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![[Poland]](pl.gif)
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Secretaries-general of the Polish Workers' (Communist) Party
(PPR)
(from 20 Dec 1948, Polish United Workers' Party [PZPR])
23 Nov 1943 - 3 Sep 1948 Wladyslaw Gomulka (1st time)
(b. 1905 - d. 1982)
3 Sep 1948 - 12 Mar 1956 Boleslaw Bierut
(b. 1892 - d. 1956)
(21 Dec 1948 - 16 Mar 1954 Chairman Central Committee)
12 Mar 1956 - 20 Mar 1956 Political Bureau
(acting)
- Jakub Berman
(b. 1901 - d. 1984)
- Franciszek Józwiak
(b. 1895 - d. 1966)
- Hilary Minc
(b. 1905 - d. 1974)
- Roman Zambrowski
(b. 1909 - d. 1977)
- Aleksander Zawadzki
(b. 1899 - d. 1964)
- Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz
(b. 1911 - d. 1989)
- Franciszek Mazur
(b. 1895 - d. 1975)
- Konstanty Rokossowski
(b. 1896 - d. 1968)
- Wladyslaw Dworakowski
(b. 1908 - d. 1976)
- Zenon Nowak
(b. 1905 - d. 1980)
- Edward Ochab
(b. 1906 - d. 1989)
20 Mar 1956 - 21 Oct 1956 Edward Ochab
(s.a.)
21 Oct 1956 - 20 Dec 1970 Wladyslaw Gomulka (2nd time)
(s.a.)
20 Dec 1970 - 6 Sep 1980 Edward Gierek
(b. 1913 - d. 2001)
6 Sep 1980 - 18 Oct 1981 Stanislaw Kania
(b. 1927)
18 Oct 1981 - 29 Jul 1989 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski
(b. 1923)
Mil
29 Jul 1989 - 27 Jan 1990 Mieczyslaw Franciszek Rakowski
(b. 1926 - d. 2008)
De facto ruler
13 Jun 1926 - 12 May 1935 Józef Klemens Pilsudski
(b. 1867 - d. 1935) Mil
Princes
842 - 861
Piast Kolodziej ("the Wheelwright")
c.861 – c.900
Siemowit
c.900 – c.930
Leszek (Lestko) IV
c.930 - c.960
Siemomysl (d. c.960)
c.960 – 25 May 992
Mieszko I
(b. c.935 - d. 992)
25 May 992 – 992/995 Regents
- Oda (f)
- Mieszko
(b. 978/84 - d. af.992)
- Lambert
(b. 980/90 - d. af.992)
(in Greater Poland, Mazovia, Kuiavia, Pomerania)
- Swietopelk? (in Pomerania)
(b. 979/85 - d. ....)
25 May 992 – 25 Dec 1024 Boleslaw I Chrobry ("the Brave")
(b. 966/67 - d. 1025)
(from c.989 sub-prince in Cracow;
from 992/995 in entire country;
from 1003/04 in Bohemia; Jul 1002-1005
in Luzyce [Lausitz] and Milsko)
Kings
25 Dec 1024 - 17 Jun 1025 Boleslaw I Chrobry
(s.a.)
17 Jun 1025 - Oct 1031 Mieszko II Lambert
(b. 990 - d. 1034)
Princes
Oct 1031 – Spring 1032 Bezprym
(b. 986/87 - d. 1032)
Oct 1031 – Spring 1032 Otto (as sub-prince)
(b. 1000 – d. 1033)
(probably in Silesia or Cracow)
Spring 1032 – Jul 1032 Mieszko II Lambert
(s.a.)
Jul 1032 - 1033
Poland divided in three:
- Otto
(s.a.)
(probably in Silesia or Cracow)
- Dytryk (probably in Pomerania) (d.
af.1033)
- Mieszko II Lambert
(s.a.)
(probably in Great Poland, Mazovia, Kuiavia)
1033 – 10/11 May 1034 Mieszko II
Lambert
(s.a.)
1034/1038 – 1039
Boleslaw Zapomniany
(probably fictitious)
10/11 May 1034–1037/1038 Kazimierz I Karol
(b. 1016 - d. 1058)
1037/1038
Anarchy; Pagan Rebellion
many particular princes;
any names and territories unknown, except:
1037/1038 – 1047
Mieclaw (Maslaw)(in Mazovia)
Summer 1039 - 19 Mar 1058 Kazimierz I Karol Odnowiciel
(b. 1016 - d. 1058)
("the Restorer")
(in Greater Poland and Kuiavia; from 1039
in Cracow and Lesser Poland; from 1040/1041
in Mazovia; from 1047, in Silesia from 1050)
19 Mar 1058 – 25 Dec 1076 Boleslaw II Smialy, Szczodry
(b. 1041/42 - d.1082)
("the Bold")
King
25 Dec 1076 - Jun 1079 Boleslaw II Smialy,
Szczodry (s.a.)
(expelled 1079)
Jun 1079 - 1080
Archbishop Petrus Leczyc -Regent (d. 1092)
Princes
1058 - 1079
Wladyslaw I Herman (1st time) (b. 1043- d.
1102)
(probably as sub-prince in Mazovia)
1058 – 28 Jan 1065
Mieszko
(b. 1045 – d. 1065)
(possibly sub-prince in Kuiavia, Sieradz, and Leczyca)
1080 – 4 Jun 1102
Wladyslaw I Herman (2nd time) (s.a.)
1081
Vratislav, duke of Bohemia
(d. 1092)
(pretender)
1086 – 1089
Mieszko -Co-ruler
(b. 1069 – d. 1089)
1093 - 1096
Zbigniew -Co-ruler (1st time) (b.
1070/73 - d. 1112/16)
1097 - 1102
Zbigniew -Co-ruler (2nd time) (s.a.)
1097 - 1102
Boleslaw III Krzywousty -Co-ruler (b. 1085 - d. 1138)
1102 – 1107
Zbigniew (in Greater Poland, (s.a.)
Kuiavia and Mazovia)
1102 – 28 Oct 1138
Boleslaw III Krzywousty
(s.a.)
(over-prince, in Greater Poland,
Silesia, and Lesser Poland; in
in Pomerania from 1122)
1107 – 1108
Zbigniew -Co-ruler (3rd time) (s.a.)
Senior Princes (in Cracow)(styled Ksiazeta-princepsi,
wielcy ksiazeta, w Krakowie)
28 Oct 1138 – 1146
Wladyslaw II Wygnaniec
(b. 1105 - d. 1159)
("the Exile"), duke of Silesia
1146 - 5 Jan 1173
Boleslaw IV Kedzierzawy
(b. 1121/22 - d. 1173)
("the Curly"), duke of Mazovia
(in rebellion 1141-1143 and from 1144)
5 Jan 1173 – 1177
Mieszko III Stary ("the Old"), (b. 1122/25 - d.
1202)
duke of Greater Poland (1st time)
1173 – 1177
Henryk Kietlicz
(governor of Mieszko III)
1177 – 1191
Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy
(b. 1138 - d. 1194)
("the Just") (1st time)
1191
Mieszko III Stary, (2nd time)
(s.a.)
duke of Greater Poland
1191
Boleslaw (governor of Mieszko III) (b. 1159 - d.
1195)
1191 – 5 May 1194
Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
5 May 1194 – 1198
Leszek Bialy ("the White")
(b. c.1186 - d. 1227)
(1st time)
5 May 1194 – 1198
Regents
- Helena (f)(1st time)
- Mikolaj (1st time)
- Pelka, bishop of Cracow
(1st time)
1195
Mieszko III Stary
(s.a.)
(in opposition)
1198 – 1198/1199
Mieszko III Stary, (3rd time) (s.a.)
duke of Greater Poland
1198/1199
Leszek Bialy (2nd time)
(b. c.1186 - d. 1227)
1198/1199
Regents
- Helena (f)(2nd time)
- Mikolaj (2nd time)
- Pelka, bishop of Cracow
(2nd time)
1198/1199 – 13/14 Mar 1202 Mieszko III Stary, (4th time)
(s.a.)
also duke of Greater Poland
(expelled briefly in 1201)
1202 – 1202/1206
Wladyslaw III Laskonogi,
(b. 1161/66 - d. 1231)
duke of Greater Poland (1st time)
1202/1206 – 1210
Leszek Bialy (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1210 – 16 May 1211
Mieszko Platonogi,
(b. bf.1146 - d. 1211)
duke of Silesia
16 May 1211 – 23 Nov 1227 Leszek Bialy (4th time)
(s.a.)
(the last senior prince)
Princes of Cracow (styled Ksiazeta krakowscy)
23 Nov 1227 – 5 May 1228 Boleslaw Wstydliwy (1st time)
(b. 1226 - d. 1279)
23 Nov 1227 – 5 May 1228 Grzymislawa (f) -Regent
5 May 1228 – 3 Nov 1231 Wladyslaw III Laskonogi
(2nd time) (s.a.)
prince of Greater Poland
1228 - 1229
Henryk I Brodaty (1st time) (b.
1165/70 - d. 1238)
(governor of Wladyslaw III)
1229
Konrad I Mazowiecki (1st time)
(b. 1187/88 - d. 1247)
(in opposition)
1229 - 1230/1231
Marek Gryfita
(governor of Wladyslaw III)
1230/1231 – 3 Nov 1231 Teodor (Czader)
Gryfita
(governor of Wladyslaw III)
1231, 1233
Konrad I Mazowiecki (2nd time) (s.a.)
(in opposition)
3 Nov 1231 – 19 Mar 1238 Henryk I Brodaty
(s.a.)
19 Mar 1238 – 9 Apr 1241 Henryk II Pobozny
(b. 1196/1207 - d. 1241)
9 Apr 1241 – 10 Jul 1241 Boleslaw (II) Rogatka
(b. 1220/25 - d. 1278)
9 Apr 1241 – 10 Jul 1241 Klemens z Ruszczy Gryfita
(governor of Boleslaw Rogatka)
10 Jul 1241 – May 1243 Konrad I Mazowiecki
(3rd time) (s.a.)
(continues in opposition to 1247)
May 1243 – 7 Dec 1279 Boleslaw V
Wstydliwy (2nd time) (b. 1226 – d. 1279)
Dec 1279 - 30 Sep 1288 Leszek Czarny ("the
Black") (b. 1240/42 - d. 1288)
1282, 1285
Konrad (II) Czerski (pretender) (b. c.1250 - d. 1294)
Oct 1288 – 1288/1289 Boleslaw
(II) Plocki
(b. af.1251 - d. 1313)
1288/1289 – 26 Feb 1289 Henryk IV Prawy (Probus)(1st
time) (b. 1257/58 - d. 1290)
26 Feb 1289 – Aug 1289 Wladyslaw I Lokietek
("the Short") (b. c.1260 - d. 1333)
(1st time)
Aug 1289 – Apr 1290 Henryk
IV Prawy (Probus)(2nd time) (s.a.)
Jan 1291 - 21 Jun 1305 Waclaw II
(b. 1271 – d. 1305)
(crowned king of Poland Nov 1300)
Jan 1293 – 10 Jun 1294 Kazimierz (II) Leczycki
(b. 1261/62 - d. 1294)
(pretender)(styled Heir of Cracow)
King¹
26 Jun 1295 - 8 Feb 1296 Przemysl II
(b. 1257 – d. 1296)
Princes
8 Feb 1296 - 21 Jun 1305 Waclaw II
(b. 1271 – d. 1305)
(crowned as king of Poland Nov 1300)
1301 – 9 Dec 1309
Henryk I (III) Glogowczyk
(b. 1251/60 - d. 1309)
(in opposition; styled Heir of Polish Kingdom)
May 1305 – Jun/Jul 1305 Wladyslaw I Lokietek
(2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Jun 1305 – 4 Aug 1306 Waclaw III
(b. 1289 – d. 1306)
Aug/Sep 1306 – 1311 Wladyslaw
I Lokietek (3rd time) (s.a.)
(pretender Apr – 13 Oct 1292,
styled Heir of Cracow from Jan 1293;
styled Duke of Polish Kingdom from 10 Mar 1296;
pretender to Cracow until 18 Nov 1297 and from
1304)
Apr 1312 – Jun 1312 Boleslaw
I (in rebellion)
(b. 1254/58 - d. 1313)
Jun 1312 – 20 Jan 1320 Wladyslaw I Lokietek
(s.a.)
(4th time)
Kings¹
20 Jan 1320 - 2 Mar 1333 Wladyslaw I Lokietek
(s.a.)
25 Apr 1333 – 5 Nov 1370 Kazimierz III Wielki ("the
Great") (b. 1310 – d. 1370)
(crowned 25 Apr 1333)
17 Nov 1370–11/12 Sep 1382 Ludwik I Wegierski
(b. 1356 – d. 1382)
(king of Hungary Lájos I)
Nov 1370 – Summer 1375 Elzbieta (f) -Regent
(1st time) (b. 1305 – d. 1380)
1376 - Jan 1377
Elzbieta (f) -Regent (2nd time) (s.a.)
Winter 1377 – 28 Mar 1378 Wladyslaw Opolczyk -Regent
(b. 1326/30 - d. 1401)
28 Mar 1378 – 29 Dec 1380 Elzbieta (f) -Regent (3rd
time) (s.a.)
29 Dec 1380 - 12 Jan 1382 Zawisza Kurozweki,
(d. 1382)
bishop of Cracow (acting)
29 Dec 1380 - 11 Sep 1382 Dobislaw z Kraków (acting) (d. 1387)
29 Dec 1380 - 11 Sep 1382 Sendziwog Szubin z Kalisz (acting)
12 Jan 1382- Oct? 1383 Zygmunt Luksemburski
(pretender) (b. 1368 – d. 1437)
(Sigismund Markgraf zu Brandenburg)
11 Sep 1382 - 16 Oct 1384 Dobislaw z Kraków -Regent
(s.a.)
11 Sep 1382 - 16 Oct 1384 Sendziwog Szubin z Kalisz -Regent
28 Mar 1383 – 6 Oct 1384 Siemowit (IV) (pretender)
(b. c.1352 - d. 1426)
16 Oct 1384–17 Jul 1399 Jadwiga (f)
(b. 1374 – d. 1399)
(literally "female king")
- jointly with -
2/18Feb1386–31May/1Jun1434 Wladyslaw II Jagiello
(b. c.1348/52 - d. 1434)
(Grand Prince of Lithuania;
married with Jadwiga 2/18 Feb 1434
4 Mar 1386 crowned king of Poland)
25 Jul 1434 – 10 Nov 1444 Wladyslaw III
(b. 1424 – d. 1444)
(Jan 1440 elected king of Hungary
left Poland 22 Apr 1440)
25 Jul 1434 – 16 Dec 1438 Regents
- Zbigniew Olesnicki
(s.a.)
bishop of Cracow
- Queen Zofia
(b. c.1405 - d. 1461)
- Zygmunt Korybutowicz,
(b. c.1395 - d. 1435)
Grand Prince of Lithuania
- Stefan II, voivode of Moldavia (d. 1447)
22 Apr 1440 - Jun 1447 Tutors and governors
of the Polish provinces
- for Lesser Poland and Ruthenia:
Jan Czyzowski, castellan of Cracow
- for Greater Poland:
Wojciech Malski, voivode
(d. 1454)
of Leczyca
25 Jun 1447 - 7 Jun 1492 Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellonczyk
(b. 1427 – d. 1492)
(from 29 Jun 1440 Grand Prince of Lithuania
(election proclaimed conditionally Apr 1445)
7 Jun 1492 – 23 Sep 1492 Chairmen of the Royal Council
- Zbigniew Olesnicki, archbishop (b.
c.1430 - d.1493)
of Gniezno (chairman)
- Rafal Jakub Jaroslawski z
(b. 1436/40 - d. 1492)
Jaroslawia i z Przeworska,
grand marshal (co-chairman)
- Jan Amor Tarnowski,
(b. 1420/30 - d. 1500)
castellan of Cracow (co-chairman)
23 Sep 1492 – 17 Jun 1501 Jan I Olbracht
(b. 1459 – d. 1501)
(election proclaimed 27 Aug 1492)
17 Jun 1501 – 25 Oct 1501 Fryderyk Jagiellonczyk,
(b. 1468 – d. 1503)
archbishop of Gniezno -Interrex
(chairman of Senate)
(proclaimed himself as tutor and
governor of kingdom – locum tenens regni)
12 Dec 1501 – 19 Aug 1506 Aleksander Jagiellonczyk
(b. 1461 – d. 1506)
(from 20 Jul 1492 Grand Duke of Lithuania
election proclaimed 25 Oct 1501)
19 Aug 1506 – 24 Jan 1507 Andrzej Róza Boryszewski,
(b. c.1436 - d. 1510)
archbishop of Gniezno -Interrex
(chairman of Senate
24 Jan 1507 – 1 Apr 1548 Zygmunt I Stary ("the Old")
(b. 1467 – d. 1548)
(Grand Prince of Lithuania from 20 Oct 1506;
election proclaimed 8 Dec 1506)
- jointly with -
20 Feb 1530 - 7 Jul 1572 Zygmunt II August
(b. 1520 – d. 1572)
(Grand Prince of Lithuania from 18 Oct 1529;
election proclaimed 18 Dec 1529)
7 Jul 1572 – Oct 1572 Jan Firlej
-Interrex
(b. c.1521 - d. 1574)
(in opposition)
7 Jul 1572 - 21 Feb 1574 Jakub Uchanski -Interrex
(1st
time)(b. 1502 - d. 1581)
21 Feb 1574 - 12 May 1575 Henryk Walezy
(b. 1551 - d. 1589)
(Henri III, king of France)
(left Poland 18 Jun 1574)
19 Jun 1574 - 1 May 1576 Jakub Uchanski -Interrex
(2nd time)(s.a.)
1 May 1576 - 12 Dec 1586 Stefan
(b. 1533 - d. 1586)
(István Báthory Somlyói, prince
of Transylvania)
(election proclaimed 15 Dec 1575)
12 Dec 1586 - 27 Dec 1587 Stanislaw Karnkowski -Interrex
(b. 1520 - d. 1603)
27 Sep 1587 – 24 Jan 1588 Maksymilian von Österreich
(b. 1558 – d. 1618)
(election proclaimed 22 Aug 1587,
resigned 9 Mar 1589; in opposition)
27 Dec 1587 - 30 Apr 1632 Zygmunt III
(b. 1566 - d. 1632)
(Sigismund, king of Sweden)
(election proclaimed 19 Aug 1587)
30 Apr 1632 - 6 Feb 1633 Jan Wezyk -Interrex
(b. 1575 - d. 1638)
6 Feb 1633 - 20 May 1648 Wladyslaw IV
(b. 1595 - d. 1648)
(election proclaimed 8 Nov 1632)
20 May 1648 - 17 Jan 1649 Maciej Lubienski -Interrex
(b. 1572 - d. 1652)
17 Jan 1649 - 16 Sep 1668 Jan II Kazimierz
(b. 1609 - d. 1672)
(election proclaimed 20 Nov 1648)
(exiled Sep 1655 – Nov 1655)
Aug 1655 – 23 Feb 1660 Karol X Gustaw (in
opposition) (b. 1622 - d. 1660)
(Karl X Gustaf, king of Sweden;
styled Protektor Rzeczypospolitej [Protector
of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth])
16 Sep 1668 - 29 Sep 1669 Mikolaj Prazmowski -Interrex
(b. 1617 - d. 1673)
29 Sep 1669 - 10 Nov 1673 Michal Korybut
(b. 1640 - d. 1673)
(election proclaimed 19 Jun 1669)
10 Nov 1673 - 15 May 1674 Kazimierz Florian
(b. 1620 - d. 1674)
Czartoryski -Interrex
10 Nov 1673 – 5 Jun 1674 Andrzej Trzebicki, bishop
of (b. 1607 – d. 1679)
Cracow -Interrex
(acting interrex [for Czartoryski to 15 May 1674])
5 Jun 1674 - 17 Jun 1696 Jan III Sobieski
(b. 1629 - d. 1696)
(election proclaimed 21 May 1674, coronation 2
Feb 1676)
17 Jun 1696 - 15 Sep 1697 Augustyn Michal Stefan
(b. 1645 - d. 1705)
Radziejowski -Interrex (2nd time)
15 Sep 1697 - 16 Feb 1704 August II Mocny ("the Strong")
(b. 1670 - d. 1733)
(1st time) (election proclaimed 17 Jun 1697)
(continues in opposition to 24 Sep 1706)
16 Feb 1704 - 4 Oct 1705 Augustyn Michal Stefan
(s.a.)
Radziejowski -Interrex (2nd time)
4 Oct 1705 - 8 Aug 1709 Stanislaw I Leszczynski
(1st time) (b. 1677 - d. 1766)
(election proclaimed 12 Jul 1704)
8 Aug 1709 - 1 Feb 1733 August II Mocny (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1 Feb 1733 - 12 Sep 1733 Teodor Andrzej Potocki -Interrex
(b. 1664 - d. 1738)
12 Sep 1733 - 30 Jun 1734 Stanislaw I Leszczynski (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(abdicates 27 Jan 1736)
(exiled 30 Jun 1734)
30 Jun 1734 - 5 Oct 1763 August III
(b. 1696 - d. 1763)
(election proclaimed 5 Oct 1733)
(in opposition from 17 Jan 1734)
5 Oct 1763 - 25 Nov 1764 Wladyslaw Aleksander
(b. 1703 - d. 1764)
Lubienski -Interrex
25 Nov 1764 - 7 Jan 1795 Stanislaw II August Poniatowski
(b. 1732 - d. 1798)
(election proclaimed 8 Sep 1764)
(abdicated 25 Nov 1795)
Chairman of the Governing Commission
14 Jan 1807 - 9 Jul 1807 Duke Stanislaw Malachowski
(b. 1736 - d. 1809)
Duke of Warsaw¹ (also King of Saxony)
9 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1813 Friedrich August
(b. 1750 - d. 1827)
Chairman of the Supreme Provisional Council of the Duchy of
Warsaw
14 Mar 1813 - 9 Jun 1815 Vasiliy Sergeyevich Lanskoy
(b. 1753 - d. 1831)
Kings
20 Jun 1815 - 5 Nov 1916 the Emperors of Russia
Commander-in-chief of Army of Poland (de faco viceroy)
9 Dec 1815 - 1 Dec 1830 Grand Duke Konstantin
Pavlovich (b. 1779 - d. 1831)
Romanov
Representative (Namestnik) of the King of Poland (often styled 'Viceroy')
9 Dec 1815 - 28 Jul 1826 Józef Zajaczek, (from 1818)
(b. 1752 - d. 1826)
Prince of Poland
28 Jul 1826 - 1831 Vacant
Administrative Council (in rebellion)
1 Dec 1830 - 5 Dec 1830 Provisional government
- Leon Dembowski
(b. 1789 - d. 1878)
- Duke Stanislaw Malachowski
(s.a.)
- Joachim Józef Lelewel
(b. 1786 - d. 1861)
Dictator
(in rebellion)
5 Dec 1830 - Dec 1830 Józef
Grzegorz Chlopicki (1st time)(b. 1771 - d. 1854)
Marshal of the Diet
(in rebellion)
18 Dec 1830 - Dec 1830 Józef Gabriel
Lubowski
(b. 1788 - d. 1869?)
Dictator
(in rebellion)
Dec 1830 - 25 Jan 1831 Józef Grzegorz
Chlopicki (2nd time)(s.a.)
Presidents of the National Government
(in rebellion)
25 Jan 1831 - 30 Jan 1831 Count Wladyslaw Tomasz Ostrowski
(b. 1790 - d. 1869)
(Marshal of the Diet)
+ Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
(b. 1770 - d. 1861)
(President of the Senate)
30 Jan 1831 - 17 Aug 1831 Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
(s.a.)
17 Aug 1831 - 7 Sep 1831 Jan Stefan Krukowiecki
(b. 1772 - d. 1850)
7 Sep 1831 - 26 Sep 1831 Bonawentura Niemojowski
(b. 1787 - d. 1835)
Representatives (Namestnik) of the King of Poland (often styled 'Viceroy')
1831 - 13 Feb 1856
Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich,
(b. 1782 - d. 1856)
Prince of Warsaw
1856 - 30 May 1861
Mikhail Dmitriyevich Gorchakov (b. 1795 - d. 1861)
30 May 1861 - 6 Aug 1861 Nikolay Onufrievich Sukhozanet (b. 1794 - d. 1871)
(1st time) (acting)
6 Aug 1861 - 21 Apr 1862 Count Karl Karlovich Lambert (b. 1815 - d. 1865)
10 Oct 1861 - 27 Oct 1861 Nikolay Onufrievich Sukhozanet (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting for Lambert)
27 Oct 1861 - 8 Jun 1862 Count
Aleksey Nikolayevich Lüders (b. 1790 - d. 1874)
8 Jun 1862 - 31 Oct 1863 Grand Duke Konstatin Nikolayevich (b. 1827 - d. 1892)
Romanov (in Warsaw 20 Jun 1862 - 8 Sep 1863)
Presidents of the National Government
(in rebellion)
22
Jan 1863 - 10 Mar 1863 Stefan Bobrowski
(b. 1841 - d. 1863)
(chairman Executive Commission of the Central National
Committee acting as Provisional National Government)
- together with -
Ludwik Adam Mieroslawski
(b. 1814 - d. 1878)
(dictator and commander-in-chief of the Polish
Insurrection; in exile to 17 Feb 1863)
10 Mar 1863 - 19 Mar 1863 Marian Antoni Melchior Langiewicz
(b. 1827 - d. 1887)
(dictator)
19 Mar 1863 - 20 Mar 1863 Executive Dictatorial Commission
- Józef Kajetan Janowski
(b. 1832 - d. 1914)
- Agaton Giller
(b. 1831 - d. 1887)
- Stefan Bobrowski
(s.a.)
21 Mar 1863 - 24 May 1863 Central National Committee acting
as Provisional National Government
- Józef Kajetan Janowski
(s.a.)
- Agaton Giller
(s.a.)
- Stefan Bobrowski
(s.a.)
(to 12 Apr 1863; chairman Mar - 12 Apr 1863)
- Karol Adolf Antoni Ruprecht
(b. 1821 - d. 1875)
(from Mar 1863)
- Oskar Awejde
(b. 1837 - d. 1897)
(from 12 Apr 1863)
- Edward Siwinski
(b. 1831 - d. 1897)
(from Apr 1863)
Chairmen of the National Government
(in rebellion)
24
May 1863 - 1863
Piotr Wysocki
(b. 1797 - d. 1874)
1863 - 14 Jun 1863
Franciszek Dobrowolski (1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1896)
14 Jun 1863 - 17 Sep 1863 Karol Majewski
(b. 1833 - d. 1897)
17 Sep 1863 - 17 Oct 1863 Franciszek Dobrowolski (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Head of the National Government (also styled Dictator)
(in rebellion)
17 Oct 1863 - 10 Apr 1864 Romuald
Traugutt
(b. 1826 - d. 1864)
President of the National Government
(in rebellion)
10 Apr 1864 - Apr 1865
Bronislaw Brzezinski
(d. c.1865)
Representative of the King of Poland (the emperor of Russia)
8 Sep 1863 - 18 Jan 1874 Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert Graf
von (b. 1790 - d. 1874)
Berg (Fyodor Fyodorovich Graf Berg)
(acting to 19 Oct 1863)
Governors-general of the Warsaw Military District
1874 - 1880
Paul Demetrius Graf von Kotzebue
(b. 1801 - d. 1884)
1880 - 1883
Pytor Pavlovich Albedinsky
(b. 1826 - d. 1883)
Dec 1883 - Dec 1894 Iosif
Vladimirovich Romeyko-Gourko (b. 1828 - d. 1901)
Dec 1894 - 12 Dec 1896 Count Pavel Andreyevich
Shuvalov (b. 1830 - d. 1908)
13 Jan 1897 - 1900 Prince Aleksandr Konstatinovich
(b. 1837 - d. 1900)
Bagration-Imeretinsky
1900 - Feb 1905 Mikhail
Ivanovich Chertkov (b.
1829 – d. 1905)
24 Mar 1905 - Aug 1905 Konstantin Klavdievich
Maksimovich (b. 1849 - d. 19..)
Sep 1905 - 1914 Georgy Antonovich
Skalon (b. 1847 -
d. 1914)
Apr 1914 - Jul 1914 Yakov Grigoryevich Zhilinskiy (b. 1853
- d. 1918)
(acting)
Jul 1914 - Aug 1915
Prince Pavel Nikolayevich (b. 1864 - d. 1944)
Yengalychev (in exile Aug 1915 - 1918)
German Governor-general (at Warsaw)
25 Aug 1915 - 11 Nov 1918 Hans Hartwig von Beseler
(b. 1850 - d. 1921)
Austro-Hungarian Governors-general (at Lublin)
Sep 1915 - May 1916 Erich
Freiherr von Diller
(b. 1869 - d. 1936)
May 1916 - May 1917 Karl
von Kuk
(b. 1853 - d. 1935)
Jun 1917 - Feb 1918 Stanislaw
Maria Graf Szeptycki (b. 1867 - d. 1946)
Feb 1918 - Nov 1918 Anton
Liposcak
(b. 1863 - d. 1924)
Crown Marshal, Chairman of the Provisional Council of State
14 Jan 1917 - 25 Aug 1917 Waclaw Józef Niemojowski
(b. 1864 - d. 1939)
Chairman of the Transitional Committee of the Provisional Council of State
25 Aug 1917 - 27 Oct 1917 Józef Karol Mateusz Mikulowski
(b. 1868 - d. 1935)
Pomorski
27 Oct 1917 - 14 Nov 1918 Regency Council
- Aleksander Kakowski, Archbishop (b. 1862
- d. 1938) Non-party
of Warsaw
- Prince Zdzislaw Lubomirski
(b. 1865 - d. 1943) Non-party
- Count Józef August Ostrowski
(b. 1850 - d. 1923) Non-party
Chairman of the Polish National Committee
15 Aug 1917 - 14 Nov 1918 Roman Dmowski
(b. 1864 - d. 1939) ND
(in Paris, France exile)
Chief of State (Naczelnik Państwa)
14 Nov 1918 - 14 Dec 1922 Józef Klemens Pilsudski
(s.a.)
Mil
(de facto to 22 Nov 1918; provisional to 20 Feb
1919)
Presidents
14 Dec 1922 - 16 Dec 1922 Gabriel Józef Narutowicz
(b. 1865 - d. 1922) Non-party
16 Dec 1922 - 20 Dec 1922 Maciej Rataj (1st time) (acting)
(b. 1884 - d. 1940) PSL-P
20 Dec 1922 - 15 May 1926 Stanislaw Wojciechowski
(b. 1869 - d. 1953) Non-party
15 May 1926 - 4 Jun 1926 Maciej Rataj (2nd time) (acting)
(s.a.)
PSL-P
4 Jun 1926 - 30 Sep 1939 Ignacy Moscicki
(b. 1867 - d. 1946) Non-party
(in Romania exile from 17 Sep 1939)
Military governors
1 Sep 1939 - 3 Oct 1939 Heinrich Alfred Hermann
Walther (b. 1881 - d. 1948) Mil
von Brauchitsch
3 Oct 1939 - 19 Oct 1939 Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt
(b. 1875 - d. 1953) Mil
(head of central military administration)
20 Oct 1939 - 30 Apr 1940 Johannes Blaskowitz
(b. 1883 - d. 1948) Mil
1 May 1940 - 20 Jul 1940 Curt Ludwig Freiherr von Gienanth
(b. 1867 - d. 1961) Mil
Governor-general
26 Oct 1939 - 17 Jan 1945 Hans Michael Frank
(b. 1900 - d. 1946) NSDAP
(head of civil administration 3-25 Oct 1939)
Chief of the Civil Administration of the Bialystok
District
15 Aug 1941 - 27 Jul 1944 Erich Koch
(b. 1896 - d. 1986) NSDAP
15 Aug 1941 - 31 Jan 1942 Waldemar Magunia (acting for Koch)
(b. 1902 - d. 1974) NSDAP
1 Feb 1942 - 27 Jul 1944 Friedrich Brix (acting for
Koch) (d. 1971)
NSDAP
Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Council
(from 1 Jan 1945, chairman of the People's Council)
1 Jan 1944 - 4 Feb 1947 Boleslaw Bierut
(s.a.)
PPR
4 Feb 1947
Franciszek Trabalski
(b. 1870 - d. 1964) PPR
(Marshal of the Constituent Sejm by age)
4 Feb 1947 - 5 Feb 1947 Wladyslaw Kowalski
(b. 1894 - d. 1958) PPR
(Marshal of the Constituent Sejm)
President
5 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952 Boleslaw Bierut
(s.a.)
PPR;1948 PZPR
Chairmen of the Council of State
20 Nov 1952 - 7 Aug 1964 Aleksander Zawadzki
(b. 1899 - d. 1964) PZPR
7 Aug 1964 - 12 Aug 1964 Edward Ochab
(s.a.)
PZPR
+ Stanislaw Kulczynski
(b. 1895 - d. 1975) PZPR
+ Oskar Ryszard Lange
(b. 1904 - d. 1965) PZPR
+ Boleslaw Podedworny
(b. 1898 - d. 1972) PZPR
(acting)
12 Aug 1964 - 11 Apr 1968 Edward Ochab
(s.a.)
PZPR
11 Apr 1968 - 23 Dec 1970 Marian Spychalski
(b. 1906 - d. 1980) PZPR
23 Dec 1970 - 28 Mar 1972 Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz
(s.a.)
PZPR
28 Mar 1972 - 6 Nov 1985 Henryk Jablonski
(b. 1909 - d. 2003) PZPR
6 Nov 1985 - 19 Jul 1989 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski
(s.a.)
PZPR/Mil
Presidents
19 Jul 1989 - 22 Dec 1990 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski
(s.a.)
Non-party
22 Dec 1990 - 23 Dec 1995 Lech Walesa
(b. 1943)
NSZZ/Non-party
23 Dec 1995 - 23 Dec 2005 Aleksander Kwasniewski
(b. 1954) SdRP/Non-party
23 Dec 2005 - 10 Apr 2010 Lech Aleksander Kaczynski
(b. 1949 - d. 2010)PiS/Non-party
10 Apr 2010 - 8 Jul 2010 Bronislaw Komorowski
(1st time) (b. 1952)
PO
(acting)
8 Jul 2010
Bogdan Borusewicz (acting)
(b. 1949) Non-party
8 Jul 2010 - 6 Aug 2010 Grzegorz Schetyna (acting)
(b. 1963) PO
6 Aug 2010 - Bronislaw Komorowski (2nd time) (s.a.)
PO
Grand marshals (chief ministers)
1358 - 1368
Pelka Koscielec z Koscielca (d.
1368/69)
1369 - 1374
Jan Kolczek z Zakrzowa
1375 - 1378
Przedbór z Brzezia (1st time) (d.
1387/88)
1379 - af.1379
Jan Tarnowski z Tarnowa
(d. 1409)
Apr 1381 - 1387
Przedbór z Brzezia (2nd time) (s.a.)
1387 - Oct 1388
Mikolaj z Bogorii
(d. 1388)
c.1389
Dymitr z Goraja
(b. c.1340 - d. 1400)
c.1391
Mikolaj Wezyk z Rebowa
(d. af.1415)
bf.30Sep1394-af.9 Nov 1399 Zbigniew Lanckoronski z Brzezia
(d. 1425)
(1st time)
1399
Gniewosz z Dalewic
(d. 1406)
bf.18Aug 1399-af.22Feb1425 Zbigniew Lanckoronski z Brzezia
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
bf.7Apr 1426-af.24Jul 1430 Wawrzyniec Zaremba z Kalinowy
(d. 1453/54)
bf.21Oct1430-af.14Jan 1440 Jan Glowacz z Olesnicy
(b. c.1400 - d. 1460)
bf.30May1440-af.9 Mar 1462 Mikolaj Marszalkowic Lanckoronski
(d. 1462)
z Brzezia i Lanckorony
bf.2 May1462-af.10Oct 1477 Jan Rytwianski z Rytwian
(b. 1422 - d. 1478/79)
bf.24 Oct 1477 - 1492 Rafal Jakub
Jaroslawski z (s.a.)
Jaroslawia i z Przeworska
bf.21 Oct 1492-16 Apr 1505 Piotr Kmita z Wisnicza i z
(s.a.)
Sobienia
1505 - 30 Apr 1529
Stanislaw Chodecki z Chodcza (s.a.)
21 Mar 1529 - 31 Oct 1553 Piotr Kmita
(b. c.1477 - d. 1553)
21 Jun 1555 - 13 Mar 1561 Jan Mielecki
(b. 1501 - d. 1561)
22 Jul 1563 - 25 Apr 1574 Jan Firlej
(b c.1521 - d. 1574)
af.25 Apr 1574- 3 Mar 1593 Andrzej Opalinski
(b. 1540 - d. 1593)
30 Mar 1593-bf.19 Sep 1595 Stanislaw Przyjemski
(d. c.1595)
9 Mar 1596-af.27 Nov 1600 Mikolaj Zebrzydowski
(b. 1553 - d. 1620)
25 Jan 1603 - 5 Jul 1615 Zygmunt Myszkowski
(b. c.1562 - d. 1615)
6 Jul 1616 - 9 Mar 1630 Mikolaj Wolski
(b. 1553 - d. 1630)
15 Apr 1630-bf.19 Feb 1650 Lukasz Opalinski
(b. 1581 - d. 1654)
bf.19 Feb 1650-29 Dec 1664 Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
(b. 1616 - d. 1667)
17 Jan 1666 - 21 May 1674 Jan Sobieski
(s.a.)
19 Feb 1676–16/17 Jan 1702 Stanislaw Herakliusz Lubomirski
(b. 1642 – d. 1702)
17 Jan 1702 – 15 Dec 1702 Prince Józef Karol Lubomirski
(b. 1638 – d. 1702)
(acting to 25 Feb 1702)
15 Dec 1702 – 24 Mar 1713 Kazimierz Ludwik Bielinski
(b. 16.. - d. 1713)
(acting to 20 Dec 1702)
24 Mar 1713 - 2 Apr 1713 Wojciech Andrzej Dambski (acting)
(b. 1676 – d. 1725)
2 Apr 1713 – 20 May 1742 Józef Wandalin Mniszech
(b. 1670 – d. 1747)
21 May 1742 - 8 Oct 1766 Franciszek Bielinski
(b. c.1683 – d. 1766)
10 Oct 1766 – 12 Aug 1783 Prince Stanislaw Lubomirski
(b. c.1720 – d. 1783)
12 Aug 1783 – 23 Aug 1783 Franciszek Rzewuski
(b. c.1730 – d. 1800)
(acting to 19 Aug 1783)
23 Aug 1783 - 8 Jul 1793 Michal Jerzy Mniszech
(b. 1742 – d. 1806)
1 Aug 1793-af.17 Dec 1794 Fryderyk Józef Moszynski
(b. 1738 – d. 1817)
Presidents of the Council of ministers
5 Oct 1807 - 16 Dec 1807 Duke Stanislaw Malachowski
(s.a.)
16 Dec 1807 - 25 Mar 1809 Duke Ludwik Gutakowski
(b. 1738 - d. 1811)
25 Mar 1809 - May 1813 Stanislaw Kostka
Potocki (b.
1775 - d. 1821)
Chairman of the Provisional government
16 Sep 1831 - 22 Feb 1832 Theodor Engel
(b. 1769 - d. 1837)
Head of Civil Administration
8 Jun 1862 - 31 Oct 1863 Count Alexander Wielopolski,
(b. 1803 - d. 1877)
marquis of Gonzaga
Head of the Provisional Government
1 Feb 1917 - 20 Nov 1917 Michal Lempicki
(b. 1856 - d. 1930) Non-party
Prime ministers
27 Nov 1917 - 27 Feb 1918 Jan Kucharzewski (1st time)
(b. 1876 - d. 1952) Non-party
27 Feb 1918 - 4 Apr 1918 Antoni Ponikowski
(b. 1878 - d. 1949) SDN
4 Apr 1918 - 5 Sep 1918 Jan Kanty Steczkowski
(b. 1862 - d. 1929) SPN
5 Sep 1918 - 30 Sep 1918 Stanislaw Dzierzbicki (acting)
(b. 1854 - d. 1919) Non-party
30 Sep 1918 - 2 Oct 1918 Bohdan Broniewski (1st time)
(b. 1855 - d. 1922) Non-party
(acting)
2 Oct 1918 - 9 Oct 1918 Jan Kucharzewski (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(acting)
9 Oct 1918 - 26 Oct 1918 Bohdan Broniewski (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
(acting)
26 Oct 1918 - 4 Nov 1918 Józef Swiezynski
(b. 1864 - d. 1948) SND
4 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918 Wladyslaw Wróblewski
(acting) (b. 1875 - d. 1951) SND
Premier of the Provisional People's Government (at
Lublin)
7 Nov 1918 - 17 Nov 1918 Ignacy Ewaryst Daszynski
(b. 1866 - d. 1936) PPSD
(in dissidence to 14 Nov 1918)
Prime ministers (president of ministers to 20 Jul 1920;
from 20 Jul 1920,
chairmen of council of ministers)
17 Nov 1918 - 19 Jan 1919 Jedrzej Edward Moraczewski
(b. 1879 - d. 1944) PPS
19 Jan 1919 - 13 Dec 1919 Ignacy Paderewski
(b. 1860 - d. 1941) Non-party
13 Dec 1919 - 23 Jun 1920 Leopold Skulski
(b. 1878 - d. 1940?) NZL
23 Jun 1920 - 24 Jul 1920 Wladislaw Grabski (1st time)
(b. 1874 - d. 1938) ZLN
24 Jul 1920 - 19 Sep 1921 Wincenty Witos (1st time)
(b. 1874 - d. 1945) PSL-P
19 Sep 1921 - 26 Jun 1922 Antoni Ponikowski
(b. 1878 - d. 1949) ZLN
26 Jun 1922 - 16 Jul 1922 Artur Sliwinski
(b. 1877 - d. 1953) Non-party
16 Jul 1922 - 31 Jul 1922 Wojciech Korfanty
(b. 1873 - d. 1939) ChD
31 Jul 1922 - 16 Dec 1922 Julian Ignacy Nowak
(b. 1865 - d. 1946) Non-party
16 Dec 1922 - 29 May 1923 Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski
(b. 1881 - d. 1943)Mil/Non-party
(1st time)
29 May 1923 - 19 Dec 1923 Wincenty Witos (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PSL-P
19 Dec 1923 - 20 Nov 1925 Wladislaw Grabski (2nd time)
(s.a.)
ZLN
20 Nov 1925 - 10 May 1926 Count Aleksander Skrzynski
(b. 1882 - d. 1931) Non-party
10 May 1926 - 17 May 1926 Wincenty Witos (3rd time)
(s.a.)
PSL-P
17 May 1926 - 2 Oct 1926 Kazimierz Bartel (1st time)
(b. 1882 - d. 1941) PSL-W
2 Oct 1926 - 27 Jun 1928 Józef Klemens Pilsudski
(1st time) (s.a.)
Mil
27 Jun 1928 - 14 Apr 1929 Kazimierz Bartel (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PP;1928 BBWR
14 Apr 1929 - 29 Dec 1929 Kazimierz Switalski
(b. 1886 - d. 1962) BBWR
29 Dec 1929 - 29 Mar 1930 Kazimierz Bartel (3rd time)
(s.a.)
BBWR
29 Mar 1930 - 25 Aug 1930 Walery Slawek (1st time)
(b. 1879 - d. 1939 BBWR
25 Aug 1930 - 4 Dec 1930 Józef Klemens Pilsudski
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Mil
4 Dec 1930 - 27 May 1931 Walery Slawek (2nd time)
(s.a.)
BBWR
27 May 1931 - 12 May 1933 Aleksander Blazej Prystor
(b. 1874 - d. 1941) BBWR
12 May 1933 - 15 May 1934 Janusz Jedrzejewicz
(b. 1885 - d. 1951) BBWR
15 May 1934 - 28 Mar 1935 Leon Tadeusz Kozlowski
(b. 1892 - d. 1944) BBWR
28 Mar 1935 - 12 Oct 1935 Walery Slawek (3rd time)
(s.a.)
BBWR
12 Oct 1935 - 15 May 1936 Marian Koscialkowski-Zyndram
(b. 1892 - d. 1946) BBWR/OZN
15 May 1936 - 30 Sep 1939 Felicjan Slawoj-Skladkowski
(b. 1885 - d. 1962) Mil
(in Romania exile from 17 Sep 1939)
Prime ministers (Chairmen of the Council of Ministers)
21 Jul 1944 - 4 Feb 1947 Edward Osóbka-Morawski
(b. 1909 - d. 1997) PPS
(chairman of the Polish Committee of
National Liberation to 1 Jan 1945)
7 Feb 1947 - 20 Nov 1952 Józef Adam Zygmunt
Cyrankiewicz (s.a.)
PPS;1948 PZPR
(1st time)
20 Nov 1952 - 19 Mar 1954 Boleslaw Bierut
(s.a.)
PZPR
19 Mar 1954 - 23 Dec 1970 Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz
(s.a.)
PZPR
(2nd time)
23 Dec 1970 - 18 Feb 1980 Piotr Jaroszewicz
(b. 1909 - d. 1992) PZPR
18 Feb 1980 - 24 Aug 1980 Edward Babiuch
(b. 1927)
PZPR
24 Aug 1980 - 9 Feb 1981 Józef Pinkowski
(b. 1929 - d. 2000) PZPR
(acting to 5 Sep 1980)
9 Feb 1981 - 6 Nov 1985 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski²
(s.a.)
PZPR/Mil
6 Nov 1985 - 27 Sep 1988 Zbigniew Messner
(b. 1929)
PZPR
27 Sep 1988 - 2 Aug 1989 Mieczyslaw Franciszek Rakowski
(s.a.)
PZPR
2 Aug 1989 - 24 Aug 1989 Czeslaw Kiszczak
(b. 1925)
PZPR
24 Aug 1989 - 4 Jan 1991 Tadeusz Mazowiecki
(b. 1927)
NSZZ/UD
4 Jan 1991 - 5 Dec 1991 Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
(b. 1951)
KLD
6 Dec 1991 - 5 Jun 1992 Jan Olszewski
(b. 1930)
PC
5 Jun 1992 - 8 Jul 1992 Waldemar Pawlak (1st time)
(b. 1959)
PSL
8 Jul 1992 - 26 Oct 1993 Hanna Suchocka (f)
(b. 1946)
UD
26 Oct 1993 - 6 Mar 1995 Waldemar Pawlak (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PSL
6 Mar 1995 - 7 Feb 1996 Józef Oleksy
(b. 1946)
SdRP/SLD
7 Feb 1996 - 17 Oct 1997 Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz
(b. 1950)
SdRP/SLD
17 Oct 1997 - 31 Oct 1997 Marek Belka (1st time) (acting)
(b. 1953)
SdRP/SLD
31 Oct 1997 - 19 Oct 2001 Jerzy Karol Buzek
(b. 1940)
AWS
19 Oct 2001 - 2 May 2004 Leszek Cezary Miller
(b. 1946)
SLD
2 May 2004 - 31 Oct 2005 Marek Belka (2nd time)
(s.a.)
SLD
31 Oct 2005 - 14 Jul 2006 Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
(b. 1959)
PiS
14 Jul 2006 - 16 Nov 2007 Jaroslaw Kaczynski
(b. 1949)
PiS
16 Nov 2007 -
Donald Tusk
(b. 1957) PO
![[State Flag of Poland]](pl-st.gif)
Presidents
30 Sep 1939 - 6 Jun 1947 Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz
(b. 1885 - d. 1947) Non-party
9 Jun 1947 - 7 Apr 1972 August Zaleski
(b. 1883 - d. 1972)PPS/Non-party
3 Aug 1954 - 7 Apr 1972 Council of Three (in opposition)
- Count Edward Bernard Andrzej
(b. 1891 - d. 1993) Non-party
Maria Raczynski
- Wladyslaw Anders
(b. 1892 - d. 1970) Non-party
(to 12 May 1970)
- Tomasz Arciszewski
(b. 1877 - d. 1955) PPS
(to 20 Nov 1955)
- Count Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski
(b. 1895 - d. 1966)Mil/Non-party
(1956 - 24 Aug 1966)
- Roman Wladyslaw Odzierzynski
(b. 1892 - d. 1975)Mil/Non-party
(1966-1968)
- Stanislaw Mglej (1968-1969)
- Alfred Urbanski (from 1969)
(b. 1899 - d. 1983) Non-party
- Stanislaw Kopanski (from 1970) (b.
1895 - d. 1976)Mil/Non-party
9 Apr 1972 - 24 Mar 1979 Stanislaw Ostrowski
(b. 1892 - d. 1982) Non-party
8 Apr 1979 - 8 Apr 1986 Count Edward Bernard
Andrzej Maria (s.a.)
Non-party
Raczynski
8 Apr 1986 - 19 Jul 1989 Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat
(b. 1913 - d. 1989) Non-party
19 Jul 1989 - 22 Dec 1990 Ryszard Kaczorowski
(b. 1919 - d. 2010)
Non-party
Prime ministers
30 Sep 1939 - 18 Jul 1940 Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
18 Jul 1940 - 20 Jul 1940 August Zaleski
(s.a.)
PPS
20 Jul 1940 - 4 Jul 1943 Wladyslaw Eugeniusz Sikorski
(s.a.)
Mil
(3rd time)
5 Jul 1943 - 29 Nov 1944 Stanislaw Mikolajczyk
(b. 1901 - d. 1966) SL
(acting to 14 Jul 1943)
29 Nov 1944 - 2 Jul 1947 Tomasz Arciszewski
(s.a.)
PPS
2 Jul 1947 - 7 Apr 1949 Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski
(s.a.)
Mil/Non-party
7 Apr 1949 - 25 Sep 1950 Count Tadeusz Tomaszewski
(b. 1894 - d. 1967)
25 Sep 1950 - 18 Jan 1954 Roman Wladyslaw Odzierzynski
(s.a.)
Mil/Non-party
18 Jan 1954 - 8 Jun 1954 Jerzy M. Hryniewski
(b. 1895 - d. 1978) LNP
8 Jun 1954 - 8 Aug 1955 Stanislaw Cat-Mackiewicz
(b. 1896 - d. 1966) BBWR
8 Aug 1955 - 11 Sep 1955 Hugon Hanke
(b. 1904 - d. 1964) SP
11 Sep 1955 - 25 Jun 1965 Antoni Pajak
(b. 1893 - d. 1965) PPS
25 Jun 1965 - 16 Jul 1970 Aleksander Zawisza
(b. 1896 - d. 1977) Non-party
16 Jul 1970 - 15 Jul 1972 Zygmunt Muchniewski
(b. 1896 - d. 1979) ChD
15 Jul 1972 - 2 Jul 1976 Alfred Urbanski
(s.a.)
Non-party
5 Aug 1976 - 7 Apr 1986 Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat
(s.a.)
Non-party
7 Apr 1986 - 22 Dec 1990 Edward Szczepanik
(b. 1915 - d. 2005) LNP
French Residents in the Duchy of Warsaw
9 Jul 1807 - Dec 1807 Étienne
Vincent
(b. 1781 - d. 1809)
28 Jan 1808 - 16 Mar 1810 Jean-Charles Serra
(b. 1760 - d. 1813)
(from 1810, Jean-Charles Baron de Serra)
16 Mar 1811 - 5 Jul 1812 Louis Édouard Bignon
(1st time) (b. 1771 - d. 1841)
5 Jul 1812 - 9 Dec 1812 Dominique Georges Dufour
de Pradt (b. 1759 - d. 1837)
9 Dec 1812 - 14 Mar 1813 Louis Édouard Bignon
(2nd time) (s.a.)
¹Under the elective kingship, a king assumed
office upon his coronation at the Coronation Diet. The record also includes
the date of proclamation of the election at the Election Diet. From 6 Jan
1573, during a vacancy in the elective kingship, the primate of Poland
ex officio (occasionally another prelate, in emergency situations) headed
the state with the style Interrex. Informally from 4 Jul 1569, constitutionally
from 3 May 1791, Poland and Lithuania constituted the United Commonwealth
of Two Nations; the Polish king also had the style of Grand Prince of Lithuania,
and the two countries were governed together and were represented on the
Diets. Although de jure the Polish Interrex only dealt with Poland during
a vacancy in the kingship (the Lithuanian Council of State dealing with
Lithuania), this is de facto a spurious distinction.
The full style of Polish kings (and Grand Princes of Lithuania)
from 1573 was (in official Latin): Dei Gratiae Rex Poloniae, Magnus
Dux Lituaniae, Russiae, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogithiae, Kiioviae, Volhyniae,
Podoliae, Podlachiae, Livoniae, Smolensciae, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque.
In Polish: Z Bozej laski Król Polski, Wielki Ksiaze Litewski,
Ruski, Pruski, Mazowiecki, Zmudzki, Kijowski, Wolynski, Podolski, Podlaski,
Inflancki, Smolenski, Siewierski i Czernihowski ("by the Grace of God,
King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogithia,
Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, Podlachia, Livonia, Smolensk, Severia and Chernigov");
9 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1813 The full style of the Duke: Z
Bozej laski Król Saski Xiaze Warszawski ("by the Grace of God,
King of Saxony and Duke of Warsaw").
²A Military Council for National Salvation (WRON), chaired by Wojciech W. Jaruzelski (s.a.) ruled in 12 Dec 1981 - 22 Jul 1983 while the martial law (declared 13 Dec 1982) was in force. Its members were: Wojciech W. Jaruzelski (s.a.), Józef Baryla, Kazimierz Garbacik, Miroslaw Hermaszewski, Tadeusz Hupalowski, Ludwik Janczyszyn, Michal Janiszewski, Jerzy Jarosz, Czeslaw Kiszczak, Tadeusz Krepski, Roman Les, Longin Lozowicki, Tadeusz Makarewicz, Eugeniusz Molczyk, Wlodzimierz Oliwa, Czeslaw Piotrowski, Henryk Rapacewicz, Florian Siwicki, Tadeusz Tuczapski, Józef Uzycki and Jerzy Wlosinski.
³The Polish Government in exile lost the diplomatic
recognition of the Western allies
on 5 Jul 1945.
Polish Noble Titles: Archduke/Archduchess = Arcyksiaze/Arcyksiezna;
Baron/Baroness = Baron/Baronesa; Count/Countessa = Hrabia/Hrabina;
Count Palatine = Hrabia Palatyn; Duke/Duchess = Diuk/Diuszesa;
Emperor/Empress = Cesarz/Cesarzowa; King/Queen = Krol/Krolowa;
Leader = Naczelnik (not a noble title, but the style used
by leaders of National Insurrections in Poland); Lord/Lady = Senior (sometimes
also referred as Pan/Pani); Margrave = Margrabia or
Markiz/Markiza;
Prince/Princess = Ksiaze/Ksiezna the style
Kniaz/Kniahini or
Kniagini
(title
was also used is easten parts of Poland for old families of tribal rulers,
equal to prince/ksiaze, but more distinguished); Prince/Princess Royal
= Krolewicz/Krolewna; Viscount/Viscountess = Wicehrabia/Wicehrabina.
Territorial Disputes: As a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its eastern borders with Belarus and Ukraine.
Party abbreviations: AWSP = Koalicja Akcja Wyborcza
Solidarnosc Prawicy (Coalition Electoral Action Solidarity of the Right,
conservative coalition, est.2001); PiS = Prawo i Sprawiedliwosc
(Law and Justice, anti-corruption, conservative); PO = Platforma
Obywatelska (Citizens' Platform, centrist); PSL = Polskie Stronnictwo
Ludowe (Polish Peasant Party, conservative, agrarian); SKL = Stronnictwo Konserwatywno-Ludowe (Conservative People's Party); SLD = Sojusz
Lewicy Demokratycznej (Alliance of Democratic Left, former SdRP and PZPR,
social-democratic, est.1999, parliamentary coalition incl. SdRP Jul 1991-Jun
1999);
UP = Unia Pracy (Labor Union, in coalition with SLD, socialist);
UW
= Unia Wolnosci (Democratic Union/Freedom Union, est.1994 by KLD and UD);
Mil
= Military;
- Former Parties: AWS = Akcja Wyborcza Solidarnosc
(Solidarity Electoral Action of the Right, conservative coalition, 1996-2001,
later AWSP); BBWR = Bezpartyjny Blok Wspólpracy z Rzadem
(Non-party Bloc for Cooperation with the Government, govt. party 20 Jan
1928-30 Oct 1935);
ChD = Chrzescijanska Demokracja (Christian Democracy); KLD
= Kongres Liberalno-Demokratyczny (Liberal Democratic Congress, ended 1994);
LNP
= Liga Niezaleznosci Polski (League of Poland's Independence); ND
=
Narodowej Demokracji (People's Democracy, from 1919 ZLN);
NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National
Socialist German Worker's Party, Nazi party, German fascist); NSZZ
= Niezalezny Samorzadzacy Zwiazek Zawodowy "Solidarnosc" (Independent Self-Governing
Trade Union "Solidarity", labor union, democratic, conseravtive, later
base of AWS); NZL = Narodowe Zjednoczenie Ludowe (National People's
Union, est.Aug 1919, 1923 united with PSL); OZN = Obóz Zjednozczenia
Narodowego (Camp of National Unity, 21 Feb 1937-Sep 1939 pro-government,
authoritarian);
PC = Porozumienie Centrum (Center Alliance, 1990-99);
PP
= Partia Pracy (Labor Party);
PPR = Polska Partia Robotnicza (Polish
Workers' Party, 1943-48, communist);
PPS = Polska Partia Socjalistyczna
(Polish Socialist Party, to 1948); PPSD = Polska Partia Socjaldemokratyczna
(Polish Social Democratic Party, from 1919 PPS);
PSL = Polskei Stronnictwo
Ludowe (Polish Peasant Party, agrarian, 1903-13, split 1913 into PSL-Lewica
[from 1915 PSL-W] and PSL-P); PSL-P = Polskei Stronnictwo Ludowe-Piast
(Polish Peasant Party "Piast", agrarian);
PSL-W = Polskei Stronnictwo
Ludowe-Wyzwolenie (Polish Peasant Party "Liberation"); PZPR = Polska
Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza (Polish United Workers' Party, 20 Dec 1948-29
Jan 1990, communist); SDN = Stronnictwo Demokratyczno-Narodowe (National
Democratic Party); SdRP = Socjaldemokracja Rzeczpospolitej Rolskiej
(Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland, est.29 Jan 1990 from the dissolved
PZPR; core of the SLD coalition; 17 Jun 1999 merged into SLD);
SL
= Stronnictwo Ludowe (People's Party); SND
= Stronnictwa Narodowo-Demokratyczne
(People's Democratic Party); SNN = Stronnictwo Niezawislosci Narodowej
(National Independence Party); SP = Stronnictwo Pracy (Labor Party);
SPN
= Stronnictwo Prawicy Narodowej (Party of National Right);
SPR =
Stronnictwo Polityki Realnej (Party of Real Politics); UD = Unia
Demokratyczna (Democratic Union, 1991-94, from 1994 UW);
ZLN = Zjednoczenie Ludowo-Narodowe (Popular National Union,
former ND, est.1919)
Polish Soviet Socialist Republic
![[Polish Soviet Socialist Republic]](su-lt19.gif)
30 Jul 1920
Provisional Revolutionary (Communist) Committee
of Poland formed in Bialystok.
20 Aug 1920
Dissolved.
Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Poland
30 Jul 1920 - 20 Aug 1920 Julian Baltazar Marchlewski
(b. 1866 - d. 1925)
(Chairman)
- Feliks Dzierzynski
(b. 1877 - d. 1926)
- Feliks Kon
(b. 1864 - d. 1941)
- Edward Próchniak
(b. 1888 - d. 1937)
- Józef Unszlicht
(b. 1879 - d. 1938)
Galicia and Lodomeria
-
![[First Galician flag]](gal-1.gif)
- .... - ....
-
-
![[Second Galician flag to 1849]](ah-gal.gif)
- .... - 1849
-
-
![[Third Galician Flag, 1849-1918]](gal-3.gif)
- 1849 - 1 Nov 1918
-
- 501 Part of Poland.
- c.998 - 1084 Galicia-Volynya
- 1084 Part of Przemysl.
- 1188 - 1189 Hungarian rule.
- 1189 Principality of Galicia
- 1210 - 1211 Hungarian rule.
- 1216 - 1221 Hungarian rule.
- c.1253 Kingdom of Galicia
- 1349 Part of Poland.
- 1379 - 1387 Hungarian rule.
- 5 Aug 1772 Parts of Little Poland (Malopolska) and Red Ruthenia (Rus Czerwona)
- annexed by Austria.
- Sep 1772 Austria creates the kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
- (in German: Königreich Galizien und Lodomerien,
- in Polish: Galicja i Lodomeria).
- 26 Apr 1795 Little Poland (Malopolska) annexed to Austria as Western Galicia
- (from 1 Nov 1803, part of Galicia and Lodomeria).
- Apr 1809 Western Galicia ceded to Duchy of Warsaw (from 1815, part of
- Russian Poland), but previous annexations remain part of Austria.
- 21 Dec 1867 Autonomy granted as part of "Austrian half" of the Austro-Hungarian
- Monarchy (i.e. of the "Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the
- Imperial Diet").
- 3 Sep 1914 - 26 Jul 1917 Russian occupation of most of Galicia (in Lemberg [Lvov] 3 Sep 1914
- - 22 Jun 1915, Przemysl 22 Mar 1915 - 3 Jul 1915).
- 1 Nov 1918 Incorporated into Poland.
- 6 Jul 1920 - 21 Sep 1920 Galitzian Socialist Soviet Republic at Ternopol
- (see under Ukraine).
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Sep 1772 - 1 Nov 1918 the archdukes of Austria
Governors
20 Oct 1772 - Jan 1774 Johann Baptist Anton Graf von (b. 1725 - d. 1814)
Persen
Jan 1774 - Jun 1774 Andreas Graf Hadik von Futak (b. 1710 - d. 1790)
Jun 1774 - Jun 1780 Heinrich Josef Johann von (b. 1697 - d. 1783)
Auersperg
Jun 1780 - Oct 1794 Joseph Graf Brigido (b. 1733 - d. 1817)
Oct 1794 - Jul 1795 Joseph Szekely
1 Jul 1795 - Feb 1801 Johann Jakob Graf von Gaisruck (b. 17.. - d. 1801)
Feb 1801 - Aug 1801 Joseph Franz da Paula Graf von (b. 1756 - d. 1822)
Sweerts-Sporck (acting)
Sep 1801 - Jul 1806 Józef Freiherr von Úrményi (b. 1741 - d. 1822)
Jul 1806 - Mar 1809 Christian Wurmser
Military governors
1806 - 1808 Heinrich Joseph Johannes (b. 1756 - d. 1845)
Graf von Bellegarde (1st time)
1808 - 1809 ....
1809 - 1813 Heinrich Joseph Johannes (s.a.)
Graf von Bellegarde (2nd time)
1813 - 1814 Michael Freiherr von Klienmayr (b. 1755 - d. 1828)
Governors
Mar 1810 - Apr 1815 Peter Goess (b. 1774 - d. 1828)
Apr 1815 - Jul 1815 Georg Oechsner (acting)
Aug 1815 - Nov 1877 Franz Seraph Freiherr von Hauer (b. 1777 - d. 1822)
(acting to Sep 1817)
Nov 1822 - Aug 1826 Ludwig Patrick Taafe (b. 1791 - d. 1855)
Governors-general
Aug 1826 - Sep 1832 August Longin Fürst von Lobkowitz (b. 1797 - d. 1842)
Sep 1832 - 2 Jul 1846 Ferdinand Karl Joseph d'Este (b. 1781 - d. 1850)
Erzherzog von Österreich
Jul 1846 - Aug 1847 Franz Freiherr Krieg von (b. 1776 - d. 1856)
Hochfelden (acting)
1 Aug 1847 - Jun 1848 Franz Seraph Graf Stadion von (b. 1806 - d. 1853)
Warthausen und Thannhausen
Jun 1848 - Jul 1848 Wilhelm Karl Konrad Freiherr von (b. 1808 - d. 1870)
Hammerstein
+ Agenor Romuald Onufry Graf (b. 1812 - d. 1875)
Goluchowski von Goluchowo
(acting)
30 Jul 1848 - 15 Jan 1849 Wenzel Zalewski (b. 1800 - d. 1849)
15 Jan 1849 - 13 Dec 1859 Agenor Romuald Onufry Graf (s.a.)
Goluchowski (1st time)
1859 - 1860 Joseph Freiherr von Kalchberg (b. 1801 - d. 1882)
(acting)
1860 - 1861 Karl Ritter von Mosch (acting)
1861 - 27 Oct 1864 Alexander Graf Mensdorff-Pouilly (b. 1813 - d. 1871)
1864 - 19 Oct 1866 Franz Xaver Freiherr von (b. 1811 - d. 1866)
Paumgarten
20 Oct 1866 - 7 Oct 1867 Agenor Romuald Onufry Graf (s.a.)
Goluchowski (2nd time)
1867 - 1871 Ludwik von Choborski Freiherr (b. 1823 - d. 1905)
Possinger (acting)
20 Jul 1871 - 3 Aug 1875 Agenor Romuald Onufry Graf (s.a.)
Goluchowski (3rd time)
24 Nov 1875 - 10 Aug 1883 Alfred Józef Graf Potocki von (b. 1817 - d. 1889)
Pilawa
10 Aug 1883 - Sep 1888 Filip Zaleski (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
Oct 1888 - Sep 1895 Kazimierz Feliks Graf Badeni (b. 1846 - d. 1909)
25 Sep 1895 - Mar 1898 Eustachy Fürst Sanguszko (b. 1842 - d. 1903)
31 Mar 1898 - Jun 1903 Leon Graf von Pilinski (b. 1857 - d. 1938)
8 Jun 1903 - 12 Apr 1908 Andrzej Graf Potocki von Pilawa (b. 1861 - d. 1908)
28 Apr 1908 - 14 May 1913 Michal Bobrzynski (b. 1849 - d. 1935)
14 May 1913 - 20 Aug 1915 Witold Korytowski (b. 1850 - d. 1923)
Aug 1915 - 8 Apr 1916 Hermann von Colard (b. 1857 - d. 1916)
Apr 1916 - Mar 1917 Erich Freiherr von Diller (b. 1859 - d. 1936)
1917 - 1 Nov 1918 Karl Georg Graf Huyn (b. 1857 - d. 1938)
Russian Military governors in occupied Galicia
Sep 1914 - 1915 Georgy Aleksandrovich Bobrynski (b. 1863 - d. 1928)
1916 - 26 Jul 1917 Fyodor Fyodorovich Trepov (b. 1854 - d. 1938)
General Commissar of Regency of Polish Kingdom
1917 - Nov 1918 Prince Witold Czartoryski (b. 1864 - d. 1945)
Presidents of Province Parliament (Marszalek Sejmu Krajowego)
11 Apr 1861 - 19 Mar 1875 Prince Leon Ludwik Sapieha
(b. 1802 - d. 1878)
19 Mar 1875 - Dec 1875 Duke Alfred Józef
Potocki von (b. 1817 - d. 1889)
Pilawa
7 Mar 1876 - 1876
Duke Wlodzimierz Ksawery Tadeusz (b. 1825 - d. 1899)
Dzieduszycki
8 Aug 1877 - 1881
Duke Ludwik Wodzicki
(b. 1834 - d. 1894)
14 Sep 1881 - 6 Nov 1886 Mikolaj Zyblikiewicz
(b. 1825 - d. 1886)
18 Nov 1886 - 1890
Duke Jan Józef Tarnowski
(b. 1826 - d. 1898)
14 Oct 1890 - 24 Sep 1895 Prince Eustachy Stanislaw
(b. 1842 - d. 1903)
Sanguszko
31 Oct 1895 - 7 Oct 1901 Duke Stanislaw Marcin Badeni
(b. 1850 - d. 1912)
(1st time)
9 Oct 1901 - 1903
Duke Andrzej Potocki von Pilawa (b. 1861 - d. 1908)
26 Jun 1903 - Jun 1912 Duke Stanislaw Marcin
Badeni (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1913 - 15 Apr 1914
Adam Maria Stanislaw Goluchowski (b. 1855 - d. 1914)
von Goluchowo
15 May 1914 - Nov 1918 Stanislaw Niezabitowski
(b. 1860 - d. 1941)
Ministers of State for Galicia (in Vienna)
11 Apr 1871 - 22 Nov 1871 Kazimierz Grocholski (acting)
(b. 1815 - d. 1888)
25 Nov 1871 - 21 Apr 1873 Joseph Unger (acting)
(b. 1828 - d. 1913)
21 Apr 1873 - 11 Oct 1888 Florian Freiherr Ziemialkowski
(b. 1817 - d. 1900)
11 Oct 1888 - 12 Nov 1892 Filip Zaleski
(b. 1836 - d. 1911)
12 Nov 1892 - 11 Nov 1893 .... (acting)
11 Nov 1893 - 29 Sep 1895 Apolinary Jaworski
(b. 1825 - d. 1904)
29 Sep 1895 - 17 Jan 1897 Leo Bilinski (acting)
(s.a.)
17 Jan 1896 - 30 Nov 1897 Edward Rittner
(b. 1845 - d. 1899)
30 Nov 1897 - 16 Dec 1897 Vacant
16 Dec 1897 - 5 Mar 1898 Hermann Freiherr von Loebl
(b. 1835 - d. 1907)
5 Mar 1898 - 2 Oct 1899 Adam Jedrzejowicz
(b. 1847 - d. 1924)
2 Oct 1899 - 18 Jan 1900 Kazimierz Chledowski
(b. 1843 - d. 1920)
19 Jan 1900 - 28 May 1906 Leonard Pietak
(b. 1841 - d. 1909)
2 Jun 1906 - 9 Nov 1907 Count Wojciech Dzieduszycki
(b. 1848 - d. 1909)
9 Nov 1907 - 3 Mar 1909 Dawid Abrahamowicz
(b. 1839 - d. 1926)
3 Mar 1909 - 9 Jan 1911 Wladyslaw Duleba
(b. 1851 - d. 1930)
9 Jan 1911 - 19 Nov 1911 Waclaw Zaleski
(b. 1868 - d. 1913)
19 Nov 1911 - 28 Dec 1913 Wladyslaw Dlugosz
(b. 1864 - d. 1937)
28 Dec 1913 - 2 Jan 1914 Vacant
2 Jan 1914 - 21 Oct 1916 Zdislaw Karol Dzierzykraj-Morawski
(b. 1859 - d. 1928)
31 Oct 1916 - 23 Jun 1917 Michal Bobrzynski
(s.a.)
23 Jun 1917 - 25 Jul 1918 Juliusz Twardowski von Skrzypna
(b. 1874 - d. 1945)
26 Jul 1918 - 30 Oct 1918 Kazimierz Galecki von Junosza
(b. 1863 - d. 1941)
West Galicia
1 Nov 1803
Incorporated into Galicia and Lodomeria.
May 1809
Occupied by the Duchy of Warsaw.
14 Oct 1809
Annexed to the Duchy of Warsaw (see Poland).
Dec 1809
Formally incorporated to the Duchy of Warsaw.
Commissioner
16 Mar 1796 - 1801
Johann Wenzel von Margelik
(b. c.1750 - d. 18..)
Governors
6 Feb 1801 - 1803
Johann Nepomuk Graf von
Trautmannsdorf
Jun 1803 - 1 Nov 1803 Anton Baum
von Apfelhofen (acting)
President of the Central Military Provisional Government for
the Two Galicias
May 1809 - Dec 1809 Duke
Stanislaw Zamoyski
(b. 1775 - d. 1856)
Cracow (Kraków)
-
![[Cracow (Kraków) Free City 1815-1846]](pl-kkw2.gif)
- 1815 - 3 Mar 1846
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(1843 est.) | Constitution (3 May 1818; in French) |
26 Apr 1795 Annexed by Austria from Poland.
14 Oct 1809 Part of Grand Duchy of Warsaw.
1813 Occupied by Austria and Russia.
2 May 1815 - 3 Mar 1846 "Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow With
Its Territory" (often styled Cracow Republic) under the
protection of Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
1831 Occupied by Russia.
1836 - 1841 Occupied by Austria.
3 Mar 1846 - 15 Oct 1918 Annexed to Austria; from 16 Nov 1846 styled Grand Duchy of
Cracow, under the emperor of Austria; from the Ausgleich of
21 Dec 1867 that established the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy,
a territory in the Austrian half of the Monarchy.
15 Oct 1918 Part of Poland.
Chairmen of the Governing Senate of the Cracow Republic
2 Nov 1815 - 18 Jan 1831 Count Stanislaw Karol Wodzicki
(b. 1759 - d. 1843)
18 Jan 1831 - 24 Mar 1833 No permanent chairman
24 Mar 1833 - 26 Feb 1836 Kacper Wieloglowski
26 Feb 1836 - 27 Apr 1839 Józef Haller de Hallenburg
(b. 1783 - d. 1850)
27 Apr 1839 - 27 Oct 1839 Antoni Bystrzonowski (1st time)
(b. 1769 - d. 1848)
(acting)
27 Oct 1839 - 27 Dec 1839 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler
(b. 1802 - d. 1890)
(1st time) (acting)
27 Dec 1839 - 27 Feb 1840 Antoni Bystrzonowski (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
27 Feb 1840 - 27 Apr 1840 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
27 Apr 1840 - 27 Jun 1840 Antoni Bystrzonowski (3rd time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
27 Jun 1840 - 27 Aug 1840 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler
(s.a.)
(3rd time) (acting)
27 Aug 1840 - 27 Oct 1840 Antoni Bystrzonowski (4th time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
27 Oct 1840 - 27 Dec 1840 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler
(s.a.)
(4th time) (acting)
27 Dec 1840 - 27 Feb 1841 Antoni Bystrzonowski (5th time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
27 Feb 1841 - 22 Feb 1846 Jan Chrzciciel Schindler
(s.a.)
(5th time) (acting to 2 Mar 1841)
Chairman of the Committee of Safety
22 Feb 1846
Count Józef Wincenty Wodzicki (b. 1773 - d. 1847)
(1st time)
22 Feb 1846 - 24 Feb 1846 National Government of the Polish
Republic
- Ludwik Gorzkowski
(b. 1811 - d. bf.1857)
- Jan Józef Tyssowski
(b. 1811 - d. 1857)
- Aleksander Górka-Grzegorzewski
(b. 1806 - d. 1855)
Dictator of the Polish Republic
24 Feb 1846 - 2 Mar 1846 Jan Józef Tyssowski
(s.a.)
Chairman of the Committee of Safety
2 Mar 1846 - 3 Mar 1846 Count Józef Wincenty
Wodzicki (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Grand Dukes (title Grossherzog von Krakau)
16 Nov 1846 - 11 Nov 1918 the Emperors of Austria
Podolia
![Ottoman flag]](tro-civ.gif)
18 - 27 Aug 1672
Turkish occupation of Podolia or Kamyanets-Podilsky
(Kamieniec Podolski).
18 Oct 1672
Treaty of Buchach, Ottoman Empire annexes Podilia.
(Ejalet of Kamieniec)
26 Jan 1699
Treaty of Karlowitz, Ottomans agrees to return Podolia.
5 - 22 Sep 1699
Ottomans evacuate Kamienca.
23 Jan 1793
Podolia annexed by Russia (part of Ukraine).
Beylerbeys
2 Sep 1672 - 1675/76 Köstendili Koca
Halil Pasha (b. c.1620 -
d. 1685)
(1st time)
1675/76 - Sep 1677
Arnavut Uzun Ibrahim Pasha (b. 165.
- d. 1683
Sep 1677 - 680
Köstendili Koca Halil Pasha (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1680 - 1682
Defterdar Ahmet Pasha
(d. 1683)
1682 - 4 Jan 1685 Arnavut Abdurrahman Abdi Pasha (b. c.1605 - d. 1686)
Dec 1684
Tokatli Mahmud Pasha
(b. 1639/40 - d. 1684)
Feb/Mar 1685 - 11 May 1686 Biyikli Silahdar Mustafa Pasha
(d. 1698)
25 May 1686 - 1688
Bosnali Sari Hüseyn Pasha
(d. af.1690)
1688 - Jan 1689
Yegen Ahmet
(d. 1689)
Jan 1689 - 22 Sep 1699 Mustafa Ibrahim
oglu Kahraman Bey
Teschen (Cieszyn): see under Czech Republic
Danzig
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![[Danzig 1457-1939 (Prussia, Germany)]](de_danz.gif)
![[Danzig variant (Prussia, Germany)]](de_dan-c.gif)
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(1919-1939) |
"Für Danzig" (For Danzig) |
(1920-1939) |
(17 Nov 1920 - 2 Sep 1939; in German) |
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(adopted Sep 1923) |
Free City of Danzig Day |
366,730 (1933) |
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Imports: $238.2 million (1937) note: includes Polish figures due to customs union |
Russian and Ukrainian 0.72%, other 0.47% (1923) |
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Armed Forces (Heinweher): 1,542 (Jul-Oct 1939) Polish Westerplatte Force: 90 (1938) Defense was the Responsibility of Poland 1920-39 Merchant marine: 32 ships (1939) |
Roman Catholic 34.5%, other Christian 1.6%, Jewish 2.3%, other 1% (1924) |
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| International Organizations/Treaties 1920-1939: ICPC, ICRM, ITU, LORCS, UIBPIP, UPU | |||
- 9th cent.
First written mention about settlement.
- fief and (from 1138) a division of Poland.
- 1178
Pomerelia (also called East, Upper or Little Pomerania),
having
been informal subdivision of Pomerania from 1137,
has gradually - Princes of Danzig (from 1234, the Princes of Pomerelia).
- 1224 City rights granted.
- 1227 Pomerelia independent.
- 1245 Danzig a member of the Hanseatic League.
- 25 Dec 1294 Pomerelia inherited by the prince of Greater Poland and
- restored to Poland.
- 1301 - 1302 Occupied by the Teutonic Order.
- 14 Nov 1308 Danzig (and Pomerelia) conquered by the Teutonic Order.
- 13 Sep 1309 Danzig (and Pomerelia)(Herzogtum der Pommerellen) incorporated
- into the territories of the Teutonic Order (recognized by
- Poland 1343).
- 1342
First mayors elected (Bürgermeister); four mayors were elected
by the Council until 1793. The first had the title
of President - President gave power to the Vice-President and became the
- fourth mayor, etc.
- 1440 Accession of Danzig to the Prussian League.
- 11 Feb 1454 Teutonic knights driven from Danzig in a rebellion.
- 6 Mar 1454 Incorporated into Poland as part of Royal (West) Prussia.
- 25 May 1457 Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig) under the sovereignty
- of Poland.
- 19 Oct 1466 Polish sovereignty over Danzig and West Prussia recognized by
- the Teutonic Order.
- Nov 1520 (4 days) Under siege by the Teutonic Order.
- 13 Jun 1577 - 15 Jun 1577 Under siege by Stephan Bathory, King of Poland.
- 8 Aug 1577 - 3 Sep 1577 Under siege by Stephan Bathory, King of Poland.
- 16 Dec 1577 City finally pays homage to the King of Poland.
- 1626 Danzig under siege by Sweden.
- 3 May 1660 Oliwa incorporated into Danzig.
- 1704 Danzig under siege by Sweden.
- 17 Jan 1734 - 29 May 1734 Russia and Saxony lay siege to Danzig against the King of Poland
- Stanislaw Leszczynski.
- 5 Aug 1772 West Prussia annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of
- the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Danzig becomes an enclave
- separated from Poland, but under Polish suzerainty.
- 4 Apr 1793 Occupied by Prussia.
- 7 Apr 1793 Annexed to Prussia.
- 7 Mar 1807 - 24 May 1807 Under siege by French troops under François-Joseph Lefebvre).
- 24 May 1807 French occupation.
- 9 Jul 1807 Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig)(theoretically under the
- joint protection of Prussia and Saxony, but de facto a
- French protectorate).
- 22 Jan 1813 - 29 Nov 1813 Under siege by Russian troops under Alexander Herzog von
- Württemberg (b. 1771 - d. 1833).
- 2 Jan 1814 Occupied by Prussia and Russia.
- 13 Feb 1814 Part of Prussia (and from 1871 Germany).
- 10 Jan 1920 Under the authority of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers,
- City of Danzig (Stadt Danzig).
- 15 Nov 1920 Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig)(under League of Nations
- auspices).
- 17 Apr 1924 League of Nations allows Poland to maintain a small garrison
- (about 90 men) on the Westerplatte peninsula (effective Jan 1926).
- 6 Mar 1933 - 16 Mar 1933 Poland occupies the port of Danzig in an effort to reassert
- Polish prestige in the Free City.
- 1 Sep 1939 Danzig incorporated into Germany (as the state of Danzig).
- 26 Oct 1939 United with occupied parts of Poland as Reichsgau Westpreussen.
- Jan 1940 Renamed Danzig-Westpreussen.
- 30 Mar 1945 Occupied by Soviet forces.
- 2 Apr 1945 Incorporated into Poland, renamed Gdansk.
- Aug 1945 At the Potsdam Conference, the victorious Allies decide on a
- provisional Polish administration over Danzig pending a
- future Peace treaty (annexed 26 Dec 1945)(recognized by
- East Germany 1950 and West Germany de facto 1970).
997 Visit of St. Adalbert (= St. Wojciech).
1123 Part of the Principality of Pomerania, which is a Polish
became a separate Polish division. Rulers of Pomerelia styled
(Präsident) or Presiding Mayor (Präsidierende Bürgermeister) and
had the highest executive authority, the second had the title
had the title of Vice-President (Vice-Präsident). The mayors
rotated their positions: after a year in the office, the
18 Jun 1526 - 1527 Philipp Bischoff (1st time) (b. 1465/70 - d. 1535)
1527 - 12 Apr 1529 Matthias Lange (b. c.1480 - 1529)
12 Apr 1529 - 19 May 1530 Eduard Niederhoff (1st time) (b. 1480/85 - d. 1634
19 May 1530 - 31 Mar 1531 Johann von Werden (1st time) (b. 1495 - d. 1554)
31 Mar 1531 - 1532 Philipp Bischoff (2nd time) (s.a.)
1532 - 3 Apr 1533 George Schewecke (1st time) (b. 1491 - d. 1547)
3 Apr 1533 - 5 Jan 1534 Eduard Niederhoff (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Jan 1534 - 16 Apr 1535 Johann von Werden (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Apr 1535 - 4 Apr 1536 Philipp Bischoff (3rd time) (s.a.)
4 Apr 1536 - 22 Mar 1537 George Schewecke (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Mar 1537 - 28 Mar 1538 Peter Böhm (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Mar 1538 - 27 Mar 1539 Johann von Werden (3rd time) (s.a.)
27 Mar 1539 - 8 Mar 1540 Barthel Brandt (1st time) (b. c.1490 - d. 1549)
8 Mar 1540 - Mar 1541 George Schewecke (3rd time) (s.a.)
Mar 1541 - 30 Mar 1542 Tiedemann Giese (1st time) (b. 1491 - d. 1556)
30 Mar 1542 - 1543 Johann von Werden (4th time) (s.a.)
1543 - Apr 1544 Barthel Brandt (2nd time) (s.a.)
Apr 1544 - 25 May 1545 George Schewecke (4th time) (s.a.)
25 May 1545 - 1546 Tiedemann Giese (2nd time) (s.a.)
1546 - Mar 1547 Johann von Werden (5th time) (s.a.)
Mar 1547 - 25 Mar 1548 Barthel Brandt (3rd time) (s.a.)
25 Mar 1548 - 4 Apr 1549 Tiedemann Giese (3rd time) (s.a.)
4 Apr 1549 - 7 Mar 1550 Johann Brandes (1st time) (b. 1503 - d. 1577)
7 Mar 1550 - Mar 1551 Johann von Werden (6th time) (s.a.)
Mar 1551 - 7 Apr 1552 Johann Stotte (b. 1494 - d. 1554)
7 Apr 1552 - 23 Apr 1553 Tiedemann Giese (4th time) (s.a.)
23 Apr 1553 - 20 Mar 1554 Johann Brandes (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1554 - 9 Apr 1555 Johann Stotte (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Apr 1555 - 1556 Tiedemann Giese (5th time) (s.a.)
1556 - 8 Apr 1557 Constantin Ferber (1st time) (b. 1520 - d. 1588)
8 Apr 1557 - 5 Apr 1558 Johann Brandes (3rd time) (s.a.)
5 Apr 1558 - 21 Mar 1559 Johann Prewte (1st time) (b. 1511 - d. 1578)
21 Mar 1559 - Feb/Mar 1560 George Kleeveldt (1st time) (b. 1522 - d. 1576)
Feb/Mar 1560 - 9 Apr 1561 Johann Brandes (4th time) (s.a.)
9 Apr 1561 - 24 Mar 1562 Constantin Ferber (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Mar 1562 - 1563 Johann Prewte (2nd time) (s.a.)
1563 - 20 Apr 1564 George Kleeveldt (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Apr 1564 - 23 Apr 1565 Constantin Ferber (3xrd time) (s.a.)
23 Apr 1565 - 1566 Johann Brandes (5th time) (s.a.)
1566 - 26 Mar 1567 Johann Prewte (3rd time) (s.a.)
26 Mar 1567 - 1568 George Kleeveldt (3rd time) (s.a.)
1568 - 1569 Constantin Ferber (4th time) (s.a.)
1569 - 22 Mar 1570 Johann Brandes (6th time) (s.a.)
22 Mar 1570 - 11 Apr 1571 Johann Prewte (4th time) (s.a.)
11 Apr 1571 - 1572 George Kleeveldt (4th time) (s.a.)
1572 - 30 Mar 1573 Constantin Ferber (5th time) (s.a.)
30 Mar 1573 - 22 Apr 1574 Johann Prewte (5th time) (s.a.)
22 Apr 1574 - 21 Apr 1575 George Kleeveldt (5th time) (s.a.)
21 Apr 1575 - Feb/Mar 1576 Constantin Ferber (6th time) (s.a.)
Feb/Mar 1576 - 3 Jun 1578 Johann Prewte (6th time) (s.a.)
3 Jun 1578 - 28 Apr 1579 Reinhold Möllner (1st time) (b. 1530 - d. 1585)
28 Apr 1579 - 21 Apr 1580 George Rosenberg (1st time) (b. 1531 - d. 1592)
21 Apr 1580 - 14 Apr 1581 Constantin Ferber (7th time) (s.a.)
14 Apr 1581 - 1582 Reinhold Möllner (2nd time) (s.a.)
1582 - 1583 Hans von der Linde (1st time) (b. 1542 - d. 1619)
1583 - 1584 George Rosenberg (2nd time) (s.a.)
1584 - 21 May 1585 Constantin Ferber (8th time) (s.a.)
21 May 1585 - 18 Mar 1586 Hans von der Linde (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1586 - 19 Mar 1587 George Rosenberg (3rd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1587 - Feb/Mar 1588 Daniel Czirenberg (1st time) (b. 1547 - d. 1602)
Feb/Mar 1588 - 23 Mar 1589 Hans von der Linde (3rd time) (s.a.)
23 Mar 1589 - 1590 George Rosenberg (4th time) (s.a.)
1590 - 21 Mar 1591 Constantin Giese (1st time) (b. 1542 - d. 1605)
21 Mar 1591 - 19 Mar 1592 Daniel Czirenberg (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1592 - 18 Mar 1593 Hans von der Linde (4th time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1593 - 17 Mar 1594 Gerhard Brandes (1st time) (b. 1555 - d. 1612)
17 Mar 1594 - 13 Apr 1595 Constantin Giese (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Apr 1595 - 14 Mar 1596 Daniel Czirenberg (3rd time) (s.a.)
14 Mar 1596 - 20 Mar 1597 Hans von der Linde (5th time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1597 - 26 Feb 1598 Gerhard Brandes (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Feb 1598 - 16 Mar 1599 Constantin Giese (3rd time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1599 - 17 Mar 1600 Daniel Czirenberg (4th time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1600 - 27 Mar 1601 Johann von der Linde (6th time) (s.a.)
27 Mar 1601 - 26 Mar 1602 Gerhard Brandes (3rd time) (s.a.)
26 Mar 1602 - 15 Apr 1603 Constantin Giese (4th time) (s.a.)
15 Apr 1603 - 10 Mar 1604 Johann von der Linde (7th time) (s.a.)
10 Mar 1604 - 24 Mar 1605 Johann Thorbecke (1st time) (b. 1547 - d. 1611)
24 Mar 1605 - 9 Mar 1606 Gerhard Brandes (4th time) (s.a.)
9 Mar 1606 - 12 Mar 1607 Barthol Schachmann (1st time) (b. 1559 - d. 1614)
12 Mar 1607 - 18 Mar 1608 Johann von der Linde (8th time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1608 - 17 Mar 1609 Johann Thorbecke (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1609 - 18 Mar 1610 Gerhard Brandes (5th time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1610 - 17 Mar 1611 Barthol Schachmann (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1611 - 27 Mar 1612 Johann von der Linde (9th time) (s.a.)
27 Mar 1612 - 5 Mar 1613 Barthol Schachmann (3rd time) (s.a.)
5 Mar 1613 - 18 Mar 1614 Andreas Borckmann (b. 1560 - d. 1616)
18 Mar 1614 - 26 Feb 1615 Hans Speimann (1st time) (b. 1563 - d. 1625)
26 Feb 1615 - 18 Mar 1616 Andreas Borckmann (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1616 - 16 Mar 1617 Barthel Brandt (b. 1564 - d. 1617)
16 Mar 1617 - 10 Apr 1618 Hans Speimann (2nd time) (s.a.)
10 Apr 1618 - 19 Mar 1619 Arnold von Holten (1st time) (b. 1561 - d. 1629)
19 Mar 1619 - 26 Mar 1620 Eggert von Kempen (1st time) (b. 1571 - d. 1636)
26 Mar 1620 - 17 Mar 1621 Valentin Bodecker von Bodeck (b. 1578 - d. 1635)
(1st time)
17 Mar 1621 - 17 Mar 1622 Hans Speimann (3rd time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1622 - 21 Mar 1623 Arnold von Holten (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1623 - 19 Mar 1624 Eggert von Kempen (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1624 - 17 Mar 1625 Valentin Bodecker von Bodeck (s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Mar 1625 - 3 Sep 1625 Hans Speimann (4th time) (s.a.)
3 Sep 1625 - 16 Mar 1627 Arnold von Holten (3rd time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1627 - 16 Mar 1628 Ernst Kerl (b. 1574 - d. 1629)
16 Mar 1628 - 28 Mar 1629 Eggert von Kempen (3rd time) (b. 1571 - d. 1636)
28 Mar 1629 - 19 Mar 1630 Valentin Bodecker von Bodeck (s.a.)
(3rd time)
19 Mar 1630 - 10 Apr 1631 Eggert von Kempen (4th time) (s.a.)
10 Apr 1631 - 22 Apr 1632 Hans Czirenberg (1st time) (b. 1574 - d. 1642)
22 Apr 1632 - 21 Apr 1633 Valentin Bodecker von Bodeck (s.a.)
(4th time)
21 Apr 1633 - 23 Apr 1634 Constantin Ferber (1st time) (b. 1580 - d. 1654)
23 Apr 1634 - 19 Apr 1635 Eggert von Kempen (5th time) (s.a.)
19 Apr 1635 - 13 Mar 1636 Hans Czirenberg (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Mar 1636 - 2 Apr 1637 Constantin Ferber (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Apr 1637 - 19 Mar 1638 Hans Rogge (1st time) (b. 1578 - d. 1644)
19 Mar 1638 - 31 Mar 1639 Johann Ernst Schröer (b. 1581 - d. 1639)
31 Mar 1639 - 22 Mar 1640 Hans Czirenberg (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Mar 1640 - 21 Mar 1641 Constantin Ferber (3rd time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1641 - 20 Mar 1642 Nicolaus Pahl (1st time) (b. 1595 - d. 1649)
20 Mar 1642 - 19 Mar 1643 Hans Rogge (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1643 - 28 Mar 1645 Constantin Ferber (4th time) (s.a.)
28 Mar 1645 - 20 Mar 1646 Nicolaus Pahl (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1646 - 21 Mar 1647 Daniel Falck (b. 1582 - d. 1646)
21 Mar 1647 - 17 Mar 1648 Adrian von der Linde (1st time) (b. 1610 - d. 1682)
17 Mar 1648 - 18 Mar 1649 Heinrich Freder (1st time) (b. 1604 - d. 1654)
18 Mar 1649 - 17 Mar 1650 Constantin Ferber (5th time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1650 - 21 Mar 1651 Adrian von der Linde (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1651 - 21 Mar 1652 Friedrich Ehler (1st time) (b. 1607 - d. 1665)
21 Mar 1652 - 18 Mar 1653 Heinrich Freder (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1653 - 26 Feb 1654 Constantin Ferber (6th time) (s.a.)
26 Feb 1654 - 16 Mar 1655 Adrian von der Linde (3rd time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1655 - 16 Mar 1656 Friedrich Ehler (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1656 - 27 Mar 1657 Nathanael Schmieden (1st time) (b. 1601 - d. 1663)
27 Mar 1657 - 21 Mar 1658 George von Bömeln (1st time) (b. 1603 - d. 1676)
21 Mar 1658 - 20 Mar 1659 Adrian von der Linde (4th time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1659 - 18 Mar 1660 Friedrich Ehler (3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1660 - 22 Mar 1661 Nathanael Schmieden (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Mar 1661 - 16 Mar 1662 George von Bömeln (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1662 - 13 Mar 1663 Adrian von der Linde (5th time) (s.a.)
13 Mar 1663 - 3 Apr 1664 Friedrich Ehler (4th time) (s.a.)
3 Apr 1664 - 19 Mar 1665 George von Bömeln (3rd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1665 - 18 Mar 1666 Nicolaus von Bodeck (1st time) (b. 1611 - d. 1676)
18 Mar 1666 - 17 Mar 1667 Adrian von der Linde (6th time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1667 - 15 Mar 1668 Gabriel Krumhausen (1st time) (b. 1614 - d. 1685)
15 Mar 1668 - 21 Mar 1669 George von Bömeln (4th time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1669 - 20 Mar 1670 Nicolaus von Bodeck (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1670 - 19 Mar 1671 Adrian von der Linde (7th time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1671 - 17 Mar 1672 Gabriel Krumhausen (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1672 - 16 Mar 1673 George von Bömeln (5th time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1673 - 15 Mar 1674 Nicolaus von Bodeck (3rd time) (s.a.)
15 Mar 1674 - 21 Mar 1675 Adrian von der Linde (8th time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1675 - 17 Mar 1676 Gabriel Krumhausen (3rd time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1676 - 6 Sep 1676 George von Bömeln (6th time) (s.a.)
6 Sep 1676 - 17 Mar 1678 Adrian von der Linde (9th time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1678 - 16 Mar 1679 Christian Schröder (1st time) (b. 1662 - d. 1701)
16 Mar 1679 - 19 Mar 1680 Daniel Proit (1st time) (b. 1628 - d. 1686)
19 Mar 1680 - 13 Mar 1681 Gabriel Krumhausen (4th time) (s.a.)
13 Mar 1681 - 19 Mar 1682 Adrian von der Linde (10th time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1682 - 18 Mar 1683 Christian Schröder (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1683 - 16 Mar 1684 Daniel Proit (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1684 - 15 Mar 1685 Gabriel Schumann (1st time) (b. 1631 - d. 1700)
15 Mar 1685 - 19 Mar 1686 Christian Schröder (3rd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1686 - 20 Mar 1687 Gabriel Schumann (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1687 - 16 Mar 1688 Constantin Ferber (1st time) (b. 1625 - d. 1704)
16 Mar 1688 - 17 Mar 1689 Constantin Pahl (b. 1632 - d. 1691)
17 Mar 1689 - 14 Mar 1690 Christian Schröder (4th time) (s.a.)
14 Mar 1690 - 22 Mar 1691 Gabriel Schumann (3rd time) (s.a.)
22 Mar 1691 - 18 Mar 1692 Constantin Ferber (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1692 - 12 Mar 1693 Christian Schröder (5th time) (s.a.)
12 Mar 1693 - 18 Mar 1694 Johann Ernst Schmieden (1st time) (b. 1626 - d. 1707)
18 Mar 1694 - 15 Mar 1695 Gabriel Schumann (4th time) (s.a.)
15 Mar 1695 - 20 Mar 1696 Constantin Ferber (3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1696 - 21 Mar 1697 Christian Schröder (6th time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1697 - 11 Mar 1698 Johann Ernst Schmieden (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Mar 1698 - 19 Mar 1699 Gabriel Schumann (5th time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1699 - 30 Mar 1700 Constantin Ferber (4th time) (s.a.)
30 Mar 1700 - 17 Mar 1701 Christian Schröder (7th time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1701 - 14 Mar 1702 Constantin Freder (1st time) (b. 1643 - d. 1707)
14 Mar 1702 - 22 Mar 1703 Johann Ernst Schmieden (3rd time) (s.a.)
22 Mar 1703 - 13 Mar 1704 Reinhold Wieder (1st time) (b. 1633 - d. 1707)
13 Mar 1704 - 19 Mar 1705 Constantin Freder (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1705 - 16 Mar 1706 Andreas Borckmann (b. 1635 - d. 1722)
16 Mar 1706 - 15 Feb 1707 Johann Ernst Schmieden (4th time) (s.a.)
15 Feb 1707 - 1 Nov 1707 Reinhold Wieder (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Nov 1707 - 21 Mar 1709 Friedrich Gottlieb Engelcke (b. 1658 - d. 1716)
(1st time)
21 Mar 1709 - 18 Mar 1710 Joachim Hoppe (b. 1656 - d. 1712)
18 Mar 1710 - 19 Mar 1711 Gabriel von Bömeln (1st time) (b. 1658 - d. 1740)
19 Mar 1711 - 17 Mar 1712 Andreas Borckmann (2nd time) (s.a)
17 Mar 1712 - 28 Mar 1713 Friedrich Gottlieb Engelcke (s.a.)
(2nd time)
28 Mar 1713 - 20 Mar 1714 Hans Ernst von der Linde (1st time)(b. 1651 - d. 1721)
20 Mar 1714 - 21 Mar 1715 Gabriel von Bömeln (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1715 - 23 Feb 1716 Friedrich Gottlieb Engelcke (s.a.)
(3rd time)
23 Feb 1716 - 18 Mar 1717 Hans Ernst von der Linde (2nd time)(s.a.)
18 Mar 1717 - 17 Mar 1718 Carl Ernst Bauer (b. 1665 - d. 1719)
17 Mar 1718 - 21 Mar 1719 Gabriel von Bömeln (3rd time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1719 - 14 Mar 1720 Hans Ernst von der Linde (3rd time)(s.a.)
14 Mar 1720 - 18 Mar 1721 Gabriel von Bömeln (4th time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1721 - 17 Mar 1722 Johann Gottfried von Diesseldorff (b. 1668 - d. 1745)
(1st time)
17 Mar 1722 - 18 Mar 1723 Gabriel von Bömeln (5th time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1723 - 14 Mar 1724 Salomon Gabriel Schumann (1st time)(b. 1665 - d. 1729)
14 Mar 1724 - 15 Mar 1725 Gottfried Bentzmann (1st time) (b. 1665 - d. 1734)
15 Mar 1725 - 19 Mar 1726 Johann Gottfried von Diesseldorff (s.a.)
(2nd time)
19 Mar 1726 - 20 Mar 1727 Gabriel von Bömeln (6th time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1727 - 16 Mar 1728 Salomon Gabriel Schumann (2nd time)(s.a.)
16 Mar 1728 - 17 Mar 1729 Gottfried Bentzmann (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1729 - 21 Mar 1730 Johann Gottfried von Diesseldorff (s.a.)
(3rd time)
21 Mar 1730 - 15 Mar 1731 Gabriel von Bömeln (7th time) (s.a.)
15 Mar 1731 - 18 Mar 1732 Abraham Groddeck (1st time) (b. 1673 - d. 1739)
18 Mar 1732 - 19 Mar 1733 Gottfried Bentzmann (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1733 - 16 Mar 1734 Johann Gottfried von Diesseldorff (s.a.)
(4th time)
16 Mar 1734 - 17 Mar 1735 Gabriel von Bömeln (8th time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1735 - 20 Mar 1736 Abraham Groddeck (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1736 - 19 Mar 1737 Johann Wahl (1st time) (b. 1682 - d. 1757)
19 Mar 1737 - 20 Mar 1738 Johann Gottfried von Diesseldorff (s.a.)
(5th time)
20 Mar 1738 - 17 Mar 1739 Gabriel von Bömeln (9th time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1739 - 16 Jun 1739 Abraham Groddeck (3rd time) (s.a.)
16 Jun 1739 - 16 Mar 1741 Johann Wahl (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1741 - 15 Mar 1742 Carl Gottlieb Ehler (1st time) (b. 1685 - d. 1753)
15 Mar 1742 - 19 Mar 1743 Joachim Jacob Schrader (b. 1680 - d. 1746)
19 Mar 1743 - 17 Mar 1744 Johann Gottfried von Diesseldorff (s.a.)
(6th time)
17 Mar 1744 - 18 Mar 1745 Johann Wahl (3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1745 - 17 Mar 1746 Carl Gottlieb Ehler (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1746 - 14 Mar 1747 Johann Wahl (4th time) (s.a.)
14 Mar 1747 - 19 Mar 1748 Johann Carl von Schwartzwald (b. 1689 - d. 1748)
19 Mar 1748 - 19 Mar 1750 Nathanael Gottfried Ferber (b. 1688 - d. 1755)
(1st time)
19 Mar 1750 - 18 Mar 1751 Carl Gottlieb Ehler (3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1751 - 14 Mar 1752 Friedrich Reyger (b. 1692 - d. 1753)
14 Mar 1752 - 13 Mar 1753 Johann Wahl (5th time) (s.a.)
13 Mar 1753 - 21 Mar 1754 Nathanael Gottfried Ferber (s.a.)
(2nd time)
21 Mar 1754 - 18 Mar 1755 Johann Wahl (6th time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1755 - 18 Mar 1756 Christian Gabriel von Schröder (b. 1692 - d. 1762)
(1st time)
18 Mar 1756 - 15 Mar 1757 Michael Schmidt (1st time) (b. 1694 - d. 1760)
15 Mar 1757 - 16 Mar 1758 Johann Renner (1st time) (b. 1696 - d. 1761)
16 Mar 1758 - 13 Mar 1759 Christian Gabriel von Schröder (s.a.)
(2nd time)
13 Mar 1759 - 20 Mar 1760 Carl Groddeck (1st time) (b. 1699 - d. 1774)
20 Mar 1760 - 11 Apr 1760 Michael Schmidt (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Apr 1760 - 20 Oct 1761 Johann Renner (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Oct 1761 - 15 Mar 1763 Eduard Friedrich Conradi (1st time)(b. 1713 - d. 1799)
15 Mar 1763 - 15 Mar 1764 Gottlieb Gabriel Weickhmann (b. 1708 - d. 1776)
(1st time)
15 Mar 1764 - 21 Mar 1765 Daniel Gralath (1st time) (b. 1708 - d. 1767)
21 Mar 1765 - 18 Mar 1766 Carl Groddeck (2rd time) (s.a.)
18 Mar 1766 - 17 Mar 1767 Eduard Friedrich Conradi (2nd time)(s.a.)
17 Mar 1767 - 17 Mar 1768 Gottlieb Gabriel Weickhmann (s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Mar 1768 - 14 Mar 1769 Carl Groddeck (3rd time) (s.a.)
14 Mar 1769 - 15 Mar 1770 Heinrich Zernecke (b. 1709 - d. 1775)
15 Mar 1770 - 21 Mar 1771 Eduard Friedrich Conradi (3rd time)(s.a.)
21 Mar 1771 - 17 Mar 1772 Gottlieb Gabriel Weickhmann (s.a.)
(3rd time)
17 Mar 1772 - 16 Mar 1773 Carl Groddeck (4th time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1773 - 17 Mar 1774 Eduard Friedrich Conradi (4th time)(s.a.)
17 Mar 1774 - 14 Mar 1775 Gottlieb Gabriel Weickhmann (s.a.)
(4th time)
14 Mar 1775 - 21 Mar 1776 Eduard Friedrich Conradi (5th time)(s.a.)
21 Mar 1776 - 18 Mar 1777 Samuel Wolff (b. 1717 - d. 1780)
18 Mar 1777 - 19 Mar 1777 Gottfried Schwartz (b. 1716 - d. 1777)
19 Mar 1777 - 16 Mar 1779 Johann Gottlieb Pegelau (1st time) (b. 1724 - d. 1797)
16 Mar 1779 - 16 Mar 1780 Johann Bentzmann (1st time) (b. 1727 - d. 1795)
16 Mar 1780 - 13 Mar 1781 Eduard Friedrich Conradi (6th time)(s.a.)
13 Mar 1781 - 21 Mar 1782 Johann Gottfried Reyger (1st time) (b. 1725 - d. 1793)
21 Mar 1782 - 20 Mar 1783 Johann Gottlieb Pegelau (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1783 - 16 Mar 1784 Johann Bentzmann (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1784 - 17 Mar 1785 Eduard Friedrich Conradi (7th time)(s.a.)
17 Mar 1785 - 14 Mar 1786 Johann Gottfried Reyger (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Mar 1786 - 13 Mar 1787 Johann Gottlieb Pegelau (3rd time) (s.a.)
13 Mar 1787 - 13 Mar 1788 Johann Bentzmann (3rd time) (s.a.)
13 Mar 1788 - 19 Mar 1789 Eduard Friedrich Conradi (8th time)(s.a.)
19 Mar 1789 - 16 Mar 1790 Johann Gottfried Reyger (3rd time) (s.a.)
16 Mar 1790 - 17 Mar 1791 Johann Gottlieb Pegelau (4th time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1791 - 15 Mar 1792 Johann Bentzmann (4th time) (s.a.)
15 Mar 1792 - 24 Apr 1793 Eduard Friedrich Conradi (9th time)(s.a.)
Governors
4 Apr 1793 - 7 May 1793 Karl Albrecht Friedrich von Raumer (b. 1729 - d. 1806)
(Prussia)
27 May 1807 - 2 Jun 1807 François-Joseph Lefebvre (France) (b. 1755 - d. 1820)
2 Jun 1807 - 2 Jan 1814 Jean Rapp (France) (b. 1772 - d. 1821)
(from 1 Aug 1809 Jean, comte de Rapp)
1 Apr 1809 - 10 Jun 1810 Michal Grabowski (Duchy of Warsaw) (b. 1773 - d. 1812)
(acting for comte de Rapp)
Aug 1812 - 1812 Hermann Wilhelm, comte Daendels (b. 1763 - d. 1818)
(acting for comte de Rapp)
1812 - 16 Dec 1812 Joseph, comte Lagrange (France) (b. 1763 - d. 1836)
(acting for comte de Rapp)
2 Jan 1814 - 19 Feb 1814 Friedrich Ehrhard Fabian von (b. 1753 - d. 1819)
Massenbach (Prussia)
Titular Duke
28 May 1807 - Feb 1814 François-Joseph Lefebvre, duc (s.a.)
de Dantzig
High Commissioners
12 Nov 1919 - 7 Sep 1920 Sir Reginald Thomas Tower (U.K.) (b. 1860 - d. 1939)
(acting to 13 Feb 1920)
15 Nov 1920 - 10 Dec 1920 Edward Lisle Strutt (U.K.) (b. 1874 - d. 1948)
(acting)
10 Dec 1920 - 24 Jan 1921 Bernardo Attolico (Italy) (b. 1880 - d. 1942)
24 Jan 1921 - Jan 1923 Sir Richard Cyril Byrne Haking (b. 1862 - d. 1945)
(U.K.)
6 Mar 1923 - Nov 1925 Mervyn Sorley McDonnell (U.K.) (b. 1880 - d. 1949)
13 Dec 1925 - 22 Jun 1929 Joost Adriaan van Hamel (Neth.) (b. 1880 - d. 1964)
(assumes office 2 Feb 1926)
22 Jun 1929 - 19 Sep 1932 Manfredi conte di Gravina (b. 1883 - d. 1932)
dei principi di Ramacca (Italy)
16 Oct 1932 - 15 Jan 1934 Helmer Rostgaard Gommesen Rosting (b. 1893 - d. 1945)
(Denmark)
15 Jan 1934 - Jan 1937 Seán Lester (Ireland) (b. 1888 - d. 1959)
13 Apr 1937 - 1 Sep 1939 Carl Jakob Burckhardt (b. 1891 - d. 1974)
(Switzerland)
Presidents of the Senate
27 May 1807 - 21 Jun 1807 Governing Commission
- Daniel Dodenhoff
- Daniel Lietke
- Johann Christoph Sauer
- Carl Klein
21 Jul 1807 - 14 Mar 1808 Karl Friedrich von Gralath
(b. 1741 - d. 1818)
14 Mar 1808 - 16 Mar 1809 Daniel Andreas Zernecke (1st time)
(b. 1745 - d. 1821)
(acting to 17 Mar 1808)
16 Mar 1809 - 21 Mar 1810 Karl Renner
(b. 1739 - d. 1819)
21 Mar 1810 - 18 Mar 1811 Jacob Ernst Schumann (1st time)
(b. 1749 - d. 1823)
18 Mar 1811 - 18 Mar 1812 Gottlieb Hufeland
(b. 1760 - d. 1817)
18 Mar 1812 - 18 Mar 1813 Daniel Andreas Zernecke (2nd time)
(s.a.)
18 Mar 1813 - 13 Feb 1814 Jacob Ernst Schumann (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Lord mayor
10 Jan 1920 - 5 Mar 1920 Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm
Sahm (b. 1877 - d. 1939) Non-party
Chairman of the Council of State
5 Mar 1920 - 6 Dec 1920 Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm
Sahm (s.a.)
Non-party
Presidents of the Senate
6 Dec 1920 - 10 Jan 1931 Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm
Sahm (s.a.)
Non-party
10 Jan 1931 - 20 Jun 1933 Ernst Ziehm
(b.
1867 - d. 1962) DNVP
20 Jun 1933 - 23 Nov 1934 Hermann Adolf Reinhold Rauschning
(b. 1887 - d. 1982) NSDAP
23 Nov 1934 - 23 Aug 1939 Arthur Karl Greiser
(b. 1897 - d. 1946) NSDAP
(acting to 28 Nov 1934)
Head of State
23 Aug 1939 - 1 Sep 1939 Albert Maria Forster
(b. 1902 - d. 1952) NSDAP
Chief of civil administration
1 Sep 1939 - 25 Oct 1939 Albert Maria Forster
(s.a.)
NSDAP
Reichsstatthalter
26 Oct 1939 - 2 Apr 1945 Albert Maria Forster
(s.a.)
NSDAP
Soviet Military Commander
2 Apr 1945 - Apr 1945 Konstantin
Konstantinovich (b. 1896
- d. 1968) Mil
Rokossovsky
City President of Gdansk
3 Apr 1945 - 27 May 1946 Franciszek Kotus-Jankowski
(b. 1891 - d. 1958) PPR
Polish Commanders of Westerplatte
18 Jan 1926 - 21 Jun 1926 Ignacy Szaniawski
21 Jun 1926 - 1 May 1927 Borys Mohuczy
10 Jun 1927 - 21 Jan 1931 Józef Czechowicz
21 Jan 1931 - 3 Dec 1934 Jan Litynski
16 Jul 1934 - 3 Dec 1938 Stefan Fabiszewski
(b. 1896 - d. 1974)
3 Dec 1938 - 2 Sep 1939 Henryk Sucharski
(b. 1898 - d. 1946)
2 Sep 1939 - 7 Sep 1939 Franciszek "Kuba" Dabrowski
(b. 1904 - d. 1962)
(acting)
![[Harbour Authority Flag (Free City of Danzig 1920-1939)]](de-dz_ha.gif)
Presidents
Mar 1921 - Apr 1925
James de Reynier (Switzerland) (b. 1870 - d. 19..)
Apr 1925 - Aug 1931
Hugens de Loes (Switzerland) (b. 1863
- d. 19..)
Aug 1931 - Sep 1934
Carl Josef Benziger (Switzerland) (b. 1877 - d. 1951)
Sep 1934 - 1 Sep 1939 Johan A. Nederbragt
(Netherlands) (b. 1880 - d. 1953)
Polish Royal Commissioners
1736 - 17..
von Unruh
16 Jan 1749 - 1770
Anton von Leubnitz (acting)
1770 - 1793
Adam Husarzewski
Prussian Envoy
1782 - 1793
Johann Christian von Lindenowski
Polish Delegate
28 Jan 1919 - 8 Feb 1920 Mieczyslaw Jalowiecki
(b. 1876 - d. 1962)
General Commissioners of the Polish Republic
8 Feb 1920 - 5 Jul 1921 Maciej Biesiadecki
(b. 1864 - d. 1935)
5 Jul 1921 - 28 Jan 1924 Leon Boleslaw Plucinski
(b. 1875 - d. 1935)
21 Feb 1924 - 10 Feb 1932 Henryk Leon Strasburger
(b. 1887 - d. 1951)
2 Feb 1932 - 15 Dec 1936 Kazimierz Papée
(b. 1889 - d. 1979)
16 Dec 1937 - 1 Sep 1939 Marian Stanislaw Chodacki
(b. 1898 - d. 1975)
Party abbreviation: DNVP = Deutschnationale Volkspartei (German-National
People's Party, German nationalist); NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische
Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker's Party, Nazi
fascist, German nationalist -only legal party 21 Oct 1937-1945); PPR
= Polska Partia Robotnicza (Polish Workers' Party, 1943-48, communist);
SPD
= Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of Germany,
social-democratic)
Elbing
![[Elbing 15th-19th Century (Prussia, Germany)]](de_elbi2.gif)
1695 - 1862
- 1237 Elbing founded by the Teutonic Order.
- 10 Apr 1246 City rights granted; four mayors to 1793, alternating with two of
- them worthaltend (in charge) at any time; four "succession lines"
- can be distinguished.
- 1251 - 1309 Residence of the Land-Master of the Teutonic Order in Prussia.
- 1358 Member of the Hanseatic League.
- Feb 1454 Teutonic knights driven out in a revolt.
- 6 Mar 1454 Incorporated in Poland as a Part of Royal (West) Prussia.
- 24 Aug 1457 Free City under the sovereignty of Poland.
- 19 Oct 1466 Polish sovereignty recognized by the Teutonic Order.
- 26 Sep 1629 - 12 Sep 1635 Temporarily ceded by Poland to Sweden, part of Swedish Prussia,
- residence of the governor-general of Swedish Prussia (see below).
- 1703 - 1710 Occupied by Sweden.
- Sep 1772 Annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-
- Lithuanian Commonwealth.
- 1807 Briefly occupied by France.
- 1812 - 1813 Occupied by France.
- 10 Feb 1945 Occupied by the Soviet forces.
- 2 Aug 1945 Provisionally (pending future peace treaty) transferred to
- Poland with southern part of East Prussia by the Potsdam
- Conference (annexed 26 Dec 1945)(Elblag).
1629 - 1630 Robert Leslie
1630 - 1635 Bengt Bagge (b. 1594 - d. 1660)
Mayors (title Bürgermeister)(incomplete)
- 1st Line -
1694 - 17.. Karl Ramsey (b. 1651 - d. 1730)
1703 - 1710 Claes Ekeblad -Swedish Commandant (b. 1669 - d. 1737)
17.. - 1747 ....
1747 - 1753 Christian Friedrich Ramsay (b. 1691 - d. 1753)
1753 - 1765 ....
1765 - 1773 Karl Ernst Ramsay (b. 1721 - d. 1773)
- 2nd Line -
1700 - 1793 ....
- 3rd Line -
1700 - 1793 ....
- 4th Line -
1700 - 1793 ....
Swedish Prussia
![[Flag of Sweden]](se.gif)
12 Jun 1635 Marienburg returned to Brandenburg/Prussia.
Jul 1635 Memel returned to Prussia.
12 Sep 1635 End of Swedish rule.
Commander in Pillau
27 Jun 1626 - May 1629 Aleksander von Essen
(b. 1595 - d. 1664)
Governors-general (in Elbing)
1629 - 1630
Johan Banér
(b. 1596 - d. 1641)
1630 - 26 Sep 1631
Axel Gustafson Oxenstierna
(b. 1583 - d. 1654)
26 Sep 1631 - 18 Jan 1632 Bengt Bagge (1st time)(acting)
(s.a.)
18 Jan 1632 - 21 Apr 1632 Karl Banér
(b. 1598 - d. 1632)
21 Apr 1632 - 16 Aug 1632 Bengt Bagge (2nd time)(acting)
(s.a.)
16 Aug 1632 - 1635
Hermann greve Wrangel
(b. 1587 - d. 1643)
21 Aug 1635 - 1635
Johan Nicodem (acting)
Ermland
![[Ermland bishopric]](ermland.gif)
- 29 Jul 1243 Bishopric of Ermland established with capital (from 1350) in
- Heilsberg (Lidzbark-Warminski)(Hochstift Ermland).
- 1251 Sovereign principality (prince-bishopric) of the Holy
- Roman Empire.
- 6 Mar 1454 Incorporated in Poland as a part of Royal (West) Prussia (not
- recognized by the prince-bishop until 1464).
- 19 Oct 1466 Polish sovereignty de jure.
- 1479 Autonomous prince-bishopric (Ksiazebiskupstwo Warminskie) under
- the Polish crown.
- 26 Sep 1629 - 12 Sep 1635 Braunsberg (Braniewo) in Ermland temporarily ceded by Poland to
- Sweden; part of Swedish Prussia (see above).
- 1703 - 1709 Occupied by Sweden.
- 13 Sep 1772 Annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-
- Lithuanian Commonwealth.
- 1807 Briefly occupied by France.
- 1812 - 1813 Occupied by France.
- 19 Feb 1945 Polish administration under (to 23 May 1945) Soviet occupation.
- 2 Aug 1945 Provisionally (pending future peace treaty) transferred to Poland
- with southern part of East Prussia by the Potsdam Conference
- (annexed 26 Dec 1945)(Warmia).
6 Jun 1698 - 1 May 1711 Andrzej Chryzostom Zaluski (b. 1650 - d. 1711)
1 May 1711 - 16 Nov 1711 Stefan Wierzbowski (d. 1713)
(auxiliary bishop)
16 Nov 1711 - 9 Jan 1723 Teodor Andrzej Potocki (b. 1664 - d. 1738)
9 Jan 1723 - 14 Feb 1724 Jan Franciszek Kurdwanowski (b. 1645 - d. 1729)
(auxiliary bishop)
14 Feb 1724 - 16 Mar 1740 Krzysztof Andrzej Jan Szembek (b. 1680 - d. 1740)
16 Mar 1740 - 14 Apr 1741 Michal Remigiusz Laszewski (b. 1682 - d. 1746)
(auxiliary bishop)
14 Apr 1741 - 15 Dec 1766 Adam Stanislaw Grabowski (b. 1698 - d. 1766)
15 Dec 1766 - 13 Sep 1772 Ignacy Blazej Franciszek Krasicki (b. 1735 - d. 1801)
(continued to 13 Apr 1795)
Thorn
![[Thorn]](torun.gif)
1280 Member of the Hanseatic League.
8 Feb 1454 Teutonic knights driven out in a revolt.
6 Mar 1454 Incorporated in Poland as a part of Royal (West) Prussia.
26 Aug 1457 Free City under the sovereignty of Poland.
19 Oct 1466 Polish sovereignty recognized by the Teutonic Order.
9 May 1687 - 14 Oct 1703 Occupied by Saxony.
1703 - 1709 Occupied by Sweden.
Mar 1766 - 1766/67 Occupied by Russia.
23 Jan 1793 Occupied by Prussia.
7 Apr 1793 Annexed by Prussia in the Second Partition of the Polish-
Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1806 - 1807 Occupied by France.
9 Jul 1807 Part of the Duchy of Warsaw.
1813 Occupied by the Russian and Prussian forces.
20 Jun 1815 Returned to Prussia.
10 Jan 1920 Incorporated into Poland (Torun).
7 Sep 1939 Occupied by Germany.
30 Sep 1939 Annexed by Germany.
1 Feb 1945 Occupied by the Soviet forces and (2 Apr 1945) restored
to Poland.
Mayors (title Bürgermeister)(incomplete)
- 1st Line -
1700 - 17..
Simon Weiss
(d. 1737)
1706 - 1724
Johann Gottfried Rösner
(b. 1658 - d. 1724)
17.. - 1733
Jacob Casimir Rubinkowski
(d. 1749)
1736 - 1757
Albert Borkowski
(b. 1686 - d. 1757)
1772 - 1793
Georg Adam Reyer
(b. 1725 - d. 1799)
- 2nd Line -
.... - 1720
Nalecz
173. - 1739
Jacob Meissner
17.. - 1759
Anton Gering (or Giering)
(d. 1759)
1772 - 1793
....
- 3rd Line -
1742 - 1774
Christian Klossmann
(b. 1697 - d. 1774)
1775
Nathaniel Praetorius (1st time)
(b. 1722 - d. 1791)
1779
Nathaniel Praetorius (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1779 - 1793
....
- 4th Line -
1700 - 1792
....
1792 - 10 May 1793
Samuel Luther von Geret
(b. 1730 - d. 1797)
Saxon Commander
9 May 1687 - 14 Oct 1703 von Röber
Swedish Commandant
1703 - 1709
Claes Ekeblad (b. 1669 - d . 1737)
Russian Commander
Mar 1766 - 1766/67
Saltykov
©2000 Ben Cahoon