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Sweden
 
[Flag of Sweden]
   6 Jun 1523 - 1818;  re-adopted 7 Jun 1905
         (officially re-adopted 22 Jun 1906)
 
[Flag of Sweden, 1815]
             6 Jun 1815 - 8 Mar 1844
 
 
[Flag of Sweden, 1844]
               8 Mar 1844 - 7 Jun 1905
 
 
Map of Sweden
Hear National Anthem
"Sång till Norden" (Song of the
 North)
also called "Du Gamla, 
Du Fria"
(Thou Ancient,
Thou Beautiful,
Thou
 Mountainous North)
Text of National Anthem
Anthem Adopted 1844
Constitution
(1 Jan 1975)
Act of  Succession
(26 Sep 1810)
Hear Royal Anthem
"Kungssången" (Royal Song)
Text of Royal Anthem
Adopted 1893
Royal Constitution
(21 Aug 1772; in Swedish)
Capital: Stockholm
(Uppsala to 1419)
Currency: Swedish
Krona
(SEK) 
National Holiday: 6 Jun (1523)
 Flag Day
Population: 9,045,389 (2008)
GDP: $348.6 billion (2008)
Exports: $185.1 billion (2008)
Imports: $166.6 billion (2008)
Ethnic groups: Swedish 83.8%, other European 10.1% (of which
 Finnish 2.9%), Yugoslav
2.2%, Asian 2.4%, other 2% (2005)
Total Active Armed Forces: 27,600 (2006)
Merchant marine: 195 ships (2008)
Religions: Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 77%, other
Protestant 4.5%, Muslim 4%, Roman Catholic 1.6%,

Eastern Orthodox 1.1%, other 11.8% (2005)
International Organizations/Treaties: AC, ADB (nonregional), AfDB (nonregional), AG, ANT, APM, BIS, BTWC, CBSS, CE, CERN, CTBT, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ENMOD, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, MTCR, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Sweden Index
Chronology

995                        Kingdom of the Swedes, Goths and Wends
c.1155                     Beginning of the conquest of Finland.
 1 Jan 1278                Definitive unification of "Svear" and Götar"
 8 Aug 1319 - 15 Aug 1343  Norway in (nominally personal) union with Sweden.
Mar 1388                   Kingdom of Sweden
11 Jul 1396 -  6 Jun 1523  Union of Kalmar: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in 
                             personal union; interrupted 20 Apr 1448 - Feb 
                             1457, Mar 1464 - Jan 1465 and 13 Nov 1767 - 15
 
                            May 1470, by Karl VIII (United Kingdoms of
                             Denmark, Norway and Sweden)

26 Feb 1658                Skåne (Scania), Halland, and Bohuslän provinces
                             ceded to Sweden by Denmark.
1581 - 29 Mar 1809         Grand Duchy of Finland (subject to, and from 21
                             Aug 1772 in nominal personal union with Sweden).
13 Aug 1645                Jämtland, Härjedalen, and Gotland island are 
                             ceded to Sweden by Denmark-Norway by Peace 
                             of Brömsebro.
26 Feb 1658                Skåne, Blekinge, Halland, Bohuslän, and Trondheim 
                             ceded to Sweden by Denmark-Norway according
                             to the Treaty of Roskilde (Trondheim returned
                             on 27 May 1660).
23 Mar 1730 -  5 Apr 1751  Personal union with Hesse-Kassel.
29 Mar 1809                Finland ceded to Russia.
 4 Nov 1814 -  7 Jun 1905  Personal union with Norway.
 7 Jun 1905                Norway independent.

Counties
Skane (Scania)
(1658-1719,
 1801-1809)
Gotland Island
(1361-1645, 1808)
Swedish Church
Historical Maps
of Sweden
 
 
 
 
 

Kings¹
995 - 1022                 Olaf III Skottkonung               (b. c.980 - d. 1022)
1022 - 1050                Anund II Jakob                     (b. c.1007 - 1050)
1050 - 1060                Emund II "the Old"                 (b. c.1005 - 1060)
                            (co-ruler from 1047)
1060 - 1066                Stenkil Ragnvaldsson               (b. c.1025 - d. 1066)
1066                       Erik VII Stenkilsson               (b. c.1055 - 10..)
1066 - 1067                Halstan (1st time)                 (b. c.1049 - d. 1084)
1067 - 1068                Anund (Agemund) III Edmundson      (b. c.1025 - 1068)
                            (usurper)
1067 - 1080                Haakon "the Red" -Regent           (b. c.1045 - d. 1080)
1080 - 1083                Blot Sven -Regent                  (b. c.1050 - d. 1087)
1083 - 1084                Inge I "the Elder" (1st time)      (d. 1110)
                           - jointly with -
1079 - 1084                Halstan (2nd time)                 (s.a.)
1084 - 1087                Blot Sven (in opposition)          (s.a.)
1083 - 1112                Inge I "the Elder" (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1087 - 1088                Erik VIII Årsäll (in opposition)   (b. c.1070 - d. 1098)
1093 - 24 Aug 1103         Magnus Olavsson av Norge           (b. 1073 - d. 1103)
                             (in opposition)
1112 - 1118                Filip (Philip)                     (b. c.1070 - d. 1118) 
                           - jointly with -
1112 - 1125                Inge II Halstensson                (b. c.1069 - d. 1125)
1125 - 1126                Ragnvald (in the north)
                           - jointly with -
1125 - 24 Jun 1134         Magnus Nielssen "the Strong"       (b. 1106 - d. 1134)
                            (in the west)
                           - jointly with -
1125 - 25 Dec 1155         Sverker I "the Elder"              (b. c.1096 - d. 1155)
                            (in the east to 1134)
25 Dec 1155 - 18 May 1160  Erik IX Jedvardsson "den helige"   (b. c.1100 - d. 1160)
                            ("the Saint")
19 May 1160 - 12 Apr 1167  Karl VII Sverkersson               (b. c.1137 - d. 1167)
19 May 1160 - 1161         Magnus Henriksson (in opposition)
12 Apr 1167 -  8 Apr 1196  Knut I Eriksson                    (b. c.1130 - d. 1196)
 8 Apr 1196 - 1208         Sverker II Karlsson "den yngre"    (b. c.1165 - d. 1210)
                            ("the Younger")
1208 - 10 Apr 1216         Erik X Knutsson                    (b. c.1160 - d. 1216)
10 Apr 1216 - 10 Mar 1222  Johan I Sverkersson                (b. 1201 - d. 1222)
10 Apr 1216 - 1222         Olof, Archbishop of Uppsala -Regent
10 Mar 1222 - 1229         Knut II Johansson (Knut Långe)     (d. 1234)
                           - jointly with -
10 Mar 1222 - 1229         Erik XI Eriksson (1st time)        (b. c.1216 - d. 1250)
1229 - 1234                Knut III Holmgersson               (b. c.1190 - d. 1234)
1234 - 12 Feb 1250         Erik XI Eriksson (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1248 - 12 Feb 1250         Birger Magnusson -Regent (1st time)(b. c.1196 - d. 1266)
12 Feb 1250 - 22 Jul 1275  Valdemar                           (b. 1243 - d. 1302)
12 Feb 1250 - 21 Oct 1266  Birger Magnusson -Regent (2nd time)(s.a.)
22 Jul 1275 - 18 Dec 1290  Magnus I Birgersson "Ladulass"     (b c.1240 - d. 1290)

18 Dec 1290 - Jun 1318     Birger I Magnusson                 (b. 1281 - d. 1321)
18 Dec 1290 - 1303         Thorgils Knutsson -Regent          (d. 1306)
Jun 1318 -  8 Jul 1319     Magnus Ketilmundsson -Regent 
 8 Jul 1319 - Feb 1364     Magnus II Eriksson "Smek"          (b. 1316 - d. 1364)
                           - later jointly with -
28 Apr 1357 - 20 Jun 1359  Erik XII Magnusson                 (b. 1339 - d. 1359)
15 Feb 1362 - Feb 1364     Haakon Magnusson                   (b. 1340 - d. 1380)
Feb 1364 - 24 Feb 1389     Albrekt "av Mecklenburg"           (b. 1340 - d. 1412)
22 Mar 1389 - 23 Jun 1396  Queen Margareta -Regent            (b. 1353 - d. 1412)
                             (styed: Most mighty Lady and right Master)
23 Jul 1396 - 29 Sep 1439  Erik XIII "av Pommern"             (b. 1382 - d. 1459)
                             (Erik II of Norway, Erik VII of Denmark)
1424 -  6 Jan 1430         Filippa av England (f) -Regent     (b. 1394 - d. 1430)
 6 Jan 1430 - 1434         Jösse (Jens) Eriksson -Regent      (d. 1436)
1434 -  1 Mar 1436         Kristiern Nilsson Vasa -Regent     (b. c.1365 - d. 1442)
16 Feb 1436 -  4 May 1436  Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson -Regent  (b. c.1390 - d. 1436)
                           - jointly with -
 1 Mar 1436 -  4 Oct 1440  Karl Knutsson Bonde -Regent        (b. 1408 - d. 1470)
                             (Karl VIII)
                             (in rebellion to 29 Sep 1439)
1440 - 13 Sep 1441         Nils Ragvaldsson -Regent           (b. c.1380 - d. 1448)
13 Sep 1441 -  5 Jan 1448  Kristofer                          (b. 1416 - d. 1448)
 5 Jan 1448 - 28 Jun 1448  Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna -Regent (b c.1417 - d. 1466)
                             (1st time)
                           - jointly with -
 5 Jan 1448 - 28 Jun 1448  Erik Axelsson Tott -Regent         (b. c.1420 - d. 1487)
                             (1st time)
28 Jun 1448 - Feb 1457     Karl VIII Knutsson Bonde (1st time)(s.a.)
Feb 1457 -  2 Jul 1457     Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna -Regent (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
                           - jointly with -
25 Mar 1457 -  2 Jul 1457  Erik Axelsson Tott -Regent         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 2 Jul 1457 - Jan 1464     Kristian I                         (b. 1425 - d. 1481)
Jan 1464 - Aug 1464        Kettil Karlsson Vasa -Regent       (b. c.1434 - d. 1465)
                             (1st time)
 9 Aug 1464 - 30 Jan 1465  Karl VIII Knutsson Bonde (2nd time)(s.a.)
30 Jan 1465 - 11 Aug 1465  Kettil Karlsson Vasa -Regent       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
30 Jan 1465 - 14 Oct 1466  Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna         (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
14 Oct 1466 - 12 Nov 1467  Erik Axelsson Tott -Regent         (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
12 Nov 1467 - 15 May 1470  Karl VIII Knutsson Bonde (3rd time)(s.a.)
15 May 1470 - 16 May 1470  Jakob Ulfsson -Regent (1st time)   (b. c.1430 - d. 1521)
16 May 1470 - 18 Oct 1497  Sten Sture "the Elder" -Regent     (b c.1440 - d. 1503)
                             (1st time)
18 Oct 1497 - 29 Jul 1501  Johan II Kristiansson              (b. 1455 - d. 1513)
                             (Hans Kristiansson)
29 Jul 1501 - Nov 1501     Jakob Ulfsson -Regent (2nd time)   (s.a.)
Nov 1501 - 14 Dec 1503     Sten Sture "the Elder" -Regent     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
14 Dec 1503 - 21 Jan 1504  Jakob Ulfsson -Regent (3rd time)   (s.a.)
21 Jan 1504 -  2 Jan 1512  Svante Nilsson Sture -Regent       (b. 1460? - d. 1512) 
 2 Jan 1512 - 23 Jul 1512  Jakob Ulfsson -Regent (4th time)   (s.a.)
23 Jul 1512 -  3 Feb 1520  Sten Sture "the Younger" -Regent   (b. c.1492 - d. 1520)
 3 Feb 1520 -  6 Mar 1520  Gustaf Eriksson Trolle -Regent     (b. 1488 - d. 1535)
 6 Mar 1520 - 1521         Kristian II Hansson                (b. 1481 - d. 1559)
23 Aug 1521 -  6 Jun 1523  Gustaf Eriksson Vasa -Regent       (b. 1496 - d. 1560)
                             (Gustaf I)
 6 Jun 1523 - 29 Sep 1560  Gustaf I Eriksson                  (s.a.)
29 Sep 1560 - 26 Jan 1569  Erik XIV                           (b. 1533 - d. 1577)
26 Jan 1569 - 27 Nov 1592  Johan III                          (b. 1537 - d. 1592)
27 Nov 1592 - Jul 1599     Sigismund                          (b. 1566 - d. 1632)
                            (King Zygmunt III of Poland and
                             Grand Prince of Lithuania 1587-1632)
Jul 1599 - 16 Mar 1604     Karl Gustafsson Vasa, hertig av    (b. 1550 - d. 1611)
                             Värmland och Söndermanland -Regent 
16 Mar 1604 -  9 Nov 1611  Karl IX                            (s.a.)
                             (Karl Gustafsson Vasa) 
 9 Nov 1611 - 16 Nov 1632  Gustaf II Adolf                    (b. 1594 - d. 1632)
                             (regent to 5 Jan 1612)
16 Nov 1632 - 16 Jun 1654  Kristina -Queen                    (b. 1626 - d. 1689)
 7 Nov 1632 - 17 Dec 1644  Regents
                           - Axel Oxenstierna                 (b. 1583 - d. 1654)
                           - Jacob Pontusson de la Gardie     (b. 1583 - d. 1652)
                           - Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm        (b. 1574 - d. 1650)
                           - Axel Banér                       (b. 1594 - d. 1642)
16 Jun 1654 - 23 Feb 1660  Karl X Gustaf                      (b. 1622 - d. 1660)
23 Feb 1660 - 15 Apr 1697  Karl XI                            (b. 1655 - d. 1697)
23 Feb 1660 - 1672         Regents 
                           - Hedwig Eleonora von Holstein-    (b. 1636 - d. 1715)
                              Gottorp (f) 
                           - Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie      (b. 1622 - d. 1686)
                           - Karl Gustav Wrangel greve Salmis (b. 1613 - d. 1676)
15 Apr 1697 - 11 Dec 1718  Karl XII                           (b. 1682 - d. 1718)
15 Apr 1697 - Sep 1697     Bengt Gabrielsson                  (b. 1623 - d. 1702)
                             Oxenstierna -Regent 
11 Dec 1718 -  2 Feb 1719  Arvid Bernhard Gustafson Horn,     (b. 1664 - d. 1742)
                             greve Horn av Ekebyholm
                             (Chancellery President) 
 2 Feb 1719 -  4 Apr 1720  Ulrica Eleonora -Queen             (b. 1688 - d. 1741)
 4 Apr 1720 -  5 Apr 1751  Fredrik I                          (b. 1676 - d. 1751)
 5 Apr 1751 - 12 Feb 1771  Adolf Fredrik                      (b. 1710 - d. 1771)
12 Feb 1771 - 29 Mar 1792  Gustaf III                         (b. 1746 - d. 1792)
29 Mar 1792 - 10 May 1809  Gustaf IV Adolf                    (b. 1778 - d. 1837)
                            (arrested 13 Mar 1809; abdicates on 29 Mar 1809,
                             but is held to reign until 10 May 1809)
10 May 1809 -  5 Feb 1818  Karl XIII                          (b. 1748 - d. 1818)
                            (regent [as Karl, hertig av Södermanland] 
                             10 May [de facto from 13 Mar] - 6 Jun 1809)
 5 Feb 1818 -  8 Mar 1844  Karl XIV Johan                     (b. 1763 - d. 1844)
 8 Mar 1844 -  8 Jul 1859  Oscar I                            (b. 1799 - d. 1859) 
 8 Jul 1859 - 18 Sep 1872  Karl XV                            (b. 1826 - d. 1872)
18 Sep 1872 -  8 Dec 1907  Oscar II                           (b. 1829 - d. 1907)
 8 Dec 1907 - 29 Oct 1950  Gustaf V                           (b. 1858 - d. 1950)
29 Oct 1950 - 15 Sep 1973  Gustaf VI Adolf                    (b. 1882 - d. 1973)
15 Sep 1973 -              Carl XVI Gustaf                    (b. 1946)


Chancellors (
Rikskansler
)
1560 - 1590                Nils Göransson Gyllenstierna       (b. 1526 - d. 1601)
1593 - 26 Mar 1600         Erik Larsson Sparre                (b. 1550 - d. 1600)
1602 - 2 Jun 1609          Svante Turesson Bielke             (b. 1567 - d. 1609)

Jan 1612 - 28 Aug 1654     Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna        (b. 1583 - d. 1654)
20 Oct 1654 - 23 Oct 1656  Erik Axelsson Oxenstierna          (b. 1624 - d. 1656)
12 Feb 1660 - 1679         Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie        (b. 1622 - d. 1686)
1679 - 10 Jun 1680         Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna      (b. 1635 - d. 1680)
Chancellery Presidents (kanslipresidenten)
Jul 1680 - 12 Jul 1702     Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna      (b. 1623 - d. 1702)
                             (acting to 1685)
12 Jul 1702 - 1705         Carl Piper (acting)                (b. 1647 - d. 1716)
1705 -  4 May 1709         Nils Gyldenstolpe                  (b. 1642 - d. 1709)
21 Mar 1710 -  9 Apr 1719  Arvid Bernhard Gustafson Horn,     (s.a.)
                             Count Horn av Ekebyholm (1st time)
 9 Apr 1719 - 12 Dec 1719  Gustaf Cronhielm                   (b. 1664 - d. 1737)
12 Dec 1719 - 18 Dec 1738  Arvid Bernhard Gustafson Horn,     (s.a.)
                             Count Horn av Ekebyholm (2nd time)
                             (acting to 10 Apr 1720)
Apr 1739 -  9 Dec 1746     Carl Gyllenborg                    (b. 1679 - d. 1746)      Hat
 9 Dec 1746 - Mar 1752     Carl Gustaf Tessin                 (b. 1695 - d. 1770)      Hat
                             (acting to 5 Dec 1747) 
Mar 1752 - 1761            Count Andreas Johan Höpken         (b. 1712 - d. 1789)      Hat 
Apr 1761 - Aug 1765        Count Klaes Ekeblad (1st time)     (b. 1708 - d. 1771)      Hat
1765 -  7 Mar 1768         Carl Gustaf Löwenhielm             (b. 1701 - d. 1768)      Cap
1768 - 1769                Fredrik von Friesendorff (acting)  (b. 1707 - d. 1770)      Cap
1769 -  9 Oct 1771         Count Klaes Ekeblad (2nd time)     (s.a.)                   Hat
1771 - 1772                Ulrik Scheffer (1st time)          (b. 1716 - d. 1799)      Cap
22 Apr 1772 - 22 Aug 1772  Joachim von Düben                  (b. 1708 - d. 1786)      Cap
22 Aug 1772 -  5 Jun 1783  Ulrik Scheffer (2nd time)          (s.a.) 
Jun 1783 - 30 Oct 1785     Gustaf Philip Creutz               (b. 1731 - d. 1785)
1785 - 1786                Malte Ramel (acting)               (b. 1747 - d. 1824)
1786 - 13 Jun 1787         Emanuel de Geer                    (b. 17.. - d. 1803)
1787 - 1789                Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna (acting) (b. 1750 - d. 1818)
1789 - Nov 1790            Karl Wilhelm von Düben (acting)    (b. 1724 - d. 1790)
Nov 1790 - 1792            Ulrich Gustaf Frank (acting)       (b. 1736 - d. 1811)
1792                       Evert Wilhelm Taube af Odenkat     (b. 1737 - d. 1799)
                             (acting)
15 May 1792 - 1793         Christofer Bogislaus Zibet         (b. 1740 - d. 1809)
                             (1st time)
16 Jul 1792 - 14 Dec 1797  Count Fredrik Sparre               (b. 1731 - d. 1803)
                             (First Chancellor)
Aug 1793 - 1799            Count Nils Anton Augustus Bark     (b. 1760 - d. 1822)
 5 Oct 1799 - 1801         Christofer Bogislaus Zibet         (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
1801 - May 1809            Fredrik Wilhelm Ehrenheim          (b. 1753 - d. 1828)
May 1809 -  9 Jun 1809     Lars von Engeström                 (b. 1751 - d. 1826)
Prime ministers for Justice²
 9 Jun 1809 -  5 Apr 1810  Carl Axel Trolle-Wachtmeister      (b. 1754 - d. 1810)
25 Jun 1810 - 18 Aug 1829  Fredrik Gyllenborg                 (b. 1767 - d. 1829)
31 Aug 1829 -  6 Feb 1840  Mathias Rosenblad                  (b. 1758 - d. 1847)
 6 Feb 1840 - 28 Mar 1840  Hans Gabriel Trolle-Wachtmeister   (b. 1782 - d. 1871)
                             (did not enter office)
28 Mar 1840 -  5 Sep 1840  Arvid Posse (1st time)             (b. 1792 - d. 1850)
 5 Sep 1840 -  5 Jan 1843  Carl Törnebladh                    (b. 1774 - d. 1844)
                             (acting to 14 Jan 1841) 
 5 Jan 1843 - 28 Dec 1844  Lars Herman Gyllenhaal             (b. 1790 - d. 1858)
28 Dec 1844 -  9 Mar 1846  Johan Nordenfalk                   (b. 1769 - d. 1846)
23 Mar 1846 - 10 Apr 1848  Arvid Posse (2nd time)             (s.a.)
10 Apr 1848 - 25 Sep 1856  Gustaf Sparre                      (b. 1802 - d. 1886)
25 Sep 1856 -  7 Apr 1858  Claës Efraim Günther               (b. 1799 - d. 1861)
 7 Apr 1858 -  3 Jun 1870  Louis Gerhard de Geer af Finspång  (b. 1818 - d. 1896)      Lp
                             (1st time)
 3 Jun 1870 -  8 Apr 1874  Axel Gustaf Adlercreutz            (b. 1821 - d. 1886)      HP
 8 Apr 1874 -  4 May 1874  Vacant
 4 May 1874 - 11 May 1875  Eduard Carleson                    (b. 1820 - d. 1884)      HP
11 May 1875 - 20 Mar 1876  Louis Gerhard de Geer af Finspång  (s.a.)                   Lp
                             (2nd time)
Prime ministers for Foreign Affairs²
 9 Jun 1809 -  1 Jun 1824  Lars von Engeström                 (s.a.)
 1 Jun 1824 - 15 May 1837  Gustaf af Wetterstedt              (b. 1776 - d. 1837)
18 May 1837 - 30 Jan 1838  Count Adolf Göran Mörner (acting)  (b. 1773 - d. 1838)
 9 Mar 1838 - 11 Jul 1842  Gustaf Nils Algernon Stierneld     (b. 1791 - d. 1868)
                             (1st time) 
 5 Sep 1840 - 10 Apr 1848  Albrecht Ihre                      (b. 1797 - d. 1877)
                             (acting [for Stierneld from 5 Sep 1840] to 29 Dec 1842)
10 Apr 1848 -  8 Sep 1856  Gustaf Nils Algernon Stierneld     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 8 Sep 1856 - 16 Mar 1858  Elias Lagerheim                    (b. 1791 - d. 1864)
16 Mar 1858 -  4 Jun 1868  Ludvig Manderström                 (b. 1806 - d. 1873)
 4 Jun 1868 - 14 Oct 1871  Carl Wachtmeister                  (b. 1823 - d. 1871)
10 Nov 1871 - 17 Dec 1872  Baltzar von Platen                 (b. 1804 - d. 1875)
17 Dec 1872 - 20 Mar 1876  Oscar Magnus Fredrik Björnstjerna  (b. 1819 - d. 1905)
Prime ministers
20 Mar 1876 - 19 Apr 1880  Louis Gerhard de Geer af Finspång  (s.a.)                   Lp
19 Apr 1880 - 13 Jun 1883  Arvid Rutger Fredrikson Posse      (b. 1820 - d. 1901)      L 
13 Jun 1883 - 16 May 1884  Carl Johan Thyselius               (b. 1811 - d. 1897)      HP
16 May 1884 -  6 Feb 1888  Oscar Robert Themptander           (b. 1844 - d. 1897)      Lp
 6 Feb 1888 - 12 Oct 1889  Didrik Anders Gillis Bildt         (b. 1820 - d. 1894)      HP
12 Oct 1889 - 10 Jul 1891  Baron Johan Gustaf Nils Samuel     (b. 1833 - d. 1900)      PMP
                             Åkerhielm af Margretelund 
10 Jul 1891 - 12 Sep 1900  Erik Gustaf Boström (1st time)     (b. 1842 - d. 1907)      NL
12 Sep 1900 -  5 Jul 1902  Baron Fredrik Wilhelm von Otter    (b. 1833 - d. 1910)    Non-party
 5 Jul 1902 - 13 Apr 1905  Erik Gustaf Boström (2nd time)     (s.a.)                   NL
13 Apr 1905 -  2 Aug 1905  Johan Olof Ramstedt                (b. 1852 - d. 1935)    Non-party
 2 Aug 1905 -  8 Nov 1905  Christian Lundeberg                (b. 1842 - d. 1911)      PM
 8 Nov 1905 - 29 May 1906  Karl Albert Staaff (1st time)      (b. 1860 - d. 1915)      LS
29 May 1906 -  7 Oct 1911  Salomon Arvid Achates Lindman      (b. 1862 - d. 1936)      HP
                             (1st time)
 7 Oct 1911 - 16 Feb 1914  Karl Albert Staaff (2nd time)      (s.a.)                   LS
16 Feb 1914 - 30 Mar 1917  Hjalmar Hammarskjöld               (b. 1862 - d. 1953)      HP
30 Mar 1917 - 19 Oct 1917  Karl Johan Gustaf Swartz           (b. 1858 - d. 1926)      HP
19 Oct 1917 - 10 Mar 1920  Nils Edén                          (b. 1871 - d. 1945)      Lp/SAP
10 Mar 1920 - 27 Oct 1920  Karl Hjalmar Branting (1st time)   (b. 1860 - d. 1925)      SAP
27 Oct 1920 - 23 Feb 1921  Gerhard Louis de Geer af Finspång  (b. 1854 - d. 1935)    Non-party
23 Feb 1921 - 13 Oct 1921  Oscar Fredrik von Sydow            (b. 1873 - d. 1936)    Non-party
13 Oct 1921 - 29 Apr 1923  Karl Hjalmar Branting (2nd time)   (s.a.)                   SAP
29 Apr 1923 - 19 Oct 1924  Ernst Trygger                      (b. 1857 - d. 1943)      HP
19 Oct 1924 - 25 Jan 1925  Karl Hjalmar Branting (3rd time)   (s.a.)                   SAP
25 Jan 1925 -  6 Jun 1926  Rickard Johannes Sandler           (b. 1884 - d. 1964)      SAP
 6 Jun 1926 -  1 Oct 1928  Carl Gustaf Ekman (1st time)       (b. 1872 - d. 1945)      F
 1 Oct 1928 -  6 Jun 1930  Salomon Arvid Achates Lindman      (s.a.)                   HP
                             (2nd time)
 6 Jun 1930 -  6 Aug 1932  Carl Gustaf Ekman (2nd time)       (s.a.)                   F
 6 Aug 1932 - 26 Sep 1932  Felix Teodor Hamrin                (b. 1875 - d. 1937)      F
26 Sep 1932 - 19 Jun 1936  Per Albin Hansson (1st time)       (b. 1885 - d. 1946)      SAP
19 Jun 1936 - 28 Sep 1936  Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp            (b. 1883 - d. 1954)      BF
28 Sep 1936 -  6 Oct 1946  Per Albin Hansson (2nd time)       (s.a.)                   SAP
 6 Oct 1946 - 10 Oct 1946  Östen Undén (acting)               (b. 1886 - d. 1974)
10 Oct 1946 - 14 Oct 1969  Tage Fritiof Erlander              (b. 1901 - d. 1985)      SAP
14 Oct 1969 -  7 Oct 1976  Sven Olof Joachim Palme (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 1986)      SAP
 7 Oct 1976 - 13 Oct 1978  Thorbjörn Fälldin (1st time)       (b. 1926)                CP
13 Oct 1978 -  9 Oct 1979  Ola Ullsten                        (b. 1931)                FPL
 9 Oct 1979 -  7 Oct 1982  Thorbjörn Fälldin (2nd time)       (s.a.)                   CP
 7 Oct 1982 - 28 Feb 1986  Sven Olof Joachim Palme (2nd time) (s.a.)                   SAP
28 Feb 1986 -  3 Oct 1991  Ingvar Gösta Carlsson (1st time)   (b. 1934)                SAP
                             (acting to 12 Mar 1986)
 3 Oct 1991 -  7 Oct 1994  Carl Bildt                         (b. 1949)                MS
 7 Oct 1994 - 21 Mar 1996  Ingvar Gösta Carlsson (2nd time)   (s.a.)                   SAP
21 Mar 1996 -  6 Oct 2006  Göran Persson                      (b. 1949)                SAP
 3 Jun 2004 -  1 Aug 2004  Lars Engqvist (acting for Persson) (b. 1945)                SAP
 6 Oct 2006 -              Fredrik Reinfeldt                  (b. 1965)                MS
 

[Flag of the Sami People]
Flag of Sami People adopted 14 Aug 1986

  ¹Full style of the ruler:
(a) 1250 - 1278: Dei gratia rex sveorum ("by the Grace of God, King of the Swedes);
(b) 24 May 1278 - 1318, 1362 - 1364: Dei gratia sveorum gotorumque rex ("by the Grace of God, King of the Swedes and Goths");
(c) 1319 - 1332: Dei gratia rex suecie et norwegie ("by the Grace of God, King of Sweden and Norway");

(d) 1332 - 1364: Dei gratia regnorum suecie et norwegie terreque scanie rex/Med Guds Nåd, Sveriges och Norges Konung ("by Grace of God, King of Sweden and Norway"); and 26 Apr 1357 - 21 Jun 1359 by Erik XII: Dei gratia sveorum gotorumque rex et dominus terre scanie/Med Guds Nåde Svea och Göta Konung och Herre över Skånes Land ("by the Grace, King of Sweden and Gotland and Lord over Scania");
(e) 18 Feb 1364 - 23 Jul 1396: Med Guds Nåde, Sveriges och Götes Konung, Herre över Skåne ("by the Grace of God, King of the Swedes and the Goths, Lord over Scania");
(f) 23 Jul 1396 -  1 Oct 1439: Med Guds Nåde, Sveriges, Danmarks, Norges, Vendes och Götes Konung, Hertig i Pommern ("by the Grace of God, King of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, and Duke of Pomerania");
(g) 1448 - 2 Jul 1457, 9 Aug 1464 - 15 May 1470: Med Guds Nåde, Sveriges, Norges och Götes Konung ("by the Grace of God, King of Sweden, Norway and the Goths");
(h) 2 Jul 1457 - 17 Apr 1464
: Med Guds Nåde, Danmarks, Sveriges, Norges, Vendes och Götes Konung, Greve i Oldenburg och Delmenhorst (from 1460: Med Guds Nåde, Danmarks, Sveriges, Norges, Vendes och Götes Konung, Hertig i Slesvig, Greve i Holsten, Stormarn, Oldenburg och Delmenhorst)("by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst [from 1460: "by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends, and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Count of Holstein, Stormarn, Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"]);
(i) 18 Oct 1497 -  6 Jun 1523: Med Guds Nåde, Danmarks, Sveriges, Norges, Vendes och Götes Konung, Hertig i Slesvig, Holsten, Stormarn och Ditmarsken, Greve udi Oldenburg och Delmenhorst ("by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen, Count within Oldenburg, Delmenhorst");
(j) 6 Jun 1523 -  4 Nov 1814 and 7 Jun 1905 - 19 Sep 1973: Med Guds Nåde, Sveriges, Götes och Vendes
Konung/Drottning ("by the Grace of God, King/Queen of Sweden, the Goths and the Wends"); 
(k) 4 Nov 1814 -  7 Jun 1905: Med Guds Nåde, Sveriges, Norges, Götes och Vendes Konung ("by the Grace of God, King/Queen of Sweden, Norway, the Goths and the Wends"); 
(l) from 19 Sep 1973: Sveriges Konung ("King of Sweden").

 ²During the period 1809-1876 there were two heads of government, called Prime Minister for Justice and Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs. These were equal in status, but soon the Prime Minister for Justice evolved as the leading force of the government, being informally called Chancellor from 1858. On 20 Mar 1876 the post of Prime minister was officially inaugurated.

Noble titles: Greve = Count; Friherre = Baron

Party abbreviations: CP = Centerpartiet (Center Party, agrarian centrist, est. 1913); 
FPL = Folkpartiet Liberalerna (People's Party Liberals, liberal, est.1934);
MS = Moderata Samlingspartiet (Moderate Coalition Party, center-right; first called the Conservative party [HP}, est.1904); SAP = Sveriges Socialdemokratiska Arbetarepartiet (Sweden Social Democratic Workers' Party, est.1889); VP = Vänsterpartiet (Left Party, socialist, est.1917); 
- Former parties: BF = Bondeförbundare (Agrarian Alliance); Caps = Lower Noblity (pacifist, self-proclaimed party of the people 1720-Aug 1772); F = Frisinnad (National Liberal Alliance); Hats = Upper Nobility (pro-monarchy, anti-Russian, 1720-Aug 1772); HP = Högerpartiet (Conservative Party, later MS); L = Lantmannapartiet (Farmer's Party); LP = Liberalpartiet (Liberal Party); LS = Liberala samlingspartiet (Liberal Coalition Party); NL = Nya lantmannapartiet (New Farmer's Party, agrarian); PMP = Protektionistiska majoritetspartiet (Protectionary Majority Party)



Scania (Skåne)
[Danish flag]
          to 26 Feb 1658
 
Map of Skane
Capital: Malmö
 
c.380                      Semi-legendary Kingdom of Scania, ruled by Rex Scaniae.
899                        One of the three united constituent parts (along with Jutland
                             and the Islands [Sealand]) of the Kingdom of Denmark.
1320 - 1332                Pawned by Denmark to Holstein.
1332 - 1360                In union with Sweden, the king of Sweden styled Rex Scaniae.
1370 - 1385                Occupied by the Hanseatic League.
26 Feb 1658                Ceded by Denmark to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde; autonomy
                             guaranteed with own assembly (Lantdagen). Skåne described
                             by Sweden as "domestic but foreign land", includes the 
                             provinces of Scania (proper), Blekinge, Bornholm (returned to
                             Denmark 27 May 1660) and Halland. The king of Sweden adds the
                             style of Duke of Skåne.
27 Jun 1676 -  4 Dec 1676  Occupied by Denmark.
1719                       Reorganized into counties of Kristianstad and Malmöhus. 
1720                       Autonomy abolished.
 9 Feb 1801 - 27 Mar 1809  Office of governor-general restored.


Governors-general of Skane, Halland and Blekinge
18 Mar 1658 - 15 Sep 1664  Gustaf Otto greve Stenbock         (b. 1614 - d. 1658)
15 Sep 1664 - 1669         Gustaf Persson friherre Banér      (b. 1618 - d. 1689)
1669 - 31 May 1676         Claes Danckwardt-Lillieström       (b. 1613 - d. 1681)
 1 Jun 1676 - 30 Jul 1677  Fabian friherre von Fersen,        (b. 1626 - d. 1677)
                             friherre von Cronendahl
 3 Aug 1677 - 1679         Göran Kaspersson friherre Sperling (b. 1630 - d. 1691)
14 Oct 1679 - 10 Jun 1680  Johan Göransson greve              (b. 1635 - d. 1680)
                             Gyllenstierna
Governor-general of Skane, Halland and Bohuslän
 4 Sep 1680 - 17 Apr 1693  Rutger friherre von Ascheberg      (b. 1621 - d. 1693)
Governors
23 Dec 1693 - 1698         Otto Ottosson greve Vellingk       (b. 1649 - d. 1708)
 4 Jul 1698 - 27 Dec 1705  Carl Gustaf greve Rehnskiöld       (b. 1651 - d. 1722)
Governor-general of Skane
27 Dec 1705 - 1711         Magnus greve Stenbock              (b. 1664 - d. 1717)
Governors
1711 - 1716                Jacob frierre Burenskiöld          (b. 1655 - d. 1738)
1716 - 1717                Carl Gustaf Skytte                 (b. 164. - d. 1717)
28 Jun 1717 - 1719         Carl Gustaf greve Hård             (b. 1674 - d. 1744)
Governor-general
 9 Feb 1801 - 27 Mar 1809  Johan Kristoffer friherre Toll     (b. 1743 - d. 1817)

Chairmen of the Lantdagen
26 Feb 1658 - 1720         ....

Noble titles: greve = Count; friherre = Baron.



Gotland Island

1288 - 1361                City of Visby a republic.
1361                       Gotland Island under Danish rule.
1392 -  5 Apr 1398         Pirate rule (called "Brothers of the Vitals" because 
                             they captured Hansa ships usually transporting food
                             during the war against Denmark).
 5 Apr 1398 - 1408         Teutonic Order rule.
1408                       Danish rule.
Jul 1525 - Aug 1526        Administered by Free City of Lübeck.
13 Aug 1645                Annexed by Sweden.
 1 May 1676 - Sep 1679     Occupied by Denmark.
24 Apr 1808 - 18 May 1808  Briefly occupied by Russia.

Danish Governors
1361 - 1396                ....
1396 - 1398                Sven Sture

Brothers of the Vitals (Vitalianer)

1392 - 1394                ....
1394 - 1398                Klaus Störtebecker                 (d. 1401)
                           + Godeke Michels                   (d. 1402)
c.1398                     Arent Styke
Teutonic Governor
c.1398 - c.1408            Johann Teckwitz
Danish Governors
1408 - 1411                ....
1411 - 1437                Truid Hase
1437 - 1448                
Erik "av Pommern"                  (b. 1382 - d. 1459)
1448 - 1449                Magnus Gren
1449 - 1464                Olof Axelsson Tott
1464 - 1487                Ivar Axelsson Tott
1487 - 1509                Jöns Holgersson Ulfstand
1509 - 1517                Lauritz Schinkel
1517 - 1525                Soren Norby
Jul 1525 - Aug 1526        Hennecke von Ahlefeld 
1526 - 1528                Paul Sehestedt
1528 - 1530                Michael Sehestedt
1530 -  6 Dec 1537         Henrik Rosencrantz
1538 - 1539                Klaus Rantzau
                           + Kristofer Stygge
1539 - 1544                Uladislaus Wobesser
1544 - 1551                Eyler Hardenberg
1551 - 1557                Otto Rud
1557 - 1560                Kristofer Hvitfeldt
1560 - 1571                Jöns Bilde
1571 - 1576                Kristofer Walkendorff
1576 -  6 Jun 1584         Emicke Kaas
1584 - 1587                Magnus Göje
20 oct 1587 - 1591         Erik Lycke
25 May 1591 - 1595         Nils Bilde
1595 - af.31 Oct 1607      Herman Juel
1608 - 1614                Brostrup Gädda
1614 - 1619                Detlof Holk
1619 - 1625                Kristian Uhlefeldt
1625 - 1627                Falk Lycke
19 Jun 1627 - 1633         Jöns Höyg
1633 - May 1645            Holger Rosencrantz
1676 - 1679                Thomas Wallenstein (Walgustein)
1679                       Gustav Soop

Russian Military Commander
24 Apr 1808 - 18 May 1808  Nikolay Andreyevich Bodisko        (b. 1757 - d. 1815)








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