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Austria
 
[Austria Archduchy Civil Flag c.1230-1786]
              c.1230 - 20 Mar 1786  
              Archduchy of Austria 
 
 
[Austria Naval Ensign, c.1686-1786]
     c.1686 - 20 Mar 1786 Naval Ensign
       (officially adopted 29 Nov 1749)
 
 
[Austria Naval and Merchant Ensign, 1786-1918]
         20 Mar 1786 - 1 Aug 1869
           Austria National Ensign;
  1 Aug 1869 - 12 Nov 1918 Naval Ensign
 
 
[Austrian Landesfarben 1804-1918]
 11 Aug 1804 - 12 Nov 1918 Imperial Flag
                  Austrian Empire
[Austria-Hungary National Civil Flag, 1869-1918]
           6 Mar 1869 - 12 Nov 1918
     Austria-Hungary National Civil Flag
 
[Austro-Hungarian Merchant Ensign, 1869 - 1918]
           1 Aug 1869 - 12 Nov 1918
       Austria-Hungary Merchant Ensign
 
[Austrian civil flag]
      In use 12 Nov 1918 - 21 Oct 1919; 
   21 Oct 1919 - 13 Mar 1938 Civil Ensign
 
[Austria State Flag, 1919]
     21 Oct 1919 - 1 May 1934 State Flag
 
 
[Austria State Flag and War Ensign and jack 1934-38]
    1 May 1934 - 13 Mar 1938 State Flag
 
[Austrian flag]
    Adopted 1 May 1945 (confirmed 1984)
 
[Austrian State Flag, since 1945]
       Adopted 1 May 1945 State Flag
 

Map of Austria
Hear National Anthem
"Bundeshyme"
(Federal Hymn)
Adopted 25 Feb 1947
 Former Anthem
"Deutsch-Österreich"
 (German-Austria)
(1920-1929)
-----------------------------------
Former Anthem
"Sei gesegnet ohne Ende"
(Be Blessed Without End)
(1929-13 Mar 1938)
Constitution
  (1920-1934, from 1 May 1945)
Capital: Vienna
Currency: Euro (EUR);
1923- 1 Jan 2002 Austrian
 Schilling (ATS); 1918-1923
 Austrian Kronen (ATK)
National Holiday: 26 Oct (1955)
National Day
 Population: 8,205,533 (2008) 
GDP: $351.4 billion (2011)
Exports: $180.7 billion (2011)
Imports: $183.1 billion (2011)
Ethnic Groups: Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes
 Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%,
German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001)
Total Active Armed Forces: 27,300 (2010)
Merchant marine: 3 ships (2010)
Religions: Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%,
Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%,
none 12% (2001) 
International Organizations/Treaties: ADB (nonregional), AfDB (nonregional), AG, ANT, APM, BIS, BSEC (observer), BTWC, CCM, CE, CEI, CERN, CTBT, CWC, DC, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ENMOD, ESA, ESCR, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partner), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA (signatory), ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, MTCR, NEA, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Austria Index
Chronology
11 Aug 1804                Kaisertum Österreich¹ (before 11 Aug 1804, 
                             see Austrian crownlands).
 6 Aug 1806                Holy Roman Empire abolished.
30 Dec 1849                Divided into Upper Austria, officially Archduchy
                             of Austria above the Enns, and Lower Austria,
                             officially Archduchy of Austria below the Enns.
20 Jun 1866 - 24 Aug 1866  Austria a Member of the German Confederation² 
                             (see under Germany).
23 Aug 1866                Cedes Venetia to France (which cedes it to Italy).
21 Dec 1867                "Austrian" half of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy,
                             officially styled Die im Reichsrat vertretenen
                             Königreiche und Länder ("The Kingdoms and Lands
                             Represented in the Imperial Council").
1916                       First official use of the style Empire of Austria.
16 Oct 1918                Emperor's manifesto declares that the Austrian 
                             Empire will be reorganized as a federal state.
17 Oct 1918                Independence of Hungary.
28 Oct 1918                Independence of the Czechoslovakia.
11 Nov 1918                End of Habsburg dynastic rule.
12 Nov 1918                Republic of German-Austria
10 Sep 1919                Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye Austria recognizes 
                             independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia (Bohemia
                             and Moravia), Poland, and the Yugoslav state;
                             cedes Carniola (Slovenia), Dalmatia, Bosnia and
                             Hercegovina and parts of Styria to the Yugoslav
                             state; Bukovina is ceded to Romania; Eastern 
                             Galicia and Cracow ceded to Poland; Southern 
                             Tyrol, Trient, Görz (Gorizia), Istria, and
                             Triest ceded to Italy; and Austria is forbidden 
                             from union with Germany (also Sopron ceded to 
                             Hungary and southern Carinthia remains Austrian 
                             after plebiscites are held [treaty enters into
                             force 16 Jul 1920]).
21 Oct 1919                Republic of Austria ("First" Republic).
 1 Jul 1934                Federal State of Austria
13 Mar 1938                Annexed to Germany.
14 Mar 1938 -  1 May 1939  German state of Ostmark (as the state of Ostmark,
                             which is dissolved into Reichsgaue 1 May 1939).
13 Apr 1945 - 27 Jul 1955  Allied occupation.
27 Apr 1945                Republic of Austria ("Second" Republic).
States
 (since 1918)
Crown Lands
(to 1918)
Joint Imperial
Government
(1867-1918)
Allied
Occupation
(1945-1955)
 
 
 
 
 
 

Emperors³ 
11 Aug 1804 -  2 Mar 1835  Franz I                            (b. 1768 - d. 1835)
 2 Mar 1835 -  2 Dec 1848  Ferdinand I                        (b. 1793 - d. 1875)
25 Dec 1836 -  2 Dec 1848  Ministers State Conference
                            (de facto regency for the 
                             intermittently insane Ferdinand I)
                           - Ludwig Erzherzog von             (b. 1784 - d. 1864)
                               Österreich (chairman) 
                           - Fanz Karl Erzherzog              (b. 1802 - d. 1878)
                               von Österreich 
                           - Klemens Wenzel Fürst von         (b. 1773 - d. 1859)
                               Metternich (to 13 Mar 1848)
                           - Franz Anton Graf von Kolowrat-   (b. 1778 - d. 1861)
                               Liebsteinsky 
 2 Dec 1848 - 21 Nov 1916  Franz Joseph I                     (b. 1830 - d. 1916)
21 Nov 1916 - 11 Nov 1918  Karl I                             (b. 1887 - d. 1922)
                           (exiled to Switzerland 24 Mar 1919; formally deposed 3 Apr 1919)
Presidents
12 Nov 1918 -  4 Mar 1919  Directory of the Council of State
                           - Franz Dinghofer                  (b. 1873 - d. 1956)  GV
                           - Johann Nepomuk Hauser            (b. 1866 - d. 1927)  CS
                           - Karl Seitz                       (b. 1869 - d. 1950)  SDAP
                           (chair rotating weekly)
 4 Mar 1919 -  5 Mar 1919  Anton David                        (b. 1849 - d. 1924)  SDAP
                            (president by age of the Constituent National Assembly)
 5 Mar 1919 -  9 Dec 1920  Karl Seitz                         (s.a.)               SDAP
                            (president of the Constituent National Assembly
                             to 10 Nov 1920, then acting president)
 9 Dec 1920 - 10 Dec 1928  Michael Hainisch                   (b. 1858 - d. 1940)  Non-party
10 Dec 1928 - 13 Mar 1938  Wilhelm Miklas                     (b. 1872 - d. 1956)  CS
13 Mar 1938  (hours)       Arthur Seyss-Inquart (acting)      (b. 1892 - d. 1946)  NS
29 Apr 1945 - 31 Dec 1950  Karl Renner                        (b. 1870 - d. 1950)  SPÖ
                             (acting to 20 Dec 1945)
31 Dec 1950 - 21 Jun 1951  Leopold Figl (acting)              (b. 1902 - d. 1965)  ÖVP
21 Jun 1951 -  4 Jan 1957  Theodor Körner                     (b. 1873 - d. 1957)  SPÖ
 4 Jan 1957 - 22 May 1957  Julius Raab (acting)               (b. 1891 - d. 1964)  ÖVP
22 May 1957 - 28 Feb 1965  Adolf Schärf                       (b. 1890 - d. 1965)  SPÖ
28 Feb 1965 -  9 Jun 1965  Josef Klaus (acting)               (b. 1910 - d. 2001)  ÖVP
 9 Jun 1965 - 24 Apr 1974  Franz Jonas                        (b. 1899 - d. 1974)  SPÖ
24 Apr 1974 -  6 Jul 1974  Bruno Kreisky (acting)             (b. 1911 - d. 1990)  SPÖ
 6 Jul 1974 -  8 Jul 1986  Rudolf Kirchschläger               (b. 1915 - d. 2000)  Non-party
 8 Jul 1986 -  8 Jul 1992  Kurt Waldheim                      (b. 1918 - d. 2007)  Non-party
 8 Jul 1992 -  6 Jul 2004  Thomas Klestil                     (b. 1932 - d. 2004)  ÖVP
 6 Jul 2004 -  8 Jul 2004  Andreas Khol (acting)              (b. 1941)            ÖVP
 8 Jul 2004 -              Heinz Fischer                      (b. 1938)            SPÖ
 
Chancellor
25 May 1821 - 13 Mar 1848  Klemens Wenzel Fürst von Metternich(s.a.)
Prime ministers (1861-1868, Chairmen of the Council of Ministers)
13 Mar 1848 - 20 Mar 1848  Alfred Candidus Ferdinand Fürst    (b. 1787 - d. 1862)  Mil
                             zu Windischgrätz 
                            (authorized head of the government)
20 Mar 1848 - 19 Apr 1848  Franz Anton Graf von Kolowrat-     (s.a.)
                             Liebsteinsky 
19 Apr 1848 - 19 May 1848  Karl Ludwig Graf von Ficquelmont   (b. 1777 - d. 1857)
                             (acting)
19 May 1848 -  8 Jul 1848  Franz Freiherr von Pillersdorf     (b. 1786 - d. 1862)
                             (acting)
 8 Jul 1848 - 18 Jul 1848  Anton Freiherr von Doblhoff-Dier   (b. 1800 - d. 1872)
                             (acting)
18 Jul 1848 - 21 Nov 1848  Johann Philipp Freiherr von        (b. 1773 - d. 1858)
                             Wessenberg-Ampringen
21 Nov 1848 -  5 Apr 1852  Felix Fürst zu Schwarzenberg       (b. 1800 - d. 1852)
11 Apr 1852 - 21 Aug 1859  Karl Ferdinand Graf von            (b. 1797 - d. 1865)
                             Buol-Schauenstein
21 Aug 1859 -  4 Feb 1861  Johann Bernhard Graf von Rechberg  (b. 1806 - d. 1899)
                             und Rothenlöwe 
 4 Feb 1861 - 26 Jun 1865  Rainer, Erzherzog von Österreich   (b. 1827 - d. 1913) 
                             (minister of state) 
 4 Feb 1861 - 20 Jun 1865  Anton von Schmerling               (b. 1805 - d. 1893)  DLP
26 Jun 1865 - 27 Jul 1865  Alexander Graf von Mensdorff-      (b. 1813 - d. 1871)
                             Pouilly
27 Jul 1865 -  7 Feb 1867  Richard Graf von Belcredi          (b. 1823 - d. 1902)
 7 Feb 1867 - 30 Dec 1867  Friedrich Ferdinand Freiherr       (b. 1809 - d. 1886)  DLP
                             von Beust 
30 Dec 1867 - 24 Sep 1868  Karl Fürst von Auersperg, Herzog   (b. 1814 - d. 1890)  DLP
                             von Gottschee 
24 Sep 1868 - 15 Jan 1870  Eduard Graf von Taaffe (1st time)  (b. 1833 - d. 1895)  DLP
15 Jan 1870 -  1 Feb 1870  Ignaz Edler von Plener             (b. 1810 - d. 1908)
 1 Feb 1870 - 12 Apr 1870  Leopold Ritter Hasner von Artha    (b. 1818 - d. 1891)  DLP
12 Apr 1870 -  6 Feb 1871  Alfred Graf von Potocki-Pilawa     (b. 1822 - d. 1889)  DLP
 6 Feb 1871 - 30 Oct 1871  Karl Siegmund Graf von Hohenwart   (b. 1824 - d. 1899)  DLP
                             (acting)
30 Oct 1871 - 25 Nov 1871  Kudwig Freiherr von Holzgethan     (b. 1810 - d. 1876) 
                             (acting)
25 Nov 1871 - 15 Feb 1879  Adolf Wilhelm Daniel Fürst von     (b. 1821 - d. 1885)  DLP
                             Auersperg
15 Feb 1879 - 12 Aug 1879  Karl von Stremayr (acting)         (b. 1823 - d. 1904)  DLP
12 Aug 1879 - 11 Nov 1893  Eduard Graf von Taaffe (2nd time)  (s.a.)
11 Nov 1893 - 19 Jun 1895  Alfred August Fürst zu             (b. 1851 - d. 1927)
                             Windischgrätz
19 Jun 1895 - 30 Sep 1895  Erich Graf von Kielmansegg         (b. 1847 - d. 1923) 
30 Sep 1895 - 30 Nov 1897  Kasimir Felix Graf von Badeni      (b. 1846 - d. 1909)
30 Nov 1897 -  5 Mar 1898  Paul Freiherr Gautsch von          (b. 1851 - d. 1918)
                             Frankenthurn (1st time)
 5 Mar 1898 -  2 Oct 1899  Franz Graf von Thun und Hohenstein (b. 1847 - d. 1916)
 2 Oct 1899 - 21 Dec 1899  Manfred Graf von Clary und         (b. 1852 - d. 1928)
                             Aldringen
21 Dec 1899 - 18 Jan 1900  Heinrich Ritter von Wittek         (b. 1844 - d. 1930)
                             (acting)
19 Jan 1900 - 31 Dec 1904  Ernest von Koerber (1st time)      (b. 1850 - d. 1919)
31 Dec 1904 -  2 May 1906  Paul Freiherr Gautsch von          (s.a.)
                             Frankenthurn (2nd time)
 2 May 1906 -  2 Jun 1906  Konrad Prinz von Hohenlohe-        (b. 1863 - d. 1918)
                             Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst 
 2 Jun 1906 - 15 Nov 1908  Max Wladimir Freiherr von Beck     (b. 1854 - d. 1943)
15 Nov 1908 - 28 Jun 1911  Richard Freiherr von Bienerth-     (b. 1863 - d. 1918)
                             Schmerling 
28 Jun 1911 -  3 Nov 1911  Paul Freiherr Gautsch von          (s.a.)
                             Frankenthurn (3rd time) 
 3 Nov 1911 - 21 Oct 1916  Karl Reichsgraf von Stürgkh        (b. 1859 - d. 1916)  Non-party
29 Oct 1916 - 20 Dec 1916  Ernest von Koerber (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
20 Dec 1916 - 23 Jun 1917  Heinrich Graf von Clam-Martinic    (b. 1863 - d. 1932)  Non-party
23 Jun 1917 - 27 Jul 1918  Ernst Ritter Seidler von           (b. 1862 - d. 1931)  Non-party
                             Feuchtenegg
27 Jul 1918 - 27 Oct 1918  Max Freiherr Hussarek von Heinlein (b. 1865 - d. 1935)  Non-party
27 Oct 1918 - 11 Nov 1918  Heinrich Lammasch                  (b. 1853 - d. 1920)  Non-party
Chancellors
12 Nov 1918 -  7 Jul 1920  Karl Renner (1st time)             (s.a.)               SDAP
 7 Jul 1920 - 21 Jun 1921  Michael Mayr                       (b. 1864 - d. 1922)  CS
21 Jun 1921 - 26 Jan 1922  Johann Schober (1st time)          (b. 1874 - d. 1932)  Non-party
26 Jan 1922 - 27 Jan 1922  Walter Breisky                     (b. 1871 - d. 1944)  Non-party
27 Jan 1922 - 31 May 1922  Johann Schober (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Non-party
31 May 1922 - 20 Nov 1924  Ignaz Seipel (1st time)            (b. 1876 - d. 1932)  CS
20 Nov 1924 - 20 Oct 1926  Rudolf Ramek                       (b. 1881 - d. 1941)  CS
20 Oct 1926 -  4 May 1929  Ignaz Seipel (2nd time)            (s.a.)               CS
 4 May 1929 - 26 Sep 1929  Ernst Streeruwitz                  (b. 1874 - d. 1952)  CS 
26 Sep 1929 - 30 Sep 1930  Johann Schober (3rd time)          (s.a.)               Non-party
30 Sep 1930 -  4 Dec 1930  Karl Vaugoin                       (b. 1873 - d. 1949)  CS
 4 Dec 1930 - 20 Jun 1931  Otto Ender                         (b. 1875 - d. 1960)  CS 
20 Jun 1931 - 20 May 1932  Karl Buresch                       (b. 1878 - d. 1936)  CS
20 May 1932 - 25 Jul 1934  Engelbert Dollfuss                 (b. 1892 - d. 1934)  CS;1934 VF
25 Jul 1934 - 26 Jul 1934  Kurt Schuschnigg (1st time)        (b. 1897 - d. 1977)  VF
                             (acting)
26 Jul 1934 - 29 Jul 1934  Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1956)  VF
29 Jul 1934 - 11 Mar 1938  Kurt Schuschnigg (2nd time)        (s.a.)               VF
12 Mar 1938 - 13 Mar 1938  Arthur Seyss-Inquart               (s.a.)               NS
Reichsstatthalter
13 Mar 1938 - 30 Apr 1939  Arthur Seyss-Inquart               (s.a.)               NS
                            (also Führer der Österreichischen Landesregierung)
Reichskommissar for Reunification of Austria with the German Reich
(Reichskommissar für die Wiedervereiningung Österreichs mit dem Deutschen Reich)
23 Apr 1938 - 31 Mar 1940  Josef Bürckel                      (b. 1895 - d. 1944)  NS
Chancellors
29 Apr 1945 - 20 Dec 1945  Karl Renner (2nd time)             (s.a.)               SPÖ
20 Dec 1945 -  2 Apr 1953  Leopold Figl                       (s.a.)               ÖVP
 2 Apr 1953 - 11 Apr 1961  Julius Raab                        (s.a.)               ÖVP
11 Apr 1961 -  2 Apr 1964  Alfons Gorbach                     (b. 1898 - d. 1972)  ÖVP
 2 Apr 1964 - 21 Apr 1970  Josef Klaus                        (s.a.)               ÖVP
21 Apr 1970 - 24 May 1983  Bruno Kreisky                      (s.a.)               SPÖ
24 May 1983 - 16 Jun 1986  Alfred Sinowatz                    (b. 1929 - d. 2008)  SPÖ
16 Jun 1986 - 28 Jan 1997  Franz Vranitzky                    (b. 1937)            SPÖ
28 Jan 1997 -  4 Feb 2000  Viktor Klima                       (b. 1947)            SPÖ
 4 Feb 2000 - 11 Jan 2007  Wolfgang Schüssel                  (b. 1945)            ÖVP 
11 Jan 2007 -  2 Dec 2008  Alfred Gusenbauer                  (b. 1960)            SPÖ
 2 Dec 2008 -              Werner Faymann                     (b. 1960)            SPÖ


Common Government of Austria-Hungary

[Austria-Hungary Compromise Flag, 1869-1918]
        1 Aug 1869 - 12 Nov 1918
Map Austria-Hungary
Hear National Anthem
"Die Kaiserhymne"
(Emperor's Hymn)
Text of National Anthem
(12 Feb 1797-11 Nov 1918)
Constitution
(21 Dec 1867-1918)
Capitals: Vienna
and Budapest 		Currency: Austro-Hungarian
Kronen (ATK) 1892-1918;
Austrian Gulden (ATP)
1753 - 1892
National Holiday 1848 - 1916:
18 Aug (1830)
Birthday of Emperor
Franz Josef I
 Population: 50,238,000 (1910)
36,950,401 (1840)
GDP: N/A
Exports: $551,400,000 (1915)
Imports: $403,180,000 (1915)
 Ethnic Groups: German 24%, Hungarian 19%,
Czech 13%, Polish 9%, Ukrainian 8%, Romanian 6%,
Croat 5%, Slovak 4%, Serb 4%, Slovene 3%,
Italian 3%, Jewish 3% (1910)
Total Armed Forces: 250,000-500,000 (1914)
Merchant marine: 433 (1914)
Religions: Roman Catholic 66%, Greek-Catholic 11%,
Protestant  9%, Eastern Orthodox  9 %, Jewish 5%,
Muslim  1% (1910)
International Organizations/Treaties: ICRM, IOC, IMO, IPU, ITU, PCA, UIBPIP, UPU

Emperors³ 
30 Dec 1867 - 11 Nov 1918  the Emperors of Austria

Ministers for the Imperial and Royal House and for Foreign Affairs
30 Dec 1867 -  8 Nov 1871  Friedrich Ferdinand Graf von Beust (s.a.)
14 Nov 1871 -  2 Oct 1879  Gyula Graf Andrássy von Csík Szent (b. 1823 - d. 1890)
                             Király und Krazna-Horka "der älter" 
 8 Oct 1879 - 10 Oct 1881  Heinrich Karl Freiherr von         (b. 1828 - d. 1881)
                             Haymerle
20 Nov 1881 -  2 May 1895  Gustav Zsigismond Graf Kálnoky von (b. 1823 - d. 1898)
                             Kröspatak 
16 May 1895 - 24 Oct 1906  Agenor Graf Goluchowski von        (b. 1859 - d. 1921)
                             Goluchowo 
24 Oct 1906 - 17 Feb 1912  Alois Freiherr (from 1909, Graf)   (b. 1854 - d. 1912)
                             Lexa von Aehrenthal 
17 Feb 1912 - 13 Jan 1915  Leopold Graf Berchtold von und zu  (b. 1863 - d. 1942)
                             Ungarschitz, Fratting und Pullitz 
13 Jan 1915 - 22 Dec 1916  István Freiherr Burián von Rajecz  (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
                             (1st time)
22 Dec 1916 - 16 Apr 1918  Ottokar Graf Czernin von und zu    (b. 1872 - d. 1932)
                             Chudenitz 
16 Apr 1918 - 24 Oct 1918  István Freiherr Burián von Rajecz  (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
24 Oct 1918 -  2 Nov 1918  Gyula Graf Andrássy von Csík Szent (b. 1860 - d. 1929)
                             Király und Krazna-Horka "der jünger" 
 2 Nov 1918 - 11 Nov 1918  Ludwig Freiherr von Flotow (acting)(b. 1867 - d. 1948)

 
Noble titles: Ritter = Knight; Edler/Edle = Noble; Freiherr/Freifrau = Baron/Baroness; Graf/Gräfin = Count/Countess; Reichsgraf/Reichsgräfin = Imperial Count/Countess; Fürst/Fürstin, Prinz/Prinzessin = Prince/Princess; Erzherzog/Erzherzogin = Archduke/Archduchess; Herzog/Herzogin = Duke/Duchess; Grossherzog/Grossherzogin = Grand Duke/Grand Duchess; König/Königin = King/Queen; Kaiser/Kaiserin = Emperor/Empress 
 
Party abbreviations: FPÖ = Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (Austrian Freedom Party, conservative, nationalist, est.1956); ÖVP = Österreichische Volkspartei (Austrian People's Party, center-right, est.1945); SPÖ = Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (Social-Democratic Party of Austria, social-democratic, 1945-15 Jun 1991 as Socialist Party of Austria [Sozialistische Partei Österreichs], former SDAP);
- Former parties: CS = Christlichsoziale Partei (Christian Social Party, right-wing conservative, 1891-1934); DLP = Deutschliberale Partei (German-Liberal Party, 1848-1873); GV = Grossdeutsch Volkspartei (Greater German People's Party, Gemany nationalist, national-liberal, 1920-34); NS = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party, Nazi fascist, Germany nationalist, banned 19 Jun 1933 - 13 Mar 1938, only legal party 15 Mar 1938 - May 1945); SDAP = Sozialdemokratische Abeiter Partei (Social Democratic Labor Party, 1888-1934); VF = Vaterländische Front (Fatherland's [Patriotic] Front, Austrian nationalist, clerical fascist, corporatist, only legal party 1934 - Mar 1938)

Allied Military Government of Austria
Map of Allied Occupation
Zones in Austria
Allied Occupation
Commanders of Vienna

 8 Apr 1945                Soviet forces being occupation Austria.
13 Apr 1945                Vienna surrenders (under four power occupation 1945-55).
Jul 1945                   Joint allied occupation begins.
11 Sep 1945                Allied control council formed.
27 Jul 1955                Allied occupation ends, Austrian
                             sovereignty restored.

American Zone

[US flag]

High commissioners
 5 Jul 1945 - 16 May 1947  Mark W. Clark                      (b. 1896 - d. 1984)
17 May 1947 - 19 Sep 1950  Geoffrey Keyes                     (b. 1888 - d. 1967)
20 Sep 1950 - 17 Jul 1952  Walter J. Donnelly                 (b. 1896 - d. 1970)
17 Jul 1952 - 27 Jul 1955  Llewellyn E. Thompson, Jr.         (b. 1904 - d. 1972)

British Zone

United Kingdom flag

High commissioners
Jul 1945 - Mar 1946        Sir Richard Loudon McCreery        (b. 1898 - d. 1967)
Mar 1946 - Oct 1947        Sir James Stuart Steele            (b. 1894 - d. 1975)
Oct 1947 -  1 Jan 1950     Sir Alexander Galloway             (b. 1899 - d. 1977)
 1 Jan 1950 -  1 Aug 1950  Sir John Winterton                 (b. 1898 - d. 1987)
 1 Aug 1950 -  5 Feb 1954  Sir Harold Caccia                  (b. 1905 - d. 1990)
 5 Feb 1954 - 27 Jul 1955  Sir Geoffrey Wallinger             (b. 1903 - d. 1979)

French Zone

High commissioners
 8 Jul 1945 - 29 Jun 1950  Antoine Béthouart                  (b. 1889 - d. 1982)
29 Jun 1950 - 27 Jul 1955  Jean Payart                        (b. 1892 - d. 1969)

Soviet Zone

[Flag of USSR]

Military governor 
 8 Apr 1945 - Jul 1945     Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbukin          (b. 1894 - d. 1949)
High commissioners
Jul 1945 - 25 Apr 1946     Ivan Stepanovich Konev             (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
10 May 1946 -  2 Apr 1949  Vladimir Vasilyevich Kurasov       (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
 4 May 1949 -  7 Jun 1953  Vladimir Petrovich Sviridov        (b. 1898 - d. 1963)
 7 Jun 1953 - 27 Jul 1955  Ivan Ivanovich Ilichev             (b. 1905 - d. 1983)
 

 ¹The word Kaisertum was deliberately chosen not to imply Kaiserreich Österreich (Empire of Austria). The term had no constitutional status before 25 Apr 1848, and had dynastic rather than territorial import: it was intended to encompass all the hereditary possessions of the Haus Österreich, and was so defined in the Constitution of 7 Mar 1849; in the Constitution 
of 25 Apr 1848 it was similarly used, but excluded the "Hungarian" and "Lombardo-Venetian" possessions.
 
 ²According to the Charter of the German Confederation, "Austria has the chair in the 
Federal Assembly." Although the Charter does not use the term, this chairmanship is officially styled Präsidium or Bundespräsidium; it is ambiguous whether this style refers to the person or office of the Emperor of Austria.
   
 ³Full official style of the ruler, including effective and titular titles,
in a typical form of 1918 (variants occur): Von Gottes Gnaden Kaiser von Österreich, Apostolischer König von Ungarn, König von Böhmen, Dalmatien, Kroatien, Slavonien und Galizien, Lodomerien und Illyrien, König von Jerusalem, etc.; Erzherzog von Österreich, Grossherzog von Toskana und Krakau, Herzog von Lothringen und von Salzburg, von Steiermark, von Kärnten, Krain und der Bukovina; Grossfürst von Siebenbürgen; Markgraf von Mähren; Herzog von Ober- und Niederschlesien, von Modena, Parma, Piacenza und Guastalla, von Auschwitz und Zator, von Teschen, Friaul, Ragusa und Zara; Gefürsteter Graf von Habsburg und Tyrol, von Kyburg, Görz und Gradisca; Fürst von Trient und von Brixen; Markgraf von Ober- und Niederlausitz und in Istrien; Graf von Hohenembs, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg etc.; Herr von Triest, von Cattaro und auf der Windischen Mark; Grosswojwod der Wojwodschaft Serbien, etc.; Kaiserliche und Apostolische Majestät ("By the grace of God, Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, and Galitzia, Lodomeria and Illyria, King of Jerusalem, etc.; Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow, Duke of Lorraine and of Salzburg, of Styria, of Carinthia, Carniola and the Bukovina; Grand Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, of Auschwitz [Oswiecim] and Zator, of Teschen [Czeszyn], Friuli, Ragusa [Dubrovnik] and Zara [Zadar]; Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trent [Trento] and Brixen [Bressanone]; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria; Count of Hohenembs, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc.; Lord of Trieste, of Cattaro [Kotor], and in the Wendish Mark; Grand Voivode of the Voivodina of Serbia, etc.; Imperial and Apostolic Majesty"). 




© Ben Cahoon