Slovenia
 

1848 - 31 Oct 1918 Duchy of Carniola                          Adopted 27 Jun 1991   Map of Slovenia Hear National Anthem "Zdravljica" (A Toast)  Text of National Anthem Adopted 1990 Constitution  (23 Dec 1991) Capital: Ljubljana (Laibach 1335-1918; Krain [Kranj] ...-1335) Currency: Euro (EUR); Tolar (SIT) 1992 - 31 Dec 2006 National Holiday: 25 Jun (1991) Independence Day (Statehood Day) Population: 2,009,245 (2007) GDP: $47.01 billion (2006) Exports: $21.8 billion (2006) Imports: $23.5 billion (2006) Ethnic groups: Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002)  Total Armed Forces: 6,550 (2003) Merchant marine: 26 ships (2006) Religions: Roman Catholic 57.8%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 2.4%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002)  International Organizations/Treaties: AG, APM, BIS, BTWC, CE, CEI, CTBT, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ENMOD, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, KP, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Slovenia Index Chronology 861 - 874                  Slovene principality under Kocelj. 952                        Part of Bavaria  6 Apr 976 - 1002          Part of Carinthia. 1002                       Margravite of Carniola (Markgrafschaft Krain). 1077 - 1090                Ruled by the Patriarchate of Aquileia (Friuli). 1093 - 1232                Ruled by Aquileia (Friuli). 1237 - 1251                Imperial administration. 1251                       Duchy of Carniola (Herzogtum Krain). 1259 - 1269                Ruled by Aquileia (Friuli). 1270                       Austrian rule. 23 May 1809                French occupation. 14 Oct 1809                Annexed by France. 25 Dec 1809                Divided into provinces of Laybach (or Laibach)                              Neustadt (Novo Mesto) and Adelsberg (Postoina)                              as part of the Illyrian Provinces. 15 Apr 1811                Provinces abolished; creation of Intendance                              Carniole. Aug 1813                   Austrian occupation. 30 May 1814                Formally restored to Austria. 21 Dec 1867                Part of "Austrian half" of the Austro-Hungarian                              Monarchy (i.e. of the "Kingdoms and Lands                               Represented in the Imperial Diet"). 31 Oct 1918                End of Austrian rule; autonomous Slovene state                              government (to Jul 1921).  1 Dec 1918                Part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and                               Slovenes (later Yugoslavia).  3 Oct 1929                Part of Dravska Banovina (within Yugoslavia).  6 Apr 1941 - 17 Apr 1941  Italian-German occupation. 17 Apr 1941 -  8 May 1945  Partitioned between Italy, Hungary, and Germany.                              (Italian portion becomes province of Lubiana                               3 May 1941 - 10 Sep 1943; German area is de                               facto annexed to Carinthia and Steiermark;                               on 10 Sep 1943 the former Italian areas                              under German rule as part of the Adriatic                              Coastland [Adriatisches Küstenland]).  3 May 1945 -  5 May 1945  United Slovenia (Zedinjena Slovenija) declares                              independence (not recognized by Germans). May 1945                   Re-incorporated into Yugoslavia.  2 Dec 1945                Part of Federative People's Republic of                               Yugoslavia (People's Republic of Slovenia).  7 Jul 1963                Socialist Republic of Slovenia  8 Mar 1990                Republic of Slovenia 25 Jun 1991                Independence declared.  8 Jul 1991 -  8 Oct 1991  Independence suspended. Socialist Republic of Slovenia (1943-1990) Historic Maps of Slovenia  Map of Krain (Carniola)

Dukes (styled Herzog von Krain)
1270 -  1 Dec 1918         the rulers of Austria
Landeshauptleute
1245 - 1261                Alexander II von Grimschitz
1261 - 1270                Rudelinus von Birnbaum
1270 - 1271                Ulrich von Towers
1271 - 1273                Ulrich von Durrenholz
1273 - 1277                Ulrich Schenk von Habsbach
1277 - 1278                Meinhard IV Graf von Görz und
                             Tirol
1278 - 1300                Ulrich Graf von Hainburg
1300 - 1309                Graf von Ortenburg
1309 - 1331                Stefan von Mudrusch
1331 - 1335                Meinhard Graf von Ortenburg
1335 - 1350                Friedrich Freiherr von Sevneck
                             (Seuneg)
1350 - 1351                Hardeck von Pettau
1351 - 1353                von Gurk
1353 - 1355                Hartneid von Wiesseneck
1355 - 1358                Rudolf von Liechtenstein
1358 - 1360                Otto IV Graf von Ortenburg        (d. 1370)
1360 - 1365                Leuthold von Stadeck (Stadegk)
1362                       Konrad von Auffenstein
1362 - 1367                Ulrich Graf von Cilli
1367 - 1385                Conrad von Kreigh
1385 - 1389                Hugo von Tybein (Duino)
1389 - 1390                Wilhelm Graf von Cilly (Cilli)
1390 - 1400                Herman Graf von Cilly (Cilli)
1400 - 1405                Hans Neudecker
1405 - 1407                Seifried von Gallenberg
1407 - 1412                Jakob von Subenberg
1412 - 1414                Wilhelm von Rabenstein
1412 - 1422                Ulrich Schenk von Osterwitz
                             (1st time)
1422 - 1425                Henrich IV Graf von Görz
1425 - 1428                Georg von Auersperg               (d. 1428)
1428 - 1429                Ulrich Schenk von Osterwitz
                             (2nd time)
1429 - 1437                Jobst Schenk von Osterwitz
1437 - 1443                Stephan Graf von Frangepan
                             (1st time)
1443 - 1444                Ulrich von Schaumburg
1444 - 1451                Troianus (Trojan) Graf von
                             Frangepan
1451 - 1463                Ulrich Graf von Schaumburg
1463 - 1467                Sigmund von Sebriach (1st time)
1467 - 1469                Andreas von Hohenwart             (d. 1469)
1470 - 1482                Sigmund von Sebriach (2nd time)
1482 - 1503                Wilhelm von Auersperg
1503 - 1527                Johannes von Auersperg            (d. 1529)
1527 - 1529                Veit von Thurn
1529 - 1530                Christoph Freiherr von Rauber,
                             Bischof zu Laibach
1530 - 1538                Hans Katzianer                    (d. 1538)
1538 - 1544                Nicholaus Jurischitch             (d. 1544)
1544 - 1554                Joseph von Lamberg Freiherr von
                             Ornek und Ottenstein
1554 - 1557                Johannes Welzer von Spiegelberg
1558 - 1566                Jakob von Lamberg                 (d. 1566)
1566 - 22 Sep 1575         Heribart VII Freiherr von         (b. 1528 - d. 1575)
                             Auersperg
1576 - 1584                Weichard Freiherr von Auersperg
1585 - 1592                Johann Ambros Graf von Thurn
1592 - 1593                Johannes Cobenzl von Prossek
1593 - 1602                Georg Freiherr von Lenkowitsch
1602 - 1634                Johann Udalrich Fürst zu          (b. 1568 - d. 1634)
                             Eggenberg
1635 - 1649                Johann Anton Fürst zu Eggenberg
1649 - 1673                Wolfgang Engelbrecht Graf von
                             Auersperg
1673 - 1692                Johann Seifried zu Eggenberg
1692 - 1715                Johann Anton Joseph Fürst         (b. 1669 - d. 1716)
                             von Eggenberg
1715 - 1722                Johann Caspar Graf von Kobenzl
1723 - 1734                Wolf Weikhard Graf von Gallenberg
1734 - 1742                Corbinian Graf von Saurau
1743 - 1759                Anton Joseph Graf von Auersperg
1760 - 1773                Heinrich Graf von Auersperg
1773 - 1774                Vincenz Ferriers Andreas Graf
                             Orsini von Rosenberg
1775 - 1780                Joseph Maria Graf von Auersperg
13 Dec 1780 - 18 Mar 1782  Franz Adam Graf Lamberg zu Stein  (b. 1730 - d. 1803)
                             und Gutenberg                
18 Mar 1782 -  4 Oct 1782  Pompeo Graf von Brigido und
                             Bresowitz
11 Jan 1783 - 30 Oct 1791  Hans Franz Xaver Graf von
                             Khevenhuller
30 Dec 1791 - 19 Sep 1795  Johann Jacob Graf von Gaisruck
19 Sep 1795 -  1 Oct 1796  Joseph Freiherr von der Mark
 1 Oct 1796 -  6 Mar 1799  Georg Jacob Graf von Hohenwart
                             (1st time)
 6 Mar 1799 -  1 Jul 1801  Franz Joseph Graf von Wurmbrand-
                             Stuppach
 5 Sep 1801 -  1 Oct 1802  Johann Baptist Graf von Brandis
 1 Oct 1802 - 14 Nov 1803  Georg Jacob Graf von Hohenwart
                             (2nd time)
 7 Jul 1803 - 28 Mar 1808  Johann Nepomuk Graf von
                             Trautmannsdorf
18 Jul 1808 -  6 Jan 1809  Bernhard Freiherr von Rosetti
 6 Jan 1809 - 28 Jul 1809  Johann Nepomuk Graf von Brandis
28 Jul 1809 -  2 Feb 1810  Franz Xaver Freiherr von
                             Lichtenberg-Janeschitz
French Commanders
23 May 1809 -  3 Jun 1809  Jacques-Étienne-Joseph-Alexandre  (b. 1765 - d. 1840)
                             MacDonald
 3 Jun 1809 - 1809         Auguste-Frédéric-Louis Viesse de 
                             Marmont, duc de Raguse          (b. 1774 - d. 1852)
Intendants of Lower Carniole
1809 - 1810                Achille Charles Stanislas Emile   (b. 1781 - d. 1869)
                             Le Tonnelier de Breteuil      
1810                       Auguste Petit de Beauverger       (b. 1782 - d. 1858)
1810 - Aug 1813            ....
Intendants of Upper Carniole
14 Jul 1809 - 1810         François-Marie Fargues            (b. 1785 - d. 1861)
1810 - 1811                Johann KrstnikAnton Marie Tomas
                             Baselli von Süssenberg          (b. 1763 - d. 1843)
27 Jun 1811 - 1812         Louis Toussaint de La Moussaye    (b. 1779 - d. 1854)
 9 Apr 1812 - 1813         Alexandre Jean Denis Rouen des    (b. 1779 - d. 1871)
                             Mallets
Landeshauptleute
27 Aug 1813 - 18 Mar 1815  Christof Freiherr von Lattermann
15 Mar 1815 -  3 Aug 1816  Franz Xaver Ritter von Fradenegg
                             (1st time)
 1 Sep 1816 - 17 Jan 1818  Julius Graf von Strassoldo
20 Jan 1818 -  5 May 1818  Franz Xaver Ritter von Fradenegg
                             (2nd time)
 9 May 1818 - 26 Apr 1819  Carl Bor. Graf von Inzaghi
26 Apr 1819 - 27 Jul 1822  Joseph Graf von Swerts-Spork
27 Jun 1822 - 24 Dec 1840  Joseph Camillo Freiherr von
                             Schmidburg
24 Dec 1840 - 21 Apr 1841  Carl Graf von Welsperg-Raittenau
21 Jun 1841 - 17 May 1847  Joseph Freiherr von Weingarten
17 May 1847 -  6 Feb 1848  Andreas Graf von Hohenwart
 6 Feb 1848 -  8 Dec 1848  Leopold Graf von Welserheimb
 8 Dec 1848 - 29 Nov 1860  Gustav Ignatz Graf Chorinsky      (b. 1806 - d. 1873)
20 Mar 1874 -  7 Jul 1874  Lothar Metternich-Winneburg       (b. 1837 - d. 1901)
 7 Jul 1874 - 30 May 1877  Bohuslav Ritter Widmann           (b. 1836 - d. 1911)
                             (acting to 31 May 1875)
 9 Dec 1877 - 25 Apr 1878  Anton Ritter Schoppl von
                             Sonnwalden
 3 Mar 1878 - 18 Mar 1880  Franz Ritter Kalina von Urbanow
1880 - 1881                Kaltenegger Friedrich Ritter von
                             Riedhorst
16 Apr 1881 - 23 Jul 1888  Gustav Graf Thurn
25 Jul 1888 - 17 Mar 1891  Joze Poklukar
18 Mar 1891 -  7 Oct 1892  Andreas Freiherr von Winkler
 7 Oct 1892 -  7 Jul 1905  Viktor Freiherr von Hein
29 Sep 1905 - 18 Apr 1916  Theodor Freiherr Schwarz von
                             Karsten
18 Apr 1916 - 31 Oct 1918  Heinrich Graf Attems von
                             Heiligenkreuz
Chairman of the National Council for Slovenia and Istria
16 Aug 1918 - 31 Oct 1918  Josip Pogacnik                    (b. 1866 - d. 1932)
Presidents of the State Government
31 Oct 1918 - 20 Jan 1919  Josip Pogacnik                    (s.a.)
20 Jan 1919 - 1919         Janko Brejc (1st time)            (b. 1869 - d. 1934)
1919 - Feb 1920            Gregor Zerjav                     (b. 1882 - d. 1929)
Feb 1920 - Dec 1920        Janko Brejc (2nd time)            (s.a.)
Dec 1920 - Jul 1921        Vilko Baltic
Provincial Commissioners for Croatia and Slavonia
 3 Jul 1921 - 23 Dec 1922  Juraj Demetrovic                  (b. 1885 - d. 1945)
23 Dec 1922 -  1 Mar 1924  Ernest Cimic                      (b. 1876 - d. 19..)
Bans of Drava 
 9 Oct 1929 - 1930         Dusan Sernec                      (b. 1882 - d. 1952)
1930 - 1934                Drago Marusic                     (b. 1884 - d. 1975)
1934 - 1935                Dinko Puc                         (b. 1879 - d. 1945)
Sep 1935 - 17 Apr 1941     Marko Natlacen                    (b. 1886 - d. 1942)
Commander of German Forces
 6 Apr 1941 - Apr 1941     Maximilian Maria Joseph Freiherr  (b. 1881 - d. 1954)
                             von und zu Weichs
Chief of the Civil government of Untersteiermark (Lower Styria)
Apr 1941 -  8 May 1945     Sigfried Uiberreither (Germany)   (b. 1908 - d. 1984)  NSDAP
Chiefs of the Civil government of Kärnten und Krain (Carinthia and Carniola)
Apr 1941 - 27 Nov 1941     Wladimir von Pawlowski (Germany)  (b. 1891 - d. 1961)  NSDAP
27 Nov 1941 -  7 May 1945  Friedrich Rainer (Germany)        (b. 1903 - d. 1947)  NSDAP
Commander of Italian Forces
Apr 1941 -  3 May 1941     Vittorio Ambrosio                 (b. 1879 - d. 1958)
High Commissioners (to 3 May 1941 Civil Commissioner) of Lubiana 
18 Apr 1941 - Jun 1943     Emilio Grazioli (1st time)        (b. 1899 - d. 1969)  PNF
15 Jun 1943 - 30 Sep 1943  Giuseppe Lombrassa                (b. 1906 - d. 1966)  PNF
 1 Oct 1943 - 24 Oct 1943  Emilio Grazioli (2nd time)        (s.a.)               PFR
1943 - 1944                Riccardo Moizo (nominal)          (b. 1877 - d. 1963)  PFR
President of the National Council of United Slovenia
 3 May 1945 -  5 May 1945  Leon "Lav" Rupnik                 (b. 1880 - d. 1946)  Mil
Presidents
10 May 1990 - 22 Dec 2002  Milan Kucan                       (b. 1941)            Non-party
                             (President of the Presidency to 22 Dec 1992)
22 Dec 2002 - 22 Dec 2007  Janez Drnovsek                    (b. 1950 - d. 2008)  LDS;2006 MFD
22 Dec 2007 -              Danilo Türk                       (b. 1952)           Non-party/SDS

 

Landespräsidenten 
1850 - 1860                Gustaf Ignaz Graf Chorinsky       (s.a.)
1861 - 1862                Kark Ullspitsch von Krainfels
1862 - 1865                Johann Freiherr Schloissnigg
Nov 1865 - 1867            Eduard Freiherr von Bach
1867 - 1871                Konrad Freiherr von Eybensfeld    (b. 1821 - d. 1898)
1871 - 1872                Karl Graf von Wurzbachritter von 
                             Tannenberg
1872 - 1873                A. Graf Auersperg
1874 - Dec 1877            Bohuslav Ritter von Widmann       (s.a.)
                             (acting to 31 May 1875)
1878 - 1879                Franz Ritter Kalina von Urbanow
1880 - Nov 1890            Andreas Freiherr von Winkler
1892 - Nov 1904            Viktor Freiherr von Hein
1905 - 1916                Theodor Freiherr Schwarz von
                             Karsten 
1916 - 1918                Heinrich Graf Attems von
                             Heiligenkreuz
1918 - 31 Oct 1918         Ivan Sustersic                    (b. 1863 - d. 1925)  SLS
Landsmannminister (in Vienna)
25 Jul 1918 - 27 Oct 1918  Ivan Ritter von Zolger            (b. 1867 - d. 1925)
Presidents of the Provincial Council of Lubiana 
27 May 1941 - 1941         Marko Natlacen                    (s.a.)               SLS
1941 -  7 Jun 1942         ....
 7 Jun 1942 - 20 Sep 1943  Leon "Lav" Rupnik                 (s.a.)               Mil
Chief of the Provincial Administration
20 Sep 1943 -  5 May 1945  Leon "Lav" Rupnik                 (s.a.)               Mil
Prime ministers
16 May 1990 - 14 May 1992  Alojz "Lojze" Peterle             (b. 1948)            SKD
14 May 1992 -  3 May 2000  Janez Drnovsek (1st time)         (s.a.)               LDS
 3 May 2000 - 17 Nov 2000  Andrej Bajuk                      (b. 1943)    SLS-SKD;Aug 2000 NSi
17 Nov 2000 - 12 Dec 2002  Janez Drnovsek (2nd time)         (s.a.)               LDS
12 Dec 2002 -  9 Nov 2004  Anton "Tone" Rop                  (b. 1960)            LDS
 9 Nov 2004 -              Janez Jansa                       (b. 1958)            SDS

Territorial Disputes: The Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Piran Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains unratified and in dispute; Slovenia also protests Croatia's 2003 claim to an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia must implement the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia.

Party abbreviations: LDS = Liberalna Demokracija Slovenije (Liberal Democracy of Slovenia, liberal. est.1994); MFD = Movement for Fairness and Development (est.Jan 2006); NSi = Nova Slovenija Krseanski Ljudska Stranka (New Slovenia Christian People's Party, christian-
democratic, est.4 Aug 2000); SDS = Socialdemokratska Stranka Slovenije (Social Democratic Party of Slovenia, social-democratic, est.1989); SLS = Slovenska Ljudska Stranka (Slovenian People's Party, conservative 1905-1945, 1988-2000; 15 Apr 2000 union with SKD as SLS-SKD; from May 2002 as SLS); SNS = Slovenska Nacionalna Stranka (Slovenian National Party, nationalist);
- Former Parties: NSDAP = National Socialist German Worker's Party (German Nazi party, fascist, only legal party 1941-45); PFR = Partito Fascista Repubblicano (Republican Fascist Party, former PNF, only legal party in Italian Social Republic Sep 1943-45); PNF = Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party, conservative, authoritarian, -only legal party Apr 1941-25 Jul 1943); SKD = Slovenski Krseanski Demokrati (Slovene Christian Democrats, 1988-2000, from 15 Apr 2000 united with SLS)

                     18 Jan 1947 - 27 Jun 1991

 2 Dec 1945                People's Republic of Slovenia
 7 Jul 1963                Socialist Republic of Slovenia

Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Slovenia
(from 1952, League of Communists of Slovenia)
1943 - 1946                Franc-Luka Leskosek                (b. 1897 - d. 1983)
1946 - 1948                Edvard Kardelj                     (b. 1910 - d. 1979)
1948 - 1966                Miha Marinko                       (b. 1900 - d. 1983)
1966 - 1968                Albert Jakopic                     (b. 1914)
Mar 1969 - Apr 1982        Franc Popit                        (b. 1921)
Apr 1982 - May 1986        Andrej Marinc                      (b. 1930)
May 1986 - Dec 1989        Milan Kucan                        (b. 1941)
Dec 1989 - May 1990        Ciril Ribicic                      (b. 1947)

Chairman of the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People
 3 Oct 1943 - 19 Feb 1944  Josip Vidmar                       (b. 1895 - d. 1992) KPS
President of Presidium of Slovenian People's Liberation Council
19 Feb 1944 - 1945         Josip Vidmar                       (s.a.)              KPS
President of the Presidium of the People's Assembly
1945 - Mar 1953            Josip Vidmar                       (s.a.)              KPS;1952 ZKS
Presidents of the People's Assembly
Mar 1953 - Dec 1953        ....
Dec 1953 - 1962            Miha Marinko                       (s.a.)              ZKS
1962 - 1963                Vida Bernot Tomsic (f)             (b. 1913 - d. 1998) ZKS
1963 - 1965                Viktor "Rudi" Avbelj               (b. 1914 - d. 1994) ZKS
1965 - 1967                Ivan Macek                         (b. 1908 - d. 1993) ZKS
1967 - 1973                Sergej Kraigher                    (b. 1914 - d. 2001) ZKS
1973 - 1974                Tone Kropusek                      (b. 1928)           ZKS
1974                       Marjan Brecelj                     (b. 1910)           ZKS
Presidents of the Presidency
May 1974 - May 1979        Sergej Kraigher                    (s.a.)              ZKS
May 1979 -  7 May 1982     Viktor "Rudi" Avbelj               (s.a.)              ZKS
 7 May 1982 - May 1988     Franc Popit                        (s.a.)              ZKS
May 1988 - 10 May 1990     Janez Stanovnik                    (b. 1922)       ZKS;1989 ZKS-SDP

Minister for Slovenia (part of Yugoslav government)
 7 Mar 1945 - 1945         Edvard Kocbek                      (b. 1904 - d. 1981) KPS
Prime ministers
 5 May 1945 - Jun 1946     Boris Kidric                       (b. 1912 - d. 1953) ZKS
Jun 1946 - 1953            Miha Marinko                       (s.a.)              KPS;1952 ZKS
Chairmen of the Executive Council
1953 - 15 Dec 1953         Miha Marinko                       (s.a.)              ZKS
15 Dec 1953 - 25 Jun 1962  Boris Kraigher                     (b. 1914 - d. 1967) ZKS
25 Jun 1962 - 1965         Viktor "Rudi" Avbelj               (s.a.)              ZKS
1965 - 1967                Janko Smole                        (b. 1921)           ZKS
1967 - 27 Nov 1972         Stane Kavcic                       (b. 1919 - d. 1987) ZKS
27 Nov 1972 - Apr 1978     Andrej Marinc                      (s.a.)              ZKS
Apr 1978 - Jul 1980        Anton Vratusa                      (b. 1915)           ZKS
Jul 1980 - 23 May 1984     Janez Zemljaric                    (b. 1928)           ZKS
23 May 1984 - 16 May 1990  Dusan Sinigoj                      (b. 1933)       SKJ;1989 ZKS-SDP

Party abbreviations: ZKS = Zveza Komunistov Slovenije (League of Communists of Slovenia);
ZKS-SDP = League of Communists of Slovenia-SDP (Slovene communists, to 1989 ZKS);
- Former parties: KPS = Komunisticna Partija Slovenije, (Communist party of Slovenia, from 1952 renamed ZKS)