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States of Germany
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Party abbreviations: CDU = Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Christian Democratic Union); CSU = Christlich-Soziale Union (Christian Social Union, local Bavarian CDU);
Grn = Gruen (Alliance '90/Greens, environmental); PDS = Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus (Party of Democratic Socialism, ex-SED); SPD = Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of Germany); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: ADV = Alldeutscher Verband (All-German [or pan-German] Union, nationalist);
ASPD = Alte Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschland (Old Social Democratic Party of Germany);
BCSV = Badische Christlich-Soziale Volkspartei (Baden Christian Social People's Party);
BVP = Bayerische Volkspartei (Bavarian People's Party); CNM = Consortium of National Mecklenburgers (Mecklenburg regionalist); CVP = Christliche Volkspartei (Christian People's Party); DDP = Deutsche Demokratische Partei (German Democratic Party); DemP = Demokratische Partei (Democratic Party - in Baden, Thüringen); DNVP = Deutschnationale Volkspartei (German National Party); DP = Deutsche Partei (German Party - in Niedersachsen); DVP = Deutsche Volkspartei (German People's Party); FDP/DVP = Freie Demokratische Partei/ Demokratische Volkspartei (Free Democratic Party/German People's Party); FP = Fortschrittpartei (Progressive Party); KPD = Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Communist Party of Germany);
LDP = Liberal-Demokratische Partei (Liberal Democratic Party); NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker's Party, Nazi fascist, German nationalist -only legal party 1934-1945, banned 1945); SED = Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Socialist Unity Party of Germany, communist, authoritarian, East German state party 1949-1989); SP = Sozialistische Partei (Socialist Party); TLB = Thüringischer Landbund (Thuringian State Union); USPD = Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Independent Social Democratic Party); Z = Zentrum (Center Party, catholic, centerist)
Note: state flags (and anthems) were abolished 15 Sep 1935
- May 1945.
Alsace-Lorraine 1940-1945: see under France
Anhalt
-
![[Anhalt Civil Flag 1919-1935 (Germany)]](de-an_hi.gif)
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18 Jul 1919 - 15 Sep 1935
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"Dessauer Marsch" |
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12 Nov 1918
Free State of Anhalt (Freisaat Anhalt).
9 Jul 1945
Merged into Sachsen-Anhalt.
Ministers of state
8 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918 Max Gutknecht
(b. 1876 - d. 1946) SPD
14 Nov 1918 - 23 Jul 1919 Wolfgang Heine
(b. 1861 - d. 1944) SDP
23 Jul 1919 - 9 Jul 1924 Heinrich Deist (1st time)
(b. 1874 - d. 1962) SPD
9 Jul 1924 - 25 Nov 1924 R. Willi Knorr
(b. 1878 - d. 1937) DNVP
25 Nov 1924 - 21 May 1932 Heinrich Deist (2nd time)
(s.a.)
SPD
21 May 1932 - 8 Jan 1940 Alfred Freyberg
(b. 1892 - d. 1945) NSDAP
5 May 1933 - 23 Oct 1935 Friedrich Wilhelm Loeper
(b. 1883 - d. 1935) NSDAP
(Reichsstatthalter)
Nov 1935 - 20 Apr 1937 Fritz
Sauckel
(b. 1894 - d. 1946) NSDAP
(acting Reichsstatthalter)
8 Jan 1940 - Apr 1945 Rudolf Jordan
(b. 1902 - d. 1988) NSDAP
(also Reichsstatthalter from 20 Apr 1937)
Baden
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![[Civil Flag 1918- 1935 and 1945-1952 (Baden, Germany)]](de-bd891.gif)
- 22 Nov 1918 Republic of Baden
- 7 Jul 1945 Divided into two parts: northern part merged into Württemberg-Baden
- and southern part becomes state of Südbaden.
- 2 Dec 1946 Südbaden renamed Baden.
- 7 Sep 1949 Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
- 25 Apr 1952 Merged into Baden-Württemberg.
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"Badner Lied" (Song of Baden) |
Südbaden: 1,197,100 (1951) |
Baden-Württemberg
-
![[State Flag variant 1 (Baden-Württemberg, Germany)]](de-bw_s1.gif)
- Adopted 2 Aug 1954
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"Der Reichste Fürst" (The Richest Prince) Adopted 1952 |
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25 Apr 1952
Constituted by the merger of Baden, Württemberg-Baden,
and Württemberg-Hohenzollern.
Minister-presidents
25 Apr 1952 - 30 Sep 1953 Reinhold Maier
(b. 1889 - d. 1971) FDP/DVP
30 Sep 1953 - 17 Dec 1958 Gebhard Müller
(b. 1900 - d. 1990) CDU
17 Dec 1958 - 1 Dec 1966 Kurt Georg Kiesinger
(b. 1904 - d. 1988) CDU
16 Dec 1966 - 30 Aug 1978 Hans Filbinger
(b. 1913 - d. 2007) CDU
30 Aug 1978 - 22 Jan 1991 Lothar Späth
(b. 1937)
CDU
22 Jan 1991 - 21 Apr 2005 Erwin Teufel
(b. 1939)
CDU
21 Apr 2005 -
Günther Oettinger
(b. 1953)
CDU
Bayern (Bavaria)
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![[Bavaria since 1878 (Germany)]](de-by1.gif)
![[Lozengy Civil and State Flag (Bavaria, Germany)]](de-by2c.gif)
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"Für Bayern" (For Bavaria) Adopted 2 Apr 1953 |
8,223,000 (1939) |
8 Nov 1918
People's State of Bavaria
7 Apr 1919 - 1 May 1919 Bavarian
Soviet Republic or Conciliar Republic
of Bavaria (Räterepublik Baiern), in rebellion.
15 Sep 1919
Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern).
8 - 9 Nov 1923
Attempted (Beer Hall) Putsch by Adolf Hitler.
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Minister-presidents
8 Nov 1918 - 21 Feb 1919 Kurt Eisner
(b. 1867 - d. 1919) USPD
1 Mar 1919 - 17 Mar 1919 Martin Segitz (acting)
(b. 1853 - d. 1927) SDP
(not recognized by provisional assembly)
17 Mar 1919 - 16 Mar 1920 Johannes Hoffmann
(b. 1867 - d. 1930) SPD
(7 Apr 1919 - 1 May 1919 in Bamberg)
16 Mar 1920 - 21 Sep 1921 Gustav von Kahr
(b. 1862 - d. 1934) BVP
21 Sep 1921 - 8 Nov 1922 Hugo Graf von und zu Lerchenfeld
(b. 1871 - d. 1944) BVP
auf Köfering und Schönburg
8 Nov 1922 - 30 Jun 1924 Eugen Ritter von Knilling
(b. 1865 - d. 1927) BVP
26 Sep 1923 - 18 Feb 1924 Gustav von Kahr -Staatskommissar
(s.a.)
Non-party
27 Sep 1923 - 23 Oct 1923 Otto von Lossow -Reichskommissar
(b. 1863 - d. 1938) Mil
8 Nov 1923 - 9 Nov 1923 Ernst Pöhner
(b. 1870 - d. 1925) NSDAP
(appointed by Hitler; not recognized)
30 Jun 1924 - 16 Mar 1933 Heinrich Held
(b. 1868 - d. 1938) BVP
16 Mar 1933 - 12 Apr 1933 Franz Xaver Ritter von Epp
(b. 1868 - d. 1946) NSDAP
(also Reichskommissar 9-16 Mar 1933 and
10 Apr 1933 - 29 Apr 1945 Reichsstatthalter)
12 Apr 1933 - 1 Nov 1942 Ludwig Siebert
(b. 1874 - d. 1942) NSDAP
2 Nov 1942 - 28 Apr 1945 Paul Giesler
(b. 1895 - d. 1945) NDAP
28 May 1945 - 28 Sep 1945 Fritz Schäffer
(b. 1888 - d. 1967) BVP
28 Sep 1945 - 21 Dec 1946 Wilhelm Hoegner (1st time)
(b. 1887 - d. 1980) SPD
21 Dec 1946 - 14 Dec 1954 Hans Ehard (1st time)
(b. 1887 - d. 1980) CSU
14 Dec 1954 - 16 Oct 1957 Wilhelm Hoegner (2nd time)
(s.a.)
SPD
16 Oct 1957 - 26 Jan 1960 Hanns Seidel
(b. 1901 - d. 1961) CSU
26 Jan 1960 - 11 Dec 1962 Hans Ehard (2nd time)
(s.a.)
CSU
11 Dec 1962 - 6 Nov 1978 Alfons Goppel
(b. 1905 - d. 1991) CSU
6 Nov 1978 - 3 Oct 1988 Franz Josef Strauss
(b. 1915 - d. 1988) CSU
19 Oct 1988 - 28 May 1993 Max Streibl
(b. 1932 - d. 1998) CSU
28 May 1993 - 9 Oct 2007 Edmund Stoiber
(b. 1941)
CSU
9 Oct 2007 - 27 Oct 2008
Günther Beckstein
(b. 1943)
CSU
27 Oct 2008 -
Horst Seehofer
(b. 1949)
CSU
Bavarian Soviet Republic
![[Soviet Republic of Bavaria 4th April - 1st May 1919 (Germany)]](de-ddred.gif)
7 Apr 1919 - 1 May 1919 Bavarian Soviet Republic
or Conciliar Republic
of Bavaria (Räterepublik Baiern), in Munich rebellion.
Chairmen of the Central Worker's, Soldier's and Peasant's Council
22 Feb 1919 - 8 Apr 1919 Ernst Karl August Niekisch
(b. 1889 - d. 1967) USPD
8 Apr 1918 - 12 Apr 1919 Ernst Toller
(b. 1893 - d. 1939) USPD
Chairmen of the Action Committee
13 Apr 1919 - 27 Apr 1919 Eugen Leviné-Niessen
(b. 1883 - d. 1919) KPD
27 Apr 1919 - 28 Apr 1919 Ernst Toller
(s.a.)
USPD
(Chairman of Provisional Presidium)
29 Apr 1919 - 1 May 1919 Rudolf Eglhofer
(b. 1896 - d. 1919) Mil
(Commander-in-Chief of the Army)
Berlin
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![[Berlin State Flag 1934-1954, East Berlin 1945-1956 (Germany)]](de_berl4.gif)
![[Civil Flag (Berlin, Germany)]](de-be_c.gif)
![[Berlin State Flag (also used as jack by state vessels) ]](de-be_s.gif)
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Population: 3,411,991 (2008) 4,013,588 (1925) East Berlin: 1,279,212 (1989) West Berlin: 2,013,000 (1987) |
1 Oct 1920
Separated from Brandenburg; Gross-Berlin (Greater Berlin)
(see under Prussian provinces; de facto
to 5 Aug 1944).
28 Apr 1945 - 3 Oct 1990 Allied occupation.
17 May 1945 Appointment of municipal government under occupational
authorities as Stadt Berlin (Berlin City).
20 Oct 1946 Renamed Gross-Berlin (Greater Berlin).
30 Nov 1948
Separate administrations for East and West Berlin.
West Berlin was not part of Federal Republic of Germany ("West
Germany") and remained under allied control, but was represented
in the federal
legislature and internationally represented
by
the West German government.
1 Oct 1950
Name changed from Gross-Berlin to Berlin (provision proclaiming
Berlin part of the Federal Republic of Germany
are included,
but become operational only on 3 Oct 1990).
3 Oct 1990
East and West Berlin are reunited and incorporated into the
Federal Republic as a state.
Lord mayors
2 May 1945 - 17 May 1945 Vacant
17 May 1945 - 10 Dec 1946 Arthur Werner
(b. 1877 - d. 1967) Non-party
10 Dec 1946 - 31 May 1947 Otto Ostrowski
(b. 1883 - d. 1963) SPD
31 May 1947 - 7 Dec 1948 Louise Dorothea Schroeder
(f) (b. 1887 - d. 1957) SPD
(acting [for Ostrowski from 8 May 1945])
14 Aug 1948 - 1 Dec 1948 Ferdinand Friedensburg
(b. 1886 - d. 1972) CDU
(acting for Schroeder)
7 Dec 1948 - 18 Jan 1951 Ernst Rudolf Johannes Reuter
(b. 1889 - d. 1953) SPD
Governing mayors
18 Jan 1951 - 29 Sep 1953 Ernst Rudolf Johannes Reuter
(s.a.)
SPD
30 Sep 1953 - 11 Jan 1955 Walther Schreiber
(b. 1884 - d. 1958) CDU
(acting to 22 Oct 1953)
11 Jan 1955 - 30 Aug 1957 Otto Suhr
(b. 1894 - d. 1957) SPD
30 Aug 1957 - 3 Oct 1957 Franz Amrehn (acting)
(b. 1912 - d. 1981) CDU
3 Oct 1957 - 1 Dec 1966 Willy Brandt
(b. 1913 - d. 1992) SPD
1 Dec 1966 - 19 Oct 1967 Heinrich Albertz
(b. 1915 - d. 1993) SPD
(acting to 14 Dec 1966)
19 Oct 1967 - 2 May 1977 Klaus Schütz
(b. 1926)
SPD
2 May 1977 - 23 Jan 1981 Dietrich Stobbe
(b. 1938)
SPD
23 Jan 1981 - 11 Jun 1981 Hans-Jochen Vogel
(b. 1926)
SPD
11 Jun 1981 - 9 Feb 1984 Richard von Weizsäcker
(b. 1920)
CDU
9 Feb 1984 - 16 Mar 1989 Eberhard Diepgen (1st time)
(b. 1941)
CDU
16 Mar 1989 - 24 Jan 1991 Walter Momper
(b. 1945)
SPD
24 Jan 1991 - 16 Jun 2001 Eberhard Diepgen (2nd time)
(s.a.)
CDU
16 Jun 2001 -
Klaus Wowereit
(b. 1953)
SPD
East Berlin
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![[East Berlin 1956-1990 (Germany)]](de_ber-o.gif)
30 Nov 1948
City government convened in Soviet sector, Berlin is partitioned
de facto into separate East and West Berlin.
7 Oct 1949
Gross-Berlin (Greater Berlin) becomes de facto capital and
is declared, contrary to international agreement,
to be
incorporated into German Democratic Republic ("East Germany")
(the western allies and the West Germany do not recognize
incorporation of East Berlin into East Germany).
1952
Becomes a district with special status.
7 Sep 1961
Officially declared a district
1977
Name changed from Gross-Berlin to Berlin; formally
declared
to be the capital of East Germany (not recognized
by
western allies or West Germany).
3 Oct 1990
Reunited with West Berlin as a state of the Federal
Republic of Germany.
First Secretaries of the Socialist Unity Party (SED)
21 Apr 1946 - 1948
Hermann Matern
(b. 1893 - d. 1971)
1948 - 1953
Hans Jendretzky
(b. 1897 - d. 1992)
1953 - 1957
Alfred Neumann
(b. 1909 - d. 2001)
1957 - 1959
Hans Kiefert
(b. 1905 - d. 1966)
1959 - May 1971
Paul Verner
(b. 1905 - d. 1986)
May 1971 - Nov 1985 Konrad
Neumann
(b. 1929 - d. 1992)
Nov 1985 - Nov 1989 Günter
Schabowski
(b. 1929)
Nov 1989 - 1989
Heinz Albrecht
(b. 1935)
Lord mayors
30 Nov 1948 - 5 Jul 1967 Friedrich Ebert
(b. 1894 - d. 1979) SED
(provisional to 17 Oct 1954)
5 Jul 1967 - 11 Feb 1974 Herbert Kurt Fechner
(b. 1913 - d. 1998) SED
11 Feb 1974 - 15 Feb 1990 Erhard Krack
(b. 1931 - d. 2000) SED;
15 Dec 1989: SED-PDS; 4 Feb 1990 PDS
Jan 1979 - 1980 Hannelore
Mensch (f)
(b. 1937) SED
(acting for Krack)
15 Feb 1990 - 23 Feb 1990 Ingrid Pankraz (f)(acting) (b. 1948)
PDS
23 Feb 1990 - 30 May 1990 Christian Matthias Wilhelm
(b. 1948)
PDS
Hartenhauer
30 May 1990 - 11 Jan 1991 Tino-Antoni Schwierzina
(b. 1927 - d. 2003) SPD
11
Jan 1991 - 24 Jan 1991 Thomas Krüger (acting)
(b. 1959)
SPD
Allied Occupation
28 Apr 1945
Soviet forces begin invasion of Berlin.
2 May 1945
Berlin surrenders to Soviet forces.
8 May 1945
Germany surrenders to the allies.
5 Jul 1945
British forces arrive.
11 Jul 1945
American and French forces arrive.
3 Oct 1990
After reunification of Germany, allied military sectors of
Berlin are dissolved.
![[US flag]](us.gif)
City commandants
4 Jul 1945 - 2 Sep 1945 Floyd L. Parks
(b. 1896 - d. 1959)
3 Sep 1945 - 10 Oct 1945 James M. Gavin
(b. 1907 - d. 1990)
11 Oct 1945 - 1 May 1946 Ray W. Barker
(b. 1889 - d. 1974)
1 May 1946 - 13 May 1947 Frank A. Keating
(b. 1895 - d. 1973)
14 May 1947 - 23 Sep 1947 Cornelius E. Ryan
(b. 1896 - d. 1972)
24 Sep 1947 - 30 Nov 1947 William Hesketh
(b. 1895 - d. 1986)
1 Dec 1947 - 31 Aug 1949 Frank Leo Howley
(b. 1903 - d. 1993)
31 Aug 1949 - 31 Jan 1951 Maxwell D. Taylor
(b. 1901 - d. 1987)
1 Feb 1951 - 2 Jan 1953 Lemuel Mathewson
(b. 1889 - d. 1970)
3 Jan 1953 - 4 Aug 1954 Thomas S. Timberman
(b. 1900 - d. 1989)
5 Aug 1954 - 9 Sep 1955 George B. Honnen
(b. 1897 - d. 1974)
10 Sep 1955 - 3 Jun 1957 Charles L. Dasher
(b. 1900 - d. 1968)
4 Jun 1957 - 15 Dec 1959 Barksdale Hamlett
(b. 1908 - d. 1979)
20 Dec 1959 - 3 May 1961 Ralph M. Osborne
4 May 1961 - 2 Jan 1963 Albert Watson II
(b. 1909 - d. 1993)
2 Jan 1963 - 31 Aug 1964 James H. Polk
(b. 1911 - d. 1972)
1 Sep 1964 - 3 Jun 1967 John F. Franklin, Jr.
3 Jun 1967 - 28 Feb 1970 Robert G. Fergusson
(b. 1911 - d. 2001)
28 Feb 1970 - 12 May 1971 George M. Seignious II
(b. 1921 - d. 2005)
12 May 1971 - 10 Jun 1974 William W. Cobb
10 Jun 1974 - 11 Aug 1975 Sam S. Walker
(b. 1925)
11 Aug 1975 - 7 Jun 1978 Joseph C. McDonough
7 Jun 1978 - 5 Jul 1981 Calvert P. Benedict
5 Jul 1981 - 27 Jun 1984 James G. Boatner
27 Jun 1984 - 1 Jun 1988 John H. Mitchell
1 Jun 1988 - 2 Oct 1990 Raymond E. Haddock
British Sector
City commandants
5 Jul 1945 - 30 Aug 1945 Lewis O. Lyne
(b. 1899 - d. 1970)
30 Aug 1945 - 13 Jun 1947 Eric P. Nares
(b. 1892 - d. 1947)
13 Jun 1947 - 23 Jan 1949 Edwin Otway Herbert
(b. 1901 - d. 1984)
23 Jan 1949 - 24 Oct 1951 Geoffrey K. Bourne
(b. 1902 - d. 1982)
24 Oct 1951 - 13 Mar 1954 Cyril Frederick Charles Coleman
(b. 1903 - d. 1974)
13 Mar 1954 - 30 Apr 1955 William Pasfield Oliver
(b. 1901 - d. 1981)
1 May 1955 - 6 Feb 1956 Robert Charles Cottrell-Hill
(b. 1903 - d. 1965)
26 Mar 1956 - 20 Mar 1959 Francis David Rome
(b. 1905 - d. 1985)
23 Mar 1959 - 3 May 1962 Rohan Delacombe
(b. 1906 - d. 1991)
(from 1961, Sir Rohan Delacombe)
May 1962 - Dec 1962 Claude Ian Hurley Dunbar
(b. 1909 - d. 1971)
Dec 1962 - Jan 1966 David
Peel-Yates
(b. 1911 - d. 1978)
Feb 1966 - Feb 1968 Sir
John Nelson
(b. 1912 - d. 1993)
Mar 1968 - Nov 1970 F. James
C. Bowes-Lyon
(b. 1917 - d. 1977)
Nov 1970 - Jul 1973 Alan
Cathcart, Earl Cathcart (b. 1919 -
d. 1999)
Aug 1973 - Nov 1975 David W.
Scott-Barrett
(b. 1922 - d. 2004)
Nov 1975 - Jan 1978 Roy
M.F. Redgrave
(b. 1925)
Jan 1978 - Sep 1980 Robert
F. Richardson
(b. 1929)
Sep 1980 - Oct 1983 J. David
Frederick Mostyn
(b. 1928)
Oct 1983 - Dec 1985 B.C.
Gordon Lennox
(b. 1932)
Dec 1985 - Jan 1989 Patrick
G. Brooking
(b. 1937)
1989 - 1990
Robert J.S. Corbett
(b. 1940)
French Sector
City commandants
11 Jul 1945 - 12 Mar 1946 Geoffroi du Bois de Beauchesne
(b. 1883 - d. 1957)
12 Mar 1946 - 4 Oct 1946 Charles Lancon
(b. 1890 - d. 1956)
4 Oct 1946 - 5 Oct 1950 Jean Ganeval
(b. 1894 - d. 1981)
1 Oct 1950 - 31 Dec 1952 Pierre Carolet
1 Jan 1953 - 31 Dec 1954 Pierre Mançeaux-Démiau
1 Jan 1955 - 30 Sep 1958 Amédée J.B.
Gèze
(b. 1898 - d. 1988)
1 Oct 1958 - 25 Feb 1962 Jean Lacomme
1962 - 1964 Édouard Toulouse
1964 - 1967
François Binoche
(b. 1911 - d. 1997)
1967 - 1970
Bernard Huchet de Quénetain
1970 - 1973
Maurice Routier
1973 - 1975
Camille Metzler
1975 - 1977
Jacques Mangin
1977 - 1980
Bernard d'Astorg
(b. 1921)
1980 - 1984
Jean P. Liron
1984 - 1985
Olivier Le Taillendier de Gabory
1985 - 1987
Paul Cavarrot
1987 - 1990
François Cann
(b. 1932?)
Soviet Sector
![[Flag of USSR]](su.gif)
City commandants
2 May 1945 - 16 Jun 1945 Nikolay Erastovich Berzarin
(b. 1904 - d. 1945)
17 Jun 1945 - 19 Nov 1945 Aleksandr Vasilyevich Gorbatov
(b. 1891 - d. 1973)
19 Nov 1945 - 1 Apr 1946 Dmitry Sergeyevich Smirnov
(b. 1901)
1 Apr 1946 - 7 Jun 1950 Aleksandr Georgiyevich
Kotikov (b. 1902 - d. 1981)
7 Jun 1950 - Apr 1953 Sergey Alekseyevich Dengin (b. 1900 - d. 1989)
Apr 1953 - 23 Jun 1956 Pyotr Akimovich Dibrova (b. 1901 - d. 1971)
28 Jun 1956 - 26 Feb 1958 Andrey Chamov
26 Feb 1958 - 9 May 1961 Matvey Vasilyevich Zakharov
(b. 1898 - d. 1972)
9 May 1961 - 22 Aug 1962 Andrey Soloviev
22 Aug 1962 - 31 May 1971 Helmut Poppe
(b. 1926 - d. 1979)
1 Jun 1971 - 31 Aug 1978 Artur Kunath
(b. 1914)
1 Sep 1978 - 31 Dec 1989 Karl-Heinz Drews
(b. 1929)
1 Jan 1989 - 30 Sep 1990 Wolfgang Dombrowski
(b. 1925 - d. 2005)
30 Sep 1990 - 2 Oct 1990 Detlef Wendorf
Brandenburg
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![[Brandenburg (Germany), October-December 1945]](de-bb45.gif)
![[State Flag 1945-1952 (Brandenburg, Germany)]](de_br-l3.gif)
![[Brandenburg (Germany)]](de-br.gif)
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"Märkische Heide, märkischer Sand" Adopted 1990 (unofficial) |
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21 Jul 1947
Former Prussian province of Brandenburg becomes a state.
7 Oct 1949
Part of the German Democratic Republic.
23 Jul 1952
State dissolved into districts (Potsdam,
Frankfurt,
and Cottbus).
3 Oct 1990
Reconstituted as state of the Federal Republic of Germany.
First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party
21 Apr 1946 - 23 Jul 1952 Willy Sägebrecht
(b. 1904 - d. 1981)
President of the provisional administration
4 Jul 1945 - 20 Dec 1946 Karl Steinhoff
(b. 1892 - d. 1981) SPD
Minister-presidents
20 Dec 1946 - 5 Dec 1949 Karl Steinhoff
(s.a.)
SPD;
21 Apr 1946: SED
5 Dec 1949 - 23 Jul 1952 Rudi Jahn
(b. 1906 - d. 1990) SED
3
Oct 1990 - 1 Nov 1990 Jochen Wolf
(b. 1941)
SPD
(Landesbevollmächtigter)
1
Nov 1990 - 26 Jun 2002 Manfred Stolpe
(b. 1935)
SPD
26 Jun 2002 -
Matthias Platzeck
(b. 1953)
SPD
Bremen
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![[State Flag with 'Middle' Arms (Bremen, Germany)]](de-hb_s1.gif)
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"Der Bremer Schluessel" (The Key of Bremen) |
450,000 (1939) |
6 Nov 1813
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen.
10 Jan 1919 - 4 Feb 1919 Independent Socialist-Communist
Republic of Bremen
(Bremer Räterepublik).
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
First Mayor
1 Jan 1918 - 10 Jan 1919 Hermann Christian Ferdinand
(b. 1849 - d. 1939) DDP
Hildebrand
Chairman of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council
14 Nov 1918 - 10 Jan 1919 Alfred Henke (b. 1868 - d. 1946) USPD
10 Jan 1919 - 4 Feb 1919 Rat der Volksbeauftragten
- Alfred Henke
(s.a.)
USPD
- Adam Frasunkiewicz
USPD
- Johann Knief
(b. 1880 - d. 1919) KPD
- Karl
Jannack
(b. 1891 - d. 1968) SPD
First Mayors
4
Feb 1919 - Dec 1920 Karl Deichmann
(b. 1863 - d. 1940) SPD
(provisional to 10 Apr 1919)
Dec 1920 - 18 Mar 1933 Martin Donatus Ferdinand
Donandt (b. 1852 - d. 1937) Non-party
18 Mar 1933 - 23 Oct 1934 Richard Markert
(b. 1891 - d. 1957) NSDAP
(Reichskommissar 6 Mar - 13 May 1933)
5 May 1933 - 15 May 1942 Karl Röver (Reichsstatthalter)
(b. 1889 - d. 1942) NSDAP
23 Oct 1934 - 22 Jun 1937 Karl Hermann Otto Heider
(b. 1896 - d. 1960) NSDAP
22 Jun 1937 - 16 Jun 1944 Johann Heinrich Böhmcker
(b. 1896 - d. 1944) NSDAP
27 May 1942 - Apr 1945 Paul Wegener (Reichsstatthalter)
(b. 1908 - d. 1993) NSDAP
Jun 1944 - 26 Apr 1945 Richard Duckwitz
(b. 1886 - d. 1972) NSDAP
26 Apr 1945 - 30 Apr 1945 Johannes Schroers (acting)
NSDAP
Governing mayor
4 May 1945 - 1 Aug 1945 Erich Vagts
(b. 1896 - d. 1981) Non-party
Mayors and Presidents of the Senate
1 Aug 1945 - 20 Jul 1965 Wilhelm Kaisen
(b. 1887 - d. 1979) SPD
20 Jul 1965 - 28 Nov 1967 Willy Dehnkamp
(b. 1903 - d. 1985) SPD
28 Nov 1967 - 18 Sep 1985 Hans Koschnick
(b. 1929)
SPD
18 Sep 1985 - 4 Jul 1995 Klaus Wedemeier
(b. 1944)
SPD
4 Jul 1995 - 8 Nov 2005 Henning Scherf
(b. 1938)
SPD
8 Nov 2005 -
Jens Böhrnsen
(b. 1949)
SPD
Brunswick (Braunschweig)
![[Republic of Brunswick 1922-1935 (Germany)]](de-bs830.gif)
6 Jan 1922 - 15 Sep 1935; 1945 - 1946
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(Braunschweig) |
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8 Nov 1918
Free State of Brunswick (Braunschweig).
9 Dec 1946
Part of Niedersachsen.
President
10 Nov 1918 - 22 Feb 1919 August Ernst Reinhold Merges
(b. 1870 - d. 1945) USPD
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissioners
10 Nov 1918 - 17 Apr 1919 Sepp Oerter
(b. 1870 - d. 1928) USPD
(de facto [most powerful member])
Chairman of the Cabinet
17 Apr 1919 - 21 Oct 1919 Heinrich Otto Jasper
(b. 1875 - d. 1945) SPD
Minister-presidents
21 Oct 1919 - 22 Jun 1920 Heinrich Otto Jasper (1st time)
(s.a.)
SPD
22 Jun 1920 - 25 Nov 1921 Sepp Oerter
(s.a.)
USPD
25 Nov 1921 - 23 Mar 1922 August Junke
(b. 1886 - d. 1926) USPD
23 Mar 1922 - 23 May 1922 Otto Friedrich Wilhelm Antrick
(b. 1858 - d. 1924) SPD
23 May 1922 - 24 Dec 1924 Heinrich Otto Jasper (2nd time)
(s.a.)
SPD
24 Dec 1924 - 14 Dec 1927 Gerhard Marquordt
(b. 1881 - d. 1950) Non-party
14 Dec 1927 - 1 Oct 1930 Heinrich Otto Jasper (3rd
time) (s.a.)
SPD
1 Oct 1930 - 5 May 1933 Werner Küchenthal
(b. 1882 - d. 1976) DNVP
5 May 1933 - 12 Apr 1945 Dietrich Klagges
(b. 1891 - d. 1971) NSDAP
5 May 1933 - 23 Oct 1935 Friedrich Wilhelm Loeper
(b. 1883 - d. 1935) NSDAP
(Reichsstatthalter)
Oct 1935 - Apr 1937 Fritz
Sauckel
(b. 1894 - d. 1946) NSDAP
(acting Reichsstatthalter)
Apr 1937 - 1945?
Rudolf Jordan (Reichsstatthalter) (b. 1902 - d. 1988)
NSDAP
Minister-presidents
May 1945 - Jan 1946 Hubert
Schlebusch
(b. 1893 - d. 1955) SPD
Jan 1946 - 9 Dec 1946 Alfred Kubel
(b. 1909 - d. 1999) SPD
Danzig-West Prussia 1939-1945:
see under Poland
Hamburg
|
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![[Hamburg (Germany)]](de-hh.gif)
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"Heil über dir Hammonia" |
1,712,000 (1939) |
20 Dec 1819
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
1 Apr 1938
Hanseatic City of Hamburg
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
First mayor
1 Jan 1918 - 12 Nov 1918 Werner von Melle (2nd time)
(b. 1853 - d. 1937) Non-party
Chairmen of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council
12 Nov 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Heinrich Laufenberg
(b. 1872 - d. 1932) KDP
11
Jan 1919 - 31 Mar 1919 Karl Hense
(b. 1871 - d. 1946) SPD
First mayors
31 Mar 1919 - 31 Dec 1919 Werner von Melle (3rd time)
(b. 1853 - d. 1937) Non-party
1 Jan 1920 - 2 Feb 1920 Gustav Friedrich Carl
Johann (b. 1856 - d. 1931) Non-party
Sthamer
2 Feb 1920 - 3 Jan 1924 Arnold Friedrich Georg
Diestel (b. 1857 - d. 1924) DDP
9 Jan 1924 - 31 Dec 1929 Carl Wilhelm Petersen (1st
time) (b. 1868 - d. 1933) DDP
1 Jan 1930 - 31 Dec 1931 Rudolf Adolf Wilhelm Ross
(b. 1872 - d. 1951) SPD
1 Jan 1932 - 8 Mar 1933 Carl Wilhelm Petersen
(2nd time) (s.a.)
DDP
8 Mar 1933 - 30 Jul 1936 Carl Vincent Krogmann
(b. 1889 - d. 1978) NSDAP
(from 18 May 1933, Governing Mayor)
30 Jul 1936 - 3 May 1945 Karl Otto Kurt Kaufmann
(b. 1900 - d. 1969) NSDAP
(also Reichsstatthalter 16 May 1933 - 3 May 1945)
15 May 1945 - 22 Nov 1946 Rudolf Petersen
(b. 1879 - d. 1962) Non-party
22 Nov 1946 - 2 Dec 1953 Max Brauer (1st time)
(b. 1887 - d. 1973) SPD
2 Dec 1953 - 4 Dec 1957 Kurt Sieveking
(b. 1897 - d. 1986) CDU
4 Dec 1957 - 1 Jan 1961 Max Brauer (2nd time)
(s.a.)
SPD
1 Jan 1961 - 9 Jun 1965 Paul Nevermann
(b. 1902 - d. 1979) SPD
9 Jun 1965 - 16 Jun 1971 Herbert Weichmann
(b. 1896 - d. 1983) SPD
16 Jun 1971 - 12 Nov 1974 Peter Schulz
(b. 1930)
SPD
12 Nov 1974 - 24 Jun 1981 Hans-Ulrich Klose
(b. 1937)
SPD
24 Jun 1981 - 8 Jun 1988 Klaus von Dohnanyi
(b. 1928)
SPD
8 Jun 1988 - 12 Nov 1997 Henning Voscherau
(b. 1941)
SPD
12 Nov 1997 - 31 Oct 2001 Ortwin Runde
(b. 1944)
SPD
31 Oct 2001 -
Ole von Beust
(b. 1955)
CDU
Hannover
-
![[Hanover (Germany)]](de-ni-ha.gif)
- 5 Dec 1945 - 9 Dec 1946
23 Aug 1946 Former Prussian province made Free State of Hannover.
9 Dec 1946 Part of Niedersachsen.
Oberpräsident
12 Jul 1945 - 21 Aug 1946 August Josef Hagemann
(b. 1875 - d. 1950) CDU
Minister-president
23 Aug 1946 - 9 Dec 1946 Heinrich Wilhelm Kopf
(b. 1893 - d. 1961) SPD
![[Civil Ensign 1923-1935 (Hesse, Germany)]](de-he_c.gif) |
|
![[State Flag (Hesse, Germany)]](de-he_s.gif)
|
(to 1945 Darmstadt) |
"Hessenlied" Adopted 1949? |
1,469,000 (1939) |
2 Mar 1919
People's State of Hesse (Volksstaates Hessen).
19 Sep 1945
Land Hesse(-Darmstadt)(without administrative district of
Rheinhessen) was merged with the greater part
of Prussian
provinces of Kurhessen and Nassau to form Gross-Hessen.
1 Dec 1946
Renamed Hessen (or Land Hesse).
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Minister-president
11 Nov 1918 - 2 Mar 1919 Karl Ulrich
(b. 1853 - d. 1933) SPD
State presidents
2 Mar 1919 - 14 Feb 1928 Karl Ulrich
(s.a.)
SPD
14 Feb 1928 - 13 Mar 1933 Bernhard Adelung
(b. 1876 - d. 1943) SPD
13 Mar 1933 - May 1933 Heinrich Joseph
Philipp Müller (b. 1896 - d. 1945)
May 1933 - 23 Sep 1933 Ferdinand Werner
(b. 1876 - d. 1961) NSDAP
23 Sep 1933 - 1 Mar 1935 Philipp Wilhelm Jung
(b. 1884 - d. 1965) NSDAP
1 Mar 1935 - Mar 1945 Jakob Sprenger
(b. 1884 - d. 1945) NSDAP
(also Reichsstatthalter 5 May 1933 - Mar 1945)
Mar 1945
Reiner (acting)
14 Apr 1945 - 19 Sep 1945 Ludwig Bergsträsser (acting)
(b. 1883 - d. 1960) Non-party
Minister-presidents
19 Sep 1945 - 16 Oct 1945 Ludwig Bergsträsser
(s.a.)
Non-party
16 Oct 1945 - 20 Dec 1946 Karl Hermann Geiler
(b. 1878 - d. 1953) Non-party
20 Dec 1946 - 14 Dec 1950 Christian Stock
(b. 1884 - d. 1967) SPD
14 Dec 1950 - 3 Oct 1969 Georg August Zinn
(b. 1901 - d. 1976) SPD
3 Oct 1969 - 12 Oct 1976 Albert Osswald
(b. 1919 - d. 1996) SPD
12 Oct 1976 - 23 Apr 1987 Holger Börner
(b. 1931 - d. 2006) SPD
23 Apr 1987 - 5 Apr 1991 Walter Wallmann
(b. 1932)
CDU
5 Apr 1991 - 7 Apr 1999 Hans Eichel
(b. 1941)
SPD
7 Apr 1999 -
Roland Koch
(b. 1958)
CDU
Lippe (-Detmold)
-
![[Civil and State Flag c.1880-1935 (Lippe, Germany)]](de-li880.gif)
- 1918 - 15 Sep 1935, 1946 - 21 Jan 1947
|
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"Altes Soldatenlied aus den Befreiungskriegen" |
|
12 Nov 1918
Free State of Lippe (-Detmold)
21 Jan 1947
Part of Nordrhein-Westfalen.
First Chairman People's and Soldiers Council
Nov 1918 - 13 Feb 1919 Clemens Becker
(b. 1869 - d. 1961) SPD
Chairmen of State Presidium
13 Feb 1919 - 17 Dec 1920 Clemens Becker
(s.a.)
SPD
17 Dec 1920 - 8 Jun 1921 Heinrich Hermann Drake (1st
time) (b. 1881 - d. 1970) SPD
8 Jun 1921 - 14 Jun 1921 Wilhelm Meier
SPD
(chairman State Committee)
14 Jun 1921 - 7 Feb 1933 Heinrich Hermann Drake (2nd
time) (s.a.)
SDP
(from 1932, president of the state government)
Ministers of state
7 Feb 1933 - 23 May 1933 Ernst Krappe
NSDAP
23 May 1933 - 1936
Hans Joachim Riecke
(b. 1899 - d. 19..) NSDAP
16 May 1933 - Apr 1945
Alfred Meyer
(b. 1891 - d. 1945) NSDAP
(also Reichsstatthalter 16 May 1933 - 4 Apr 1945)
State president
9 May 1946 - 21 Jan 1947 Heinrich Hermann Drake
(s.a.)
SPD
Lübeck
-
![[State Flag of Lübeck, 1900]](de_lub4.gif)
- 19 Nov 1890 - 15 Sep 1935 State Flag
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1813
Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck
1 Apr 1937
Part of Prussia.
Presiding mayors
1 Jan 1917 - 1920
Emil Ferdinand Fehling
(b. 1847 - d. 1927) Non-party
1920 - 1926
Johann Martin Andreas Neumann (b. 1865 - d. 1928) Non-party
1926 - May 1933
Paul B. Heinrich Löwigt
(b. 1873 - d. 1934) SDP
May 1933 - 31 Mar 1937 Otto Heinrich Drechsler
(b. 1895 - d. 1945) NSDAP
26 May 1933 - 31 Mar 1937 Friedrich Hildebrandt
(b. 1898 - d. 1948) NSDAP
(Reichsstatthalter)
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania)
|
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![[Mecklenburg (Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania, Germany)]](de-meck2.gif)
![[State Flag (Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Germany)]](de-mv_s.gif)
- 14 Nov 1918 Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the Free State of
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
- 1 Jan 1934 Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz united (Mecklenburg).
- 9 Jul 1945 Mecklenburg and part of the Prussian province of Pomerania
- merged as Mecklenburg.
- 31 Jul 1945 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
- 1 Mar 1947 Mecklenburg
- 7 Oct 1949 Part of the German Democratic Republic.
- 23 Jul 1952 State dissolved into districts (Schwerin, Rostock,
- and Neubrandenburg).
- 3 Oct 1990 Reconstituted as Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,
- state of the Federal Republic of Germany.
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|
900,000 (1939) |
![[Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1863-1934 (Germany)]](de-mv-me.gif)
1918 - 31 Dec 1933 Civil flag |
![[Mecklenburg-Schwerin merchant flag (Germany)]](de-rk695.gif)
1918 - 31 Dec 1933 Merchant flag |
|
Mecklenburg |
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President of the state ministry
9 Nov 1918 - 1919
Hugo Wendorff
(b. 1864 - d. 1945) DDP
Minister-presidents
1919 - 28 Jul 1920
Hugo Wendorff
(s.a.)
DDP
28 Jul 1920 - 14 Jan 1921 Hermann Reincke-Bloch
(b. 1867 - d. 1928) DVP
14 Jan 1921 - 18 Mar 1924 Johannes Stelling
(b. 1877 - d. 1933) SPD
18 Mar 1924 - 8 Jul 1926 Joachim Freiherr von Brandenstein
(b. 1864 - d. 1941) DNVP
8 Jul 1926 - 10 Jul 1929 Paul Schröder
(b. 1875 - d. 1932) SPD
10 Jul 1929 - 13 Jul 1932 Karl Eschenburg
(b. 1877 - d. 1943) CNM
13 Jul 1932 - 10 Aug 1933 Walter Granzow
(b. 1887 - d. 1952) NSDAP
10 Aug 1933 - 31 Dec 1933 Hans Egon Engell
(b. 1897 - d. 1974) NSDAP
26 May 1933 - 31 Dec 1933 Friedrich Hildebrandt
(b. 1898 - d. 1948) NSDAP
(Reichsstatthalter)
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
24 May 1923 - 31 Dec 1933
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Chairmen of the state ministry
11 Nov 1918 - 7 Jan 1919 Peter Franz Stubmann
(b. 1876 - d. 1962) DDP
7 Jan 1919 - 13 Oct 1919 Hans Krüger
(b. 1884 - d. 1933) SPD
Ministers of state
13 Oct 1919 - 2 Aug 1923 Kurt Gustav Hans Otto
(b. 1877 - d. 1937) SPD
Freiherr von Reibnitz (1st time)
2 Aug 1923 - 13 Mar 1928 Karl Schwabe
(b. 1877 - d. 1938) DNVP
13 Mar 1928 - 12 Apr 1929 Kurt Gustav Hans Otto
(s.a.)
SPD
Freiherr von Reibnitz (2nd time)
12 Apr 1929 - 16 Apr 1929 Kurt Häntzschel (Reichskommissar)
(b. 1889 - d. 19..)
16 Apr 1929 - 4 Dec 1931 Kurt Gustav Hans Otto
(s.a.)
SPD
Freiherr von Reibnitz (3rd time)
4 Dec 1931 - 27 May 1933 Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand
(b. 1888 - d. 1942) DNVP
von Michael
27 May 1933 - 31 Dec 1933 Fritz Stichtenoth
(b. 1895 - d. 1935) NSDAP
26 May 1933 - 31 Dec 1933 Friedrich Hildebrandt
(b. 1989 - d. 1948) NSDAP
(Reichsstatthalter)
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania)
First Secretaries of the Socialist Unity Party
21 Apr 1946 - 28 Jul 1951 Kurt Bürger
(b. 1894 - d. 1951)
1951 - 1952
Karl Mewis
(b. 1907 - d. 1987)
Minister-presidents
1 Jan 1934 - 25 Oct 1934 Hans Egon Engell
(s.a.)
NSDAP
25 Oct 1934 - May 1945 Friedrich Scharf
(b. 1897 - d. 1974) NSDAP
1 Jan 1934 - 1 May 1945 Friedrich Hildebrandt
(b. 1898 - d. 1948) NSDAP
(Reichsstatthalter)
Leaders of the State Administration
May 1945
Hans Jess (1st time)
(b. 1887 - d. 1975) CDU
May 1945 - 18 Jun 1945 Eduard Friedrich
Stratmann (b. 1875
- d. 1952) LDP
18 Jun 1945 - Jun 1945 Hans Jess (2nd time)
(s.a.)
CDU
Jun 1945 - 9 Jul 1945 Reinhold Lobedanz
(b. 1880 - d. 1955) CDU
President of the State Administration
9 Jul 1945 - 31 Jul 1945 Wilhelm Höcker
(b. 1886 - d. 1955) SPD
President
31 Jul 1945 - 9 Dec 1946 Wilhelm Höcker
(s.a.) SPD;22 Apr 1946: SED
Minister-presidents
9 Dec 1946 - 20 Jul 1951 Wilhelm Höcker
(s.a.)
SED
20 Jul 1951 - 30 Jul 1951 Kurt Bürger
(s.a.)
SED
30 Jul 1951 - 23 Jul 1952 Bernhard Quandt
(b. 1903 - d. 1999) SED
3
Oct 1990 - 27 Oct 1990 Martin Brick
(b. 1939)
CDU
(Landesbevollmächtigter)
27 Oct
1990 - 19 Mar 1992 Alfred Gomolka
(b. 1942)
CDU
19 Mar 1992
- 3 Nov 1998 Berndt Seite
(b. 1940)
CDU
3 Nov 1998 - 6 Oct 2008 Harald Ringstorff
(b. 1939)
SPD
6 Oct 2008 - Erwin
Sellering (b. 1949)
SPD
Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony)
![[Niedersachsen unofficial flag 1946-52]](de-ni1.gif) 1946 - 13 Oct 1953 Unofficial |
|
![[Lower Saxony (Germany)]](de-ni.gif)
|
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State Anthem "Niedersachsenlied" (unofficial) |
|
9 Dec 1946
Constituted by the merger of Braunschweig, Oldenburg,
and Hannover.
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Minister-presidents
9 Dec 1946 - 26 May 1955 Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf
(b. 1893 - d. 1961) SPD
(1st time)
26 May 1955 - 12 May 1959 Heinrich Hellwege
(b. 1908 - d. 1991) DP
12 May 1959 - 21 Dec 1961 Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf
(s.a.)
SPD
(2nd time)
29 Dec 1961 - 8 Jul 1970 Georg Diederichs
(b. 1900 - d. 1983) SPD
8 Jul 1970 - 6 Feb 1976 Alfred Kubel
(b. 1909 - d. 1999) SPD
6 Feb 1976 - 21 Jun 1990 Ernst Albrecht
(b. 1930)
CDU
21 Jun 1990 - 28 Oct 1998 Gerhard Schröder
(b. 1944)
SPD
28 Oct 1998 - 15 Oct 1999 Gerhard Glogowski
(b. 1943)
SPD
15 Oct 1999 - 4 Mar 2003 Sigmar Gabriel
(b. 1959)
SPD
4 Mar 2003 -
Christian Wulff
(b. 1959)
CDU
Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia)
-
![[State Flag (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)]](de-nw_s.gif)
- Adopted 10 Mar 1953 (in use from 1948)
|
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"Westfalenlied" (Song of Westfalia) (unofficial) |
|
23 Aug 1946
Former Prussian provinces of Westfalen and the northern
part of Rheinland (Nordrhein) merged to form
state of
Nordrhein-Westfalen.
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Minister-presidents
23 Aug 1946 - 16 Jun 1947 Rudolf Amelunxen
(b. 1888 - d. 1969) Non-party
1947: Z
17 Jun 1947 - 20 Feb 1956 Karl Arnold
(b. 1901 - d. 1958) CDU
20 Feb 1956 - 21 Jul 1958 Fritz Steinhoff
(b. 1897 - d. 1969) SPD
21 Jul 1958 - 8 Dec 1966 Franz Meyers
(b. 1908 - d. 2002) CDU
8 Dec 1966 - 20 Sep 1978 Heinz Kühn
(b. 1912 - d. 1992) SPD
20 Sep 1978 - 27 May 1998 Johannes Rau
(b. 1931 - d. 2006) SPD
27 May 1998 - 22 Oct 2002 Wolfgang Clement
(b. 1940)
SPD
22 Oct 2002 - 6 Nov 2002 Michael Vesper (acting)
(b. 1952)
Grn
6 Nov 2002 - 22 Jun 2005 Peer Steinbrück
(b. 1947)
SPD
22 Jun 2005 -
Jürgen Rüttgers
(b. 1951)
CDU
Nordrhein (North Rhine)
20 Jun 1945
Nordrhein province formed from northern part of Prussian
province of Rheinland.
Oberpräsidenten
4 Jul 1945 - 2 Oct 1945 Hans Fuchs
(b. 1874 - d. 1956)
2 Oct 1945 - 24 Jul 1946 Robert Lehr
(b. 1883 - d. 1956) CDU
Westfalen (Westphalia)
-
![[Westphalia 1945-1946 (Germany)]](de-westp.gif)
- 21 Dec 1945 - 24 Jul 1946
7 Jun 1945 - 23 Aug 1946 Rudolf Amelunxen (s.a.) Non-party
Oldenburg
-
![[Flag of Oldenburg]](de-ol848.gif)
-
3 Oct 1919 - 15 Sep 1935
|
|
"Heil dir, o Oldenburg!" |
|
11 Nov 1918 Free State of Oldenburg
7 Sep 1919 Incorporation of Birkenfeld.
9 Dec 1946 Part of Niedersachsen.
President of the Directory
14 Nov 1918 - 21 Jun 1919 Bernhard Kuhnt
(b. 1877 - d. 1946) USPD
Minister-presidents
21 Jun 1919 - 17 Apr 1923 Theodor Johann Tantzen (1st time) (b. 1877 - d. 1947) DDP
17 Apr 1923 - 13 Jul 1930 Eugen von Finckh
(b. 1860 - d. 1930) Non-party
14 Dec 1930 - 16 Jun 1932 Friedrich Cassebohm
(b. 1872 - d. 1951) Non-party
16 Jun 1932 - 6 May 1933 Carl Röver
(b. 1889 - d. 1942) NSDAP
(also Reichsstatthalter 5 May 1933 - 15 May 1942)
6 May 1933 - Apr 1945 Georg Joel
(b. 1898 - d. 1981) NSDAP
27 May 1942 - Apr 1945 Paul Wegener (Reichsstatthalter)
(b. 1908 - d. 1993) NSDAP
Apr 1945 - 9 Dec 1946
Theodor Johann Tantzen (2nd time)
(s.a.) FDP
Birkenfeld
14 Jul 1919
Land of Birkenfeld (part of Oldenburg).
7 Sep 1919
Re-incorporated into Oldenburg.
31 Mar 1937
Incorporated into Prussia (part of Rhein province).
Heads of the provincial government for Oldenburg
29 Nov 1917 - 15 Jun 1919 Hermann Gerhard Pralle (acting)
(b. 1863 - d. 1939)
15 Jun 1919 - 30 Aug 1919 Konrad Wilhelm Heinrich Hartong
(b. 1861 - d. 1931)
(acting)
14 Jul 1919 - 30 Aug 1919 Rudolf Schmeyer
Head of state
30 Aug 1919 - 7 Sep 1919 Ludwig Zöller
Heads of the provincial government for Oldenburg
7 Sep 1919 - 31 Oct 1923 Walther Hugo Dörr (1st
time) (b. 1879 -
d. 1964)
(acting to 14 Feb 1920)
31 Oct 1923 - 15 Jan 1924 Karl Nieten (acting)
(b. 1883 - d. 1957)
15 Jan 1924 - 21 Oct 1932 Walther Hugo Dörr (2nd time)
(s.a.)
21 Oct 1932 - 31 Mar 1937 Herbert Wilhelm Wild
(b. 1886 - d. 1969)
(acting to 1933)
Prussia
|
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![[Prussia]](de-pruss.gif)
![[State Flag 1922-1935 (Prussia, Germany)]](de_pr-sv.gif)
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9 Nov 1918
Free State of Prussia (Freistaat Prussen).
Apr 1945
End of central Prussian government.
25 Feb 1947
Allied Control Commission declares Prussia dissolved.
Presidents of the Government
9 Nov 1918 - 11 Nov 1918 Friedrich Ebert
(b. 1871 - d. 1925) SPD
11 Nov 1918 - 25 Mar 1919 Paul Hirsch
(b. 1868 - d. 1940) SPD
Presidents of the State's Ministry
25 Mar 1919 - 27 Mar 1920 Paul Hirsch
(s.a.)
SPD
13 Mar 1920 - 17 Mar 1920 Wolfgang Kapp -Minister-president
(b. 1858 - d. 1922) ADV
(in rebellion)
27 Mar 1920 - 21 Apr 1921 Otto Braun
(b. 1872 - d. 1955) SPD
Minister-presidents
21 Apr 1921 - 5 Nov 1921 Adam Stegerwald
(b. 1874 - d. 1945) Z
5 Nov 1921 - 18 Feb 1925 Otto Braun (1st time)
(s.a.)
SPD
18 Feb 1925 - 6 Apr 1925 Wilhelm Marx
(b. 1863 - d. 1946) Z
6 Apr 1925 - 10 Apr 1933 Otto Braun (2nd time)
(s.a.)
SDP
(from 20 Jul 1932, in opposition
to the Reichskommissar)
6 Jun 1932 - 20 Jul 1932 Heinrich Hirtsiefer
(b. 1876 - d. 1941) Z
(acting for Braun)
20 Jul 1932 - 3 Dec 1932 Franz von Papen (1st time)
(b. 1879 - d. 1969) Z
(Reichskommissar)
3 Dec 1932 - 28 Jan 1933 Kurt von Schleicher
(b. 1882 - d. 1934) Non-party
(Reichskommissar)
30 Jan 1933 - 10 Apr 1933 Franz von Papen (2nd time)
(s.a.)
DNVP
(Reichskommissar)
10 Apr 1933 - 24 Apr 1945 Hermann Göring
(b. 1893 - d. 1946) NSDAP
25 Apr 1933 - 30 Apr 1945 Adolf Hitler (Reichsstatthalter)
(b. 1889 - d. 1945) NSDAP
- Prussia: Provinces to 1946
Reuss
|
![[People's Republic of Reuss]](de-thu21.gif)
1 May 1920 Part of Thüringen.
Ministers of state
17 Apr 1919 - 1 May 1920 Karl Eduard Emil Franz Moritz
(b. 1875 - d. 1946)
Freiherr von Brandenstein
+ William Oberländer
(b. 1869 - d. 19..) DDP
Reuss Junior Line (Reuss-Gera)
-
![[Reuss]](de-re-mi.gif)
- 1918 - 17 Apr 1919
Nov 1918
Free State of Reuss Junior Line (Freistaat Reuss Jüngere Linie).
17 Apr 1919
Two lines united as People's State of Reuss.
Leading minister of state
10 Nov 1918 - 17 Apr 1919 Karl Eduard Emil Franz Moritz
(s.a.)
Freiherr von Brandenstein
Reuss Senior Line (Reuss-Greiz)
-
- 1918 - 17 Apr 1919
Nov 1918
Free State of Reuss Senior Line (Freistaat Reuss Ältere Linie).
17 Apr 1919
Two lines united as People's State of Reuss.
Leading minister of state
Nov 1918 - 17 Apr 1919 William Oberländer
(s.a.)
FP
Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate)
![[Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany)]](de-rp.gif)
Adopted 10 May 1948
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15 Jun 1945
Rheinland-Hessen-Nassau province is formed by merger of the
southern part of the Prussian province Rheinland
and western
parts of the Prussian province Hessen.
13 Jul 1945
Pfalz (Palatinate) district of Bavaria and the Rheinhessen
district of Hessen(-Darmstadt) are merged to
form
Hessen-Pfalz province.
15 Oct 1945
Hessen-Pfalz dissolved; Rheinhessen district becomes part of
Rheinland-Hessen-Nassau, the remaining part
is now called
upper-administrative district Pfalz.
1 Dec 1946
Rheinland-Hessen-Nassau and Pflaz are merged to form the state
of Rheinland-Pfalz.
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Minister-presidents
19 Nov 1945 - 9 Jul 1947 Wilhelm Boden
(b. 1890 - d. 1961) CDU
(Oberpräsident of Rhineland-Hessen-Nassau to 1 Dec 1946)
9 Jul 1947 - 19 May 1969 Peter Altmeier
(b. 1899 - d. 1977) CDU
19 May 1969 - 2 Dec 1976 Helmut Kohl
(b. 1930)
CDU
2 Dec 1976 - 8 Dec 1988 Bernhard Vogel
(b. 1932)
CDU
8 Dec 1988 - 21 May 1991 Carl-Ludwig Wagner
(b. 1930)
CDU
21 May 1991 - 26 Oct 1994 Rudolf Scharping
(b. 1947)
SPD
26 Oct 1994 -
Kurt Beck
(b. 1949)
SPD
Saar (Saarland)
|
|
![[Saar 1947-1956 (Germany)]](de-sa-47.gif)
![[Saar (Germany)]](de-sl.gif)
|
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"Saarlied" (The Saar Song) Adopted 1948 (Lyrics 2003) |
|
31 Jul 1945
French administration (Saargebiet = Territoire de la Sarre),
"Saarland" gradually enters into official use after 8 Oct 1946.
(for Saar 1918-1945 see under Germany)
17 Dec 1947 Saarland constituted as an autonomous state in economic
union with France.
1 Jan 1957
Incorporated into Federal Republic of Germany as a state.
Governor
30 Aug 1945 - 10 Jan 1948 Gilbert-Yves-Édmond
Grandval (b. 1904 - d. 1981)
Mil
(takes office 7 Sep 1945)
High Commissioner of the French Republic in the Saar
10 Jan 1948 - 5 Mar 1952 Gilbert-Yves-Édmond Grandval (s.a.)
Chiefs of the Diplomatic Mission of the French Republic in the Saar
1 Jan 1952 - 8 Jul 1955 Gilbert-Yves-Édmond Grandval (s.a.)
8 Jul 1955 - 27 Oct 1956 Charles-Marie-Eric de Carbonnel
(b. 1910 - d. 1965)
President of the Government
4 May 1945 - 8 Oct 1946 Hans Neureuter
(b. 1901
- d. 1953) Non-party
(in Saarbrücken only to 31 Jul 1947)
Chairman of the Administration
Commission
8 Oct 1946 - 20 Dec 1947 Erwin Müller
(b. 1906 - d. 1968) Non-party
Minister-presidents
15 Dec 1947 - 29 Oct 1955 Johannes Hoffmann
(b. 1890 - d. 1967) CVP
29 Oct 1955 - 10 Jan 1956 Heinrich Welsch
(b. 1888 - d. 1976) Non-party
10 Jan 1956 - 4 Jun 1957 Hubert Ney
(b. 1892 - d. 1984) CDU
4 Jun 1957 - 23 Apr 1959 Hans Egon Reinert
(b. 1908 - d. 1959)
CDU
23 Apr 1959 - 26 Jun 1979 Franz Josef Röder
(b. 1909 - d. 1979) CDU
(acting to 30 Apr 1979)
26 Jun 1979 - 5 Jul 1979 Werner Klumpp (acting)
(b. 1928)
FDP
5 Jul 1979 - 9 Apr 1985 Werner Zeyer
(b. 1929 - d. 2000) CDU
9 Apr 1985 - 10 Nov 1998 Oskar Lafontaine
(b. 1943)
SPD
10 Nov 1998 - 29 Sep 1999 Reinhard Klimmt
(b. 1942)
SPD
29 Sep 1999 - Peter Aloysius Müller
(b. 1955)
CDU
Sachsen (Saxony)
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![[Soviet Republic of Saxony 1918-1919 (Germany)]](de_sajso.gif)
![[Saxony]](de-sach1.gif)
![[Saxony]](de-sachs.gif)
|
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5,232,000 (1939) |
Minister-president
26 Oct 1918 - 13 Nov 1918 Karl Rudolf Heinze (1st time) (b. 1865 - d. 1928)
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissioners
15 Nov 1918 - 21 Jan 1919 Robert Richard Lipinski (b. 1867 - d. 1936) USPD
21 Jan 1919 - 14 Mar 1919 Georg Gradnauer (b. 1866 - d. 1946) SPD
Minister-presidents
14 Mar 1919 - 4 May 1920 Georg Gradnauer (s.a.) SPD
4 May 1920 - 21 Mar 1923 Johann Wilhelm Buck (b. 1869 - d. 1945) SPD
21 Mar 1923 - 29 Oct 1923 Erich Zeigner (b. 1886 - d. 1949) SPD
29 Oct 1923 - 31 Oct 1923 Karl Rudolf Heinze (2nd time) (s.a.) DVP
(Reichskommissar)
31 Oct 1923 - 4 Jan 1924 Alfred Karl Fellisch (b. 1884 - d. 1973) SPD
4 Jan 1924 - 25 Jun 1929 Max Wilhelm August Heldt (b. 1872 - d. 1933)SPD;1927 ASPD
25 Jun 1929 - 6 May 1930 Wilhelm Robert Ferdinand Bünger (b. 1870 - d. 1937) DVP
6 May 1930 - 10 Mar 1933 Karl Alfred Walther Schieck (b. 1874 - d. 1946) Non-party
10 Mar 1933 - 28 Feb 1935 Manfred Freiherr von Killinger (b. 1886 - d. 1944) NSDAP
(Reichskommissar to 5 May 1933)
28 Feb 1935 - 7 May 1945 Martin Mutschmann (b. 1879 - d. 1947) NSDAP
(also Reichsstatthalter from 5 May 1933)
4 Jul 1945 - 31 Jun 1947 Rudolf Friedrichs (b. 1892 - d. 1947) SPD;
22 Apr 1946:SED
31 Jul 1947 - 23 Jul 1952 Max Seydewitz (b. 1892 - d. 1987) SED
3 Oct 1990 - 27 Oct 1990 Rudolf Krause (b. 1939) CDU
(Landesbevollmächtigter)
27 Oct 1990 - 18 Apr 2002 Kurt Biedenkopf (b. 1930) CDU
18 Apr 2002 - 28 May 2008 Georg Milbradt (b. 1945) CDU
28 May 2008 - Stanislaw Tillich (b. 1959) CDU
Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony -Anhalt)
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![[Civil Flag (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)]](de-st_c.gif)
![[State Flag 1948-52 (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)]](de-st949.gif)
![[Saxony-Anhalt (Germany)]](de-st.gif)
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23 Jul 1945
Province of Sachsen-Anhalt formed by merger of the Prussian
provinces of Magdeburg and Halle-Merseburg and
the state
of Anhalt.
21 Jul 1947
State
7 Oct 1949
Part of the German Democratic Republic.
23 Jul 1952
State dissolved into districts (Halle
and Magdeburg).
3 Oct 1990
Reconstituted as state of the Federal Republic of Germany.
First secretary of the Socialist Unity Party
21 Apr 1946 - 1952
Bernhard Koenen
(b. 1889 - d. 1964)
Minister-presidents
20 Jul 1945 - 13 Aug 1949 Erhard Hübener
(b. 1881 - d. 1952) LDP
13 Aug 1949 - 23 Jul 1952 Werner Bruschke
(b. 1898 - d. 1995) SED
3 Oct 1990 - 28 Oct 1990 Karl-Hermann Steinberg
(b. 1941)
CDU
(Landesbevollmächtigter)
28 Oct
1990 - 4 Jul 1991 Gerd Gies
(b. 1943)
CDU
4 Jul
1991 - 2 Dec 1993 Werner Münch
(b. 1940)
CDU
2 Dec 1993 - 21 Jun 1994
Christoph Bergner
(b. 1948)
CDU
21 Jun 1994 - 16 May 2002 Reinhard Höppner
(b. 1948)
SPD
16 May 2002 -
Wolfgang Böhmer
(b. 1936)
CDU
Saxe-Altenburg
14 Nov 1918
Free State of Altenburg (Freistaat Altenburg).
1 May 1920
Part of Thüringen.
Chairmen of the state ministry
13 Nov 1918 - 27 Mar 1919 Wilhelm Tells
(b. 1871 - d.af.1929) FP
27 Mar 1919 - 1 May 1920 August Frölich
(b. 1877 - d. 1966) SPD
Saxe-Coburg (-Saalfeld)
9 Nov 1918
Free State of Saxe Coburg-Gotha (Freistaat Saxe Coburg-Gotha).
14 Nov 1918
De facto separation from Gotha.
8 Jul 1919
Free State of Coburg (Freistaat Coburg).
1 Jul 1920
Part of Bavaria.
Chairmen of the state council
9 Nov 1918
- 11 Jul 1919 Karl Hermann Quarck
(b. 1873 - d. 1932) NL
11 Jul 1919 - 1 Jul 1920 Franz Klinger
(b. 1875 - d. 1933)
SPD
(Saxe-) Gotha
14 Nov 1918
De facto separation from Saxe-Coburg.
1919
Free State of Gotha (Freistaat Gotha).
1 May 1920
Part of Thüringen.
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissioners
14 Nov 1918 - 25 Mar 1919 Otto Geithner
(b. 1876 - d. 1948) USPD
Leading minister of state
25 Mar 1919 - 1 May 1920 Otto Geithner
(s.a.)
USPD
Saxe-Meiningen
12 Nov 1918
People's State of Saxe-Meiningen (Volksstaat Sachsen-Meiningen).
1 May 1920
Part of Thüringen.
Secret state councillor (from Mar 1919, leading minister)
12 Nov 1918 - 30 Apr 1920 Ludwig Freiherr von Türcke
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
9 Nov 1918
Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
20 May 1919
Free People's State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
(Freie Volksstaat Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach).
1 May 1920
Part of Thüringen.
Commissioner of State
8 Nov 1918 - 20 May 1919 August Baudert
(b. 1860 - d. 1942) SPD
(to 23 Dec 1918 Head of Soldiers'
and Workers' Council)
Presiding Minister of State
20 May 1919 - 1 May 1920 Arnold Rudolf Paulssen
(b. 1864 - d. 1942) DDP
Schaumburg-Lippe
![[Schaumburg-Lippe]](de-schli.gif)
24 Feb 1922 - 15 Sep 1935
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16 Nov 1918
Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe
c.Jun 1946
Incorporated into Hannover.
Minister of state
1898 - 4 Dec 1918
Friedrich Rudolf Ernst Freiherr
(b. 1858 - d. 1942)
von Feilitzsch
Chairman of the State Council
4 Dec 1918 - 14 Mar 1919 Heinrich Lorenz
(b. 1870 - d. 1947) SPD
State Councillors
14 Mar 1919 - 22 May 1922 Heinrich Friedrich Otto Bömers (b. 1857 - d. 1931) Non-party
22 May 1922 - 28 May 1925 Konrad Wippermann
Non-party
28 May 1925 - 7 Oct 1927 Erich Steinbrecher
SPD
7 Oct 1927 - 7 Mar 1933 Heinrich Lorenz
(s.a.)
SPD
1 Apr 1933 - 23 May 1933 Hans Joachim Riecke
(b. 1899 - d. 19..) NSDAP
State president
23 May 1933 - Mar 1945 Karl Heinrich Dreier (b. 1898 - d. 1974) NSDAP
16 May 1933 - 4 Apr 1945 Alfred Meyer (Reichsstatthalter)
(b. 1891 - d. 1945) NSDAP
Minister
1945 - 30 Apr 1946
Heinrich Hermann Drake
(b. 1881 - d. 1970) SPD
Schleswig-Holstein
![[State Flag (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)]](de-sh_s.gif)
Adopted 18 Jan 1957
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"Schleswig-Holstein meerumschlungen" (Schleswig-Holstein, Embraced by the Sea) (unofficial) |
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23 Aug 1946
Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein becomes a state.
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Oberpräsidenten
14 May 1945 - 15 Nov 1945 Otto Hoevermann (acting)
(b. 1888 - d. 1953) Non-party
15 Nov 1945 - 12 Sep 1946 Theodor Hans Steltzer
(b. 1885 - d. 1967) CDU
Minister-presidents
12 Sep 1946 - 29 Apr 1947 Theodor Hans Steltzer
(s.a.)
CDU
29 Apr 1947 - 29 Aug 1949 Hermann Lüdemann
(b. 1880 - d. 1959) SPD
29 Aug 1949 - 5 Sep 1950 Bruno Diekmann
(b. 1897 - d. 1982) SPD
5 Sep 1950 - 25 Jun 1951 Walter Bartram
(b. 1893 - d. 1971) CDU
25 Jun 1951 - 2 Oct 1954 Friedrich Wilhelm Lübke
(b. 1887 - d. 1954) CDU
11 Oct 1954 - 14 Jan 1963 Kai-Uwe von Hassel
(b. 1913 - d. 1997) CDU
14 Jan 1963 - 24 May 1971 Helmut Lemke
(b. 1907 - d. 1990) CDU
24 May 1971 - 14 Oct 1982 Gerhard Stoltenberg
(b. 1928 - d. 2001) CDU
14 Oct 1982 - 2 Oct 1987 Uwe Barschel
(b. 1944 - d. 1987) CDU
2 Oct 1987 - 31 May 1988 Henning Schwarz (acting)
(b. 1928 - d. 1993) CDU
31 May 1988 - 19 May 1993 Björn Engholm
(b. 1939)
SPD
19 May 1993 - 27 Apr 2005 Heide Simonis (f)
(b. 1943)
SPD
27 Apr 2005 -
Peter Harry Carstensen
(b. 1947)
CDU
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
23 Nov 1918
Free State of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Freistaat
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt).
1 May 1920
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
united as part of Thüringen.
People's government ministers
23 Nov 1918 - Mar 1919 Franz Ernst Wilhelm
Karl Freiherr
von der Recke
(b. 1854 - d. 1923)
+ Ernst Otto
SPD
+ Emil Hartmann
SPD
+ Five others
Leading minister of state
Mar 1919 - 1 May 1920 Emil Hartmann
(b. 1868 - d. 19..)
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
25 Nov 1918
Free State of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (Freistaat
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen).
1 May 1920
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
united as part of Thüringen.
Leading ministers of state
Nov 1918 - Mar 1919 Harald Bielfeld
DDP
Mar 1919 - 1 May 1920 Wilhelm Bärwinkel
USPD
Sudetenland 1938 - 1945: see under Czech Republic
Thüringen (Thuringia)
![[Thuringia Land Flag]](de-thur1.gif) 7 Apr 1921 - 15 Sep 1935 Civil flag 20 Dec 1945 - 23 Jul 1952 | ![[Thuringia State Flag 1921-35]](de-thur1922.gif)
25 Apr
1922 - 15 Sep 1935 State flag |
![[Thuringia Land Flag 1945-52]](de-thur2.gif)
13 Aug 1945 - 23 Jul 1952 |
![[Thuringia (Germany)]](de-thuri.gif)
Adopted 10 Jan 1991 |
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1,712,000 (1939) |
14 Jul 1919
Council of State entrusted with the elaboration of a
common constitution and with the provisional
administration of the Union.
4 Jan 1920
The treaty on formation of the Thüringian Community
(Thüringer Gemeinschaft) signed.
1 May 1920
Reuss, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen,
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,
and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen united as Free
State of Thüringen.
8 Nov 1923 - 28 Feb 1924 Under martial law, administered
by central government.
7 Oct 1949
Part of the German Democratic Republic.
23 Jul 1952
State dissolved into districts (Suhl,
Gera,
and Erfurt).
3 Oct 1990
Reconstituted as state of the Federal Republic of Germany.
23 Nov 1993
Named Free State of Thüringen.
First Secretaries of the Socialist Unity Party
21 Apr 1946 - 1947
Werner Karl Jakob Eggerath
(b. 1900 - d. 1977)
1947 - 1949
Erich Ernst Kops
(b. 1905 - d. 1961)
1949 - 26 Jul 1952
Erich Mückenberger
(b. 1910 - d. 1998)
Chairman of State Council
14 Jul 1919 - 30 Apr 1920 Arnold Rudolf Otto Paulssen
(b. 1864 - d. 1942) DDP
(also 22 Mar - 10 Apr 1920 Reichskommissar)
Leading Ministers of State
1 May 1920 - 11 Nov 1920 August Frölich (1st time)
(b. 1867 - d. 1964) SPD
11 Nov 1920 - 6 Oct 1921 Arnold Rudolf Otto Paulssen
(s.a.)
DDP
7 Oct 1921 - 21 Feb 1924 August Frölich (2nd time)
(s.a.)
SPD
(acting from 7 Dec 1923)
8 Nov 1923 - 28 Feb 1924 Paul Hasse
(b. 1864 - d. 1945) Mil
(military administrator)
Minister-presidents
21 Feb 1924 - 6 Nov 1928 Richard Leutheusser
(b. 1867 - d. 1945) DVP
6 Nov 1928 - 22 Jan 1930 Arnold Rudolf Paulssen
(s.a.)
DDP
23 Jan 1930 - 26 Aug 1932 Erwin Baum
(b. 1868 - d. 1950) TLB
26 Aug 1932 - 8 May 1933 Fritz Sauckel
(b. 1894 - d. 1946) NSDAP
(also Reichsstatthalter 6 May 1933 - 12 Apr 1945)
8 May 1933 - 12 Apr 1945 Wilhelm "Willy" E.K. Marschler
(b. 1893 - d. 1952) NSDAP
12 Apr 1945 - 7 May 1945 Karl Müller (acting)
Leader of the State administration
7 May 1945 - 9 Jun 1945 Hermann Louis Brill
(b. 1895 - d. 1959) SPD
President of the Government
9 Jun 1945 - 16 Jul 1945 Hermann Louis Brill
(s.a.)
SPD
Minister-presidents
16 Jul 1945 - 1 Sep 1947 Rudolf Paul
(b. 1893 - d. 1978) DemP;
(leader of the state administration to 4 Dec
1946) Apr 1946:SED
2 Sep 1947 - 23 Jul 1952 Werner Karl Jakob Eggerath
(s.a.)
SED
(acting to 8 Oct 1947)
3 Oct 1990 - 5 Feb 1992 Josef Duchac
(b. 1938)
CDU
(Landesbevollmächtigter to 8 Nov 1990)
5 Feb 1992 - 5 Jun 2003 Bernhard Vogel
(b. 1932)
CDU
5 Jun 2003 -
Dieter Althaus
(b. 1958)
CDU
1 Jan 2009 - 20 Apr 2009
Birgit Diezel (f)
(b. 1958)
CDU
(acting for Althaus)
Waldek-Pyrmont
![[Waldeck-Pyrmont c.1830-1929 (Germany)]](de-wp830.gif)
1918 - 1 Apr 1929
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"Das Waldecker Lied" |
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(under Prussian administration).
30 Nov 1921 Pyrmont incorporated into Prussia.
1 Apr 1929 Waldek incorporated into Prussia (part of Hessen-Nassau).
State directors
1914 - 1 Sep 1920
Karl Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm
von Redern
1 Sep 1920 - 7 Feb 1929 Wilhelm Schmieding
(d. 1929)
DVP
25 Feb 1929 - 31 Mar 1929 Herbert Herberg
Wartheland/Posen 1939-1945: see under Prussian Provinces
Württemberg (Württemberg-Baden)
![[State Flag 1896-1935 and c.1947-1952 (Württemberg, Germany)]](de-wu-l.gif) 20 Feb 1922 - 15 Sep 1935 |
![[Württemberg-Baden unofficial flag c.1947-52]](de-wubd.gif) |
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"Württemberg Hymne" (unofficial) |
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30 Nov 1918
People's State of Württemberg.
13 Jul 1945
States of Baden and Württemberg divided; northern parts
merged into one state (Württemberg).
29 Oct 1945
Northern part named Nordwürttemberg-Nordbaden.
20 Dec 1945
Renamed Württemberg-Baden.
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
25 Apr 1952
Merged into Baden-Württemberg.
State presidents
11 Nov 1918 - 23 Jun 1920 Wilhelm Blos
(b. 1849 - d. 1927) SPD
23 Jun 1920 - 8 Apr 1924 Johannes von Hieber
(b. 1862 - d. 1951) DDP
8 Apr 1924 - 3 Jun 1924 Eduard Rau (acting)
(b. 1868 - d. 1953) Non-party
3 Jun 1924 - 8 Jun 1928 Wilhelm Bazille
(b. 1874 - d. 1934) DNVP
8 Jun 1928 - 15 Mar 1933 Eugen Bolz
(b. 1881 - d. 1945) Z
15 Mar 1933 - 12 May 1933 Wilhelm Murr
(b. 1888 - d. 1945) NSDAP
(also Reichskommissar 8-15 Mar 1933 and
5 May 1933 - 20 Apr 1945 Reichsstatthalter)
12 May 1933 - Apr 1945 Christian Mergenthaler
(b. 1884 - d. 1980) NSDAP
Minister-president
19 Sep 1945 - 25 Apr 1952 Reinhold Maier
(b. 1889 - d. 1971) FDP/DVP
Württemberg-Hohenzollern (Südwürttemberg-Hohenzollern)
1945 - 25 Apr 1952
| Capital: Tübingen |
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13 Jul 1945
Württemberg divided: the southern part merged with the former
Prussian district of Sigmaringen
(Hohenzollern) into
Südwürttemberg-Hohenzollern.
22 Jul 1947
Renamed Württemberg-Hohenzollern.
7 Sep 1949
Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
25 Apr 1952
Merged into Baden-Württemberg.
State presidents
16 Oct 1945 - 22 Jul 1947 Carlo Schmid (1st time)
(b. 1896 - d. 1979) SPD
(chairman Directorate of the
state secretariat to 4 Dec 1946)
22 Jul 1947 - 3 Aug 1948 Lorenz Bock
(b. 1883 - d. 1948) CDU
4 Aug 1948 - 13 Aug 1948 Carlo Schmid (2nd time) (acting)
(s.a.)
SPD
13 Aug 1948 - 25 Apr 1952 Gebhard Müller
(b. 1900 - d. 1990) CDU
©2000 Ben Cahoon