German States to 1918  R-Z

739                        Bishopric of Regensburg (Ratisbone)(Hochstift Regensburg).
 1 Dec 1802                Principality of Regensburg(-Aschaffenburg) created
                             for prince-primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg.
 2 Jul 1805                Papal confirmation of the change of location of
                             the archbishopric from Mainz to Regensburg.
 6 Aug 1806                Frankfurt administered by Regensburg.
16 Feb 1810                Separate Grand Duchy of Frankfurt formed.
 9 May 1810 - 22 May 1810  French administration.
22 May 1810                Annexed by Bavaria.

Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Regensberg)
1685 - 1716                Joseph Clemens Herzog von Bayern
26 Mar 1716 -  2 Jul 1719  August Clemens Herzog von Bayern
29 Jul 1719 - 27 Jan 1763  Kardinal Johann Theodor Herzog von  (b. 1703 - d. 1763)
                             Bayern
27 Jan 1763 - 1769         Clemens Wenzel von Sachsen
18 Jan 1769 - 15 Feb 1787  Anton Ignaz Joseph Graf Fugger-Glött
26 May 1788 - 30 Dec 1789  Maximilian Procop Graf von Törring-
                             Jettenbach
 1 Mar 1790 - 26 Nov 1802  Joseph Konrad Graf von Schroffenberg-Mös
Governor
26 Nov 1802 -  1 Dec 1802  Karl Christian Ernst Graf von        (b. 1767 - d. 1849)
                             Benzel-Sternau
Landeskommissar
 1 Dec 1802 - 30 Dec 1802  Benedict Joseph Graf von Thurn und
                             Valsassina
Prince-Archbishop
30 Dec 1802 -  9 May 1810  Karl Theodor Anton Maria Freiherr    (b. 1744 - d. 1817)
                             von Dalberg 
                           (also Elector to 6 Aug 1806; and 
                            16 Feb 1810 - 28 Oct 1813 Grand Duke of Frankfurt)
French Administrator
 9 May 1810 - 22 May 1810  Jean Dominique de Compans            (b. 1769 - d. 1845)

1180                       Free Imperial City of Regensburg (Reichsstadt Regensburg).
1190 - 1245                Imperial administration.
1486 - 1496                Occupied by Bavaria.
1663 - 1803                Seat of the Reichstag (Imperial Diet).
26 Nov 1802 -  1 Dec 1802  Administered by Mainz.
 1 Jan 1803                Assigned to Karl Theodor von Dalberg, Prince-Primate
                             (see Regensburg).
 9 May 1810 - 22 May 1810  French administration.
22 May 1810                Annexed to Bavaria.

Mayors (title Bürgermeister)
 1 Jun 1492 - 26 Nov 1802  ....
Governor
26 Nov 1802 -  1 Dec 1802  Karl Christian Ernst Graf von        (b. 1767 - d. 1849)
                             Benzel-Sternau
Landeskommissar
 1 Dec 1802 - 30 Dec 1802  Benedict Joseph Graf von Thurn
                             und Valsassina
Administrator
 9 May 1810 - 22 May 1810  Jean Dominique de Compans            (b. 1769 - d. 1845)

1099                       The ruling house is founded by Heinrich "der Fromme,"

                             appointed Vogt ("advocate") to administer royal domain of

                             Gera.

c.1303                     Heinrich, founder of the junior Plauen line, whose mother

                             was a Russian princess, adopts the byname "der Reusse"

                             (i.e., the Russian), Reuss gradually becoming the dynastic

                             name.

1564                       Split into three lines, one of which is extinct 1616

 5 Sep 1673                All ruling members of the dynasty become Reichsgrafen

                            (counts, immediate vassals of the king); although the

                             dynasty is already split into the "senior line" (Ältere

                             Linie) and the "junior line" (Jüngere Linie), the common

                             style, with only the distinction of the initial word, is

                             Älterer/Jüngerer Linie Graf Reuss, Graf und Herr von Plauen,

                             Herr von Greiz, Kranichfeld, Gera, Schleiz und Lobenstein.

 4 Apr 1919                Two lines united as People's State of Reuss (Volksstaat

                             Reuss)(see German states since 1918).

Reuss-Schleiz (Junior Line)

                 1820 - 1918
 

Map of Reuss Junior Line	National Anthem "Heil unserm Fürsten, heil!"	Text of National Anthem (to 1918)
Constitution	Capital: Gera	Population: 144,570 (1905)

 

 5 Sep 1673                The dynastic line is divided into Reuss-Schleiz, Reuss-

                             Gera, and Reuss-Lobenstein.

1678                       Reuss-Lobenstein split into Reuss-Lobenstein, Reuss-

                             Hirschberg (extinct 29 Oct 1711), and Reuss-Ebersdorf.

1790                       Reuss-Lobenstein becomes principality (Fürstentum Reuss-

                             Lobenstein); style: Jüngerer Linie Fürst Reuss zu

                             Lobenstein, Graf und Herr von Plauen, etc. (s.a.)

26 Apr 1802                Reuss-Schleiz and Reuss-Gera are unified into Reuss-Schleiz

                             und Gera.

1806                       Reuss-Ebersdorf becomes principality (Fürstentum Reuss-

                             Ebersdorf); style: Jüngerer Linie Fürst Reuss zu Ebersdorf,

                             Graf und Herr von Plauen, etc. (s.a.).

 9 Apr 1806                Reuss-Schleiz und Gera becomes principality (Fürstentum

                             Reuss-Schleiz-Gera); style: Jüngerer Linie regierender

                             Fürst Reuss zu Schleiz (und Gera), Graf und Herr von

                             Plauen, etc. (s.a.).

 1 Oct 1848                Reuss-Schleiz-Gera, Reuss-Ebersdorf, and Reuss-Lobenstein

                             combine into Fürstentum Reuss Jüngere Linie; style: Jüngerer

                             Linie regierender Fürst Reuss, Graf und Herr von Plauen,

                             Herr von Greiz, Kranichfeld, Gera, Schleiz und Lobenstein.

Nov 1918                   Free State of Reuss Junior Line (Freistaat Reuss Jüngere

                             Linie)(see German states since 1918).

 

Reuss-Schleiz

Counts
28 Mar 1692 - 28 Jul 1726  Heinrich XI                        (b. 1669 - d. 1726)
28 Jul 1726 -  6 Dec 1744  Heinrich I                         (b. 1695 - d. 1744)
 6 Dec 1744 - 25 Jun 1784  Heinrich XII                       (b. 1716 - d. 1784)
25 Jun 1784 - 26 Apr 1802  Heinrich XLII                      (b. 1752 - d. 1818)

---

Reuss-Gera

Counts
23 Mar 1686 - 25 Nov 1735  Heinrich XVIII                     (b. 1677 - d. 1735)
25 Nov 1735 - 13 Mar 1748  Heinrich XXV                       (b. 1681 - d. 1748)
13 Mar 1748 - 26 Apr 1802  Heinrich XXX                       (b. 1727 - d. 1802)

---

Reuss-Hirschberg

Count
1678 - 29 Oct 1711         Heinrich VIII                      (b. 1652 - d. 1711)

---

Reuss-Lobenstein

Counts
1678 - 24 May 1710         Heinrich III                       (b. 1648 - d. 1710)
24 May 1710 - 12 May 1739  Heinrich XV                        (b. 1674 - d. 1739)
12 May 1739 -  6 May 1782  Heinrich II                        (b. 1702 - d. 1782)
 6 May 1782 - 11 Oct 1790  Heinrich XXXV                      (b. 1738 - d. 1805)
Princes
11 Oct 1790 - 30 Mar 1805  Heinrich XXXV                      (s.a.)
30 Mar 1805 -  7 May 1824  Heinrich LIV (acting to 5 Jul 1806)(b. 1767 - d. 1824)
 7 May 1824 -  1 Oct 1848  Heinrich LXXII                     (b. 1797 - d. 1853)
                            (personal union with Reuss-Ebersdorf)

---

Reuss-Ebersdorf

Counts
1678 - 20 Jun 1711         Heinrich X                         (b. 1662 - d. 1711)
20 Jun 1711 - 22 May 1747  Heinrich XXIX                      (b. 1699 - d. 1747)
22 May 1747 - 13 May 1779  Heinrich XXIV                      (b. 1724 - d. 1779)
13 May 1779 -  9 Apr 1806  Heinrich LI                        (b. 1761 - d. 1822)
Princes
 9 Apr 1806 - 10 Jul 1822  Heinrich LI                        (s.a.)
10 Jul 1822 -  1 Oct 1848  Heinrich LXXII                     (s.a.)
                            (from 7 May 1824 personal union with Reuss-Lobenstein)

---

Reuss-Schleiz-Gera and Reuss Junior Line

Count
26 Apr 1802 -  9 Apr 1806  Heinrich XLII                      (s.a.)
Princes
 9 Apr 1806 - 17 Apr 1818  Heinrich XLII                      (s.a.)
17 Apr 1818 - 19 Jun 1854  Heinrich LXII                      (b. 1785 - d. 1854)
19 Jun 1854 - 11 Jul 1867  Heinrich LXVII                     (b. 1789 - d. 1867)
11 Jul 1867 - 29 Mar 1913  Heinrich XIV                       (b. 1832 - d. 1913)
29 Mar 1913 - 11 Nov 1918  Heinrich XXVII                     (b. 1858 - d. 1928)

Ministers of state
1825 - 1841                N. Strauch
1841 - 1854                Hermann Robert Bretschneider       (b. 1806 - d. 1866)
1854 - 1862                Eduard Heinrich Geldern- 
                             Crispendorf
1862 - 24 Jun 1877         Andreas Paul Adolph von Harbou     (b. 1809 - d. 1877)
1877 - 1892                Emil von Beulwitz                  (b. 1821 - d. 1893)
1892 - 1896                Christian August Anton Vollert
1896 - 1902                Walter Engelhardt
 1 Oct 1902 -  7 Nov 1918  Karl Franz Ernst von Hinüber       (b. 1854 - d. 1929)
 7 Nov 1918 - 10 Nov 1918  Paul Ruckdeschel

---

Reuss-Greiz  (Senior Line)

Map of Reuss Senior Line	National Anthem "Gruss aus dem Reussenland"	Text of National Anthem (1860-1918)
Constitution	Capital: Griez	Population: 70,590 (1905)

 

 5 Sep 1673                The dynastic line is divided into Reuss-Untergreiz, Reuss-

                             Burgk (merged into Reuss-Untergreiz 13 Oct 1697), Reuss-

                             Rothental (merged into Reuss-Untergreiz 22 Feb 1698),

                             and Reuss-Obergreiz (split into Reuss-Obergreiz and

                             Reuss-Dölau 1694, reunited 17 Nov 1722).

17 Mar 1768                Reuss-Untergreiz and Reuss-Obergreiz combine to re-form

                             Reuss-Greiz, encompassing the whole senior-line polity.

12 May 1778                Polity elevated to rank of principality (Fürstentum Reuss

                             Ältere Linie); style: Älterer Linie souveräner Fürst Reuss,

                             Graf und Herr von Plauen, Herr von Greiz, Kranichfeld,

                             Gera, Schleiz und Lobenstein.

Nov 1918                   Free State of Reuss Senior Line (Freistaat Reuss Ältere

                             Linie)(see German states since 1918).

Reuss-Untergreiz

Counts
 3 Mar 1675 - 14 Apr 1733  Heinrich XIII                      (b. 1672 - d. 1733)
                           - jointly with -
 3 Mar 1675 - 1682         Heinrich XIV 
14 Apr 1733 - 17 Mar 1768  Heinrich III                       (b. 1701 - d. 1768)

Counts
18 Mar 1681 - 21 Oct 1697  Heinrich VI                        (b. 1649 - d. 1697)
                           - jointly with the following two -
18 Mar 1681 -  9 Oct 1690  Heinrich XV                        (b. 1676 - d. 1690)
18 Mar 1681 -  6 Mar 1698  Heinrich XVI                       (b. 1678 - d. 1698)
                            (from 1694 Reuss-Dölau)
21 Oct 1697 -  7 Sep 1714  Heinrich I                         (b. 1693 - d. 1714)
                           - jointly with -
21 Oct 1697 - 17 Nov 1722  Heinrich II                        (b. 1696 - d. 1722)
                            (from 6 Mar 1698 in personal union with Reuss-Dölau)
21 Oct 1697 -  4 Feb 1717  Henriette Amalie Freiin von        (b. 1668 - d. 1732)
                             Friesen (f) -Regent (for both above)
17 Nov 1722 - 17 Mar 1723  Heinrich IX                        (b. 1718 - d. 1723)
17 Nov 1722 - 17 Mar 1723  Sophie Charlotte Gräfin von        (b. 1697 - d. 1748) 
                             Bothmer (f) -Regent (1st time)
17 Mar 1723 - 17 Mar 1768  Heinrich XI                        (b. 1722 - d. 1800)
17 Nov 1723 - 18 Mar 1743  Sophie Charlotte Gräfin von        (s.a.) 
                             Bothmer (f) -Regent (2nd time)

Count
17 Mar 1768 - 12 May 1778  Heinrich XI                        (s.a.)
Princes
12 May 1778 - 28 Jun 1800  Heinrich XI                        (s.a.)
28 Jun 1800 - 29 Jan 1817  Heinrich XIII                      (b. 1747 - d. 1817)
29 Jan 1817 - 31 Oct 1836  Heinrich XIX                       (b. 1790 - d. 1836)
31 Oct 1836 -  8 Nov 1859  Heinrich XX                        (b. 1794 - d. 1859)
 8 Nov 1859 - 19 Apr 1902  Heinrich XXII                      (b. 1846 - d. 1902)
 8 Nov 1859 - 28 Mar 1867  Princess Karoline (f) -Regent      (b. 1819 - d. 1872)
19 Apr 1902 - 11 Nov 1918  Heinrich XXIV                      (b. 1878 - d. 1927)
15 Oct 1908 - 11 Nov 1918  Heinrich XXVII -Regent             (b. 1858 - d. 1928)

Government and Konsistorial Presidents
1782 - 1833                Franz Christian Ferdinand von Grün (b. 1758 - d. 1841)
1833 - 1840                ....
1840 - Jun 1848            Ludwig Freiherr von und zu         (b. 1794 - d. 1872)
                             Mannsbach
 1 Jul 1848 -  6 May 1861  Franz Eduard Otto                  (b. c.1780 - d. c.1865)
1861 - 26 Jan 1870         Hugo Moritz Herman                 (b. 1809 - d. 1870)
 1 Jun 1870 - 30 Sep 1874  Otto Theodor Meusel                (b. 1832 - d. 1906)
1874 - 1888                Albert Friedrich Wilhelm Faber     (b. 1817 - d. ....)
1888 - 13 Apr 1892         Alfred August Mortag               (b. c.1825 - d. 1892)
1893 - 17 Sep 1900         Theodor von Dietel                 (b. 1830 - d. 1900)
1901 - 12 Nov 1918         Ernst August von Meding            (b. 1855 - d. 1928) 

....                       Lordship of Rheda (Herrschaft Rheda)
1606                       County of Rheda (Grafschaft Rheda).
                             under Bentheim-Tecklenburg dynasty.
 1 May 1808                Annexed to Berg.
1815                       Annexed to Prussia.

Counts (title Graf von Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda)
1764 - 1704                Johann Adolf                       (b. 1673 - d. 1704)
1704 - 1710                Friedrich Moritz                   (b. 1653 - d. 1710)
1710 - 2 Jun 1768          Moritz Kasimir I                   (b. 1701 - d. 1768)
 2 Jun 768 -  4 Nov 1805   Moritz Kasimir II                  (b. 1735 - d. 1805)
 4 Nov 1805 - 20 Apr 1806  Moritz Kasimir III                 (b. 1764 - d. 1806)
20 Apr 1806 - 1808         Emil Friedrich Karl                (b. 1765 - d. 1837)

                 1803 - 27 Jul 1806

Princes (title Fürst zu Rheina-Wohlbeck) 
23 Nov 1802 - 20 Mar 1803   Wilhelm Joseph Alexander Herzog    (b. 1732 - d. 1803)
                              von Looz-Corswarem 
20 Mar 1803 - 27 Jul 1806   Joseph Arnold                      (b. 1770 - d. 1827)

1237                       County of Rietberg (Grafschaft Rietberg)
                             immediate from 1353.
 1 Jan 1758                Under the Kaunitz dynasty.
28 Aug 1807                Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
1813 - 25 May 1815         Allied administration.
25 May 1815                Annexed to Prussia.

Counts (title Graf von Rietberg)
10 Jun 1687 - 15 Mar 1690  Franz Adolf Wilhelm                 (b. 1651 - d. 1690)
15 Mar 1690 -  1 Jan 1758  Marie Ernestine Franziska -Countess (b. 1687 - d. 1758)
 1 Jan 1758 - 1794         Wenzel Anton Graf von Kaunitz       (b. 1711 - d. 1794)
1794 - 1797                Ernst Christoph                     (b. 1737 - d. 1797)
1797 - 1807                Dominicus Andreas Graf von          (b. 1739 - d. 1812)
                             Questenberg

1126                       Benedictine Abbey of Rottenmünster (Stift Rottenmünster)
1442                       Abbesses also Princesses of the Empire.
27 Apr 1803                Secularized and annexed to Württemberg.

Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstäbtissin zu Rottenmünster)
1687 - 1725                Maria Williburg Frey 
1725 - 1796                ....
1796 - 27 Apr 1803         Maria Juliana Maier 

1019                       County of Salm (Grafschaft Salm-Salm)
1086                       County of Salm-Kyrburg (from 21 Feb 1742 Principality of
                             Salm-Kyrburg).
1165                       Divided into Lower Salm (lineage of the lords of Reifferscheidt)
                             and Upper Salm (lineage of the "Wild-und Rheingrafen").
1263                       Salm-Dhaun separated from Upper Salm; which from 25 Dec 1499 -
                             1574 part of Salm; from 10 Jun 1750 part of Salm-Grumbach).
1574                       Upper Salm divided into branches of Salm-Salm (from 8 Jan 1623,
                             Principality of Salm-Salm) and Salm-Grumbach.
1639                       Salm-Reifferscheid separated from Lower-Salm.
13 Sep 1693                Salm-Reifferscheid divided into the branches of 
                             Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur and Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck.
 9 Mar 1801                Salm-Dhaun, Salm-Dyck, Salm-Grumbach, and Salm-Reifferscheid 
                             are annexed by France.
25 Feb 1803 -  2 Aug 1806  Former Count of Salm-Grumbach is made Count of Salm-Horstmar.
13 Dec 1810                Salm-Kyrburg and Salm-Salm annexed by France (from 27 Apr 
                             1811, part of département of Lippe).
1813 - 1815                Allied administration.
1815                       Annexed to Prussia.
 

Salm-Dhaun

1263                       County of Salm-Dhaun (Grafschaft Salm-Dhaun)
25 Dec 1499 - 1574         Part of Salm
10 Jun 1750                Part of Salm-Grumbach.
 9 Mar 1801                Annexation by France.
1813 - 1815                Allied administration.
1815                       Annexed to Prussia.

Counts (title Wild- und Rheingraf von Salm zu Dhaun)
26 Jun 1693 - 26 Mar 1733  Karl                         (b. 1675 - d. 1733)
26 Jun 1693 - 11 Sep 1693  Anna Katharina Gräfin von    (b. 1653 - d. 1731)
                             Nassau-Ottweiler (f) -Regent
26 Mar 1733 - 13 Sep 1742  Johann Philipp II            (b. 1724 - d. 1742)
26 Mar 1733 - 13 Sep 1738  Luise Gräfin von Nassau-     (b. 1686 - d. 1773)
                             Ottweiler (f) -Regent
13 Sep 1742 - 24 Apr 1748  Christian Otto               (b. 1680 - d. 1748)
24 Apr 1748 - 27 Jan 1750  Johann Friedrich             (b. 1727 - d. 1750)
27 Jan 1750 - 23 Feb 1750  Karl Leopold Ludwig          (b. 1748 - d. 1750)
27 Jan 1750 - 23 Feb 1750  Karoline Friederike von      (b. 1733 - d. 1783)
                             Salm (f) -Regent (2nd time)
23 Feb 1750 - 10 Jun 1750  Friedrich Wilhelm            (b. 1750 - d. 1750)
23 Feb 1750 - 10 Jun 1750  Karoline Friederike von      (s.a.)
                             Salm (f) -Regent (1st time)

             1803 - 13 Dec 1810

Co-Regents
29 Dec 1696 - 15 Oct 1716  Heinrich Gabriel Joseph     (b. 1674 - d. 1716)
15 Oct 1716 - 21 Feb 1742  Johann XI Dominic Albert    (b. 1708 - d. 1778)
                           - jointly with -
15 Oct 1716 - 1738         Philipp Joseph              (b. 1709 - d. 1779)
Counts (title Wild-und Rheingraf zu Kyrburg)
1738 - 21 Feb 1742         Johann XI Dominic Albert    (s.a.)
                           - jointly with -
1738 - 21 Feb 1742         Philipp Joseph              (s.a.)
Princes (title Reichsfürst zu Salm-Kyrburg, Fürst zu Ahaus und Bocholt, 
Wild-und Rheingraf, Graf von Renneberg)
21 Feb 1742 -  2 Jun 1778  Johann XI Dominic Albert    (s.a.)
                           - jointly with -
21 Feb 1742 -  7 Jun 1779  Philipp Joseph              (s.a.)
 7 Jun 1779 - 25 Jul 1794  Friedrich III               (b. 1745 - d. 1794)
25 Jul 1794 - 1801         Friedrich IV                (b. 1789 - d. 1859)

1574                       County of Salm-Grumbach (Grafschaft Salm-Grumbach)
 9 Mar 1801                Annexation by France.
25 Feb 1803 -  2 Aug 1806  Former Count made Count of Salm-Horstmar (s.b.).
1813 - 1816                Allied administration.
1816                       Part of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
1834                       Annexed to Prussia. 

Counts
16 Nov 1668 - 25 Aug 1719  Leopold Philipp Wilhelm        (b. 1642 - d. 1719)
15 Aug 1719 - Jun 1727     Karl Ludwig Philipp            (b. 1678 - d. 1727)
Jun 1727 - 11 Jul 1763     Karl Walrad Wilhelm            (b. 1701 - d. 1763)
11 Jul 1763 - 23 Sep 1799  Karl Ludwig Wilhelm Theodor    (b. 1720 - d. 1799)
23 Sep 1799 - 1801         Wilhelm Friedrich Karl August  (b. 1799 - d. 1865)
13 Sep 1799 - 1801         Friederike Gräfin zu           (b. 1767 - d. 1849)
                             Sayn-Wittgenstein-
                             Hohenstein (f) -Regent

1574                       County of Salm-Salm (Grafschaft Salm-Salm)
 8 Jan 1623                Principality of Salm-Salm (Fürstentum Salm-Salm)
13 Dec 1810                Annexation by France.
27 Apr 1811                Incorporation into French département of Lippe.
1813 - 1815                Allied administration.
1815                       Annexed to Prussia.

Princes (title Fürst und Rheingraf von Salm zu Salm, Wildgraf von Daun und Kyrburg,
Rheingraf von Stein, etc.)
23 Dec 1663 - 10 Nov 1710  Karl Theodor Otto                 (b. 1645 - d. 1710)
23 Dec 1663 - 27 Jul 1666  .... -Regent 
10 Nov 1710 - 23 Nov 1738  Ludwig Otto                       (b. 1674 - d. 1738)
23 Nov 1738 -  4 Feb 1770  Nicholas Leopold                  (b. 1707 - d. 1770)
                             (acting to 14 Jan 1739)
 4 Feb 1770 - 29 Jul 1778  Ludwig Otto Karl                  (b. 1721 - d. 1778)
14 Sep 1773 - 29 Jul 1778  Marie Louise Eleonore Landgräfin  (b. 1729 - d. 1800)
                             von Hessen (f) -Regent (1st time)
29 Jul 1778 - 13 Dec 1810  Konstantine Alexander Joseph      (b. 1773 - d. 1828)
29 Jul 1778 - 22 Nov 1783  Marie Louise Eleonore Landgräfin  (s.a.)
                             von Hessen (f) -Regent (2nd time)
                           + Wilhelm Florentin Johann Felix  (b. 1745 - d. 1810)
                             Bischof von Doornik -Regent

1163                       County of Upper Salm
1455                       County of Salm-Reifferscheid (Grafschaft Salm-Reifferscheid)
 9 Mar 1801                Annexation by France.
1813 - 1815                Allied administration.
1815                       Annexed to Prussia.

Counts (title Altgraf von Salm Reifferscheid zu Bedbur) 
16 Jul 1678 -  4 Jun 1734  Franz Wilhelm I                 (b. 1672 - d. 1734)
16 Jul 1678 - 14 Aug 1693  Ernestine Barbara Dorothea      (b. 1654 - d. 1698)
                             Sibylle Grafin zu Löwenstein-
                             Wertheim-Rochefort (f) -Regent
 4 Jun 1734 - 13 Jul 1755  Karl Anton Joseph               (b. 1697 - d. 1755)
13 Jul 1755 - 27 Feb 1798  Siegmund                        (b. 1735 - d. 1798)
13 Jul 1755 - 13 Jun 1756  Maria Franziska Gräfin          (b. 1702 - d. 1778)
                             Esterházy (f) -Regent
27 Feb 1798 - 1801         Franz Wilhelm II                (b. 1772 - d. 1831)

10..                       Lordship of Salm-Dyck (Herrschaft Salm-Dyck).
1475 - 13 Sep 1639         Part of Salm-Reifferscheid.
13 Sep 1693                County of Salm-Dyck (Grafschaft Salm-Dyck)
 9 Mar 1801                Annexation by France.
1813 - 1815                Allied administration.
1815                       Annexed to Prussia.

Counts (title Altgraf von Salm Reifferscheid zu Dyck)
11 Jun 1684 - 16 Jul 1727  Franz Ernst                     (b. 1659 - d. 1727)
16 Jul 1727 - 10 Oct 1727  August Eugen Bernhard           (b. 1706 - d. 1767)
16 Jul 1727 - 10 Oct 1727  Anna Franziska Fürstin von      (b. 1683 - d. 1776)
                             Thurn und Taxis (f) -Regent 
 5 Oct 1767 - 17 Aug 1775  Johann Franz Wilhelm            (b. 1714 - d. 1775)
17 Aug 1775 - 1801         Joseph Franz Maria              (b. 1773 - d. 1861)
17 Aug 1775 -  6 Jan 1776  Auguste Gräfin von Waldburg-    (b. 1743 - d. 1776)
                             Zeil-Wurzach (f) -Regent
 6 Jan 1776 - 1801         .... -Regent

        25 Feb 1803 - 1 Aug 1806

Count (title Wild- und Rheingraf von Salm zu Horstmar)
18 Aug 1802 -  2 Aug 1806   Wilhelm Friedrich Karl August  (b. 1799 - d. 1865)
18 Aug 1802 -  2 Aug 1806   Friederike Gräfin zu           (b. 1767 - d. 1849)
                              Sayn-Wittgenstein-
                              Hohenstein (f) -Regent

 1 Jan 1249                The defunct office of Landgraf von Thüringen is revived by
                             the king and conferred upon Heinrich "der Erlauchte" of the
                             Wettin dynasty.
19 May 1547                The ruler of the Albertine line of dukes of Saxony abandons
                             the style of Landgrave and continues as Duke of Saxony.
21 Feb 1566                Division into Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Weimar.

Note: All monarchs in this section belong to the Ernestine line of the Wettin dynasty. Every polity in this account is a Duchy of Saxe-X (Herzogtum Sachsen-X) and its ruler is styled Herzog von Sachsen, Herzog zu Sachsen-X. The only exception is the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, later styled Grand Duchy of Saxony (Grossherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar
-Eisenach, Grossherzogtum Sachsen), after 1815.

Saxe-Altenburg

1832 - 1893

1893 - 1918

Map of Saxe-Altenburg	National Anthem "Heil unserm Herzog, heil" (Hail to our Duke, hail!)	Text of National Anthem
Constitution	Capital: Altenburg	Population: 206,500 (1905)

13 Nov 1602                Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
26 May 1672 - 11 Feb 1825  In personal union with Saxe-Gotha
12 Nov 1826                Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg restored in
                             exchange for Saxe-Hildburghausen.
 9 Nov 1918                Free State of Saxe-Altenburg (Freistaat Saxe-Altenburg)
                             (see German states since 1918). 

Dukes
26 May 1672 - 11 Feb 1825  the dukes of Saxe-Gotha
12 Nov 1826 - 29 Sep 1834  Friedrich                          (b. 1763 - d. 1834)
29 Sep 1834 - 30 Nov 1848  Joseph                             (b. 1789 - d. 1868)
30 Nov 1848 -  3 Aug 1853  Georg                              (b. 1796 - d. 1853)
 3 Aug 1853 -  7 Feb 1908  Ernst I                            (b. 1826 - d. 1908)
 7 Feb 1908 - 13 Nov 1918  Ernst II                           (b. 1871 - d. 1955)

Chancellors
1682 - 1700                Johann Caspar von Hendrich         (b. 1635 - d. 1700)
1700 - 1705                Georg Dietrich Pflugk              (b. 1640 - d. 1705)
1706 - 1731                Heinrich Hildebrand von Einsiedel  (b. 1658 - d. 1731)
1731 - 1738                Johann Georg von Geissmar          (b. 1682 - d. 1749)
1738 - 1742                Siegmund Ehrenfried von Oppel      (b. 1687 - d. 1757)
1743 - 11 Nov 1750         Ernst Friedrich Freiherr von       (b. 1696 - d. 1756)
                             Seckendorff 
11 Nov 1750 - 1766         Albrecht Anton von Rüxleben        (b. 1705 - d. 1770)
1766 - 1782                Johann Freiherr von Rothkirch und  (b. 1710 - d. 1782)
                             Trach 
1783 - 1789                Friedrich Karl Adam von            (b. 1738 - d. 1789)
                             Schwarzenfels (acting to 1786)
1789 - 30 Nov 1826         Friedrich Carl Adolf von           (b. 1751 - d. 1831)
                             Trützschler 
Ministers of state
 1 Dec 1826 - Sep 1830     Friedrich Carl Adolf von           (s.a.)
                             Trützschler 
Sep 1830 - 25 May 1848     Johann Heinrich Ernst Edler von    (b. 1788 - d. 1863)
                             Braun 
25 May 1848 -  9 Nov 1848  Gustav Adolf Edler von der Planitz (b. 1802 - d. 1869)
 9 Nov 1848 -  1 Dec 1848  Karl Louis Graf von Beust          (b. 1811 - d. 1888)
                             (1st time) 
 1 Dec 1848 - 22 Aug 1849  Hans Conon von der Gabelentz       (b. 1807 - d. 1874)
22 Aug 1849 -  2 Feb 1853  Karl Louis Graf von Beust          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
 2 Feb 1853 - Jun 1867     Karl August Alfred von Larisch     (b. 1819 - d. 1897)
Jun 1867 - 1879            Friedrich Leopold Wolf Ludwig      (b. 1826 - d. 1899) 
                             Wendelin von Gerstenbergk, Edler
                             von Zech 
1880 - 22 Aug 1891         Hugo Heinrich Alfred von Leipziger (b. 1823 - d. 1896)
22 Aug 1891 - Aug 1904     Georg Heinrich von Helldorf        (b. 1834 - d. 1907)
1904 -  1 Dec 1912         Friedrich Arthur von Borries       (b. 1853 - d. 1923)
 1 Dec 1912 - Jul 1915     Robert von Scheller-Steinwartz     (b. 1865 - d. 1921)
Jul 1915 -  9 Nov 1918     Waldemar Philip Paul Alexander     (b. 1865 - d. 1938) 
                             von Wussow 

1826 - 1911

1911 - 1918

12 Nov 1826                Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Gotha enter into
                             personal union, styled Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
13 Nov 1918                Free State of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
14 Nov 1918                Union dissolved into separate republics of Saxe-Coburg and
                             Saxe-Gotha (see German states since 1918).

Dukes
12 Nov 1826 - 29 Jan 1844  Ernst I                            (b. 1784 - d. 1844)
29 Jan 1844 - 22 Aug 1893  Ernst II                           (b. 1818 - d. 1893)
22 Aug 1893 - 30 Jun 1900  Alfred                             (b. 1844 - d. 1900)
30 Jun 1900 - 14 Nov 1918  Carl Eduard                        (b. 1884 - d. 1954)
1900 - 19 Jul 1905         Ernst von Hohenlohe-               (b. 1863 - d. 1950)
                             Langenberg -Regent

Ministers of state
12 Nov 1826 - 1826         Albrecht Anton Adolph Hofmann      (b. 1758 - d. 1837)
1826 - 21 Jan 1840         Christoph Anton Ferdinand Freiherr (b. 1785 - d. 1840)
                             von Carlowitz 
Jan 1840 - Oct 1840        Dietrich Carl August Freiherr von  (b. 1793 - d. 1867)
                             Stein (1st time) 
Oct 1840 -  1 Mar 1846     Georg Ferdinand Freiherr von Lepel (b. 1779 - d. 1873)
 1 Mar 1846 -  1 Dec 1849  Dietrich Carl August Freiherr von  (s.a.)
                             Stein (2nd time) 
 1 Dec 1849 - Mar 1888     Camillo Richard von Seebach        (b. 1808 - d. 1894)
                            (from 1855, Camillo Richard 
                             Freiherr von Seebach)
Mar 1888 - 14 Nov 1891     Gisbert Gustav Bogislaw Karl von   (b. 1841 - d. 1913)
                             Bonin-Brettin
14 Nov 1891 -  1 Nov 1900  Carl Friedrich von Strenge         (b. 1843 - d. 1907)
Nov 1900 - 19 May 1905     Philipp Otto Hentig                (b. 1852 - d. 1934)
19 May 1905 -  5 May 1914  Ernst Friedrich Hermann von        (b. 1862 - d. 1935)
                             Richter 
 5 May 1914 -  1 May 1919  Hans Barthold von Bassewitz        (b. 1867 - d. 1949)

 6 Nov 1572                (de jure 14 Dec 1596) Duchy of Saxe-Coburg.
26 Jul 1633                Extinct, divided between Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Weimar.
 5 Mar 1680                Duchy of Saxe-Coburg.
16 Aug 1699                Extinct.
29 Jul 1735                The joint rulers of the non-sovereign line of Saxe-Saalfeld
                             establish the (sovereign) Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
27 Jan 1807 - 28 Jul 1807  Occupied by France.
12 Nov 1826                Personal union with Saxe-Gotha; the union which is
                             styled Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Nov 1918                   De facto separation from Gotha.

Dukes
29 Jul 1735 -  4 Sep 1745  Christian Ernst                    (b. 1683 - d. 1745)
                           - jointly with -
29 Jul 1735 - 16 Sep 1764  Franz Josias                       (b. 1697 - d. 1764)
16 Sep 1764 -  8 Sep 1800  Ernst Friedrich                    (b. 1724 - d. 1800)
 8 Sep 1800 -  9 Dec 1806  Franz Friedrich Anton              (b. 1750 - d. 1806)
 9 Dec 1806 - 27 Jan 1807  Ernst I (1st time)                 (b. 1784 - d. 1844)
28 Jul 1807 - 12 Nov 1826  Ernst I (2nd time)                 (s.a.)

Directing Councillor
1735 - 1756                Johann Friedrich Gruner            (b. 1688 - d. 1756)
Secret Councillor
1756 - 1758                Christoph Siegmund von Hendrich    (b. 1711 - d. 1760)
Chancellors
1758 - 1780                Wilhelm Friedrich von Beulwitz     (b. 1722 - d. 1780)
1780 - Apr 1796            Johann Melchior Heuschkel          (b. 1719 - d. 1796)
                             (acting to 1781)
Apr 1796 - 30 Apr 1802     Georg Friedrich Schnetter          (b. 1745 - d. 18..)
Ministers directing the State ministry
1801 - 26 Jan 1808         Karl Theodor von Kretschmann       (b. 1762 - d. 1820)
26 Jan 1808 -  4 Apr 1808  Johann Ernst von Gruner (acting)   (b. 1757 - d. 1822)
Presidents of the State ministry
 4 Apr 1808 -  Jun 1822    Johann Ernst von Gruner            (s.a.)
Jun 1822 - 30 Nov 1826     Albrecht Anton Adolph Hofmann      (b. 1758 - d. 1837)
                             (acting from 1 May 1822)
State Ministers
30 Nov 1826 - 30 Apr 1919  the ministers of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

 6 Nov 1572                (de jure 14 Dec 1596) Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach.
 2 Nov 1638                Extinct, incorporated into Saxe-Weimar.
22 Sep 1641                Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach
Sep 1662                   Saxe-Eisenach divided into Saxe-Jena and Saxe-Eisenach.
1698                       Saxe-Jena and Saxe-Eisenach reunited by the ruler of
                             Saxe-Jena, re-establishing Saxe-Eisenach.

Dukes
10 Nov 1698 -  4 Jan 1729  Johann Wilhelm II                  (b. 1666 - d. 1729)
 4 Jan 1729 - 26 Jul 1741  Wilhelm Heinrich                   (b. 1691 - d. 1741)
Commissioner for Weimar
26 Jul 1741 - 28 Aug 1748  Joachim Christoph von Moltke       (b. 1699 - d. 1781)
Director of the Weimar State adminsistration
28 Aug 1748 -  2 Dec 1749  Joachim Christoph von Moltke       (s.a.)
State Director for Weimar
 2 Dec 1749 - 11 Nov 1750  Albrecht Anton von Rüxleben        (b. 1705 - d. 1770)
Governor
11 Nov 1750 - 10 Jan 1756  Heinrich Graf von Bünau            (b. 1697 - d. 1762)

Secret Councillor and Vice-Chancellor
1697 - 1701                Johann Wilhelm Schröter            (b. 1653 - d. 1714)
Presidents of government
1701 - 1714                Johann Heinrich Leonardi           (b. 1646 - d. 1714)
1714 - 1729                Christian von Griesheim            (b. 1668 - d. 1737)
1729 - 1744                Johann Hartmann Gärtner von        (b. 1674 - d. 1744)
                             Grüneck
Chancellors
1744 - 1749                Bartholomäus Kellner               (b. 1666 - d. 1752)
                             (acting to 1748)
1749 - 1750                Vacant
1750 - 10 Jan 1756         Karl Ernst von Rehdiger            (b. 1692 - d. 1766)
10 Jan 1756 - 1781         Johann Christian von Göckel        (b. 1713 - d. 1781)
1781 - 1806                Johann Ludwig von Mauchenheim,     (b. 1739 - d. 1806)
                             gen. von Bechtoldsheim 
1806 - 1814                Johann Christian von Damnitz       (b. 1747 - d. 1818)
1814 - 1829                Christian August Thon              (b. 1754 - d. 1829)
1829 - 1836                Georg Friedrich Konrad Ludwig von  (b. 1780 - d. 1838)
                             Gerstenbergk, gen. Müller
1837 - 30 Jun 1850         Gustav Leopold Konstantin Wittich  (b. 1783 - d. 1857)

21 Feb 1566                Duchy of Saxe-Gotha
 6 Nov 1572                (de jure 14 Dec 1596) divided into Saxe-Coburg and
                             Saxe-Eisenach.
22 Sep 1641                Duchy of Saxe-Gotha
25 May 1672                In personal union with Saxe-Altenburg.
 5 Mar 1680                Divided into Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Meiningen,
                           Saxe-Hildburghausen, plus three non-sovereign lines
                             (Saxe-Römhild, Saxe-Eisenberg, Saxe-Saalfeld).
11 Feb 1825                Ruling lineage extinct.
12 Nov 1826                Duchy restored in personal union with Saxe-Coburg, the
                             union styled Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Nov 1918                   De facto separation from Saxe-Coburg
                             see German states since 1918).

Dukes
 5 Mar 1680 - 12 Aug 1691  Friedrich I                        (b. 1646 - d. 1691)
12 Aug 1691 - 23 Mar 1732  Friedrich II                       (b. 1676 - d. 1732)
12 Aug 1691 - Dec 1693     Bernhard I Herzog von Sachsen,     (b. 1649 - d. 1706)
                             Fürst von Meiningen -Regent
                           - jointly with -
12 Aug 1691 - Dec 1693     Heinrich Herzog von Sachsen,       (b. 1650 - d. 1710)
                             Fürst zu Römhild -Regent
23 Mar 1732 - 10 Mar 1772  Friedrich III                      (b. 1699 - d. 1772)
10 Mar 1772 - 20 Apr 1804  Ernst II                           (b. 1745 - d. 1804)
20 Apr 1804 - 17 May 1822  Emil Leopold August                (b. 1772 - d. 1822)
17 May 1822 - 11 Feb 1825  Friedrich IV                       (b. 1774 - d. 1825)

Leiter des Geheimen Ratskollegiums
1680 - 1689                Ernst Ludwig Avemann               (b. 1609 - d. 1689)
1689 - 1726                Johann Friedrich Bachoff Freiherr  (b. 1643 - d. 1726)
                             von Echt
1726 - 1736                Johann Friedrich Bachoff Freiherr  (b. 1679 - d. 1736)
                             von Echt 
1736 - 1748                Christian von Uffel                (b. 1687 - d. 1748)
1748 - 20 Mar 1757         Siegmund Ehrenfried von Oppel      (b. 1687 - d. 1757)
20 Mar 1757 - 28 Nov 1763  Christoph Dietrich von Keller      (b. 1699 - d. 1766)
28 Nov 1763 -  1 Mar 1770  Albrecht Anton von Rüxleben        (b. 1705 - d. 1770)
 1 Mar 1770 - 1790         Friedrich Karl Freiherr Ludwig     (b. 1728 - d. 1815)
                             Freiherr von Liechtenstein 
1790 - 24 Apr 1815         Sylvius Friedrich Ludwig Freiherr  (b. 1728 - d. 1815)
                             von Frankenburg 
24 Apr 1815 - Apr 1817     Johann Wilhelm von Thümmel         (b. 1744 - d. 1824)
Apr 1817 - 12 Nov 1826     Friedrich Karl Adolf von           (b. 1751 - d. 1831) 
                             Trützschler
Apr 1817 - 1823            Friedrich August von Minkwitz      (b. 1753 - d. 1823)
                             (acting for Trützschler) 
1823 - 12 Nov 1826         Johann Karl von der Becke          (b. 1756 - d. 1830)
                             (acting for Trützschler)
Chancellor
12 Nov 1826 - 1829         Friedrich Christian Alexander von  (b. 1779 - d. 1835)
                             Seebach
Directing presidents
1829 - 1835                Ernst Ludwig Karl von Seebach      (b. 1778 - d. 1848)
1835 - 1846                Dietrich Freiherr von Stein        (b. 1793 - d. 1867)
State director
1846 - 31 Dec 1857         Ernst von Wangenheim               (b. 1797 - d. 1860)

                    1815 - 1826

 5 Mar 1680                Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen
12 Nov 1826                Personal union with Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen,
                             in exchange for Saxe-Altenburg.

Dukes
 5 Mar 1680 - 17 Oct 1715  Ernst                              (b. 1655 - d. 1715)
17 Oct 1715 -  9 Mar 1724  Ernst Friedrich I                  (b. 1681 - d. 1724)
 9 Mar 1724 - 13 Aug 1745  Ernst Friedrich II                 (b. 1707 - d. 1745)
 9 Mar 1724 - 17 Dec 1728  Sophie Albertine Gräfin von        (b. 1683 - d. 1742)
                             Erbach (f) -Regent
13 Aug 1745 - 23 Sep 1780  Ernst Friedrich III                (b. 1727 - d. 1780)
13 Aug 1745 - 10 Jun 1748  Caroline Gräfin von Erbach-        (b. 1700 - d. 1758)
                             Fürstenau (f) -Regent
23 Sep 1780 - 12 Nov 1826  Friedrich                          (b. 1763 - d. 1834)
13 Sep 1780 -  4 Jan 1787  Joseph Maria Friedrich -Regent     (b. 1702 - d. 1787)

Heads of government
1699 - 1708                Georg Christoph von Hessberg       (b. 1647 - d. 1711)
1708 - 1709                Gottfried von Ruland               (d. 1709)
1709 - 1721                Tobias Sutorius Erzerherzog        (d. 1731)
                             Edler von Carlestein 
1721 - 1737                Nikolaus Heinrich Panzerbieter     (d. 1749)
1737 - 1747                Johann Karl von Hessberg           (b. 1689 - d. 1750)
1747 - 1778                Christian Friedrich Marshall von   (b. 1697 - d. 1778)
                             Herrengosserstädt
1779 - 1789                Konrad Friedlieb von Lilienstern   (b. 1727 - d. 1789)
Chancellors
1789 - 1801                Johann Christoph Brunnquell        (b. 1723 - d. 1801)
1801 - Jul 1806            Justus Siegfried von Koppenfels    (b. 1749 - d. 1816)
                            (Head of government)
Jul 1806 - 14 Feb 1807     Johann Ulrich Röder              &nbs