Provinces of The Netherlands

               Adopted 19 Feb 1947

943                        County of Drenthe
1046                       Part of Utrecht.
1522                       Part of Gelderland.
23 Jul 1594                Province of Drenthe
 1 Jan 1796                Batavian département Drenthe.
23 Apr 1798                Drenthe merged with Overijssel to form
                             the département Ouden Ijssel.
 8 May 1807                Département Landschap van Drenthe.
 9 Jul 1810                Annexed to French département Ems-Occidental
                             (see under Groningen).
1814                       Province of Drenthe (restored).

Stadholders 
23 Jul 1594 - 31 May 1620  Willem Lodewijk graaf von Nassau-  (b. 1560 - d. 1620)
                             Dillenburg
31 May 1620 - 23 Apr 1625  Maurits prince d'Orange            (b. 1567 - d. 1625)
23 Apr 1625 -  4 Jun 1632  Ernst Kasimir graaf von Nassau-    (b. 1573 - d. 1632)
                             Diez
 4 Jun 1632 - 12 Jul 1640  Hendrik Kasimir I graaf von Nassau (b. 1612 - d. 1640)
                             Diez
12 Jul 1640 - 14 Mar 1647  Frederik Hendrik prince d'Orange   (b. 1584 - d. 1647)
14 Mar 1647 -  6 Nov 1650  Willem II prince d'Orange          (b. 1626 - d. 1650)
 6 Nov 1650 - 21 Oct 1664  Willem Frederik graaf von Nassau-  (b. 1613 - d. 1664)
                             Diez
21 Oct 1664 - 1674         Vacant
1674 - 15 Mar 1696         Hendrik Kasimir II                 (b. 1657 - d. 1696)
1674 - 18 Jan 1677         Albertina van Oranje-              (b. 1634 - d. 1696)
                             Nassau -Regent
15 Mar 1696 - 19 Mar 1702  Willem III                         (b. 1650 - d. 1702)
19 Mar 1702 - 1718         Vacant
1718 - 22 Oct 1751         Willem IV Karel Hendrik Friso      (b. 1711 - d. 1751)
1711 -  9 Apr 1731         Marie Luise von Hessen-            (b. 1688 - d. 1765)
                             Kassel -Regent
22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795  Willem V Batavus                   (b. 1748 - d. 1806)
22 Oct 1751 - 12 Jan 1759  Anna von Braunschweig-             (b. 1709 - d. 1759)
                             Lüneburg -Regent
12 Jan 1759 -  9 Apr 1765  Marie Luise von Hessen-            (s.a.)
                             Kassel -Regent
 9 Apr 1765 -  8 Mar 1766  Carolina von Nassau-Diez -Regent   (b. 1743 - d. 1787)
Administrators
16 Feb 1795 -  8 May 1807  ....
Landdrost
 8 May 1807 -  1 Jan 1810  Petrus Hofstede                    (b. 1755 - d. 1839)
 1 Jan 1810 - 1811         Jan Adriaan, baron van Zuylen van  (b. 1776 - d. 1840)
                             Nijevelt
Governors
Apr 1814 - 25 Aug 1831     Petrus Hofstede                    (s.a.)
12 Apr 1832 -  1 Jan 1840  Daniel Jacob van Ewijck, heer van  (b. 1786 - d. 1858)
                             Oostbroek en de Bilt
1840                       Joan Derk graaf van Rechteren tot  (b. 1799 - d. 1886)
                             Ahnem
1840 -  5 May 1842         François van Harencarspel Eckhardt (b. 1784 - d. 1842)
 1 Aug 1842 -  1 Apr 1846  Lodewijk Napoleon graaf van        (b. 1807 - d. 1891)  Con
                             Randwijck
 1 Apr 1846 - 1850         Jan Arend Godert baron de Vos van  (b. 1799 - d. 1872)
                             Steenwijk van den Havixhorst
King's/Queen's Commissioners
1850 - 1866                Jan Arend Godert baron de Vos van  (s.a.)
                             Steenwijk van den Havixhorst
16 Sep 1866 -  2 Feb 1868  Hubert Alexander Maurits Asch      (b. 1815 - d. 1868)  ARP
                             van Wijck
 1 Mar 1868 - 12 May 1875  Joan Lodewijk Gerhard Gregory      (b. 1808 - d. 1891)  ARP
12 May 1875 - 27 May 1885  Johannes van Kuyk                  (b. 1819 - d. 1885)  Con
19 Jun 1885 - Jun 1888     Cornelis Pijnacker Hordijk         (b. 1847 - d. 1908)  Lib
16 Jul 1888 -  1 Dec 1903  Jonkheer Petrus Johannes van       (b. 1842 - d. 1911)  VAR
                             Swinderen
 1 Jan 1904 -  1 Oct 1917  Johannes Linthorst Homan           (b. 1844 - d. 1926)  Lib
 1 Oct 1917 -  1 Nov 1931  Jan Tijmen Linthorst Homan         (b. 1873 - d. 1932)  Lib
 1 Nov 1931 - 1940         Reint Hendrik baron de Vos van     (b. 1885 - d. 1964)  LSP
                             Steenwijk (1st time)
Provincial Commissioners
1940 - 1943                Reint Hendrik baron de Vos van     (s.a.)               LSP
                             Steenwijk
1943 - 1945                Jan Liebe Bouma                                         NSB
German Plenipotentiaries
1940                       Kurt Hartong 
29 Jul 1940 - 1941         Robert Thiel 
22 Oct 1941 - 1944         Heinrich Sellmer 
 1 Jun 1944 - 1945         Adolf Brandes 
King's/Queen's Commissioners
1945 - 16 Jul 1951         Reint Hendrik baron de Vos van     (s.a.)               PvdV/VVD
                             Steenwijk (2nd time)
16 Jul 1951 -  1 Mar 1964  Jaap Cramer                        (b. 1899 - d. 1998)  PvdA
 1 Mar 1964 -  1 Oct 1974  Karel Hendrik Gaarlandt            (b. 1909 - d. 1985)  PvdA
 1 Nov 1974 -  1 Oct 1982  Albertine "Tineke" Petronella      (b. 1921)            PvdA
                             Schilthuis (f) 
 1 Oct 1982 -  1 Dec 1988  Adriaan Pieter Oele                (b. 1923)            PvdA
 1 Jan 1989 -  1 Jan 1993  Wim Meijer                         (b. 1939)            PvdA
 1 Jan 1993 - 22 Aug 1994  Margaretha "Margreeth" de Boer (f) (b. 1939)            PvdA
 1 Jan 1995 -              Aurelus "Relus" Louis ter Beek     (b. 1944)            PvdA

                 Adopted 9 Jan 1986

 1 Jan 1986                Flevoland province created from the main body of the land
                             reclaimed from the former Zuiderzee, which was
                             enclosed by the Enclosure Dam of 1932.

Queen's commissioners
 1 Jan 1986 -  1 Oct 1996  Johannes Christiaan Jan "Han"      (b. 1931 - d. 2000)   PvdA
                             Lammers
16 Oct 1996 -              Michel Jean Emile Marie Jager      (b. 1944)             D66

  Adopted 1895; Official from 9 Jul 1957

c.839                      County of (West) Friesland
1090 - 1165                Imperial administration.
1165                       Joint condominium of Holland and Utrecht.
1493 - 25 Oct 1555         Imperial administration.
11 Jun 1580                Province of West Friesland
 1 Jan 1796                Batavian département Friesland.
23 Apr 1798                Merged with Groningen to form département Eems
                             (see Groningen).
19 Sep 1801                Abolition of département of Eems, département
                             Friesland (restored).
 9 Jul 1810                French département Frise.
1814                       Province of Friesland; end of French rule.

Stadholders 
11 Jun 1580 - 10 Jul 1584  Willem I de Zwijger (der Schweiger (b. 1533 - d. 1584))
                             gaf von Nassau, prince d'Orange
10 Jul 1584 - 31 May 1620  Willem Lodewijk graaf von Nassau-  (b. 1560 - d. 1620)
                             Dillenburg 
31 May 1620 -  4 Jun 1632  Ernst Kasimir graaf von Nassau-    (b. 1573 - d. 1632)
                             Diez 
 4 Jun 1632 - 12 Jul 1640  Hendrik Kasimir I                  (b. 1612 - d. 1640)
12 Jul 1640 - 21 Oct 1664  Willem Frederik graf von Nassau-   (b. 1613 - d. 1664)
                             Diez 
21 Oct 1664 - 15 Mar 1696  Hendrik Kasimir II                 (b. 1657 - d. 1696)
21 Oct 1664 - 18 Jan 1677  Albertina van Oranje-Nassau -Regent(b. 1634 - d. 1696)
15 Mar 1696 - 14 Jul 1711  Johan Willem Friso                 (b. 1687 - d. 1711)
15 Mar 1696 -  4 Aug 1707  Amalia von Anhalt -Regent          (b. 1666 - d. 1726)
14 Jul 1711 -  1 Sep 1712  Vacant
 1 Sep 1712 - 22 Oct 1751  Willem IV Karel Hendrik Friso      (b. 1711 - d. 1751)
14 Jul 1711 -  9 Apr 1731  Marie Luise von Hessen-            (b. 1688 - d. 1765)
                             Kassel -Regent
22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795  Willem V Batavus                   (b. 1748 - d. 1806)
22 Oct 1751 - 12 Jan 1759  Anna von Braunschweig-             (b. 1709 - d. 1759)
                             Lüneburg -Regent
12 Jan 1759 -  9 Apr 1765  Marie Luise von Hessen-            (s.a.)
                             Kassel -Regent
 9 Apr 1765 -  8 Mar 1766  Carolina von Nassau-Diez -Regent   (b. 1743 - d. 1787)
Pensionaries of the Council of Friesland
27 May 1689 -  9 Jan 1795  the Pensionaries of Holland
Administrators
 9 Jan 1795 -  7 Feb 1795  Triumvirate
                           - Daam Fockema                     (b. 1771 - d. 1855)
                           - Eduard Marius van Beyma          (b. 1755 - d. 1835)
                           - Thomas Joha                      (b. 1750 - d. 1812)
 7 Feb 1795 - 19 Feb 1795  Hermannus Borgrink                 (b. 1738 - d. 1803)
                           (chairman of the Provincial Revolutionary Committee)
10 Feb 1795 - 30 May 1795  ....
                           (Provisional Representative of the
                             People of Friesland)
30 May 1795 - 1798         ....
1801 -  8 May 1807         ....
Landdrost 
 8 May 1807 - Feb 1811     Regnerus Livius van Andringa de    (b. 1752 - d. 1813)
                             Kempenaer
Prefect
1811 - 13 Dec 1813         Jan Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen
Commissarissen-generaal
 2 Dec 1813 - 29 Apr 1814  Ennius Harmen Bergsma              (b. 1755 - d. 1828)
                           + Hector van Sminia                (b. 1763 - d. 1816) 
Governors
29 Apr 1814 - 1826         Idsert Aebinga van Humalda         (b. 1754 - d. 1834)
 3 Nov 1826 - 29 Mar 1840  Jan Adriaan baron van Zuylen van   (b. 1766 - d. 1840)  Ind
                             Nijevelt
12 Sep 1840 - 15 Jul 1848  Maurits Pico Diederik baron van    (b. 1789 - d. 1848)  Ind
                             Sytzama
 1 Dec 1848 -  1 Aug 1850  Jan Ernst Jonkheer van Panhuys     (b. 1808 - d. 1878)  Lib
King's/Queen's Commissioners
 1 Aug 1850 -  9 Jun 1878  Jan Ernst Jonkheer van Panhuys     (s.a.)               Lib
                            (from 12 May 1874 Jan Ernst baron van Panhuys)
 1 Sep 1878 -  1 Sep 1909  Binnert Philip baron van Harinxma  (b. 1839 - d. 1923)  Lib
                             thoe Slooten
 1 Sep 1909 - 1940         Pieter Albert Vincent baron van    (b. 1870 - d. 1954)  Ind
                             Harinxma thoe Slooten
Provincial Commissioner
1940 - 1945                Pieter Albert Vincent baron van    (s.a.)               Ind
                             Harinxma thoe Slooten
German Plenipotentiaries
 7 Jun 1940 - 1940         Hermann Conring
1940 - 1945                Werner Friedrich Ross
King's/Queen's Commissioners
1945 - 19 Nov 1945         Pieter Albert Vincent baron van    (s.a.)               Ind
                             Harinxma thoe Slooten
May 1945 - Nov 1945        A.W. Haan (acting)                                      Ind
 1 Dec 1945 -  1 Jun 1970  Henri "Harry" Pieter Linthorst     (b. 1905 - d. 1989)  VVD
                             Homan
16 Jun 1970 - 16 Jun 1982  Hedzer Rijpstra                    (b. 1919)            CHU/CDA
16 Jun 1982 -  1 Feb 1994  Hans Wiegel                        (b. 1941)            VVD
25 Apr 1994 -  2 Aug 1998  Louis "Loek" Lucie Henri Alphonse  (b. 1951)            VVD
                             Hermans 
 1 Jan 1999 -              Eduardus "Ed" Hermannus Theresia   (b. 1950)            VVD
                             Nijpels 

               Adopted 13 Apr 1953

1079                       County of Gelderland
 1 Aug 1317                Principality of Gelderland.
19 Mar 1339                Duchy of Gelderland
Mar 1579                   Province of Gelderland
 1 Jan 1796                Batavian département Gelderland.
23 Apr 1798                Gelderland merged with part of Utrecht and County 
                             of Zutphen to create département Rijn (Rhine). 
19 Sep 1801                Renamed département Gelderland.
 9 Jul 1810                French département Yssel-Supérieur (Upper-Yssel).
1814                       Province of Gelderland (restored).

Stadholders 
23 Jan 1579 - Jul 1580     Johan graaf von Nassau-Dillenburg  (b. 1535 - d. 1606)
1581 - 1583                Willem graaf van den Bergh         (b. 1537 - d. 1586)
1583 - 1585                Willem van 's-Heerenberg-Bosmeer
1585 - Oct 1589            Adolf von Neuenahr-Moers           (b. 1545 - d. 1589)
1589 - 23 Apr 1625         Maurits graaf van Nassau prince    (b. 1567 - d. 1625)
                             d'Orange 
23 Apr 1625 - 14 Mar 1647  Frederik Hendrik                   (b. 1584 - d. 1647)
14 Mar 1647 -  6 Nov 1650  Willem II                          (b. 1626 - d. 1650)
 6 Nov 1650 - 1675         Vacant
1675 - 1702                Willem III                         (b. 1650 - d. 1702)
1702 - 1722                Vacant
1722 - 22 Oct 1751         Willem IV Karel Hendrik Friso      (b. 1711 - d. 1751)
1722 -  9 Apr 1731         Marie Luise von Hessen-            (b. 1688 - d. 1765)
                             Kassel -Regent
22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795  Willem V Batavus                   (b. 1748 - d. 1806)
22 Oct 1751 - 12 Jan 1759  Anna von Braunschweig-             (b. 1709 - d. 1759)
                             Lüneburg -Regent
12 Jan 1759 -  9 Apr 1765  Marie Luise von Hessen-            (s.a.)
                             Kassel -Regent
 9 Apr 1765 -  8 Mar 1766  Carolina von Nassau-Diez -Regent   (b. 1743 - d. 1787)
Administrators 
16 Feb 1795 -  8 May 1807  ....
Landdrost
 8 May 1807 - 14 Nov 1807  Gerrit Willem Joseph, baron van    (b. 1758 - d. 1837)
                             Lamswerde
14 Nov 1807 -  1 Jan 1811  Johan Arend de Vos van Steenwijk   (b. 1746 - d. 1813)
1810 - Feb 1811            Verstolk van Soelen
Prefect 
Feb 1811 -  1 Dec 1813     Regnerus Livius van Andringa de    (b. 1752 - d. 1813)
                             Kempenaer
Governors
1814 - 1825                Jan Carel Elias graaf van Lijnden  (b. 1770 - d. 1825)
1825 - 1846                Willem Hendrik Alexander Carel     (b. 1771 - d. 1847)
                             baron van Heeckeren van Kell
 1 Apr 1846 - Oct 1846     Lodewjik Naopleon graaf van        (b. 1807 - d. 1891)  Con
                             Randwijck
1846 - 1847                Derk Willem Gerhard Johan Hendrik  (b. 1802 - d. ....)
                             baron Brantsen van de Zijp
                             (acting)
 1 Oct 1847 -  1 Aug 1850  Willem Anne baron Schimmelpenninck (b. 1800 - d. 1872)  Con-Lib
                              van der Oije 
King's/Queen's Commissioners
 1 Aug 1850 -  1 Jan 1853  Willem Anne baron                  (s.a.)               Con-Lib
                             Schimmelpenninck van der Oije 
 1 Jan 1853 -  1 Jun 1880  Louis Gaspard Adrien graaf van     (b. 1802 - d. 1884)  Lib
                             Limburg Stirum
 1 Jun 1880 -  5 Jan 1909  Johan Hendrik Mello baron van      (b. 1840 - d. 1909)
                             Mollerus van Westkerke
 1 Aug 1909 - 16 Apr 1925  Jonkheer Schelto van Citters       (b. 1865 - d. 1942)  ARP
16 Apr 1925 - 1940         Schelto baron van Heemstra         (b. 1879 - d. 1960)  ARP
                             (1st time)
Provincial Commissioner
1940 - 19 Sep 1944         Schelto baron van Heemstra         (s.a.)               ARP
German Plenipotentiary
 7 Jun 1940 - 1945         Emil Schneider 
King's/Queen's Commissioners
May 1945 - 1945            Gerardus Wilhelmus Josephus van    (b. 1882 - d. 1962)
                             Koeverden (acting) 
Jul 1945 -  1 Jan 1946     Schelto baron van Heemstra         (s.a.)               ARP
                             (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1946 -  1 Jan 1957  Cypriaan Gerard Carel Quarles van  (b. 1891 - d. 1985)  CHU
                             Ufford 
 1 Apr 1957 -  1 Jun 1973  Hugo Willibrord Bloemers           (b. 1908 - d. 2001)  VVD
 1 Dec 1973 -  1 Nov 1983  Molly Geertsema                    (b. 1918 - d. 1991)  VVD
16 Nov 1983 - 29 May 1991  Matthijs "Matty" de Bruijne        (b. 1932 - d. 1991)  VVD
Nov 1990 - Apr 1991        Nicoline Hobbine van den Broek-    (b. 1937)            VVD
                             Laman Trip (f) 
                             (acting for de Bruijne)
 1 Jun 1991 -  1 Nov 1991  Adriaan Pieter Oele (acting)       (b. 1923)            PvdA
 1 Nov 1991 -  1 Dec 1996  Jan Cornelis Terlouw               (b. 1931)            D66
 1 Jan 1997 -  1 Jan 2005  Jan Kamminga                       (b. 1947)            VVD
31 Aug 2005 -              Clemens Gerard Antoon Cornielje    (b. 1958)            VVD

1585                       Upper Gelders (Gelderse Overkwartier) remains under
                             Spanish Habsburg rule. Habsburgs were represented by 
                             stadholders nominally ruling all Gedler and Zutphen 
                             residing in Roermond.
1702                       Under Austrian Habsburg rule, part of Austrian Netherlands.
1713                       Southern part (Geldern, Straelen, Wachtendonk, Kessel,
                             Kriekenbeek) was taken by Prussia at Peace of Utrecht.
1715                       The Netherlands purchases Venlo, Stevensweert and Montfort. 
1719                       Pfalz annexes Erkelenz.
16 May 1795                Annexed to France (provisional arrondissement of Venlo).
 9 Mar 1801                Formally incorporated into France.
1815                       Part of Netherlands province of Gelders.

Stadholders
1646 - 1652                Jan Koenraad van Aubremont, 
                             baron van Ribaucourt
1652 - 1680                Filips Balthazar van Gent (Vilain), 
                             prins van Isenghien 
1680 - 1699                Frans van Nassau-Siegen 
1699 - 1702                Philippe-Emmanuel, prince de Hornes
1716 - 1717                Damian Casimir van Dalberg
1727 - 1738                Jean Maestro de Negretti
1738 - 1795                the Court of Upper Gelders

                Adopted 17 Feb 1950

1024                       Part of Utrecht.
1282                       Republic of Groningen
1499                       Imperial administration.
25 Oct 1555                Province of Groningen
16 May 1795                Becomes département Groningen.
 1 Jan 1796                Batavian département Groningen.
23 Apr 1798                Abolished and merged with Friesland to 
                             form département Eems.
19 Sep 1801                Département Stad en Landen van Groningen (City and
                             Land of Groningen).
 8 May 1807                Renamed département Groningen.
 9 Jul 1810                Annexed to France and united with Drenthe as
                             the département Ems-Occidental (Western Ems).
1814                       Province of Groningen (restored).

Stadholders 
23 Jul 1594 - 16 Feb 1795  the Stadholders of Drenthe
Administrators 
16 Feb 1795 -  8 May 1807  ....
Landdrost
 8 May 1807 -  1 Jan 1811  Hendrik Ludolf Wichers             (b. 1747 - d. 1840)
Prefects of Ems-Occidental
 1 Jan 1811 - Mar 1813     Hendrik Ludolf Wichers             (s.a.)
 9 Dec 1813 - 1814         Claude-Auguste Petit baron de      (b. 1748 - d. 1819)
                             Beauverger
Governors
1814 - 13 Feb 1830         Gustaaf Willem baron van Imhoff    (b. 1767 - d. 1830)
Jun 1830 -  1 Aug 1850     Willem Frederik Lodewjik baron     (b. 1789 - d. 1859)
                             Rengers
King's/Queen's Commissioners
Sep 1850 -  1 Jan 1853     Louis Gaspard Adrien graaf van     (b. 1802 - d. 1884)  Lib
                             Limburg Stirum
18 Jan 1853 - 1867         Isaäc Antoni Soetens van Roijen    (b. 1800 - d. 1868)  Lib
 9 Aug 1867 -  2 Nov 1882  Louis graaf van Heiden Reinestein  (b. 1809 - d. 1882)  Con
 1 Jan 1883 -  9 Dec 1892  Johan Æmilius Abraham van Panhuys  (b. 1836 - d. 1907)  Ind
 9 Dec 1892 -  1 Oct 1917  Carel Coenraad Geertsema           (b. 1843 - d. 1928)  Lib
 1 Oct 1917 - 1925         Edzard Tjarda van Starkenborgh     (b. 1859 - d. 1936)  Lib
                             Stachouwer
 1 Jun 1925 -  1 Nov 1933  Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda (b. 1888 - d. 1978)  Lib
                             van Starkenborgh Stachouwer 
 1 Dec 1933 -  1 Apr 1937  Joachim Fockema Andreae            (b. 1879 - d. 1949)  Lib
 1 Jun 1937 - 1940         Johannes Linthorst Homan           (b. 1903 - d. 1986)  LSP
Provincial Commissioners
1940 -  9 Aug 1941         Johannes Linthorst Homan           (s.a.)               LSP
1942 - 1945                Christiaan Frederik Staargaard                          NSB
German Plenipotentiary
 7 Jun 1940 - 1945         Hermann Conring
King's/Queen's Commissioners
 1 Dec 1945 -  1 Jul 1954  Edzo Hommes Ebels                  (b. 1889 - d. 1970)  PvdV/VVD
 1 Jul 1954 - 24 Nov 1961  Willem Augustijn Offerhaus         (b. 1897 - d. 1961)  VVD
 1 Apr 1962 -  1 Feb 1970  Cornelis "Cees" Laurens Willem     (b. 1905 - d. 1999)  VVD
                             Fock
 1 Feb 1970 -  1 Nov 1980  Edzo Hendrik Toxopeus              (b. 1918)            VVD
16 Dec 1980 -  1 Jul 1996  Hendrik "Henk" Johan Lubbert       (b. 1931)            VVD
                             Vonhoff
 1 Sep 1996 -  1 Sep 2007  Johannes "Hans" Gerardus Maria     (b. 1952)            PvdA
                             Alders
 1 Sep 2007 -              Margrietus "Max" Johannes van den  (b. 1946)            PvdA
                             Berg              

Nov 1794                   France forms the area into the Meuse-Inférieure département.
                             The department is formed by the merger of: part of Staats-Brabant
                             (the so-called Villages of Redemption); Staats-Limburg (the 
                             so-called Lands beyond the Meuse/Landen van Overmaze: Dalhem,
                             's-Hertogenrade and Valkenburg); Staats-Opper-Gelderland;
                             the City of Maastricht (a Netherlands/Liège condominium); 
                             possessions of the Principality of Liège (such as the County of
                             Horn, the County of Loon, the Abbey of Munsterbilzen, etc.);
                             and a multitude of minor Free Imperial territories, the most
                             important of which was the Abbey of Thorn.
 1 Oct 1795                Annexed to France (as département Meuse-Inférieure [Lower Meuse]
                             [see Belgium]; French rule ends 1814).
 1 Aug 1814                A commissioner of the realm of The Netherlands installed for 
                             the left bank of Meuse River.
Aug 1815                   Netherlands province of Limburg established by the merger
                             of several territories that had been part of France.
 4 Oct 1830                Administration by Belgium established (except in Maastricht).
19 Apr 1839                Final Act of the London Conference divides the province:
                             part becomes Belgian, the rest becomes the Duchy of Limburg,
                             in personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
 5 Sep 1839                Duchy of Limburg accepted as a member state of 
                             the German Confederation.
11 May 1867                Following the dissolution of the German Confederation,
                             Limburg is incorporated into the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
                             Hertogdom Limburg continues in some official use to 1906,
                             while the style Hertog van Limburg remains incorporated
                             (tacitly, as part of enz., enz., enz.) into the royal style
Feb 1907                   Use of the style Duchy of Limburg officially ends.
 

Stadholders 
1685 - 1702                Hendrik Lodewijk Lamoraal van Ligne 
1702 - 1705                Franz Sigmund von Turm und Taxis 
1703 - 1705                Ludwig von Sinzendorff 
1705 - 1707                Jean-Pierre de Goës (Goossens)
1707 - 1709                Ferdinand Bertrand de Quiros 
1709 - 1710                Johann Wenzel von Gallas 
1710 - 1713                Franz Adolf von Sinzerling 
1713                       Ludwig von Sinzendorff
1713 - 1714                Georg von Tunderfeld 
1714 - 1723                Franz Sigmund von Turm und Taxis
1725 - 1728                Otto von Vehlen 
1728 - 1754                Wolfgang Wilhelm von Bournonville 
Drossard (Chief Justice)
1754 - 1794                Philippe Joseph Dieudonné, 
                             graaf van Woestenraedt
Commissioner
1794 - 1795                C.C. Roemers
Dukes of Limburg
19 Apr 1839 - 11 May 1867  the kings of the Netherlands
Commissioner
 1 Aug 1814 -  9 Oct 1815  van Panhuys 
Governors¹
1815 - 1828                Charles de Brouckère               (b. 1757 - d. 1830)
1828 - 1831                Maximilien baron de Beeckman de    (b. 1781 - d. 1834)
                             Libersart                        (b. 1781 - d. 1834)
 8 Apr 1831 - 27 Apr 1831  Pierre André Servais Kerèns        (b. 1780 - d. 1862)
                             (acting)
27 Apr 1831 - 12 Jun 1839  Johan Eberhard Paul Ernst Gericke  (b. 1785 - d. 1845)
                             van Herwijnen 
                            (buitengewoon commissaris)
12 Jun 1839 - 12 Jan 1841  Johan Eberhard Paul Ernst Gericke  (s.a.)
                             van Herwijnen 
                           + Anton Joseph Lambert Borret      (b. 1782 - d. 1858)  Con
                           (commissarissen voor de wederinbezitneming)
12 Jan 1841 - 19 Nov 1845  Johan Eberhard Paul Ernst Gericke  (s.a.)
                             van Herwijnen 
23 Dec 1845 - 19 Jan 1846  Pieter Daniël Eugenius MacPherson  (b. 1792 - d. 1846)
 1 Mar 1846 - Jul 1850     Eduardus Johannes Petrus van       (b. 1802 - d. 1873)  Lib
                             Meeuwen 
King's/Queen's Commissioners¹
Jul 1850 - 10 Sep 1856     Eduardus Johannes Petrus van       (s.a.)               Lib
                             Meeuwen 
 1 Oct 1856 - 27 Aug 1874  Pieter Joseph "Joseph" August      (b. 1816 - d. 1892)  Mod-Lib
                             Marie van der Does de Willebois 
 1 Nov 1874 - 28 Nov 1893  Eduard Joseph Corneille Marie      (b. 1817 - d. 1893)  Con
                             de Kuyper
 1 Nov 1893 - 16 May 1918  Gustave Louis Marie Hubert Ruijs   (b. 1842 - d. 1926)  Con
                             de Beerenbrouck 
                            (from 21 Mar 1895, Gustave Ruijs de Beerenbrouck) 
16 May 1918 -  8 Sep 1918  Charles Joseph Marie Ruijs de      (b. 1873 - d. 1936)  AB
                             Beerenbrouck
 1 Nov 1918 - 12 Feb 1936  Eduard Otto Joseph Maria baron     (b. 1877 - d. 1936)  RKSP
                             van Hövell tot Westerflier 
 1 Jun 1936 - 1940         Willem Georges Alphonse van        (b. 1877 - d. 1969)  RKSP
                             Sonsbeeck (1st time)
Provincial Commissioners
1940 -  5 Feb 1941         Willem Georges Alphonse van        (s.a.)               RKSP
                             Sonsbeeck 
Feb 1941 -  6 Sep 1944     Maximilien "Max" Victor Eugène     (b. 1894 - d. 1975)  NSB
                             Hubert Joseph Marie  graaf de 
                             Marchant et d'Ansembourg 
German Plenipotentiaries
 2 Jun 1940 - 1940         Alfred Weber 
26 Jul 1940 - 15 Nov 1944  Wilhelm Schmidt 
King's/Queen's Commissioners¹
14 Sep 1944 -  1 Jan 1947  Willem Georges Alphonse van        (s.a.)               RKSP/KVP
                             Sonsbeeck (2nd time)
 1 Jan 1947 -  1 Jan 1964  François Joseph Marie Anne Hubert  (b. 1898 - d. 1976)  KVP
                             Houben
 1 Jan 1964 -  1 Feb 1978  Charles Joan Marie Adriaan van Rooy(b. 1912 - d. 1996)  KVP
 1 Feb 1978 - 16 May 1990  Johan "Sjeng" Kremers              (b. 1933)            KVP/CDA
29 Jun 1990 - 30 Jun 1993  Emile "Emiel" Maria Mastenbroek    (b. 1930 - d. 2005)  CDA
 1 Jul 1993 -  1 Jul 2005  Bernard-Jan Marie baron van Voorst (b. 1944)            CDA
                             tot Voorst
 1 Jul 2005 -              Leon J.P.M. Frissen                (b. 1950)            CDA

 ¹Despite the fact that the style of Commissaris van de Koning/Koningin (Commissioners of the King/Queen) was formally also introduced in Limburg in 1850, the ancient style of Governor continued - and still continues to be very commonly used, even in official documents, partly
as a consequence of the special position of Limburg in 1839-1867 and partly also as a Limburgian particularism.

               Adopted 21 Jan 1959

158.                       Brabant of the States (Staas-Brabant)(Breda, Bergen-op-Zoom, 
                             Grave, Cuyk, Megen, Gemert, Steenbergen, Willemstad, 
                             and other areas) part of the Netherlands.
 1 Mar 1793                Annexation of Duchy of Brabant by France. The territory not 
                             incorporated.
19 Mar 1793                French lose the territory.
10 Oct 1794                Arrondissement provisional of 's-Hertogenbosch (in French: 
                             Bois-le-Duc), under French occupation; formed from the
                             municipality of 's-Hertogenbosch, the middle and the east of
                             Staas-Brabant and from districts of Oisterwijk,
                             Kempenland (Eindhoven), Peelland (Sint-Oedenrode) and Maasland
                             (Oss).
 1 Jan 1796                Batavian département Bataafschant-Brabant (Batavian Brabant).
23 Apr 1798                Renamed département Dommel.
19 Sep 1801                Name département Bataafschant-Brabant restored.
 8 May 1807                Renamed département Brabant.
1810                       Cedes Breda to the French département Deux-Nèthes.
24 Apr 1810                Annexed by France.
 9 Jul 1810                Divided into the départements of Deux-Nèthes (see Belgium)
                             and Bouches-du-Rhin.
1814                       End of French rule; province of Brabant.
1815                       Renamed Noord-Barabant.

Administrators 
16 Feb 1795 -  8 May 1807  ....
Landdrost
 8 May 1807 - 1810         Paul Emanuel Anthony de la Court   (b. 1760 - d. 1848)
Prefect of Bouches-du-Rhin
 9 Jul 1810 - 1814         Nicolas, baron Frémin de Beaumont  (b. 1744 - d. 1820)
Governors
1814 - 1820                Carel Gerard Hultman               (b. 1753 - d. 1820)
1820 - 1822                Benoît Joseph Holvoet              (b. 1763 - d. 1838)
1822 - 1826                Ewoud van Vredenburch              (b. 1779 - d. 1861)
                             (acting to 1823)
1826 - 1830                Alexandre François Ghislain        (b. 1769 - d. 1840)
                             burggraaf van der Fosse 
1830 - 1842                Andreas Johannes Ludovicus van den (b. 1787 - d. 1855)
                             Bogaerde van Terbrugge 
 1 May 1842 -  1 Aug 1850  Anton Joseph Lambert Borret        (b. 1782 - d. 1858)  Con
King's/Queen's Commissioners
 1 Aug 1850 - 1856         Anton Joseph Lambert Borret        (s.a.)               Con
 1 Oct 1856 - 25 May 1894  Paulus Jan Bosch van Drakestein    (b. 1825 - d. 1894)  Lib
1894                       L.A.N. Gerrits (acting)
16 Aug 1894 - 27 Jul 1928  Arthur Eduard Joseph van Voorst    (b. 1858 - d. 1928)  Con
                             tot Voorst 
16 Sep 1928 - 1940         Jonkheer Augustinus Bernardus      (b. 1882 - d. 1957)  RKSP
                             Gijsbertus Maria van Rijckevorsel 
Provincial Commissioner
1940 - 1945                Jonkheer Augustinus Bernardus      (s.a.)               RKSP
                             Gijsbertus Maria van Rijckevorsel 
German Plenipotentiaries
 2 Jun 1940 - 1940         Alfred Weber 
31 Jul 1940 - 1941         Willy Ritterbusch
22 Oct 1941 - 1944         Robert Thiel
 1 May 1944 - 1944         Heinrich Sellmer
King's/Queen's Commissioners
1944 - 1946                Jhr.Th.M. Smits van Oyen (acting)                       RKSP/KVP
 1 Nov 1946 - 19 May 1959  Jan Eduard de Quay                 (b. 1901 - d. 1985)  KVP
 1 Oct 1959 -  1 Aug 1973  Constantinus "Constant" Nicolaas   (b. 1908 - d. 1997)  KVP
                             Maria Kortmann 
 1 Dec 1973 -  1 Jun 1983  Jan Dirk van der Harten            (b. 1918 - d. 1998)  KVP/CDA
16 Jun 1983 -  1 Apr 1987  Andreas "Dries" Antonius Maria     (b. 1931)            CDA
                             van Agt 
22 Apr 1987 -  1 Oct 2003  Frank Johannes Maria Houben        (b. 1939)            CDA
 1 Oct 2003 -              Johanna "Hanja" Rika Hermanna      (b. 1943)            CDA
                             Maij-Weggen (f) 

               Adopted 22 Oct 1958

1018                       County of Holland.
19 Jul 1425                Burgundian rule.
25 Oct 1555                Spanish rule.
26 Jul 1581                Province of Holland
 1 Jan 1796                Batavian département Holland.
23 Apr 1798                Divided into départements of Amstel, Delf, and Texel.
19 Sep 1801                Restoration of département Holland.
 8 May 1807                Divided between départements of Amstelland and Maasland.
1814                       Province of Holland (restored).
1840                       Divided into provinces of Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland.

Stadholders (in Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht)
1585 - 23 Apr 1625         Maurits graaf van Nassau prince    (b. 1567 - d. 1625)
                             d'Orange (in Utrecht from 1590)
23 Apr 1625 - 14 Mar 1647  Frederik Hendrik                   (b. 1584 - d. 1647)
14 Mar 1647 -  6 Nov 1650  Willem II                          (b. 1626 - d. 1650)
 6 Nov 1650 -  2 Jul 1672  Vacant
 2 Jul 1672 - 19 Mar 1702  Willem III                         (b. 1650 - d. 1702)
19 Mar 1702 - 10 May 1747  Vacant
10 May 1747 - 22 Jan 1751  Willem IV Karel Hendrik Friso      (b. 1711 - d. 1751)
                             (acting to 22 Nov 1747)
22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795  Willem V Batavus                   (b. 1748 - d. 1806)
22 Oct 1751 - 12 Jan 1759  Anna von Braunschweig-             (b. 1709 - d. 1759)
                             Lüneburg -Regent
12 Jan 1759 -  9 Apr 1765  Marie Luise von Hessen-            (b. 1688 - d. 1765)
                             Kassel -Regent
 9 Apr 1765 -  8 Mar 1766  Carolina von Nassau-Diez -Regent   (b. 1743 - d. 1787)
Pensionaries of the Council (Raadpensionaris, usually translated Grand 
Pensionaries) of the states of Holland and Friesland
27 May 1689 -  3 Aug 1720  Anthonie Heinsius                  (b. 1641 - d. 1720)
12 Sep 1720 - 17 Jun 1727  Isaäc van Hoornbek                 (b. 1655 - d. 1727)
17 Jul 1727 -  1 Dec 1736  Simon van Slingelandt              (b. 1664 - d. 1736)
 1 Dec 1736 -  4 Apr 1737  Vacant
 4 Apr 1737 - 17 Jul 1746  Anthonie van der Heim              (b. 1693 - d. 1746)
23 Sep 1746 - 18 Jun 1749  Jacob Gilles                       (b. 1692 - d. 1765)
18 Jun 1749 -  5 Nov 1772  Peiter Steyn                       (b. 1706 - d. 1772)
 1 Dec 1772 - Nov 1787     Pieter van Bleyswijk               (b. 1724 - d. 1790)
 9 Nov 1787 -  4 Feb 1795  Laurens Pieter Laurenszoon van     (b. 1735 - d. 1800)
                             de Spiegel
Administrators
16 Feb 1795 - 1798         ....
Governors
 6 Apr 1814 - 10 Jun 1828  Arnold Willem Nicolaas van Tets    (b. 1771 - d. 1837)  Con
                             van Goudriaan
1828 - 1839                Jan Maximiliaan baron van Tuyll    (b. 1771 - d. 1843)
                             van Serooskerken van Vleuten 
 1 Jan 1840 - 13 Jun 1850  Daniel Jacob van Ewijck, heer van  (b. 1786 - d. 1855)
                             Oostbroek en de Bilt
King's/Queen's Commissioners
13 Jun 1850 -  4 Aug 1855  Daniel Jacob van Ewijck, heer van  (s.a.)
                             Oostbroek en de Bilt
 4 Aug 1855 -  1 May 1860  Willem Boreel van Hogelanden       (b. 1800 - d. 1883)  Con-Lib
                             (acting to 1 Oct 1855) 
 1 May 1860 -  1 Oct 1879  Herman Hendrik Röell               (b. 1806 - d. 1883)
                             (from 12 May 1874, Herman Hendrik baron Röell)
15 Dec 1879 -  1 Feb 1897  Johan Willem Meinard Schorer       (b. 1834 - d. 1903)  Lib
 1 Feb 1897 -  1 Aug 1911  Gijsbert van Tienhoven             (b. 1841 - d. 1914)  Lib
16 Sep 1911 - 16 Dec 1914  Wilhelmus Frederik van Leeuwen     (b. 1860 - d. 1930)  Lib
16 Jan 1915 - 1940         Antonie Roëll                      (b. 1864 - d. 1940)  Lib
                             (from 18 Mar 1937, Antonie baron Roëll)
Provincial Commissioners
1940 - 29 Nov 1940         Antonie baron Roëll                (s.a.)               Lib
1940 - 1945                Albert Johan Backer                (b. 1899 - d. ....)  NSB
German Plenipotentiaries
 7 Jun 1940 - 1940         Werner Ross
30 Jul 1940 - 1942         Martin Seidel
 7 Jan 1942 - 31 Oct 1942  Walter Unger
1942 - 1945                Werner Schröder 
                            (acting to 11 Mar 1943)
King's/Queen's Commissioners
16 Sep 1945 -  1 May 1954  Jacob Evert baron de Vos van       (b. 1889 - d. 1978)  PvdV/VVD
                             Steenwijk 
 1 Jul 1954 -  1 Feb 1964  Marinus "Max" Jacobus Prinsen      (b. 1899 - d. 1971)  PvdA
 1 Feb 1964 -  1 May 1976  Ferdinand Jan Kranenburg           (b. 1911 - d. 1994)  PvdA
16 Aug 1976 -  1 Apr 1992  Josephus "Roel" de Wit             (b. 1927)            PvdA
 1 May 1992 -  1 Apr 2002  Josephus "Jos" Antonius van        (b. 1937)            PvdA
                             Kemenade 
24 Jun 2002 -              Henricus "Harry" Cornelius         (b. 1943)            GL
                             Johannes Lodewijk Borghouts

23 Apr 1798                Amstel département formed from Amsterdam and the
                             center of Holland.
19 Sep 1801                Abolished and merged with Delf and part of Texel as
                             the département Holland.

Commissioner
1798 - 1800                Jacob Jan Cambier                  (b. 1756 - d. 1831) 

 8 May 1807                Amstelland département formed from Amsterdam and northern
                             part of département Holland.
 9 Jul 1810                Merged with Utrecht into French département Zuyderzee.

Landdrost 
1807 -  9 Jul 1810         Jan van Styrum                     (b. 1757 - d. 1829)

23 Apr 1798                Delf département formed from southern parts of Holland.
19 Sep 1801                Merged with Amstel and Texel to form the
                             restored département Holland.

Commissioners
23 Apr 1798 - 19 Sep 1801  ....

 8 May 1807                Maasland département formed from The Hague and southern
                             parts of département of Holland.
 9 Jul 1810                French département Bouches-de-la-Meuse.
1814                       Abolished.

Landdrost
May 1807 - Nov 1807        Jacob Abraham de Mist              (b. 1749 - d. 1823) 
Prefects
 2 Dec 1807 - 1808         A. van Gennep 
30 Sep 1808 -  1 Nov 1811  Carel Gerard Hultman (1st time)    (b. 1752 - d. 1820)
13 Nov 1811 - 17 Nov 1813  Goswin Joseph Augustin de Stassart
Nov 1813 - Apr 1814        Carel Gerard Hultman (2nd time)    (s.a.)

23 Apr 1798                Texel département formed from northern part of Holland
                             and part of Utrecht. 
19 Sep 1801                Divided between the départements Holland and Utrecht.

Commissioners
23 Apr 1798 - 19 Sep 1801  ....

                  Adopted 19 Feb 1947

1336                       Part of Gelderland.
1347                       Part of Utrecht.
1510                       Part of Gelderland.
1529                       Province of Overijssel
 7 Sep 1543                Part of Gelderland.
23 Jan 1579                Part of Groningen.
1589                       Province of Overijssel. 
 1 Jan 1796                Batavian département Overijssel.
23 Apr 1798                Merged with Drenthe to form département Ouden Ijssel.
19 Sep 1801                Renamed département Overijssel.
 9 Jul 1810                French département Bouches-de-l'Yssel.
1814                       Province of Overijssel (restored).

Stadholders
23 Jan 1579 - 16 Feb 1795  the Stadholders of Gelderland
Administrators 
16 Feb 1795 -  1 Jan 1810  ....
Landdrost
 1 Jan 1810 - 1811         Petrus Hofstede                    (b. 1755 - d. 1839)
Prefects of Bouches-de-l'Yssel
1811 - 12 Mar 1813         Petrus Hofstede                    (s.a.)
Mar 1813 - 1814            Carel Gerard Hultman               (b. 1752 - d. 1820)
Governors
11 May 1814 - 24 Sep 1830  Berend Hendrik baron Bentinck      (b. 1753 - d. 1830)
                             van Buckhorst 
1830                       Jan ter Pelkwijk (acting)          (b. 1769 - d. 1834)
26 Jan 1831 - 12 Oct 1840  Jacob Hendrik graaf van Rechteren  (b. 1787 - d. 1845)  Lib
                             tot Appeltern 
1840 - 1847                Joan Derk graaf van Rechteren tot  (b. 1799 - d. 1886)
                             Ahnem 
 1 Nov 1847 - 10 Jul 1850  George Isaäc Bruce                 (b. 1803 - d. 1850)  Mod
King's/Queen's Commissioners
10 Jul 1850 - 24 Oct 1850  George Isaäc Bruce                 (s.a.)               Mod
Oct 1850 - 30 Jun 1864     Jonkheer Cornelis Backer           (b. 1798 - d. 1864)  Con
31 Jul 1864 - 18 Jul 1868  Eugène Jean Alexandre graaf van    (b. 1807 - d. 1876)  Lib
                             Bylandt 
30 Jan 1869 -  8 Jul 1878  Petrus Cornelis baron van Nahuys   (b. 1803 - d. 1882)  Lib
27 Apr 1878 -  1 Jan 1893  Johan Herman Geertsema Carelszoon  (b. 1816 - d. 1908)  Lib
 1 Jan 1893 -  1 Jul 1893  Johan Aemelius Abraham van Panhuys (b. 1836 - d. 1907)
1893 - 1909                Petrus Lycklama à Nyeholt          (b. 1842 - d. 1913)
1909 - 1925                Adolf Frederik Lodewijk graaf van  (b. 1865 - d. 1935)
                             Rechteren Limpurg Almelo 
 1 Jun 1925 - 1940         Alexander Eppo baron van Voorst    (b. 1880 - d. 1965)  RKSP
                             tot Voorst (1st time) 
Provincial Commissioners
1940 -  9 Aug 1941         Alexander Eppo baron van Voorst    (s.a.)               RKSP
                             tot Voorst
1941 - 1943                Jonkheer Egon Lodewijk Maria       (b. 1899 - d. 1943)  NSB
                             Theresia Joseph von Bönninghausen 
11 Aug 1943 - May 1945     Wilhelmus de Rijke                 (b. 1896 - d. 1971)  NSB
German Plenipotentiaries
1940                       Kurt Hartong 
31 Jul 1940 - 1943         Werner Schröder
11 Mar 1943 - 1945         Karl Weidlich
King's/Queen's Commissioners
May 1945 -  6 May 1946     Alexander Eppo baron van Voorst    (s.a.)               RKSP/KVP
                             tot Voorst (2nd time) 
 6 May 1946 -  1 Feb 1964  Johannes Baptista Gerardus Maria   (b. 1899 - d. 1990)  KVP
                             ridder de van der Schueren 
16 Feb 1964 -  1 May 1972  Otto Frans Antoine Hubert van      (b. 1907 - d. 1992)  KVP
                             Nispen tot Pannerden
15 May 1972 -  1 Jul 1988  Johannes "Jan" Leonardus Maria     (b. 1925 - d. 2005)  KVP/CDA
                             Niers
 1 Jul 1988 -  1 Jun 2002  Jan A.M. Hendrikx                  (b. 1941)            CDA
 1 Jun 2002 -              Geert Jan Jansen                   (b. 1946)            CDA

                Adopted 15 Jan 1951

696                        Bishopric of Utrecht.
1024                       Bishops become Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
 7 Jan 1528                Part of Holland.
26 Jul 1581                Province of Utrecht.
16 May 1795 -  1 Jan 1796  United with Zuid-Holland to form département Zuiderzee.
 1 Jan 1796                Batavian département Utrecht.
23 Apr 1798                Divided between départements of Texel and Rijn.
19 Sep 1801                Restoration of département Utrecht.
 9 Jul 1810                Merged with Amstelland as French département Zuyderzee
                             (see Zuid-Holland).
1814                       Province of Utrecht (restored).

Stadholders 
1590 - 16 Feb 1795         the Stadholders of Holland
Administrators
16 Feb 1795 - 1798         ....
1801 - 1806                ....
Landdrost
1806 - 1811                Jan Hendrik van Lynden             (b. 1765 - d. 1854)
Governors
 6 Apr 1814 - 1828         Jan Maximiliaan baron van Tuyll    (b. 1771 - d. 1843)
                             van Serooskerken van Vleuten 
1828 - 1831                Florent Joseph ridder van Ertborn  (b. 1784 - d. 1850)
Sep 1831 -  5 Jan 1840     Lodewijk van Toulon                (b. 1767 - d. 1840)
15 Sep