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- Note: The list below is only complete for those polities that survived beyond 1806. Within
- the Holy Roman Empire, there existed countless minor states (ecclesiastical states, imperial
- cities, imperial villages, lordships, counties, baronies, principalities, etc.), which
- are nearly impossible to list with even partial accuracy. A major reorganization was
- brought about by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, when more than 100 polities were
- abolished. Polities listed prior to 1806 are a sample of the major or most well known
- polities of the Holy Roman Empire and the Confederation of the Rhine. After 1806, all the
- polities that survived the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna are listed.
- For the sake of providing a division between eras, after the republican revolutions
- of 1918, which overthrew the last German monarchies, remaining states are listed under
- German states since 1918; these include the states and provinces of the Weimar Republic, Third Reich, and the modern period. The provinces of Prussia are listed in a separate section following the entry for Prussia (Prussian provinces to 1946). Statistical data is given only for those polities that survived to 1918.
- Religious titles: Abt/Abtissin = Abbot/Abbess; Bischof = bishop; Erzbischof = Archbishop; Fürstäbte = Prince-Abbot; Fürstinabtissin = Princess-Abbess; Fürstbischof = Prince-bishop
German States to
1918 A-E
Noble titles: Edler/Edle = Noble; Graf/Gräfin = Count/Countess; Freiherr/Freifrau = Baron/Baroness; Erzherzog/Erzherzogin = Archduke/Archduchess; Herzog/Herzogin = Duke/Duchess; Fürst/Fürstin, Prinz/Prinzessin = Prince/Princess; Grossherzog/Grossherzogin = Grand Duke/Grand Duchess; Kurfürst/Kurfürstin = Prince/Princess Elector; Ritter = Knight; Pfalzgraf/Pfalzgräfin = Count/Countess Palatine; Rheingraf/Rheingräfin = Rhinegrave; Markgraf/Markgrafin = Marquess/Marchioness; Herr/Frau (Herrin) = Lord/Lady; Landgraf/Landgräfin = Landgrave; Wildgraf = Wildgrave; Kurfürst = Elector; Gefürsteter Graf/Gräfin = Princely Count/Countess; Reichsfreiherr = Imperial Baron; Köing/Königin = King/Queen; Kaiser/Kaiserin = Emperor/Empress;
- Maps showing some of the major territorial changes: Historical Map of Germany in 1660;
- Historical map of Germany in 1789; Historical map of Germany in 1803; Map of Germany in 1812;
-
Map of German
Confederation 1815; Map
of German Empire 1871
- Aachen
![[Aachen Free City]](de_kol.gif)
1306
Imperial City of Aachen (Reichsstadt Aachen); two "succession
lines" can be distinguished.
15 Dec 1792 - 2 Mar 1793 Occupied by France.
23 Sep 1794
Occupied by France.
18 Oct 1797
Ceded to France.
16 Mar 1798 French abolish the free city government.
9 Mar 1801 - 1813
Annexed to France as Aix-la-Chapelle, part of département
Roer (see under Germany).
1813 - 1814 Allied (Prussian) occupation.
14 Feb 1814
Part of Prussia.
Bürgermeister
- Line 1 -
1698 - 1699
Tilman Schroeder (2nd time) (b. 1645
- d. 1706)
1699 - 1700
Werner von Broich (7th time) (b. 1636 -
d. 17..)
1700 – 1706 Vacant
1706 – 1709
Werner von Broich (8th time) (s.a.)
1709 - 1710 Dietrich Joseph Speckhewer (b. 1659 - d. 17..)
(1st time)
1710 - 1711
Werner von Broich (9th time)
1711 - 1712 Dietrich Joseph Speckhewer (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1712 - 1713
Werner von Broich (10th time) (s.a.)
1713 - 1714 Winand
Theodor von Wilre zur Worm (b. 1665 - d. 1717)
(1st time)
1714 - 1715
Werner von Broich (11th time) (s.a.)
1715 - 1716
Winand Theodor von Wilre zur Worm (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1716 - 1717
Franz Hermann Brauman (1st time)
1717 - 1718
Leonhard Joseph Franz Hieronimus (d. 1764)
Freiherr von Lamberts zu
Cortenbach (1st time)
1718 - 1719
Franz Hermann Brauman (2nd time)
1719 - 1720
Leonhard Joseph Franz Hieronimus (s.a.)
Freiherr von Lamberts zu
Cortenbach (2nd time)
1720 - 1721
Franz Hermann Brauman (3rd time)
1721 - 1722
Leonhard Joseph Franz Hieronimus (s.a.)
Freiherr von Lamberts zu
Cortenbach (3rd time)
1722 - 1723 Johann Werner von Broich (1st time)(b. 1675 - d. 1747)
1723 - 1724 Johann Theodor Richterich (b. 1650 - d. 17..)
(1st time)
1724 – 1725 Johann Werner von Broich (2nd time)(s.a.)
1725 - 1726 Johann
Theodor Richterich (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1726 - 1727 Johann Werner von Broich (3rd time)(s.a.)
1727 - 1728 Johann Theodor Richterich (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1728 - 1729 Johann Werner von Broich (4th time)(s.a.)
1729 - 1730
Alexander Theodor Oliva (1st time)
1730 - 1731 Johann Werner von Broich (5th time)(s.a.)
1731 - 1732
Alexander Theodor Oliva (2nd time)
1732 - 1733 Johann Werner von Broich (6th time)(s.a.)
1733 - 1734
Alexander Theodor Oliva (3rd time)
1734 - 1735
Johann Werner von Broich (7th time)(s.a.)
1735 - 1736
Alexander Theodor Oliva (4th time)
1736 - 1737
Johann Werner von Broich (8th time)(s.a.)
1737 - 1738
Alexander Theodor Oliva (5th time)
1738 - 1739 Johann Werner von Broich (s.a.)
(9th time)
1739 - 1740
Alexander Theodor Oliva (6th time)
1740 - 1741 Johann Werner von Broich (s.a.)
(10th time)
1741 - 1742
Alexander Theodor Oliva (7th time)
1742 - 1743 Johann Werner von Broich (s.a.)
(11th time)
1743 - 1744
Alexander Theodor Oliva (8th time)
1744 - 1745 Johann Werner von Broich (s.a.)
(12th time)
1745 - 1746
Alexander Theodor Oliva (9th time)
1746 - 1747
Johann Werner von Broich
(s.a.)
(12th time)
1747 - 1748 Alexander Theodor von Oliva
(10th time)
1748 - 1749
Franz von Fürth (1st time)
1749 - 1750
Alexander Theodor von Oliva
(11th time)
1750 - 1751
Franz von Fürth (2nd time)
1751 - 1752
Alexander Theodor on Oliva
(12th time)
1752 - 1753
Franz von Fürth (3rd time)
1753 - 1754
Alexander Theodor von Oliva
(13th time)
1754 - 1755
Franz von Fürth (4th time)
1755 - 1756
Alexander Theodor von Oliva
(14th time)
1756 - 1757
Friedrich Wilhelm Beelen
(b. 1732 - d. 1766)
1757 - 1758
Joseph Xaver von Richterich (d. 1786)
(1st time)
1758 - 1759
Alexander Theodor von Oliva
(15th time)
1759 - 1760
Joseph Xaver von Richterich
(1st time)
1760 - 1761
Alexander Theodor von Oliva
(16th time)
1761 - 1762 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1762 - 1763
Alexander Theodor von Oliva
(17th time)
1763 - 1764 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1764 - 1765
Alexander Theodor von Oliva
(18th time)
1765 - 1766 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(4th time)
1766 - 1767
Alexander Theodor von Oliva
(19th time)
1767 - 1768
Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(5th time)
16 Jan 1768 - 1769 Johann
Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (b. 1707 - d. 1793)
(1st time)
1769 - 1770 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(6th time)
1770 - 1771
Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1771 - 1772 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(6th time)
1772 - 1773
Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1773 - 1774 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(7th time)
1774 - 1775
Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(4th time)
1775 - 1776
Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(8th time)
1776 - 1777
Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(5th time)
1777 - 1778
Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(9th time)
1778 - 1779
Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(6th time)
1779 - 1780 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(10th time)
1780 - 1781
Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(7th time)
1781 - 1782 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(11th time)
1782 - 1783
Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(8th time)
1783 - 1784 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(12th time)
1784 - 1785
Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(9th time)
1785 - 1786 Joseph Xaver von Richterich (s.a.)
(13th time)
1786 - 1787
Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(10th time)
1787 - 31 Jul 1788 Johann Nepomuk Martin von Oliva (d. 1816)
31 Jul 1788 - 4 Sep 1789 Johann Jacob Freiherr von Wilre (s.a.)
(11th time)
4 Sep 1789 - 1797 Caspar
Joseph von Clotz (b. 1762 - d. 1818)
- Line 2 -
1698 - 1699
Matthias Maw (or Mau)(2nd time)
1699 - 1700
Balthasar Fiebus (2nd time)
1700 - 1701
Matthias von Maw (or Mau)(3rd time)
1701 - 1702
Balthasar Fiebus (3rd time)
1702 - 1703
Matthias von Maw (or Mau)(4th time)
1703 - 1704
Balthasar Fiebus (4th time)
1704 - 1705
Matthias von Maw (or Mau) (5th time)
1705 - 1706
Balthasar Fiebus (5th time)
1706 - 1707
Matthias von Maw (or Mau)(6h time)
1707 - 1708 Balthasar Fibus (6th time)
1708 - 1709 Matthias Maw (7th time)
1709 - 1710
Balthasar Fiebus (7th time)
1710 - 1711 Michael Bodden
1711 - 1712
Balthasar Fiebus (8th time)
1712 - 1713 Arnold Heitgens (1st time)
1713 - 1714
Balthasar Fiebus (9th time)
1714 - 1715 Arnold Heitgens (2nd time)
1715 - 1716 Lambert Xaver Lamberts
1716 - 1717
Theodor Richterich (1st time)
1717 - 1718
Cornelius de Fays zu Uersfeld
(1st time)
1718 - 1719
Theodor Richterich (2nd time)
1719 - 1720
Cornelius de Fays zu Uersfeld
(2nd time)
1720 - 1721 Peter Dahmen
1721 - 1722
Johann Kaspar Deltour (1st time) (b. 1651 - d. 1733)
1722 - 1723
Cornelius de Fays zu Uersfeld
(3rd time)
1723 - 1724
Johann Kaspar Deltour (2nd time) (s.a.)
1724 - 1725
Cornelius de Fays zu Uersfeld
(4th time)
1725 - 1726
Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(1st time)
1726 - 1727
Cornelius de Fays zu Uersfeld
(5th time)
1727 - 1728
Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(2nd time)
1728 - 1729
Johann Kaspar Deltour (3rd time) (s.a.)
1729 - 1730
Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(3rd time)
1730 – 23 Jun 1730 Johann
Kaspar Deltour
(s.a.)
(to 23 Jun 1730)
23 Jun 1730 – 1731 Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(4th time)
1731 - 1732 Jacob Niclas (1st time)
1732 - 1733 Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(5th time)
1733 - 1734 Jacob Niclas (2nd time)
1734 - 1735
Martin Lambert von Lonenux
(6th time)
1735 - 1736 Jacob Niclas (3rd time)
1736 - 1737
Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(7th time)
1737 - 1738 Jacob Niclas (4th time)
1738 - 1739 Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(8th time)
1739 - 1740 Jacob Niclas (5th time)
1740 - 1741
Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(9th time)
1741 - 1742 Jacob Niclas (6th time)
1742 - 1743
Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(10th time)
1743 - 1744
Jacob Niclas (7th time)
1744 - 1745 Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(11th time)
1745 - 1746 Jacob Niclas (8th time)
1746 - 1747
Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(12th time)
1747 - 1748 Jacob Niclas (9th time)
1748 - 1749
Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(13th time)
1749 - 1750 Jacob Niclas (10th time)
1750 - 1751
Martin Lambert von Lonneux
(14th time)
1751 - 1752 Jacob Niclas (11th time)
1752 - 1753 Martin Lambert de Loneux
(15th time)
1753 - 1754 Jacob Niclas (12th time)
1754 - 1755 Martin Lambert de Loneux
(16th time)
1755 - 1756 Jacob Niclas (13th time)
1756 - 1757
Johann von Wispien (1st time)
1757 - 1758
Peter Balthasar Strauch (1st time)
1758 - 1759
Johann von Wispien (2nd time)
1759 - 1760
Peter Ballhasar Strauch (2nd time)
1760 - 1761
Franz August von Broe (1st time)
1761 - 1762
Peter Balthasar Strauch (3rd time)
1762 - 1763
Franz August von Broe (2nd time)
1763 - 1764
Johann Lambert Kahr (1st time)
1765 - 1766
Johann Lambert Kahr (2nd time)
1766 - 1767
Cornelius Chorus (2nd time) (s.a.)
1767 - 1768
Johann Lambert Kahr (3rd time)
25 May 1768 - 1769 Cornelius
Chorus (3rd time) (s.a.)
1769 - 1770
Johann Lambert Kahr (4th time)
1770 - 1771
Cornelius Chorus (4th time) (s.a.)
1771 - 1772
Johann Lambert Kahr (5th time)
1772 - 1773
Cornelius Chorus (5th time) (s.a.)
1773 - 1774
Johann Lambert Kahr (5th time)
1774
Cornelius Chorus (6th time) (s.a.)
(to ... 1774)
1775 - 1776
Johann Lambert Kahr (6th time)
1776 - 1777 Stephan Dominikus Dauven (1st time)(d. 1797)
1777 - 1778
Heinrich Joseph von Thimus (1st time)
1778 - 1779
Stephan Dominikus Dauven (2nd time)(s.a.)
1779 - 1780
Heinrich Joseph von Thimus (2nd time)
1780 - 1781
Stephan Dominikus Dauven (3rd time)(s.a.)
1781 - 1782 Heinrich Joseph Freiherr
von Thimus-Zieverich (1st time)
1782 - 1783
Stephan Dominikus Dauven (4th time)(s.a.)
1783 - 1784 Heinrich Joseph Freiherr
von Thimus-Zieverich (2nd time)
1784 - 1785
Stephan Dominikus Dauven (5th time)(s.a.)
1785 - 1786 Leonhard Brammerz
1786 – 26 Jun 1786 Stephan Dominikus Dauven (6th time)(s.a.)
1787 - 31 Jul 1788 Franz von Broe von Diepenbeud
31 Jul 1788 - 4 Sep 1789 Carl Franz Nellessen
4 Sep 1789 - 1797 Johann Michael Kreitz
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
1797 - 22 Sep 1797 Philipp Freiherr de Witte de (b. 1743 - d. 1799)
Limminghe
22 Sep 1797 Wilhelm Houben (refused office)
22 Sep 1797 - 18 Mar 1798 Andreas Monheim
(b. 1750 - d. 1804)
Presidents of the Municipality (Munizipalpräsident)
1798
Jakob Friedrich Kolb
(b. 1748 - d. 1813)
1798 - 1800 Johann
Friedrich Jacobi (b. 1765 - d. 1831)
Mayors
1800 - 1804 Jakob
Friedrich Kolb (s.a.)
1804 - 1808 Johann
Wilhelm Gottfried Franz (b. 1743 - d. 1810)
Maria Freiherr von Mommessem
1808 - 1814 Cornelius
Maria Paulus von Guaita (b. 1766 - d. 1821)
Aargau: see Swiss
Cantons
Alsace:
see under France
|
|
![[Analt Landesfarben c.1866-1918]](de-an_hi.gif)
| Map of Anhalt |
National Anthems "Anhalt-Lied" (Anhalt Song) and "Dessauer Marsch" |
Text
of National Anthem (to 1918) |
|
|
|
|
1250
Principality of
Anhalt
10 Jul 1603
Partitioned into 5 principalities (Anhalt-Bernburg,
Anhalt-Dessau,
Anhalt-Köthen, Anhalt-Plötzkau,
and Anhalt-Zerbst).
30 Aug 1863
Duchy of Anhalt unified.
12 Nov 1918
Free State of Anhalt (see
German
states since 1918).
Dukes
30 Aug 1863 - 22 May 1871 Leopold IV
(b. 1794 - d.
1871)
22 May 1871 - 24 Jan 1904 Friedrich I
(b. 1831 - d.
1904)
24 Jan 1904 - 21 Apr 1918 Friedrich II
(b. 1856 - d.
1918)
21 Apr 1918 - 13 Sep 1918 Eduard
(b. 1861 - d.
1918)
13 Sep 1918 - 12 Nov 1918 Joachim Ernst
(b. 1901 - d.
1947)
Sep 1918 - 12 Nov 1918 Aribert -Regent
(b. 1864 - d. 1933)
Ministers of state
12 Sep 1863 - 1868
Carl Friedrich Ferdinand Sintenis (b. 1804 - d. 1868)
1868 - 1875
Karl August Alfred von Larisch (b. 1819 - d. 1897)
1875 - 1892
Anton von Krosigk
(b. 1820 - d. 1892)
1892 - 1902
Kurt von Koseritz
(b. 1834 - d. 1902)
1903 - 1909
Nikolaus Michael Louis Hans von (b. 1855 - d. 1919)
Dallwitz
1 Jan 1910 - 8 Nov 1918 Ernst Laue
(b. 1855 - d.
19..)
8 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918 Max Gutknecht
(b. 1872 - d.
1946) Non-party
Anhalt-Bernburg
-
![[Anhalt]](de_anhal.gif)
- 1830 - 19 Aug 1863
8 Apr 1806 Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg
19 Aug 1863 Incorporated into Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau-Köthen.
Princes (title Fürst zu Anhalt[-Bernburg], Graf von Askanien)
2 Oct 1656 - 14 Feb 1718 Viktor Amadeus
(b. 1634 - d.
1718)
14 Feb 1718 - 22 Apr 1721 Karl Friedrich
(b. 1668 - d.
1721)
22 Apr 1721 - 18 May 1765 Viktor Friedrich
(b. 1700 - d.
1765)
18 May 1765 - 9 Apr 1796 Friedrich Albrecht
(b. 1735 - d.
1796)
9 Apr 1796 - 8 Apr 1806 Alexius
(b. 1767 - d.
1834)
Dukes (title Herzog zu Anhalt[-Bernburg], Graf von Askanien)
8 Apr 1806 - 24 Mar 1834 Alexius
(s.a.)
24 Mar 1834 - 19 Aug 1863 Alexander
(b. 1805 - d.
1863)
Presidents of the state government
18.. - 1827
Johann Vollrath Ludwig Freiherr
von Salmuth
(b. 1761 - d.
1827)
1827 - 1831
Wilhelm Ernst Carl von Pfau
1831 - 24 Jul 1848
Friedrich Wilhelm August von
Kersten
Ministers of state
24 Jul 1848 - 1848
Friedrich Wilhelm August von
Kersten
1848 - 1850
Heinrich von Krosigk
(d. 1850)
1851 - 17 Apr 1853
Victor Hempel
17 Apr 1853 - 12 Sep 1863 Maximilian Theodor von Schnetzell
Anhalt-Bernburg-Harzgerode
17 Apr 1630
Separated from Anhalt-Bernburg.
14 Dec 1709
Re-incorporated into Anhalt-Bernburg.
Princes (title Fürst zu Anhalt[-Bernburg-Harzgerode],
Graf von Askanien)
17 Apr 1630 - 30 Jun 1670 Friedrich
(b. 1613 - d.
1670)
30 Jun 1670 - 14 Dec 1709 Wilhelm
(b. 1643 - d.
1709)
Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
1707
Separated from
Anhalt-Bernburg.
24 Dec 1812
Re-incorporated into Anhalt-Bernburg.
Princes (title Fürst zu Anhalt[-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym],
Graf von Askanien)
1707 - 17 May 1727
Leberecht
(b. 1669 - d.
1727)
17 May 1727 - 15 Apr 1772 Viktor I
(b. 1693 - d.
1772)
15 Apr 1772 - 20 Aug 1806 Karl
(b. 1723 - d.
1806)
20 Aug 1806 - 22 Apr 1812 Viktor II
(b. 1767 - d.
1812)
22 Apr 1812 - 24 Dec 1812 Friedrich
(b. 1741 - d.
1812)
Anhalt-Dessau
-
- 1813 - 2 May 1853
18 Apr 1807 Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
2 May 1853 Merges with Anhalt-Köthen to form Duchy of
Anhalt-Dessau-Köthen.
Princes (title Fürst zu Anhalt[-Dessau], Graf von Askanien)
17 Aug 1693 - 9 Apr 1747 Leopold I "der alte Dessauer"
(b. 1676 - d. 1747)
9 Apr 1747 - 16 Dec 1751 Leopold II
(b. 1700 - d.
1751)
16 Dec 1751 - 18 Apr 1807 Leopold III
(b. 1740 - d.
1817)
Dukes (title Herzog zu Anhalt[-Dessau], Graf von Askanien)
18 Apr 1807 - 9 Aug 1817 Leopold III
(s.a.)
9 Aug 1817 - 2 May 1853 Leopold IV
(b. 1794 - d.
1871)
Heads of the government
18.. - 1831
Wolff Carl August von
Wolfframsdorff
(d. 1831)
1831 - 1835
Ludwig von Basedow
(d. 1835)
1835 - 5 Apr 1848
Leopold von Morgenstern
Ministers of State
5 Apr 1848 - Jul 1849 August Eberhardt
Habicht
Jul 1849 - 1862
Albert Friedrich von Plötz
(b. 1808 - d. 1862)
1862 - 12 Sep 1863
Carl Friedrich Ferdinand Sintenis (b. 1804 - d. 1868)
Anhalt-Köthen
-
- 1813 - 2 May 1853
23 Apr 1665 Merged with Anhalt-Plötzkau.
1 Jun 1807 Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen
23 Nov 1847 Divided between Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Bernburg
2 May 1853 Merges with Anhalt-Dessau to form Duchy of
Anhalt-Dessau-Köthen.
Princes (title Fürst zu Anhalt[-Köthen], Graf von
Askanien)
18 Nov 1670 - 30 May 1704 Emanuel Lebrecht
(b. 1671 - d.
1704)
30 May 1704 - 19 Nov 1728 Leopold
(b. 1694 - d.
1728)
19 Nov 1728 - 6 Aug 1755 August Ludwig
(b. 1697 - d.
1755)
6 Aug 1755 - 17 Oct 1789 Karl Georg Ludwig Lebrecht
(b. 1730 - d. 1789)
17 Oct 1789 - 1 Jun 1807 August Christian Friedrich
(b. 1769 - d. 1812)
Dukes (title Herzog zu Anhalt[-Köthen], Graf von Askanien)
1 Jun 1807 - 5 May 1812 August Christian Friedrich
(s.a.)
5 May 1812 - 18 Dec 1818 Ludwig II
(b. 1802 - d.
1818)
18 Dec 1818 - 23 Aug 1830 Friedrich Ferdinand
(b. 1769 - d.
1830)
23 Aug 1830 - 23 Nov 1847 Heinrich
(b. 1778 - d.
1847)
Conducting Minister
1811 - 1 Nov 1812
J.C.C. Dabelow
Presidents of the State government
1 Nov 1812 - 1817
L.L. Vierthaler
1817 - 1819
Vacant
1819 - 1835
Lebrecht August von Renthe
(b. 1762 - d. 1835)
1836 - 1839
Johann David Karl von Albert
1840 - 25 May 1848
Albert Vierthaler
Minister of State
25 May 1848 - 7 May 1853 Albert Vierthaler
President of the national administration commission
23 Nov 1847 - 7 May 1853 Gustav Albert von Gossler (b. 1807 - d. 1869)
Anhalt-Köthen-Pless
1765
Principality of
Anhalt-Köthen-Pless
5 Nov 1841
Re-incorporated into Anhalt-Köthen.
Princes
1765 - 12 Dec 1797
Friedrich Erdmann
(b. 1721 - d. 1797)
12 Dec 1797 - 18 Dec 1818 Friedrich Ferdinand
(s.a.)
18 Dec 1818 - 23 Aug 1830 Heinrich
(s.a.)
23 Aug 1830 - 5 Nov 1841 Ludwig
(b. 1783 - d.
1841)
Anhalt-Dessau-Köthen
-
- 2 May 1853 - 30 Aug 1863
Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Köthen.
30 Aug 1863 After incorporation of Anhalt-Bernburg 19 Aug 1863,
the polity becomes the Duchy of Anhalt.
Duke
2 May 1853 - 30 Aug 1863 Leopold IV
(b. 1794 - d.
1871)
Anhalt-Zerbst
10 Jul 1603
Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst
3 Mar 1793
Divided among Anhalt-Bernburg, Anhalt-Köthen, Anhalt-Dessau.
Princes (title Fürst zu Anhalt[-Zerbst], Graf von Askanien)
14 Jul 1667 - 3 Nov 1718 Karl Wilhelm
(b. 1652 - d.
1718)
3 Nov 1718 - 7 Nov 1742 Johann August
(b. 1677 - d.
1742)
7 Nov 1742 - 5 Nov 1746 Johann Ludwig
(b. 1688 - d.
1746)
- jointly with -
7 Nov 1742 - 16 Mar 1747 Christian August
(b. 1690 - d.
1747)
16 Mar 1747 - 3 Mar 1793 Friedrich August
(b. 1734 - d.
1793)
16 Mar 1747 - 1752 Johanna Elisabeth Prinzessin (b. 1712 - d. 1760)
von Holstein-Gottorp (f) -Regent
Ansbach
-
- to 1792
21 Jan 1398
Principality of Ansbach (Fürstentum Ansbach).
28 Jan 1792
Annexed to Prussia
(see under Bayreuth).
22 Feb 1806 - 27 May 1806 French occupation.
27 May 1806
Annexed to Bavaria.
Prince-Margraves (title Fürst und Markgraf von
Ansbach)
16 Oct 1692 - 29 Mar 1703 Georg Friedrich II
(b. 1678 - d.
1703)
29 Mar 1703 - 7 Jan 1723 Wilhelm Friedrich
(b. 1686 - d.
1723)
7 Jan 1723 - 3 Aug 1757 Karl Wilhelm Friedrich
(b. 1712 - d.
1757)
7 Jan 1723 - 25 Dec 1729 Christiane Charlotte von
(b. 1694 - d.
1729)
Württemberg
(f) -Regent
3 Aug 1757 - 2 Dec 1791 Christian Friedrich Karl
Alexander (b. 1736 - d. 1806)
2 Dec 1791 - 28 Jan 1792 Karl August von Hardenberg
-Regent (b. 1750 - d. 1822)
Governors
28 Jan 1792 - 8 Oct 1806 the governor of Bayreuth
French government Commissioner
22 Feb 1806 - 24 May 1806 Nagler
Military governor
24 May 1806 - 27 May 1806 Jean-Baptiste-Juules Bernadotte
(b. 1763 - d. 1844)
Appenzell: see Swiss
Cantons
Arenberg (Aremberg)
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![[Arenburg, c.1771-1801]](de_aremb.gif)
![[Duchy of Arenberg, 1803-1810]](de_arem2.gif)
1576
Princely County
of Arenberg
1645
Duchy of Arenberg
(Herzogtum Arenberg).
9 Mar 1801
Annexed to France.
1 Dec 1802
Duchy restored at Meppen (Arenberg-Meppen).
12 Jul 1806
Raised to fully sovereign status.
13 Dec 1810
Annexed to France.
27 Apr 1811
Divided between French départements of Ems-Supérieur
and Lippe (see
under Germany).
1813 - 25 May 1815
Allied administration
25 May 1815
Annexed by Prussia, Meppen to
Hanover.
Dukes (title Herzog von Arenberg [from 1802] zu Meppen)
25 Aug 1691 - 4 Mar 1754 Leopold
(b. 1690 - d. 1754)
25 Aug 1691 - 14 Oct 1711 .... -Regent
4 Mar 1754 - 17 Aug 1778 Karl II
(b. 1721 - d. 1778)
17 Aug 1778 - 9 Mar 1801 Ludwig Engelbert
(b. 1750 - d. 1820)
1 Dec 1802 - 13 Dec 1810 Prosper Ludwig
(b. 1785 - d. 1861)
Augsburg Bishopric
![[Bishopric of Augsburg]](de-augs.gif)
c.582
Bishopric of Augsburg (Hochstift Augsburg)
bf.923
Bishops also Princes of the Empire.
15th cent.
Seat of the Bishops moved to Dillingen.
27 Apr 1803
Annexed by Bavaria.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Augsburg)
1 Apr 1690 - 24 Jan 1737 Alexander Sigmund Pfalzgraf am (b. 1663 - d. 1737)
Rhein zu Neuburg
(co-adjutor 10 Feb 1681 - 1 Apr 1690)
24 Jan 1737 - 12 Jun 1740 Johann Franz Graf von Schenk von (b. 1658 - d. 1740)
Stauffenberg
(co-adjutor 20 Aug 1714 - 24 Jan 1737)
18 Aug 1740 - 20 Aug 1768 Joseph Ignaz Philipp Landgraf von
Hessen-Darmstadt (b. 1699 - d. 1768)
20 Aug 1768 - 27 Apr 1803 Klemens Wenzeslaus Herzog von (b. 1739 - d. 1812)
Sachsen
(co-adjutor 5 Nov 1764 - 20 Aug 1768)
Augsburg Free City
9 Mar 1276
Free Imperial City of Augsburg.
24 Apr 1632 - 1635
Occupied by Sweden.
4 Mar 1806
Annexed to Bavaria.
Stadtpfleger
1675 - 1701 Leonhard Weiss (b. 16.. - d. 1701)
1695 - 1717 Joseph Adrian Imhof (b. 1678 - d. 1717)
1701 - 1716 Gottfried Amman (b. 16.. - d. 1716)
1716 - 1726 Paul von Stetten (b. 16.. - d. 1729)
1717 - 1725 Ignatius Langenmantel (II) (b. 16.. - d. 1725)
1725 - 1730 Franz Octavian Langenmantel (II) (d. 1730)
1726 - 1735 Johann von Stetten (d. 1738)
1730 - 1741 Johann Jakob Holzapfel (d. 1741)
1735 - 1739 Martin Hieronymus Langenmantel (II)(d. 1739)
1739 - 1751 Wolfgang Jakob Sulzer (d. 1751)
1741 - 1761 Leopold Anton Imhof (d. 1763)
1751 - 1768 Markus
Christoph Koch (d. 1768)
1761 - 1774 Franz Joseph Ignatius Rembold (d. 1774)
1768 - 1774 David
von Stetten (d.
1774)
1774 - 1790 Jakob Wilhelm B. Langenmantel (II) (d. 1790)
1774 - 1792 Paul Amman
(d. 1792)
1790 - 1797 Johann Baptist Chr. von Rehlingen (d. 1797)
1792 - 1806 Paul von
Stetten (b.
1731 - d. 1808)
1797 - 1806 Joseph
Adrian von Imhof (b. 17.. - d. 1831)
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
1806
Albrecht von Stetten (b. 1736 - d. 1817)
1806
Johann Baptist
Peter von Carl (b. 1761 - d.
1847)
Austria (Österreich): see Austrian Lands
Austrian Netherlands: see Belgium
Baden (county): see under Swiss Cantons
Baden
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![[Baden 1848]](de_bad.gif)
![[Baden, 1871?]](de_baden.gif)
![[Baden, 1871]](de-bd-n.gif)
![[Baden 1891]](de-bd891.gif)
| Map of Baden |
National Anthem "Badnerlied" (Song of Baden) |
Text
of National Anthem (to 1918) |
|
Constitution (22 Aug 1818-1904; 26 Aug 1904-1918 in German) |
Capital: Karlsruhe | Population: 2,000,000 (1905 est.) |
27 Apr 1112
Margraviate of Baden (Markgrafschaft Baden) established.
24 Aug 1535
Polity split into Upper Margraviate of Baden, usually called
Baden-Baden, and
Lower Margraviate of Baden, usually called
Baden-Durlach,
after the later choices of capitals.
21 Oct 1771
Baden-Baden line extinct; Baden-Durlach reunites both
polities into
a single Margraviate of Baden.
25 Jul 1803
The ruler is made into a prince-elector and the polity is
styled Electorate
of Baden (Kurfürstentum Baden).
25 Jul 1806
Grand Duchy of Baden (Grossherzogtum Baden).
14 May 1849 - 25 Jun 1849 Rebellion; establishes Republic
of Baden 1 Jun 1849.
22 Nov 1918
Republic of Baden (see German states
since 1918).
Margraves (title Markgraf von Baden)
22 May 1677 - 4 Jan 1707 Ludwig Wilhelm "der Türkenlouis"
(b. 1655 - d. 1707)
4 Jan 1707 - 22 Oct 1761 Ludwig Georg Simpert
(b. 1702 - d.
1761)
4 Jan 1707 - 7 Jun 1727 Franziska Sibylla Augusta
von
Sachsen-Lauenburg
(f) -Regent (b. 1675 - d. 1733)
- jointly with -
4 Jan 1707 - 8 Apr 1716 Johann Wilhelm Pfalzgraf
von (b. 1658 - d. 1716)
Rhein -Regent
8 Apr 1716?- 7 Jun 1727 Leopold Herzog von Lorraine
-Regent(b. 1679 - d. 1729)
22 Oct 1761 - 21 Oct 1771 August Georg Simpert
(b. 1706 - d.
1771)
Baden-Durlach
Margraves (title Markgraf von Baden)
10 Feb 1677 - 25 Jun 1709 Friedrich VII "der Grosse" (b.
1647 - d. 1709)
25 Jun 1709 - 12 May 1738 Karl III Wilhelm
(b. 1679 - d.
1738)
12 May 1738 - 30 Oct 1742 Magdalene Wilhelmine von
(b. 1677 - d. 1742)
Württemberg
(f) -Regent
12 May 1738 - 22 Nov 1746 Carl August -Regent
(b. 1712 - d. 1786)
- jointly with -
30 Oct 1742 - 22 Nov 1746 Carl Wilhelm Eugen -Regent
(b. 1713 - d. 1783)
12 May 1738 - 21 Oct 1771 Karl IV Friedrich
(b. 1728 - d.
1811)
Baden (Reunited)
Margrave (title Markgraf von Baden)
21 Oct 1771 - 27 Apr 1803 Karl IV Friedrich
(s.a.)
Margrave and Elector (title Markgraf von Baden, Kurfürst
des Heiligen Römischen Reiches,
Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, etc.)
27 Apr 1803 - 25 Jul 1806 Karl Friedrich
(s.a.)
Grand dukes (title Grossherzog von Baden)
25 Jul 1806 - 10 Jun 1811 Karl Friedrich
(s.a.)
10 Jun 1811 - 8 Dec 1818 Karl Ludwig Friedrich
(b. 1786 - d.
1818)
8 Dec 1818 - 30 Mar 1830 Ludwig I
(b. 1763 - d.
1830)
30 Mar 1830 - 24 Apr 1852 Leopold I
(b. 1790 - d.
1852)
14 May 1849 - 25 Jun 1849 Lorenz Peter Brentano
(b. 1813 - d.
1891)
(chairman Executive
of the People's Societies to 1 Jun 1849,
then chairman
Provisional Government of the Republic)
24 Apr 1852 - 5 Sep 1856 Ludwig II
(b. 1824 - d.
1858)
5 Sep 1856 - 28 Sep 1907 Friedrich I
(b. 1826 - d.
1907)
(24 Apr 1852 -
5 Sep 1856 regent for Ludwig II)
28 Sep 1907 - 22 Nov 1918 Friedrich II
(b. 1857 - d.
1928)
Chief Ministers
1774 - 6 Dec 1793
Wilhelm Freiherr von Edelsheim (b. 1737 - d. 1793)
1793 - 1808
Georg Ludwig Freiherr von
(b. 1740 - d. 1814)
Edelsheim
1803 - 27 Dec 1806
Wolfgang Heribert Tobias Otto (b. 1750 -
d. 1806)
Maria Johann Nepomuk
Freiherr
von Dalberg
27 Dec 1806 - Jul 1808 ....
Jul 1808 - 1808
Emmerich Joseph Freiherr von (b. 1773
- d. 1833)
Dalberg
(provisional cabinet
director)
1808 - 1809
Carl Wilhelm Freiherr von
(b. 1764 - d. 1817)
Marschall von
Bieberstein
Ministers of State
1809 - Mar 1810
Sigismund Karl Freiherr von (b.
1766 - d. 1847)
Reitzenstein
Mar 1810 - 1810
Conrad Karl Friedrich Freiherr (b. 1776 - d. 1839)
von Andlau-Birseck
(acting)
1810 - 13 Jan 1812
Christian Heinrich Freiherr (b.
1743 - d. 1812)
Gayling von Altheim
(president of
the ministers
conference to
26 Sep 1811)
1812 - 1817
Karl Christian Freiherr von (b.
1774 - d. 1849)
Berckheim
1817 - 1818
Sigismund Karl Freiherr von (b.
1766 - d. 1847)
Reitzenstein
Presidents of the Ministry of State
Dec 1818 - 1831
Wilhelm Ludwig Leopold Reinhard (b. 1769 - d. 1837)
Freiherr von Berstett
(acting to 8 Oct
1819)
8 Oct 1832 - 1832
Sigismund Karl Freiherr von (b.
1766 - d. 1847)
Reitzenstein
1833 - 27 Mar 1838
Georg Ludwig Winter
(b. 1778 - d. 1839)
1838 - 1839
Karl Friedrich Nebenius (1st time) (b. 1785 - d. 1857)
1839 - Nov 1843
Friedrich Landolin Karl Freiherr (b. 1792 - d. 1861)
von Blittersdorf
Nov 1843 - Mar 1845 Christian
Friedrich von Boeckh (b. 1777 - d. 1855)
Mar 1845 - 19 Dec 1846 Karl Friedrich Nebenius
(2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Dec 1846 - 9 Mar 1848 Johann Baptist Bekk
(b. 1797 - d.
1855)
9 Mar 1848 - 1 Jul 1849 Karl Georg Hoffmann
(b. 1796 - d.
1865)
Ministers of State
1 Jul 1849 - May 1856 Friedrich Adolf
Klüber
(b. 1791 - d. 1858)
May 1856 - 2 Apr 1860 Franz Freiherr
von Stengel (b. 1803 -
d. 1870)
2 Apr 1860 - 27 Jul 1866 Anton von Stabel
(b. 1806 - d.
1880)
Presidents of the Ministry of State
27 Jul 1866 - 3 Feb 1868 Karl Mathy
(b. 1806 - d.
1868)
12 Feb 1868 - 24 Sep 1876 Julius August Isaak Jolly
(b. 1823 - d. 1891)
24 Sep 1876 - 7 Mar 1893 Ludwig Karl Friedrich Turban
(b. 1821 - d. 1898)
7 Mar 1893 - Jun 1901 Franz Wilhelm
Nokk
(b. 1832 - d. 1903) NLP
Jun 1901 - 8 Mar 1905 Karl Ludwig
Wilhelm Arthur von (b. 1845 - d. 1926)
Brauer
8 Mar 1905 - 22 Dec 1917 Alexander Freiherr von Dusch
(b. 1851 - d. 1923) NLP
22 Dec 1917 - 14 Nov 1918 Heinrich Freiherr von und zu
(b. 1851 - d. 1929) NLP
Bodman
Party abbreviations: NLP = Nationalliberale Partei (National Liberal Party, liberal, 1867-1918)
Baindt
1227
Cistercian Abbey
of Baindt (Stift Baindt)
1241
Placed directly
under the protection of the Emperor.
1263
Declared free
of any Guardianship (confirmed 1309).
1376
Abbesses also
Princesses of the Empire.
Nov 1802
Occupied by prince von Leyen.
25 Feb 1803
Secularized and given to Aspremont-Lynden dynasty formerly
of Reckheim.
12 Jul 1806
Annexed to Württemburg.
Princess-Abbesses (title Gefürstete Äbtissin zu Buchau)
1672 - 1688
Barbara II Sauther
1688 - 1722
Anna IX Tanner
1722 - 1723
Anna X Haug
1723 - 1751
Magdalena von Dürrheim
1751 - 1768
Cäcilia Seitz
1768 - 1802
Bernarda von Markdorf
1802
Xaveria Lohmiller
(d. 1836)
Prince (title Fürst von Baindt)
25 Feb 1803 - 12 Jul 1806 Johan
Nepomuk Gobert II (b.
1757 - d. 1819)
Bamberg
1008
Bishopric of Bamberg (Hochstift Bamberg)
c.1242
Bishops also Princes of the Empire.
27 Apr 1803
Annexed to Bavaria.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbishof zu Bamberg)
16 Nov 1693 - 30 Jan 1729 Lothar Franz Graf von Schönborn (b. 1655 - d. 1729)
13 Dec 1708 - 26 Jul 1746 Friedrich Karl Graf von (b. 1674 - d. 1746)
Schönborn (co-adjutor to 30 Jan 1729)
26 Sep 1746 - 3 Jun 1753 Johann Philip Anton Freiherr (b. 1695 - d. 1753)
von Frankenstein
23 Jul 1753 - 6 Mar 1757 Franz Konrad Graf von Stadion
(b. 1679 - d. 1757)
und Thannhausen
21 Apr 1757 - 18 Feb 1779 Adam Friedrich Graf von (b. 1708 - d. 1779)
Seinsheim
12 Apr 1779 - 14 Feb 1795 Franz Ludwig Freiherr von Erthal(b. 1730 - d. 1795)
7 Apr 1795 - Nov 1802 Christoph Franz Freiherr von (b. 1724 - d. 1805)
Buseck
Bar: see Lorraine under French provinces
Basle (bishopric): see under Jura Swiss Cantons
Basel (free city): see Swiss Cantons
Bavaria
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![[Bavaria 1340 (Germany)]](de_bav1v.gif)
![[Bavaria Electoral 1688 (Germany)]](de_bav4.gif)
![[Bavaria 1700, 1886]](de_bav7.gif)
![[Bavaria 1820]](de-ba842.gif)
![[Bavaria 1848, 1860]](de_bav13.gif)
![[Bavaria since 1878 (Germany)]](de-bava1.gif)
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"Für Bayern" (For Bavaria) |
(1861- 7 Nov 1918) |
|
(26 May 1818; in German) |
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- c.500 Dukes of the Baiuvars
- Aug 788 Conquered by the Franks.
- 806 Carolingian Kingdom of Bavaria.
- 24 Sep 911 Carolingian dynasty ends.
- 911 Dukes of Bavaria (but polity styled Fürstentum und Land zu
- Bayern).
- 16 Sep 1180 Wittelsbach dynasty begins.
- 28 Mar 1255 - 30 Jul 1505 Numerous dynastic divisions (all rulers styled Herzog von
- Bayern).
- 30 Jul 1505 Polity reunited, ruler styled Herzog beider Bayern.
- 25 Feb 1623 Upon forfeit of the Palatinate to the king, the ruler of
- Bavaria is elevated to the lapsed electorate
- (Kurfürstentum Bayern).
- 14 Aug 1704 - 6 Mar 1714 München under Imperial occupation.
- 29 Apr 1706 - 6 Mar 1714 Divided between Austria and the Palatinate.
- 6 Mar 1714 Independence restored; office of archsteward (as part of the
- electoral dignity) in dispute with the Palatinate.
- 30 Dec 1777 The elector palatine inherits Bavaria upon the extinction of
- the ruling Wittelsbach line, thus terminating the electoral
- dispute; the ruler sometimes uses the abbreviated
- style Kurfürst von Pfalzbayern.
- 27 Apr 1803 Palatinate incorporated into Bavaria.
- 1 Jan 1806 Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern).
- 7 Nov 1918 Free State of Bavaria (see German states since 1918).
Heiligen Römischen Reiches - Duke of both Bavarias, Archsteward and Prince-elector
of the Holy Roman Empire)
26 May 1679 - 29 Apr 1706 Maximilian II (1st time) (b. 1662 - d. 1726)
29 Apr 1706 - 6 Mar 1714 divided between Austria and Palatinate
6 Mar 1714 - 26 Feb 1726 Maximilian II (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Feb 1726 - 20 Jan 1745 Karl Albrecht (b. 1697 - d. 1745)
20 Jan 1745 - 30 Dec 1777 Maximilian III (b. 1727 - d. 1777)
30 Dec 1777 - 16 Feb 1799 Karl Philipp Theodor (b. 1724 - d. 1799)
16 Feb 1799 - 1 Jan 1806 Maximilian IV Joseph (b. 1756 - d. 1825)
Kings (title König von Bayern)
1 Jan 1806 - 13 Oct 1825 Maximilian I Joseph (s.a.)
13 Oct 1825 - 21 Mar 1848 Ludwig I (b. 1786 - d. 1868)
21 Mar 1848 - 10 Mar 1864 Maximilian II (b. 1811 - d. 1864)
10 Mar 1864 - 13 Jun 1886 Ludwig II (b. 1845 - d. 1886)
13 Jun 1886 - 5 Nov 1913 Otto I (b. 1848 - d. 1916)
10 Jun 1886 - 12 Dec 1912 Prince Luitpold -Regent (b. 1821 - d. 1912)
(regent for incapacitated Ludwig II
and for insane Otto)
12 Dec 1912 - 5 Nov 1913 Prince Ludwig -Regent (b. 1845 - d. 1921)
(regent for insane Otto)
5 Nov 1913 - 13 Nov 1918 Ludwig III (s.a.)
Secret Chancellor (Geheime Ratskanzler)
1695 - 1704
Johann Rudolf von Wämpl
(d. 1704)
Imperial Administrator
1704 - 1714
Maximilian Karl Albrecht Fürst (b. 1656 - d. 1718)
von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
Secret Chancellors (Geheime Ratskanzler)
1714 - 3 Mar 1726
Vacant
3 Mar 1726 - 6 Mar 1749 Franz Xaver Joseph Unertl
(b. 1675 - d. 1750)
1749 - 1758 Franz Andreas Freiherr von
Praidlohn
20 Sep 1758 - 21 Oct 1790 Wiguläus Xaverius Aloysius (b. 1705 - d. 1790)
Freiherr von Kreittmayr
Ministers of the Royal House and External Affairs
1745 - 18 Nov 1777
Franz Joseph Freiherr und Graf (b. 1702 - d. 1777)
von Berchem
18 Nov 1777 - 21 Feb 1799 Karl Matthäus Graf von Vieregg (b. 1719 - d. 1802)
21 Feb 1799 - 2 Feb 1817 Maximilian Joseph Graf von
(b. 1759 - d. 1838)
Montgelas
2 Feb 1817 - 26 Oct 1825 Heinrich Aloys
Graf von
(b. 1770 - d. 1865)
Reigersberg
1 Jan 1826 - 22 Apr 1827 Friedrich Karl Graf von Thürheim (b. 1763 - d. 1823)
22 Apr 1827 - 29 Aug 1828 Georg Friedrich
Freiherr von (b. 1752 - d. 1835)
Zentner (acting)
30 Aug 1828 - 31 Dec 1831 Joseph Ludwig Graf von Armansperg (b. 1787 - d. 1853)
2 Jan 1832 - 1 Jun 1846 August Freiherr von Gise (b. 1783 - d. 1860)
(August von Koch auf Teublitz)
1 Jun 1846 - 4 Apr 1847 Otto Camillus Hugo Graf von
(b. 1807 - d. 1899)
Bray-Steinburg
(1st time)
4 Apr 1847 - 17 Sep 1847 Vacant
17 Sep 1847 - 29 Nov 1847 Georg Ludwig von Mauer (acting) (b. 1790 - d. 1872)
1 Dec 1847 - 14 Mar 1848 Ludwig Kraft Ernst Fürst
von (b. 1791 - d. 1870)
Öttingen-Wallerstein
(acting)
14 Mar 1848 - 29 Apr 1848 Klemens August Graf von Waldkirch
(b. 1806 - d. 1858)
(acting)
29 Apr 1848 - 18 Apr 1849 Otto Camillus Hugo Graf von
(s.a.)
Bray-Steinburg
(2nd time)
18 Apr 1849 - 22 Dec 1849 Karl Ludwig Heinrich von der
(b. 1811 - d. 1880)
Pfordten
Chairmen in the Council of Ministers
22 Dec 1849 - 1 May 1859 Karl Ludwig Heinrich von der
(s.a.)
Pfordten (from 11 Aug 1854,
Karl Ludwig Heinrich Freiherr
von der Pfordten)
1 May 1859 - 4 Oct 1864 Karl Freiherr von Schrenck von
(b. 1806 - d. 1884)
Nozing
4 Oct 1864 - 4 Dec 1864 Max von Neumayr (acting)
(b. 1810 - d. 1881)
4 Dec 1864 - 29 Dec 1866 Karl Ludwig Heinrich Freiherr
(s.a.)
von der Pfordten
31 Dec 1866 - 7 Mar 1870 Chlodwig Carl Victor Fürst zu (b. 1819 - d. 1901)
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst,
Prinz von Ratibor und Corvey
8 Mar 1870 - 25 Jul 1871 Otto Camillus Hugo Graf von
(s.a.)
Bray-Steinburg
21 Aug 1871 - 2 Jun 1872 Friedrich Adam Justus Freiherr
(b. 1810 - d. 1872)
von Hegnenberg-Dux
1 Oct 1872 -
4 Mar 1880 Adolph von Pfretzschner
(b. 1820 - d. 1901)
4 Mar 1880 - 1 Jun 1890 Johann von Lutz
(b. 1826 - d.
1890)
(from 28 Dec 1883,
Johann Freiherr von Lutz)
1 Jun 1890 - 1 Mar 1903 Krafft Freiherr von Crailsheim
(b. 1841 - d. 1926)
(from 12 Mar 1901, Krafft Graf von Crailsheim)
1
Mar 1903 - 9 Feb 1912 Klemens Freiherr
von
(b. 1850 - d. 1922)
Podewils-Dürnitz
(from 1911, Klemens
Graf von Podewils-Dürnitz)
9 Feb 1912 - 10 Nov 1917 Georg Freiherr von Hertling
(b. 1843 - d. 1919) Zen
(from 17 Jan 1914,
Georg Graf von Hertling)
11 Nov 1917 - 7 Nov 1918 Otto Ritter von Dandl
(b. 1868 - d.
1942)
Party abbreviations: Zen = Zentrum (Center Party)
Bayreuth
![[Arms of Bayreuth (Germany)]](de-bayreuth.gif)
1248
Under Nürnberg.
21 Jan 1398
Principality of Bayreuth, under the
Hohenzollern dynasty
(Fürstentum Bayreuth).
11 Jun 1420 - 20 Sep 1440 Under Nürnberg.
1457 - 11 Mar 1486
Administered by Ansbach.
26 Feb 1495 - 1515
Administered by Ansbach.
8 Jan 1557 - 26 Apr 1603 Administered by Ansbach.
28 Jan 1792
Administered by Prussia.
8 Oct 1806
French administration.
11 Jun 1807 - 17 Jul 1807 Austrian administration.
17 Jul 1807
French administration.
28 Feb 1810
Annexed to Bavaria.
Princes (title Fürst von Bayreuth)
9 Jun 1655 - 10 May 1712 Christian Ernst
(b. 1644 - d.
1712)
9 Jun 1655 - 1664
Georg Albrecht von Brandenburg- (b. 1619 - d. 1666)
Bayreuth zu Kulmbach -Regent
10
May 1712 - 1726
Georg Wilhelm
(b. 1678 - d.
1727)
1726 - 17 May 1735
Georg Friedrich Karl
(b. 1688 - d. 1735)
17 May 1735 - 26 Feb 1763 Friedrich
(b. 1711 - d.
1763)
26 Feb 1763 - 20 Jan 1769 Friedrich Christian
(b. 1708 - d.
1769)
20 Jan 1769 - 2 Dec 1791 Christian Friedrich Karl
(b. 1736 - d.
1806)
Alexander Markgraf
von
Ansbach
2 Dec 1791 - 28 Jan 1792 Karl August von Hardenberg
-Regent (b. 1750 - d. 1822)
Governors
28 Jan 1792 - 1795
Friedrich Eugen Herzog von
(b. 1732 - d. 1797)
Württemberg
1795 - 1800
Friedrich Ludwig Alexander Herzog (b. 1756 - d. 1818)
von Württemberg
1800 - 1804 Vacant
4 Sep 1804 - 8 Oct 1806 Friedrich Ludwig Fürst von (b. 1746 - d. 1818)
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
French military governor
8 Oct 1806 - 18 Nov 1806 Étienne Le Grand de
Mercey (b. 1755 - d. 1828)
Intendant
15 Nov 1806 - 11 Jun 1809 Philippe Camille Marcellin Casimir,
(b. 1778 - d. 1833)
comte de Tournon-Simiane
Austrian military governor
11 Jun 1809 - 13 Jun 1809 Johann Nepomuk Graf Nostitz-Rieneck (b. 1768 - d.
1840)
Intendants
13 Jun 1809 - 29 Jun 1809 Johann Erzherzog von Kutschera
(d. 1832)
29 Jun 1809 - 17 Jul 1809 Karl Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein
(b. 1787 - d. 1856)
French military governor
17 Jul 1809 - 22 Jul 1809 Jean-Andoche Junot, duc d'Abrantès
(b. 1771 - d. 1813)
Indendants
22 Jul 1809 - 20 Sep 1809 Dardieu
20 Sep 1809 - 30 Jun 1810 Combe Sièyes
Kammerpräsident
1791 - 1807 Caspar
Friedrich von Schuckmann (b. 1755 - d. 1834)
Bentheim
1146 - 1182
Under the Bishopric of Utrecht.
1182
County of Bentheim
(Grafschaft Bentheim).
1277
County of Bentheim-Bentheim
(Grafschaft Bentheim-Bentheim).
1468
Bentheim an immediate
fief.
13 Dec 1530 - 10 Feb 1643 To Steinfurt.
1753
Bentheim mortgaged
to Hanover.
12 May 1804
Annexed to Steinfurt (Bentheim-Steinfurt).
12 Jul 1806 - 10 Dec 1810 Bentheim annexed to Berg,
Steinfurt to Prussia.
13 Dec 1810
Annexed to France.
14 Nov 1813 - 20 Dec 1813 Hanover administration (see Osnabrück).
20 Dec 1813
Bentheim annexed to Hanover.
Counts (title Graf zu Bentheim-Bentheim)
26 Aug 1693 - 29 Apr 1701 Arnold Moritz Graf von Steinfurt
(b. 1663 - d. 1701)
29 Apr 1701 - 1723
Hermann Friedrich
(b. 1693 - d. 1731)
1723 - 1731
Ludwig Franz
1731 - 1753
Friedrich Karl Philipp
(b. 1725 - d. 1803)
Berchtesgaden
1108
Augustinian Abbey
of Berchtesgaden founded
(Stift Berchtesgaden).
1491
Abbots also Princes
of the Empire.
27 Apr 1803
Annexed to
Salzburg.
26 Dec 1805
Annexed to
Austria.
14 Oct 1809
Annexed to
Bavaria.
Prince-Povosts (title Fürstpropste und Herr zu
Berchtesgaden)
1688 - 12 Nov 1723
Johann Clemens von Bayern
(b. 1671 - d. 1723)
12 Nov 1723 - 1728
Vacant
1728 - 1732
Julius Heinrich von Rehlingen-Radau
1732 - 4 Jul 1752
Cajetan Anton Notthafft von (b.
1670 - d. 1752)
Weissenstein
1752 - 1768
Michael Balthasar von Christallnigg
1768 - 1780
Franz Anton Josef von Hausen-
Gleichenstorff
1780 - 4 Apr 1803
Joseph Konrad von Schroffenberg-Mös (b. 1743 - d. 1803)
Berg and Cleves
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![[Berge and Cleves 1806-1808]](de-bg_gd.gif)
![[French Flag]](fr.gif)
1101
County of Berg
(Grafschaft Berg)
24 May 1380
Duchy of Berg (Herzogtum Burg).
1417
Duchy of Cleves
(Herzogtum Kleve).
14 Aug 1437
Berg to Duchy of Jülich.
7 Sep 1511
Berg to Duchy of Cleves.
25 Mar 1609
Berg to Palatinate-Neuburg, Cleves to Prussia.
1614
Berg to Pfalz-Neuburg.
16 May 1685
Berg to Kur-Pfalz.
27 Apr 1803
Berg to Bavaria.
1417
Duchy of Cleves
(Herzogtum Kleve).
1794
Jülich occupied
by France.
1795
Cleves on the
left bank of Rhine occupied
by France.
16 Feb 1799
Berg to Bavaria.
9 Mar 1801
Former duchies of Jülich and Cleves annexed to France
part of département Roer.
15 Mar 1806
Duchy of Cleves and Berg (Herzogtum Kleve und Burg).
12 Jul 1806
Grand Duchy of Berg (Grossherzogtum Burg), subdivided
into départements from 14 Nov 1808.
21 Aug 1808
City of Wesel is annexed by France and incorporated
into the département Roer (see under Germany).
13 Dec 1810
Berg's département Ems annexed by France.
1 Jan 1811
Annexed to France; part of département
Lippe.
(see under Germany).
10 Nov 1813 - 15 Jun 1814 Allied administration.
15 Jun 1814
Annexed to Prussia.
Duke
27 Mar 1803 - 15 Mar 1806 Wilhelm Herzog Bayern Pfalzgraf
(b. 1752 - d. 1837)
von Birkenfeld
Dukes (title Herzog von Kleve und Burg)
15 Mar 1806 - 24 Mar 1806 Johann Franz von Rappard (acting)
(b. 1759 - d. 1822)
24 Mar 1806 - 12 Jul 1806 Joachim Murat
(b. 1767 - d.
1815)
Grand Dukes (title Grossherzog von Burg)
12 Jul 1806 - 7 Aug 1808 Joachim Murat
(s.a.)
7 Aug 1808 - 3 Mar 1809 Vacant
3 Mar 1809 - 10 Nov 1813 Karl Ludwig Napoléon
(b. 1804 - d.
1831)
(Charles Louis
Napoléon Bonaparte)
3 Mar 1809 - 10 Nov 1813 Napoléon I -Regent
(b. 1769 - d.
1821)
Commissioner
7 Aug 1808 - 10 Nov 1813 Jacques Claude Beugnot
(b. 1761 - d.
1835)
Allied military governors
10 Nov 1813 - 25 Nov 1813 ....
Allied Governors-general
25 Nov 1813 - 31 Jan 1814 Karl Justus Gruner (1st time)
(b. 1777 - d.
1820)
1 Feb 1814 - 14 Jun 1814 Alexander zu Solms-Lich
(b. 1763 - d.
1830)
15 Jun 1814 - 14 Apr 1815 Karl Justus Gruner (2nd time)
(s.a.)
General commissioner
5 Apr 1806 - 24 Apr 1806 Johann Franz von Rappard
(s.a.)
Ministers
24 Apr 1806 - 7 Aug 1808 Jean Antoine Michel Agar de
Mercuez (b. 1771 - d. 1844)
7 Aug 1808 - 13 Nov 1813 Jacques Claude Beugnot
(s.a.)
24 Apr 1806 - 3 Jun 1806 Johann Engelbert von Fuchsius
(b. 1754 - d.
1828)
3 Jun 1806 - 13 Nov 1813 Johann Franz Joseph Graf von
Nesselrode- (b. 1755 - d. 1824)
Reichenstein
Départements of Grandy Duchy of Berg 1808-1813
Prefect
1809 - 1811 Karl Joseph Freiherr von Mylius
Prefects
Apr 1809 - Mar 1812 von Borcke
Mar 1812 - 1814 graf Spee
Prefect
7 Apr 1809 - Nov 1813 Johann Anton Schmitz
Prefect
10
Mar 1809 - 1813 Freiherr Gisbert von Romberg (b. 1773 - d. 1859)
zu Brünninghausen
Bergen-op-Zoom: see under Netherlands
Bern: see Swiss Cantons
Biel (Bienne): see under Swiss Cantons
Birkenfeld: see under Oldenburg
Birstein: see Isenburg-Birstein
Bludenz: see Vorarlberg under Austrian Lands
Blumenegg: see Vorarlberg under Austrian Lands
Bohemia (Böhmen): see Czech Republic
Bömelburg
1800
Barony of Bömelburg
(Freiherrschaft Bömelburg)
1806
Dissolved.
Baron (title Freiherr zu Bömelburg)
1800 - 1806
Ignaz
Bouillon: see under Belgium
Brandenburg: see Prussia
Breda: see under Netherlands
Bregenz: see Vorarlberg under Austrian Lands
Breisgau: see Vorderösterreich under Austrian Lands
Bremen
![[Bremen 1891]](de-breme.gif)
Adopted 1692, 13 Nov 1891 Civil Ensign |
![[Bremen 1891 (State flag)]](de_bre15.gif)
13 Nov 1891 - Nov 1918 State Flag |
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"Der Bremer Schluessel" (The Key of Bremen) |
(1870-1918) |
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c.788
Bremen founded.
12th cent.
City independent from the Archbishop.
1358 - 1669
Member of Hanseatic League.
1 Jun 1646
Free Imperial City; four mayors to 1853;
four "succession
lines" can be distinguished.
13 Dec 1810
Part of the France; département
Bouches-du-Weser
created 1 Jan
1811 (see under Germany).
6 Nov 1813
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (restored).
(from 1918 see
German states since
1918).
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
- Line 1 -
1690 - 1721
Friedrich Casimir Tilemann gen. Schenk
1721 - 1725
Johann von Rheden
1725 - 1728
Liborius von Line II
1728 - 1731
Hieronymus Alers
1731 - 1736
Heinrich Smidt
1736 - 1749
Daniel von Büren IV
1749 - 1781
Volkhard Mindemann
1781
Albrecht Gröning
1781 - 1782
Martin Eelking
1782 - 1798
Gerhard von dem Busch
1798 - 1803
Jakob Breuls
1803 - 31 Dec 1810
Heinrich Lampe (1st time)
(b. 1746 - d. 1817)
6 Nov 1813 - 18 Dec 1817 Heinrich Lampe (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1817 - 18 Feb 1822
Christian Hermann Schöne
(b. 1763 - d. 1822)
1822 - 23 Jan 1847
Simon Hermann Nonnen
(b. 1777 - d. 1847)
1847 - 3 Aug 1853
Isaak Hermann Albrecht Schumacher (b. 1780 - d. 1853)
- Line 2 -
1689 - 1712
Melchior Schweling
1712 - 1737
Werner Köhne
1737 - 1741
Jakob Hüneken
1741 - 1745
Kaspar von Rheden
1745 - 1756
Heinrich Lampe I
1756 - 1767
Heinrich Köhne
1767 - 1787
Dietrich Smidt
1787 - 1792
Heinrich Köhnen
1792 - 31 Dec 1810
Christian Abraham Heineken
(b. 1752 - d. 1818)
(1st time)
6 Nov 1813 - 1818
Christian Abraham Heineken
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1818 - 1821
Arnold Dietrich Tiedemann
1821 - 1853
Johann Smidt
(b. 1773 - d.
1857)
- Line 3 -
1693 - 1711
Heinrich von Aschen
1711 - 1716
Wilhelm von Bentheim
1716 - 1742
Johann Holler
1742 - 1751
Dietrich Meier I
1751 - 1766
Heinrich Gerhard Schumacher
1766 - 1775
Isaak von Meinertzhagen
1775 - 1787
Johann Pundsack
1787 - 1802
Justin Friedrich Wilhelm Iken
1802 - 31 Dec 1810
Daniel Klugkist (1st time)
6 Nov 1813 - 1814
Daniel Klugkist (2nd time)
1814 - 1821
Georg Gröning
(b. 1745 - d.
18..)
1821 - 1839
Heinrich Gröning
1839 - 1852
Johann Daniel Noltenius
- Line 4 -
1696 - 1718
Hermann Doverhagen
1718 - 1720
Konrad von Berchem
1720 - 1747
Heinrich Meier II
1747 - 1757
Christian Schönel
1757 - 1773
Hieronymus Klugkist
1773 - 1776
Hermann von Line
1776 - 1794
Daniel Tindemann
1794 - 1802
Dietrich Meier II
1802 - 1808
Liborius Dietrich Post
1808 - 31 Dec 1810
Franz Tiedemann (1st time)
(b. 1752 - d. 1836)
6 Nov 1813 - 1824
Franz Tiedemann (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1824 - 1845
Michael Duntze
1845 - 1853
Dietrich Meier III
First mayors
1853 - 31 Dec 1856
Johann Smidt (acting)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1857 - 31 Dec 1863 Arnold Duckwitz
(b. 1802 - d.
1881)
1 Jan 1864 - 31 Dec 1867 Karl Friedrich Gottfried Mohr
(1st time)
(b. 1803 - d.
1888)
1 Jan 1868 - 3 Oct 1871 Johann Daniel Meier
(b. 1804 - d.
1871)
3 Oct 1871 - 1871
Karl Friedrich Gottfried Mohr
(2nd time) (acting)
(s.a.)
1871 - 31 Dec 1875
Otto Gildemeister (1st time) (b. 1823
- d. 1902)
1 Jan 1876 - 12 Apr 1879 Friedrich Moritz Christian
Pfeiffer
(b. 1815 - d.
1879)
12 Apr 1879 - 1879
Otto Gildemeister (2nd time)
(acting)
(s.a.)
1879 - 1882
Friedrich Ludwig Grave
(b. 1815 - d. 1885)
1882 - 31 Dec 1882
Otto Gildemeister (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1883 - 31 Dec 1883 Karl Friedrich Christian Buff
(1st time)
(b. 1820 - d.
1891)
1 Jan 1884 - 31 Dec 1884 Otto Gildemeister (4th time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1885 - 31 Dec 1885 Karl Friedrich Christian Buff
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1886 - 31 Dec 1886 Otto Gildemeister (5th time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1887 - 31 Dec 1887 Stephan August Lürmann
(1st time) (b. 1820 - d. 1902)
1 Jan 1888 - 31 Dec 1888 Karl Friedrich Christian Buff
(3rd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1889 - 31 Dec 1889 Stephan August Lürmann
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1890 - 31 Dec 1890 Karl Friedrich Christian Buff
(4th time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1891 - 31 Dec 1891 Alfred Dominicus Pauli (1st
time) (b. 1827 - d. 1915)
1 Jan 1892 - 31 Dec 1892 Stephan August Lürmann
(3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1893 - 31 Dec 1893 Alfred Dominicus Pauli (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1894 - 31 Dec 1894 Stephan August Lürmann
(4th time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1895 - 31 Dec 1895 Albert Gröning (1st time)
(b. 1839 - d. 1903)
1 Jan 1896 - 31 Dec 1896 Alfred Dominicus Pauli (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1897 - 31 Dec 1897 Albert Gröning (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1898 - 31 Dec 1898 Alfred Dominicus Pauli (4th
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1899 - 31 Dec 1899 Friedrich August Schultz (1st time)(b. 1835 - d. 1905)
1 Jan 1900 - 31 Dec 1900 Albert Gröning (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1901 - 31 Dec 1901 Friedrich August Schultz (2nd time)(s.a.)
1 Jan 1902 - 31 Dec 1902 Albert Gröning (4th time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1903 - 31 Dec 1903 Alfred Dominicus Pauli (5th
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1904 - 31 Dec 1904 Carl Georg Barkhausen (1st
time) (b. 1848 - d. 1917)
1 Jan 1905 - 31 Dec 1905 Alfred Dominicus Pauli (6th
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1906 - 31 Dec 1906 Carl Georg Barkhausen (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1907 - 31 Dec 1907 Victor Wilhelm Marcus (1st
time) (b. 1848 - d. 1911)
1 Jan 1908 - 31 Dec 1908 Alfred Dominicus Pauli (7th
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1909 - 31 Dec 1909 Victor Wilhelm Marcus (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1910 - 31 Dec 1910 Alfred Dominicus Pauli (8th
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1911 - 31 Dec 1911 Carl Georg Barkhausen (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1912 - 31 Dec 1912 Victor Wilhelm Marcus (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1913 - 31 Dec 1913 Carl Georg Barkhausen (4th
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1914 - 31 Dec 1914 Karl Friedrich Heinrich Stadtländer(b. 1844 - d. 1916)
1 Jan 1915 - 31 Dec 1915 Clemens Carl Buff (1st time) (b. 1853 - d. 1940)
1 Jan 1916 - 31 Dec 1916 Carl Georg Barkhausen (5th
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1917 - 31 Dec 1917 Clemens Carl Buff (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1918 - 10 Jan 1919 Hermann Christian Ferdinand
(b. 1849 - d. 1939) 1919: DDP
Hildebrand
Party abbreviations: DDP = Deutsche
Demokratische Partei (German Democratic Party)
Bremen-Verden
-
![[Flag of Sweden]](se.gif)
- 15 Feb 1645 - 1702; 1704 - 1712
787 Bishopric of Bremen (Hochstift Bremen) founded.
848 - 1072 In personal union with Bishopric of Hamburg.
1072 Archbishopric of Bremen (Erzhstift Bremen).
1180 Bishops of Verden also Prince of the Empire.
1186 Bremen city independent from the Archbishops.
1220 Archbishops of Bremen made Princes of the Empire.
1566 Establishment of Lutheran rule in Bremen and Verden.
1626 - 1631 Verden occupied by the Catholic League.
15 Feb 1645 Bishopric of Verden occupied by Sweden.
24 Oct 1648 Former Archbishopric of Bremen and the adjoining
Bishopric of Verden, Swedish possessions, as the
secular Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden
(Herzogtum Bremen und Fürstentum Verden).
1676 - 1679 Verden occupied by Denmark, Brandenburg, Münster and
Calenberg-Göttingen (Hanover).
7 Sep 1712 - 7 Jun 1715 Occupied by Denmark.
7 Jun 1715 Sold to Hanover.
20 Nov 1719 Incorporated into Hanover.
Apr 1801 - Oct 1801 Occupied by Prussia.
18 Jun 1803 - 26 Oct 1805 Occupied by France.
26 Oct 1805 - 1 Apr 1806 Occupied by Prussia.
12 Nov 1806 Occupied by France.
13 Dec 1810 - 27 Mar 1813 Annexed to France; part of département Bouches-du-Weser.
27 Mar 1813 - 20 Dec 1813 Hanoverian administration.
20 Dec 1813 Re-incorporated into Hanover.
1823 Administrative autonomy abolished.
3 Oct 1866 Annexed to Prussia.
Dukes and Princes
24 Oct 1648 - 20 Nov 1719 the Kings of Sweden
20 Nov 1719 - 13 Dec 1810 the Duke-Electors of Hanover
Governors-general (in Stade)
15 Feb 1645 - 20 Feb 1663 Hans Kristoffer greve von
(b. 1600 - d. 1663)
Königsmarck
(to 18 Jun 1645,
military governor)
1663 - 27 Feb 1666
Gustav Evertsson friherre Horn (b. 1614 - d. 1666)
1668 - 22 Feb 1693
Henrik Henriksson friherre Horn (b. 1618 - d. 1693)
1693 - 1696
Erik Jönsson greve Dahlberg (b.
1625 - d. 1703)
1696 - 1698
Jürgen von Mellin
(b. 1633 - d. 1713)
1698 - 1710
Nils Carlsson greve Gyllenstierna (b. 1648 - d. 1720)
af Fogelvik
1710 - 1712
Mauritz greve Vellingk
(b. 1651 - d. 1727)
1712 - 1715 Jobst von Scholten (b. c.1644 - d. 1721)
(Danish governor)
1715 - 1719
von Rantzow -Commander
Hanoverian Government Commissioner
27 Mar 1813 - 20 Dec 1813 Engelbert Johann von Marschalck
(b. 1766 - d. 1845)
Presidents of the Royal Privy Council for Governing of Bremen and Verden
1715 – 1716 Cord Plato
von Schloen (b. 1661 – d. 1723)
1716 – 1730 Johann Friedrich von Staffhorst (b. 1653 – d. 1730)
1730 - 1739 Vacant
1739 – 1759 Philipp
Adolf von Münchhausen (b. 1694 - d. 1762)
1759 – 1782 Bodo Friedrich
von Bodenhausen (b. 1719 – d. ....)
1782 – 1798 Gotthelf
Dietrich von Ende (b. 1726 – d. 1798)
1798 - 1800 Vacant
1800 – 1810
Christian Ludwig von Hake (b. 1745 – d.
1818)
1810 - 1813 Vacant
1813 – 1823 Engelbert Johann von Marschalck (s.a.)
Bretzenheim
1790
Principality of
Bretzenheim (Fürstentum Bretzenheim).
1801 - 1803 Occupied by France.
27 Apr 1803
Bretzenheim annexed to Hesse-Darmstadt,
but the Prince
is granted the
County of Lindau am
Bodensee in exchange.
14 Mar 1804
Lindau ceded to Austria.
Prince (title Fürst von Bretzenheim [from 1804]
und Graf zu Lindau)
1790 - 14 Mar 1804
Karl August Fürst von Bretzenheim (b. 1768 - d. 1828)
von Regecz
Brixen: see Italian states to 1860
Brunswick (Braunschweig)
![[Brunswick until 1814 (Germany)]](de-bs18c.gif)
bf.1748 - 1814 |
![[Brunswick 1814-1830 (Germany)]](de-bs814.gif)
1814 - 21 Jul 1831 |
![[Duchy of Brunswick 1831-1918 (Germany)]](de-bs830.gif)
21 Jul 1831 - 1918 |
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National Anthem "Heil unserm Herzog, Heil!" (Hail to our Duke, Hail!) |
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955
Bruno I, founder
of the Brunonen dynasty, becomes count
(Graf).
1136
Heinrich "der
Stolze," duke of Bavaria and Saxony, becomes
count.
1180
Heinrich "der
Löwe," duke of Bavaria and Saxony,
becomes duke
(the name Braunschweig [Brunswick] becomes gradually
attached to the
polity).
21 Aug 1235
The polity is officially Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg;
the style of the
ruler is Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg;
in theory, the
entire polity retains this style, as do
all the
rulers despite
the divisions.
1269
Division into
Principality of Brunswick (Fürstentum
Braunschweig) and Principality of Lüneburg.
1286
Fürstentum Grubenhagen (extinct 14 Apr 1596) and Fürstentum
Göttingen detached from Brunswick.
23 Nov 1432
Fürstentum Calenberg detached from Brunswick.
28 Aug 1807 - 30 Oct 1813 Incorporated into Kingdom of Westphalia.
30 Oct 1813 - 6 Nov 1813 Allied administration.
6 Nov 1813
Duchy of Brunswick (Herzogtum Braunschweig).
8 Nov 1918
Free State of Brunswick (see German
states since 1918).
Dukes (title Herzog von Braunschweig und Fürst von Wolffenbütel)
27 Sep 1666 - 26 Jan 1704 Rudolf August
(b. 1627 - d.
1704)
- jointly with -
1685 - 18 Feb 1702
Anton Ulrich (1st time)
(b. 1633 - d. 1714)
26 Jan 1704 - 27 Mar 1714 Anton Ulrich (2nd time)
(s.a.)
27 Mar 1714 - 23 Mar 1731 August Wilhelm
(b. 1662 - d.
1731)
23 Mar 1731 - 1 Mar 1735 Ludwig Rudolf
(b. 1671 - d.
1735)
1 Mar 1735 - 3 Sep 1735 Ferdinand Albrecht
(b. 1680 - d.
1735)
3 Sep 1735 - 26 Mar 1780 Karl I
(b. 1713 - d.
1780)
26 Mar 1780 - 10 Nov 1806 Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand
(b. 1735 - d. 1806)
10 Nov 1806 - 28 Aug 1807 Friedrich Wilhelm
"der schwarze
Herzog" (1st time) (b. 1771 - d. 1815)
Governors
26 Oct 1806 - 1807 P.F.J.G. comte Bisson
(b. 1767 - d.
1811)
1807 Rivaud
6 Nov 1813 - 13 Nov 1813 Ludwig Georg Thedel Graf von
(b. 1769 - d. 1862)
Wallmoden-Gimborn
Dukes (title Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg)
6 Nov 1813 - 16 Jun 1815 Friedrich Wilhelm
"der schwarze
Herzog" (2nd time) (s.a.)
(returns 22 Dec
1813)
13 Nov 1813 - Dec 1813 Johann Elias Olfermann
(b. 1776 - d.
1822)
(Commissioner)
16 Jun 1815 - 20 Apr 1831 Karl II
(b. 1804 - d.
1873)
16 Jun 1815 - 30 Oct 1823 Georg August Friedrich -Regent
(b. 1762 - d. 1830)
20 Apr 1831 - 18 Oct 1884 Wilhelm
(b. 1806 - d.
1884)
(regent to 25
Apr 1831)
Regencies (the ducal line being inhibited by its British
connections)
20 Apr 1884 - 2 Nov 1885 Wilhelm Otto Hans Hermann,
(b. 1819 - d. 1889)
Görtz-Wrisberg,
Graf von Schlitz
(president of
Regency Council)
2 Nov 1885 - 13 Sep 1906 Albrecht, Fürst von
(b. 1837 - d.
1906)
Prussen -Regent
13 Sep 1906 - 5 Jun 1907 Albert von Otto
(b. 1836 - d.
1921)
(president of
Regency Council)
5 Jun 1907 - 1 Nov 1913 Johann Albrecht, Herzog
von
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
-Regent (b. 1857 -
d. 1920)
Duke (title Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg)
1 Nov 1913 - 8 Nov 1918 Ernst August
(b. 1887 - d.
1953)
Aug 1914 - 8 Nov 1918 Viktoria Luise
von Prussen (f) (b. 1892 - d. 1980)
(acting)
Chief Ministers
1721 - 1731
Johann Friedrich von Stain
(b. 1681 - d. 1735)
1731 - 1740
Hieronymus Freiherr von
Münchhausen
1740 - 1744
von Cramm
1744 - 15 Feb 1754
....
15 Feb 1754 - 19 Jul 1773 Heinrich Bernhard Schrader von
(b. 1706 - d. 1773)
Schliestedt
23 Jul 1773 - 1 May 1786 Georg Septimius Andreas von
Praun (b. 1701 - d. 1786)
1786 - 1790
Karl August Freiherr von
(b. 1750 - d. 1822)
Hardenberg
1790 - 10 Nov 1806
....
Chairman of the government commission
27 Dec 1813 - Mar 1814 Karl Friedrich Gebhard
Graf von
der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg
(b. 1763 - d. 1818)
Directing ministers
Mar 1814 - 1815
Karl Friedrich Mens
(b. 1764 - d. 1836)
21 Oct 1815 - 25 Dec 1818 Karl Friedrich Gebhard Graf von
der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg
(s.a.)
25 Dec 1818 - Jan 1820 Vacant
Jan 1820 - 30 Oct 1823 Johann August Ernst
Graf (b. 1758
- d. 1827)
von Alvensleben
30 Oct 1823 - 17 Oct 1826 Wilhelm Justus Eberhard von
(b. 1763 - d. 1831)
Schmidt-Phiseldeck
17 Oct 1826 - 16 Oct 1830 Gottfried Philipp von Bülow
(b. 1770 - d. 1850)
(acting)
16 Oct 1830 - 31 Dec 1832 Werner Graf von Ventheim
(b. 1785 - d. 1860)
Ministers of state
31 Jan 1843 - 16 Mar 1848 Werner Graf von Ventheim
(s.a.)
16 Mar 1848 - 22 Mar 1848 Johann Georg Christian von Koch
(b. 1790 - d. 1861)
22 Mar 1848 - 3 Nov 1856 Wilhelm Johann Karl Heinrich
Freiherr von Schleinitz
(b. 1794 - d.
1856)
3 Nov 1856 - 26 Nov 1861 August von Geyso
(b. 1801 - d.
1861)
1 Dec 1861 - 14 Oct 1874 Asche Burckhard Carl Ferdinand
(b. 1803 - d. 1874)
von Campe
14 Oct 1874 - 1 Oct 1883 Johann Christian Wilhelm Schulz
(b. 1806 - d. 1888)
1 Oct 1883 - 22 Feb 1889 Wilhelm Otto Hans Görtz-Wrisberg
(b. 1819 - d. 1889)
1 Apr 1889 - 1 May 1911 Albert von Otto
(b. 1836 - d.
1921)
1 May 1911 - 15 Jan 1914 Leonhard Christoph Adolf von
(b. 1849 - d. 1914)
Hartwieg
16 Jan 1914 - 8 Nov 1918 Karl Wolff
(b. 1856 - d.
1935)
Buchau
c.770
Abbey of Buchau
(Stift Buchau)
1447
Abbesses also
Princesses of the Empire.
1625
Lordship of Strassberg
acquired.
27 Apr 1803
Secularized and given to Prince of
Thurn und Taxis.
12 Jul 1806
Annexed to Württemburg;
Strassberg to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstinabtissin zu Buchau)
1669 - 1692
Maria-Theresia I von Sultz
1692 - 1693
Maria Franziska II von Waldburg-
Zeil
1693 - 1742
Maria-Theresia II von Montfort
1742 - 1774
Maria Karolina von Königseck-
Rothenfels
1775 - 27 Apr 1803
Maria Maximiliana Esther von (b. 1736
- d. 1818)
Stadion
Prince (title Fürst von Thurn und Taxis, Fürst
zu Buchau)
27 Apr 1803 - 12 Jul 1806 Karl Alexander
(b. 1770 - d.
1827)
Carinthia
(Kärnten): see Austrian
Lands
Carniola (Krain): see Slovenia
Chur (Coire): see Graubünden under Swiss Cantons
Cisrhenian Republic
-
![[Cisrhenian Republic 1797 (Germany)]](de_cisrh.gif)
- 28 Aug 1797 - Nov 1797
occupied territories on left bank of Rhine, including
Trier, Mainz, Cologne, Palatine, Julich, and the Saarland.
18 Oct 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio cedes de facto Rhineland territories
to France.
4 Nov 1797 A French commissioner is appointed to supervise and organize
the territories into départements (not yet considered to be
part of France); Roer, Sarre, Mont Tonnerre, Rhin-et-Moselle
(see under Germany).
9 Feb 1801 By the Treaty of Lunéville the Rhienland is de jure annexed
to France.
30 Jun 1802 Rhine départements become regular départements of France.
Protectors of the Cisrhenian Republic
1797 - 19 Sep 1797
Lazare Hoche
(b. 1768 - d.
1797)
1797 - Nov 1797
Pierre François Charles Augereau (b. 1757 - d. 1816)
Central Bureau (from 15 Sep 1797, Intermediary Commission)
5 Sep 1797 - Nov 1797 Members
- J.N. Becker
- J. Gorres
(b. 1776 - d.
1848)
- J.J. Haan
- H. Wyttenback
- Destez (to Nov
1797)
- Rudler (from
Nov 1797)
- F. Lassaulx
- et.
al.
Commissioners of the Directory
5 Nov 1797 - Feb 1799 François-Joseph
Rudler (b. 1757 - d. 1837)
Mar 1799 - Aug 1799 J.J. Marquis
Aug 1799 - Dec 1799 Joseph Lakanal
(b. 1762 - d. 1845)
Dec 1799 - Oct 1800 Henri Shée
(b. 1739 - d. 1820)
Oct 1800 - Feb 1801 Jean-Baptiste-Moïse
Jollivet (b. 1753 - d. 1818)
Feb 1801 - 23 Sep 1802 André Jean-Bon Saint-André (b. 1749 - d. 1813)
Cologne (Köln) Free City
![[Cologne (Germany)]](de-kov.gif)
1216 Cologne city council (rat) mentioned for first time.
1288
Bishops of Cologne are excluded from city administration.
1358 - 1475
Member of Hanseatic League.
14 Sep 1396
Imperial City of Cologne (Reichsstadt Köln); two "succession
lines" can be distinguished.
26 Oct 1794
Occupied by France.
18 Oct 1797
Ceded to France.
9 Mar 1801
Annexed to France, part of département Roer (see under Germany).
Feb 1814 - 1815
Allied occupation.
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
- Line 1 -
24 Jun 1686 - 24 Jun 1687 Johann Jacob Huigen (1st time)
(d. 1701)
24 Jun 1687 - 24 Jun 1688 Bartholomäus Verhorst (1st
time) (b. 1625 - d. 1690)
24 Jun 1688 - 24 Jun 1689 Johann von Imstenrath (1st time)
(b. 1645 - d. 1711)
24 Jun 1689 - 24 Jun 1690 Hermann von Mylius (1st time)
(b. 1638 - d. 1698)
24 Jun 1690 - 24 Jun 1691 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(b. 1643 - d. 1727)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1691 - 24 Jun 1692 Johann von Imstenrath (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1692 - 24 Jun 1693 Hermann von Mylius (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1693 - 24 Jun 1694 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1694 - 24 Jun 1695 Johann von Imstenrath (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1695 - 24 Jun 1696 Hermann von Mylius (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1696 - 24 Jun 1697 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1697 - 24 Jun 1698 Johann von Imstenrath (4th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1698 - 24 Jun 1699 Hermann von Mylius (4th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1699 - 24 Jun 1700 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1700 - 24 Jun 1701 Johann von Imstenrath (5th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1701 - 24 Jun 1702 Johann Ivo von den Hoevel
(b. 1654 - d. 1711)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1702 - 24 Jun 1703 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Jun 1703 - 24 Jun 1704 Johann von Imstenrath (6th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1704 - 24 Jun 1705 Johann Ivo von den Hoevel
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1705 - 24 Jun 1706 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(6th time)
24 Jun 1706 - 24 Jun 1707 Johann von Imstenrath (7th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1707 - 24 Jun 1708 Johann Ivo von den Hoevel
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1708 - 24 Jun 1709 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(7th time)
24 Jun 1709 - 24 Jun 1710 Johann von Imstenrath (8th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1710 - 24 Jun 1711 Johann Ivo von den Hoevel
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1711 - 24 Jun 1712 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(8th time)
24 Jun 1712 - 24 Jun 1713 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(b. 1647 - d. 1722)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1713 - 24 Jun 1714 Franz de Groote (1st time)
(b. 1661 - d. 1721)
24 Jun 1714 - 24 Jun 1715 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(9th time)
24 Jun 1715 - 24 Jun 1716 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1716 - 24 Jun 1717 Franz de Groote (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1717 - 24 Jun 1718 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(10th time)
24 Jun 1718 - 24 Jun 1719 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1719 - 24 Jun 1720 Franz de Groote (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1719 - 24 Jun 1720 Johann Heinrich von Wintzeler
(b. 1648 - d. 1721)
24 Jun 1720 - 24 Jun 1721 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(11th time)
24 Jun 1721 - 23 Feb 1722 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1721 - 24 Jun 1722 Andreas von Weidenfeldt (1st time)
(b. 1656 - d. 1733)
24 Jun 1722 - 24 Jun 1723 Hermann Joseph von Wedige(1st time)(b.
1668 - d. 1734)
24 Jun 1723 - 24 Jun 1724 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(12th time)
24 Jun 1724 - 24 Jun 1725 Andreas von Weidenfeldt (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1725 - 24 Jun 1726 Hermann Joseph von Wedige(2nd time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1726 - 15 May 1727 Peter Nikolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(13th time)
May 1727 - 24 Jun 1727 Johann Arnold Joseph
von Mylius (b. 1676 - d. 1731)
24 Jun 1727 - 24 Jun 1728 Andreas von Weidenfeldt (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1728 - 24 Jun 1729 Hermann Joseph von Wedige(3rd time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1729 - 24 Jun 1730 Johann Peter von Herwegh (1st time)(b.
1686 - d. 1755)
(1st itme)
24 Jun 1730 - 24 Jun 1731 Andreas von Weidenfeldt (4th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1731 - 24 Jun 1732 Hermann Joseph von Wedige(4th time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1732 - 24 Jun 1733 Johann Peter von Herwegh (2nd time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1733 - 24 Jun 1734 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(d. 1753)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1734 - 16 Jul 1734 Hermann Joseph von Wedige(5th time)(s.a.)
16 Jul 1734 - 24 Jun 1735 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(b. 1687 - d. 1771)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1735 - 24 Jun 1736 Johann Peter von Herwegh (3rd time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1736 - 24 Jun 1737 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1737 - 24 Jun 1738 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1738 - 24 Jun 1739 Johann Peter von Herwegh (4th time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1739 - 24 Jun 1740 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1740 - 24 Jun 1741 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1741 - 24 Jun 1742 Johann Peter von Herwegh (5th time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1742 - 24 Jun 1743 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1743 - 24 Jun 1744 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1744 - 24 Jun 1745 Johann Peter von Herwegh (6th time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1745 - 24 Jun 1746 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Jun 1746 - 24 Jun 1747 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Jun 1746 - 24 Jun 1747 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (1st time)
(b. 1693 - d. 1772)
24 Jun 1747 - 24 Jun 1748 Johann Peter von Herwegh (7th time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1748 - 24 Jun 1749 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(6th time)
24 Jun 1749 - 24 Jun 1750 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(6th time)
24 Jun 1750 - 24 Jun 1751 Johann Peter von Herwegh (8th time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1751 - 24 Jun 1752 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(7th time)
24 Jun 1752 - 24 Jun 1753 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(7th time)
24 Jun 1753 - 24 Jun 1754 Johann Peter von Herwegh (9th time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1754 - 24 Jun 1755 Johann Balthasar Joseph von
(b. 1701 - d. 1775)
Mülheim (1st time)
24 Jun 1754 - 30 Oct 1754 Melchior Rutger von Kerich
(b. 1696 - d. 1754)
1754 - 24 Jun 1755
Johann Heinrich Arnold von Mylius (b. 1709 - d. 1774)
24 Jun 1755 - 24 Jun 1756 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1756 - 24 Jun 1757 Johann Caspar Joseph zum Pütz (b. 1708 - d. 1770)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1757 - 24 Jun 1758 Johann Balthasar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Mülheim (2nd time)
24 Jun 1758 - 24 Jun 1759 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(8th time)
24 Jun 1759 - 24 Jun 1760 Johann Caspar Joseph zum Pütz
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1760 - 24 Jun 1761 Johann Balthasar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Mülheim (3rd time)
24 Jun 1761 - 24 Jun 1762 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(9th time)
24 Jun 1762 - 24 Jun 1763 Johann Caspar Joseph zum Pütz
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1763 - 24 Jun 1764 Johann Balthasar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Mülheim (4th time)
24 Jun 1764 - 24 Jun 1765 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(10th time)
24 Jun 1765 - 24 Jun 1766 Johann Caspar Joseph zum Pütz
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1766 - 24 Jun 1767 Johann Balthasar Joseph von (s.a.)
Mülheim (5th time)
24 Jun 1767 - 24 Jun 1768 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(11th time)
24 Jun 1768 - 1769
Johann Caspar Joseph zum Pütz (s.a.)
(5th time)
1769 - 24 Jun 1769
Evert Joseph von Herweg (d. 1777)
24 Jun 1769 - 24 Jun 1770 Johann Balthasar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Mülheim (6th time)
24 Jun 1770 - 24 Jun 1771 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(12th time)
24 Jun 1771 - 24 Jun 1772 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(b. 1721 - d. 1792)
Groote (1st time)
24 Jun 1772 - 24 Jun 1773 Johann Balthasar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Mülheim (7th time)
24 Jun 1773 - 24 Jun 1774 Franz Caspar Joseph von (b. 1737 - d. 1794)
Herrestorff
(1st time)
24 Jun 1774 - 24 Jun 1775 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(b. 1721 - d. 1792)
Groote (1st time)
24 Jun 1775 - 24 Jun 1776 Johann Arnold Theodor Stattlohn
(b. 1720 - d. 1797)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1776 - 24 Jun 1777 Franz Caspar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Herrestorff
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1777 - 24 Jun 1778 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(s.a.)
Groote (2nd time)
24 Jun 1778 - 24 Jun 1779 Johann Arnold Theodor Stattlohn
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1779 - 24 Jun 1780 Franz Caspar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Herrestorff
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1780 - 24 Jun 1781 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(s.a.)
Groote (3rd time)
24 Jun 1781 - 24 Jun 1782 Johann Arnold Theodor Stattlohn
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1782 - 24 Jun 1783 Franz Caspar Joseph von (s.a.)
Herrestorff
(4th time)
24 Jun 1783 - 24 Jun 1784 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(s.a.)
Groote (4th time)
24 Jun 1784 - 24 Jun 1785 Johann Arnold Theodor Stattlohn
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1785 - 24 Jun 1786 Franz Caspar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Herrestorff
(5th time)
24 Jun 1786 - 24 Jun 1787 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(s.a.)
Groote (5th time)
24 Jun 1787 - 24 Jun 1788 Johann Arnold Theodor Stattlohn
(s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Jun 1788 - 24 Jun 1789 Johann Franz Friedrich von Beywegh
(b. 1730 - d. 1790)
24 Jun 1789 - 24 Jun 1790 Johann Jacob Hermann Joseph von
(b. 1754 - d. 1823)
Wittgenstein (1st
time)
24 Jun 1790 - 24 Jun 1791 Johann Arnold Theodor Stattlohn
(s.a.)
(6th time)
24 Jun 1791 - 24 Jun 1792 Franz Caspar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Herrestorff
(6th time)
24 Jun 1792 - 24 Jun 1793 Johann Jacob Hermann Joseph von
(s.a.)
Wittgenstein (2nd
time)
24 Jun 1793 - 24 Jun 1794 Johann Arnold Theodor Stattlohn
(s.a.)
(7th time)
24 Jun 1794 - 11 Dec 1794 Franz Caspar Joseph von
(s.a.)
Herrestorff
(7th time)
Dec 1794 - 24 Jun 1795 Johann Nicolaus
Dumont
(b. 1743 - d. 1816)
24 Jun 1795 - May 1796 Johann Jacob Hermann
Joseph von (s.a.)
Wittgenstein (3rd
time)
- Line 2 -
24 Jun 1687 - 24 Jun 1688 Johann von Hounthumb (1st time)
(b. 1634 - d. 1698)
24 Jun 1688 - 24 Jun 1689 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1689 - 24 Jun 1690 Johann Jacob Huigen (1st time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1690 - 24 Jun 1691 Johann von Hounthumb (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1691 - 24 Jun 1692 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1692 - 24 Jun 1693 Johann Jacob Huigen (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1693 - 24 Jun 1694 Johann von Hounthumb (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1694 - 24 Jun 1695 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1695 - 24 Jun 1696 Johann Jacob Huigen (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1696 - 24 Jun 1697 Johann von Hounthumb (4th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1697 - 24 Jun 1698 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1698 - 24 Jun 1699 Johann Jacob Huigen (4th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1699 - 24 Jun 1700 Johann Balthasar von Mülheim
(b. 1650 - d. 1702)
24 Jun 1700 - 24 Jun 1701 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Jun 1701 - 6 Oct 1701 Johann Jacob Huigen (5th time)
(s.a.)
Oct 1701 - 24 Jun 1702 Johann zum Pütz
(1st time) (b. 1651 - d.
1708)
24 Jun 1702 - 24 Jun 1703 Johann Arnold von Beywegh
(b. 1659 - d. 1716)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1703 - 24 Jun 1704 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(6th time)
24 Jun 1704 - 24 Jun 1705 Johann zum Pütz (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1705 - 24 Jun 1706 Johann Arnold von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1706 - 24 Jun 1707 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(7th time)
24 Jun 1707 - 24 Jun 1708 Johann zum Pütz (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1708 - 24 Jun 1709 Johann Arnold von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1709 - 24 Jun 1710 Philipp Wilhelm von Möckel
(s.a.)
(8th time)
24 Jun 1710 - 24 Jun 1711 Hendrich von Junckerstorff
(b. 1659 - d. 1716)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1711 - 24 Jun 1712 Johann Arnold von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1712 - 24 Jun 1713 Andreas von Weidenfeldt (1st time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1713 - 24 Jun 1714 Hendrich von Junckerstorff
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1714 - 24 Jun 1715 Johann Arnold von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Jun 1715 - 24 Jun 1716 Andreas von Weidenfeldt (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1716 - 24 Jun 1717 Johann Heinrich von Wintzeler
(s.a.)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1717 - 24 Jun 1718 Theodor Dullmann
(b. 1654 - d.
1720)
24 Jun 1718 - 24 Jun 1719 Andreas von Weidenfeldt (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1719 - 24 Jun 1720 Johann Heinrich von Wintzeler
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1720 - 24 Jun 1721 Johann Peter von Herwegh (1st time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1721 - 24 Jun 1722 Andreas von Weidenfeldt (4th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1722 - 24 Jun 1723 Nicolaus de Groote (1st time)
(b. 1671 - d. 1739)
24 Jun 1723 - 24 Jun 1724 Johann Peter von Herwegh (2nd time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1724 - 24 Jun 1726 Nicolaus de Groote (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1726 - 24 Jun 1727 Johann Peter von Herwegh (3rd time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1727 - 24 Jun 1728 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1728 - 24 Jun 1729 Nicolaus de Groote (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1729 - 24 Jun 1730 Johann Arnold Joseph von Mylius
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1730 - 24 Jun 1731 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1731 - 24 Jun 1732 Nicolaus de Groote (4th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1732 - 24 Jun 1733 Ferdinand Joseph von Beywegh
(b. 1688 - d. 1756)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1733 - 24 Jun 1734 Melchior Rutger von Kerich
(s.a.)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1734 - 24 Jun 1735 Nicolaus de Groote (5th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1735 - 24 Jun 1736 Ferdinand Joseph von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1736 - 24 Jun 1737 Johann Nicolaus von Krufft
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1737 - 24 Jun 1738 Franz Joseph von Herrestorff
(s.a.)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1738 - 24 Jun 1739 Ferdinand Joseph von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1739 - 24 Jun 1740 Melchior Rutger von Kerich
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1740 - 24 Jun 1741 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (1st time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1741 - 24 Jun 1742 Ferdinand Joseph von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1742 - 24 Jun 1743 Melchior Rutger von Kerich
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1743 - 24 Jun 1744 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (2nd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1744 - 24 Jun 1745 Ferdinand Joseph von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Jun 1745 - 24 Jun 1746 Melchior Rutger von Kerich
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1746 - 24 Jun 1747 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (3rd time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1747 - 24 Jun 1748 Ferdinand Joseph von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(6th time)
24 Jun 1748 - 24 Jun 1749 Melchior Rutger von Kerich
(s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Jun 1749 - 24 Jun 1750 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (4th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1750 - 24 Jun 1751 Ferdinand Joseph von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(7th time)
24 Jun 1751 - 24 Jun 1752 Melchior Rutger von Kerich
(s.a.)
(6th time)
24 Jun 1752 - 24 Jun 1753 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (5th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1753 - 24 Jun 1754 Ferdinand Joseph von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(8th time)
24 Jun 1754 - 30 Oct 1754 Melchior Rutger von Kerich
(s.a.)
(7th time)
1754 - 24 Jun 1755
Johann Heinrich Arnold von Mylius (s.a.)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1755 - 24 Jun 1756 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (6th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1756 - 24 Jun 1757 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(s.a.)
Groote (1st time)
24 Jun 1757 - 24 Jun 1758 Johann Heinrich Arnold von Mylius
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1758 - 24 Jun 1759 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (7th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1759 - 24 Jun 1760 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(s.a.)
Groote (2nd time)
24 Jun 1760 - 24 Jun 1761 Johann Heinrich Arnold von Mylius
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1761 - 24 Jun 1762 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (8th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1762 - 24 Jun 1763 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(s.a.)
Groote (3rd time)
24 Jun 1763 - 24 Jun 1764 Johann Heinrich Arnold von Mylius
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1764 - 24 Jun 1765 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (9th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1765 - 24 Jun 1766 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel
(s.a.)
Groote (4th time)
24 Jun 1766 - 24 Jun 1767 Johann Heinrich Arnold von Mylius
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1767 - 24 Jun 1768 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (10th time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1768 - 24 Jun 1769 Maria Franz Jacob Gabriel de
(s.a.)
Groote (5th time)
24 Jun 1769 - 24 Jun 1770 Johann Heinrich Arnold von Mylius
(s.a.)
(5th time)
24 Jun 1770 - 24 Jun 1771 Franz Caspar von Wymmar (11th time)(s.a.)
24 Jun 1771 - 24 Jun 1772 Evert Joseph von Herweg (1st time) (s.a.)
24 Jun 1772 - 24 Jun 1773 Johann Heinrich Arnold von Mylius
(s.a.)
(6th time)
24 Jun 1773 - 24 Jun 1774 Everhard Joseph Melchior zum Pütz
(b. 1714 - d. 1777)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1774 - 24 Jun 1775 Evert Joseph von Herweg (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Jun 1775 - 24 Jun 1776 Johann Nikolaus Ferdinand Joseph (b. 1742 - d. 1786)
von Kerich (1st
time)
24 Jun 1776 - 7 Mar 1777 Everhard Joseph Melchior zum
Pütz (b. 1714 - d. 1777)
24 Jun 1777 - 1777? Evert
Joseph von Herweg (3rd time) (s.a.)
24 Jun 1778 - 24 Jun 1779 Johann Nikolaus Ferdinand Joseph
(s.a.)
von Kerich (2nd
time)
24 Jun 1779 - 24 Jun 1780 Johann Franz Friedrich von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1780 - 24 Jun 1781 Melchior Dietmar von Wittgenstein
(d. 1784)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1781 - 24 Jun 1782 Johann Nikolaus Ferdinand Joseph
(s.a.)
von Kerich (3rd
time)
24 Jun 1782 - 24 Jun 1783 Johann Franz Friedrich von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1783 - 24 Jun 1784 Melchior Dietmar von Wittgenstein
(d. 1784)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1784 - 24 Jun 1785 Johann Nikolaus Ferdinand Joseph
(s.a.)
von Kerich (4th
time)
24 Jun 1785 - 24 Jun 1786 Johann Franz Friedrich von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1786 - 24 Jun 1787 Johann Jacob Hermann Joseph von (s.a.)
Wittgenstein (1st
time)
24 Jun 1787 - 24 Jun 1788 Franz Jacob Joseph von Hilgers
(b. 1745 - d. 1821)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1788 - 24 Jun 1789 Johann Franz Friedrich von Beywegh
(s.a.)
(4th time)
24 Jun 1789 - 24 Jun 1790 Johann Jacob Hermann Joseph von
(s.a.)
Wittgenstein (2nd
time)
24 Jun 1790 - 24 Jun 1791 Franz Jacob Joseph von Hilgers
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1791 - 24 Jun 1792 Reiner Joseph Anton von Klespé
(b. 1744 - d. 1818)
(1st time)
24 Jun 1792 - 24 Jun 1793 Heinrich Josef de Groote (1st time)(b.
1762 - d. 1823)
24 Jun 1793 - 24 Jun 1794 Franz Jacob Joseph von Hilgers
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
24 Jun 1794 - 24 Jun 1795 Reiner Joseph Anton von Klespé
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Jun 1795 - 28 May 1796 Heinrich Josef de
Groote (2nd time)(s.a.)
Mayors
- Line 1 -
28 May 1796 - 23 Jun 1797 Johann Jacob Hermann
Joseph von (s.a.)
Wittgenstein (4th
time)
(president of the municipal administration to 21 Mar 1797)
23 Jun 1797 - 5 Sep 1797 Franz Jacob Joseph
von Hilgers (s.a.)
- Line 2 -
21 Mar 1797 - 23 Jun 1797 Heinrich Josef de
Groote (3rd time)(s.a.)
23 Jun 1797 - 23 Jul 1797 Johann Arnold Theodor Stattlohn
(s.a.)
23 Jul 1797 - 5 Sep 1797 Goswin
Joseph Anton von Heinsberg (b. 1766 - d. 1830)
Presidents of the Magistrate (Präsident des
Magistrats)
5 Sep 1797 - 16 Sep 1797 Maximilian von Kempis (acting)
16 Sep 1797 - 8 Apr 1798 Peter
Josef Zuhoven
Presidents of the Municipality (Präsident der Munizipalität)
9
Apr 1798 - 18 Dec 1798 Johann Baptist Fuchs
(b. 1757 - d. 1827)
18 Dec 1798 - 25 Dec 1799 Gerhard Engelbert Simons (1st time)
Mayors
25 Dec 1799 - 17 Feb 1800 Friedrich Heinrich Herstatt
(1st time)(provisional)
17 Feb 1800 - 30 Apr 1801 Gerhard Engelbert Simons (2nd time)
30 Apr 1801 - 3 Apr 1803 Johann Peter Kramer
Archbishopric of Cologne (Köln)
88
Bishopric of Cologne
(Stift Köln) founded, according to legend.
785
Archbishopric
of Cologne (Erzstift Köln)
1031
Archbishop is
Archchancellor for Italy continuously from
this date.
1257
Archbishop recognized
continuously from this date as elector,
but
loses control
of the city; episcopal residence moved to
Brühl
(1262) then to
Bonn (1273).
25 Dec 1356
Golden Bull codifies Archchancellor office and electoral status.
8 Nov 1794
French occupy Bonn.
18 Oct 1797 Ceded to France.
9 Mar 1801
Territories east of the Rhine annexed to France
part of
the départements Roer and Rhin-et-Moselle (see under Germany).
27 Apr 1803
Final Act (enactment of Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of
25 Feb 1803) abolishes
the Electoral Principality of Cologne.
Feb 1814 - 1815
Allied occupation.
1815
Former territories
annexed to Prussia.
Archbishops¹
19 Jul 1688 - 12 Nov 1723 Joseph Clemens Herzog von Bayern
(b. 1671 - d. 1723)
12 Nov 1723 - 6 Feb 1761 Clemens August Herzog von
Bayern (b. 1700 - d. 1761)
6 Apr 1761 - 15 Apr 1784 Maximilian Friedrich Graf
von (b. 1708 - d. 1784)
Königsegg
und Rotenfels
15 Apr 1784 - 27 Jul 1801 Maximilian Franz Erzherzog von
(b. 1756 - d. 1835)
Österreich
7 Aug 1801 - 4 Dec 1801 Anton Victor Joseph Johann
Raimund (b. 1779 - d. 1835)
Erzherzog von
Österreich
(titular only)
4 Dec 1801 - 27 Apr 1803 Vacant
¹Full title: Archbishop of Cologne and Archchancellor
of the Holy Roman Empire for Italy and Prince-Elector (Erzbischof von
Köln und des Heiligen Römischen Reichs Erzkanzler für Italien
und Kurfürst).
Constance (Konstanz) Bishopric
![[Bishopric of Constance (Konstanz)]](de_trev.gif)
517
Bishopric of Constance
(Hochstift Konstanz)(subordinate to
Besançon,
from the 8th century to Mainz).
1192
Constance city
an Free Imperial City (Reichsstadt Konstanz).
Oct 1526
Seat of Bishopric relocated to Meersburg.
26 Jan 1549
Free Imperial City of Constance annexed to Austria.
27 Apr 1803
Final Act (enactment of Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of
25 Feb 1803) abolishes
the Prince-Bishopric.
26 Dec 1805
Annexed by Baden.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Konstanz)
14 Apr 1698 - 10 Jun 1704 Marquard Rudolf Ritter von Rodt (b. 1644 - d. 1704)
21 Jul 1704 - 12 Jun 1740 Johann Franz II Graf von Schenk (b. 1658 - d. 1740)
von Stauffenberg
12 Jun 1740 - 19 Aug 1753 Damian Hugo Philipp Cardinal
(b. 1676 - d. 1743)
Graf von Schönborn
Bushein
4 Nov 1743 - 29 Aug 1750 Kasimir Anton Freiherr von (b. 1684 - d. 1750)
Sickingen
9 Nov 1750 - 16 Oct 1775 Franz Konrad Kasimir Ignaz von (b. 1706 - d. 1775)
Rodt
14 Dec 1775 - 17 Jan 1800 Maximilian Augustus Christoph (b. 1717 - d. 1800)
Freiherr von Rodt
17 Jan 1800 - 27 Apr 1803 Karl Theodor Antob Maria
(b. 1744 - d. 1817)
Freiherr von Dalberg
Coire: see under Swiss Cantons
Corvey (Korvey)
![[Abbey of Corvey]](de-corv.gif)
822
Benedictine Abbey
of Corvey (Stift Corvey) founded.
6 Aug 1783
Raised to a status of Bishopric.
27 Apr 1803 Mediatized and given to Prince
of Oranje-Nassau as Principality
of Corvey, part of Nassau-Orange-Fulda.
7 Dec 1807
Part of Kingdom of Westphalia.
1813 - 25 May 1815
Allied administration.
25 May 1815
Incorporated into Prussia.
Prince-Abbots (title Fürstäbte zu Corvey)
11 Jul 1696 - 4 Feb 1714 Florenz von Velden
1714 - 4 Dec 1721
Maximilian von Horrich
18 Jan 1722 - 4 Feb 1737 Karl von Pliterdorf
17 Mar 1737 - 21 Jan 1758 Kaspar II von Böselager-Hohneburg
6 Mar 1758 - 28 May 1776 Philipp von Spiegel zum Desenberg
18 Jul 1776 - 6 Aug 1783 Theodor Freiherr von Brabeck (b. 1738 - d. 1794)
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Corvey)
6 Aug 1783 - 25 Oct 1794 Theodor Freiherr von Brabeck (s.a.)
16 Dec 1794 - 19 Mar 1802 Ferdinand Freiherr von Lüning
(b. 1755 - d. 1825)
Croy-Dülmen
![[Croy-Dulmen 1803-1806 (Germany)]](de_croy.gif)
to 1802
Part of the Bishopric of Münster.
28 Nov 1802
Given to the Dukes of Croy-Solre as
County of Croy-Dülmen
(Grafschaft Croy-Dülmen).
12 Jul 1806
Part of Duchy of Arenberg.
13 Dec 1810
Annexed to France.
1813 - 25 May 1815
Allied administration.
25 May 1815
Incorporated into Prussia.
Counts (title Graf zu Croy-Dülmen)
28 Nov 1802 - 16 Dec 1803 Anne Emmanuel
(b. 1743 - d. 1803)
16 Dec 1803 - 12 Jul 1806 August
(b. 1765 - d.
1822)
Cuyk: see under Netherlands
Disentis: see under Swiss Cantons
Dombes: see under France
Dorpat Bishopric: see under Estonia
Dortmund
![[Dortmund free city (Germany) flag]](de-nw-do.gif)
c.880 First mentioned as Throtmanni.
1 May 1220
Imperial Free City of Dortmund (Dortmund Freie Reichsstadt),
from 1295 led by a Proconsules, from 1319 a
Bürgermeister.
1343
Half of the County of Dortmund sold to the free city; the city
aquires the remainder with death of the last count
in 1504.
13th cent.
Member of Hanseatic League (Freie Reichs und Hansestadt Dortmund).
1 Oct 1802 Given to Prince
of Oranje-Nassau as County of Dortmund part of
Nassau-Orange-Fulda.
1806 - 1 Mar 1808 Occupied by France.
1 Mar 1808 Annexed to Grand Duchy of Berg.
1 Jan 1811 Annexed to France.
1813 - 1815 Allied (Prussian) occupation.
25 May 1815
Annexed by Prussia.
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
1698 - 22 Feb 1803
....
22 Feb 1803 - 30 Jun 1803 Kaspar Heinrich Schäffer
1 Mar 1808 - 7 Feb 1812 Johann Arnold Caspar Brügmann (b. 1750 - d. 1815)
17 Mar 1812 - 1832 Franz Mallinckrodt
(b. 1760 - d. 1832)
Drei Bünde (The Three Leagues): see Graubünden under Swiss Cantons
East Frisia
![[East Frisia (Lower Saxony, Germany)]](de-efrij.gif)
19 Nov 1430
Frisian League of Freedom (Friesischer Bund der Freiheit)
founded.
23 Dec 1464
The leader of the League takes the style Graf zu Norden,
Emden und Emisgonien
in Ostfriesland; the abbreviation Graf
von Ostfriesland (Count of East Frisia) is in almost universal
official use.
28 Apr 1662
The count takes the style Fürst von Ostfriesland (prince of
East Frisia) -
it had been held as a personal distinction
once
before - and the
polity is styled Fürstentum Ostfriesland
(Principality
of East Frisia); this style is officially
acquired, not
by formal adoption, but by prescription
(Observanz und Verjährung).
7 Jul 1807
East Frisa, Kniphausen (Knyphausen) and Jever ceded
to France by Prussia
and Russia respectively.
11 Nov 1807
Incorporated into Kingdom of Holland to form
the département Oost-Friesland (which includes East Frisia,
Jever, and Kniphausen).
1 Jan 1811
Incorporated into France as département
Ems-Oriental.
8 Nov 1813 - Nov 1813 Occupied by
Russia.
Nov 1813 - 9 Jun 1815 Under Prussian
administration.
9 Jun 1815
Incorporated into Hanover.
Princes (title Fürst von Ostfriesland)
18 Apr 1662 - 6 Jun 1665 Georg Christian
(b. 1634 - d.
1665)
6 Jun 1665 - 1690
Christine Charlotte Herzogin von (b. 1645 - d. 1699)
Württemberg
(f) -Regent
- jointly with
-
6 Jun 1665 - 1 Jan 1668 Edzard Ferdinand -Regent
(b. 1636 - d. 1668)
11 Oct 1665 - 30 Jun 1708 Christian Eberhard
(b. 1665 - d.
1708)
30 Jun 1708 - 12 Jun 1734 Georg Albrecht
(b. 1690 - d.
1734)
12 Jun 1734 - 25 May 1744 Karl Edzard
(b. 1716 - d.
1744)
25 May 1744 - 7 Jul 1807 the kings of
Prussia
Prussian Commissioners
1744 - 28 Apr 1748 Caspar Heinrich Bügel (d. 1748)
1748 - 15 Jun 1751 Carl Daniel Lentz
Kammerpräsidenten
15 Jun 1751 - Nov 1767 Carl Daniel Lentz
Nov 1767 - Jun 1768 Ernst Bogislov von Wegnern
Jun 1768 - 1797 Peter von Colomb
(d. 1797)
1797 - Oct 1803
Friedrich Karl Heinrich Graf von (d. 1805)
Schwerin (1st time)
Oct 1803 - 20 Nov 1804
Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp
Freiherr von Vincke
(b. 1774 - d.
1844)
1804 - 29 May 1805 Friedrich Karl Heinrich Graf von (s.a.)
Schwerin (2nd time)
1805 - 25 Oct 1806
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von (b. 1757 - d. 1832)
Bernuth
Governors (subordinated to the governors-general of Westphalia)
Oct 1806 - 24 Nov 1806 Broux
24 Nov 1806 - 1 Jun 1807 Henri Damas Bonhomme
(b. 1747 - d. 1826)
1 Jun 1807 - 13 Jun 1807 Pitcaire (acting)
Commissioner-general
13 Jun 1807 - 5 Feb 1808 Johan Frederik Rudolph van Hoof (b. 1755 - d. 1816)
Landdrost
5 Feb 1808 - 22 Dec 1808 Godert Alexander Gerard Philip
(b. 1778 - d. 1848)
van der Capellen
22 Dec 1808 - 25 Feb 1811 Willem Queysen (arrived 1 Jan 1809)(b.
1754 - d. 1817)
Prefect
25 Feb 1811 - 8 Nov 1813 Sébastien Louis Joseph
Jannesson (b. 1779 - d. 1864)
(arrived 1 Mar 1811)
Military governor
8 Nov 1813 - Nov 1813 Kirill Mikhailovich Naryshkin
Landesdirektor
Nov 1813 - 16 Dec 1815 Johann Friedrich
Wilhelm von (s.a.)
Bernuth
Chancellor
27 Jun 1744 - 20 May 1761 Sebastian Anton von Homfeld (b. 1689 - d. 1761)
Regierungspräsidenten
11 Oct 1751 - 1785 Christoph Friedrich von Derschau (b. 1714 - d. 1799)
1785 - 1793
Friedrich Wilhelm von Benicke (b. 1752
- d. 1793)
1793 - 1806 Reinhard Friedrich von
Schlechtendahl
Ebringen: see Saint Gall under Swiss Cantons
Eichstätt
22 Oct 741
Bishopric of Eichstätt (Hochstift Eichstätt)
908
Bishops also Princes
of the Empire.
29 Nov 1802
Occupied by Bavaria.
27 Apr 1803
Annexed to Bavaria.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Eichstätt)
16 Jan 1697 - 6 Dec 1704 Johann Martin Ritter von Eyb (b. 1630 - d. 1704)
9 Feb 1705 - 27 Apr 1725 Johann Anton I Freiherr von Knebel (b. 1646 - d. 1725)
von Katzenelnbogen
3 Jul 1725 - 19 Sep 1736 Franz Ludwig Freiherr von Schenk (b. 1671 - d. 1736)
von Castell
5 Dec 1736 - 30 Apr 1757 Johann Anton II Freiherr von (b. 1674 - d. 1757)
Fryberg-Hoperferau
5 Jul 1757 - 13 Jan 1781 Raimund Anton Graf von Strasoldo (b. 1718 - d. 1781)
27 Mar 1781 - 23 Jun 1790 Johann Anton III Freiherr von (b. 1715 - d. 1790)
Zehmen
21 Sep 1790 - 29 Nov 1802 Joseph Graf von Stubenberg (b. 1740 - d. 1824)
Einsiedeln: see Schwyz under Swiss Cantons
Elchingen
1128
Benedictine Abbey
of Elchingen (Stift Elchingen)
27 Apr 1803
Annexed to Bavaria.
Abbot Prince-Provosts (title Reichsäbte und Pröpste zu
Elchingen)
1685 - 1706
Meinrad Hummel
1706 - 1740
Coelestin Riederer
1740 - 1763
Amandus Schindele
21 Apr 1763 - 16 Feb 1766 Gregor Pfeifer
6 Mar 1766 - 1793
Robert I Kolb
1793 - 1801
Paul II Groebl
31 Aug 1801 - 1803
Robert II Plersch
Nominal Duke
6 Jun 1808 - Oct 1813 Michel Ney
(b. 1769 - d.
1815)
(from 25 Mar 1813,
prince de la Moskova)
Ellwangen
![[Abbey of Ellwangen]](de-ellw.gif)
764
Benedictine Abbey
of Ellwangen (Stift Ellwangen)
1215
Abbots become
princes of the Empire.
1460
Converted into
a college of secular canons.
27 Apr 1803
Incorporated to Württemberg.
Prince-Provosts (title Fürstpropst
zu Ellwangen)
22 Aug 1689 - 4 May 1694 Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg (b. 1660 - d. 1694)
8 Jun 1694 - 18 Apr 1732 Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg (b. 1664 - d. 1732)
1732 - 18 Jan 1756
Franz Georg Reichsgraf von (b. 1682 - d. 1756)
Schönborn-Buchheim
8 Sep 1756 - 25 Feb 1787 Anton Ignaz Reichsgraf von Fugger- (b. 1711 - d. 1787)
Glött
1787 - 27 Apr 1803
Clemens Wenzeslaus von Sachsen (b. 1739 - d. 1812)
Engelberg: see under Swiss Cantons
Erfurt
1250
Free Imperial
City
1430
Member of Hanseatic League.
1 Apr 1632 - Sep 1635 Swedish occupation.
Dec 1636 - Aug 1650 Swedish occupation.
12 Oct 1664
Incorporated into Mainz.
21 Aug 1802
Annexed to Prussia.
17 Oct 1806
Occupied by France.
4 Aug 1807
Annexed to
France as "a domain reserved for the
emperor"
6 Jan 1814 - 21 Jun 1815 Occupied by Prussia
7 May 1814
Last French troops depart.
21 Jun 1815
Annexed to Prussia.
28 Sep 1815
Some lands (Blankenheiner) ceded to
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
Governor
2 Oct 1631 - 1 Apr 1632 Wilhelm Herzog von Sachsen,
(b. 1598 - d. 1662)
Fürst zu
Weimar
Swedish City Commandants
1 Apr 1632 - 1634
Alexander Freiherr Erskein
(b. 1598 - d. 1656)
1634 - 1637 ....
1637 - 1640
Christoph Heinrich von Goltz (b. 1599 - d.
1643)
1640 - 1648
Caspar Ermes (b. 1592 - d. 1648)
1648 - Aug 1650 ....
Mayors (Bürger und Ratsmeister)
1650 - 1654 Johann Balhöfer
1654 - 1664 ...
Statthalter
12 Oct 1664 - 1667
Philipp Ludwig Freiherr von
(b. c.1615 - d. 1686)
Reiffenberg
1667 - 1674 Friedrich von Greiffenclau
zu Vollraths
1675
Johann Heinrich Daniel Ritter zu
Groenestein
1675 - 1679 Anselm Franz Freiherr von (b. 1634 - d. 1695)
Ingelheim
1679 - 1697 Johann
Jakob Waldbott von (b. 16. - d. 1697)
Bassenheim
1699 - 1702 Gottlieb Philipp Joseph Faust von (b. 16.. - d. 1702)
Stromberg
1702 - 1717
Philipp Wilhelm Reichsgraf von (b. 1656 -
d. 1717)
Boineburg
1717 - 1732
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von (b. 1679 - d. 1760)
Bricken
16 Feb 1732 - 26 Apr 1760 Anselm Franz Ernst Freiherr von (b. 1680 - d. 1760)
Warsberg
1760 - 1763 Vacant
1763 - 20 Jan 1766 Karl Joseph Adolf Lukas Freiherr (b. 1717 - d. 1766)
Schenk von Schmidtburg
20 Jan 1766 - 1776
Karl Wilhelm Joseph Adam Freiherr (b. 1714 - d. 1770)
von Breidbach zu Bürresheim
1776 - 21 Aug 1802
Karl Theodor Anton Maria Freiherr (b. 1744 - d. 1817)
von Dalberg
Prussian governor
21 Aug 1802 - 1806 Leopold Alexander von Wartesleben (b. 1745 - d. 1822)
French Military governors
16 Oct 1806 - 26 Oct 1806 Henry Jacques Guillaume
Clarke (b. 1765 - d. 1818)
26 Oct 1806 - 2 Nov 1806 Pierre Thouvenot
(b. 1757 - d. 1817)
2 Nov 1806 - 180. Jean-Philippe
Dorsner (b. 1750 - d. 1829)
8 May 1807 - 8 Jul 1808 Etienne Brouard
(b. 1765 - d. 1833)
7 Sep 1808 - 24 Apr 1809 Victor Oudinot, duc de Reggio (b. 1767 - d. 1847)
1809 - 18.. Antoine-Jean-Baptiste du Bosc (b. 1760 - d. 1851)
Dutaillis
Imperial Commissioner - Intendant (Commissaire Impérial-Intendant du pays
d'Erfurt et de Blankenhayn)
16 Oct 1806 - 1813 Pierre Jean Louis de Vismes (b. 1772 - d. 1826)
Commanders of Fortified Town of Erfurt
19 Jul 1812 - Aug 1812 François-Joseph-Pamphile Lacroix (b. 1774 - d. 1841)
1 Feb 1813 - 13 Jul 1813 Pierre Doucet
(b. 1761 - d. 1834)
13 Jul 1813 - 7 May 1814 Alexandre, comte d'Alton (b. 1776 - d. 1859)
Essen
c.850
Benedictine Abbey
of Essen (Stift Essen)
1661
Abbesses made
Princesses of the Empire.
Aug 1802
Occupied by Prussia.
27 Apr 1803
Annexed to Prussia.
23 Aug 1806 - 3 Nov 1806 Joint condominium of Prussia
and Berg.
3 Nov 1806
Annexed to Berg.
13 Nov 1813 - 25 May 1815 Allied administration.
25 May 1815
Restored to Prussia.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstinabtissin zu Essen)
(1726-1795 also princess-abbesses of Thorn)
4 Nov 1688 - 15 Mar 1691 Anna Salome II Gräfin
von Manderscheid- (b. 1628 - d. 1691)
Blankenheim
5 Apr 1691 - 14 Aug 1726 Bernhardine Sophia Gräfin
von (b. 1654 - d. 1726)
Ostfrisland und
Rietberg
15 Oct 1726 - 16 Jul 1776 Franziska Christine Pfalzgräfin
(b. 1696 - d. 1776)
von Sulzbach
16 Jul 1776 - Aug 1802 Maria Kunigunde
Herzogin von Sachsen (b. 1749 - d. 1826)
President of the Berg-Prussia Government Commission
23 Aug 1806 - 3 Nov 1806 Graf von Westerholt
Etival: see under France provinces
©2000 Ben Cahoon