Hungary
 

1804 - 22 Mar 1848;               3 Aug 1849 - 21 Dec 1867                 22 Mar 1848 - 13 Aug 1849;           12 Nov 1918 - 20 Mar 1919;           (22 Mar 1919 -  6 Aug 1919             Arad Counter Government)     22 Mar 1848 - 13 Aug 1849 Revolt Flag                        21 Dec 1867 - 1915;            1920 - 2 Feb 1946 Alternate                    1915 - 12 Nov 1918                1 Aug 1869 - 12 Nov 1918         Austria-Hungary Merchant Flag                21 Mar 1919 - 3 Aug 1919               6 Aug 1919 -  2 Feb 1946                2 Feb 1946 - 20 Aug 1949               20 Aug 1949 - 1 Oct 1957                1 Oct 1957 - 23 Oct 1989                  Re-adopted 23 Oct 1989     Map of Hungary  Hear National Anthem  "Himnusz" (Anthem) a.k.a "Isten áldd meg a magyart" (God Bless the Hungarians)   Text of National Anthem Adopted 1844 --------------------------- Former Anthem (to 1844) "Boldogasszony Anyánk" (Our Blessed Mother)  Constitution (20 Aug 1949) Capital: Budapest (Székesfehérvár  and Esztergom 1000-1361; Buda 1361-1541;  Pozsony [Bratislava/ Pressburg] 1541-1848; Buda 1848-1873) Currency: Forint (HUF) National Holiday: 20 Aug St. Stephen's Day Population: 9,956,108 (2007) Map of Hungary 1918-1920 Former Currency: 1892-1918 Austro- Hungarian Kronen (ATK); 1753-1892 Austrian Gulden (ATG) 1849 Declaration of Independence (14 Apr 1849) Historic Population: 25,000,000 (1914) 4,679,600 (1942) GDP: $172.7 billion (2006) Exports: $67.9 billion (2006) Imports: $67.9 billion (2006) Ethnic groups: Hungarian 84.4%, Roma (Gypsy) 5.3%,  Ruthenian 2.9%, German 2.4%, Romanian 1%, Jewish 0.6%, Slovak 0.5%, other 2.5% (2000) Total Armed Forces: 33,400 (2003) Merchant marine: None (2006) Religions: Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001)  International Organizations/Treaties: ABEDA, AG, ANT, APM, BIS, BTWC, CE, CEI, CTBT, DC, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ENMOD, EU, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, Intersputnik, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, MTCR, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Hungary Index Chronology   896                        Magyars begin to settle in southern Pannonia.  4 Jul 907                 Magyar rule over entire are of modern Hungary                               and Slovakia. 25 Dec 1000                Kingdom of Hungary Mar 1241 - 1243            Mongol occupation in eastern Hungary. 17 Dec 1526 - 13 Nov 1918  In personal union with the Austria. 11 Sep 1529 - 21 Jul 1540  King János I Szapolyai submits to Ottoman                              suzerainty. 29 Aug 1541 - 26 Jan 1699  Partitioned between Austria and Ottoman Empire,                              (Austria rules neighboring border areas,                               southern and central Hungary under Ottoman                               rule); on 2 Sep 1686 Austrian forces occupy                              Buda and Pest. 18 Sep 1705 - 21 Feb 1711  Anti-Habsburg revolt; Diet elects the Prince                               of Transylvania Ferenc Lipót Rákóczy                               Felsövadászi as Prince of Hungary                              (Magyarországi fejedelem). On 13 Jun                               1707 the Diet declared the king deposed and                               Rákóczy to the official head of state                              (Habsburg royal military forces did not                               submit). The civil war that ensued ended by                              agreement (not accepted by Rákóczy) on                               21 Feb 1711, and more permanently by the Peace                               of Szatmár on 1 May 1711. 14 Apr 1849                Hungary 17 Jun 1849 - 13 Aug 1849  Russian invasion on behalf of Austria. 13 Aug 1849                Hungarian Kingdom (in personal union with                              Austria). 24 Oct 1849 - 21 Dec 1867  Disannexation of Croatia and Transylvania from                               Hungary by Austria. Hungary itself is                               partitioned into 15 military districts (and                               Governorate of Temesch and Serbian Vojvodina                              18 Nov 1849 - 27 Dec 1860). 13 Sep 1850 - 19 Apr 1860  Hungary province partitioned into five                              territories: new territories are Pressburg,                              Kaschau, Grosswardein, Pest-Ofen, and Ödenburg. 21 Dec 1867                "Hungarian half" of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy                              ("Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown")                              (incl. Croatia, Fiume, Slavonia, & Transylvania). 18 Oct 1918                Independence of Croatia declared. 30 Oct 1918                Independence of Slovakia declared. 16 Nov 1918                Hungarian independence proclaimed. 16 Nov 1918                Hungarian People's Republic 21 Mar 1919                Hungarian Conciliar ("Soviet") Republic  23 Jun 1919                Socialist Federative Conciliar Republic of Hungary  2 Aug 1919                Hungarian People's Republic  4 Aug 1919 - 14 Nov 1919  Occupied by Romania.  7 Aug 1919                Hungary. 21 Mar 1920                Hungarian Kingdom ("kingdom with vacant throne").  4 Jun 1920                By the Treaty of Trianon Hungary formally                               surrenders Fiume; cedes Croatia, Slavonia,                              Vojvodina, western Banat, Bosnia-Hercegovia,                               and Prekmurje-Medjimurje to the Yugoslav                              state; Transylvania and eastern Banat                               ceded to Romania; Carpatho-Ruthenia,                              Slovakia and Pressburg (Bratislava) are                               ceded to Czechoslovakia; Burgenland is                              ceded to Austria. 21 Mar 1921                Parliament decrees that the House of                               Habsburg was excluded from kingship. 20 Oct 1921 - 26 Oct 1921  Restoration rebellion by ex-King Károly IV. 30 Aug 1940 - 11 Mar 1945  Northern Transylvania annexed from Rumania.  1 Apr 1944 -  4 Apr 1945  Occupied by Germany. 19 Oct 1944 - 15 Sep 1947  Occupied by Soviet Union. 21 Dec 1944                Hungarian State  1 Feb 1946                Hungarian Republic 20 Aug 1949                Hungarian People's Republic  1 Oct 1956 -  5 Nov 1956  Anti-Communist rebellion; ended by an invasion                              of U.S.S.R. and Warsaw Pact forces. 23 Oct 1989                Hungarian Republic (Republic of Hungary) Ottoman Hungary (1541 - 1686) Romanian Occupation (1919) German Occupation (1944 - 1945) Allied Occupation (1944 - 1947) Hungarian-Serbian Baranya Republic (1921) Hungarian Catholic Church   Historical Maps of Hungary

General Secretaries of the Hungarian Workers' Party (MKP/MDP)

Feb 1945 - 18 Jul 1956     Mátyás Rákosi                      (b. 1892 - d. 1971)

                            (acting 2 Jul 1953 - 31 Oct 1953)

 2 Jul 1953 - 31 Oct 1953  Lajos Acz 

                           + Béla Veg

                           (acting)

18 Jul 1956 - 25 Oct 1956  Ernö Gerö                          (b. 1898 - d. 1980)

First Secretaries of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSzMP) 

25 Oct 1956 - 22 May 1988  János Kádár                        (b. 1912 - d. 1989)

22 May 1988 -  7 Oct 1989  Károly Grósz                       (b. 1930 - d. 1996)

                           (leading role of the party abolished 20 Feb 1989)

 

Sacred rulers (style Kende)
... - 880                  Elöd
880 - 904                  Kurszán                            (d. 904)
War rulers (style Gyula)
... - 896                  Álmos                              (d. 896)
896 - 904                  Árpád                              (d. 907)
Princes (style Fejedelem)
904 - 907                  Árpád                              (s.a.)
907 - 933                  Tarhos
933 - 947                  Zsolt (Zoltán)                     (b. c.895 - d. 949) 
947 - 955                  Fajsz (also Falisz or Vál)
955 - 971                  Taksony (Toxus)                    (b. c.931 - d. 972) 
972 -  1 Feb 997           Gyécsa (Géza)                      (b. c.943 - d. 997) 
 1 Feb 997 - 25 Dec 1000   István                             (b. 969 - d. 1038) 
Kings¹ (17 Dec 1526 - 13 Nov 1918, also rulers of Austria)
25 Dec 1000 - 15 Aug 1038  István I (St. István)              (s.a.)
15 Aug 1038 - 1041         Péter I Orseolo (1st time)         (b. 1012 - d. 1059)
1041 -  5 Jul 1044         Sámuel Aba                         (b. c.990 - d. 1044)
1044 - Sep 1046            Péter I Orseolo (2nd time)         (s.a.)
Sep 1046 - Dec 1060        Endre I (or András I)              (b. 1014 - d. 1060)
 6 Dec 1060 - Jul 1063     Béla I (Adalbert)                  (b. 1016 - d. 1063)
Jul 1063 - 1074            Salamon                            (b. 1052 - d. 1087)
14 Mar 1074 - 25 Apr 1077  Géza I (Magnus)                    (b. 1044 - d. 1077)
25 Apr 1077 - 29 Jul 1095  László I (St. László)              (b. 1040 - d. 1095)
Aug 1095 -  3 Feb 1116     Kálmán "Könyves Kálmán"            (b. c.1065 - d. 1116)
1095 - 1108                Álmos, duke                        (b. 1068 - d. 1129)
                             (in opposition, punctuated by reconciliations)
 3 Feb 1116 -  1 Mar 1131  István II                          (b. 1101 - d. 1131)
Mar 1131 - 13 Feb 1141     Béla II "Vak Béla" ("the Blind")   (b. 1109 - d. 1141) 
1131 -  5 May 1135         Borisz (pretender)                 (b. c.1113 - d. af.1155)
Feb 1141 - 31 May 1162     Géza II                            (b. c.1129 - d. 1162)
13 Feb 1141 - 1147         Belos -Regent                      (d. af.1163)
31 May 1162 - Jul 1162     István III (1st time)              (b. 1147 - d. 1172) 
15 Jul 1162 - 14 Jan 1163  László II                          (b. 1132 - d. 1163)
Jan 1163 - 11 Apr 1165     István IV                          (b. c.1133 - d. 1165)
Apr 1165 -  4 Mar 1172     István III (2nd time)              (b. 1147 - d. 1172)
                             (in rebellion from Feb 1163)
Mar 1172 - 23 Apr 1196     Béla III (Béla Alexiosz)           (b. 1148 - d. 1196)
23 Apr 1196 - 30 Nov 1204  Imre                               (b. 1174 - d. 1204)
                           - together with -
26 Aug 1204 -  7 May 1205  László III                         (b. 1199 - d. 1205)
May 1205 - 21 Sep 1235     Endre II (or András II)            (b. 1176 - d. 1235) 
14 Oct 1235 -  3 May 1270  Béla IV                            (b. 1206 - d. 1270)
Mar 1241 - 1243            Sayban -Mongolian Commander 
                             (in eastern Hungary)
May 1270 -  6 Aug 1272     István V                           (b. 1240 - d. 1272)
 1 Aug 1272 - 10 Jul 1290  László IV "Kun László"("the Cuman")(b. 1262 - d. 1290)
 1 Aug 1272 - 1277         Elisabeth (f) -Regent              (b. 1240 - d. af.1290)
13 Jul 1290 - 14 Jan 1301  Endre III (or András III)          (b. c.1265 - d. 1301) 
                             (pretender 1278 - 1287)
12 Sep 1290 -  6 Jan 1292  Mária -Queen (in dissidence)       (b c.1257 - d. 1323)
Oct 1290 - Nov 1290        Endre (pretender)                  (d. 1290)
 6 Jan 1292 - 19 Aug 1295  Martell Károly                     (b. 1271 - d. 1295)
                             (takes office 7 Feb 1292)
Mar 1301 - 1301            Károly I Robert (1st time)         (b. 1288 - d. 1342)
1301 -  9 Oct 1305         Vencel                             (b. 1289 - d. 1306)
                             (coronation 27 Aug 1301 as László)
 9 Oct 1305 - 1307         Ottó                               (b. 1261 - d. 1312)
                             (coronation 25 Dec 1305 as Béla V)
10 Oct 1307 - 16 Jul 1342  Károly I Robert (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                             (coronation 15 Jun 1309 and again 27 Aug 1310)
16 Jul 1342 - 11 Sep 1382  Lajos I "Nagy Lajos" ("the Great") (b. 1326 - d. 1382)
                             (coronation 21 Jul 1342)
11 Sep 1382 - 1385         Maria -Queen (1st time)            (b. 1370 - d. 1395) 
                             (coronation 17 Sep 1382)
11 Sep 1382 - Sep 1385     Miklós Garai -Regent               (b. 133. - d. 1386)
 6 Oct 1385 - 31 Dec 1385  Miklós Széchy Felsolendvai -Regent (b. 133. - d. 1387)
24 Feb 1386 - 24 Feb 1386  Károly II "Kis Károly"             (b. 1345 - d. 1386)
                             ("the Little")
                             (Charles of Durazzo/Carlo III of Sicily)
                             (coronation 31 Dec 1385)
                             (wounded by conspirators at Buda on 7 Feb 1386,
                             disputed death dates 7 Feb 1386 or 17 Feb 1386)
27 Feb 1386 - 17 May 1386  Maria -Queen (2nd time)            (s.a.)
                           - together with -
31 Mar 1386 -  9 Dec 1437  Zsigmond                           (b. 1368 - d. 1437)
 5 Aug 1403 - Oct 1403     László IV "Nápolyi László"         (b. 1377 - d. 1414)
                             ("the Neapolitan")
                             (in dissidence; coronation 5 Aug 1403)
18 Dec 1437 - 27 Oct 1439  Albert                             (b. 1397 - d. 1439) 
                             (coronation 1 Jan 1438)
27 Oct 1439 - 15 May 1440  Queen Erzsébet (f) -Regent         (b. 1409 - d. 1442)
15 May 1440 - 17 Jul 1440  László V "Utószülött László"       (b. 1440 - d. 1457)
                             ("Posthumus")(1st time) 
                           (coronation 15 May 1440)
15 May 1440 - 17 Jul 1440  Friedrich von Habsburg -Regent     (b. 1415 - d. 1493)
                             (1st time)
17 Jul 1440 - 10 Nov 1444  Ulászló I                          (b. 1423 - d. 1444) 
10 Nov 1444 - 30 May 1445  Government carried on in ignorance 
                           of the ruler's death
30 May 1445 - 23 Nov 1457  László V (2nd time)                (s.a.)
30 May 1445 -  4 Sep 1452  Friedrich von Habsburg -Regent     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
23 Nov 1457 - 24 Jan 1458  László Garai -Palatine             (b. c.1410 - d. 1459)
                             (ex officio locum tenens regius)
24 Jan 1458 -  6 Apr 1490  Mátyás I Hunyadi "Korvin Mátyás"   (b. 1443 - d. 1490) 
17 Feb 1458 - 17 Jul 1463  Frigyes Habsburg (in dissidence)   (b. 1415 - d. 1493)
                             (Hol Roman Emperor Friedrich III)
                             (coronation 4 Mar 1459)
 6 Apr 1490 - 15 Jul 1490  Orbán Dóczi -King's lieutenant
15 Jul 1490 - 13 Mar 1516  Ulászló II                         (b. 1456 - d. 1516)
                             (coronation 21 Sep 1490)
                           - together with -
 4 Jun 1508 - 29 Aug 1526  Lajos II                           (b. 1506 - d. 1526)
                             (coronation 4 Jun 1508)
1490 -  7 Nov 1491         Miksa Habsburg (Maximilian         (b. 1459 - d. 1519)
                             Erzherzog von Österreich)
                             (pretender; agreed to abandon claim 7 Nov 1491) 
29 Aug 1526 - 10 Nov 1526  István Báthory Báthori -Palatine   (b. c.1458 - d. 1541)
                             (ex officio locum tenens regius)
10 Nov 1526 - 21 Jul 1540  János I Szapolyai                  (b. 1487 - d. 1540) 
                             (coronation 11 Nov 1526)
                             (submits to Ottoman suzerainty Jul 1529) 
                           - opposed by -
17 Dec 1526 - 24 Feb 1538  Ferdinánd I (1st time)             (b. 1503 - d. 1564)
                             (elected by rival Diet; coronation 3 Nov 1527)
17 Jul 1540 - 25 Jul 1564  Ferdinánd I (2nd time)             (s.a.)
                           - opposed by -
13 Sep 1540 - Aug 1551     János II Zsigmond Szapolyai        (b. 1540 - d. 1571)
22 Jul 1540 - 29 Dec 1541  Izabella Szapolyai (f) -Regent     (b. 1519 - d. 1559)
                             (1st time)
22 Jul 1540 - 29 Dec 1541  Fráter György -Regent              (b. 1482 - d. 1551)
                             (Juraj Utiesenovic-Martinuzzi)
22 Oct 1556 - 16 Aug 1570  János Zsigmond Szapolyai           (b. 1540 - d. 1571)
                             (pretender)
25 Nov 1556 - 15 Sep 1559  Izabella Szapolyai (f) -Regent     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 8 Sep 1563 - 25 Sep 1572  Miksa II                           (b. 1527 - d. 1576)
                             (coronation 8 Sep 1563)
25 Sep 1572 - 25 Jun 1608  Rudolf (Rezsö)                     (b. 1552 - d. 1612)
25 Jun 1608 - 16 Nov 1608  Mátyás -Governor                   (b. 1557 - d. 1619)
Jun 1605 - 29 Dec 1606     István Bocskai Bocskói-Kismarjai,  (b. 1557 - d. 1606)
                             Prince Erdélyi (pretender)
16 Nov 1608 - 20 Mar 1619  Mátyás II                          (s.a.)
                             (coronation 19 Nov 1608)
18 May 1618 - 15 Feb 1637  Ferdinánd II                       (b. 1578 - d. 1637)
                             (coronation 1 Jul 1618)
25 Aug 1620 - 31 Dec 1621  Gábor Bethlen Iktári               (b. 1580 - d. 1629)
                             (in dissidence)
26 Nov 1625 -  2 Apr 1657  Ferdinánd III                      (b. 1608 - d. 1657)
                             (coronation 8 Dec 1626)
16 Jun 1647 -  9 Jul 1654  Ferdinánd IV Ferenc                (b. 1633 - d. 1654)
                             (coronation 16 Jun 1647)

27 Jun 1655 -  5 May 1705  Lipót I Ignác József               (b. 1640 - d. 1705)

                             (coronation 27 Jun 1655)

1674 - 14 Jan 1688         Imre Thököly Késmárkai (pretender) (b. 1657 - d. 1705)

 9 Dec 1687 - 17 Apr 1711  József I                           (b. 1678 - d. 1711)

                            (13 Jun 1707 - 21 Feb 1711 deposed by Hungarian Diet)

13 Jun 1707 - 21 Feb 1711  Ferenc Lipót Rákóczy               (b. 1676 - d. 1735)

                             Felsövadászi -Prince (in dissidence)

17 Apr 1711 - 20 Oct 1740  Károly III                         (b. 1685 - d. 1740)

20 Oct 1740 - 29 Nov 1780  Mária Terézia -Queen               (b. 1717 - d. 1780)

29 Nov 1780 - 20 Feb 1790  József II                          (b. 1741 - d. 1790)

20 Feb 1790 -  1 Mar 1792  Lipót II                           (b. 1747 - d. 1792)

 1 Mar 1792 -  2 Mar 1835  Ferenc I                           (b. 1768 - d. 1835)

28 Sep 1830 -  2 Dec 1848  Ferdinánd V                        (b. 1793 - d. 1875)

 2 Dec 1848 - 14 Apr 1849  Ferenc József I (1st time)         (b. 1830 - d. 1916)

Governor-Presidents

14 Apr 1849 - 11 Aug 1849  Lajos Kossuth de Kossuthfalva      (b. 1802 - d. 1894)

11 Aug 1849 - 13 Aug 1849  Artúr Görgey                       (b. 1818 - d. 1916)

                             (acting civil and military authority) 

Kings¹ (also rulers of Austria)

13 Aug 1849 - 21 Nov 1916  Ferenc József I (2nd time)         (s.a.)

21 Nov 1916 - 16 Nov 1918  Károly IV (1st time)               (b. 1887 - d. 1922)

Chairman of the National Council

 1 Nov 1918 - 16 Nov 1918  János Hock                         (b. 1859 - d. 1936)  EF48

                             (in opposition to Károly IV)

Prime minister (acting as head of state)

16 Nov 1918 - 11 Jan 1919  Mihály gróf Károlyi de Nagykároly  (b. 1875 - d. 1955)  F48

Provisional President

11 Jan 1919 - 21 Mar 1919  Mihály gróf Károlyi de Nagykároly  (s.a.)               F48

Chairman of the Revolutionary Governing Council

21 Mar 1919 - 24 Jun 1919  Sándor Garbai                      (b. 1879 - d. 1947)  MSzP

Chairman of the Federal Central Executive Committee 

24 Jun 1919 -  1 Aug 1919  no permanent chairman elected  

                           Sándor Garabi (ex officio)         (s.a.)               MSzP

                             (16 Jul 1919 - 1 Aug 1919)

Prime minister (acting as head of state)

 1 Aug 1919 -  6 Aug 1919  Gyula Peidl                        (b. 1873 - d. 1943)  SzDP

Governor (usually referred to as Regent)

 8 Aug 1919 - 23 Aug 1919  Archduke and Royal Duke József     (b. 1872 - d. 1962)  Non-party

                             Ágost Viktor Kelemen Mária Habsburg 

                            (de facto head of state 6 - 8 Aug 1919)

Prime ministers (acting as heads of state)

23 Aug 1919 - 24 Nov 1919  István Friedrich                   (b. 1883 - d. 1951)  KNEP

24 Nov 1919 -  1 Mar 1920  Károly Huszár                      (b. 1882 - d. 1941)  KNEP

King

21 Mar 1920 -  2 Feb 1946  Vacant

20 Oct 1921 - 24 Oct 1921  Károly IV (in dissidence)          (s.a.)

Governor (Magyarország kormanyzója)(always referred to as Regent)

 1 Mar 1920 -  3 Nov 1944  Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya         (b. 1868 - d. 1957)  Mil

                            (deported by the Germans on 16 Oct 1944)

16 Oct 1944 - 28 Mar 1945  Governing Council (Regency)

                           (acting for absent Horthy to 3 Nov 1944;

                           inactive after 4 Nov 1944)

                           - Károly Beregfy                   (b. 1888 - d. 1946)  Mil

                           - Ferenc Rajniss                   (b. 1893 - d. 1946)  Non-party

                           - Sándor Csia                      (b. 1894 - d. 1946)  NPHM

                           - together with -

National Leader (styled Nemzetvezetö)

 4 Nov 1944 - 28 Mar 1945  Ferenc Szálasi                     (b. 1897 - d. 1946)  NPHM

Chairmen of the Provisional National Assembly

21 Dec 1944                István Vásáry (provisional)        (b. 1887 - d. 1955)  FKgP

21 Dec 1944 - 26 Jan 1945  Béla Zsedényi                      (b. 1894 - d. 1955)  Non-party

26 Jan 1945 -  7 Dec 1945  National Supreme Council

                           - Béla Zsedényi Löcsei             (s.a.)               Non-party

                           - Béla Miklós de Dálnok            (b. 1890 - d. 1948)  Mil

                           - Ernö Gerö (to 11 May 1945)       (s.a.)               MKP

                           - József Révay                     (b. 1898 - d. 1959)  MKP

                             (11 May - 27 Sep 1945)

                           - Mátyás Rákosi                    (s.a.)               MKP

                             (from 27 Sep 1945)

 7 Dec 1945 -  2 Feb 1946  National Supreme Council

                           - Ferenc Nagy                      (b. 1903 - d. 1979)  FKgP

                           - Zoltán Tildy (ex officio)        (b. 1889 - d. 1961)  FKgP

                           - László Rajk                      (b. 1909 - d. 1949)  MKP

                           - Béla Varga (to 8 Jan 1946)       (b. 1903 - d. 1995)  FKgP

Presidents

 2 Feb 1946 -  3 Aug 1948  Zoltán Tildy                       (s.a.)               FKgP

 3 Aug 1948 - 23 Aug 1949  Árpád Szakasits                    (b. 1888 - d. 1965)  MDP 

Chairmen of the Presidential Council

23 Aug 1949 -  8 May 1950  Árpád Szakasits                    (s.a.)               MDP 

 8 May 1950 - 14 Aug 1952  Sándor Rónai                       (b. 1892 - d. 1965)  MDP 

14 Aug 1952 - 14 Apr 1967  István Dobi                        (b. 1898 - d. 1968)MDP;1956MZsMP

14 Apr 1967 - 25 Jun 1987  Pál Losonczi                       (b. 1919 - d. 2005)  MSzMP 

25 Jun 1987 - 29 Jun 1988  Károly Németh                      (b. 1922 - d. 2008)  MSzMP 

29 Jun 1988 - 23 Oct 1989  Brunó Ferenc Straub                (b. 1914 - d. 1996)  MSzMP 

Presidents

23 Oct 1989 -  2 May 1990  Mátyás Szürös (interim)            (b. 1933)            MSzP 

 2 May 1990 -  4 Aug 2000  Árpád Göncz                        (b. 1922)            SzDSz 

                             (interim to 3 Aug 1990) 

 4 Aug 2000 -  4 Aug 2005  Ferenc Mádl                        (b. 1931)            Non-party

 5 Aug 2005 -              László Sólyom                      (b. 1942)            Fidesz-MPP

 

Palatines²

18 Dec 1322 - 19 May 1327  Fülöp Drugeth                      (b. 1288 - d. 1327) 

31 Oct 1328 -  6 May 1333  János Drugeth                      (b. 129. - d. 1334) 
 2 Jun 1334 - 21 Jul 1342  Vilmos Drugeth                     (d. 1342) 
Sep 1342 - Jan 1356        Miklós Giletfi 
 6 Apr 1356 - 24 Apr 1367  Miklós Kont Újlaki                 (d. 1367) 
 1 May 1367 - 15 Spe 1372  László von Oppeln 
 6 Oct 1372 - 31 Apr 1375  Imre Laczffy Simontornyai
26 Jan 1376 - Sep 1385     Miklós Garay                       (b. 133. - d. 1386) 
 6 Oct 1385 - Apr 1387     Miklós Széchy Felsolendvai         (b. 133. - d. 1387)
 8 Apr 1387 - Nov 1392     István Laczffy Csáktornyai 
24 Nov 1392 - Apr 1397     Leusták Ilsvay 
 4 May 1397 - Sep 1402     Detre Bebek                        (d. 1404) 
21 Sep 1402 - Nov 1433     Miklós Garay                       (b. c.1366 - d. 1433)
1434 - 1434                György Pálóczy (acting)            (d. 1439) 
 8 Mar 1435 - 11 Jan 1437  Máté Pálóczy                       (d. 1437)
 7 Mar 1437 - Aug 1447     Lurinc Héderváry                   (b. 140. - d. 1447) 
15 Sep 1447 - 23 Jul 1458  László Garai                       (b. c.1410 - d. 1459)
27 Jul 1458 - 11 Nov 1484  Mihály Orságh (Ország) Guthi       (d. 1484)
1482 - 1484                Orbán Dóczi (1st time)(acting) 
Jan 1486 -  7 Sep 1487     Imre Szapolyay                     (d. 1487) 
 5 Dec 1487 - 1491         Orbán Dóczi (2nd time)(acting)
29 Mar 1492 - 25 Dec 1499  István Szapolyay                   (d. 1499)
24 Apr 1500 - 1503         Péter Geréb Vingárti               (d. 1503)
24 Apr 1504 -  5 Feb 1519  Imre Perényi Siklósi               (d. 1519) 
17 Feb 1519 - 23 May 1523  István Báthory Somlyói (2nd time)  (b. 1477 - d. 1534) 
 8 Sep 1524 -  4 Jul 1525  István Báthory Somlyói (1st time)  (s.a.)
 5 Jul 1525 - 28 Apr 1526  István Verboczy                    (b. c.1458 - d. 1541)
28 Apr 1526 -  8 May 1530  István Báthory Somlyói             (b. 1477 - d. 1534)
Dec 1526 - 1529            Mihály Kesserev (in rebellion)
May 1530 - Mar 1533        János Bánffy Alsólindvai           (d. 1534) 
1534                       Elek Thurzó (acting)
29 Jan 1536 - Mar 1540     Gergely Pöstényi Martonosi (acting)
29 Jun 1532 - 23 Nov 1542  Elek gróf Thurzó és Tamás Szalaházy 
26 Nov 1542 - 31 Oct 1553  Ferenc Révay Szklabinai            (b. 1489 - d. 1553)
                             Blathniczai
12 Apr 1550 - 20 Feb 1554  Ferenc Újlaky (acting)
Apr 1554 -  2 Jun 1562     Tamás gróf Nádasdy Nádasdi         (b. 1498 - d. 1562)
                             Fogarasföldi 
25 Sep 1562 - 14 Jan 1568  Miklós Oláh (acting)
25 Sep 1562 - Mar 1572     Mihály Mérey
Apr 1572 -  8 Jan 1581     Imre báró Czobor                   (d. 1581)
                             Czoborszentmihályi 
19 Jan 1582 -  4 Jun 1608  Miklós Istvánffy Baranyavári       (b. 1538 - d. 1615)
                             Kisasszonyfalvai
21 Mar 1606 - 23 Jun 1606  Mátyás (acting) (1st time) 
28 Mar 1608 - 16 May 1608  Mátyás (acting) (2nd time)
20 Nov 1608 -  5 May 1609  István Illyesházy Illésházai       (b. 1541 - d. 1609)
10 Dec 1609 - 24 Dec 1616  György Thurzó gróf Bethlenfalvai   (b. 1567 - d. 1616)
15 May 1617 - 20 Jun 1621  Zsigmond gróf Forgách              (b. 1559 - d. 1621)
16 May 1622 -  1 May 1625  Szaniszló Thurzó Bethlenfalvai     (b. 1576 - d. 1625)
22 Nov 1625 - 11 Sep 1645  Miklós gróf Esterházy Galánthai    (b. 1582 - d. 1645)
25 Sep 1646 -  8 Nov 1648  Ivan gróf Draskovic                (b. 1603 - d. 1648)
1649 - 26 Nov 1653         Pál gróf Pállfy Erdödi             (b. 1590 - d. 1653)
26 Nov 1653 - 15 Mar 1655  Vacant
15 Mar 1655 - 28 Mar 1667  Ferenc gróf Wesselény Hadadi       (b. 1605 - d. 1667)
1667 - 1670                Ferenc gróf Nádasdy Nádasdi        (b. 1622 - d. 1671)
                             Fogarasfoldi (acting) 
18 Oct 1670 - 13 Jun 1681  György Szelepcsényi (acting)
13 Jun 1681 - 24 Mar 1713  Pál gróf Esterházy de Galanthai    (b. 1635 - d. 1713)
                             (from 1687, herceg Esterházy)
26 Mar 1713 - 15 Oct 1714  Vacant
15 Oct 1714 - 20 Mar 1732  Miklós gróf Pálffy de Erdödi       (b. 1657 - d. 1732)
20 Mar 1732 -  5 Apr 1732  Vacant
 5 Apr 1732 - 20 Jun 1741  Franz Stephan Herzog von           (b. 1708 - d. 1765)
                             Lothringen -Governor
22 Jun 1741 - 24 Mar 1751  János gróf Pálffy de Erdödi        (b. 1664 - d. 1751)
24 Mar 1751 - 11 May 1751  .... (acting)
11 May 1751 - 26 Oct 1765  Lajos Ernst gróf Batthyány         (b. 1696 - d. 1765)
                             Német-Ujvári 
1765 - 1780                Albert Kasimir August von Sachsen  (b. 1738 - d. 1822)
                             Herzog von Teschen -Governor
1780 - 12 Nov 1790         Vacant

12 Nov 1790 - 12 Jul 1795  Alexander Leopold Johann Joseph    (b. 1772 - d. 1795)

                             Erzherzog von Österreich

12 Jul 1795 - 12 Nov 1795  Vacant

12 Nov 1795 - 13 Jan 1847  Joseph Anton Johann Baptist        (b. 1776 - d. 1847)
                             Erzherzog von Österreich
11 Nov 1847 - 25 Sep 1848  Stephan Franz Viktor Erzherzog     (b. 1817 - d. 1867)
                             von Österreich
Prime ministers
17 Mar 1848 -  2 Oct 1848  Lajos gróf Batthyány de Nemetujvár (b. 1807 - d. 1849)
 3 Oct 1848 - 26 Nov 1848  Ádám báró Récsey (acting)          (b. 1775 - d. 1852)
26 Nov 1848 - 11 Aug 1849  Lajos Kossuth de Kossuthfalva      (s.a.)
                             (acting to 14 Apr 1849)
11 Aug 1849 - 13 Aug 1849  Bertalan Szemere de Szemere        (b. 1812 - d. 1869)

Commissioners

13 Aug 1849 - Jul 1850     Julius Freiherr von Haynau         (b. 1786 - d. 1853)

                             (military commander)

13 Aug 1849 - Sep 1851     Károly báró Geringer de Ödenberg   (b. 1806 - d. 1889)

                             (acting)

Sep 1851 - 20 Oct 1860     Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf          (b. 1817 - d. 1895)

                             Erzherzog von Österreich
20 Oct 1860 -  6 Nov 1861  Ágost Benedek de Felsö-Eör (acting)
 6 Nov 1861 - 18 Aug 1865  Moritz gróf Pallfy Erdödi
18 Aug 1865 - 12 Jun 1867  Pál báró Sennyey Kis-Sennyey       (b. 1824 - d. 1888)
Chancellors
20 Oct 1860 - 13 Dec 1860  Miklos báró Vay de Vaja et Luskod  (b. 1802 - d. 1894)
13 Dec 1860 -  4 Feb 1861  Károly báró Mecséry                (b. 1804 - d. 1886)
18 Jul 1861 - 22 Jul 1864  Antal gróf Forgách de Ghymes et
                             Gács                             (b. 1819 - d. 1885)
22 Jul 1864 - 27 Jul 1865  Ármin gróf Zichy de Zich et
                             Vásonkeö                         (b. 1814 - d. 1880)
27 Jul 1865 - 17 Feb 1867  György Mailáth de Székhely         (b. 1818 - d. 1883)
Prime ministers³
17 Feb 1867 - 14 Nov 1871  Gyula gróf Andrássy de             (b. 1823 - d. 1890)  DP
                             Csíkszentkirály et Krasznahorka
14 Nov 1871 -  4 Dec 1872  Menyhért gróf Lónyay de Nagylónya  (b. 1822 - d. 1884)  DP
                             et Vásáros-nameny 
 4 Dec 1872 -  1 Mar 1874  József Szlávy de Erkenéz et Okány  (b. 1818 - d. 1900)  DP
 1 Mar 1874 -  2 Mar 1875  István Bittó de Sárosfalva         (b. 1822 - d. 1903)  DP
 2 Mar 1875 - 20 Oct 1875  Béla báró Wenckheim                (b. 1811 - d. 1879)  DP
20 Oct 1875 - 13 Mar 1890  Kálmán Tisza de Borosjenö et       (b. 1830 - d. 1902)  SzP
                             Szeged 
13 Mar 1890 - 17 Nov 1892  Gyula gróf Szapáry de Szapár       (b. 1832 - d. 1905)  SzP
17 Nov 1892 -  1 Jan 1895  Sándor Wekerle (1st time)          (b. 1848 - d. 1921)  SzP
14 Jan 1895 - 26 Feb 1899  Dezsö báró Bánffy de Losoncz       (b. 1843 - d. 1911)  SzP
26 Feb 1899 - 27 Jun 1903  Kálmán Széll de Duka et            (b. 1845 - d. 1915)  SzP
                             Szentgyörgyvölgy 
27 Jun 1903 -  3 Nov 1903  Károly gróf Khuen-Héderváry de     (b. 1849 - d. 1918)  SzP
                             Hédervár (1st time) 
 3 Nov 1903 - 18 Jun 1905  István gróf Tisza de Borosjenö     (b. 1861 - d. 1918)  SzP
                             et Szeged (1st time)
18 Jun 1905 -  8 Apr 1906  Géza báró Fejérváry de             (b. 1833 - d. 1914)  Mil
                             Komlós-Keresztes 
 8 Apr 1906 - 17 Jan 1910  Sándor Wekerle (2nd time)          (s.a.)               F48 or EF48
17 Jan 1910 - 22 Apr 1912  Károly gróf Khuen-Héderváry de     (s.a.)               NMP
                             Hédervár (2nd time) 
22 Apr 1912 - 10 Jun 1913  László Lukács                      (b. 1850 - d. 1932)  NMP
10 Jun 1913 - 15 Jun 1917  István gróf Tisza de Borosjenö     (s.a.)               NMP
                             et Szeged (2nd time) 
15 Jun 1917 - 20 Aug 1917  Móric gróf Esterházy de Galantha   (b. 1881 - d. 1960)  Non-party
20 Aug 1917 - 31 Oct 1918  Sándor Wekerle (3rd time)          (s.a.)               F48
31 Oct 1918 -  1 Nov 1918  János gróf Hadik de Futak          (b. 1863 - d. 1933)
 1 Nov 1918 - 11 Jan 1919  Mihály gróf Károlyi de Nagykároly  (s.a.)               F48
18 Jan 1919 - 20 Mar 1919  Dénes Berinkey                     (b. 1871 - d. 1948)  OPRP
Chairman of the Revolutionary Governing Council
21 Mar 1919 -  1 Aug 1919  Sándor Garbai                      (s.a.)               MSzP
Prime ministers³
 5 May 1919 - 12 Jul 1919  Gyula gróf Károlyi de Nagykároly   (b. 1871 - d. 1947)  F48
                             (prime minister of counter-government,
                             in Arad to 30 May 1919, then in Szeged)
12 Jul 1919 - 22 Aug 1919  Dezö Pattanyús-Ábrahám             (b. 1875 - d. 1977)  F48
                             (prime minister of counter-government, in Szeged)
 1 Aug 1919 -  6 Aug 1919  Gyula Peidl                        (s.a.)               SzDP
 6 Aug 1919 - 24 Nov 1919  István Friedrich                   (s.a.)               KNEP
24 Nov 1919 - 14 Mar 1920  Károly Huszár                      (s.a.)               KNEP
14 Mar 1920 - 19 Jul 1920  Sándor Simonyi-Semadam             (b. 1864 - d. 1946)  NEP
19 Jul 1920 - 14 Apr 1921  Pál gróf Teleki de Szék            (b. 1879 - d. 1941)  Non-party;
                             (1st time)                                            1926 NEP
14 Apr 1921 - 19 Aug 1931  István gróf Bethlen de Bethlen     (b. 1874 - d. 1946)  NEP
21 Oct 1921 - 26 Oct 1921  István Rakovszky                   (b. 1858 - d. 1931)  KN
                             (at Sopron in dissidence [with Károly IV])
19 Aug 1931 -  4 Oct 1932  Gyula gróf Károlyi de Nagykároly   (s.a.)               NEP
 4 Oct 1932 -  6 Oct 1936  Gyula vitéz Gömbös de Jákfa        (s.a.)               NEP
 1 Sep 1936 - 14 May 1938  Kálmán Darányi de                  (b. 1886 - d. 1939)  NEP
                             Pusztaszentgyörgy et Tetétlen 
                             (acting [for Gömbös] to 10 Oct 1936)
14 May 1938 - 16 Feb 1939  Béla Imrédy de Ómoravica           (b. 1891 - d. 1946)  NEP
16 Feb 1939 -  3 Apr 1941  Count Pál Teleki de Szék           (s.a.)               MEP
                             (2nd time)           
 3 Apr 1941                Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer           (b. 1881 - d. 1948)
                             (1st time) (acting) 
 3 Apr 1941 -  7 Mar 1942  László Bárdossy de Bárdos          (b. 1890 - d. 1946)  Non-party
 7 Mar 1942 -  9 Mar 1942  Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer           (s.a.)              
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 9 Mar 1942 - 23 Mar 1944  Miklós Kállay de Nagy-Kálló        (b. 1887 - d. 1967)
23 Mar 1944 - 29 Aug 1944  Döme Sztójay                       (b. 1883 - d. 1946)  Mil
29 Aug 1944 - 15 Oct 1944  Géza Lakatos Csíkszentsimoni       (b. 1890 - d. 1967)  Mil
16 Oct 1944 - 28 Mar 1945  Ferenc Szálasi (acting)            (s.a.)               NPHM
22 Dec 1944 - 15 Nov 1945  Béla Miklós de Dálnok (acting)     (s.a.)               Mil
                             (at Debrecen to 13 Feb 1945 [in opposition to Szálasi])
15 Nov 1945 -  1 Feb 1946  Zoltán Tildy                       (s.a.)               FKgP 
 1 Feb 1946 -  4 Feb 1946  Mátyás Rákosi (1st time) (acting)  (s.a.)               FKgP
 4 Feb 1946 - 31 May 1947  Ferenc Nagy                        (s.a.)               FKgP
31 May 1947                Mátyás Rákosi (2nd time) (acting)  (s.a.)               FKgP
31 May 1947 - 10 Dec 1948  Lajos Dinnyés                      (b. 1900 - d. 1961)  FKgP
                             (acting 4 - 24 Nov 1948)
10 Dec 1948 - 14 Aug 1952  István Dobi                        (s.a.)             FKgP;1948 MDP
                             (acting 20 May - 10 Jun 1949)
14 Aug 1952 -  4 Jul 1953  Mátyás Rákosi (3rd time)           (s.a.)               MDP
 4 Jul 1953 - 18 Apr 1955  Imre Nagy (1st time)               (b. 1896 - d. 1958)  MDP
18 Apr 1955 - 24 Oct 1956  András Hegedüs                     (b. 1922 - d. 1999)  MDP
24 Oct 1956 -  4 Nov 1956  Imre Nagy (2nd time)               (s.a.)            MDP;1956 MSzMP
 4 Nov 1956 - 28 Jan 1958  János Kádár (1st time)             (s.a.)               MSzMP
28 Jan 1958 - 13 Sep 1961  Ferenc Münnich                     (b. 1886 - d. 1967)  MSzMP
13 Sep 1961 - 30 Jun 1965  János Kádár (2nd time)             (s.a.)               MSzMP
30 Jun 1965 - 14 Apr 1967  Gyula Kállai                       (b. 1910 - d. 1996)  MSzMP
14 Apr 1967 - 15 May 1975  Jenö Fock                          (b. 1916 - d. 2001)  MSzMP
15 May 1975 - 25 Jun 1987  György Lázár                       (b. 1924)            MSzMP

25 Jun 1987 - 23 Nov 1988  Károly Grósz                       (s.a.)               MSzMP

23 Nov 1988 - 23 May 1990  Miklós Németh                      (b. 1948)        MSzMP;1989 MSzP

23 May 1990 - 12 Dec 1993  József Antall                      (b. 1932 - d. 1993)  MDF

12 Dec 1993 - 15 Jul 1994  Péter Boross                       (b. 1928)            MDF 

                             (acting to 21 Dec 1993)

15 Jul 1994 -  6 Jul 1998  Gyula Horn                         (b. 1932)            MSzP

 6 Jul 1998 - 27 May 2002  Viktor Orbán                       (b. 1963)            Fidesz-MPP

27 May 2002 - 29 Sep 2004  Péter Medgyessy                    (b. 1942)            MSzP

26 Aug 2004 -              Ferenc Gyurcsány                   (b. 1961)            MSzP

                             (acting for Medgyessy to 29 Sep 2004)

 

Romanian Occupation 

 

Commander of Romanian Troops in Hungary

 4 Aug 1919 - 14 Nov 1919  Gheorghe D. Mardarescu             (b. 1866 - d. 1938)

 

German Occupation
 

Commander of the German Army in Hungary 

 1 Apr 1944 -  4 Apr 1945  Hans von Greiffenberg              (b. 1893 - d. 1951)

Allied Occupation

Commander of Soviet Troops in Hungary
19 Oct 1944 - 20 Jan 1945  Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko  (b. 1895 - d. 1970)
Chairman of the Allied Control Council
20 Jan 1945 - 15 Sep 1947  Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov     (b. 1881 - d. 1969)
                             (Soviet Union)

 

Noble titles: gróf = Count; báró = Baron; fejedelem = Prince.

 

 ¹Full style of rulers: There is no extended form of the style (at least after 1528) that does not begin with the imperial style (Holy Roman Empire to 1806, Austria from 1804). If only Hungary itself is to be singled out, we might have: Isten kedvezókegyelméböl magyar apostoli király/királynö ("by the grace of God, Hungarian apostolic king/queen-regnant"}

  The term apostoli (apostolic) became official in 1758. The term királynö (queen-regnant) literally means "female-king", and is rendered rex (not as regina) in the official Latin, the term királynö is therefor different from királyné (queen-consort}.

 ³Formal styles of the prime ministers: Miniszterelnök (minister-president) to 5 Sep 1949, 24 Oct - 4 Nov 1956, and from 23 Oct 1989; a Minisztertanács elnöke (president of the Council of Ministers) 5 Sep 1949 - 24 Oct 1956, 28 Jan 1958 - 30 Jun 1965, and 15 May 1975 - 23 Oct
1989; a Magyar Forradalmi Munkás-Paraszt Kormány elnöke (president of the Hungarian Revolutionary Workers' and Peasants' Government) 4 Nov 1956 - 28 Jan 1958 and 30 Jun 1965 - 15 May 1975.

Territorial Disputes: Bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continue in 2006 with Slovakia over Hungary's failure to complete its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary must implement the strict Schengen border rules. 

Party abbreviations: Fidesz-MPP = Fiatal Demokraták Szövetsége (Alliance of Young Democrats-Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party (conservative liberal);
MDF = Magyar Demokrata Fórum (Hungarian Democratic Forum, conservative/christian-democratic);
MSzP = Magyar Szocialista Párt (Hungarian Socialist Party, socialist, former MSzMP, from 7 Oct 1989); SzDSz = Szabad Demokraták Szövetsége (Alliance of Free Democrats, liberal); 
Mil = Military;
- Former parties: BP = Balközép Párt (National Party, est.1867, merged into SzP 1875);
DP = Deák-párt (Deak Party, liberal reform, est.1867, merged into SzP 1875); EF48 = Egyesült Függetlenségi és '48-as Párt (United Independence and 1848 Party, formerly F48, est.1913,  dissolved 1919); F48 = Függetlenségi és 48-as Párt Károlyi Párt (Independence and 1848 Party - Karoly Party, est.1884, 1913 renamed EF48; 17 Aug 1915 re-established by split from EF48, 1919 dissolved); FK = Független Kisgazdapárt (Independent Smallholders Party, est.Oct 1930, from 28 Mar 1944 dissolved, part of FKgP); FKgP = Független Kisgazda-, Földmunkás és Polgári Párt (Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party, est.Dec 1944, merged into MDP 1948); KN = Katolikus Néppárt (Catholic People's Party); KNEP = Keresztény Nemzeti Egyesülés Pártja (Christian National Union Party, est.1919, dissolved 1922); MDP = Magyar Dolgozók Pártja (Hungarian Workers' Party, est.12 Jun 1948 by merger of FKgP and MKP, from 30 Oct 1956 MSzMP); MEP = Magyar Élet Pártja (Party of Hungarian Life, est.by Teleki 22 Feb 1939); MFP = Magyar Függetlenségi Párt (Hungarian Independence Party, est.1947); MKP = Magyar Kommunista Párt (Hungarian Communist Party, 8 Oct 1944, from 13 Jun 1948 merged into MD); MSzDP = Magyar Szociáldemokrata Párt (Hungarian Social Democratic Party, briefly merged 1919 with MKP, dissolved 1948); MSzMP = Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt (Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, communist 1 Nov 1956-7 Oct 1989, former MDP); MSzP = Magyar Szocialista Párt (Hungarian Socialist Party, est.21 Mar 1919 by merger of MSzDP and KMP, dissolved 1 Aug 1919); NEP = Nemzeti Egyesülés Pártja (National Unity Party, Feb 1919-1944, FKgP and Legitimist Christian National Union coalition; conservative, populist); NMP = Nemzeti Munkapárt (National Labor Party, est.1910, center-left, 1918 dissolved); NP = Nemzeti Párt (National Party, est.1892, 1899-1904 merged into SzP, 1919 dissolved); NPHM = Nyilaskeresztes Párt–Hungarista Mozgalom</