Religious Organizations 
 

Contents: World Council of Churches - Roman Catholic Church - Eastern Catholic (Uniate) churches - Old (and Schismatic) Catholic Churches  - Teutonic Order - Jesuits - Church of England  - National Council of the Churches - Lutheran World Federation - Evangelical Lutheran Church in America - Lutheran Church Missouri-Synod - Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod - Swedish Church - Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland - Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church - Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Community of Christ - Jehovah's Witnesses - Salvation Army - Worldwide Church of God - New Apostolic Church - Assemblies of God - Seventh Day Adventists - Igelsia Ni Cristo - United Church of Christ (UCC) - Orthodox churches - Schismatic Orthodox churches - Eastern non-Chalcedonian churches - Assyrian Church of the East -  Judaism - World Jewish Congress - World Zionist Organization (WZO) - Samaritans - Muslim Caliphate - Isma`ilia - Dawoodi Bohra - Baha'i faith - Ahmadiyya - Nation of Islam - Tibetan Buddhism - Tibetan Buddhist Mongolia - Buddhist Thailand - Soka Gakkai - Sikhism - Svetambara - Fulan Gong - Christian Science - Scientology - Unification Church -

World Council of Churches

 

WCC website

Headquarters: Geneva (Switzerland)

Note: This international ecumenical body includes most "mainline" Protestant denominations and Eastern Orthodox churches in the world.

13 May 1938                Provisional committee founded.
23 Aug 1948                World Council of Churches (WCC) formally constituted.

General secretaries
13 May 1938 - Feb 1966     Willem Adolf Visser't Hooft        (b. 1900 - d. 1985)
                             (Netherlands) 
Feb 1966 - 16 Aug 1972     Eugene Carson Blake (U.S.)         (b. 1906 - d. 1985)
16 Aug 1972 - 31 Dec 1984  Philip Potter (Dominica)           (b. 1921)
 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1992  Emilio Castro (Uruguay)            (b. 1927)
 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 2003  Konrad Raiser (Germany)            (b. 1938)
 1 Jan 2004 -              Samuel Kobia (Kenya)               (b. 1947)

c.60                       Church of Rome founded by the Apostle Peter (St. Peter).
754                        Donation of Pepin creates temporal Papal State for the Popes.
16 Jul 1054                The "Great Schism" divides the church into Eastern (Orthodox) and 
                             Western (Roman Catholic) churches.
 9 Mar 1309 - 13 Jan 1377  Popes rule from Avignon, France (often called
                             the "Babylonian Captivity" of the Church).
30 Sep 1378 - 11 Nov 1417  The Great Schism in the Western Church.
10 Jun 1809 - 24 Mar 1814  Papal State annexed to France.
19 Oct 1870                Incorporation of Rome and the Patrimony of St. Peter
                             into Kingdom of Italy.
19 Oct 1870 -  7 Jun 1929  Pope's rule as "Prisoners in the Vatican" in seclusion in
                            the Vatican Palace.
 7 Jun 1929                Independence of Vatican City from Italy.

Popes¹
c.60 -                     see Popes of the Roman Catholic Church
 

 ¹full Papal title:
 (a) 1870 -  7 Jun 1929: "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Western Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Province of Rome, Servant of the Servants of God";
 (b) 7 Jun 1929 -  1 Mar 2006: "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Western Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City, Servant of the Servants of God";
 (c) from 1 Mar 2006: "Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City, Servant of the Servants of God."

(information provided by Andrejus Gajosinskas)

1650                       Church founded.
26 Nov 1740                Patriarchate established.

Catholicoses and Patriarchs of Cilicia of the Armenians for All the Catholic Armenians 
26 Nov 1740 -  1 Oct 1749  Apraham Bedros I                   (b. 1679 - d. 1749)
14 Oct 1749 - 10 Jun 1753  Hagop Bedros II
23 Jun 1753 - 10 Nov 1780  Mikael Bedros III
 1 Dec 1780 -  6 Feb 1788  Parsegh Bedros IV
11 May 1788 - 17 Jun 1812  Krikor Bedros V
 8 Apr 1815 - 1841         Krikor Bedros VI
27 Jan 1842 - 1843         Hagop Bedros VII
25 Jan 1844 -  9 Jan 1866  Krikor Bedros VIII
1866 - Jun 1881            Andon Bedros IX                    (b. 1809 - d. 1884)
                            (from 13 Dec 1880, Cardinal Andon Bedros IX) 
c.1870 - ....              Jacob (anti-patriarch)
24 Jan 1881 - May 1899     Stepan Bedros X                    (d. 1899)
24 Jul 1899 - 1904         Boghos Bedros XI                   (b. 1829 - d. 1904)
 4 Aug 1904 - 1910         Boghos Bedros XII                  (b. 1836 - d. 1910)
23 Apr 1910 - 1931         Boghos Bedros XIII                 (b. 1853 - d. 1931)
17 Oct 1931 - 26 Oct 1937  Avedis Bedros XIV                  (b. 1856 - d. 1937)
30 Nov 1937 - 25 Aug 1962  Krikor Bedros XV                   (b. 1895 - d. 1971)
                            (from 18 Feb 1946, Cardinal Krikor Bedros XV) 
 4 Sep 1962 - 22 Apr 1976  Iknadios Bedros XVI                (b. 1899 - d. 1979)
 3 Jul 1976 - 31 May 1982  Hemaiag Bedros XVII                (b. 1905 - d. 1998)
 5 Aug 1982 - 28 Nov 1998  Hovhannes Bedros XVIII             (b. 1927)
 7 Oct 1999 -              Nerses Bedros XIX                  (b. 1940)

Bishops
15 Jun 1924 - 13 May 1948  Basil Takach                       (b. 1879 - d. 1948)
13 May 1948 - 12 Dec 1954  Daniel Ivancho                     (b. 1908 - d. 1972)
 5 Feb 1955 - 22 Dec 1967  Nicholas T. Elko                   (b. 1909 - d. 1991)
 5 Mar 1968 - 11 Jun 1969  Stephen J. Kocisko                 (b. 1915 - d. 1995)
Metropolitan Archbishops
11 Jun 1969 - 12 Jun 1991  Stephen J. Kocisko                 (s.a.)
12 Jun 1991 - 13 Apr 1993  Thomas V. Dolinay                  (b. 1923 - d. 1993)
20 Apr 1993 -  8 Sep 1994  John M. Bilock (administrator)     (b. 1916 - d. 1994)
Sep 1994 - 15 Nov 1994     Russell A. Duker (administrator)
 7 Feb 1995 - 15 Apr 2001  Judson M. Procyk                   (b. 1931 - d. 2001)
 1 May 2001 -  9 Jul 2002  John M. Kudrick (administrator)    (b. 1947)
 9 Jul 2002 -              Basil M. Schott                    (b. 1939)

1552                       Rival Assyrian Patriarch accepts union with Rome.
1607                       Regular Assyrian Patriarch Eliyya VIII also accepts union.
1617                       Heir of Eliyya VIII breaks union.
1681                       Archbishop of Amed (Diyarbakir) is granted title of
                             Patriarch.
1692                       Patriarch of the first (1552) line breaks union;
                             only one Patriarch remains.

Catholicoses and Patriarchs of Babylon and Ur of the Chaldees for the Chaldeans
21 May 1696 -  2 Jun 1712  Joseph II                          (b. 1667 - d. 1712)
26 Feb 1713 - 23 Jan 1757  Joseph III                         (d. 1757)
 8 Feb 1757 - 1781         Joseph IV                          (d. 1791)
1781 -  6 Apr 1828         Joseph V                           (b. 17.. - d. 1828)
                             (apostolic administrator to 1804)
 5 Aug 1830 - 16 Aug 1838  Youhanan VIII Hormez               (d. 1838)
                             (claimed the patriarchate from 1778)
16 Aug 1838 - 1847         Nicolawos Zaya                     (d. 1855)
11 Sep 1848 - 29 Mar 1878  Joseph VI Audo                     (b. 1790 - d. 1878)
28 Feb 1879 - 27 Jun 1894  Eliyya XIV Abbo-Alyonan            (b. 1840 - d. 1894)
28 Oct 1894 -  6 Nov 1899  Abdisho V Khayat                   (b. 1827 - d. 1899)
 9 Jul 1900 - 21 Jul 1947  Joseph Emmanuel II Toma            (b. 1852 - d. 1947)
17 Sep 1947 -  8 Jul 1958  Joseph VII Ghanima                 (b. 1881 - d. 1958)
13 Dec 1958 - 13 Apr 1989  Paul II Cheikho                    (b. 1906 - d. 1989)
21 May 1989 -  7 Jul 2003  Raphael I BeDaweed                 (b. 1922 - d. 2003)
 7 Jul 2003 -  3 Dec 2003  Shlemon Warduni                    (b. 1943)
                             (apostolic administrator)
 3 Dec 2003 -              Emmanuel III Delly                 (b. 1927)
                             (from 24 Nov 2007, Cardinal Emmanuel III Delly)

 4 Aug 1741                Apostolic Vicariate for Coptic Catholics created.
1824                       Maximos is granted title Patriarch for life; after his death
                             in 1831 his successors are again only named apostolic vicars.
26 Nov 1895                Reorganized as Patriarchate.

Apostolic Vicars
1742 - 174.                Athanase
174. - Jul 1748            Juste Marsghi
1748 - 1751                Jacques de Kremsier
1751 - 1757                Paul d'Angnone
1757 - 1761                Joseph de Sassello
1761 - 1778                Roche Abou Kodsi Sabak de
                             Ghirgha (1st time)
1778 - 1781                Gervais d'Ormeal
 7 Jan 1781 - 26 Jun 1781  Roche Abou Kodsi Sabak de
                             Ghirgha (2nd time) 
1781 - 1783                Jean Farargi
1783 - 1785                Roche Abou Kodsi Sabak de
                             Ghirgha (3rd time) 
1785 - 1787                Bisciai Nosser
1787 - 1788                Michelange Pacelli de Tricario
24 Apr 1788 - 1822         Mathieu Righet
1822 - 30 Aug 1831         Maximos II                         (d. 1831)
                             (from 15 Aug 1824 titled Patricarch)
22 Jun 1832 -  4 Oct 1855  Abou Karim
 4 Oct 1855 - 17 Feb 1864  Athanase Cyriaque Khouzam
17 Feb 1864 - 27 Feb 1866  Vacant
27 Feb 1866 - 1876         Agapios Bishai
1876 - 1887                Antoun di Marco
1887 - 1889                Antoun Nabad
1889 - 1892                Simon Barraia
1892 - 1895                Antoun Kabes
15 Mar 1895 - 27 Nov 1895  Cyrille Macaire                    (b. 1867 - d. 1908)
Patriarchs of Alexandria of the Copts 
27 Nov 1895 - 19 Jun 1899  Cyrille Macaire                    (s.a.)
                             (apostolic administrator)
19 Jun 1898 - 30 May 1908  Kyrillos II (Macaire)              (s.a.)
1908 - 13 Jan 1925         Maximos Sedfaoui                   (b. 1863 - d. 1925)
                             (apostolic administrator)
30 Dec 1927 -  9 Aug 1947  Marc Khouzam                       (b. 1888 - d. 1958)
                             (apostolic administrator)
 9 Aug 1947 -  2 Feb 1958  Markos II (Khouzam)                (s.a.)
10 May 1958 - 24 May 1986  Stephanos I                        (b. 1904 - d. 1987)
                             (from 22 Feb 1965, Cardinal Stephanos I)
24 Feb 1984 -  9 Jun 1986  Andraos Ghattas                    (b. 1920)
                             (apostolic administrator [for Stephanos I to 24 May 1986])
 9 Jun 1986 - 27 Mar 2006  Stephanos II (Ghattas)             (s.a.)
                             (from 21 Feb 2001, Cardinal Stephanos II)
30 Mar 2006 -              Antonios                           (b. 1935)

17 Jun 1777                Diocese of Krizevci created.
1966                       See transferred to Zagreb.

Bishops
1777 - 1785                Vasilije Bozhichikovich
1785 - 1795                Jozaphat Bastashich
1794 - 1810                Silvestar Bubanovich
1810 - 1830                Konstantine Stanich
1834 - 1856                Gabre Smichiklas
1857 - 1881                Djordje Smiciklas                  (b. 1815 - d. 1881)
1881 - 1883                Vacant
1883 - 1889                Elias Hranilovic                   (b. 1850 - d. 1889)
1889 - 1891                Vacant
1891 - 1917                Iulius Drohobeczky                 (b. 1853 - d. 1934)
1917 - 1920                Vacant
 1 May 1920 - 14 Apr 1940  Dionýz Njarady                     (b. 1874 - d. 1940)
Oct 1941 - 1952            Janko Shimak 
                            (apostolic administrator to Jun 1942)
22 Jul 1960 -  2 Mar 1961  Gabrijel Bukatko                   (b. 1913 - d. 1981)
24 Feb 1963 - 22 Jan 1983  Joakim Segedi (auxiliary bishop)   (b. 1904 - d. 2004)
22 Jan 1983 -              Slavomir Miklovs                   (b. 1934)

1871                       Apostolic Vicariate created.
 8 Jun 1912                Diocese of Hajdúdorog created.

Apostolic Vicars
1871 - 1875                ....
1875 - 21 Oct 1895         Janos Danilovics                   (b. 1835 - d. 1895)
1895 - 1912                ....
Bishops of Hajdúdorog
1912 - 1913                Antal Papp                         (b. 1867 - d. 1945)
 5 Oct 1913 - 30 Oct 1937  István Miklóssy                    (b. 1857 - d. 1937)
14 May 1939 - 15 Jul 1972  Miklós Dudás                       (b. 1902 - d. 1972)
 8 Feb 1975 - 30 Mar 1988  Imre Timkó                         (b. 1920 - d. 1988)
30 Jun 1988 -              Szilárd Keresztes                  (b. 1932)

c.681                      Maronite Church founded.
1182                       Formally confirms union with Rome.

Patriarchs of Antioch and All the East of the Maronites 
20 May 1670 -  3 May 1704  Stephen Douaihy                    (b. 1630 - d. 17..)
1704 - 10 Oct 1705         Gabriel
 6 Nov 1705 - 12 Feb 1733  Jacob Awad
25 Feb 1733 - 13 May 1742  Joseph Dergham Khazen
16 Mar 1743 - 12 Feb 1756  Symeon Awad
28 Feb 1756 - 29 May 1766  Toubia El-Khazen
 9 Jun 1766 - 22 Apr 1793  Joseph Stephan
                             (suspended 25 Jun 1779 - 28 Sep 1784)
10 Sep 1793 - 17 May 1795  Michel Fadel                       (d. 1795)
14 Jun 1795 - 12 Apr 1796  Philip Gemayel                     (d. 1796)
28 Apr 1796 -  8 Jun 1809  Youssif Tyan                       (b. 17.. - d. 1820)
 8 Jun 1809 - 12 May 1823  Yuhanna El-Helou                   (b. 17.. - d. 1823)
25 May 1823 - 23 May 1845  Youssif Hobeiche                   (d. 1845)
 8 Aug 1845 -  3 Nov 1854  Youssif El-Khazen                  (d. 1854)
12 Nov 1854 - 18 Apr 1890  Boulos Massaad                     (b. 1805? - d. 1890)
28 Apr 1890 - 24 Dec 1898  Yuhanna El-Haj                     (d. 1898)
 6 Jan 1899 - 24 Dec 1931  Elias Hoyek                        (b. 1843 - d. 1931)
30 Apr 1932 - 19 May 1955  Antoun Arida                       (b. 1863 - d. 1955)
28 May 1955 - 11 Jan 1975  Boulos Meouchi                     (b. 1894 - d. 1975)
                             (from 22 Feb 1965, Boulos Cardinal Meouchi) 
 9 Feb 1975 -  3 Apr 1986  Antoine Khreich                    (b. 1907 - d. 1994)
                             (from 2 Feb 1983, Antoine Cardinal Khreich) 
19 Apr 1986 -              Nasrallah Sfeir                    (b. 1920)
                             (from 26 Nov 1994, Nasrallah Cardinal Sfeir)

 1 Oct 1724                Church enters union with Rome, splitting from the
                             Antiochian Orthodox church.

Patriarchs of Antioch and All The East, of Alexandria, and of Jerusalem of the Greek-Melkites 
 1 Oct 1724 - 19 Jul 1759  Cyrille VI Tanas
19 Jul 1759 -  1 Aug 1760  Athanase IV Jawhar (1st time)
 1 Aug 1760 - 15 Nov 1761  Maximos II Hakim
24 Dec 1761 - 10 Apr 1788  Théodose V Dahan
16 Feb 1765 - 1768         Athanase IV Jawhar (2nd time)
                             (anti-patriarch)
 5 May 1788 -  2 Dec 1794  Athanase IV Jawhar (3rd time)
11 Dec 1794 -  6 Aug 1796  Cyrille VII Siage
11 Sep 1796 -  2 Feb 1812  Agapios II Matar
21 Feb 1812 - 18 Nov 1812  Ignace IV Sarrouf
14 Aug 1813 - 20 Nov 1813  Athanase V Matar
10 Dec 1813 - 15 Dec 1815  Macaire IV Tawil
10 Jul 1816 - 25 Mar 1833  Ignace V Cattan
 6 Apr 1833 - 23 Aug 1855  Maximos III Mazloum
 1 Apr 1856 - 24 Sep 1864  Clément Bahous
29 Sep 1864 - 13 Jul 1897  Grégoire II Youssef-Sayour
24 Feb 1898 - 24 Apr 1902  Pierre IV Géraigiry                (b. 1841 - d. 19..)
28 Jun 1902 - 12 Jan 1916  Cyrille VIII Geha                  (b. 1840 - d. 1916)
 6 Apr 1919 - 25 Oct 1925  Dimitrios I Cadi                   (b. 1861 - d. 1925)
 8 Dec 1925 -  8 Sep 1947  Cyrille IX Moghabghab              (b. 1855 - d. 1947)
30 Oct 1947 -  5 Nov 1967  Maximos IV Saïgh                   (b. 1878 - d. 1967)
                            (from 22 Feb 1965, Cardinal Maximos IV Saïgh) 
22 Nov 1967 - 22 Nov 2000  Maximos V Hakim                    (b. 1908 - d. 2001)
29 Nov 2000 -              Grégoire III Laham                 (b. 1933)

 7 May 1700                Union with Rome
16 Nov 1853                Metropolis
 1 Dec 1948                Church outlawed.
31 Dec 1989                Church re-legalized.

Bishops of Alba Iulia
1698 - 1713                Atanasie Anghel                    (b. 16.. - d. 1713)
1715 - 17 Aug 1723         Ioan Giurgiu Patachi               (b. 1682 - d. 1727)
Bishops of Alba Iulia and Fagaras
17 Aug 1723 - 29 Oct 1727  Ioan Giurgiu Patachi               (s.a.)
1728 - 1751                Ioan Inocentiu Micu-Klein          (b. 1692 - d. 1768)
1752 - 27 Jan 1764         Petru Pavel Aron                   (b. 1709 - d. 1764)
1765 - 1772                Atanasie Rednic                    (b. 1722 - d. 1772)
1772 - 13 Mar 1782         Grigore Maior                      (b. 1715 - d. 1785)
1783 -  2 Oct 1830         Ioan Bob                           (b. 1739 - d. 1830)
1832 - 10 Apr 1850         Ioan Lemeni                        (b. 1780 - d. 1861)
1850 - 1853                Alexandru Sterca Sulutiu           (b. 1794 - d. 1867)
Archbishops of Fagaras and Alba Iulia and Metropolitans
1853 -  7 Sep 1867         Alexandru Sterca Sulutiu           (s.a.)
1868 - 31 Jul 1892         Ioan Vancea                        (b. 1820 - d. 1892)
1893 - 1918                Victor Mihaly de Apsa              (b. 1841 - d. 1918)
1920 - 25 Jan 1935         Vasile Suciu                       (b. 1873 - d. 1935)
1936 -  5 Jun 1941         Alexandru Nicolescu                (b. 1882 - d. 1941)
1941 - 1946                Valeriu Traian Frentiu             (b. 1875 - d. 1952)
                             (Apostolic Administrator)
1946 - 1948                Ioan Suciu                         (b. 1907 - d. 1953)
                             (Apostolic Administrator)
14 Mar 1990 - 20 Jul 1994  Alexandru Todea                    (b. 1912 - d. 2002)
                             (from 28 Jun 1991, Alexandru Cardinal Todea) 
20 Jul 1994 -              Lucian Muresan                     (b. 1931)

24 Apr 1646                Union with Rome
28 Aug 1949 - 16 Jan 1991  Church outlawed.

Bishops of Mukachevo of the Byzantines
1690 - 1707                Iosif de Kamelis
1707 - 1715                Ioann Iosif Gordemarsky
1716 - 1733                Georgy Gennady Bezancy
1733 - 1738                Simeon Olshavsky
1738 - 1742                Georgy Gavril Blazhovsky
1743 - 1767                Michail Manuil Olshavsky
1767 - 1772                Ioann Bradach
1772 - 1808                Andrey Bachinsky
1808 - 1815                Michail Bradach                    (b. 1748 - d. 1815)
1816 - 1831                Alexy Póvsy                        (b. 1753 - d. 1831)
1831 - 1837                Vacant
1837 - 1864                Vasily Popovic                     (b. 1796 - d. 1864)
1864 - 1867                Vacant
1867 - 1874                István Pankovic                    (b. 1820 - d. 1874)
1875 - 1891                János Pástzélyi-Kovács             (b. 1826 - d. 1891)
1891 - 1912                Gyula Firczák                      (b. 1836 - d. 1912)
1912 - 1924                Antal Papp                         (b. 1867 - d. 1945)
1924 - 1931                Péter Gebé                         (b. 1864 - d. 1931)
1932 - 31 May 1943         Alexander Stojka                   (b. 1890 - d. 1943)
1943 - 1944                Miklós Dudás                       (b. 1902 - d. 1972)
                             (apostolic administrator)
24 Sep 1944 -  1 Nov 1947  Theodore Romzha                    (b. 1911 - d. 1947)
                             (apostolic administrator)
1945 - 26 May 1983         Alexander Chira                    (b. 1897 - d. 1983)
                             (exiled 10 Feb 1949 - Sep 1956 in Russian SFSR,
                             from Dec 1957 in Kazakh S.S.R.)
1947 - 1950                Makary
                             (apostolic administrator)
16 Jan 1991 - 12 Nov 2002  Ivan Semedi                        (b. 1921)
12 Nov 2002 -              Milan Sasik                        (b. 1952)
                             (apostolic administrator to 6 Jan 2003)

1662                       Patriarchate created.
1702                       Patriarchate abolished.
1782                       Patriarchate restored.

Patriarchs of Antioch and All The East of the Syrians
1662 - 24 Jul 1677         Ignatius André Akhidjan            (d. 1677)
1677 - Feb 1702            Ignatius Pierre VI Chaahbadine     (b. 1640 - d. 1702)
Feb 1702 - 22 Jan 1782     Patriarchate abolished
22 Jan 1782 -  4 Sep 1800  Ignatius Michael III Jarweh        (b. 1730 - d. 1800)
20 Dec 1802 - 1810         Ignatius Michael IV
 2 Jan 1811 -  1 Jun 1818  Ignatius Simon II
Feb 1820 - 16 Oct 1851     Ignatius Pierre VII                (d. 1851)
30 Mar 1853 - 14 Mar 1864  Ignatius Antoun I
 6 Aug 1866 -  7 Mar 1874  Ignatius Philippe I
21 Dec 1874 - 1891         Ignatius Georges V
12 Oct 1893 - 13 Sep 1897  Ignatius Behnam II                 (b. 1831 - d. ....)
 9 Oct 1898 -  7 May 1929  Ignatius Ephrem II Rahmani         (b. 1848 - d. 1929)
24 Jun 1929 - 29 Jan 1968  Ignatius Gabriel I Tappouni        (b. 1879 - d. 1968)
                             (from 16 Dec 1935, Cardinal Ignatius Gabriel Tappouni) 
10 Mar 1968 - 23 Jul 1998  Ignatius Antoun II Hayek           (b. 1910 - d. 2007)
13 Oct 1998 -  8 Jan 2001  Ignatius Moussa I Daoud            (b. 1930)
16 Feb 2001 -              Ignatius Pierre VIII               (b. 1930)

1599                       St. Thomas Christians are included in the Catholic church.
16 Dec 1992                Rank of Major Archbishop (head of the church) created.

Major Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly
16 Dec 1992 - 11 Nov 1996  Antony Cardinal Padiyara           (b. 1921 - d. 2000)
11 Nov 1996 - 23 Dec 1999  Vacant
23 Dec 1999 -              Varkey Vithayathil                 (b. 1927)
                            (from 21 Feb 2001, Varkey Cardinal Vithayathil)

Archbishops of Trivandrum
11 Jun 1932 - 15 Jul 1953  Mar Ivanios                        (b. 1882 - d. 1953)
27 Jan 1955 - 10 Oct 1994  Benedict Mar Gregorios             (b. 1916 - d. 1994)
29 Nov 1995 - 10 Jan 2005  Cyril Mar Baselios                 (b. 1935 - d. 2007)
Major Archbishops of Trivandrum
10 Jan 2005 - 18 Jan 2007  Cyril Mar Baselios                 (s.a.)
Jan 2007 - 10 Feb 2007     Geevarghese Mar Divannasios        (b. 1950)
                             (administrator)
10 Feb 2007 -              Bawa Cleemis Baselios              (b. 1959)

 3 Jan 1596                Union with Rome; church headed by Metropolitan of Galitzia
                             and Kiev.
1808                       Metropolis of Lviv established in Austria-Hungary.
1839                       Metropolis of Kiev abolished; Lviv becomes Metropolis
                             of Galitzia and Lviv.
1946                       Church outlawed and absorbed by Russian Orthodox Church
1975                       Metropolitan proclaims himself a Patriarch, not approved
                             by Rome.
 1 Dec 1989                Church re-legalized.
21 Aug 2005                Metropolis moved to Kiev.

Metropolitans of Kiev
1694 - 13 Jun 1708         Lev Shliubits-Zanesky
1708 -  3 Oct 1713         Yury Vinnitsky                      (d. 1713)
27 Feb 1714 - 30 Nov 1728  Lev Luka Kishka                     (b. 1668 - d. 1728)
1728 - 1746                Athanasy Sheptytsky
1747                       Theodor Liubenetsky-Rudnitsky       (b. c.1698 - d. 1751)
                             (not approved by the Pope)
1748 - 1762                Florian Grabnitsky                  (d. 1762)
1762 - 1778                Felician Philip Volodkovich         (b. 1697 - d. 1778)
1778 -  4 Jun 1779         Liudvig Lev Sheptytsky              (b. 1717 - d. 1779)
1780 - 12 Nov 1788         Iasan Yunosha-Smagazhevsky          (b. 1714 - d. 1788)
1788 - 1808                Theodor Rostocky                    (b. 1725 - d. 1805)
1808 - 1809                Irakly Lisovsky                     (b. 1734 - d. 1809)
1809 - 1815                Grigory Kohanovich
1817 - 1839                Josafat Bulgak                      (b. 1758 - d. 1838)
Metropolitans of Lviv
1808 - 1814                Antony Angelovich                   (b. 1756 - d. 1814)
1816 - 1858                Mikhail Levitsky                    (b. 1774 - d. 1858)
1858 - 1860                Vacant
1860 - 1866                Grigory Yakhimovich
1866 - 1869                Spiridon Litvinovich
1870 - 1882                Josyf Sembratovich 
1882 -  4 Aug 1898         Sylvester Sembratovich              (b. 1836 - d. 1898)
                            (from 10 Jan 1896, Sylvester Cardinal Sembratovich) 
 4 Aug 1898 - 31 Oct 1900  Vacant
31 Oct 1900 -  1 Nov 1944  Andrey Sheptytsky                   (b. 1865 - d. 1944)
1944 - 1975                Josyf Slipy-Kobernytsky-Dychkovsky  (b. 1892 - d. 1984) 
                            (from 25 Jan 1965, Josyf Cardinal Slipy) 
                            (from 11 Apr 1945 imprisoned; from 9 Feb 1963 in Rome exile)
1972 - 1991                Volodymyr Sterniuk                  (b. 1907 - d. 1997)
                            (Locum Tenens in Ukraine) 
Patriarchs of Lviv
1975 -  7 Sep 1984         Josyf Cardinal Slipy-Kobernytsky-   (s.a.) 
                             Dychkovsky (in Rome exile) 
 7 Sep 1984 - 14 Dec 2000  Myroslav Ivan Lubachivsky           (b. 1914 - d. 2000)
                            (from 25 May 1985, Myroslav Ivan Cardinal Lubachivsky) 
                            (to 30 Mar 1991 in Rome exile)
14 Dec 2000 - 21 Aug 2005  Lubomy Husar                        (b. 1933)
                            (from 21 Feb 2001, Lubomyr Cardinal Husar)
                            (Locum Tenens to 25 Jan 2001)
Patriarch of Kiev
21 Aug 2005 -              Lubomyr Cardinal Husar              (s.a.)

Archbishops of Utrecht
27 Apr 1723 -  3 Apr 1725  Cornelius Steenoven                (b. 1662 - d. 17..)
15 May 1725 - 13 May 1733  Cornelius Johannes Barchman
                             Wuytiers
22 Jul 1733 -  9 Jun 1739  Theodorus van der Croon
 2 Jul 1739 - 31 Oct 1767  Petrus Johannes Meindaerts
19 Nov 1767 - 14 Apr 1797  Gualterus Michael van Nieuwhuyzen
10 May 1797 - 24 Jun 1808  Johannes Jacobus van Rhyn
24 Jun 1808 - 10 Feb 1814  Vacant
10 Feb 1814 - 28 Feb 1825  Willibrord van Os
14 Jul 1825 -  3 Jul 1858  Johannes van Santen
 7 Jul 1858 -  4 Jul 1873  Henricus Loos
16 Dec 1874 -  8 Jan 1892  Johannes Heykamp                   (b. 1824 - d. 1892)
23 Feb 1892 -  9 Feb 1920  Gerardus Gul                       (b. 1847 - d. 1920)
 8 Mar 1920 - 10 Feb 1937  Franciscus Kenninck                (b. 1859 - d. 1937)
 6 Apr 1937 -  8 Nov 1970  Andreas Rinkel                     (b. 1889 - d. 1979)
 8 Nov 1970 - 29 Dec 1981  Marinus Kok                        (b. 1916 - d. 1999)
 6 Feb 1982 - 12 Feb 2000  Antonius Jan Glazemaker            (b. 1931)
11 Mar 2000 -              Joris A.O.L. Vercammen             (b. 1952)

Old Catholic Church of Great Britain

Archbishop
22 Apr 1908 - 25 May 1917  Arnold Harris Matthews             (b. 1852 - d. 1919)

 8 Jan 1920                Split from Roman Catholic church. 
Aug 1924                   Split between orthodox minority and Hussite majority factions
                             (Czechoslovak Church).
1971                       Renamed Czechoslovak Hussite Church (Církev ceskoslovenská
                             husitská)(CCSH).

Bishop
1920 - 1924                Gorazd (Matej Pavlík)              (d. 1942)
Patriarchs
1924 - 12 Jun 1927         Karel Farský                       (b. 1880 - d. 1927)
1928 - 1942                Gustav Adolf Procházka
1946 - 1961                Frantisek Kovár
1961 - 1990                Miroslav Novák
1990 - 1994                Vratislav Stepánek
1994 - 2001                Josef Spak
2001 - 2005                Jan Schwarz                        (b. 1958)
25 Jun 2005 - 28 Sep 2006  Stepan Klasek (acting)
28 Sep 2006 -              Tomás Butta                        (b. 1958)

 6 Jul 1945                Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (Igreja Católica
                             Apostólica Brasileira)(ICAB) founded.

Patriarchs
 6 Jul 1945 - 26 Mar 1961  Carlos Duarte Costa                (b. 1888 - d. 1961)
1961                       José Aires da Cruz 
1961 -                     Luis Fernando Castillo Méndez      (b. 1922)

Minister-General
10 Oct 1909 - 29 Jan 1935  Jan Maria Michal Kowalski         (b. 1871 - d. 1942)
Bishop-Primates
29 Jan 1935 - 1945         Klemens Maria Filip Feldman       (b. 1885 - d. 1971)
1945 - 1953                Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski    (b. 1872 - d. 1954)
1953 - 1955                Waclaw Maria Bartlomiej           (b. 1878 - d. 1961)
                             Przysiecki
1955 - 1965                Jan Maria Michel Sitek            (b. 1906 - d. 1970)
1965 - 1972                Waclaw Maria Innocenty            (b. 1913 - d. 1985)
                             Golebiowski
1972 - 1997                Stanislaw Maria Tymoteusz         (b. 1931 - d. 1997)
                             Kowalski
1997 - 2007                Zdzislaw Maria Wlodzimierz        (b. 1936)
                             Jaworski
2007 -                     Michal Maria Ludwik Jablonski     (b. 1950)

29 Jan 1935                Catholic Church of the Mariavites-Felicjanów Group split
                             from the Old Catholic Church of the Mariavites.

Archbishop
29 Jan 1935 - 1942         Jan Maria Michal Kowalski          (b. 1871 - d. 1942)
Archpriestess
1942 - 1946                Antonina Maria Izabela Wilucka-    (b. 1890 - d. 1946)
                             Kowalska (f)
Archbishop
1946 - 17 Mar 2005         Józef Maria Rafael Wojciechowski   (b. 1917 - d. 2005)
Bishopess
Apr 2005 -                 Maria Beatrycze Szulgowicz (f)

Prime Bishops
Sep 1904 - 16 Feb 1953     Francis Hodur                      (b. 1866 - d. 1953)
                             (administrator to 29 Sep 1907)
1953 - 17 Jul 1969         Leon Grochowski                    (b. 1886 - d. 1969)
1969 - 1978                Thaddeus F. Zielinski              (b. 1904 - d. 1990)
1978 - 1985                Francis Rowinski                   (b. 1918 - d. 1990)
1985 - 2002                John F. Swantek                    (b. 1933)
 8 Oct 2002 -              Robert M. Nemkovich                (b. 1942)

Oct 1916                   North American Old Roman Catholic Church (NAORCC) founded.
Jan 1958                   Following the death of Archbishop Carfora, several
                             independent but cooperating jurisdictions are established.

Archbishops
Oct 1916 - 1919            Rudolph Francis Edward Hamilton    (b. 1873 - d. 1920)
                             de Lorraine-Brabant, prince de
                             Landas Berghes 
1919 - 11 Jan 1958         Carmel Henry Carfora               (b. 1878 - d. 1958)
1958                       Cyrus Augustine Starkey (1st time)
 8 Jun 1958 - 1962         Richard Arthur Marchenna           (b. 1911 - d. 1982)
1962 - 1965                Cyrus Augustine Starkey (2nd time)
1965 - 1988                John Emil Schweikert
1988 -                     Theodore Joseph Rematt

Archbishops 
1940 - 1985                Edgar Ramon Verostek
1985 -                     Joseph Andrew Vellone

North American Old Roman Catholic Church, Archdiocese of New York

Archbishops
1946 - 1972                Hubert Augustus Rogers             (b. 1887 - d. 1976)
1972 - 1990                James Hubert Rogers
1990 - 1991                Herve Lionel Quessy
1991 - 2002                Edward James Ford (1st time)
2002 - 2006                Edmund F. Leeman
2006 -                     Edward James Ford (2nd time)

Old Catholic Church of Canada

Sep 1960                   Diocese of Hamilton and other Canadian dioceses decide to unite
                             as an independent body (Old Catholic Church of Canada)(OCCA).
2007?                      Renamed Community Catholic Church of Canada (CCCC).

Presiding Bishops
Sep 1960 -  5 Mar 1962     Richard Arthur Marchenna (acting)  (s.a.)
 5 Mar 1962 -  9 Oct 1988  Robert Ritchie                     (b. 1907 - d. 1999)
 9 Oct 1988 - Jun 2001     David Charles Thomson              (b. 1937)
Jun 2001 - 10 Jul 2005     Arthur Cuthbert Keating            (b. 1926)
10 Jul 2005 -              Patricia Davies (f)

Archbishops
May 1925 - 1953            Paul Francis Cope
1953 - 1963                Francis Xavier Resch
1963 -  1 Nov 1997         Walter Xavier Brown                (b. 1931 - d. 1998)
 1 Nov 1997 -              James Edward Bostwick              (b. 1949)

Archbishops
May 1963 - 20 Apr 1974     Robert Alfred Burns                (d. 1974)
1974 -  5 Jan 1975         Andrew Gordon Johnson-Cantrell
12 Apr 1975 -              Francis Peter Facione

Tridentine Latin Rite Catholic Church

Bishop
 1 Nov 1971 -  5 Nov 2006  Francis Konrad Schuckardt          (b. 1937 - d. 2006)

 3 Aug 1902                Philippine Independent Church (Iglesia Filipina
                             Independiente)(IFI)(Aglipayan Church) founded.

Supreme Bishops (Obispo Maximo)
17 Oct 1902 -  1 Sep 1940  Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan         (b. 1860 - d. 1940)
14 Oct 1940 - Jan 1946     Santiago Fonacier y Suguitan       (b. 1885 - d. 1977)
Jan 1946 -  1 Sep 1946     Gerardo Bayaca y Medina
 1 Sep 1946 - 1971         Isabelo Lopez de los Reyes, Jr.    (b. 1900 - d. 1971)
1971 -  8 May 1981         Macario Vilches Ga
 8 May 1981 -  8 May 1987  Abdias Rebantad de la Cruz
 8 May 1987 - 26 May 1989  Soliman Flores Ganno               (d. 1989)
22 Jun 1989 - May 1993     Tito Esquillo Pasco
May 1993 - May 1999        Alberto Baldovino Ramento          (b. 1936 - d. 2006)
May 1999 - May 2005        Tomas Amabran Millamena
May 2005 -                 Godofredo Jucio David

Patriarch
21 Feb 1925 -  9 Oct 1931  José Joaquín Pérez Budar           (b. 1851 - d. 1931)

27 Sep 1540                Society of Jesus (Societas Jesu) founded.
16 Aug 1773 -  7 Aug 1814  Suppressed by Papal decree, except in Russia
                             (status in Russia approved by Papal decree 7 Mar 1801).

Superior Generals
 6 Jul 1687 - 27 Oct 1705  Tirso González de Santalla         (b. 1624 - d. 1705)
31 Jan 1706 - 28 Feb 1730  Michelangelo Tamburini             (b. 1648 - d. 1730)
30 Nov 1730 - 19 Nov 1750  Franz Retz                         (b. 1673 - d. 1750)
 4 Jul 1751 -  4 May 1755  Ignatius Visconti                  (b. 1686 - d. 1755)
30 Nov 1755 -  2 Oct 1757  Luigi Aloysius Centurioni          (b. 1686 - d. 1757)
21 May 1758 - 24 Nov 1775  Lorenzo Ricci                      (b. 1703 - d. 1775)
24 Nov 1775 -  7 Aug 1814  Post abolished
Superior Generals for Russia
17 Oct 1782 - 21 Oct 1785  Stanislaus Czerniewicz             (b. 1728 - d. 1785)
 8 Oct 1785 - 21 Oct 1798  Gabriel Lenkiewicz -Vicar-general  (b. 1722 - d. 1798)
12 Feb 1799 - 11 Aug 1802  Franciszek Xavier Kareu            (b. 1731 - d. 1802)
                             (vicar-general to 7 Mar 1801)
22 Oct 1802 -  6 Apr 1805  Gabriel Gruber                     (b. 1740 - d. 1805)
14 Sep 1805 -  7 Aug 1814  Tadeusz Brzozowski                 (b. 1749 - d. 1820)
Superior Generals
 7 Aug 1814 -  5 Feb 1820  Tadeusz Brzozowski                 (s.a.)
18 Oct 1820 - 27 Jan 1829  Luigi Fortis                       (b. 1749 - d. 1829)
 9 Jul 1829 -  8 May 1853  Johannes Philippus Roothaan        (b. 1785 - d. 1853)
 2 Aug 1853 -  4 Mar 1887  Pieter Jean Beckx                  (b. 1795 - d. 1887)
 5 Mar 1887 - 18 Jan 1892  Anton Maria Anderledy              (b. 1819 - d. 1892)
 2 Oct 1892 - 18 Apr 1906  Luis Martín                        (b. 1846 - d. 1906)
 8 Sep 1906 - 19 Aug 1914  Franz Xaver Wernz                  (b. 1842 - d. 1914) 
11 Feb 1915 - 13 Dec 1942  Wlodzimierz Halka Ledóchowski      (b. 1866 - d. 1942)
14 Dec 1942 - 12 Apr 1944  A. Magni -Vicar-general
19 Apr 1944 - 15 Sep 1946  N. De Boynes -Vicar-general
15 Sep 1946 -  5 Oct 1964  Jean-Baptiste Janssens             (b. 1899 - d. 1964)
22 May 1965 -  3 Sep 1983  Pedro Arrupe Gondra                (b. 1907 - d. 1991) 
 5 Oct 1981 - 13 Sep 1983  Paolo Dezza -Papal delegate        (b. 1901 - d. 1999)
13 Sep 1983 - 19 Jan 2008  Peter Hans Kolvenbach              (b. 1928)
19 Jan 2008 -              Adolfo Nicolás                     (b. 1936)

          Flag of the Teutonic Order

 9 Nov 1190                Teutonic Order, or in full the Order of the Knights
                             (or Brethren) of the Hospital of Saint Mary of the
                             Teutonic House in Jerusalem (Orden der Ritter [or Brüder]

                             des Hospitals Sankt Marien des Deutschen Hauses zu Jerusalem)

                             in the Holy Land set up by merchants from Bremen and Lübeck

                             at Crusader encampment during the siege of Akko (Acre) by 

                             Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.

 5 Mar 1198                Reorganized as a military order (on model of Templars)

                             (recognized by Pope Innocent III as such on 19 Feb 1199).

1211 - 1225                Active in Transylvania against the pagan Qypçak (Kumans).

1219 - 24 Apr 1809         Mergentheim (Marienthal) in Franconia, Germany a possession

                             of the Order.

1224                       Duke Conrad of Mazovia, appeals to the Grand Master Hermann

                             von Salza for assistance against the warlike Prussians, who
                             had periodically fought Poland. The Order promised
                             control of Courland and Livonia (see under Latvia).
1226                       Grand Master (Hochmeister) of the Teutonic Order is granted by
                             the Emperor all the privileges and (from Jun 1230) style of the
                             prince of the Empire. The knights are entitled to subject the
                             Prussians on behalf of the Empire.
1230                       Seat of the Grand Master at Montfort castle 
                            (al-Qurayn in Arabic; 35 km north of Haifa), originally called
                             Castellum novum regis, sold to the Order in 1228.
1271                       Montfort lost, seat of the Grand Master moved to Akko/Acre.

1291                       Seat of the Grand Master moved from Akko (Akkon) to Venice

                             upon the conquest of Akko 18 May 1291.

 9 Sep 1309                Seat of the Grand Master (Hochmeister) is moved from Venice

                             to Marienburg (Malbork) in Prussia. The Grand Master takes
                             over direct administration of the Prussian branch (the area

                             later designated East Prussia).

 9 Apr 1525                The Hochmeister Albrecht Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach

                             having converted to Protestantism, he becomes hereditary

                             Duke of Prussia. Order survives under Walter von Cronberg.

16 Dec 1526                Seat of the Grand Master is moved to Mergentheim.

24 Apr 1809                Order is dissolved in German lands by Napoleon, but survives

                             in Austrian lands under Habsburg protection.

 6 Sep 1938                Order is dissolved in Austria by Germany.

1947                       Order restored in Austria.