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German States before 1918 R-Z
Noble titles: Edler/Edle = Noble; Erzherzog/Erzherzogin = Archduke/Archduchess; Freiherr/Freifrau = Baron/Baroness; Fürst/Fürstin = Prince/Princess; Gefürsteter Graf/Gräfin = Princely Count/Countess; Graf/Gräfin = Count/Countess; Grossherzog/Grossherzogin = Grand Duke/Duchess; Herr/Herrin = Lord/Lady; Herzog/Herzogin = Duke/Duchess; Kaiser/Kaiserin = Emperor/Empress; Köing/Königin = King/Queen; Kurfürst/Kurfürstin = Prince/Princess Elector; Landgraf/Landgräfin = Landgrave/Landgravine; Markgraf/Markgräfin = Margrave/Margravine; Pfalzgraf/Pfalzgräfin = Count/Countess Palatine; Pfalzgraf/Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein = Count/Countess Palatine of the Rhine; Prinz/Prinzessin = Prince/Princess; Reichsfreiherr = Imperial Baron; Reichsgraf/Reichsgräfin = Imperial Count/Countess; Rheingraf/Rheingräfin = Rhinegrave/Rhinegravine; Ritter = Knight; Wildgraf = Wildgrave.
- Maps showing some of the major territorial changes: Historical Map of Germany in 1660;
- Historical map of Germany in 1789; Historical map of Germany in 1803; Map of Germany in 1812;
- Map of German Confederation 1815; Map of German Empire 1871
Rantzau (Rantzow): see under Danish Counties 1660-1793
Rapperswil (Rapperschwyl): see under Swiss Territories
Ravenstein: see under Netherlands provinces
Reckheim (Rekem): see under Belgium
Regensburg Bishopric
![[Regensburg (Germany)]](de-rg_hi.gif "[Regensburg (Germany)]")
739
Bishopric of Regensburg (Hochstift
Regensburg)(formerly
Ratisbon).
1 May 1190 - 10 Nov 1245
Imperial administration of Regensburg city.
13th
cent.
Bishops made Princes of the Empire.
1 Dec
1802
Principality of Regensburg(-Aschaffenburg)(Fürstentum
Regensburg [-Aschaffenburg]/Principauté
de Ratisbonne) created
for the
Prince-primate Karl Theodor Anton Maria
Freiherr von
und
zu Dalberg, Archbishop of Mayence
(Mainz)(to be composed of
Aschaffenburg, Regensburg Bishopric, Regensbug Free
City, County
of
Wetzlar, and abbies of St. Emmeram, Nieder- und
Obermünster).
27 Apr
1803
Final Act (enactment of Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
of
25 Feb 1803) abolishes the electoral principality of
Mayence
(Mainz);
archbishop preserves offices of Archchancellor and
Prince-Elector with new See of Ratisbon
(Regensburg).
2 Jul
1805
Papal confirmation of the change of location of the
seat of the archbishopric from Mainz to Regensburg.
6 Aug
1806
Frankfurt administered by Regensburg.
16 Feb
1810
Separate Grand Duchy of Frankfurt
(Grossherzogtum Frankfurt/
Grand-duché de Francfort) formed for the
Prince Primate.
9 May 1810 - 22 May 1810
French administration (see Regensburg city).
22 May 1810 - 10 Feb 1811
Bavarian administration
(see Regensburg city).
10 Feb 1811
Regensburg annexed to Bavaria by treaty with
France.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu
Regensberg)
4 Nov 1685 - 29 Sep 1694
Joseph Clemens von Bayern von
(b. 1671 - d. 1716)
Wittelsbach
26 Mar 1716 - 26 Apr 1719
Clemens August Maria Herzog von (b.
1700 - d. 1761)
Bayern
29 Jul 1719 - 27 Jan 1763 Johann
Theodor Cardinal von Bayern (b.
1703 - d. 1763)
27 Apr 1763 - 20 Aug 1768
Klemens Wenzeslaus Herzog von
(b. 1739 - d. 1812)
Sachsen
18 Jan 1769 - 15 Feb 1787 Anton
Ignaz Graf von Fugger-Glött (b. 1711 - d.
1787)
20 Apr 1787 - 30 Dec 1789
Maximilian Polykarp Graf von Törring (b. 1739 - d. 1789)
-Jettenbach
30 Mar 1790 - 1
Dec 1802 Joseph Konrad Freiherr von
(b. 1743 - d. 1803)
Schroffenberg
(continues as bishop to 4 Apr 1803)
Governor
26 Nov 1802 - 1 Dec 1802
Karl Christian Ernst Graf von
(b. 1767 - d. 1849)
Benzel-Sternau
Landeskommissar
1 Dec 1802 - 30 Dec 1802 Joseph
Benedikt Graf von Thurn
(b. 1744 - d. 1825)
und Valsassina
Prince-Archbishop (title
Erzbischof und Fürst von Regensburg)
30 Dec 1802 - 9 May 1810
Carl Theodor Anton Maria Freiherr (b.
1744 - d. 1817)
von und zu Dalberg, Reichserzkanzler
und Kurfürst, Fürst-Primas
(25 Sep 1806 - 16 Feb 1810 Fürst von Frankfurt;
from 16 Feb 1810, Grossherzog von Frankfurt)
Gouverneur of Regensburg
1806 - 9 May 1810
Franz Joseph
Martin Freiherr von (b. 1748 - d.
1816)
Albini auf Dürrenried
Regensburg Free City
![[Regensburg free city to 1802
(Germany)]](de-by-r.gif "[Regensburg free city to 1802
(Germany)]")
788 - 1 May 1190
Regensburg (Ratisbon)
castle commanded by an (eventually) hereditary,
Burggraf
(initially styled urbis prefectus).
954 - 1245
Regensburg the main residence of
the dukes of Bavaria.
1 May 1190 - 10 Nov 1245 Imperial
administration.
10 Nov 1245
Imperial Free City of Regensburg (Freie
Reichstadt Regensburg),
with four mayors from c.1523; four
"succession lines" can be
distinguished.
18 Jul 1486 - 1 Jun 1492 Occupied by
Bavaria.
13 Nov 1633 - 22 Jul 1634 Occupied by
Swedish.
1663 - 1806
Seat of the Perpetual Imperial Diet (Immerwährender
Reichstag) of
the Holy
Roman Empire.
26 Nov 1802 - 1 Dec 1802 Administered
by Mainz.
1 Dec 1802
Assigned to Karl Theodor von und zu Dalberg,
Prince-Primate
(see Regensburg).
20 Apr 1809 - 23 Apr 1809 Austrian
occupation.
9 May 1810 - 22 May 1810
French administration.
22 May 1810 - 10 Feb 1811 Bavarian
administration.
10 Feb 1811
Regensburg annexed to Bavaria by
treaty with France.
Mayors (title Bürgermeister)
- Line 1 -
1699 - 1700
Johann Christoph Wendler (3rd time)
1700 – 1701
Esaias Feischel (1st time)
1701 – 1702
Georg Elsperger (3rd time)
1702 – 1703
Johann Christoph Wendler (4th time)
1703 – 1704
Esaias Feischel (2nd time)
1704 – 1705
Georg Elsperger (4th time)
1705 – 1706
Johann Christoph Wendler (5th time)
1706 - 1707
Esaias Feischel (3rd
time)
1707 - 1708
Georg Elsperger (5th time)
1708 - 1710
Georg Heinrich Braun
1710 - 1712
Johann Christoph
Dallnsteiner
1712 - 1713
Johann Christoph Wild
(1st time)
1713 – 1714
Emanuel Harrer
1714 - 1716
Johann Christoph
Wendler (6th time)
1716 - 1717
Johann Georg Bölgel (1st
time)
1717 - 1718
Paulus Memminger (1st
time)
1718 - 1719
Christian
Zimmermann (1st time)
1719 - 1720
Johann Georg
Bölgel (2nd time)
1720 - 1721
Paulus Memminger
(2nd time)
1721 - 1722
Christian
Zimmermann (2nd time)
1722 - 1723
Johann Georg Bölgel
(3rd time)
1723 – 1724
Johann Christoph
Wild (2nd time)
1724 - 1725
Michael Geidinger
1725 – 1726
Christian Zimmermann
(3rd time)
1726 – 1727
Johann Christoph
Wild (3rd time)
1727 – 1728
Michael Reutinger
1728 – 1729
Christian Zimmermann (4th
time)
1729 – 1730
Georg Gottlieb Harrer
1730 – 1731
Johann Christoph
Wild (4th time)
1731 - 1732
Paul Memminger (1st
time)
1732 - 1733
Johann Ulrich Bösner
(1st time)
1733 – 1734
Johann Wilhelm Adler
(1st time)
1734 - 1735
Johann Ulrich Bösner
(2nd time)
1735 - 1736
Paul Memminger
(2nd time)
1736 – 1737
Georg Matthias Selpert
(1st time)
1737 – 1738
Johann Wilhelm
Adler (2nd time)
1738 – 1739
Johann Ulrich
Bösner (3rd time)
1739 - 1740
Johann Albrecht
Wendler
1740 – 1741
Johann Georg
Glätzel (1st time)
1741 – 1742
Georg Matthias von
Selpert (2nd time)
1742 – 1743
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(1st
time)
1743 – 1744
Romanus Brauser
1744 – 1745
Johann Eduard
Habrecht (1st time)
1745 – 1746
Johann Georg
Glätzel (2nd time)
1746 – 1747
Johann Georg Bart
(1st time)
1747 – 1748
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(2nd
time)
1749 - 1750
Johann Georg Bart
(2nd time)
1750 - 1751
Friedrich Ludwig
Häberl (1st time)
1751 – 1752
Johann Eduard
Habrecht (2nd time)
1752 - 1753
Gottfried Christian
Mämminger,
1754 - 1755
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(3rd
time)
1755 – 1756
Johann Georg Glätzel
(3rd time)
1756 – 1757
Johann Georg
Gritsch (1st time)
1757 – 1758
Friedrich Ludwig
Häberl (2nd time)
1758 – 1759
Christoph Siegmund Koch (1st time)
1759 – 1760
Johann Georg Gritsch (2nd time)
1760 - 1761
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl (3rd time)
1761 – 1762
Christoph Siegmund Koch (2nd time)
1762 - 1763
Johann Georg Gritsch (3rd time)
1763 – 1764
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl (4th time)
1764 - 1765
Johann Heinrich Rostock
1765 – 1766
Johann Georg Glätzel (4th time)
1766 - 1767
Johann Christoph Wendler (1st time)
1767 – 1768
Johann Ludwig Grimm
1768 – 1769
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (1st time) (b.
1721 - d. 1807)
1769 - 1770
Johann Georg Glätzel (5th time)
1770 - 1771
Johann Christoph Wendler (2nd time)
1771 - 1772
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl (5th time)
1772 - 1773
Ludwig Cornelius Ritter
1773 - 1774
Johann Georg Glätzel (6th time)
1774 - 1778
Johann Christoph Wendler (3rd time)
1778 - 1779
Michael Friedrich Wild
1779 - 1780
Johann Eduard Habrecht (1st time)
1780 - 1781
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(1st
time)
1781 - 1782
Siegmund Georg Ulrich
Bösner
(b. 1726 - d. 1800)
1782 - 1783
Johann Emanuel Wild (1st time)
1783 - 1785
Georg Septimus Dieterichs
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1785 - 1786
Hieronymus Mamminger (1st time)
1786 - 1787
Johann Eduard Habrecht (2nd time)
1787 - 1788
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(2nd
time)
1788 - 1789
Johann Emanuel Wild (2nd time)
1789 - 1790
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1790 – 1791
Hieronymus Mämminger (2nd time)
1791 – 1792
Johann Eduard Habrecht (3rd time)
1792 – 1793
Hieronymus Mämminger (3rd time)
1793 - 1794
Johann Eduard Habrecht (4th time)
1794 - 28 sep 1795
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (4th time) (s.a.)
28 Sep 1795 - 29 Mar 1796 Johann Barthol
Gumpelzheimer
(3rd
time)
29 Mar 1796 - 1797 Johann
Eduard Habrecht (5th time)
1797 - Sep 1797
Johann Friedrich Häberl
(b. 1732 - d. 1797)
1798 – 1801
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (5th time) (s.a.)
1801 - 26 Nov 1802 Christoph
Andreas Mämminger
- Line 2 –
1699 - 1700
Johann Jakob Fuchs (4th
time)
1700 – 1701
Johann Jakob von Berg
(4th time)
1701 – 1702
Jonas Paul Sebald
(4th time)
1702 - 1703
Johann Jakob
Fuchs (5thd time)
1703 – 1704
Johann Jakob von Berg (5th
time)
1704 – 1705
Jonas Paul Sebald
(5th time)
1705 – 1706
Georg Heinrich Braun
1706 - 1707
Johann Jakob von
Berg (6th time)
1707 - 1708
Jonas Paulus Sebald
(6th time)
1708 - 1709
Georg Elsperger
(3rd time)
1709 - 1710
Emanuel Harrer
(1st time)
1710 - 1712
Johann Christoph
Wendler
1712 - 1713
Johann Christoph
Dallnsteiner
(1st
time)
1713 - 1714
Johann Christoph
Wild (1st time)
1714 - 1715
Emanuel Harrer
(2nd time)
1715 - 1716
Ruprecht Siegmund Häberl
(1st time)
1716 - 1717
Johann Christoph
Dallnsteiner
(2nd
time)
1717 - 1718
Johann Christoph Wild
(2nd time)
1718 - 1719
Ruprecht Siegmund Häberl
(2nd time)
1719 - 1720
Johann Christoph
Dallnsteiner
(3rd
time)
1720 - 1721
Johann Christoph
Wild (3rd time)
1721 - 1722
Ruprecht Siegmund
Häberl (3rd time)
1722 – 24 Apr 1722 Johann
Christoph Dallnsteiner
(4th
time)
24 Apr 1722 - 1723 Christian
Zimmermann (1st time)
1723 – 1724
Johann Georg Bölgel (1st
time)
1724 - 1725
Paulus Memminger
1725 – 1726
Heinrich Johann
Plato
1726 – 1727
Johann Georg Bölgel
(2nd time)
1727 – 1728
Paul Memminger
1728 – 1729
Michael Reutinger
1729 – 1730
Christian
Zimmermann (2nd time)
1730 – 1732
Georg Gottlieb
Harrer (1st time)
1732 - 1733
Christian
Zimmermann (3rd time)
1733 – 1734
Georg Gottlieb
Harrer (2nd time)
1734 - 1735
Johann
Wilhelm Adler (1st time)
1735 - 1737
Georg Gottlieb
Harrer (3rd time)
1737 – 1738
Georg Matthias von
Selpert (b. 1688
- d. 1750)
(1st time)
1738 – 1739
Johann Wilhelm
Adler (2nd time)
1739 - 1740
Johann Ulrich
Bösner
1740 – 1741
Georg Gottlieb Harrer
(4th time)
1741 – 1742
Johann Georg Glätzel (1st
time)
1742 – 1744
Georg Matthias von
Selpert
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
1744 – 1745
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(1st
time)
1745 – 1746
Johann Eduard
Habrecht
1746 – 1747
Georg Matthias von
Selpert
(s.a.)
(3rd
time)
1747 – 1748
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl
(1st time)
1748 – 1749
Johann Georg Glätzel
(2nd time)
1749 - 1750
Georg Matthias von
Selpert
(4th
time)
1750 - 1751
Gottfried Christian
Mämminger
(1st
time)
1750 - 1751
Johann Friedrich
Bart
1751 – 1752
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(2nd
time)
1752 - 1753
Johann Georg Glätzel
(3rd time)
1753 - 1754
Gottfried
Christian Mämminger
(2nd
time)
1754 - 1755
Friedrich Ludwig
Häberl (2nd time)
1755 – 1756
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(3rd
time)
1756 – 1757
Johann Georg Glätzel (4th
time)
1757 – 1758
Gottfried Christian
Mämminger
(3rd
time)
1758 – 1759
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(4th
time)
1759 – 1760
Johann Georg
Glätzel (5th time)
1760 - 1761
Gottfried Christoph
Mämminger
(4th
time)
1761 – 1762
Georg Albrecht Gumpelzheimer
(5th
time)
1762 - 1763
Johann Georg Glätzel (6th time)
1763 – 1764
Gottfried Christoph Mämminger
(5th
time)
1764 - 1765
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl (3rd time)
1765 – 1766
Johann Heinrich Rostock
1766 - 1767
Gottfried Christoph Mämminger
(6th
time)
1767 – 1768
Johann Christoph Wendler
1768 – 1769
Johann Ludwig Grimm (1st time)
1769 - 1770
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (1st time) (s.a.)
1770 - 1771
Johann Georg Glätzel (7th time)
1771 - 1772
Johann Ludwig Grimm (2nd time)
1772 - 1773
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (2nd time) (s.a.)
1773 - 1774
Ludwig Cornelius Ritter
1774 - 1779
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (3rd time) (s.a.)
1779 - 1780
Michael Friedrich Wild
1780 - 1781
Johann Eduard Habrecht (1st time)
1781 - 1782
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(1st
time)
1782 - 1783
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (4th time) (s.a.)
1783 – 1785
Johann Emanuel Wild (1st time)
1785 – 1786
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (5th time) (s.a.)
1786 - 1787
Hieronymus Mämminger
1787 - 1788
Johann Eduard Habrecht (2nd time)
1788 - 1789
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(2nd
time)
1789 – 1790
Johann Emanuel Wild (2nd time)
1790 – 1791
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (6th time)
(s.a.)
1791 – 1792
Siegmund Georg Ulrich Bösner
(b. 1726 - d. 1800)
1792 – 1793
Johann Eduard Habrecht (3rd time)
1793 - 1794
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (7th time) (s.a.)
1794 - 1795
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(3rd
time)
1795 – 1798
Vacant
1798 – 1800
Johann Georg Plato
1800 – 1802
Johann Eduard Habrecht (4th time)
1802 – 26 Nov 1802 Georg
Septimus Dieterichs (8th time) (s.a.)
- Line 3 –
1699 - 1700
Georg Elsperger
(4th time)
1700 – 1701
Johann Christoph
Wendler (3rd time)
1701 – 1702
Esaias Feischel (1st
time)
1702 – 1703
Georg Elsperger (5th time)
1703 – 1704
Johann Christoph
Wendler (4th time)
1704 – 1705
Esaias Feischel (2nd
time)
1705 – 1706
Georg Elsperger (6th
time)
1706 - 1707
Johann Christoph
Wendler (5th time)
1707 - 1709
Emanuel Harrer
(1st time)
1709 - 1710
Johann Christoph
Wild (1st time)
1710 - 1711
Emanuel Harrer (2nd time)
1711 - 1712
Ruprecht Siegmund Häberl
1712 - 1713
Johann Christoph
Wendler (6th time)
1713 - 1714
Johann Christoph
Dallnsteiner
1714 - 1715
Johann Christoph Wild
(2nd time)
1715 - 1716
Paulus Memminger (1st
time)
1716 - 1717
Christian
Zimmermann (1st time)
1717 - 1718
Johann Georg
Bölgel (1st time)
1718 - 1719
Paulus Memminger
(2nd time)
1719 - 1720
Christian Zimmermann (2nd
time)
1720 - 1721
Johann Georg
Bölgel (2nd time)
1721 - 1722
Paulus Memminger (3rd
time)
1722 - 1723
Heinrich Johann
Plato
1723 – 1724
Christian Zimmermann (3rd
time)
1724 - 1725
Johann Christoph Wild
(3rd time)
1725 – 1726
Michael Reutinger
(1st time)
1726 – 1727
Georg Gottlieb
Harrer
1727 – 1728
Johann Christoph
Wild (4th time)
1728 – 1729
Paul Memminger
(1st time)
1729 – 1730
Michael Reutinger
(2nd time)
1730 – 1732
Christian Zimmermann (4th
time)
1732 - 1733
Paul Memminger (2nd
time)
1733 – 1734
Christian Zimmermann
(5th time)
1734 - 1735
Johann Ulrich
Bösner
1735 - 1736
Johann Wilhelm
Adler
1736 – 1737
Johann Albrecht Wendler
(1st time)
1737 – 1738
Georg Gottlieb
Harrer (1st time)
1738 – 1739
Georg Matthias
Selpert
1739 - 1740
Johann Georg Bart
(1st time)
1740 – 1741
Johann Albrecht Wendler
(2nd time)
1741 – 1742
Georg Gottlieb
Harrer (2nd time)
1742 – 1744
Johann Georg
Glätzel (1st time)
1744 – 1745
Friedrich Ludwig
Häberl (1st time)
1745 – 1746
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(1st
time)
1746 – 1747
Johann Georg
Glätzel (2nd time)
1747 – 1748
Johann Georg Bart
(2nd time)
1748 – 1749
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(2nd
time)
1749 - 1750
Johann Georg
Glätzel (3rd time)
1750 - 1751
Gottfried Christian
Mämminger
(1st
time)
1751 – 1752
Johann Georg Bart
(3rd time)
1752 - 1753
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(3rd
time)
1753 - 1754
Georg Oesterlein
1754 - 1755
Gottfried Christoph
Mämminger
(2nd
time)
1755 – 1756
Friedrich Ludwig
Häberl (2nd time)
1756 – 1757
Christoph Siegmund
Koch (1st time)
1757 – 1758
Johann Georg Gritsch
(1st time)
1758 – 1759
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl
(3rd time)
1759 – 1760
Christoph Siegmund
Koch (2nd time)
1760 - 1761
Johann Georg Gritsch
(2nd time)
1761 – 1762
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl (4th time)
1762 - 1763
Christoph Siegmund Koch (3rd time)
1763 – 1764
Johann Georg Gritsch (3rd time)
1764 - 1765
Johann Ludwig Grimm
1765 – 1766
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl (5th time)
1766 - 1767
Johann Georg Glätzel (3rd time)
1767 – 1768
Gottfried Christoph Mämminger
(3rd
time)
1768 – 1770
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl (6th time)
1770 - 1771
Ludwig Cornelius Ritter
1771 - 1773
Johann Christoph Wendler
1773 - 1774
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (1st time) (s.a.)
1774 - 1778
Siegmund Georg Ulrich
Bösner
(s.a.)
1778 - 1779
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(1st
time)
1779 - 1780
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (2nd time) (s.a.)
1780 - 1781
Michael Friedrich Wild
1781 - 1782
Johann Eduard Habrecht (1st time)
1782 - 1785
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(2nd
time)
1785 - 1786
Johann Emanuel Wild (1st time)
1786 - 1787
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1787 - 1789
Hieronymus Mämminger
1789 - 1790
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(3rd
time)
1790 – 1791
Johann Emanuel Wild (2nd time)
1791 – 1793
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (4th time) (s.a.)
1793 - 1794
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(4th
time)
1794 - 1795
Johann Eduard Habrecht (2nd time)
1795 – 1798
Vacant
1798 – 1801
Christoph Andreas Mämminger
(b. 1761 - d. 1827)
1801 - 1802
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (5th time) (s.a.)
1802 – 26 Nov 1802 Johann
Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(5th
time)
- Line 4 -
1699 - 1700
Jonas Paul Sebald
(4th time)
1700 – 1701
Johann Jakob Fuchs
(4th time)
1701 – 1702
Johann Jakob von
Berg (4th time)
1702 – 1703
Johann Paulus
Sebald (5th time)
1703 – 1704
Johann Jakob Fuchs (5th
time)
1704 – 1705
Johann Jakob von
Berg (5th time)
1705 – 1706
Johann Paulus Sebald (6th
time)
1706 - 1707
Georg Heinrich Braun
1707 - 1709
Johann Christoph
Wendler
1709 - 1710
Georg Elsperger
(2nd time)
1710 - 1711
Johann Christoph Wild (1st
time)
1711 - 1712
Emanuel Harrer
1712 - 1714
Ruprecht Siegmund Häberl
(1st time)
1714 - 1715
Johann Christoph
Dallnsteiner
(1st
time)
1715 - 1716
Johann Christoph
Wild (2nd time)
1716 - 1717
Ruprecht Siegmund
Häberl (2nd time)
1717 - 1718
Johann Christoph
Dallnsteiner
(2nd
time)
1718 - 1719
Johann Christoph
Wild (3rd time)
1719 - 1720
Ruprecht Siegmund Häberl
(3rd time)
1720 - 1721
Johann Christian
Dallnsteiner
(3rd
time)
1721 - 1722
Johann Christoph
Wild (4th time)
1722 - 1723
Paulus Memminger
(1st time)
1723 – 1724
Heinrich Johann Plato
1724 - 1725
Johann Georg Bölgel
1725 – 1726
Paulus Memminger
(2nd time)
1726 – 1727
Christian Zimmermann (1st
time)
1727 – 1728
Georg Gottlieb
Harrer
1728 – 1729
Johann Christoph
Wild (5th time)
1729 – 1730
Paul Memminger (1st
time)
1730 – 1731
Michael Reutinger
1731 - 1732
Paul Memminger (2nd
time)
1732 - 1733
Johann Ulrich
Bösner (1st time)
1733 – 1734
Paul Memminger
(3rd time)
1734 - 1735
Christian
Zimmermann (2nd time)
1735 - 1737
Johann Ulrich
Bösner (2nd time)
1737 – 1738
Johann Albrecht Wendler
1738 – 1739
Georg Gottlieb
Harrer
1739 - 1740
Georg Matthias
von Selpert
(s.a.)
(1st
time)
1740 – 1742
Johann Georg Bart
(1st time)
1742 – 1743
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(1st
time)
1743 – 1744
Johann Georg Bart (2nd
time)
1744 – 1745
Georg Matthias von
Selpert
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
1745 – 1746
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl
(1st time)
1746 – 1747
Johann Eduard
Habrecht
1747 – 1748
Georg Matthias von
Selpert
(s.a.)
(3rd
time)
1748 – 1749
Friedrich
Ludwig Häberl (2nd time)
1749 - 1750
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(2nd
time)
1750 - 1751
Johann Georg Glätzel
(1st time)
1751 – 1753
Friedrich Ludwig
Häberl (3rd time)
1753 - 1754
Johann Georg Glätzel (2nd
time)
1754 - 1755
Georg Oesterlein
1755 – 1756
Gottfried Christian
Mämminger
(1st
time)
1756 – 1757
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(3rd
time)
1757 – 1758
Johann Georg Glätzel
(3rd time)
1758 – 1759
Gottlieb Christoph
Mämminger
(2nd
time)
1759 – 1760
Georg Albrecht
Gumpelzheimer
(4th
time)
1760 - 1761
Johann Georg Glätzel (4th time)
1761 – 1762
Gottfried Christoph Mämminger
(3rd
time)
1762 - 1763
Georg Albrecht Gumpelzheimer
(5th
time)
1763 – 1764
Johann Georg Glätzel (5th time)
1764 - 1765
Gottfried Christoph Mämminger
(4th
time)
1765 – 1766
Johann Ludwig Grimm (1st time)
1766 - 1767
Friedrich Ludwig Häberl (4th time)
1767 – 1768
Johann Georg Glatzel (6th time)
1768 – 1769
Johann Christoph Wendler
1769 - 1770
Johann Ludwig Grimm (2nd time)
1770 - 1771
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (1st time) (s.a.)
1771 - 1772
Johann Georg Glätzel (7th time)
1772 - 1777
Johann Ludwig Grimm (3rd time)
1777 - 1778
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(1st
time)
1778 - 1780
Siegmund Georg Ulrich
Bösner (s.a.)
(1st
time)
1780 - 1781
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (2nd time) (s.a.)
1781 - 1782
Siegmund Georg Ulrich Bösner
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
1782 - 1785
Johann Eduard Habrecht (1st time)
1785 - 1786
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(2nd
time)
1786 - 1787
Johann Emanuel Wild
1787 - 1788
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1788 - 1790
Johann Eduard Habrecht (2nd time)
1790 – 1793
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(3rd
time)
1793 - 1794
Johann Eduard Habrecht (3rd time)
1794 - 1795
Georg Septimus Dieterichs (4th time)
(s.a.)
1795 – 1798
Vacant
1798 – 1802
Johann Barthol Gumpelzheimer
(4th
time)
1802 – 26 Nov 1802
Johann Eduard Habrecht (4th time)
Governor
26 Nov 1802 - 1 Dec 1802 Karl
Christian Ernst Graf
von (b. 1767 -
d. 1849)
Benzel-Sternau
Landeskommissar
1 Dec 1802 - 30 Dec 1802 Joseph Benedikt
Graf von Thurn (b. 1744 - d.
1825)
und Valsassina
Statthalter von Regensburg
1802 - 9 May 1810
Franz Joseph
Martin Freiherr von (b. 1748 -
d. 1816)
Albini auf Dürrenried
French Administrator
9 May 1810 - 22 May 1810 Jean-Dominique
Comte De Compans (b.
1769 - d. 1845)
Bavarian Hofkommissär im Fürstentum Regensburg
22 May 1810 - 1810
Joseph Maria
Reichsfreiherr von (b. 1756 -
d. 1819)
Weichs auf Steingriff
Remiremont (abbey): see under France provinces to 1791
Reuss
- 1099 The ruling house is founded by Heinrich "der Fromme,"
- appointed Vogt ("advocate") to administer royal domain of
- Gera.
- c.1303 Heinrich, founder of the junior Plauen line, whose mother
- was a Russian princess, adopts the byname "der Reusse"
- (i.e., the Russian), Reuss gradually becoming the dynastic
- name.
- 1564 Split into three lines, one of which is extinct 1616
- 5 Sep 1673 All ruling members of the dynasty become Reichsgrafen
- (counts, immediate vassals of the king); although the
- dynasty is already split into the "senior line" (Ältere
- Linie) and the "junior line" (Jüngere Linie), the common
- style, with only the distinction of the initial word, is
- Älterer/Jüngerer Linie Graf Reuss, Graf und Herr von Plauen,
- Herr von Greiz, Kranichfeld, Gera, Schleiz und Lobenstein.
- 4 Apr 1919 Two lines united as People's State of Reuss (Volksstaat
- Reuss)(see German states since 1918).
Reuss-Schleiz (Reuss
Junior Line)
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|
- 5 Sep 1673 The dynastic line is divided into Reuss-Schleiz, Reuss-
- Gera, and Reuss-Lobenstein.
- 12 Dec 1678 Reuss-Lobenstein split into Reuss-Lobenstein, Reuss-
- Hirschberg (extinct 29 Oct 1711), and Reuss-Ebersdorf.
- 11 Oct 1790 Reuss-Lobenstein becomes principality (Fürstentum Reuss-
- Lobenstein); style: Jüngerer Linie Fürst Reuss zu
- Lobenstein, Graf und Herr von Plauen, etc. (s.a.)
- 26 Apr 1802 Reuss-Schleiz and Reuss-Gera are unified into Reuss-Schleiz
- und Gera.
- 9 Apr 1806 Reuss-Ebersdorf becomes principality (Fürstentum Reuss-
- Ebersdorf); style: Jüngerer Linie Fürst Reuss zu Ebersdorf,
- Graf und Herr von Plauen, etc. (s.a.).
- 9 Apr 1806 Reuss-Schleiz und Gera becomes principality (Fürstentum
- Reuss-Schleiz-Gera); style: Jüngerer Linie regierender
- Fürst Reuss zu Schleiz (und Gera), Graf und Herr von
- Plauen, etc. (s.a.).
- 1 Oct 1848 Reuss-Schleiz-Gera, Reuss-Ebersdorf, and Reuss-Lobenstein
- combine into Fürstentum Reuss Jüngere Linie; style: Jüngerer
- Linie regierender Fürst Reuss, Graf und Herr von Plauen,
- Herr von Greiz, Kranichfeld, Gera, Schleiz und Lobenstein.
- 11 Nov 1918 Free State of Reuss Junior Line (Freistaat Reuss jüngerer
- Linie)(see German states since 1918).
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National Anthem "Heil unserm Fürsten, Heil" (Hail to our Prince, Hail!) |
(to 1918) |
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![[Reuss-Schleiz (Germany)]](de-re_ge.gif "[Reuss-Schleiz (Germany)]")
| Map of
Reuss-Schleiz |
Capital:
Schleiz |
Population:
16,560 (1810) |
Counts
28 Mar 1692 - 28 Jul 1726 Heinrich
XI
(b. 1669 - d. 1726)
28 Jul 1726 - 6 Dec 1744 Heinrich
I
(b. 1695 - d. 1744)
6 Dec 1744 - 25 Jun 1784 Heinrich
XII
(b. 1716 - d. 1784)
25 Jun 1784 - 26 Apr 1802 Heinrich
XLII
(b. 1752 - d. 1818)
Reuss-Gera
| Map of
Reuss-Gera |
Capital:
Gera |
Population:
22,835 (1810) |
Counts
23 Mar 1686 - 25 Nov 1735 Heinrich
XVIII
(b. 1677 - d. 1735)
25 Nov 1735 - 13 Mar 1748 Heinrich
XXV
(b. 1681 - d. 1748)
13 Mar 1748 - 26 Apr 1802 Heinrich
XXX
(b. 1727 - d. 1802)
Reuss-Hirschberg
Count
12 Dec 1678 - 29 Oct 1711 Heinrich
VIII
(b. 1652 - d. 1711)
Reuss-Lobenstein
| Map of
Reuss-Lobenstein |
Capital:
Lobenstein |
Population:
7,498 (1810) |
Counts
12 Dec 1678 - 24 May 1710 Heinrich
III
(b. 1648 - d. 1710)
24 May 1710 - 12 May 1739 Heinrich
XV
(b. 1674 - d. 1739)
12 May 1739 - 6 May 1782 Heinrich
II
(b. 1702 - d. 1782)
6 May 1782 - 11 Oct 1790 Heinrich
XXXV
(b. 1738 - d. 1805)
Princes
11 Oct 1790 - 30 Mar 1805 Heinrich
XXXV
(s.a.)
30 Mar 1805 - 7 May 1824 Heinrich LIV
(acting to 5 Jul 1806) (b. 1767 - d. 1824)
7 May 1824 - 1 Oct 1848 Heinrich
LXXII
(b. 1797 - d. 1853)
(personal union with Reuss-Ebersdorf)
Reuss-Ebersdorf
| Map of
Reuss-Ebersdorf |
Capital:
Ebersdorf |
Population:
7,837 (1810) |
Counts
12 Dec 1678 - 20 Jun 1711 Heinrich
X
(b. 1662 - d. 1711)
20 Jun 1711 - 22 May 1747 Heinrich
XXIX
(b. 1699 - d. 1747)
22 May 1747 - 13 May 1779 Heinrich
XXIV
(b. 1724 - d. 1779)
13 May 1779 - 9 Apr 1806 Heinrich
LI
(b. 1761 - d. 1822)
Princes
9 Apr 1806 - 10 Jul 1822 Heinrich
LI
(s.a.)
10 Jul 1822 - 1 Oct 1848 Heinrich
LXXII
(s.a.)
(from 7 May 1824 personal union with Reuss-Lobenstein)
Reuss-Schleiz-Gera and Reuss Junior Line
Count
26 Apr 1802 - 9 Apr 1806 Heinrich
XLII
(s.a.)
Princes
9 Apr 1806 - 17 Apr 1818 Heinrich
XLII
(s.a.)
17 Apr 1818 - 19 Jun 1854 Heinrich
LXII
(b. 1785 - d. 1854)
19 Jun 1854 - 11 Jul 1867 Heinrich
LXVII
(b. 1789 - d. 1867)
11 Jul 1867 - 29 Mar 1913 Heinrich
XIV
(b. 1832 - d. 1913)
29 Mar 1913 - 11 Nov 1918 Heinrich
XXVII
(b. 1858 - d. 1928)
Ministers of State (Staatsminister)(until
1848 the common government for Reuss-Lobenstein,
Reuss-Ebersdorf, and Reuss-Schleiz-Gera)
1771 - 1818
Johann Christian von
Strauch (b. 17.. -
d. 1821)
(Privy Councilor [Geheimer Rat])
1806 - 1821
Heinrich Eduard von
Eichelsberg (b. 1757 - d. 1821)
(Eychelberg)(chancellor [Kanzler])
1821 - 1824
Georg Walter Vinzenz Freiherr von
(b. 1769 - d. 1824)
Wiese
1825 - 1839
Gustav Adolph von
Strauch
(b. 1790 - d. 1839)
(provisional to Jan 1827)
1840 - 1855
Hermann Robert Bretschneider
(b. 1796 - d. 1870)
(from 1842, Hermann Robert von
Bretschneider)
1856 - 1862
Eduard von
Geldern
(b. 1806 - d. 1866)
1862 - 1877
Andreas Paul Adolph von
Harbou (b. 1809 - d. 1877)
1877 - 1892
Emil von
Beulwitz
(b. 1821 - d. 1893)
1892 - 1896
Christian August Anton
Vollert (b. 1826 - d. 1897)
1896 -
1902
Walter Engelhardt
1 Oct 1902 - 7 Nov 1918 Karl
Franz Ernst von
Hinüber (b. 1854 -
d. 1929)
7 Nov 1918 - 10 Nov 1918 Paul
Ruckdeschel
(b. 1864 - d. 1942)
Reuss-Greiz (Reuss Senior Line)
![[Reuss-Plauen ältere Linie
to 1820 (Germany)]](de-re_pe.gif "[Reuss-Plauen ältere
Linie to 1820 (Germany)]") to 1820 |
![[Reuss-Greiz, Reuss Senior
Line 1820-1918 (Germany)]](de-re_gr.gif "[Reuss-Greiz,
Reuss Senior Line 1820-1918 (Germany)]") 1820 - 11 Nov 1918 |
- 5 Sep 1673 The dynastic line is divided into Reuss-Untergreiz, Reuss-
- Burgk (merged into Reuss-Untergreiz 13 Oct 1697), Reuss-
- Rothental (merged into Reuss-Untergreiz 22 Feb 1698),
- and Reuss-Obergreiz (split into Reuss-Obergreiz and
- Reuss-Dölau 1694, reunited 17 Nov 1722).
- 17 Mar 1768 Reuss-Untergreiz and Reuss-Obergreiz combine to re-form
- Reuss-Greiz, encompassing the whole senior-line polity.
- 12 May 1778 Polity elevated to rank of principality (Fürstentum Reuss
- Ältere Linie); style: Älterer Linie souveräner Fürst Reuss,
- Graf und Herr von Plauen, Herr von Greiz, Kranichfeld,
- Gera, Schleiz und Lobenstein.
- 11 Nov 1918 Free State of Reuss Senior Line (Freistaat Reuss älterer
- Linie)(see German states since 1918).
| Map of Reuss Senior Line | National Anthem "Die Reussenhymne" ("Gott, erhalt' in Deiner Gnaden Unsern Fürsten" (The Reuss Hymn)(God, by your grace preserve our Prince) |
Text
of National Anthem (1860-1918) |
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Counts
3 Mar 1675 - 14 Apr 1733 Heinrich
XIII
(b. 1672 - d. 1733)
- jointly with -
3 Mar 1675 - 20 Jun 1682 Heinrich
XIV
(b. 1674 - d. 1682)
14 Apr 1733 - 17 Mar 1768 Heinrich
III
(b. 1701 - d. 1768)
Reuss-Obergreiz
Counts
18 Mar 1681 - 21 Oct 1697
Heinrich
VI
(b. 1649 - d. 1697)
- jointly with the following two -
18 Mar 1681 - 9 Oct 1690
Heinrich
XV
(b. 1676 - d. 1690)
18 Mar 1681 - 6 Mar 1698
Heinrich
XVI
(b. 1678 - d. 1698)
(from 1694 Reuss-Dölau)
21 Oct 1697 - 7 Sep 1714
Heinrich
I
(b. 1693 - d. 1714)
- jointly with -
21 Oct 1697 - 17 Nov 1722
Heinrich
II
(b. 1696 - d. 1722)
(from 6 Mar 1698 in personal union with Reuss-Dölau)
21 Oct 1697 - 4 Feb 1717
Henriette Amalie Freiin
von (b. 1668 -
d. 1732)
Friesen (f) -Regent
(for Heinrich I and Heinrich
II)
17 Nov 1722 - 17 Mar 1723
Heinrich
IX
(b. 1718 - d. 1723)
17 Nov 1722 - 17 Mar 1723 Sophie
Charlotte Gräfin
von (b. 1697 -
d. 1748)
Bothmer (f) -Regent (1st time)
17 Mar 1723 - 17 Mar 1768
Heinrich
XI
(b. 1722 - d. 1800)
17 Nov 1723 - 18 Mar 1743 Sophie
Charlotte Gräfin
von
(s.a.)
Bothmer (f) -Regent (2nd time)
Reuss-Greiz, later Reuss Senior Line
to 1820 |
1820 - 1918 |
Count
17 Mar 1768 - 12 May 1778 Heinrich
XI
(s.a.)
Princes
12 May 1778 - 28 Jun 1800 Heinrich
XI
(s.a.)
28 Jun 1800 - 29 Jan 1817 Heinrich
XIII
(b. 1747 - d. 1817)
29 Jan 1817 - 31 Oct 1836 Heinrich
XIX
(b. 1790 - d. 1836)
31 Oct 1836 - 8 Nov 1859 Heinrich
XX
(b. 1794 - d. 1859)
8 Nov 1859 - 19 Apr 1902
Heinrich
XXII
(b. 1846 - d. 1902)
8 Nov 1859 - 28 Mar 1867
Princess Karoline (f) -Regent
(b. 1819 - d. 1872)
19 Apr 1902 - 11 Nov 1918 Heinrich
XXIV
(b. 1878 - d. 1927)
15 Oct 1908 - 11 Nov 1918 Heinrich XXVII
-Regent
(b. 1858 - d. 1928)
Government and Konsistorial Presidents
(principal ministers)
1782 - 1841
Franz Christian Ferdinand von Grün (b. 1758 - d. 1841)
1841 - Jun
1848
Ludwig Freiherr von und
zu (b.
1794 - d. 1872)
Mannsbach
1 Jul 1848 - 6
May 1861 Franz Eduard
Otto
(b. c.1780 - d. c.1865)
1861 - 26 Jan
1870
Hugo Moritz
Herman
(b. 1809 - d. 1870)
1 Jun 1870 - 30 Sep
1874 Otto Theodor
Meusel
(b. 1832 - d. 1906)
1874 -
1888
Albert Friedrich Wilhelm Faber
(b. 1817 - d. af.1888)
1888 - 13 Apr
1892
Alfred August
Mortag
(b. 1824 - d. 1892)
1893 - 17 Sep
1900
Theodor von
Dietel
(b. 1830 - d. 1900)
1901 - 11 Nov
1918
Ernst August von
Meding
(b. 1855 - d. 1928)
Rheda
c.1170
Lordship of Rheda (Herrschaft Rheda).
1190
Extinct; to Lippe.
1344 - 1365
To Lippe-Rheda.
1365 - 27 Mar 1565 To
Count of Tecklenburg.
27 Mar 1565 - 1606 To
Bentheim-Tecklenburg.
1606
County of Rheda (Grafschaft Rheda)
under the
Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda
dynasty after the division
of Bentheim-Tecklenburg (confirmed 1609).
1 May
1808
Annexed to Berg.
9 Jun
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Graf von
Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda)
25 Feb 1674 - 29 Aug 1704 Johann
Adolf
(b. 1637 - d. 1704)
29 Aug 1704 - 13 Dec 1710
Friedrich
Moritz
(b. 1653 - d. 1710)
13 Dec 1710 - 2 Jun 1768
Moritz Kasimir
I
(b. 1701 - d. 1768)
2 Jun 1768 - 4 Nov
1805 Moritz Kasimir
II
(b. 1735 - d. 1805)
4 Nov 1805 - 20 Apr 1806
Moritz Kasimir
III
(b. 1764 - d. 1806)
20 Apr 1806 - 1 May 1808
Emil Friedrich
(b. 1765 - d. 1837)
Rheina-Wolbeck
|
![[Rheina-Wolbeck
1803-1806 (Germany)]](de-wo_hi.gif "[Rheina-Wolbeck
1803-1806 (Germany)]")
created for Duke Wilhelm Josef von Looz-Corswarem as
compensation for his lost territories in the Austrian
Netherlands.
26 Jul 1806 Annexed to Berg.
13 Dec 1810 Annexed to France (part of département Lippe).
(see under Germany).
25 Nov 1813 - 25 Jun 1815 Allied administration.
25 Jun 1815 Annexed to Hanover.
17 Dec 1824 Incorporated into Prussia.
Princes (title Fürst zu Rheina-Wohlbeck)
23 Nov 1802 - 20 Mar 1803
Wilhelm Joseph Alexander
(b. 1732 - d. 1803)
20 Mar 1803 - 26 Jul 1806
Joseph
Arnold
(b. 1770 - d. 1827)
Rietberg
1 Sep
1237
Lordship of Rietberg, formed when
Conrad I of Cuijk-
Arnsberg acquired Rietberg from Lippe.
1353
County
of Rietberg (Grafschaft Rietberg), immediate.
1456
Made fief of Hesse-Cassel.
1562 - 1656
To Hesse-Cassel directly
1618
To Johann III, a scion of
East Frisia (Ostfriesland).
1690 - 1702
Under Imperial sequestration
administration.
1 Jan
1758
Under the Kaunitz-Rietberg dynasty.
28 Aug
1807
Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
1813 - 25 May
1815
Allied administration.
25 May
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Graf von Rietberg)
17 Mar 1660 - 1 Jan 1758 Marie
Ernestine Franziska -Countess (b.
1687 - d. 1758)
1 Jan 1758 - 27 Jun 1794
Wenzel Anton Graf von
Kaunitz (b. 1711 -
d. 1794)
27 Jun 1794 - 19 May 1797 Ernst
Christoph
(b. 1737 - d. 1797)
19 May 1797 - 28 Aug 1807 Dominicus
Andreas Graf
von
(b. 1739 - d. 1812)
Questenberg
Rottenmünster (Rothenmünster)
9 May 1224
Cistercian Abbey of Rottenmünster (Stift
Rottenmünster).
1237
Imperial immediacy
granted.
1442
Abbesses also Princesses of the Empire.
23 Nov 1802
Occupied by Württemberg.
27 Apr
1803
Secularized and annexed to Württemberg.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstäbtissin zu
Rottenmünster)
1650 - 1658
Susanna von Pflummern
(b. 1588 - d. 1664)
1658 -
1687
Ursula Scherlin
(b. c.1617 - d.1687)
1687 - 1725
Maria Williburg Frey
(d. 1725)
1725 - 1733
Maria Magdalena Schneider
1733 - 1748
Barbara von Pflummern
(d. 1751)
17 Oct 1748 - 1 Aug 1762 Thesselina
Eberlin (Eberle)
(b. c.1700 - d. 1762)
17 Aug 1762 - 1777
Magdalena Mayr (Maier)
1777 - 1796
Maria Barbara Barxel
(b. 1721 - d. 1796)
1796 - 1802
Maria Juliana
Mayr (Maier) (b. 1751
- d. 1826)
![[Rottweil free city flag
(Germany)]](rottweil.jpg "[Rottweil free city flag (Germany)]")
1268
Imperial Free City of
Rottweil (Freie und Reichsstadt
Rottweil).
1463
Treaty of military
cooperation with the Swiss Confederation.
1519 - 1632
Associate member (Zugewandte
Orte) of Swiss Confederation
with
all 13 cantons.
1632
Treaty renewed
but with only 7 cantons (Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz,
Unterwalden, Zug, Solothurn, and Fribourg).
19 Nov 1634 - 2 Dec 1634 French
occupation.
10 Sep 1802
Annexed to Württemberg.
Schultheiss
.... - 1802?
....
Mayors (title Bürgermeister)(annual
rotation)
1683 – 1700
Johann Jakob Kuon
1699 - 1709?
Johann Waibel (von Wildeck)
1701 - 1729
Ignaz Moser
bf.1710
Johann Wilhelm
Herderer
c.1710 - c.1736
Caspar Ignaz Herderer
(b. 1665 - d. 1736)
1730 - 1737
Joseph Schrof
1731 - 1737
Anton Lindau
1738 - 1748/52
Johann Anastasius Gebel (Göbel)
(b. 1701 - d. 1755)
1739 - c.1755
Joseph Matthauer
1764
Judas Thaddäus
Herderer
c.1768
Franz Joachim Thaddäus
Hederer
1776?
Uhl
1781
Johann Anton Gassner
1782 - 1802
Franz Joseph Mayer
(b. 1736
- d. 1803)
1796 - 1802
Johann Baptist Joseph Karl Hofer
(b. 1759 - d. 1838)
Rügen: see under Swedish Pomerania
Saint Gall (Sankt Gallen): see under Swiss Cantons
Saint Gerold: see Vorarlberg under Austrian lands to 1918
Salm
![[Salm-Salm
1386-1803 (Germany)]](de_salm2.gif "[Salm-Salm 1386-1803
(Germany)]")
|
|
(Salm-Salm: Senones 1751-1803; Salm-Kyrburg: Kirn 1742-1803) |
Salm-Kyrburg: 59,086 (1810) |
1059
County of Salm (Grafschaft Salm-Salm)
partitioned from Luxembourg.
1163
Partitioned
into Salm in the Vosges (Upper Salm) (lineage of the
"Wild-und Rheingrafen") and Salm in the Ardennes (Lower
Salm)
(lineage
of the lords of Reifferscheidt).
1263
Salm-Dhaun separated from Upper Salm; which from 25 Dec
1499 -
1574 part of Salm; from 10 Jun 1750 part of
Salm-Grumbach).
1499
County
of Salm-Kyrburg (from 21 Feb 1742 Principality of
Salm-Kyrburg) partitioned from Salm.
1574
Upper Salm divided into branches of Salm-Salm (from 8
Jan 1623,
Principality of Salm-Salm) and Salm-Grumbach.
1639
Salm-Reifferscheid separated from Lower-Salm.
13 Sep
1693
Salm-Reifferscheid divided into the branches of
Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur and Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck.
2 Mar 1793
Salm-Salm annexed by France.
1798
Salm-Kyrburg annexed by France.
9 Mar
1801
Salm-Dhaun, Salm-Dyck, Salm-Grumbach, and
Salm-Reifferscheid
are annexed by France (part of départements
of Rin-et-Moselle
and
Saare).
30 Oct
1802
Principality of Salm (Fürstentum Salm) formed
from County of
Anholt
and lands of the Bishopric of Münster, to be ruled
jointly by the princes of Salm-Kyrburg and Salm-Salm.
25 Feb 1803 - 2 Aug 1806 Former Count of
Salm-Grumbach is made Count of Salm-Horstmar.
28 Feb 1811
Salm-Kyrburg and Salm-Salm annexed by France (part
of départements
Bouches-de-l'Yssel and Yssel-Supérieur;
from 27 Apr 1811,
département
de la Lippe).
1813 -
1815
Allied administration.
9 Jun
1815
Annexed to Prussia
(Kyrburg part of Rhine province;
Ahaus, Bocholt, Anholt part of Westfalen
province).
1263
County of Salm-Dhaun (Grafschaft Salm-Dhaun)
25 Dec 1499 -
1574
Part of Salm
10 Jun
1750
Part of Salm-Grumbach.
9 Mar
1801
Annexation by France.
1813 -
1815
Allied administration.
9 Jun
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Wild- und Rheingraf von Salm zu
Dhaun)
26 Jun 1693 - 26 Mar 1733
Karl
(b. 1675 - d. 1733)
26 Jun 1693 - 11 Sep 1693 Anna
Katharina Gräfin
von
(b. 1653 - d. 1731)
Nassau-Ottweiler (f) -Regent
26 Mar 1733 - 13 Sep 1742 Johann
Philipp
II
(b. 1724 - d. 1742)
26 Mar 1733 - 13 Sep 1738 Luise
Gräfin von
Nassau-
(b. 1686 - d. 1773)
Ottweiler (f) -Regent
13 Sep 1742 - 24 Apr 1748
Christian
Otto
(b. 1680 - d. 1748)
24 Apr 1748 - 27 Jan 1750 Johann
Friedrich
(b. 1727 - d. 1750)
27 Jan 1750 - 23 Feb 1750 Karl
Leopold
Ludwig
(b. 1748 - d. 1750)
27 Jan 1750 - 23 Feb 1750
Karoline Friederike von
(b. 1733 - d. 1783)
Salm (f) -Regent (2nd time)
23 Feb 1750 - 10 Jun 1750
Friedrich
Wilhelm
(b. 1750 - d. 1750)
23 Feb 1750 - 10 Jun 1750
Karoline Friederike von
(s.a.)
Salm (f) -Regent (1st time)
Salm-Kyrburg
|
|
![[Salm-Salm and
Salm-Horstmar 1803-1811 (Germany)]](de-sa803.gif "[Salm-Salm and Salm-Horstmar 1803-1811
(Germany)]")
16 Nov 1688 - 1738 Part of Salm-Salm.
21 Feb 1742 Principality of Salm-Kyrburg (Fürstentum Salm-Kyrburg).
1798 Salm-Kyrburg annexed by France.
30 Oct 1802 Principality of Salm (Fürstentum Salm) formed and ruled jointly by
the princes of Salm-Kyrburg and Salm-Salm.
28 Feb 1811 Salm-Kyrburg and Salm-Salm annexed by France (from 27 Apr
1811, part of département of Lippe).
1813 - 1815 Allied administration.
9 Jun 1815 Annexed to Prussia.
Co-Regents
29 Dec 1696 - 15 Oct 1716 Heinrich Gabriel
Joseph
(b. 1674 - d. 1716)
15 Oct 1716 - 21 Feb 1742 Johann XI Dominic
Albert
(b. 1708 - d. 1778)
- jointly with -
15 Oct 1716 -
1738
Philipp Joseph
(b. 1709 - d. 1779)
Counts (title Wild-und Rheingraf zu Kyrburg)
1738 - 21 Feb
1742
Johann XI Dominic Albert
(s.a.)
- jointly with -
1738 - 21 Feb
1742
Philipp
Joseph
(s.a.)
Princes (title Reichsfürst zu Salm-Kyrburg,
Fürst zu Ahaus und Bocholt,
Wild-und Rheingraf, Graf von Renneberg)
21 Feb 1742 - 2 Jun 1778 Johann XI Dominic
Albert
(s.a.)
- jointly with -
21 Feb 1742 - 7 Jun 1779 Philipp
Joseph
(s.a.)
7 Jun 1779 - 25 Jul 1794 Friedrich
III
(b. 1745 - d. 1794)
25 Jul 1794 - 28 Feb 1811 Friedrich
IV
(b. 1789 - d.
1859)
25 Jul 1794 - 14 Dec 1810 Amalie
Zephyrine von Salm-
-Kyrburg (f) -Regent
(b. 1760 - d.
1841)
Salm-Grumbach
1574
County of Salm-Grumbach (Grafschaft Salm-Grumbach)
9 Mar
1801
Annexation by France.
25 Feb 1803 - 2 Aug 1806 Former Count made
Count of Salm-Horstmar (s.b.).
1813 -
1816
Allied administration.
1816
Part of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
1834
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Wild- und
Rheingraf von Salm zu Grumbach)
16 Nov 1668 - 25 Aug 1719 Leopold Philipp
Wilhelm
(b. 1642 - d. 1719)
15 Aug 1719 - Jun 1727 Karl
Ludwig
Philipp
(b. 1678 - d. 1727)
Jun 1727 - 11 Jul 1763 Karl
Walrad
Wilhelm
(b. 1701 - d. 1763)
11 Jul 1763 - 23 Sep 1799 Karl Ludwig Wilhelm
Theodor (b. 1720 - d.
1799)
23 Sep 1799 -
1801
Wilhelm Friedrich Karl
August (b. 1799 - d.
1865)
13 Sep 1799 -
1801
Friederike Gräfin
zu
(b. 1767 - d. 1849)
Sayn-Wittgenstein-
Hohenstein (f) -Regent
Salm-Salm
|
|
1574
County of Salm-Salm (Grafschaft Salm-Salm)
8 Jan
1623
Principality of Salm-Salm (Fürstentum
Salm-Salm)
2 Mar 1793
Annexation by France (part
of départment of the Vosges).
30 Oct
1802
Principality of Salm (Fürstentum Salm) formed
and ruled jointly by
the princes of Salm-Kyrburg and Salm-Salm.
28 Feb 1811
Salm-Kyrburg and Salm-Salm annexed by France
(from 27 Apr
1811, part of département of
Lippe).
1813 -
1815
Allied administration.
9 Jun
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Princes (title Fürst und Rheingraf von Salm zu
Salm, Wildgraf von Daun und Kyrburg,
Rheingraf von Stein, etc.)
23 Dec 1663 - 10 Nov 1710 Karl Theodor
Otto
(b. 1645 - d. 1710)
23 Dec 1663 - 27 Jul 1666 Karl III Herzog
von Lothringen (b. 1543 - d.
1608)
und Mercœur -Tutor
10 Nov 1710 - 23 Nov 1738 Ludwig
Otto
(b. 1674 - d. 1738)
23 Nov 1738 - 4 Feb 1770 Nicholas
Leopold
(b. 1707 - d. 1770)
(acting to 14 Jan 1739)
4 Feb 1770 - 29 Jul 1778
Ludwig Otto
Karl
(b. 1721 - d. 1778)
14 Sep 1773 - 29 Jul 1778 Marie Louise
Eleonore Landgräfin (b. 1729 - d. 1800)
von Hessen (f) -Regent (1st
time)
29 Jul 1778 - 28 Feb 1811 Konstantine
Alexander
Joseph (b.
1773 - d. 1828)
29 Jul 1778 - 22 Nov 1783 Marie Louise
Eleonore Landgräfin (s.a.)
von Hessen (f) -Regent (2nd
time)
+ Wilhelm Florentin Johann Felix, (b. 1745 -
d. 1810)
Bischof von Doornik -Regent
Salm-Reifferscheid
1163
County of Upper Salm
1455
County of Salm-Reifferscheid (Grafschaft
Salm-Reifferscheid)
9 Mar
1801
Annexation by France.
1813 -
1815
Allied administration.
9 Jun
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Altgraf von Salm Reifferscheid
zu Bedbur)
16 Jul 1678 - 4 Jun 1734 Franz Wilhelm
I
(b. 1672 - d. 1734)
16 Jul 1678 - 14 Aug 1693 Ernestine Barbara
Dorothea (b. 1654
- d. 1698)
Sibylle Grafin zu Löwenstein-
Wertheim-Rochefort (f) -Regent
4 Jun 1734 - 13 Jul 1755 Karl Anton
Joseph
(b. 1697 - d. 1755)
13 Jul 1755 - 27 Feb 1798
Siegmund
(b. 1735 - d. 1798)
13 Jul 1755 - 13 Jun 1756 Maria Franziska
Gräfin
(b. 1702 - d. 1778)
Esterházy (f) -Regent
27 Feb 1798 - 9 Mar 1801 Franz Wilhelm
II
(b. 1772 - d. 1831)
Salm-Dyck
10..
Lordship of Salm-Dyck (Herrschaft Salm-Dyck).
1475 - 13 Sep
1639
Part of Salm-Reifferscheid.
13 Sep
1693
County of Salm-Dyck (Grafschaft Salm-Dyck)
9 Mar
1801
Annexation by France.
1813 -
1815
Allied administration.
9 Jun
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Altgraf von Salm Reifferscheid
zu Dyck)
11 Jun 1684 - 16 Jul 1727 Franz
Ernst
(b. 1659 - d. 1727)
16 Jul 1727 - 10 Oct 1727 August
Eugen
Bernhard
(b. 1706 - d. 1767)
16 Jul 1727 - 10 Oct 1727 Anna
Franziska Fürstin von
(b. 1683 - d. 1776)
Thurn und Taxis (f) -Regent
5 Oct 1767 - 17 Aug 1775
Johann Franz
Wilhelm
(b. 1714 - d. 1775)
17 Aug 1775 - 9 Mar 1801
Joseph Franz
Maria
(b. 1773 - d. 1861)
17 Aug 1775 - 6 Jan 1776
Auguste Gräfin von Waldburg-
(b. 1743 - d. 1776)
Zeil-Wurzach (f) -Regent
6 Jan 1776 - 9 Mar
1801 .... -Regent
Salm-Horstmar
|
18 Aug 1802 County of Salm-Horstmar (Grafschaft Salm-Horstmar) created
for the former count of Salm-Grumbach.
2 Aug 1806 Annexed to Berg.
13 Dec 1810 Annexation by France (from 27 Apr 1811 département de la Lippe).
1813 - 25 May 1815 Allied administration.
25 May 1815 Annexed to Prussia (part of Westfalen province).
Count (title Wild- und Rheingraf von Salm zu
Horstmar)
18 Aug 1802 - 2 Aug 1806
Wilhelm Friedrich Karl
August (b. 1799 - d. 1865)
18 Aug 1802 - 2 Aug 1806
Friederike Gräfin
zu
(b. 1767 - d. 1849)
Sayn-Wittgenstein-
Hohenstein (f) -Regent
Salzburg (archbishopric/electorate): see Austrian lands to 1918
Savoy (Savoyen): see Sardinia-Piedmont under Italian states to 1860
Saxe-Lauenburg: see Lauenburg
Saxon duchies
1 Jan
1249
The defunct office of Landgraf von
Thüringen is revived by
the king and conferred upon Heinrich "der Erlauchte" of
the
Wettin dynasty.
19 May
1547
The ruler of the Albertine line of dukes of Saxony
abandons
the style of Landgrave and continues as Duke of Saxony.
21 Feb
1566
Division into Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Weimar.
Note: All monarchs in this section
belong to the Ernestine line of the Wettin dynasty.
Every polity in this account is a Duchy of Saxe-X (Herzogtum
Sachsen-X) and its ruler is styled Herzog
von Sachsen, Herzog zu Sachsen-X. The
only exception is the Grand Duchy of
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, later styled Grand Duchy of Saxony
(Grossherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar
-Eisenach, Grossherzogtum Sachsen),
after 1815.
![[Saxe-Altenburg to 1832
(Germany)]](de_sn-ab826.gif "[Saxe-Altenburg to 1832
(Germany)]") to 1832 |
![[Saxe-Altenburg 1832 -1893 (Germany)]](de-sb32.gif "[Saxe-Altenburg 1832 -1893 (Germany)]") 1832 - 1893 |
![[Saxe-Altenburg 1893 -1918
(Germany)]](de-sg826.gif "[Saxe-Altenburg 1893 -1918
(Germany)]") 1893 - 13 Nov 1918 |
![[Saxe-Altenburg National
flag1893 -1918 (Germany)]](de-sg893.gif "[Saxe-Altenburg
National flag 1893 -1918 (Germany)]") National Flag 1893 - 13 Nov 1918 |
|
|
"Heil unserm Herzog, Heil" (Hail to our Duke, Hail!) (1878-1918) |
"Vom Pleissengau zum Saalestrand" (From Pleissengau to the Saalestrand) |
|
|
|
|
13 Nov
1602
Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg (Herzogtum
Sachsen-Altenburg).
26 May 1672 - 11 Feb 1825 In personal
union with Saxe-Gotha
12 Nov
1826
Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg restored in exchange
for
Saxe-Hildburghausen.
13 Nov 1918
Free State of Saxe-Altenburg (Freistaat
Sachsen-Altenburg)
(see German
states since 1918).
Dukes
26 May 1672 - 11 Feb 1825 the
dukes of Saxe-Gotha
12 Nov 1826 - 29 Sep 1834
Friedrich
(b. 1763 - d. 1834)
29 Sep 1834 - 30 Nov 1848
Joseph
(b. 1789 - d. 1868)
30 Nov 1848 - 3 Aug 1853
Georg
(b. 1796 - d. 1853)
3 Aug 1853 - 7 Feb
1908 Ernst
I
(b. 1826 - d. 1908)
7 Feb 1908 - 13 Nov 1918
Ernst
II
(b. 1871 - d. 1955)
Chancellors
1682 -
1700
Johann Caspar von
Hendrich
(b. 1635 - d. 1700)
1700 -
1705
Georg Dietrich
Pflugk
(b. 1640 - d. 1705)
1706 -
1731
Heinrich Hildebrand von Einsiedel (b. 1658 - d.
1731)
1731 -
1738
Johann Georg von
Geissmar
(b. 1682 - d. 1749)
1738 -
1742
Siegmund Ehrenfried von
Oppel (b. 1687 - d. 1757)
1743 - 11 Nov
1750
Ernst Friedrich Freiherr
von (b. 1696 - d.
1756)
Seckendorff
11 Nov 1750 -
1766
Albrecht Anton von
Rüxleben (b.
1705 - d. 1770)
1766 -
1782
Johann Freiherr von Rothkirch und (b. 1710 - d.
1782)
Trach
1783 -
1789
Friedrich Karl Adam
von
(b. 1738 - d. 1789)
Schwarzenfels (acting to 1786)
1789 - 30 Nov
1826
Friedrich Carl Adolf
von
(b. 1751 - d. 1831)
Trützschler
Ministers of State
1 Dec 1826 - Sep
1830 Friedrich Carl Adolf
von
(s.a.)
Trützschler
Sep 1830 - 25 May
1848 Johann Heinrich Ernst Edler
von (b. 1788 - d. 1863)
Braun
25 May 1848 - 9 Nov 1848
Gustav Adolf Edler von der Planitz (b. 1802 - d. 1869)
9 Nov 1848 - 1 Dec
1848 Karl Louis Graf von
Beust
(b. 1811 - d. 1888)
(1st time)
1 Dec 1848 - 22 Aug 1849
Hans Conon von der
Gabelentz (b. 1807 -
d. 1874)
22 Aug 1849 - 2 Feb 1853
Karl Louis Graf von
Beust
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
2 Feb 1853 - Jun
1867 Karl August Alfred von
Larisch (b. 1819 - d. 1897)
Jun 1867 -
1879
Friedrich Leopold Wolf
Ludwig (b. 1826 - d.
1899)
Wendelin von Gerstenbergk, Edler
von Zech
1880 - 22 Aug
1891
Hugo Heinrich Alfred von Leipziger (b. 1823 - d. 1896)
22 Aug 1891 - Aug
1904 Georg Heinrich von
Helldorf (b.
1834 - d. 1907)
1904 - 1 Dec
1912
Friedrich Arthur von
Borries (b. 1853 -
d. 1923)
1 Dec 1912 - Jul
1915 Robert von
Scheller-Steinwartz (b. 1865 -
d. 1921)
Jul 1915 - 12 Nov
1918 Waldemar Philip Paul
Alexander (b. 1865 - d.
1938)
von Wussow
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1826 - 14 Nov 1918 |
![[Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
semi-official flag c.1888-1918 (Germany)]](de-sg911.gif "[Saxe-Coburg-Gotha semi-official flag
c.1888-1918 (Germany)]") c.1880 - 1918 Semi-official flag |
|
and Gotha |
"Heil unserm Herzog, Heil!" (Hail to our Duke, Hail!) |
State Anthem "Der Coburger Marsch" (The Coburg March)(1826-1918) |
| Capital: Coburg (Summer Capital: Gotha) |
Constitution | Population: 242,292 (1905) |
12 Nov
1826
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Gotha enter into
personal union, styled Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha).
14 Nov
1918
De facto separation of Coburg and Gotha following the
resignation
of the
Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (de jure from 12 Apr
1919).
(see
German
states since 1918).
Dukes
12 Nov 1826 - 29 Jan 1844 Ernst
I
(b. 1784 - d. 1844)
29 Jan 1844 - 22 Aug 1893 Ernst
II
(b. 1818 - d. 1893)
22 Aug 1893 - 30 Jul 1900
Alfred
(b. 1844 - d. 1900)
30 Jul 1900 - 14 Nov 1918 Carl
Eduard
(b. 1884 - d. 1954)
30 Jul 1900 - 19 Jul 1905 Ernst II Fürst
zu Hohenlohe- (b. 1863 - d. 1950)
Langenburg -Regent
Ministers of State
12 Nov 1826 -
1826
Albrecht Anton Adolph
Hofmann (b. 1758 - d.
1837)
1826 - 21 Jan
1840
Christoph Anton Ferdinand Freiherr (b. 1785 - d. 1840)
von Carlowitz
Jan 1840 - Oct
1840 Dietrich
Carl August Freiherr von (b. 1793 - d. 1867)
Stein (1st time)
Oct 1840 - 1 Mar
1846 Georg Ferdinand Freiherr
von Lepel (b. 1779 - d. 1873)
1 Mar 1846 - 1 Dec
1849 Dietrich Carl August Freiherr von
(s.a.)
Stein (2nd time)
1 Dec 1849 - Mar
1888 Camillo Richard von
Seebach (b.
1808 - d. 1894)
(from 1855, Camillo Richard
Freiherr von Seebach)
Mar 1888 - 14 Nov
1891 Gisbert Gustav Bogislaw
Karl von (b. 1841 - d. 1913)
Bonin-Brettin
14 Nov 1891 - Nov 1900
Carl Friedrich von
Strenge
(b. 1843 - d. 1907)
Nov 1900 - 19 May
1905 Philipp Otto
Hentig
(b. 1852 - d. 1934)
19 May 1905 - 5 May 1914
Ernst Friedrich Hermann
von (b. 1862 -
d. 1935)
Richter
5 May 1914 - 14
Nov 1918 Hans Barthold von
Bassewitz (b.
1867 - d. 1949) Non-party
Saxe-Coburg (-Saalfeld)
| Map of Saxe-Coburg |
Capital:
Coburg (Saalfeld 1735-1764) |
Population:
61,00 (1810) |
6 Nov
1572
(de jure 14 Dec 1596) Duchy of Saxe-Coburg (Herzogtum
Sachsen-Coburg).
26 Jul
1633
Extinct, divided between Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Weimar.
5 Mar
1680
Duchy of Saxe-Coburg (Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg).
16 Aug
1699
Extinct.
29 Jul
1735
The joint rulers of the non-sovereign line of
Saxe-Saalfeld
establish the (sovereign) Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
(Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld).
27 Jan 1807 - 28 Jul 1807 Occupied by
France.
11 Sep
1816
Lichtenberg (from 6 Mar 1819, Fürstentum Lichtenberg)
a
possession of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
12 Nov
1826
Personal union with Saxe-Gotha;
the union which is
styled Saxe-Coburg and
Gotha.
15 Aug 1834
Principality of Lichtenberg
is sold to Prussia.
10 Nov
1918
Free State of Saxe Coburg (Freistaat Sachsen-Coburg).
14 Nov
1918
De facto separation of Gotha following the resignation
of the Duke
of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (confirmed by the agreement
between
Coburg and Gotha from 12 Apr 1919).
Dukes
29 Jul 1735 - 4 Sep 1745 Christian
Ernst
(b. 1683 - d. 1745)
- jointly with -
29 Jul 1735 - 16 Sep 1764 Franz
Josias
(b. 1697 - d. 1764)
16 Sep 1764 - 8 Sep 1800 Ernst
Friedrich
(b. 1724 - d. 1800)
8 Sep 1800 - 9 Dec
1806 Franz Friedrich
Anton
(b. 1750 - d. 1806)
9 Dec 1806 - 27 Jan 1807
Ernst I (1st
time)
(b. 1784 - d. 1844)
28 Jul 1807 - 12 Nov 1826 Ernst I (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Directing Councillor
1735 -
1756
Johann Friedrich
Gruner
(b. 1688 - d. 1756)
Secret Councillor
1756 -
1758
Christoph Siegmund von Hendrich (b.
1711 - d. 1760)
Chancellors
1758 -
1780
Wilhelm Friedrich von Beulwitz
(b. 1722 - d. 1780)
1780 - Apr
1796
Johann Melchior
Heuschkel
(b. 1719 - d. 1796)
(acting to 1781)
Apr 1796 - 30 Apr
1802 Georg Friedrich
Schnetter
(b. 1745 - d. 1811)
Ministers Directing the State
Ministry
1801 - 26 Jan
1808
Karl Theodor von
Kretschmann (b. 1762
- d. 1820)
26 Jan 1808 - 4 Apr 1808
Johann Ernst von Gruner (acting) (b. 1757 -
d. 1822)
Presidents of the State Ministry
4 Apr 1808 - Jun 1822
Johann Ernst von
Gruner
(s.a.)
Jun 1822 - 30 Nov
1826 Albrecht Anton Adolph
Hofmann (b. 1758 - d.
1837)
(acting from 1 May 1822)
Saxe-Eisenach
6 Nov
1572
(de jure 14 Dec 1596) Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach
(Herzogtum
Sachsen-Eisenach).
2 Nov
1638
Extinct, incorporated into Saxe-Weimar.
22 Sep
1641
Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach (Herzogtum
Sachsen-Eisenach).
Sep
1662
Saxe-Eisenach divided into Saxe-Jena and Saxe-Eisenach.
1698
Saxe-Jena and Saxe-Eisenach re-united by the ruler of
Saxe-Jena, re-establishing Saxe-Eisenach.
26 Jul
1741
Personal union with Saxe-Weimar;
the polities jointly
often being styled Saxe-Weimar und Eisenach.
Dukes
10 Nov 1698 - 4 Jan 1729 Johann
Wilhelm
II
(b. 1666 - d. 1729)
4 Jan 1729 - 26 Jul 1741
Wilhelm
Heinrich
(b. 1691 - d. 1741)
Commissioner for Weimar
26 Jul 1741 - 28 Aug 1748 Joachim
Christoph von Moltke
(b. 1699 - d. 1781)
Director of the Weimar State adminsistration
28 Aug 1748 - 2 Dec 1749 Joachim
Christoph von Moltke
(s.a.)
State Director for Weimar
2 Dec 1749 - 11 Nov 1750
Albrecht Anton von
Rüxleben (b.
1705 - d. 1770)
Governor
11 Nov 1750 - 10 Jan 1756 Heinrich Graf
von
Bünau
(b. 1697 - d. 1762)
Secret Councillor and Vice-Chancellor
1697 -
1701
Johann Wilhelm
Schröter
(b. 1653 - d. 1714)
Presidents of Government
1701 -
1714
Johann Heinrich
Leonardi
(b. 1646 - d. 1714)
1714 -
1729
Christian von
Griesheim
(b. 1668 - d. 1737)
1729 -
1744
Johann Hartmann Gärtner
von (b. 1674 -
d. 1744)
Grüneck
Chancellors
1744 -
1749
Bartholomäus
Kellner
(b. 1666 - d. 1752)
(acting to 1748)
1749 -
1750
Vacant
1750 - 10 Jan
1756
Karl Ernst von
Rehdiger
(b. 1692 - d. 1766)
10 Jan 1756 -
1781
Johann Christian von
Göckel (b.
1713 - d. 1781)
1781 -
1806
Johann Ludwig von Mauchenheim,
(b. 1739 - d. 1806)
gen. von Bechtoldsheim
1806 -
1814
Johann Christian von
Damnitz (b. 1747 -
d. 1818)
1814 -
1829
Christian August
Thon
(b. 1754 - d. 1829)
1829 -
1836
Georg Friedrich Konrad Ludwig von (b. 1780 - d.
1838)
Gerstenbergk, gen. Müller
1837 - 30 Jun
1850
Gustav Leopold Konstantin Wittich (b. 1783 - d.
1857)
Saxe-Gotha
| Map of Saxe-Gotha |
Capital:
Gotha |
Population:
187,000 (1810) (incl. Saxe-Altenburg) |
21 Feb
1566
Duchy of Saxe-Gotha (Herzogtum Sachsen-Gotha).
6 Nov
1572
(de jure 14 Dec 1596) divided into Saxe-Coburg and
Saxe-Eisenach.
22 Sep
1641
Duchy of Saxe-Gotha (Herzogtum
Sachsen-Gotha).
25 May
1672
In personal union with Saxe-Altenburg.
5 Mar
1680
Divided into Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Meiningen,
Saxe-Hildburghausen, plus three non-sovereign lines
(Saxe-Römhild, Saxe-Eisenberg, Saxe-Saalfeld).
11 Feb
1825
Ruling lineage extinct.
12 Nov
1826
Duchy restored in personal union with Saxe-Coburg, the
union is styled Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha.
9 Nov
1918
Gotha Republic (Gothaer Republik), Duke is
declared deposed by
the Workers' and Soldiers' Council in Gotha.
14 Nov
1918
De facto separation of Gotha following the resignation
of the Duke
of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (confirmed by the agreement
between
Coburg and Gotha from 12 Apr 1919)(see German states
since 1918).
Dukes
5 Mar 1680 - 12 Aug 1691
Friedrich
I
(b. 1646 - d. 1691)
12 Aug 1691 - 23 Mar 1732 Friedrich
II
(b. 1676 - d. 1732)
12 Aug 1691 - Dec 1693
Bernhard I Herzog von Sachsen,
(b. 1649 - d. 1706)
Fürst von Meiningen -Regent
- jointly with -
12 Aug 1691 - Dec 1693
Heinrich Herzog von
Sachsen, (b. 1650 -
d. 1710)
Fürst zu Römhild -Regent
23 Mar 1732 - 10 Mar 1772 Friedrich
III
(b. 1699 - d. 1772)
10 Mar 1772 - 20 Apr 1804 Ernst
II
(b. 1745 - d. 1804)
20 Apr 1804 - 17 May 1822 Emil Leopold
August
(b. 1772 - d. 1822)
17 May 1822 - 11 Feb 1825 Friedrich
IV
(b. 1774 - d. 1825)
Leiter des Geheimen Ratskollegiums
1680 -
1689
Ernst Ludwig
Avemann
(b. 1609 - d. 1689)
1689 -
1726
Johann Friedrich Bachoff Freiherr (b. 1643 - d.
1726)
von Echt
1726 -
1736
Johann Friedrich Bachoff Freiherr (b. 1679 - d.
1736)
von Echt
1736 -
1748
Christian von
Uffel
(b. 1687 - d. 1748)
1748 - 20 Mar
1757
Siegmund Ehrenfried von
Oppel (b. 1687 - d. 1757)
20 Mar 1757 - 28 Nov 1763
Christoph Dietrich von
Keller (b. 1699 - d. 1766)
28 Nov 1763 - 1 Mar 1770
Albrecht Anton von
Rüxleben (b.
1705 - d. 1770)
1 Mar 1770 -
1790
Friedrich Karl Freiherr Ludwig
(b. 1728 - d. 1815)
Freiherr von Liechtenstein
1790 - 24 Apr
1815
Sylvius Friedrich Ludwig Freiherr (b. 1728 - d.
1815)
von Frankenburg
24 Apr 1815 - Apr
1817 Johann Wilhelm von
Thümmel
(b. 1744 - d. 1824)
Apr 1817 - 12 Nov
1826 Friedrich Karl Adolf
von
(b. 1751 - d. 1831)
Trützschler
Apr 1817 -
1823
Friedrich August von
Minkwitz (b. 1753 - d.
1823)
(acting for Trützschler)
1823 - 12 Nov
1826
Johann Karl von der
Becke
(b. 1756 - d. 1830)
(acting for Trützschler)
Chancellor
12 Nov 1826 -
1829
Friedrich Christian Alexander von (b. 1779 - d.
1835)
Seebach
Directing Presidents
1829 -
1835
Ernst Ludwig Karl von
Seebach (b. 1778 - d.
1848)
1835 -
1846
Dietrich Freiherr von
Stein (b. 1793
- d. 1867)
State Director
1846 - 31 Dec
1857
Ernst von
Wangenheim
(b. 1797 - d. 1860)
Saxe-Hildburghausen
![[Saxe-Hildburghausen, to
1815 (Germany)]](de-sghs1.gif "[Saxe-Hildburghausen, to
1815 (Germany)]") to 1815 |
1815 - 12 Nov 1826 |
|
Hildburghausen |
(Heldburg 1680-1684) |
|
5 Mar
1680
Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen (Herzogtum
Sachsen-Hildburghausen).
12 Nov
1826
Personal union with Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen,
in
exchange for Saxe-Altenburg.
Dukes
5 Mar 1680 - 17 Oct 1715
Ernst
(b. 1655 - d. 1715)
17 Oct 1715 - 9 Mar 1724 Ernst
Friedrich
I
(b. 1681 - d. 1724)
9 Mar 1724 - 13 Aug 1745
Ernst Friedrich
II
(b. 1707 - d. 1745)
9 Mar 1724 - 17 Dec 1728
Sophie Albertine Gräfin
von (b. 1683 -
d. 1742)
Erbach (f) -Regent
13 Aug 1745 - 23 Sep 1780 Ernst Friedrich
III
(b. 1727 - d. 1780)
13 Aug 1745 - 10 Jun 1748 Caroline Gräfin
von
Erbach- (b.
1700 - d. 1758)
Fürstenau (f) -Regent
23 Sep 1780 - 12 Nov 1826
Friedrich
(b. 1763 - d. 1834)
13 Sep 1780 - 4 Jan 1787 Joseph
Maria Friedrich -Regent
(b. 1702 - d. 1787)
Heads of Government (Regierungspräsidenten)
1699 -
1708
Georg Christoph von
Hessberg (b. 1647 -
d. 1711)
1708 -
1709
Gottfried von
Ruland
(b. 16.. - d. 1709)
1709 -
1721
Tobias Sutorius Erzherzog
(b. 1660 - d. 1731)
Edler von Carlestein
1721 -
1737
Nikolaus Heinrich Panzerbieter
(d. 1749)
1737 -
1747
Johann Karl von
Hessberg
(b. 1689 - d. 1750)
1747 -
1778
Christian Friedrich Marshall von (b. 1697 -
d. 1778)
Herrengosserstädt
1779 -
1789
Konrad Friedlieb von Lilienstern (b. 1727 -
d. 1789)
Chancellors
1789 -
1801
Johann Christoph
Brunnquell (b.
1723 - d. 1801)
1801 - Jul
1806
Justus Siegfried von Koppenfels (b.
1749 - d. 1816)
(Head of government)
Jul 1806 - 14 Feb
1807 Johann Ulrich
Röder
(b. 1740 - d. 1816)
Geheimes Ratskollegium
14 Feb 1807 - 29 May 1807 Karl
August Freiherr
von
(b. 1767 - d. 1845)
Lichtenstein
Directors of the State Ministry in
Hildburghausen
29 May 1807 - 28 Nov 1809 Karl
August Freiherr
von
(s.a.)
Lichtenstein
28 Nov 1809 - 24 Apr 1810 Karl
Ludwig Friedrich August von (b. 1772 - d.
1844)
Baumbach
Presidents of the State Ministry in
Hildburghausen
24 Apr 1810 - 11 Jun 1818 Karl
Ludwig Friedrich August von (s.a.)
Baumbach
11 Jun 1818 - 14 Jul 1825 Johann
Christian
Wagner
(b. 1747 - d. 1825)
14 Jul 1825 - 12 Nov 1826 Karl
Johann Heinrich
Ernst
(b. 1788 - d. 1863)
Erzerherzog Edler von Braun
21 Nov 1826 - 31 Mar 1829
Gottlieb Karl
Hieronymi
(b. 1768 - d. 1840))
Saxe-Lauenburg: see Lauenburg
Saxe-Meiningen
|
12 Sep 1818 - 12 Nov 1918 (confirmed 1835) |
![[Saxe-Meiningen Ducal flag
c.1835-1918 (Germany)]](de-sm-d1.gif "[Saxe-Meiningen
Ducal flag c.1835-1918 (Germany)]") c.1835 - 12 Nov 1918 Duke's Standard |
![[Saxe-Meiningen to 1818 (Germany)]](de-sm_mgn.gif "[Saxe-Meiningen to 1818 (Germany)]")
|
|
"Meiningen Hymne" ("Vaterland gesang der Sachsen-Meininger") |
|
|
|
|
|
5 Mar
1680
Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen (Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen).
12 Nov
1826
Personal and administrative union with Saxe-
Hildburghausen; while
the ducal style is invariably
Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Hildburghausen, the polity
is usually officially styled Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
(Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen).
12 Nov
1918
Free State of Saxe-Meiningen (Freistaat
Sachsen-Meiningen)
(see German
states since 1918).
Dukes (jointly 27 Apr 1706 - 21 Jul
1782)
5 Mar 1680 - 27 Apr 1706 Bernhard
I
(b. 1649 - d. 1706)
27 Apr 1706 - 24 Nov 1724 Ernst Ludwig
I
(b. 1672 - d. 1724)
27 Apr 1706 - 10 Mar 1746 Friedrich
Wilhelm
(b. 1679 - d. 1746)
27 Apr 1706 - 27 Jan 1763 Anton
Ulrich
(b. 1687 - d. 1763)
24 Nov 1724 - 24 Feb 1729 Ernst Ludwig
II
(b. 1709 - d. 1729)
24 Nov 1724 - 24 Feb 1729 Friedrich II Herzog
von Sachsen- (b. 1676 - d. 1732)
Gotha -Regent
24 Nov 1724 - 28 Mar 1743 Carl
Friedrich
(b. 1712 - d. 1743)
24 Nov 1724 - 23 Mar 1732 Friedrich II Herzog
von Sachsen- (s.a.)
Gotha -Regent
23 Mar 1732 - 18 Aug 1733 Friedrich III Herzog
von Sachsen- (b. 1699 - d. 1772)
Gotha -Regent
28 Mar 1743 - 10 Mar 1746 Friedrich
Wilhelm
(b. 1679 - d. 1746)
10 Mar 1746 - 27 Jan 1763 Anton
Ulrich
(b. 1687 - d. 1763)
27 Jan 1763 - 21 Jul 1782 August
Friedrich
(b. 1754 - d. 1782)
27 Jan 1763 - 24 Dec 1803 Georg
I
(b. 1761 - d. 1803)
27 Jan 1763 - 19 Nov 1775 Charlotte Amalie von
Hessen- (b. 1730 -
d. 1801)
Philippstal (f) -Regent
(for Georg I to 4 Feb 1782)
24 Dec 1803 - 20 Sep 1866 Bernhard
II
(b. 1800 - d. 1882)
24 Dec 1803 - 17 Dec 1821 Luise Eleonore
von
(b. 1763 - d. 1837)
Hohenlohe (f) -Regent
20 Sep 1866 - 25 Jun 1914 Georg
II
(b. 1826 - d. 1914)
25 Jun 1914 - 10 Nov 1918 Bernhard
III
(b. 1851 - d. 1928)
Geheimer Ratsdirektor
1699 - 1734
Johann Christoph Freiherr
von (b. 1666 - d. 1734)
Wolzogen
Government Councillors
1734 -
1735
Johann Jakob
Grimm
(d. 1749)
1735 - 10 Mar
1746
Heinrich von
Hahn
(d. 1759)
Leiter des Geheimen Ratskollegiums
10 Mar 1746 -
1758
Andreas Simson von
Biechling (b. 1686 -
d. 1758)
1758 -
1762
Johann
Nadler
(b. 1688 - d. 1762)
1762 -
1770
Justus Hermann von Pfaffenrath
(b. c.1710 - d. 1780)
1770 - 2 Jan
1779
Adolf Gottlieb von
Eyben
(b. 1741 - d. 1811)
2 Jan 1779 -
1792
Martin Christian
Grimm
(b. 1727 - d. 1792)
1792 -
1807
Franz Christian Freiherr Eckbrecht (b. 1729 - d.
1807)
von Dürckheim
1807 - 31 Mar
1829
Christian Ferdinand von Könitz
(b. 1756 - d. 1832)
Leiter des Landesministeriums
(Leaders of the State ministry)
1 Apr 1829 - Jan 1832
Christian Ferdinand von Könitz
(s.a.)
Jan 1832 - Jun
1840 Friedrich
von Krafft (1st time) (b. 1777 - d.
1858)
Jun 1840 - Dec
1843 Karl
August Friedrich Adolf von (b. 1796 -
d. 1875)
Fischern
Dec 1843 - 1 Nov 1847
Friedrich von Krafft (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Nov 1847 - 14 Sep 1848 Friedrich Karl
Anton von Werthern (b. 1804 - d. 1864)
Ministers of State
14 Sep 1848 - 24 Oct 1849 Hans Karl Haubold
Freiherr von (b. 1797 - d. 1860)
Spesshardt
24 Oct 1849 - 12 May 1854 Rudolf Hermann
Freiherr von
(b. 1800 - d. 1861)
Wechmar
12 May 1854 - Sep 1861 Andreas
Paul Adolph von Harbou (b. 1809
- d. 1877)
Sep 1861 - 1 Oct 1864
Anton Ferdinand Freiherr
von (b. 1820 - d.
1892)
Krosigk (1st time)
1 Oct 1864 - 27 Jul 1865 Vacant
27 Jul 1865 - 18 Aug 1866 Friedrich Fürchtegott
von
(b. 1818 - d. 1889)
Uttenhoven
18 Aug 1866 - 20 Sep 1866 Ernst Gustav Gottlieb
Louis (b. 1801
- d. 1887)
von Buck
20 Sep 1866 -
1873
Anton Ferdinand Freiherr
von (s.a.)
Krosigk (2nd time)
1873 -
1890
Albrecht Otto von
Giseke
(b. 1822 - d. 1890)
1890 -
1902
Johann Wilhelm Friedrich von Heim (b. 1835 - d.
1912)
1902 - 5 Oct
1912
Rudolf Freiherr von
Ziller
(b. 1832 - d. 1912)
14 Oct 1912 - 12 Nov 1918 Karl
Schaller
(b. 1846 - d. 1922)
Saxe-Weimar
21 Feb
1566
Duchy of Saxe-Weimar (Herzogtum
Sachsen-Weimar).
23 Nov
1602
Divided into Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Weimar.
22 Sep
1641
Divided into Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Eisenach.
26 Jul
1741
Personal union with Saxe-Eisenach;
the polities jointly
often being styled Saxe-Weimar und Eisenach.
20 Sep
1809
Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach merged into
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
Dukes
25 May 1683 - 26 Aug 1728 Wilhelm
Ernst
(b. 1662 - d. 1728)
- jointly with -
25 May 1683 - 20 Jun 1707 Johann Ernst
III (in Kapellendorf) (b. 1664 - d. 1707)
20 Jun 1707 - 19 Jan 1748 Ernst August
I
(b. 1688 - d. 1748)
(at Kapellendorf to 26 Aug 1728)
19 Jan 1748 - 28 May 1758 Ernst August
II
(b. 1737 - d. 1758)
19 Jan 1748 -
1748
Friedrich III, Herzog
von
(b. 1699 - d. 1772)
Sachsen-Gotha -Regent
1748 - 2 Jun
1755
Franz Josias Herzog von Sachsen- (b. 1697 -
d. 1764)
Saalfeld -Regent
28 May 1758 - 20 Sep 1809 Carl
August
(b. 1757 - d. 1828)
28 May 1758 -
1758
Karl Herzog von
Braunschweig- (b. 1713 -
d. 1780)
Woffenbüttel -Regent
1758 - 3 Sep
1775
Anna Amalia von
Braunschweig- (b. 1739 -
d. 1807)
Wolffenbüttel (f) -Regent
Chief Ministers
29 Dec 1755 - Sep
1759 Heinrich Graf von
Bünau
(b. 1697 - d. 1762)
Sep 1759 -
1762
Karl Ernst von
Rehdinger
(b. 1692 - d. 1766)
1762 - 3 Mar
1800
Jakob Friedrich Freiherr
von (b. 1731 - d.
1814)
Fritsch
3 Mar 1800 - 20 Sep 1809
Christian Gottlob von
Voigt (b. 1743
- d. 1819)
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
|
|
![[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 1813-1897
(Germany)]](de-sw813.gif "[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1813-1897 (Germany)]")
![[Grand Duchy of
Saxony 1897-1918 (Germany)]](de-sw897.gif "[Grand
Duchy of Saxony 1897-1918 (Germany)]")
| Map of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | Hear National Anthem "Weimars Volkslied" (Weimar People's Song) |
Text of National Anthem (1857-1918) |
|
|
|
|
20 Sep
1809
Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Herzogtum
Sachsen-
Weimar-Eisenach).
21 Apr
1815
Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Grossherzogtum
Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach).
1877
Restyled Grand Duchy of Saxony (Grossherzogtum
Sachsen),
but preceding style continues in some
official use.
9 Nov
1918
Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Freistaat
Sachsen-Weimar-
Eisenach)(see German
states since 1918).
Duke
20 Sep 1809 - 21 Apr 1815 Carl
August
(b. 1757 - d. 1828)
Grand Dukes
21 Apr 1815 - 14 Jun 1828 Carl
August
(s.a.)
14 Jun 1828 - 8 Jul 1853 Carl
Friedrich
(b. 1783 - d. 1853)
8 Jul 1853 - 5 Jan
1901 Carl
Alexander
(b. 1818 - d. 1901)
5 Jan 1901 - 9 Nov
1918 Wilhelm
Ernst
(b. 1876 - d. 1923)
Senior Minister of the Secret Council
20 Sep 1809 - 31 Dec 1815
Christian Gottlob von
Voigt (b. 1743
- d. 1819)
President of the State ministry
1 Jan 1816 - 22 Mar 1819
Christian Gottlob von
Voigt (s.a.)
Ministers of State
22 Mar 1819 - Sep
1843 Karl Wilhelm Freiherr von
Fritsch (b. 1769 - d. 1853)
Sep 1843 - 15 Sep
1870 Christian Bernhard von
Watzdorf (b. 1804 - d. 1870)
22 Mar 1819 - 13 Mar 1848 Ernst
Christian August Freiherr (b. 1781 -
d. 1852)
von Gersdorff
14 Mar 1848 - 30 Sep 1848 Oskar
von
Wydenbrugk
(b. 1815 - d. 1876)
1871 - 12 Dec
1882
Gustav
Thon
(b. 1805 - d. 1882)
1882 -
1890
Gottfried Theodor
Stichling (b.
1814 - d. 1891)
1890 -
1899
Rudolph Gabriel Freiherr von Gross (b. 1822 - d. 1907)
1 Jun 1899 - 8 Nov
1918 Karl Friedrich Otto
Rothe
(b. 1848 - d. 1921)
Saxony
|
|
![[Duchy then
Kingdom of Saxony 1806-1815 (Germany)]](de-sn_e.gif "[Duchy then Kingdom of Saxony 1806-1815
(Germany)]")
![[kingdom of
Saxony (Germany)]](de-sach1.gif "[kingdom of Saxony
(Germany)]")
| Map of Saxony | State Anthem "Sachsenhymne" (Saxon Hymn) (1890-1918) "Gott, segne Sachsenland" (God, bless Saxony) (1815-1890) |
Royal
Anthem "Sachsenlied" (Saxon Song) (1841-1918) |
| Capital:
Dresden (Wittenberg 1356–1547; Meissen 1423–1464) |
Constitution
(4 Sep 1831; in German) |
Population: 4,202,216 (1905) |
Note: Saxony begins as an ethnic
dukedom in the 9th century. It gradually becomes
territorial, and shifts geographically from
present-day Niedersachsen to present-day Sachsen. This
account begins with the confirmation of electoral status
of the duke.
- 7 Apr 1180 The old duchy of Saxony is reduced to the area around
- Wittenberg and given to the Askanien dynasty.
- 25 Dec 1356 The Golden Bull confirms that the Duke of Saxony is an
- elector, and makes his land indivisible; style of ruler:
- Herzog von Sachsen, Erzmarschall und Kurfürst des Heiligen
- Römischen Reichs (Duke of Saxony, Archmarshal and
- Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire).
- 27 Nov 1422 Alrecht III, last of the Askanien dynasty dies, Saxony
- under imperial administration.
- 6 Jan 1423 Saxony is enfeoffed to the Wettin dynasty, Markgraf of Meissen.
- 7 Sep 1464 Dukes Ernst and Albrecht IV "der Beherzte" rule jointly,
- Ernst being elector.
- 11 Nov 1485 The Herzogtum Sachsen is divided between Albrecht and Ernst,
- Ernst retaining the (indivisible) electorate; thus the dynasty
- splits into the Ernestine line and the Albertine line.
- 19 May 1547 The Ernestine line is deprived of the electorate; it goes
- on to establish the Saxon duchies in Thuringia.
- 4 Jun 1547 The electorate is conferred on the Albertine line.
- 27 Jul 1697 - 16 Feb 1704 In personal union with the Kingdom of Poland.
- 8 Aug 1709 - 1 Feb 1733 In
personal union with the Kingdom of Poland.
6 Jan 1734 - 5 Oct 1763 In personal union with the Kingdom of Poland.
- 11 Dec 1806 Kingdom of Saxony (Königreich Sachsen) proclaimed.
- 17 Sep 1807 - 21 May 1815 In personal union with the Duchy of Warsaw (Poland).
- 28 Oct 1813 - 8 Jun 1815 Government-General of the High Allied Powers (General-Gouvernement
- der Hohen Verbündeten Mächte).
- 21 May
1815
The king is forced to recognize the loss of the
northern and
- western areas (57% of Saxony, 42% of population) to Prussia.
- 3 May 1849 - 9 May 1849 Provisional government formed in rebellion during the May Uprising
-
in Dresden.
- 18 Jun 1866 - 21 Oct 1866 Occupied by Prussia.
- 13 Nov 1918 Saxony became a republic (Republik Sachsen)(declared 10 Nov 1918)
- (see German states since 1918).
7 May 1694 - 1 Feb 1733 Friedrich August I "der Starke" (b. 1670 - d. 1733)
1 Feb 1733 - 5 Oct 1763 Friedrich August II (b. 1696 - d. 1763)
5 Oct 1763 - 17 Dec 1763 Friedrich Christian (b. 1722 - d. 1763)
17 Dec 1763 - 11 Dec 1806 Friedrich August III (b. 1750 - d. 1827)
"der Gerechte"
King
11 Dec 1806 - 5 May 1827 Friedrich August I "der Gerechte" (s.a.)
(Allied prisoner 19 Oct 1813; in Prussia
[Feb 1815 Austria] exile 26 Oct 1813 - 7 Jun 1815)
Allied Governors-general
28 Oct 1813 - 8 Nov 1814 Knyaz' Nikolay Grigoryevich (b. 1778 - d. 1845)
Repnin-Volkonskiy (Russia)
8 Nov 1814 - 8 Jun 1815 Eberhard Friedrich Christoph (b. 1744 - d. 1826)
Ludwig Freiherr von der
Recke (Prussia)
Kings
5 May 1827 - 6 Jun 1836 Anton I (b. 1755 - d. 1836)
6 Jun 1836 - 9 Aug 1854 Friedrich August II (b. 1797 - d. 1854)
9 Aug 1854 - 29 Oct 1873 Johann I (b. 1801 - d. 1873)
(in exile 18 Jun - 26 Oct 1866)
18 Jun 1866 - Jun 1866 Karl Herwarth von Bittenfeld (b. 1796 - d. 1884)
(Prussian governor-general of Saxony)
Jun 1866 - 8 Jul 1866 Karl Gustav von der Mülbe (b. 1831 - d. 1917)
(Prussian governor-general of Saxony)
8 Jul 1866 - 25 Sep 1866 Hans Wilhelm von Schack (b. 1791 - d. 1866)
(Prussian governor-general of the Saxon Lands)
26 Sep 1866 - 21 Oct 1866 Wilhelm Ludwig Karl von Tümpling (b. 1809 - d. 1884)
(Prussian governor-general of the Saxon Lands)
29 Oct 1873 - 19 Jun 1902 Albert I (b. 1828 - d. 1902)
19 Jun 1902 - 15 Oct 1904 Georg I (b. 1832 - d. 1904)
15 Oct 1904 - 13 Nov 1918 Friedrich August III (b. 1865 - d. 1932)
Ministers of State
1695 - 15 Nov
1715
Otto Heinrich von
Friesen
(b. 1654 - d. 1717)
15 Nov 1715 - 4 Feb 1721 Georg von
Werthern
(b. 1663 - d. 1721)
Leading Cabinet Ministers
170. -
1712
August Ferdinand Reichsgraf von (b.
1662 - d. 1712)
Pflugk
1705 - 30 Apr
1728
Jakob Heinrich Graf
Flemming (b. 1667 -
d. 1728)
(1st time)
1707 -
1711
Woldemar August von
Löwendahl (b. 1660 - d.
1740)
1710 - 4 Feb
1721
Georg Graf von
Werthern
(b. 1663 - d. 1721)
1721 - 1728
Jakob Heinrich Graf
Flemming (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1725 - 30 Oct
1731
François Joseph Wicardel, marquis (d. 1735)
de Fleury et de Beaufort
1727 - 1729
Heinrich Friedrich von Friesen
(b. 1681 - d. 1739)
1729 -
1733
Karl Heinrich Graf von
Hoym (b. 1694
- d. 1736)
1733 - 5 Feb
1738
Alexander Joseph Graf Sulkowsky (b.
1695 - d. 1762)
Ministers of War and Interior
Feb 1738 - 28 Oct 1763
Heinrich Graf
Brühl
(b. 1700 - d. 1763)
1763 -
1766
Johann Georg Graf von Einsiedel (b.
1730 - d. 1811)
1766 - 26 Mar
1777
Leopold Nikolaus von
Ende
(b. 1715 - d. 1792)
26 Mar 1777 - 2 Oct 1777 Karl Graf
von Osten-Sacken (acting)(b. 1715 - d. 1794)
2 Oct 1777 -
1790
Johann Adolf Graf von
Loss (b.
1731 - d. 1806)
1790 - 30 Dec
1798
Christian Gotthelf
Gutschmid (b. 1721 -
d. 1798)
1799 - 16 Mar
1804
Dietrich August Reichsgraf von
(b. 1733 - d. 1804)
Sinzendorf
Mar 1804 -
180.
Georg Wilhelm Graf von Hopfgarten (b. 1739 - d.
1813)
14 May 1813 - 13 Sep 1830 Detlev Graf
Einsendel
(b. 1773 - d. 1861)
13 Sep 1830 - 1 Dec 1831 Bernard
August Freiherr
von (b. 1779 -
d. 1854)
Lindenau
Prime ministers
1 Dec 1831 - Sep
1843 Bernard August Freiherr
von (s.a.)
Lindenau
Sep 1843 - 15 Mar 1848
Julius Traugott Jakob
von
(b. 1792 - d. 1866)
Könneritz
Minister-presidents
15 Mar 1848 - 24 Feb 1849 Alexander Karl
Hermann Braun (b.
1807 - d. 1868)
24 Feb 1849 - 2 May 1849 Gustav
Friedrich
Held
(b. 1804 - d. 1857)
2 May 1849 - 28 Oct 1858
Ferdinand
Zschinsky
(b. 1797 - d. 1858)
(from 1856, Ferdinand von Zschinsky)
3 May 1849 - 9 May 1849 Provisional
government
- Samuel Erdmann
Tzschirner (b.
1812 - d. 1870) Dem
- Carl Gotthelf Todt
(b. 1803 - d. 1852)
Lib
- Otto Leonhard
Heubner
(b. 1812 - d. 1893) Prog
(in rebellion)
28 Oct 1858 - 15 Aug 1866 Ferdinand Freiherr von
Beust (b. 1809 - d.
1886)
18 Jun 1866 - 21 Oct 1866
Günther Karl Lothar von Wurmb (b.
1824 - d. 1890)
(Prussian civil commissioner)
18 Jun 1866 - 1 Oct 1871 Johann Paul
Freiherr von
(b. 1801 - d. 1882)
Falkenstein
(head of state commission to Oct 1866)
1 Oct 1871 - 1 Nov
1876 Richard Reichsfreiherr von Friesen (b. 1808 -
d. 1884)
1 Nov 1876 - 25 Mar 1891
Georg Friedrich Alfred von Fabrice (b. 1818 - d. 1891)
(from 1884, Georg Friedrich
Alfred Graf von Fabrice)
25 Mar 1891 - 23 Dec 1891 Karl Friedrich
Wilhelm von Gerber (b. 1823 - d. 1891)
Dec 1891 - 12 Feb 1895
Julius Hans von
Thümmel
(b. 1824 - d. 1895)
1895 - 15 Jun
1901
Heinrich Rudolf
Schurig
(b. 1835 - d. 1901)
Jun 1901 - 30 Apr 1906
Karl Georg Levin von
Metzsch-Reichenbach
(b. 1836 - d. 1927)
30 Apr 1906 - 1 Dec 1910 Conrad
Wilhelm von
Rüger
(b. 1837 - d. 1916)
1 Dec 1910 - 26 Jul 1912
Viktor Alexander von
Otto
(b. 1852 - d. 1912)
26 Jul 1912 - 21 May 1914 Max Clemens
Lothar Freiherr von
Hausen
(b. 1846 - d. 1922)
21 May 1914 - 26 Oct 1918 Heinrich Gustav
Beck
(b. 1857 - d. 1933) Con
26 Oct 1918 - 13 Nov 1918 Karl Rudolf
Heinze (1st time) (b. 1865
- d. 1928) NLP
Party abbreviations: Con
= Konservativ (Conservative); Dem = Demokrat
(Democrat); Lib =
Liberale (Liberal); NLP =
Nationalliberale Partei (National Liberal Party,
1867-1918); Prog = Fortschritt
(Progressive)
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg
1174
County of Wittgenstein (Grafschaft Wittgenstein).
1361
County of Sayn-Wittgenstein (Grafschaft
Sayn-Wittgenstein).
2 Jul
1605
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg partitioned from
Sayn-Wittgenstein
(Grafschaft Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg).
4 Sep
1792
Principality of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg
(Fürstentum Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg).
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Hesse-Darmstadt.
30 Jun
1816
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Graf zu
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg)
25 Nov 1694 - 5 Jun 1741
Casimir
(b. 1687 - d. 1641)
25 Nov 1694 - 31 Jan 1708 Hedwig
Sophie Grafin zu Lippe- (b. 1669
- d. 1738)
Brake (f) -Regent
5 Jun 1741 - 12 Feb 1773
Ludwig
Ferdinand
(b. 1712 - d. 1773)
12 Feb 1773 - 4 Sep 1792
Christian
Heinrich
(b. 1753 - d. 1800)
Princes (title Fürst zu
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, Herren zu Vallendar
und Neumagen)
4 Sep 1792 - 4 Oct
1800 Christian
Heinrich
(s.a.)
4 Oct 1800 - 12 Jul 1806
Friedrich Albrecht Ludwig
(b. 1777 - d. 1851)
Ferdinand
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein
1647
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein
renamed County of Sayn-Wittgenstein-
Hohenstein (Grafschaft
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein).
21 Jun
1801
Principality of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein
(Fürstentum
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein ).
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Hesse-Darmstadt.
30 Jun
1816
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Graf zu
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein)
25 Jan 1683 - 23 Nov 1723 Heinrich
Albrecht
(b. 1658 - d. 1723)
23 Nov 1723 - 27 Aug 1735
August
(b. 1664 - d. 1735)
27 Aug 1735 - 9 Jun 1756 Karl
Friedrich
Wilhelm
(b. 1708 - d. 1756)
9 Jun 1756 - 27 Mar 1796
Johann
Ludwig
(b. 1740 - d. 1796)
27 Mar 1796 - 20 Jun 1801 Friedrich
Karl
(b. 1766 - d. 1837)
Prince (title Fürst zu
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein)
20 Jun 1801 - 12 Jul 1806 Friedrich
Karl
(s.a.)
Schaffhausen: see under Swiss Cantons
Schaumburg-Lippe
![[Schaumburg-Lippe,
c.1860-c.1880 (Germany)]](de-schli1.gif "[Schaumburg-Lippe, c.1860-c.1880
(Germany)]") c.1860 - c.1880 |
![[Schaumburg-Lippe
c.1880-1918 (Germany)]](de-schli.gif "[Schaumburg-Lippe
c.1880-1918 (Germany)]") c.1880 - 16 Nov 1918 |
|
|
"Heil unserm Fürsten, Heil!" (Hail to our Prince, Hail!) |
|
|
(Rinteln 1290-1640) |
|
|
21 Dec
1290
County of Schaumburg (Grafschaft Schaumburg) to
c.1485 known
as
Schauenburg.
15 Nov
1640
Under Lippe-Alverdissen.
19 Jul
1647
County of Schaumburg-Lippe (Grafschaft
Schaumburg-Lippe)
permanently separated from Lippe.
18 Apr
1807
Raised to the rank of principality (Fürstentum
Schaumburg-Lippe).
16 Nov
1918
Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe (Freistaat
Schaumburg-Lippe)
(see German
states since 1918).
Counts (title Graf zu Schaumburg, Graf und
Edler Herr zur Lippe, etc.)
19 Jul 1647 - 20 Apr 1681 Philipp
I
(b. 1601 - d. 1681)
20 Apr 1681 - 13 Jun 1728 Friedrich
Christian
(b. 1655 - d. 1728)
13 Jun 1728 - 24 Sep 1748 Albrecht
Wolfgang
(b. 1699 - d. 1748)
24 Sep 1748 - 10 Sep 1777
Wilhelm
(b. 1724 - d. 1777)
10 Sep 1777 - 13 Feb 1787 Philipp
II
(b. 1723 - d. 1787)
13 Feb 1787 - 18 Apr 1807 Georg
Wilhelm
(b. 1784 - d. 1860)
13 Feb 1787 - 9 Nov 1799 Juliane
Wilhelmine Louise
(b. 1761 - d. 1799)
Landgräfin von Hessen-
Philippsthal (f) -Co-regent
13 Feb 1787 -
1807
Johann Ludwig Reichsgraf von
(b. 1736 - d. 1811)
Wallmoden-Gimborn -Regent
(co-regent; from 9 Nov 1799 regent)
Princes (title Fürst von
Schaumburg-Lippe)
18 Apr 1807 - 21 Nov 1860 Georg I
Wilhelm
(s.a.)
21 Nov 1860 - 8 May 1893 Adolf I
Georg
(b. 1817 - d. 1893)
8 May 1893 - 29 Apr 1911
Georg
II
(b. 1846 - d. 1911)
29 Apr 1911 - 16 Nov 1918 Adolf
II
(b. 1883 - d. 1936)
Chairmen of the Government (Regierungsdirektoren
1816-1849; from 1849, Präsidenten
der Landesregierung)
27 Mar 1810 - 1815
Günther Heinrich
Freiherr von (b. 1765 - d. 1843)
Berg
1816 - 1824
Heinrich Christoph Spring
(b. 1782 - d. 1826)
1824 - 7 Feb 1827
Karl Anton König
(d. 1827)
1827 - 24 Jul 1833
Christoph Ferdinand
Krieger (b.
1763 - d. 1833)
1833 - 1839
Georg Joachim Langerfeldt
(b. 1778 - d. 1858)
1839 -
1871
Eduard Freiherr von
Lauer-
(b. 1796 - d. 1871)
Münchhofen
1871 -
1885
Vacant
1885 - 1893
Heinrich Spring
(b. 1821 - d. 1896)
Ministers of State (Staatsminister)
1893 -
1895
Heinrich Spring
(s.a.)
1895 - 19 Nov
1897
Martin Georg Anton von Wegnern (b. 1855 -
d. 1897)
1898 - 4 Dec
1918 Friedrich
Rudolf Ernst Freiherr (b. 1858 - d. 1942)
von Feilitzsch
Schellenberg: see under Liechtenstein
Schleswig and Holstein
![[Denmark]](dk.gif "[Denmark]") 1440 - 1696; 31 Jul 1845 - 8 Sep 1849, 22 Jul 1852 - 16 Feb 1865 |
![[Duchy of Schleswig and
Holstein 1696-c.1714,1848-49 (Germany)]](de_sc-h1.gif "[Duchy of Schleswig and Holstein
1696-c.1714,1848-49 (Germany)]") 1696 - c.1714, 21 Oct 1848 - 8 Sep 1849 (provisional) |
![[Schleswig-Holstein
independentist flag, 1843-45 (Germany)]](de-schlh.gif "[Schleswig-Holstein independentist flag,
1843-45 (Germany)]") 1843 - 31 Jul 1845 Independentist Flag |
![[Duchy of Schleswig truce
flag for Schleswig ships 1849-1852 (Germany)]](de_ho-la.gif "[Duchy of Schleswig truce flag for
Schleswig ships 1849-1852 (Germany)]") 8 Sep 1849 - 22 Jul 1852 Schleswig Truce |
![[Duchy of Holstein
truce flag for Holstein ships 1851-1852
(Germany)]](holstein1851.gif "[Duchy of Holstein truce flag
for Holstein ships 1851-1852 (Germany)]") 5 Mar 1851 - 22 Jul 1852 Holstein Truce |
![[Schleswig-Holstein
provisional merchant flag 1865-66 (Germany)]](de_sc-h2.gif "[Schleswig-Holstein provisional merchant
flag 1865-66 (Germany)]") 16 Feb 1865 - 23 Aug 1866 (provisional) |
| Map of Schleswig and Holstein (1864) |
Capital:
Schleswig: Schleswig Holstein: Glückstadt (from 1649/1773) |
Population:
Schleswig: 396,000 (1858); Holstein: 524,000 (1858) |
| Schleswig Counties | Holstein Counties |
945
Schleswig largely under Danish rule.
1106
County of Holstein (Grafschaft Holstein)
founded within
the Duchy of Saxony.
1115
Duchy of Schleswig (Hertogdømmet Slesvig)
established
for (initially) a junior line of the Danish royal family
(Skjoldunger dynasty).
7 Apr
1180
County of Holstein independent.
Nov 1201 -
1225
Holstein under Danish rule.
15 Aug
1386
From here on Schleswig and Holstein are in personal
union;
Schleswing remains under Danish rule, Holstein an
imperial fief.
14 Feb
1474
County of Holstein, Dithmarschen, Wagrien and Stormarn
united as Duchy of Holstein (Herzogtum
Holstein); from here
on Schleswig and Holstein are in personal union.
1490
The combined polities are split into Segebergscher
Anteil
and Gottorpscher Anteil
(Segeberg Portion and Gottorp
Portion), but they are governed as a whole by the rulers
of the two lines ruling in alternation.
13 Apr
1523
Portions reunited.
1544
The combined polities are split as before, the lines
being
styled Schleswig-Holstein-Segeberg and
Schleswig-Holstein-
Gottorp, the government being shared as before from
1581.
14 Nov 1640
County of
Holstein-Pinneberg (Grafschaft Holstein-Pinneberg)
is
annexed to the Danish royal domain in Holstein upon the
death of
the last male ruler of Holstein-Schauenburg dynasty.
4 Sep
1721
The part of Schleswig ruled by the Gottorp line is
annexed
by the Segeberg line (i.e., the kings of Denmark).
9 Apr 1726
County of
Rantzau (Freie Reichsgrafschaft Rantzau) is annexed
to the Danish royal domain in Holstein.
1 Jul
1773
The part of Holstein ruled by the Gottorp line is ceded
to
the Segeberg line in exchange for Oldenburg,
thus reuniting
Schleswig and Holstein under the kings of Denmark, while
remaining respectively an appendage of Denmark and a
member
of the Holy Roman Empire and later of the German
Confederation.
16 Dec 1813 - Dec 1814
Swedish and Allied forces occupy Holstein and part of
Schleswig.
28 Jan 1848 - 15 Nov 1863 Numerous effected or
attempted changes in the status of
each of the two polities with respect to Denmark and
with
respect to each other.
24 Mar 1848 - 22 Oct 1848
Provisional government at Kiel, Holstein.
15 Nov
1863
With the death of Frederik VII the direct Oldenburg
dynastic line ends; Denmark and Schleswig are inherited
by
the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (formerly
non-
sovereign) line, while Holstein falls into dispute
between
this line and the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-
Augustenburg (formerly non-sovereign) line.
30 Oct
1864
King Christian IX (Glücksburg) cedes his rights to both
polities to Prussia and Austria jointly (Convention of
Vienna); Austria subsequently supports the claims of
Friedrich VIII (Augustenburg) and summons the estates of
Holstein to this end in Jun 1866.
7 Jun
1866
Prussian forces invade, and generalized war among the
German states ensues.
23 Aug
1866
Both polities are recognized as being under Prussian
rule
(Convention of Prague).
24 Jan
1867
Both polities are incorporated into Prussia.
Dukes
1544 - 1 Jul
1773
the kings of Denmark
Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
|
6 Jan 1695 - 19 Jun 1702 Friedrich IV (b. 1671 - d. 1702)
19 Jun 1702 - 18 Jun 1739 Karl Friedrich (b. 1700 - d. 1739)
(from 4 Sep 1721 in Holstein only)
9 Jun 1702 - 19 Apr 1718 Christian August -Regent (b. 1673 - d. 1726)
18 Jun 1739 - 17 Jul 1762 Karl Peter Ulrich (b. 1728 - d. 1762)
(later Emperor Peter III of Russia;
in Holstein only)
18 Jun 1739 - 1745 Adolf Friedrich, bischof von (b. 1710 - d. 1771)
Lübeck -Regent
1745 - 1751 Friedrich August -Regent (b. 1711 - d. 1785)
17 Jul 1762 - 1 Jul 1773 Paul (b. 1754 - d. 1801)
(later Emperor Paul I of Russia;
in Holstein only)
1751? - 7 Sep 1763 Georg Ludwig -Regent (b. 1719 - d. 1763)
Schleswig and Holstein
Dukes
1 Jul 1773 - 30 Oct 1864 the
kings of Denmark
Governors (Statholder)
(Gouverneur von Glückstadt und
Statthalter der Herzogtümer Schleswig und Holstein)
1648 - 8 Nov
1663
Christian Reichsgraf zu Rantzau (b.
1614 - d. 1663)
1663 - 1685
Friedrich Graf
Ahlefeldt
(b. 1623 - d. 1686)
1685 -
1697
Detlev zu
Rantzau
(b. 1644 - d. 1697)
7 Dec 1697 - 1708
Frederik Graf
Ahlefeldt
(b. 1662 - d. 1708)
1708 -
1712
Christian Ditlev greve Rantzau (b. 1670 -
d. 1721)
(acting)
1712 - 7 Sep
1722
Carl Graf
Ahlefeldt
(b. 1670 - d. 1722)
1722 -
1730
Vacant
1730 - 26 Mar
1731
Karl August von Brandenburg-
(b. 1663 - d. 1731)
Kulmbach
26 Mar 1731 - 23 Jun 1762
Friedrich Ernest von Brandenburg- (b.
1703 - d. 1762)
Kulmbach
20 Sep 1762 - 5 Jun 1768
Friedrich Ludwig Freiherr
von (b. 1697 - d. 1771)
Dehn
Oct 1768 - 17 Aug 1836
Karl Landgraf zu
Hessen
(b. 1744 - d. 1836)
17 Aug 1836 - 26 Mar 1842 Karl
Friedrich Landgraf zu
(b. 1771 - d. 1845)
Hessen
26 Mar 1842 - 18 Aug 1846
Friedrich Emil August
von
(b. 1800 - d. 1865)
Schleswig-Holstein-Augustenburg-
Noer
14 Sep 1846 - 24 Mar 1848 Ludvig
Nicolaus von Scheele
(b. 1796 - d. 1874)
(chairman of the government)
Danish Ministers for Holstein and
Lauenburg
(Ministeriet for
Hertugdømmerne Holsten og Lauenborg)
(in Copenhagen to 1863, then in Plön)
27 Jan 1852 - 12 Dec 1854 Heinrich Anna
von Reventlow- (b. 1798 - d. 1869)
Criminil
12 Dec 1854 - 17 Apr 1857 Ludvig Nicolaus
von Scheele (s.a.)
17 Apr 1857 - 13 May 1857 Christian Carl
Lundbye (b.
1812 - d. 1873)
13 May 1857 - 2 Dec 1859 Iver Johan
Unsgaard
(b. 1798 - d. 1872)
2 Dec 1859 - 8 Feb 1860 Carl
Eduard Rotwitt
(b. 1812 - d. 1860)
8 Feb 1860 - 24 Feb 1860 Regnar
Westenholz
(b. 1815 - d. 1866)
24 Feb 1860 - 30 Mar 1861 Harald Iver
Andreas Raasløff (b. 1810 - d.
1893)
30 Mar 1861 - 31 Dec 1863 Carl Christian
Hall
(b. 1812 - d. 1888)
31 Dec 1863 - 11 Jul 1864 Ditlev Gothard
Monrad
(b. 1811 - d. 1887)
11 Jul 1864 - 16 Nov 1864 Christian
Albrecht Bluhme (b.
1794 - d. 1866)
16 Nov 1864 - Dec 1865 Vilhelm Imanuel
Johannes Carl (b. 1830 - d. 1901)
greve
Moltke (acting)
24 Mar 1848 - 22 Oct 1848 Provisional
government at Kiel.
22 Oct 1848 - 1 Mar 1852 German
Confederation administration.
23 Dec 1863 - 7 Dec 1864 German
Confederation administration.
24 Dec 1863 - 23 Aug 1866 Friedrich VIII
rules in contention (see below).
7 Dec 1864 - 15 Sep 1865
Joint Austro-Prussian administration.
15 Sep
1865
Under Austrian
administration.
12 Jun
1866
Occupied by Prussia.
24 Jan
1867
Annexed to Prussia.
President of the Provisional Government
24 Mar 1848 - 22 Oct 1848
Wilhelm Hartwig
Beseler
(b. 1806 - d. 1884)
(Schleswig-Holstein)
President of the Common government
22 Oct 1848 - 26 Mar 1849
Theodor Graf von Reventlow-
(b. 1801 - d. 1873)
Jersbeck (Schleswig)
Governors
26 Mar 1849 - 11 Jan 1851
Wilhelm Hartwig
Beseler
(s.a.)
(Schleswig)
26 Mar 1849 - 1 Feb 1851
Friedrich Graf von
Reventlou- (b. 1797 - d.
1874)
Preetz (Holstein)
Federal Commissioners
2 Feb 1851 - 1 Mar
1852 Wilhelm von Thümen (Prussia)
(b. 1792 - d. 1856)
2 Feb 1851 - 1 Mar
1852 Alexander Graf Mensdorff-Pouilly
(b. 1813 - d. 1871)
(Austria)
2 Feb 1851 - 1 Mar
1852 Heinrich Anna von Reventlow-
(b. 1798 - d. 1869)
Criminil (Denmark)
Oberpräsident
1853 - 1864
Carl Theodor
August Freiherr von (b. 1811 - d. 1892)
Scheel-Plessen (Denmark)
Federal Commissioner
23 Dec 1863 - 7 Dec 1864
Eduard von
Könneritz
(b. 1802 - d. 1875)
Civil Commissioners for Schleswig,
Holstein and Lauenburg
7 Dec 1864 - 15 Sep 1865
Konstantin Freiherr von Zedlitz- (b. 1821 -
d. 1889)
Neukirch (Prussia)
7 Dec 1864 - 23 Dec 1864
Carl Ramon Soter Freiherr
von (b. 1817 - d. 1890)
Lederer (Austria)
23 Dec 1864 - 15 Sep 1865 Anton
Freiherr Halbhuber
von (b. 1809 - d.
1886)
Festwill (Austria)
Governor for Holstein
15 Sep 1865 - 12 Jun 1866 Ludwig
Karl Wilhelm Freiherr von (b. 1814 - d.
1874)
Gablenz (Austria)
Oberpräsident
12 Jun 1866 - 24 Jan 1867 Carl
Theodor August Freiherr von (s.a.)
Scheel-Plessen (Prussia)
Schleswig 1848-1867
1848 - 25 Aug
1849
German Confederation administration.
25 Aug 1849 - 13 Jul 1850
Prussian-Danish State Administration for the Duchy of
Schleswig,
based in Flensburg.
1 Feb 1864 - 7 Dec 1864 Schleswig
occupied by Prussia.
7 Dec 1864 - 15 Sep 1865
Joint Austro-Prussian administration (see Holstein).
15 Sep
1865
Prussian administration.
24 Jan
1867
Annexed to Prussia.
State Administrators
1848 - 25 Aug
1849 the
administrators of Holstein
Prussian-Danish State
Administrators
25 Aug 1849 - 13 Jul 1850 Frederik
Ferdinand Tillisch
(b. 1801 - d. 1889)
(Denmark)
+ Botho Heinrich Graf zu Eulenburg (b. 1804 - d.
1879)
auf Wicken (Prussia)(extraordinary agent)
Danish Extraordinary Government Commissioner
for the Civil Administration
13 Jul 1850 - 9 Mar 1851 Frederik
Ferdinand Tillisch
(s.a.)
Danish Ministers for Schleswig (Ministeriet
for Hertugdømmet Slesvig)
(in Flensburg to 1852, then in Copenhagen)
5 Mar 1851 - 13 Jul 1851 Frederik
Ferdinand Tillisch (s.a.)
13 Jul 1851 - 27 Jan 1852 Carl Emil
Bardenfleth
(b. 1807 - d. 1857)
27 Jan 1852 - 12 Dec 1854 Carl greve
Moltke (1st time) (b. 1798 -
d. 1866)
12 Dec 1854 - 13 Dec 1854 Peter Georg Bang
(b. 1797 - d. 1861)
13 Dec 1854 - 18 Feb 1856 Harald Iver
Andreas Raasløff (b. 1810 - d.
1893)
18 Feb 1856 - 18 Jun 1856 Carl Christian
Hall
(b. 1812 - d. 1888)
18 Jun 1856 - 2 Dec 1859 Friedrich
Hermann Wolfhagen (b. 1818 -
d. 1894)
(1st time)
2 Dec 1859 - 24 Feb 1860 Carl
Frederik Axel Bror, baron (b.
1822 - d. 1873)
von Blixen Finecke
24 Feb 1860 - 31 Dec 1863 Friedrich
Hermann Wolfhagen (s.a.)
(2nd time)
31 Dec 1863 - 24 Jan 1864 Carl
Frederik Simony
(b. 1806 - d. 1872)
24 Jan 1864 - 18 Nov 1864 Christian
Gottfried Wilhelm (b. 1813 -
d. 1888)
Johannsen
18 Nov 1864 - 22 Mar 1865 Theodor August
Jes Regenburg (b.
1815 - d. 1895)
(acting)
22 Mar 1865 - Dec
1865 Vilhelm Imanuel Johannes
Carl (b. 1830 - d. 1901)
greve Moltke (acting)
Prussian Military governor
1 Feb 1864 - 8 Feb
1864 Friedrich Heinrich Ernst
von (b. 1787 - d.
1877)
Wrangel
Civil Commissioners
8 Feb 1864 - 7 Dec
1864 Konstantin Freiherr von Zedlitz-
(b. 1821 - d. 1889)
Neukirch (Prussia)
14 Feb 1864 - 26 Jul 1864
Friedrich Graf Revertera
von (b. 1827 - d.
1904)
Salandra (Austria)
26 Jul 1864 - 7 Dec 1864
Carl Ramon Soter Freiherr
von (b. 1817 - d. 1890)
Lederer (Austria)
7 Dec 1864 - 15 Sep 1865 the
commissioners of Holstein
Governor
15 Sep 1865 - 15 Jun 1866 Edwin
Freiherr von Manteuffel
(b. 1809 - d. 1885)
(Prussia)
President of the Schleswig
government
15 Jun 1866 - 1 Oct 1868
Konstantin Freiherr von Zedlitz- (s.a.)
Neukirch (Prussia)
Holstein in rebellion
![[Holstein 1863-1866
(Germany)]](de_sh843.gif "[Holstein 1863-1866 (Germany)]")
Duke
24 Dec 1863 - 23 Aug 1866 Friedrich
VIII
(b. 1829 - d. 1880)
(= Friedrich Christian August Herzog von
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg/
Frederik Christian August af Slesvig-Holsten-
Sønderborg-Augustenborg)
Sulzbach
16 Feb
1035
Sulzbach is mentioned
for the first time.
1434
Emperor Sigismund confirms Sulzbach in their
village
traditional freedoms, rights and courts as the immediate
position
to the Reich; Sulzbach Imperial
Village (Reichsdorf Sulzbach).
1450 - 1610
Sulzbach pledged to the Imperial Free City of
Frankfurt.
1610
Sulzbach
manages, by redeeming the pledge of 1450, to officially
break away from Frankfurt.
1804
Annexed to Nassau-Usingen (from 30 Aug 1806, Duchy of Nassau).
Mayors (title Bürgermeister)
1699 - 1804
....
Schwarzburg
1160
County of Schwarzburg (Grafschaft Schwarzburg)
founded.
21 Nov
1599
Divided into County of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen and
County of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
1340
County of Schwarzburg-Arnstadt
29 Aug 1669 - 20 Jul 1681 Part of
Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen.
26 May
1709
Principality of Schwarzburg-Arnstadt
(Fürstentum Schwarzburg-Arnstadt).
30 Dec
1716
Incorporated into Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen.
Count (title
Graf von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen zu Arnstadt)
20 Jul 1681 - 26 May
1709 Anton Günther
II
(b. 1653 - d. 1716)
Prince (title
Fürst von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
zu Arnstadt)
26 May 1709 - 30 Dec 1716 Anton Günther
II
(s.a.)
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
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![[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Civil Flag
c.1815-1866 (Germany)]](de-sz_ru.gif "[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Civil Flag
c.1815-1866 (Germany)]")
![[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Civil Flag
1866-1920 (Germany)]](de-sz866.gif "[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Civil Flag
1866-1920 (Germany)]")
![[Prince of
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt's Banner until 1918
(Germany)]](de_sch-r.gif "[Prince of
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt's Banner until 1918
(Germany)]")
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"Schwarzburglied" (Schwarzburg Song)(1860-1918) |
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15 Apr
1711
Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
(Fürstentum Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt)
28 Mar
1909
Upon the extinction of the Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
princely line, personal union with Schwarzburg-
Sondershausen (ruler styled Fürst zu
Schwarzburg).
23 Nov
1918
Free State of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Freistaat
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt)(see German
states since 1918).
Counts (title Graf zu Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt)
4 Nov 1646 - 15 Dec 1710
Albrecht
Anton
(b. 1641 - d. 1710)
4 Nov 1646 - 2 Mar
1662 Aemilia Antonia Gräfin
von (b.
1614 - d. 1670)
Oldenburg (f) -Regent
15 Dec 1710 - 15 Apr 1711 Ludwig
Friedrich
I
(b. 1667 - d. 1718)
(co-ruler from 1707)
Princes (title Fürst zu Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt)
15 Apr 1711 - 24 Jun 1718 Ludwig
Friedrich
I
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1718 - 1 Sep 1744 Friedrich
Anton
(b. 1692 - d. 1744)
1 Sep 1744 - 10 Jul 1767
Johann
Friedrich
(b. 1721 - d. 1767)
10 Jul 1767 - 29 Aug 1790 Ludwig Günther
IV
(b. 1708 - d. 1790)
29 Aug 1790 - 13 Apr 1793 Friedrich
Karl
(b. 1736 - d. 1793)
13 Apr 1793 - 28 Apr 1807 Ludwig
Friedrich
II
(b. 1767 - d. 1807)
28 Apr 1807 - 28 Jun 1867 Friedrich
Günther
(b. 1793 - d. 1867)
28 Apr 1807 - 6 Nov 1814 Karoline
Louise Landgräfin von (b. 1771 -
d. 1854)
Hessen-Homburg (f) -Regent
28 Jun 1867 - 26 Nov 1869
Albrecht
(b. 1798 - d. 1869)
26 Nov 1869 - 19 Jan 1890 Georg
Albrecht
(b. 1838 - d. 1890)
19 Jan 1890 - 23 Nov 1918 Günther
Viktor
(b. 1852 - d. 1925)
Chancellors
23 Mar 1667 - 24 Aug 1701
Ahasver
Fritsch
(b. 1629 - d. 1701)
24 Aug 1701 - 11 Oct 1723 Georg
Ulrich von
Beulwitz
(b. 1661 - d. 1723)
(acting to 1702)
11 Oct 1723 - 13 Mar 1744
Friedrich Christian
von
(b. 1679 - d. 1748)
Reitzenstein
13 Mar 1744 - 17 Apr 1761
Christoph Leopold von Hertenberg (b. 1692 -
d. 1761)
(acting to 13 Nov 1750)
17 Apr 1761 - 7 Jun 1777
Christian Ulrich von Ketelhodt
(b. 1701 - d. 1777)
(acting to 27 May 1761)
27 Aug 1777 - 20 Nov 1785 Johann
Wilhelm Ludwig von Holleben (b. 1715 - d. 1785)
20 Nov 1785 - 14 Jan 1814 Carl
Gerth von
Ketelhodt
(b. 1738 - d. 1814)
14 Jan 1814 - 9 Mar 1829
Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig
von (b. 1755 - d.
1829)
Beulwitz
9 Mar 1829 - 20 Apr 1836
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von
(b. 1766 - d. 1836)
Ketelhodt
7 May 1836 - 6 Jul
1836 Friedrich Michael
Bamberg
(b. 1765 - d. 1836)
13 Jul 1836 - 24 Nov 1845
Philipp Christian Wilhelm Hönniger (b. 1782 - d. 1845)
24 Nov 1845 - 11 Mar 1848 Karl
August Ludwig Freiherr von (b. 1798 -
d. 1849)
Ketelhodt (acting to 9 Jan 1846)
11 Mar 1848 - 1 Jul 1850
Julius Heinrich Reinhard von Röder (b. 1798 - d. 1881)
(acting to 29 Dec 1848)
Vorsitzende des
Gesamtministeriums
1 Jul 1850 - 19 Dec 1851
Julius Heinrich Reinhard von Röder (s.a.)
19 Dec 1851 - 1 May 1858
Jacob Hermann von
Bertrab
(b. 1818 - d. 1887)
President of the Government
1 May 1858 - 1 Apr
1868 Jacob Hermann von
Bertrab
(s.a.)
Ministers of State
1 Apr 1868 - 2 Dec
1887 Jacob Hermann von
Bertrab
(s.a.)
3 Dec 1887 - 1 Apr
1888 Ludwig Albert von Holleben (acting)(b. 1825 -
d. 1902)
1 Apr 1888 - 1 Apr
1903 Wilhelm Friedrich von
Starck (b. 1835 - d.
1913)
1 Apr 1903 - 23 Nov 1918
Franz Ernst Wilhelm Karl Freiherr (b. 1854 - d.
1923)
von der Recke
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
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Schwarzburg-Sondershausen's Banner until 1918
(Germany)]](de_sch-s.gif "[Prince of
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen's Banner until 1918
(Germany)]")
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"Heil unserm Fürsten, Heil!" (Hail to our Prince, Hail!) |
(1855-1918) |
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13 Sep
1697
Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
(Fürstentum Schwarzburg-Sondershausen).
28 Mar
1909
Upon the extinction of the princely line, personal union
with
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (ruler styled Fürst
zu Schwarzburg).
25 Nov
1918
Free State of Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen (Freistaat
Schwarzburg-
Sondershausen)(see German
states
since 1918).
Princes (title Fürst zu
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen)
13 Sep 1697 - 20 Dec 1716 Anton Günther
II
(b. 1653 - d. 1716)
- jointly with -
13 Sep 1697 - 19 May 1721 Christian
Wilhelm
(b. 1647 - d. 1721)
10 May 1721 - 28 Nov 1740 Günther XLIII
(b. 1678 - d. 1740)
28 Nov 1740 - 6 Nov 1758 Heinrich
XXXVIII
(b. 1689 - d. 1758)
6 Nov 1758 - 14 Oct 1794
Christian Günther
III
(b. 1736 - d. 1794)
14 Oct 1794 - 19 Aug 1835 Günther
Friedrich Karl
I
(b. 1760 - d. 1837)
19 Aug 1835 - 17 Jul 1880 Günther
Friedrich Karl
II
(b. 1801 - d. 1889)
17 Jul 1880 - 28 Mar 1909 Karl
Günther
(b. 1830 - d. 1909)
28 Mar 1909 - 25 Nov 1918 Günther
Viktor
(b. 1852 - d. 1925)
Chief of the Privy Council
1810 - 30 Apr
1820
Ludwig Wilhelm Adolph von Weise (b.
1751 - d. 1820)
Ministers of State
1820 -
1835
Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Adolph von (b. 1780 - d.
1851)
Weise
1835 - 24 Sep
1841
Günther Heinrich Otto Christian (b.
1775 - d. 1853)
von Ziegler
24 Sep 1841 - 9 Jan 1846 Christian
Wilhelm Friedrich Caspar (b. 1773 - d. 1846)
von Kauffberg
1846 - 2 Jan
1848
Karl Eschwin Albert von Holleufer (b. 1803 - d.
1874)
1848
Wilhelm Hülsemann
18 Mar 1848 - 4 Jan 1852 Günther
Friedrich
Chops
(b. 1801 - d. 1875)
7 Jan 1852 - 23 May 1855
Friedrich Schönemann
(acting) (b. 1801 - d.
1874)
1855 -
1862
Oskar Ferdinand Benno Joachim von (b. 1822 - d.
1882)
Elsner
1862 -
1877
Gustav Adolf von
Keyser
(b. 1807 - d. 1901)
8 May 1877 - 16 Jul 1880
Hans Hermann Freiherr von Berlepsch(b. 1843 - d. 1926)
23 Jul 1880 - 4 Oct 1886 Otto
Reinhardt
(b. 1826 - d. 1915)
4 Oct 1886 - 29 Mar 1889
Karl Rudolf von
Wolffersdorff (b. 1817 -
d. 1889)
29 Mar 1889 - 1 Jul 1909 Christian
Ludwig Hermann Petersen (b. 1844 - d. 1909)
1 Jul 1909 - 25 Nov 1918
Franz Ernst Wilhelm Karl Freiherr (b. 1854 - d.
1923)
von der Recke
Schwerin: see Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Schwyz: see under Swiss Cantons
Seborga: see under Italian states to 1860
Silesia (Schlesien): see Czech Republic and Prussian provinces
Siena: see under Italian states to 1860
Sitten (Sion)(bishopric): see Valais under Swiss Cantons
Solothurn: see under Swiss Cantons
Sonnenberg: see Vorarlberg under Austrian lands to 1918
Speyer (Speier)
![[Bishopric of Speyer
(Germany)]](de-speier.gif "[Bishopric of Speyer (Germany)]")
346
A bishop for the town
is mentioned for the first time.
610
Bishopric of Speyer (Speier)(Hochstift
Speyer).
1294
Speyer city becomes an
imperial free city; the bishop loses most
of his previous rights.
30 Sep 1792 - 21 May
1793 Left-bank territory, Speyer city,
under French occupation.
21 May 1793 - 30 Dec 1793 Allied
(Prussian) occupation.
30 Dec 1793 - 31 May 1794 French
occupation.
31 May 1794 - 14 Jul 1794 Allied
occupation.
14 Jul 1794 - 16 Oct 1795 French
occupation.
4 Jul 1796 - 1 Oct 1796
Allied occupation.
31 Oct
1796
French re-occupation.
21 Mar 1797 - 31 Dec 1813 Part of the
French département Mont-Tonnerre.
28 Aug 1797 - 4 Nov 1797 Part of
the Cisrhenian
Republic.
4 Nov
1797
Annexed to France.
1803
Right-bank territory of former Bishopric
ceded to Baden.
31 Dec 1813 - 16 Jun 1814 Allied
administration.
16 Jun
1814
Southern parts of the left-bank Palatinate
were restored and
placed under Austrian and Bavarian
administration (see
under Palatine).
9 Jun 1815 - 30 Apr 1816 Left-bank
Palatinate granted to Austria by Congress of
Vienna;
joint Austro-Bavarian administration
continues.
1 May
1816
Annexed to Bavaria
(part of Bavarian Palatinate).
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof von Speyer)
16 Jul 1675 - 6 Jan 1711
Johann Hugo von Orsbeck
(b. 1634 - d. 1711)
26 Feb 1711 - 30 Nov 1719
Heinrich Hartard Freiherr von (b.
1633 - d. 1719)
Rollingen
30 Nov 1719 - 20 Aug 1743
Kardinal Damian Hugo
Philipp (b. 1676 -
d. 1743)
Anton Graf von Schönborn
14 Nov 1743 - 20 Apr 1770 Franz
Christoph Cardinal
von (b. 1706 - d.
1770)
Hutten
zu Stolzenfels
29 May 1770 - 26 Feb 1797 Damian
August Philipp Karl Graf (b. 1721
- d. 1797)
von
Limburg-Styrum
22 Apr 1797 - 9 Mar 1801
Philipp Franz Wilderich Nepomuk (b. 1739 -
d. 1810)
Graf von Walderdorf
Speyer
(Speier) Free City
150
AD
The town appears as Noviomagus on the world
map of the Greek
geographer Ptolemy.
4th cent.
Civitas Nemetum appears on
the Peutinger Map.
5th cent.
Civitas Nemetum is
destroyed.
7th cent.
Town is re-established, and named
Spira after a nearby Frankish
settlement.
610
Part of Bishopric of Speyer
(Speier)(Hochstift Speyer).
1239
For the first time, two mayors (Bürgermeister)
of Speyer mentioned.
1294
Speyer (Spier) an imperial free city (Reichsstadt
Speyer); the
Bishop of Speyer loses most of his previous rights.
1527 -
1689
Speyer the seat of the Imperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht).
19 Apr
1529
"The Protestation at Speyer", six princes and
representatives of 14
Imperial free cities petitioned the
Imperial Diet at Speyer
against an imperial ban against Martin Luther.
31 May
1689
French forces set fire to Speyer.
30 Sep 1792 - 21 May 1793 Left-bank territory
and Speyer city under French occupation.
19 Nov 1792
- 21 May 1793 Part of the "Republic" of Mainz.
21 May 1793 - 30 Dec 1793 Allied
(Prussian) occupation.
30 Dec 1793 - 31 May 1794 French
re-occupation.
31 May 1794 - 14 Jul 1794 Allied
re-occupation.
14 Jul 1794 - 16 Oct 1795 French
occupation.
16 Oct
1795
Free city (restored), mayors remain in Mannheim
exile.
8 Jun 1796 - 28 Jun 1796 French
re-occupation
28 Jun 1796 - 4 Jul 1796 Allied
re-occupation
4 Jul 1796 - 1 Oct 1796 French
occupation.
1 Oct 1796 - 31 Oct 1796 Allied
occupation
31 Oct
1796
French re-occupation.
21 Mar 1797 - 31
Dec 1813
Part of the French département Mont-Tonnerre.
28 Aug 1797 - 4 Nov 1797 Part of the
Cisrhenian
Republic.
4 Nov 1797
Annexed to France.
1 Jan 1798
Last remnants of the
imperial city constitution removed.
1 Jan 1814 - 16 Jun 1814 Allied
administration.
16 Jun
1814
Southern parts of the left-bank Palatinate are
restored and
placed under Austrian and Bavarian
administration.
9 Jun 1815 - 30 Apr 1816
Left-bank Palatinate granted to Austria by
Congress of Vienna; joint
Austro-Bavarian administration continues.
1 May
1816
Annexed to Bavaria
(as part of Bavarian Palatinate [Pfalz]).
Mayors
- Bürgermeister -
17 Nov 1691 - 1701
Georg Ernst Rützhaub (1st
time) (b. 16.. - d. 1708)
1701 -
1702
Sigmund Heinrich Stegmann (1st time)
1702 - 1703
Georg Ernst
Rützhaub (2nd time) (s.a.)
1703 -
1704
Sigmund Heinrich Stegmann (2nd time)
1704 -
1705
Georg Ernst Rützhaub (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1705 -
1706
Sigmund Heinrich Stegmann (3rd time)
1706 -
1707
Georg Ernst Rützhaub (4th time)
(s.a.)
1707 -
1708
Sigmund Heinrich Stegmann (4th time)
1708 - 11 Dec
1708
Georg Ernst Rützhaub (5th time) (s.a.)
1709 -
1710
Georg Daniel Bleyel
(Bleyll) (d. 1721)
(1st time)
1710 - 18 Mar 1710 Israël
Kümmich
(d. 1710)
24 Jun 1710 -
1711
Johann Peter Schreyer
1711 -
1712
Georg Daniel Bleyel
(Bleyll) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1712 - 1713
Johann Conrad Schwankhard
(d. 1722)
(1st time)
1713 -
1714
Georg Daniel Bleyel
(Bleyll) (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1714 -
1715
Johann Conrad
Schwanckhardt
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1715 -
1716
Georg Daniel Bleyel
(Bleyll) (s.a.)
(4th time)
1716 - 1717
Johann Conrad
Schwanckhardt
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1717 - 1718
Georg Daniel Bleyel
(Bleyll)
(s.a.)
(5th time)
1718 - 1719
Johann Conrad
Schwanckhardt
(s.a.)
(4th time)
1719 -
1720
Georg Daniel Bleyel
(Bleyll) (s.a.)
(6th time)
1720 -
1721
Johann Conrad
Schwanckhardt
(s.a.)
(5th time)
1721 - 18 Jul 1721
Georg
Daniel Bleyel
(Bleyll) (s.a.)
(7th time)
1722 - 5 Apr 1722
Johann
Conrad
Schwanckhardt
(s.a.)
(6th time)
24 Jun 1722 - 1723 Johann
Adam Weiss
1723 -
1724
Georg Heinrich Kümmich (1st time)
1724 -
1725
Johann Peter Schreyer (1st time) (b. 1670?
- d. 1738)
1725 -
1726
Georg Heinrich Kümmich (2nd time)
1726 -
1727
Johann Peter Schreyer (2nd time) (s.a.)
1727 -
1728
Georg Heinrich Kümmich (3rd time)
1728 -
1729
Johann Peter Schreyer (3rd time) (s.a.)
1729 -
1730
Georg Heinrich Kümmich (4th time)
1730 -
1731
Johann Peter Schreyer (4th time) (s.a.)
1731 -
1732
Georg Heinrich Kümmich (5th time)
1732 -
1733
Johann Peter Schreyer (5th time) (s.a.)
1733 - 1734
Johann Heinrich Geyer (1st time)
(d. 1743)
1734 -
1735
Johann Peter Schreyer (6th time) (s.a.)
1735 -
1736
Johann Heinrich Geyer (2nd time) (s.a.)
1736 -
1737
Johann Peter Schreyer (7th time) (s.a.)
1737 -
1738
Johann Heinrich Geyer (3rd time) (s.a.)
1738 - 5 Jul 1738
Johann
Peter Schreyer (8th time) (s.a.)
1739 -
1740
Johann Heinrich Geyer (4th time) (s.a.)
1740 -
1741
Johannes Bäst (1st time)
(d. 1742)
1741 -
1742
Johann Heinrich Geyer (5th time) (s.a.)
1742 - 1 Apr
1742
Johannes Bäst (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1742 - 1743
Georg Martin Weltz (1st
time) (b. 1683 - d.
1748)
1743 - 16 Nov 1743
Johann
Heinrich Geyer (6th time) (s.a.)
1744 -
1745
Georg Martin Weltz (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1745 -
1746
Andreas Hoffmann (1st time)
1746 -
1747
Georg Martin Weltz (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1747 -
1748
Andreas Hoffmann (2nd time)
1748 - 21 Mar 1748
Georg
Martin Weltz (4th time)
(s.a.)
24 Jun 1748 -
1749
Johann Jacob Koch
1749 -
1750
Johann Friedrich Kümmich (1st time)(b. 1694 - d. 1754)
1750 -
1751
Johann Bartholomäus Weltz
(b. 1679 - d. 1756)
(1st time)
1751 -
1752
Johann Friedrich Kümmich (2nd time)(s.a.)
1752 -
1753
Johann Bartholomäus Weltz
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1753 -
1754
Johann Friedrich Kümmich (3rd time)(s.a.)
1754 -
1755
Johann Bartholomäus Weltz
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1755 -
1756
Benjamin Lesch (1st time)
1756 - 23 Sep 1756
Johann
Bartholomäus Weltz
(s.a.)
(4th time)
1757 -
1758
Benjamin Lesch (2nd time)
1758 - 1759
Friedrich Wilhelm Usslaub
(d. 1780)
(1st time)
1759 -
1760
Benjamin Lesch (3rd time)
1760 -
1761
Friedrich Wilhelm Usslaub
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1761 -
1762
Benjamin Lesch (4th time)
1762 -
1763
Friedrich Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1763 -
1764
Benjamin Lesch (5th time)
1764 -
1765
Friedrich Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(4th time)
1765 -
1766
Benjamin Lesch (6th time)
1766 -
1767
Friedrich Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(5th time)
1767 -
1768
Benjamin Lesch (7th time)
1768 -
1769
Friedrich Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(6th time)
1769 -
1770
Johann Heinrich Weltz (1st time)
1770 -
1771
Friedrich Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(7th time)
1771 -
1772
Johann Heinrich Weltz (2nd time)
1772 -
1773
Friedrich Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(8th time)
1773 -
1774
Johann Heinrich Weltz (3rd time)
1774 -
1775
Friedrich Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(9th time)
1775 -
1776
Johann Carl Alexander Holtzmann (b.
1699 - d. 1784)
(1st time)
1776 -
1777
Friedrich Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(10th time)
1777 -
1778
Johann Carl Alexander Holtzmann
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1778 -
1779
Friedrich Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(11th time)
1779 -
1780
Johann Carl Alexander Holtzmann
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1780 - 27 Dec 1780
Friedrich
Wilhelm
Usslaub
(s.a.)
(12th time)
1781 - 1782
Johann Carl Alexander Holtzmann
(s.a.)
(4th time)
1782 -
1783
Johann Georg Freyburger
1783 -
1784
Johann Carl Alexander Holtzmann
(s.a.)
(5th time)
1784 -
1785
Johann Kaspar Petsch (1st time)
1785 -
1786
Johann Michael Weiss (1st time)
1786 -
1787
Johann Kaspar Petsch (2nd time)
1787 -
1788
Johann Michael Weiss (2nd time)
1788 -
1789
Johann Kaspar Petsch (3rd time)
1789 -
1790
Johann Michael Weiss (3rd time)
1790 -
1791
Johann Kaspar Petsch (4th time)
1791 -
1792
Johann Michael Weiss (4th time)
1792 - 2 Nov
1792
Johann Kaspar Petsch (5th time)
- Altermeister -
1698
- 1699
Johann Philipp Zuber
1709 - 1710
Nicolaus Süss (1st time)
(d. 1715)
1710 -
1711
Johann Conrad
Schwankhard
(s.a.)
1711 - 1712
Nicolaus Süss (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1712 -
1713
Johann Peter Schreyer (1st time)
(s.a.)
1713 -
1714
Nicolaus Süss (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1714 -
1715
Johann Peter Schreyer (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1715 -
1716
Nicolaus Süss (4th
time)
(s.a.)
1716 -
1717
Johann Peter Schreyer (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1717 -
1718
Georg Heinrich Kümmich (1st time)
1718 -
1719
Johann Peter Schreyer (4th time)
(s.a.)
1719 - 1720
Georg Heinrich Kümmich (2nd time)
1720 - 1721
Johann Peter Schreyer (5th
time) (s.a.)
1721 -
1722
Georg Heinrich Kümmich (3rd time)
1722 -
1723
Johann Peter Schreyer (6th time)
(s.a.)
1723 -
1724
Johann Heinrich Geyer (1st time)
(s.a.)
1724 -
1725
Johann Adam Weiss (1st time)
1725 -
1726
Johann Heinrich Geyer (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1726 -
1727
Johann Adam Weiss (2nd time)
1727 -
1728
Johann Heinrich Geyer (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1728 -
1729
Johann Adam Weiss (3rd time)
1729 -
1730
Johann Heinrich Geyer (4th time)
(s.a.)
1730 -
1731
Johann Adam Weiss (4th time)
1731 -
1732
Johann Heinrich Geyer (5th time)
(s.a.)
1732 -
1733
Johannes Bäst (1st
time)
(s.a.)
1733 -
1734
Andreas Hoffmann (1st time)
1734 -
1735
Johannes Bäst (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1735 -
1736
Andreas Hoffmann (2nd time)
1736 -
1737
Johannes Bäst (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1737 -
1738
Andreas Hoffmann (3rd time)
1738 -
1739
Johannes Bäst (4th
time)
(s.a.)
1739 -
1740
Andreas Hoffmann (4th time)
1740 -
1741
Johann Melchior Schwanckart
(Schwanckhard)(1st time)
1741 -
1742
Andreas Hoffmann (5th time)
1742 -
1743
Johann Melchior Schwanckart
(2nd time)
1743 -
1744
Andreas Hoffmann (6th time)
1744 - 1745
Johann Bartholomäus
Weltz
(s.a.)
(1st time)
1745 -
1746
Johann Friedrich Kümmich (1st time)
1746 -
1747
Johann Bartholomäus
Weltz
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1747 -
1748
Johann Friedrich Kümmich (2nd time)
1748 - 1749
Johann
Bartholomäus
Weltz
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1749 - 1750
Benjamin Lesch (1st time)
1750 -
1751
Johann Jacob Koch (1st time)
1751 -
1752
Benjamin Lesch (2nd time)
1752 -
1753
Johann Jacob Koch (2nd time)
1753 -
1754
Benjamin Lesch (3rd time)
1754 - 1755
Friedrich Wilhelm Usslaub
(1st time)
1755 -
1756
Johann Michael Deines (1st time)
1756 -
1757
Friedrich Wilhelm Usslaub
(2nd time)
1757 -
1758
Johann Michael Deines (2nd time)
1758 - 1759
Johann Friedrich
Schwengsfeuer
(1st time)
1759 -
1760
Johann Michael Deines (3rd time)
1760 -
1761
Johann Friedrich Schwengsfeuer
(2nd time)
1761 - 1762
Johann Michael Deines (4th
time)
1762 -
1763
Johann Friedrich Schwengsfeuer
(3rd time)
1763 -
1764
Johann Michael Deines (5th time)
1764 -
1765
Johann Friedrich Schwengsfeuer
(4th time)
1765 -
1766
Johann Michael Deines (6th time)
1766 - 1767
Johann Friedrich Schwengsfeuer
(5th time)
1767 -
1768
Johann Heinrich Weltz (1st time)
1768 -
1769
Johann Friedrich Schwengsfeuer
(6th time)
1769 -
1770
Johann Carl Alexander Holtzmann
(s.a.)
(1st time)
1770 -
1771
Johann Friedrich Schwengsfeuer
(7th time)
1771 -
1772
Johann Carl Alexander Holtzmann
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1772 -
1773
Johann Friedrich Schwengsfeuer
(8th time)
1773 -
1774
Johann Carl Alexander Holtzmann
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1774 -
1775
Johann Georg Freyburger (1st time)
1775 - 1776
Johann Michael Weiss (1st
time)
1776 -
1777
Johann Georg Freyburger (2nd time)
1777 -
1778
Johann Michael Weiss (2nd time)
1778 -
1779
Johann Georg Freyburger (3rd time)
1779 -
1780
Johann Michael Weiss (3rd time)
1780 -
1781
Johann Georg Freyburger (4th time)
1781 -
1782
Johann Michael Weiss (4th time)
1782 -
1783
Johann Kaspar Petsch
1783 -
1784
Johann Michael Weiss (5th time)
1784 -
1785
Johann Friedrich Trapp (1st time)
1785 -
1786
Georg David Scharpf (Scharpff)
1786 -
1787
Friedrich Christoph Freytag
(1st time)
1787 -
1788
Johann Friedrich Trapp (2nd time)
1788 -
1789
Friedrich Christoph Freytag
(2nd time)
1789 -
1790
Johann Friedrich Trapp (3rd time)
1790 -
1791
Friedrich Christoph Freytag
(3rd time)
1791 -
1792
Johann Friedrich Trapp
(4th time)
1792 - 2 Nov
1792
Friedrich Christoph Freytag
(4th time)
-
(French) Maires -
2 Nov 1792 - 9 Mar
1793 Carl Ludwig Adolf
Petersen
(b. 1746 - d. 1827)
(provisional)
9 Mar 1793 - 21 May 1793 Johannes Becker
(1st time)
21 May 1793 - 30 Dec 1793 Free
city restored
-
Bürgermeister -
21 May
1793 - 30 Dec 1793 Johann Kaspar Petsch (6th
time)
30
Dec 1793 - 31 May 1794 French
occupation
31 May 1794 - 14 Jul
1794 Johannes Becker (1st time)
(in Mannheim exile to 16 Oct 1795)
- Altermeister -
21
May 1793 - 30 Dec 1793 Johann Friedrich
Trapp (5th time)
30
Dec 1793 - 31 May 1794 French
occupation
31 May 1794 - 6
Jun 1794 Johann
Schwanckhardt
(in Mannheim exile)
6 Jun 1794 - 14 Jul 1794
Johann Michael Weiss
(in Mannheim exile to 16 Oct 1795)
- (French) Maires -
30 Dec 1793 - 31 May 1794 Karl Wilhelm Mentzer
(acting)
31 May 1794 - 14 Jul 1794 Free city restored
14 Jul 1794 - 8 Jun 1795 Carl
Alexander
Holtzmann
(b. 1759 - d. 1820)
(administrator)
8 Jun 1795 - 28 Jun 1795 Johannes Becker
(2nd time)
28 Jun 1795 - 4 Jul 1795 Free city
restored
- Bürgermeister
-
28
Jun 1795 - 4 Jul 1795 Johannes Becker
(2nd time)
4 Jul 1795
- 16 Oct 1795 French
occupation
16 Oct 1795 - 6 Jan 1796
Johannes Becker (3rd time)
6 Jan 1796 - 31 Oct 1796 Johann Adam
Weiss
(b. 1751 - d. 1804)
- Altermeister -
28
Jun 1795 - 4 Jul 1795 Vacant?
4 Jul 1795 - 16 Oct 1795
French occupation
16 Oct 1795 - 4
Jul 1796 Johann David Staub
4 Jul 1796 - 1 Oct 1796 French
occupation
1 Oct 1796 - 31 Oct 1796 Johannes
Becker
Mayors (Maires)
4
Jul 1795 - 16 Oct 1795 Johann Adam Weiss
(1st time) (s.a.)
16 Oct 1795 - 8 Jun 1796 Free
city restored
8 Jun 1796 - 28 Jun 1796 Johannes Becker
(3rd time)
28 Jun 1796 - 4 Jul 1796 Free city
restored
4 Jul 1796 - 1 Oct 1796 Johann Adam
Weiss (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Oct 1796 - 31 Oct 1796 Free city
restored
31 Oct 1796 - 8 Feb 1798 Johann
Adam Weiss (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Municipal-Agents
8 Feb 1798 - Sep
1798 Carl Alexander
Holtzmann
(s.a.)
22 Sep 1798 - 27 Feb 1800 Wilhelm Leschmann
29 Feb 1800 -
1801
Franz Freytag
Mayors (Maires)
5 Feb 1801 - 15 Feb 1804 Johann Adam
Weiss (4th time)
(s.a.)
1804 - 14 Aug 1809
Ludwig Wilhelm
Sonntag
(b. 1746 - d. 1816)
17 Aug 1809 - 31 Dec 1813 Georg Friedrich
Hetzel
Stablo-Malmedy (abbey): see Stavelot-Malmédy under Belgium
Steinfurt (Bentheim-Steinfurt)
c.1129
Lordship of Steinfurt (Herrschaft Steinfurt)
first mentioned.
1343 - 1357
Occupied by Bishopric of Münster.
1357
Baldwin II of Steinfurt is enfeoffed with the Free
County of
Laer (Freigrafschaft
Laer).
1421 - 1454
Part of County of Bentheim.
1454
Bentheim-Steinfurt (Grafschaft
Bentheim-Steinfurt) partitioned
from
County of Bentheim.
26 Apr
1495
County of Steinfurt (Grafschaft Steinfurt).
13 Dec 1530 - 10 Feb 1643 County of Bentheim
passes to Steinfurt.
12 May
1804
County of Bentheim annexed to
Steinfurt.
1 Aug
1806
Steinfurt annexed to Prussia,
and Bentheim to Berg.
13 Dec
1810
Annexed to France
(from 27 Apr 1811, part of département
de la Lippe).
Oct 1813 - 25 May 1815
Prussian administration.
25 May
1815
Annexed to Prussia
(part of Westfalen province).
Counts (title Graf von Bentheim und zu
Steinfurt)
26 Aug 1693 - 10 Mar 1713
Ernst
(b. 1661 - d. 1713)
10 Mar 1713 - 7 Jun 1733 Friedrich
Belgicus
Karl
(b. 1703 - d. 1733)
10 Mar 1713 - 24 Nov 1724 Isabella
Justina van
(b. 1661 - d. 1734)
Hoorn (f) -Regent
7 Jun 1733 - 30 Jun 1780 Karl Paul
Ernst
(b. 1729 - d. 1780)
30 Jun 1780 - 1 Aug 1806 Ludwig I
Wilhelm Geldricus Ernst (b. 1756 - d. 1817)
29 Mar 1889 - 1 Jul 1909 Christian
Ludwig Hermann Petersen (b. 1844 - d. 1909)
Stolberg
1210 County of Stolberg (Grafschaft Stolberg)
1231 Partitioned into itself and Bockstädt.
1429 Acquired Wernigerode.
1544 Split between a Harz line (Stolberg-Stolberg) and a Rhenish line
with the possessions in Rochefort (Stolberg-Rochefort) and
Königstein im Taunus (Stolberg-Königstein).
1631 Stolberg-Stolberg inherited by members of the Rhenish line.
31 May 1645 Stolberg-Stolberg is divided between a senior Stolberg-Wernigerode
line and a junior Stolberg-Stolberg line.
7 Apr 1704 Stolberg-Rossla split from Stolberg-Stolberg.
27 Apr 1803 Stolberg-Stolberg & Stolberg-Rossla annexed to kingdom of Saxony.
28 Aug 1807 Stolberg-Wernigerode annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
21 Jun 1815 Stolberg-Wernigerode annexed to Prussia.
1572
Partitioned from
Stolberg-Wernigerode.
1641
Extinct; to
Stolberg-Wernigerode.
1706
County of Stolberg-Rossla (Grafschaft
Stolberg-Rossla) split
from Stolberg-Stolberg.
27 Apr
1803
Annexed to kingdom of Saxony.
21 Jun
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Graf zu Stolberg-Rossla)
22 May 1669 - 7 Apr
1704 Christoph Ludwig
I
(b. 1634 - d. 1704)
(in Ortenburg)
7 Apr 1704 - 17 Jun
1739 Justus
Christian
(b. 1676 - d. 1739)
17 Apr 1739 - 8 Mar
1768 Friedrich
Botho
(b. 1714 - d.
1810)
8 Mar 1768 -
1776
Heinrich
(b.
1747 - d. 1810)
1776 - 27 Apr
1803
Johann
Wilhelm
(b. 1748 - d.
1826)
Stolberg-Stolberg
1544
County of Stolberg (Grafschaft Stolberg)
partitioned from Stolberg.
1549
Acquired Schwarza.
1631
Extinct; to
Stolberg-Wernigerode.
31 May 1645
Stolberg-Stolberg is divided between
a senior Stolberg-Wernigerode
line and a junior Stolberg-Stolberg line.
1706
Partitioned
into County of Stolberg-Stolberg (Grafschaft Stolberg-
Stolberg) and Stolberg-Rossla.
1738
Under the suzerainty
of the Electorate of Saxony.
27 Apr
1803
Annexed to kingdom of Saxony.
18 May
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Graf zu Stolberg Stolberg)
7 Apr 1704 - 22 Aug 1738
Christoph Friedrich
(b. 1672 - d. 1738)
22 Aug 1738 - 20 Aug 1761
Christoph Ludwig II
(b. 1703 - d. 1761)
20 Aug 1761 - 27 Apr 1803 Karl
Ludwig
(b. 1742 - d.
1815)
Stolberg-Wernigerode
1544
County of Stolberg-Wernigerode (Grafschaft
Stolberg-Wernigerode)
partitioned
from Stolberg.
1572
Partitioned into
itself and Stolberg-Rossla.
1581
Acquired Gedern and Baldern.
31 May 1645
Stolberg-Stolberg is divided between
a senior Stolberg-Wernigerode
line and a junior Stolberg-Stolberg line.
1714 -
1807
Under Prussian administration.
28 Aug
1807
Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
28 Oct 1813 - 21 Jun 1815 Allied
administration.
21 Jun
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Graf zu Stolberg und zu
Wernigerode)
4 Apr 1672 - 27 Aug
1710 Ludwig
Christian
(b. 1658 - d. 1710)
4 Apr 1672 - 26 Sep
1679 .... -Regent
4 Apr 1672 - 9
Nov 1710 Ernst (in Isenburg)
(b.
1650 - d. 1710)
27 Aug 1710 - 25 Oct
1771 Christian
Ernst
(b. 1691 - d. 1771)
9 Nov 1710 - 14 Sep
1748 Heinrich August (in
Schwarza) (b. 1697 - d.
1748)
25 Oct 1771 - 24 Oct
1778 Heinrich Ernst
II
(b. 1727 - d. 1778)
24 Oct 1778 - 28 Aug
1807 Christian
Friedrich
(b. 1746 - d. 1824)
Störnstein (Sternstein)
1355
Made fief of Bohemia.
c.1548
Confiscated by Austria.
1562
To Lobkowitz as fief of
Bohemia.
11 Oct
1623
Princely County of Störnstein (Gefürstete
Grafschaft Störnstein).
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Bavaria.
Princely Counts (title Fürst Lobkowitz,
Gefürstete Graf von Sternstein)
1689 - 13 Oct
1715
Ferdinand
August
(b. 1655 - d. 1715)
13 Oct 1715 - 21 Dec 1735 Philip
Hyazinth
(b. 1680 - d. 1735)
21 Dec 1735 - 14 Jan 1784
Ferdinand
(b. 1724 - d. 1784)
14 Jan 1784 - 12 Jul 1806 Joseph
Franz
Maximilian
(b. 1772 - d. 1816)
Strassburg (Strasbourg)
![[Strasbourg (Strassburg)
Bishopric (Germany)]](fr-67-st.gif "[Strasbourg (Strassburg)
Bishopric (Germany)]")
c.530
Bishopric of Strassburg (Hochstift
Strassburg) re-established.
775
Acquired
territory.
982
Imperial immediacy.
1272 - 1681
Strasbourg an Imperial
Free City (Freistadt
Strassburg).
1444 -
1789
Residence of the Bishop in Zabern.
24 Oct
1648
Territories on the left bank of the Rhine River annexed
to
France.
30 Sep
1681
City of Strasbourg (Strassburg) annexed to France.
20 Sep 1697
Annexation of Strasbourg recognized
by the Holy Roman Empire
in Treaty of Ryswick.
1789
Residence of the Bishop moved to Ettenheim.
1789/92
French territories of the bishop confiscated.
27 Apr
1803
Territories on the right side of the Rhine (Ettenheim)
annexed by Baden.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischöfe zu
Strassburg/Prince-évêque de
Strasbourg)
8 Jun 1682 - 10 Apr 1704
Wilhelm Egon Cardinal von
(b. 1629 - d. 1704)
Fürstenberg
10 Apr 1704 - 19 Jul 1749 Armand
Gaston Maximilien Cardinal (b. 1674 - d. 1749)
de Rohan de Soubise
(co-adjutor 28 Feb 1701 - 10 Apr 1704)
19 Jul 1749 - 28 Jun 1756
François Armand Auguste Cardinal (b. 1717 -
d. 1756)
de Rohan-Soubise-Ventadour
(co-adjutor 21 May 1742 - 19 Jul 1749)
23 Sep 1756 - 11 Mar 1779 Louis
César Constantin Cardinal (b. 1697 - d.
1779)
de Rohan Guémené Montbazon
11 Mar 1779 - 29 Nov 1801 Louis
René Edouard Cardinal de (b. 1734 -
d. 1803)
Rohan-Guéménée
9 Apr 1802 - 27 Apr 1803
Jean-Pierre Saurine
(b. 1733 - d. 1813)
Styria (Steiermark): see Austrian Lands to 1918
Swedish Pomerania
|
![[Flag of Sweden]](se.gif "[Flag of Sweden]")
1168 - 1259 Island of Rügen principality a fief under Danish rule.
1325 Rügen rulers extinct; to Pomerania-Wolgast (fief of Denmark until
1438).
1627 - 1630 Occupied by Imperial forces (except Stralsund).
May 1630 Sweden occupies Rügen Island.
25 Jun 1628 Stralsund concludes an alliance with Sweden, to last 20 years.
Sweden then stations a garrison in the town.
Jun 1630 Sweden invades Pomerania from Stralsund (takes Stettin 20 Jul
1630).
21 Apr 1631 Occupied by Sweden.
24 Oct 1648 Swedish possessions confirmed by the Treaty of Westpahlia
(West Pomerania, including Stettin, and the island of Rügen;
the archbishopric [but not the city] of Bremen and the
adjoining bishopric of Verden; Wismar; and the island of Pöl.
(Schwedisch Pommern/Svenska Pommern).
6 Jun 1653 Hither Pomerania or Farther Pomerania (Hinterpommern) ceded to
Brandenburg-Prussia.
Aug 1659 - Jun 1660 Occupied by Brandenburg (excluding only Stralsund and Stettin).
17 Dec 1677 - 3 Dec 1679 Occupied by Denmark, Brandenburg and Imperial forces.
23 Dec 1715 - 3 Jul 1720 Occupied by Denmark and Prussia.
21 Jan 1719 Western Swedish Pomerania south of Peene River and east of River
Peenestrom are ceded to Prussia (including Usedom, Wollin,
and Stettin).
3 Jul 1720 The parts of Swedish Pomerania occupied by Denmark are restored
to Sweden (Wismar, Rügen and coastal area around Stralsund),
with a capital at Greifswald.
26 Jun 1806 The Constitution of Pomerania is declared suspended and
abolished by royal proclamation of King Gustaf IV Adolf
(Swedish law declared to take precedence from 1 Sep 1808).
30 Jan 1807 - 1 Apr 1807 French troops under Édouard Mortier (b. 1768 - d. 1835) lay siege
to Stralsund fortress.
20 Aug 1807 - 12 Mar 1810 Occupied (from Oct 1807 along with Rügen) by France
(Poméranie Suédoise).
26 Jan 1812 - 8 Mar 1813 Re-occupied, along with Rügen, by France.
14 Jan 1814 Ceded to Denmark by Sweden in exchange for Norway (Denmark
does not take possession).
23 Oct 1815 Denmark cedes the territory to Prussia in exchange
for the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg.
Commandants in Stralsund
17 Jul 1628 - 1630
Alexander Leslie (1st time)
(b. c.1580 - d. 1661)
Jun 1630 - 1631
James MacDougal
12 Jan 1632 - 163.
Alexander Leslie (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Envoys in Stettin
21 Apr 1631 - 22 Aug 1632
Claes Carlsson greve
Horn (b.
1583 - d. 1632)
1631 -
1632
David Drummond (commander)
(b. 1593 - d. 1638)
4 Feb 1633 - Nov
1638 Sten Svantesson
Bielke
(b. 1598 - d. 1638)
Envoy in Wolgast
163. - 1637
Volkmar Wolfgang von Putbus (b.
1583 - d. 1637)
Governors (in Stettin
and Wolgast)
4 May 1638 -
163.
Axel Lillie
(b.
1603 - d. 1662)
+ Johan Nilsson
Lilljehök
(b. 1598 - d. 1642)
Governors-general over Pomerania
and Rügen
(generalguvernör över Pommern och
Rügen)
28 Nov 1638 - 10 May 1641 Johan
Banér
(b. 1596 - d.
1641)
May 1641 - 1646
Lennart Torstensson (from 1647, (b. 1603 -
d. 1651)
greve av Ortala)
1646 -
1648
Axel
Lillie
(s.a.)
8 Apr 1648 - 17 Jun 1653 Arvid
Forbus
(b. 1598 - d. 1665)
1648 - 1650
Carl
Gustaf Wrangel (1st time) (b.
1613 - d. 1676)
1650 - 1652
Johan Axelsson
Oxenstierna (b. 1612 - d.
1657)
(Oxenstjerna)
29 Nov 1652 - 1655
Axel Lillie
(s.a.)
1655
Arvid Wittenberg (Wirtenberg)
(b. 1606 - d. 1657)
1656 - 5 Dec 1657
Johan Axelsson Oxenstierna
(b. 1611 - d. 1657)
1657 - 25 Jun 1676
Carl Gustaf Wrangel (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Aug 1659 - 1660
Christoph Albrecht von
(b. 1621 - d. 1677)
Dohna -Brandenburg commander
27 Nov 1675 - 25 Oct 1678
Otto Vilhelm greve Königsmarck af (b. 1639 - d. 1688)
Stegeholm und Westerwik (1st time)
(commander)
25 Oct 1678 - 1679
Georg Freiherr von
(b. 1606
- d. 1695)
Derfflinger -Brandenburg governor
14 Oct 1679 - 1687
Otto
Vilhelm greve Königsmarck af (s.a.)
Stegeholm und Westerwik (2nd time)
19 Apr 1687 - 21 Apr 1698 Nils Bielke
(b. 1644 - d. 1716)
4 Jul 1698 - 13 Jan
1713 Jürgen greve von
Mellin
(b. 1633 - d. 1713)
27 Mar 1713 - 23 Dec 1715
Johan August Meyerfeldt
(b. 1666 - d. 1749)
(Meijerfeldt) (1st time)
(from 3 Mar 1714, Johan August
greve Meyerfeldt)
23 Dec 1715 - 9 Sep
1719 Frantz Joachim von
(b. 1666 - d. 1719)
Dewitz -Dane
governor
1719 - 7 Nov 1721
Jobst von Scholten -Dane
governor (b. c.1644 - d. 1721)
1721 -
1748
Johan August greve Meyerfeldt (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
16 Feb 1748 -
1766
Axel von
Löwen
(b.
1686 - d. 1772)
(from 21 Nov 1651, Axel greve von Löwen)
Sep 1766 - 29 Apr
1772 Johan Henrik von
Liewen d.y. (b. 1703
- d. 1781)
11 May 1772 - 21 Jun 1776
Fredrik Karl greve
Sinclair (b. 1723 -
d. 1776)
(Sinklaire)
1776 -
1791
Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von
(b. 1735 - d. 1808)
Hessenstein (from 1785, Friedrich
Wilhelm
Reichsfürst von Hessenstein)
7 Sep 1792 - 20 Apr 1796 Erik
Ruuth
(b. 1746 - d. 1820)
20 Apr 1796 -
1800
Philip Bernhard Julius friherre (b. 1732 -
d. 1805)
von
Platen
18 Apr 1800 - Sep 1807
Hans Henrik von Essen (1st time) (b. 1755 -
d. 1824)
French Military Governors of
Poméranie Suédoise
20 Aug 1807 -
1807
Guillaume Marie Anne
Brune (b. 1763
- d. 1815)
1807 - 1808
Gabriel Jean Joseph
Molitor (b. 1770 -
d. 1849)
1808 - Mar 1809
Jacques Lazare Savettier
de (b.
1768 - d. 1812)
Candras (from 27
Nov 1808, baron de la Tour de Pré)
8 Mar 1809 - 12 Mar 1810 Jean-Jacques
Liébert, baron de (b. 1758 - d. 1814)
Nitray
26 Jan 1812 - 29 Feb 1812 Louis-Nicolas
Davout, duc (b. 1770 -
d. 1823)
d'Auerstaedt, prince d'Eckmuhl
(commander)
29 Feb 1812 - 9 Mar 1813 Joseph,
baron Morand
(b. 1757 - d. 1813)
(commandant)
Intendant Poméranie Suédoise,
Imperial Commissioner
Jul 1807 - Mar 1809
François Joseph Dominique de (b.
1773 - d. 1852)
Brémond
Governor-general of
(Swedish) Pomerania
26 Mar 1810 - 1812
Hans Henrik von Essen (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(from 29 Jun 1809, Hans Henrik greve von Essen)
Governors of
(Swedish) Pomerania
3 Mar 1813 - 1814
Johan
August Sandels
(b. 1764 - d. 1831)
(interim governor)
1814 - 23 Oct 1815
Wilhelm Malte Fürst zu Putbus (b.
1783 - d. 1854)
(vice
governor)
Rügen (Ruegen) Island
Landvögte (state advocates)
1630 -
1632
Arend von Bohlen auf Glasitz
1632 -
1642
Eckard von Usedom
(b. 1580 - d. 1646)
1642 -
1664
Ernst von Berglasen
(b. c.1595 - d. 1666)
1664 -
1694
Wilken von Berglasen auf Teschvitz
1694 -
1698
Johann Karl von der Lancken
(b. 1656 - d. 1701)
auf
Zurkwitz
1699 -
1706
Jacob von
Wewezar
(d. 1706)
1706 -
1711
Arend Christoph von Bohlen
(d. 1711)
auf Bohlendorf
1711 - 1716
Hermann Alexander von Wolffradt (b.
1689 - d. 1734)
(1st time)
Danish Amtmann
und Landvogt
1716 – 1718
Johann Jansson von
Silberstern
1718 – 1721
Christoph August von John
Landvögte (state advocates)
1721 -
1734
Hermann Alexander von Wolffradt (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1734 -
1736
Vacant
1736 -
1759
Bogislaw Georg von
Platen
(b. 1693 - d. 1759)
1760 -
1785
Karl Gustaf von Wolffradt
(b. 1717 - d. 1794)
1785 -
1805
Karl Friedrich von
Usedom
(b. 1756 - d. 1805)
1805 -
1815
Karl Ludwig Adolf von Bohlen (b.
1780 - d. 1850)
Tarasp: see under Swiss Territories
Thorn (abbey): see under Netherlands
Toggenburg: see under Swiss Territories
Toul: see under France provinces to 1791
Trieste (Triest): see under Italy
Trent (Trient)(bishopric): see Italian states to 1860
Trier (Treves)
![[Trier bishopric (Germany)]](de_trev.gif "[Trier bishopric (Germany)]")
|
|
Koblenz (from 1786) |
(1792 est.) |
50
Bishopric of Treves (Stift Trier)
founded, according to legend.
c.800
Raised to Archbishopric of Treves (Erzstift
Trier)
(314 according to some chronicles).
898
Imperial
immediacy.
25 Dec
1356
Golden Bull codifies Archchancellor office and electoral
status.
1673 -
1675
Occupied by France.
1688 -
1698
Occupied by France.
1705 -
1714
Occupied by France.
1735 -
1737
Occupied by France.
Aug 1794 -
1797
Under French occupation, electoral government
moves to exile
in
Augsburg.
27 Oct
1797
Territories
west of the Rhine ceded to France by Treaty of Campo
Formio.
9 Mar
1801
Ceded parts annexed to France
as part of the département of
Sarre
(see under Germany).
27 Apr
1803
Final Act (enactment of Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
of
25 Feb 1803) abolishes the electoral principality of
Trier, the
remaining electoral territories east of the Rhine a part
of Nassau
(occupied from 1802).
5 Jan 1814 - Jun 1814
Allied administration (from Feb 1814,
as Government-General
of
Middle Rhine, seat in Trier, later in Koblenz).
Jun 1814
Former territories annexed to Prussia.
Archbishops¹
13 Jul 1676 - 6 Jan 1711
Johann VIII Hugo, Freiherr von (b.
1634 - d. 1711)
Orsbeck
6 Jan 1711 - 4 Dec
1715 Karl Joseph Ignaz Herzog von
(b. 1680 - d. 1715)
Lothringen
20 Feb 1716 - 7 Apr 1729
Franz Ludwig Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, (b. 1664 - d.
1732)
Herzog von Neuburg
2 May 1729 - 18 Jan 1756
Franz Georg Graf von Schönborn
(b. 1682 - d. 1756)
18 Feb 1756 - 12 Jan 1768 Johann
Philipp Graf
von
(b. 1701 - d. 1768)
Walderdorff
10 Feb 1768 - 25 Apr 1802
Clemens Wenceslaus August Hubert (b. 1739 - d.
1812)
Franz
Xaver Herzog von Sachsen
25 Apr 1802 - 27 Apr 1803
Vacant
Allied Governor-general of Middle Rhine
Feb 1814 – Jun
1814 Karl
Justus Gruner (Russia)
(b. 1777 - d. 1820)
First State and Conference Ministers (position
established 1768)
1768 – 1769
Jakob Georg Freiherr von
(b. 1695 - d. 1779)
Spangenberg
1770 – 1780
Franz Eustach Freiherr von
(b. 1729 - d. 1805)
Hornstein
1780 – 1782
Vacant
1782 – 1802
Ferdinand Freiherr von
Duminique (b. 1742 - d. 1803)
¹Full title: Archbishop of Treves and Archchancellor of the Holy Roman Empire for Gaul and the Kingdom of Arles and Prince-Elector (Erzbischof von Trier und des Heiligen Römischen Reichs Erzkanzler für Gallien und das Arelatsche Königreich und Kurfürst).
Tyrol (Tirol): see under Austrian Lands to 1918
Ulm
![[Ulm free city (Germany)]](de-prhoh.gif "[Ulm free city (Germany)]")
854
First mentioned
as Ulma.
1115
Imperial City of Ulm (Reichsstadt Ulm).
9 Feb 1331 - 1356/9
Pledged to
Graisbach.
1632 -
1633
Occupied by Sweden under Patrick Ruthven.
1702 - 1704
Occupied by Bavaria.
1799 - 1801
Austrian occupation.
1801 - 1802
French occupation.
2 Sep
1802
Annexed by Bavaria.
28 Feb
1810
Annexed by Württemberg.
First Mayors (title Erster Bürgermeister)
1760 -
1767
Philipp Adolph Schad
1767 -
1769
Johann Browy Seutter
1769 -
1771
Johann Conrad Seutter
1771 -
1772
Christoph Erhard Besserer
1772 -
1773
Christoph Heinrich von Besserer II
(1st time)
1773 -
1791
Albrecht Baldinger
1791 -
1792
Mark Theodor Freiherr von Welfer
1792 -
1794
Johann Conrad von Kraft
1794 -
1796
Albrecht Friedrich von Baldinger
1796 -
1801
Karl Friedrich von Neubroner (b.
1733 - d. 1804)
1801 -
1802
Christoph Heinrich von Besserer II
(2nd time)
Unterwalden: see Obwalden under Swiss Cantons
Uri: see under Swiss Cantons
Utrecht (bishopric): see under Netherlands provinces
Uznach: see under Swiss Territories
Vaduz: see under Liechtenstein
Valais (Wallis): see under Swiss Cantons
Vaud (Waadt): see under Swiss Cantons
Verden: see Bremen-Verden
Verdun: see under Metz under France provinces to 1791
Vorarlberg: see under Austrian Lands to 1918
Vorderösterreich (Vordlande): see Austrian Lands to 1918
Waldeck-Pyrmont
|
![[Waldeck-Pyrmont
(Germany)]](de.gif "[Waldeck-Pyrmont
(Germany)]")
- 1219 Lordship of Waldeck established, with many divisions
- beginning 16 Feb 1397.
- 1349 County of Waldeck
- 1625 The Waldeck-Eisenberg branch acquires the County of Pyrmont.
- 17 Jun 1682 The ruler of the Waldeck-Eisenberg branch assumes the style
- Fürst zu Waldeck, Graf von Pyrmont.
- 29 Nov 1692 All branches reunited; style: Graf von Waldeck und Pyrmont.
- 6 Jan 1712 Waldeck raised to rank of principality.
- 1805 Waldeck and Pyrmont separated, both ranked as principalities.
- 24 Sep 1812 Reunited as Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont
- (Fürstentum zu Waldeck und Pyrmont).
- 13 Nov
1918
Free State of Waldeck-Pyrmont (Freistaat
Waldeck-Pyrmont)
- (see German states since 1918).
|
|
"Das Waldecker Lied" (The Song of Waldeck) (Mein Waldeck)(1890-1918) |
"Unter dieser eiche lasst euch nieder (Under this oak you let down) (1809-1890) |
|
(Waldeck to 1655) |
|
|
Counts (title Graf von Waldeck und
Pyrmont)
29 Nov 1692 - 12 Dec 1706 Christian
Ludwig
(b. 1635 - d. 1706)
12 Dec 1706 - 6 Jan 1712 Friedrich
Anton
Ulrich
(b. 1676 - d. 1728)
Princes (title Fürst zu Waldeck, Graf
von Pyrmont)
6 Jan 1712 - 1 Jan
1728 Friedrich Anton
Ulrich
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1728 - 17 May 1728
Christian
Philipp
(b. 1701 - d. 1728)
17 May 1728 - 29 Aug 1763 Karl August
Friedrich
(b. 1704 - d. 1763)
29 Aug 1763 - 24 Sep 1812 Friedrich
I
(b. 1743 - d. 1812)
(from 1805, only Fürst zu Waldeck)
29 Aug 1763 - 25 Oct 1766 Christiane
Henriette Pfalzgräfin (b. 1725 - d.
1816)
von Birkenfeld (f) -Regent
Princes (title Fürst zu Waldeck und
Pyrmont)
1805 - 9 Sep
1813
Georg
(b. 1747 - d. 1813)
(to 24 Sep 1812, Prinz zu Waldeck, Fürst zu
Pyrmont)
9 Sep 1813 - 15 May 1845
Georg Friedrich
Heinrich
(b. 1789 - d. 1845)
15 May 1845 - 12 May 1893 Georg
Viktor
(b. 1831 - d. 1893)
15 May 1845 - 14 Jan 1852 Emma von
Anhalt-Bernburg-
Schaumburg-Hoym (f) -Regent
(b.
1802 - d. 1858)
12 May 1893 - 13 Nov 1918 Friedrich
II
(b. 1865 - d. 1946)
Chancellors (Kanzler,
Geheimenrat)
1734 -
17..
Friedrich August von Klettenberg (b. 1687 -
d. 1740)
c.1805
Georg August von
Frensdorff (b.
1740 - d. 1819)
1812 -
1832
Christian Wilhelm Kreusler
(b. 1774 - d. 1834)
Prime ministers (Regierungsdirektoren;
from 1848, Vorsitzende der Regierung)
1814 -
1823
Rudolf Carl Christian von Preen (b. 1756 -
d. 1841)
1824 -
1838
Burchard Christian von Spilcker (b. 1770 -
d. 1834)
1832 -
1848
Theodor Friedrich Neumann
(b. 1783 - d. 1867)
1838 -
1843
Georg Christian August Varnhagen (b.
1762 - d. 1843)
1843 -
1848
Ludwig Hagemann
(b.
1784 - d. 1872)
Mar 1848 - 24 Jul
1848 Karl Wilhelm von
Stockhausen (b.
1804 - d. 1899)
Jul 1848 - 1849
Karl Wilhelm Gleisner
(acting) (b. 1803 - d. 1873)
Mar 1849 -
1851
Ludwig Wolrad Friedrich Wilhelm (b. 1793 -
d. 1862)
Schumacher
Feb 1851 - 31 Dec
1867 Karl August Ludwig
Winterberg (b. 1812 - d.
1872)
State directors (Landesdirektoren)(appointed
by the Prussian government)
1 Jan 1868 -
1872
Julius Adalbert von
Flottwell (b. 1829 - d.
1909)
1872 -
1881
Karl Albert Friedrich Hugo von (b. 1833 -
d. 1912)
Sommerfeld
1881 -
1884
Jesko Franz Edwald von Puttkamer (b. 1841 - d.
1918)
1884 -
1886
Ernst von
Saldern
(b. 1843 - d. 1886)
Oct 1886 -
1907
Ernst Friedrich Johannes von
(b. 1839 - d. 1907)
Saldern
1907 -
1908
Leo Marquard Freiherr von Lützow (b. 1856 -
d. 1908)
1908 -
1914
Ernst Reinhold Gerhard von (b.
1861 - d. 1928)
Glasenapp
1914 - 1 Sep
1920 Karl
Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm (b. 1867 - d.
1940) Non-party
von Redern
Wallmoden-Gimborn
1154
Lordship of Wallmoden first
mentioned; ministerialis of Hildesheim.
1529
Partitioned into
Wallmoden-Heinde (Wallmoden Elder Line)(a fief of
fief of
Hildesheim) and Wallmoden-Alt-Wallmoden (Wallmoden
Younger
Line).
1683
Lordship of Gimborn and Neustadt (Reichsherrschaft
Gimborn
und Neustadt).
1782
Wallmoden-Heinde
acquires Gimborn and Neustadt.
17 Jan
1783
Wallmoden-Heinde renamed
Wallmoden-Gimborn and raised to a County
(Grafschaft
Wallmoden-Gimborn).
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Berg.
27 Apr
1811
Annexed to France;
part of département Lippe.
(see under Germany).
9 Jun
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Lords (title Reichsherr
von Gimborn und Neustadt)
1683 - 22 Oct
1703
Ferdinand Wilhelm Eusebius
(b. 1652 - d. 1703)
22 Oct 1703 - 11 Jun 1732 Adam Franz Karl
(b. 1680 - d. 1732)
11 Jun 1732 - 17 Feb 1782 Joseph Adam
Johann
(b. 1722 - d. 1782)
17 Feb 1782 - 17 Jan 1783 Johann I
Nepomuk
Anton
(b. 1742 - d. 1789)
Counts (title Reichsgraf
von Wallmoden-Gimborn)
17 Jan 1783 - 12 Jul 1806 Johann II Ludwig
Graf
von
(b. 1736 - d. 1811)
Wallmoden
Wartenberg
12th cent.
Lordship of Kolb von Wartenberg
1699
County of Wartenberg (Grafschaft Wartenberg).
1709
Acquired Mettenheim.
1794
Lands east of Rhine annexed
by France.
27 Apr 1803
Count is given the former Roth abbey (County of
Wartenberg-Roth
[Grafschaft
Wartenberg-Roth]).
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia;
Rot an der Rot is annexed
by Württemburg.
1814
Annexed to Prussia.
Counts (title Graf zu Wartenberg; from
1803 Graf zu Wartenberg-Roth)
1 Sep 1675 - 4 Apr 1730 Ferdinand
Marquard
(b. 1673 - d. 1730)
4 Apr 1730 - 8 May 1784 Freidrich
Karl
(b. 1725 - d. 1784)
8 May 1784 - 12 Jul 1806
Ludwig
(b. 1752 - d. 1818)
Weingarten
1056
Benedictine Abbey of Weingarten (Abtei
Weingarten).
1268
Abbots become Princes of the Empire, but
under Austrian protection.
1274
Imperial immediacy (Reichsabtei
Weingarten).
27 Apr 1803
Mediatized and given to the Prince of
Oranje-Nassau as
Lordship of Weingarten, part of Nassau-Orange-Fulda.
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Württemberg.
Prince-Abbots (title Fürstabt zu Weingarten)
20 Jun 1697 - 10 May 1730 Sebastian
Hyller
(b. 1667 - d. 1730)
13 May 1730 - 13 Nov 1738 Alfons II Jobst
(b. 1684 - d. 1738)
17 Nov 1738 - 9 Dec 1745 Placidus
Renz
(b. 1692 - d. 1748)
9 Dec 1745 - 6 Dec 1784
Dominikus II Schnitzer
(b. 1704 - d. 1784)
21 Dec 1784 - 27 Apr 1803 Anselm
Rittler
(b. 1737 - d. 1804)
Werden-Helmstädt
c.800
Benedictine Abbey of St Ludger in Helmstädt (Kloster
Sankt Ludgeri) founded (imperial immediacy
from 13th cent.).
809
Benedictine Abbey of Werden (Kloster Werden)
founded
(imperial immediacy from 877).
877
Abbots of Werden also Princess of the Empire.
1490
Helmstedt sold to
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
1802
Secularization.
27 Apr
1803
Annexed to Prussia.
1806
Annexed to Berg.
1808
Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
9 Jun 1815
Incorporated into Prussia.
Prince-Abbots of Werden and St Ludger in Helmstädt
(title Fürstabt von Werden und Helmstädt)
16 Mar 1671 - 14 Nov 1705 Ferdinand von
Erwitte
(b. 1628 - d. 1706)
14 Feb 1706 - 20 Dec 1718 Cölestin von
Geismar
(b. 1666 - d. 1718)
23 Apr 1719 - 4 Nov 1727 Theodor
Thier
(b. 1674 -
d. 1727)
11 Dec 1727 - 25 Mar 1728 Simon von
Bischopinck
(b. 1674 - d. 1728)
20 Jun 1728 - 29 Aug 1757 Benedikt von
Geismar
(b. 1680 - d. 1757)
20 Nov 1757 - 28 Oct 1774 Anselm von
Sonius
(b. 1708 - d. 1774)
5 Feb 1775 - 23 Mar 1780 Johann VI
Hellersberg
(b. 1716 - d. 1780)
7 May 1780 - 6 Mar 1798
Bernhard II Birnbaum
(b. 1730 - d. 1798)
6 May 1798 - 1802
Beda Cornelius Savels
(b. 1755 - d. 1828)
Werdenberg: see under Swiss Territories
Westphalia
|
![[Kingdom of
Westphalia 1807-1813]](de-kwfal.jpg "[Kingdom of
Westphalia 1807-1813]")
| Map
of Kingdom of Westphalia |
Capital: Cassel (Kassel) |
Constitution (7 Dec 1807-29 Oct 1813) |
Population: 2,065,970 (1812) |
| Departments |
28 Aug 1807 The Electorate of Hesse (Hesse-Cassel)(with Riteln and the
Schauenburg, not including the territory of Hanau and the
Katzenellenbogen on the Rhine); Halle; the former Bishopric and
city of Hildesheim; city of Goslar; Principality of Halberstadt;
County of Hohenstein; Quedlinburg abbey and city; County of
Mansfeld; Principality of Eichsfeld with Trefurth, Mulhausen,
Nordhausen; County of Stolberg-Wernigerode; Duchy of Brunswick-
Wolfenbüttel; the Principalities of Göttingen and Grubenhagen
(with the enclaves of Hohenstein and Elbingerode); the former
Bishopric of Osnabrück; the former Bishopric of Paderborn; Minden
and Ravensberg; Duchy of Magdeburg; and the County of Rietberg-
Kaunitz are taken by French Emperor Napoléon I to form the Kingdom
of Westphalia (Königreich Westphalen) for his brother Jérôme.
7 Dec 1807 Constitution (of 15 Nov 18707) promulgated, Westphalia is
sub-divided into départements (see below).
24 Jul 1809 - 6 Aug 1809 Invasion by Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick (taking Halle on
26 Jul, Quedlinburg 29 Jul, and Braunschweig 31 Jul 1809).
1 Mar 1810 Hanover (without Lauenburg) and remaining Prussian lands on the
left-bank of the Elbe River (primarily the Alt-Mark) annexed to
Westphalia.
13 Dec 1810 Annexation of Westphalia's coastal and northern départements
of Elbe-Inférieure, Nord, Weser, and part of Aller into France
(as part of the départements of Bouches-de-l'Elbe and Bouches-
du-Weser; and Weser is divided between the départements of
Bouches-du-Weser and Ems-Supérieur).
30 Sep 1813 - 7 Oct 1813 Allied (Russian) occupation of Cassel (Kassel) under Aleksandr
Ivanovich Chernychyov (Chernychev)(b. 1785 - d. 1857), who
declares the kingdom to be dissolved on 1 Oct 1813.
29 Oct 1813 Cassel (Kassel) re-occupied by the Allies, end of the kingdom.
21 Nov 1813 Elector Wilhelm I returns to Cassel.
22 Jan 1814 According to Electorate of Hesse ordinance of 4 Jan 1814, the civil
code of Kingdom of Westphalia is suspended and the Kurhessian
law of 1 Nov 1806 is restored.
King (title König von Westfalen/Roi
de Westphalie)
28 Aug 1807 - 7 Dec 1807 Regency
- Jacques
Claude, comte Beugnot (b. 1761 - d. 1828)
- Joseph Jérôme
Siméon
(b. 1749 - d. 1842)
- Joseph Lagrange
(b. 1763 - d. 1836)
- Jean-Baptiste Moïse Jollivet
(b. 1753 - d. 1818)
7 Dec 1807 - 29 Oct
1813 Hieronymus
Napoleon
(b. 1784 - d. 1860)
(= Jérôme Bonaparte)
(arrives 6 Dec 1807; fled 26 Oct 1813)
Allied Military City Commandants of Cassel (Stadtkommandant
von Kassel)
29 Oct 1813 - 7 Nov 1813 Guillaume
Emmanuel Guignard,
(b. 1776 - d. 1814)
vicomte de Saint-Priest (Russia)
7 Nov 1813 - 1813
Baron von Ratzen (Russia)
Chief ministers
7 Dec 1807 - 12 Oct 1813 Joseph
Jérôme
Siméon
(s.a.)
13 Oct 1813 - 29 Oct 1813 Gustav Anton Graf von
Wolffradt (b. 1762 - d. 1833)
Départements of Kingdom
of Westphalia 1808-1813
Prefects
1 Sep 1810 - Mar 1811
Georg Freiherr von
Scheele (b.
1771 - d. 1849)
1811 - 1813
Johann August
Wilhelm Frantz (b.
1769 - d. 1852)
Prefects
2 Jun 1808 - 8 May 1812 Philip Ernst
Alexander Graf von (b. 1762 - d. 1820)
der Schulenburg-Emden
11 May 1812 - 1814
Joseph Claude Anne Legras de
(b. 1761 - d. 1842)
Bercagny
Prefects
Jan 1808 - Jul
1808 August
Wilhelm Karl Graf von (b. 1752 - d.
1824)
Hardenberg
25 Jul 1808 - Jun 1812 Georg
Johann Gerhard August von (b. 1771 - d.
1847)
Reimann
Jul 1812 - May
1813 Friedrich
Freiherr von Reineck
May 1813 - fall 1813
Joseph Claude Marie Piautaz
(b. 1774 - d. 1825)
Prefects
Jan 1808 - 26 May 1809 Samuel
Gottfried Borsche (b.
1767 - d. 1821)
Jun 1809 - 19 Sep 1809 August
Heinrich Polycarp von
(b. 1783 - d. 1840)
Trott zu Solz
Sep 1809 - Aug 1813 Burchhard
Leberecht von Bülow (b. 1771 - d.
1816)
Aug 1813 - Nov 1813
August Heinrich Kuhlmeyer
(b. 1781 - d. 1865)
Prefects
10 Jan 1808 - 25 Oct 1808 Friedrich
Freiherr von Hövel (b. 1766 -
d. 1826)
Oct 1808 - Mar 1811 Johann
August Wilhelm Frantz
(s.a.)
1 Apr 1811 - 1813
Daniel Heinrich Delius
(b. 1773 - d. 1832)
1 Jan 1811 - 1813
Annexed to France
(part of département Bouches-de-l'Elbe).
Prefect
1 Sep 1810 - 31 Dec 1810 Detlef Barthold von
Schrader (b. 1738 -
d. 1830)
1 Jan 1811 - 1813
Annexed to France
(divided between département des Bouches
de l'Elbe and département des Bouches-du-Weser).
Prefect
1 Sep 1810 - 31 Dec 1810 Heinrich August
Meyer
(b. 1773 - d. 1836)
Prefects
6 Jan 1808 - 26 Apr 1812 Friedrich Christian
Ludwig (b. 1748 -
d. 1812)
Henneberg
May 1812 - 6 Nov 1813 Georg Johann
Gerhard August von (b. 1771 -
d. 1847)
Reimann
Prefects
Jan 1808 - 1813
Wilhelm Christian Gossler
(b. 1756 - d. 1835)
Prefects
1807 - Oct
1808
Georg Johann Gerhard August von (b. 1771 -
d. 1847)
Reimann
Oct 1808 - Aug 1809
Friedrich Ludwig von Berlepsch (b. 1749 -
d. 1818)
Sep 1809 - 1813
August Heinrich Polycarp von
(b. 1783 - d. 1840)
Trott zu Solz
1 Jan 1811 - 1813
Annexed to France
(part of département de l'Ems-Supérieur).
Prefects
Jan 1808 - 1809
Philipp Franz Wilhelm von Pestel (b. 1767 - d.
1835)
1809 - 31 Dec 1810 Daniel
Heinrich Delius
(s.a.)
Wickrath (Wykradt): see Quadt
Wied
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![[Wied 1462-1784
(Germany)]](weid.gif "[Wied 1462-1784 (Germany)]")
![[Wied-Neuwied
1784-1806 (Germany)]](wied2.gif "[Wied-Neuwied
1784-1806 (Germany)]")
1093
County of Wied (Grafschaft Wied).
1244 – 1462
Comital line extinct, half passes to
Isenburg as Wied-Isenburg
and half to Eppstein whose share is sold to Counts of
Virneburg.
1462
Isenburg-Wied extinct,
inherited by Dietrich IV von Runkel,
and Wied restored.
1631
Partitioned to create
Wied-Dierdorf.
3 May 1698
Partitioned into Wied-Neuwied
(Grafschaft Wied-Neuwied)
and
Wied-Runkel.
1709
Wied-Dierdorf inherited by
Wied-Neuwied.
29 May
1784
Principality of Wied-Neuwied (Fürstentum Wied).
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Hesse-Darmstadt.
31 May
1815
Annexed to Prussia
(part of Niederrhein province).
Counts (title Graf zu Wied)
3 May 1698 - 17 Sep 1737 Friedrich
Wilhelm
(b. 1684 - d. 1737)
17 Sep 1737 - 29 May 1784 Johann Friedrich
Alexander (b. 1706
- d. 1791)
Princes (title Fürst zu Wied)
29 May 1784 - 7 Aug 1791 Johann Friedrich
Alexander (s.a.)
7 Aug 1791 - 1 Mar 1802 Friedrich
Karl
(b. 1741 - d. 1809)
(fled to Saxony, later to Frankfurt 1793-1797)
1 Mar 1802 - 12 Jul 1806 Johann August
Karl
(b. 1779 - d. 1836)
![[Principality of Wied-Runkel to
1806 (Germany)]](weid3.gif "[Principality of Wied-Runkel to
1806 (Germany)]")
3 May 1698
Wied-Runkel
(Grafschaft Wied-Runkel) partitioned from
the County of Wied.
1726 -
1793
County of Kriechingen (Grafschaft Kriechingen/comté
de
Créhange) passed to the Counts of Wied-Runkel.
29 May 1791
Principality of Wied-Runkel (Fürstentum
Wied-Runkel).
12 Jul
1806
Runkel annexed by Berg and part to
Hesse-Darmstadt.
31 May
1815
Runkel annexed to Prussia
(part of Niederrhein province).
Counts (title Graf zu Wied)
3 May 1698 - 19 Dec 1706 Maximilian Heinrich
(b. 1681 - d. 1706)
19 Dec 1706 - 18 May 1762 Johann Ludwig
Adolf
(b. 1705 - d. 1762)
18 May 1762 - 29 May 1791 Christian
Ludwig
(b. 1732 - d. 1791)
Princes (title Fürst zu Wied,
Herr zu Runkel)
29 May 1791 - 31 Oct 1791 Christian Ludwig
(s.a.)
31 Oct 1791 - 12 Jul 1806 Karl Ludwig
Friedrich Alexander (b. 1763 - d.
1824)
Wismar
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|
|
![[Wismar 4-striped
flag before 1700 (Mecklenburg-Hither
Pomerania, Germany)]](de-w17.gif "[Wismar 4-striped
flag before 1700 (Mecklenburg-Hither
Pomerania, Germany)]")
![[Wismar
6-striped flag after 1700 (Mecklenburg-Hither
Pomerania, Germany)]](de_wism1.gif "[Wismar 6-striped
flag after 1700 (Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania,
Germany)]")
1229
Wismar received its civic rights in Mecklenburg.
1356 - 15th cent.
Wismar a member of Hanseatic League.
12 Jan
1632
Occupied by Sweden.
24 Oct
1648
Swedish possession confirmed by the Treaty of Westphalia
as
City and Lordship of Wismar (Stadt und
Herrschaft Wismar).
14 Dec 1675 - 23 Nov 1680 Danish
occupation.
20 Apr 1716 - 1 Mar 1721
Occupied by Denmark, Hanover and Prussia.
14 Apr
1802
Swedish king orders tribunal in Wismar to move to
Stralsund
(effected 6 Dec 1802), then 5 Sep 1803 to Greifswald.
26 Jun
1803
Mortgaged to Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
under a 100 year lease under
Swedish sovereignty by the Treaty of Malmö.
19 Aug 1803
Wismar handed over to
Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
4 Aug
1903
Sweden renounces all rights to Wismar.
22 Aug 1903
Definitive incorporation into
Mecklenburg-Schwerin/Germany.
Lords
24 Oct 1648 - 19 Aug 1803 the
kings of Sweden
Swedish Commandants
12 Jan 1632 -
1633
Erik Eriksson
Ryning
(b. 1592 - d. 1654)
1633
Wilhelm von Calcheim gen. Lohausen (b. 1584 - d.
1640)
1633
Bilefelt (Bilefeld)
1633 - 1635
Wilhelm von Saltzburg (Salzburg)
1635 - 15 Feb
1641 Jon
Pedersson Lilliesparre
af (b. 1595 -
d. 1641)
Fylleskog
15 Feb 1641 - 1652?
Erik Hansson Ulfsparre af
Borxvik (b. 1599 - d. 1652)
(acting to 30 Aug 1641)
Mar 1652 - May
1653 Joachim
von Volckmann (1st time) (b. 1608 -
d. 1662)
May 1653 -
1654
Göran (Jürgen) Paijkull
(b. 1605 - d. 1657)
1654 - 1656
Joachim von Volckmann (2nd time) (s.a.)
1656
Thomas?
Jerfeldt (acting)
1656 -
1657
Berndt Taube (acting)
(b. 1592 - d. 1666)
Swedish governors
6 Feb 1657 - 23 Nov 1661 Konrad von
Mardefelt (Marderfelt)
(b. c.1610 - d. 1688)
(1st time)
1661 - 1663
....
1663 -
1664
Antonius von Steinberg
(d. 1675)
17 Sep 1664 -
1668
Konrad von Mardefelt (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1668 - Aug
1674
Vacant?
4 Aug 1674 - Dec
1675 Karl Gustaf Wrangel
af Salmis (b. 1613 -
d. 1676)
Danish governors
14 Dec 1675 - 16 Dec 1675 Carl
von
Arensdorf
(b. 1625 - d. 1676)
16 Dec 1675 - 1677
Hans Walter
(b. 1618 - d. 1677)
19 Jan 1677 - Jun 1679
Johan Vogt
14 Jun 1679 -
1679
Johan Anton Elnberger
(b. 1637 - d. 1695)
Swedish governors
1679 - 30 Jul
1680 Otto
Johan Grotthuss (Grothusen)
(b. 1655 - d. 1697)
(1st time)
30 Jul 1680 - Apr
1681 Anders Planting-Berloo
(b.
1619 - d. 1682)
8 Apr 1681 -
1683 Berndt Kristian
Wrangelin
(d. 1686)
(acting to 27 May 1681)
25 May 1683 - 1690
Otto Johan Grotthuss
(2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Feb 1690 - 3 Jun
1693 Friedrich von Buchwaldt (Buchwald)
(b. 1628 - d. 1693)
13 Jun 1693 -
1696
Jürgen, greve
Mellin
(b. 1633 - d. 1713)
20 Aug 1696 -
1698
Nils Carlsson, greve Gyllenstierna (b.
1648 - d. 1720)
af Fogelvik
14 Jul 1698 - 25 Apr 1701
Bernhard von Lieven (Liewen)
(b. 1651 - d.
1703)
25 Apr 1701 - 1704
Magnus Palmquist (acting)
(b. 1660 - d. 1729)
9 Jan 1704 -
1709 Hans Isak Ridderhielm
(b. 16.. - d. 1709)
1709 -
1710
Nils Posse (acting)
(b. 1660 - d. 1723)
19 Mar 1710 - Aug
1710 Mauritz, greve
Vellingk
(b. 1651 - d. 1727)
30 Aug 1710 - Feb
1712 Hans Reinhold Johan von
Fersen
(b. 1683 - d. 1736)
1712 - 1712
Ernst Detlof Krassow
(acting) (b. 1660 - d. 1714)
13 May 1713 -
1714 Gustaf Adam
Taube af Kudding
(b. 1673 - d. 1732)
1714 - 1716
Martin Schoultz von
Ascheraden (b. 1660
- d. 1730)
(acting to 5 Jun 1716)
Danish commandant
20 Apr 1716 - 1718
Mogens Krag
(b. 1673 - d. 1724)
Hanoverian Oberlanddrost
1718 - 1 Mar 1721
Joachim Friedrich von
der Lühe (b. 1675 -
d. 1742)
Swedish Oberlandeshauptmänner
(from 1736, Överadjutanten)
11 Dec 1720 - 1723 Johan Karl Karlsson
Strömfelt (b.
1678 - d. 1836)
1723 -
1724
Carl Magnus Schmidt von Wulfschmidt (b. 1659? - d.
1742)
1724 - 2 Oct 1736
Johann Svanfelt
(b. 1681 - d. 1736)
c.1736
Erasmus
Heinrich Schneider von (b.
1688 - d. 1749)
Weismantel (Weissmantel)
1736 - 1762
....
c.1740
Johann Georg von Schwartzer
(b. 1688 - d. 1741)
1762 - 18 Dec 1771
Johan von Böhnen
(b. 1726 - d. 1775)
21 Jun 1773 - 21 Jun
1803 Karl Ludvig von Hintzenstern
(b. 1736 - d. 1811)
Presidents of the Tribunal
(in Wismar)
(Präsidenten dee Oberappellationsgericht
für die Schwedischen Lehen im
Heiligen Römischen Reich Deutscher Nation)
11 Sep 1652 - 1655
Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
(b. 1623 - d. 1707)
(1st time)
1655 - 5 Dec 1657
Johan Axelsson Oxenstierna
(b. 1611 - d.
1657)
c.1659
Christoph Karl von Schlippenbach
(b. 1624 - d. 1660)
1660
Bengt Gabrielsson
Oxenstierna (s.a.)
(2nd time)(did not take office)
1660 - 1663
Johan Gyllenstierna (acting)
(b. 1635 - d. 1680)
1663
Bengt Skytte (did not take
office) (b. 1614 - d. 1683)
1663 - 1664
Axel Sparre (1st time)
(b. 1620 - d. 1679)
(did not take office)
4 Nov
1665 - 1673
Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1673
Axel Sparre (2nd time)
(s.a.)
20 Dec 1673 -
1679
Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
(s.a.)
(4th time)
15 Jul 1680 - 1683
Edvard Ehrensteen
(b. 1620 - d.
1686)
(did not take office)
1680 - 1683
Joakim Rüdiger von Owstien (Owstin)
(b. 1634 - d. 1698)
(acting)
1683 - 17 Nov 1685
Anders
Lilliehöök
(b. 1636 - d. 1685)
1686 - 3 Sep
1710 Johan
Scheringsson Rosenhane (b.
1642 - d. 1710)
1710 -
1719
Gustaf Faltzburg
(b. 1650 - d. 1719)
1719 - 1722
Cordt Balthasar von Tessin
(acting) (b. 1652 - d. 1726)
4 Jan 1721 - 19 Mar
1721 Ludvig Fahlström
(b. 1655 - d. 1721)
(did not take office)
1722 -
1727
Fredrik Kristoffer Dohna
(b. 1664 - d. 1727)
1727 - 26 Sep
1732
Johan Lillienstedt
(b. 1655 - d. 1732)
1733 - Jun 1763
Moritz Ulrik von Putbus
(b. 1699 - d. 1769)
(also styled governor)
Jun 1763 -
1769
Jakob Filip von Schwerin
(b. 1719 - d. 1779)
(also styled governor)
1769 - 7 Mar
1782
Karl Otto von
Höpken
(b. 1715 - d. 1782)
1782 -
1799
Ture Leonhard Klinckowström
(b. 1735 - d.
1821)
7 Oct 1799 - 19
Nov 1802 Nils Anton August Bark (Barck)
(b. 1760 - d. 1822)
(also styled governor)
Wittem: see under Netherlands provinces
Wittgenstein: see Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg
Worms
346
Diocese first
mentioned.
614
Bishopric of Worms (Hochstift Worms)
861
Imperial immediacy.
1499 -
1509
The clergy moved from the city to nearby Neuhausen in
the Electoral
Palatinate.
1793
Left bank territories
occupied by France.
9 Mar
1801
Territories east of the Rhine annexed to France.
27 Apr
1803
Remaining territories west of the Rhine annexed
to Hesse-Darmstadt.
10 Jun
1815
Former French areas annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Worms)
8 Jun 1694 - 18 Apr 1732
Franz Ludwig Pfalzgraf am Rhein
(b. 1664 - d. 1732)
zu
Neuburg
17 Jun 1732 - 18 Jan 1756 Franz
Georg Graf von Schönborn (b. 1682
- d. 1756)
18 Jan 1756 - 4 Jun 1763
Johann Friedrich Karl Graf von (b. 1689 -
d. 1763)
Ostein
20 Jul 1763 - 12 Jan 1768 Johann
Philipp Graf von Waldendorff(b. 1701 - d. 1768)
1 Mar 1768 - 11 Jul 1774
Emmerich Joseph Freiherr von
(b. 1707 - d. 1774)
Breidbach zu Bürresheim
26 Jul 1774 - 4 Jul 1802
Friedrich Karl Joseph Freiherr von (b. 1719 - d. 1802)
Erthal
25 Jul 1802 - 27 Apr 1803 Karl
Theodor Freiherr von Dalberg (b. 1744 -
d. 1817)
Worms Free City
|
![[Flag of
Worms Free City to 1798 (Germany)]](de-rp_wo15c.gif "[Flag of Worms Free City to 1798
(Germany)]")
c.614
City is administered by the Bishopric of Worms.
7..
Name "Wormatia" is documented in Latin.
8 Jan
1074
King Heinrich IV grants the residents of Worms ("Iudei
et coeteri
Wormatienses") exemption from duty at the royal
customs offices in
Frankfurt, Boppard, Hammerstein, Dortmund, Goslar and
Engers for
their
loyalty.
16 Oct 1112
Emperor Heinrich V confirms the customs privileges
granted by his
father
and releases the citizens of Worms from annual guard
fee.
On 30
Nov 1114 he grants free right
of inheritance for everyone
who lives in the city.
1220
For the first
time two mayors (Bürgermeister) are mentioned,
but
they
could not attain any outstanding importance.
27 Feb
1233
The first "Rachtung" between the Bishop and the
citizens of Worms
(and in 10 Nov 1292, 15 May 1300, 25 Jan 1366, 25 Jun
1386, 9 Jul
1407, 3
Sep 1424, 9 Jun 1509, 17 Jun 1519, 6 Dec 1522, 3 May
1525,
and 18
Apr 1526).
1273
King Rudolf I recognizes the
city's freedom, it comes with the
formation of a city court. The joint heads are the
episcopal
Schultheiss
and the burggrave Stadtgreve.
10 Nov
1293
Future Bishop Eberhard confirms the rights and freedoms
of the
citizens of Worms presented to him in the interest of
maintaining
the city peace. The council becomes the sole
decision-making body.
5 May 1394
King Wenzel grants another extensive
jurisdiction privilege in favor
of the
citizens of Worms.
27 Jul
1414
King Sigmund confirms the freedoms (Freiheiten)
of Worms.
24 Oct 1429
Peace treaty between Archbishop
Konrad of Mainz, Count Palatine
Ludwig and the cities of Worms and Speier.
23 Dec
1435
The Council of Basel confirms the city of Worms is free
(der Stadt
Worms ihre Freiheiten). Confirmed by King
Friedrich III on 17 Jul
1442 at
Frankfurt and again 1 May 1455.
24 Dec
1488
The city receives from Emperor Friedrich III new
privileges that
strengthen their position vis-à-vis the bishop. The
mayor, council
and municipality are allowed to set their own "rules and
regulations."
15 Aug 1499
Worms town charter is publicly proclaimed.
1505
The city denies the Bishop
the right to appoint Bürgermeister
(mayor) and councilors. It changes the number of
council members
and appoints a Schultheiss for
life.
28 Jan 1521 - 25 May 1521 Diet of Worms (Reichstag
zu Worm) of 1521 meets. The Emperor Karl V
issues
the Edict of Worms, which condemned Martin Luther as "a
notorious heretic" and banned citizens of the Empire
from
propagating his ideas.
6 Dec 1522
By the "Rachtung" of 1522, the
city is to be led by two councils,
the Dreizehner-Rat (Council of Thirteen) and
the Gemeiner Rat
(Common Council), which were under the
direction of the
Stättmeister (City master)(implemented
18 Apr 1526).
1525
Worms becomes Protestant.
31 May 1689 - Jun 1689
Worms sacked and burned by France
during the War of the League of
Augsburg.
1689 - 19 Dec 1697
The city
council goes into exile in Frankfurt.
5 Oct 1792 - 31 Mar 1793 Occupied by
France
19 Nov 1792 - 31
Mar 1793 Part of the
"Republic" of Mainz.
30
Mar
1793
City is annexed to France.
31 Mar 1793 - 4 Jan
1794 Occupied by Prussia.
4 Jan 1794 - 29 Oct 1795 Occupied by
France.
17 Oct
1797
Ceded to France by the Treaty of Campo Formio (from
4 Nov 1797).
17 Jan
1798
France terminates the free imperial city
administration.
1 Jan 1814
Allied occupation.
2 Feb 1814 - 15 Jun 1814 Part of
Government-General of Middle Rhine (Mittelrhein)(see
Trier).
15 Jun 1814 - 30 May 1816 Area of Worms under
joint Austro-Bavarian administration (seat
in Kreuznach, from May 1815 in Worms)(see under
Palatine).
1 Jun 1816 - 7 Jul 1816 Ceded to
Prussia.
7 Jul 1816
Part of Hesse-Darmstadt
(by treaty of 30 Jun 1816 with Prussia)
(part of Rheinhessen province).
Note: From 1526, highest official
was the Stättmeister, who
carried out the official business.
Stättmeister
1690 - 1691
Johann Friedrich
Seidenbender (b. 1650 - d. 1712)
(1st time)
1691 - 1692
Johann Georg Meckel (1st time)
(b. 1644 - d. 1721)
1692 - 1695
....
1695 - 1696
Georg Heim
1696 - 1697
Johann
Georg Meckel (2nd time) (s.a.)
(in exile with the Council in Frankfurt)
1696 - 1697
Johann Hartmann Plappert (in Worms)
1697 - 1698
Johann Friedrich
Seidenbender (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1698 -
1699
....
1699 - 1700
Johann Philipp Wissmann (1st time)
(b. 1658? - d. 1708)
1700 -
1702
....
1702 - 1703
Johann Georg Meckel (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1704 - 1705
Johann Philipp Wissmann (2nd time) (s.a.)
1705 -
1708
....
170.
... Melchior
1708 - 25 Aug 1708
Johann
Philipp Wissmann (3rd time) (s.a.)
25 Aug 1708 - 1709 ....
1709 - 1710
Johann Franz Knode (1st
time) (b. 1669 - d.
1731)
1710 - 1714
....
1713 - 1714
Georg Wilhelm Benedikt
(b. 1648 - d. 1719)
1716 - 1716/17
Johann Franz Knode (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1716/17
Georg Christoph Hofmann
1717/18
Johann Georg Meckel (4th time)
(s.a.)
1717/18 -
1720
....
1720 - 1721
Johann Ambrosius Lautz
(b. 1669 - d. 1721)
1721 - 1726
....
1726 - 1727
Johann Franz Knode (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1727 - 1728
....
1728 - 1729
Elias Christoph Weise? (1st time)
1729 -
1731
....
1731 - 1732
Elias Christoph Weise (2nd time)
c.1732 - c.1733
... Bamberger
c.1732 - c.1734
....
c.1734 - c.1735
Heinrich Otto Augustin
c.1735 -
1739
....
1739 - 1740
Johannes
Geyer
(b. 1674 - d. 1756)
1740 - 1741
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (1st time) (d.
1772)
1741 - 1743
....
1743 - 1744
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (2nd time) (s.a.)
1744 -
1747
....
1747 - 1748
Elias Christoph Weise (3rd time)
1748 - 1749
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (3rd time) (s.a.)
1749 -
1750
....
1750 - 1751
Johann Hartmann Baumann (1st time) (d. 1759)
1751 - 1751
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (4th time)
(s.a.)
1751 - 1754
....
1754 - 1755
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (5th time) (s.a.)
1755 - 1756
Johann Hartmann Baumann (2nd time) (s.a.)
1756 - 1757
Johann Friedrich Moritz
(b. 1716 - d. 1771)
1757 - 1758
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (6th time) (s.a.)
1758 - c.1760
....
c.1760
Abraham Nagel
1761 - 1762
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (7th time) (s.a.)
1762 -
1764
....
1764 - 1765
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (8th time)
(s.a.)
1765 - 1767
....
1767 - 1768
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (9th time) (s.a.)
1768 - 1770
....
1770 - 1771
Friedrich Erasmus Gabler (10th time)(s.a.)
1771 -
1772
....
1772 - 1773
Georg Friedrich Meixner
(b. 1702 - d. 1782)
1773 - 1778
....
1778 - 1779
Philipp Christian Hofmann (1st time)(b.
1715 - d. 1796)
1779 - 1781
....
1781 - 1782
Philipp Christian Hofmann (2nd time)(s.a.)
1782 -
1792
....
1792 - 1793
Heinrich Philipp Augustin
1793 - 1794
Georg Friedrich
Schuler
(b. 1721 - d. 1799)
1794 -
1798
....
French Provisional Mayors of the Municipality (Maire
der provisorischen Munizipalität)
19 Nov 1792 - 30 Mar 1793 Konrad von
Winkelmann
(b. 1749 - d. 1823)
31 Mar 1793 - 19 Feb 1795 the free city
(restored)
19 Feb 1795 - 29 Oct 1795 Daniel Friedrich Kremer
(Kraemer)
(1st
time)
29 Oct 1795 - 17 Jan 1798 the
free city (restored)
17 Jan 1798 - 26 Jan 1798 Daniel
Friedrich Kremer (Kraemer)
(2nd time)
President of the Municipal Administration (Präsident
der Munizipalverwaltung)
26 Jan 1798 - 1 Dec 1800 Johann Sebastian
Bruch
(b. 1759 - d. 1828)
(confirmed 13 Mar 1798)
Württemberg
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|
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![[Württemberg
merchant flag 18th cent - c.1805 (Germany)]](de_wurcent.gif "[Württemberg merchant flag 18th cent -
c.1805 (Germany)]")
![[Württemberg Civil flag
c.1805-1817 (Germany)]](de-bawu1.gif "[Württemberg Civil flag c.1805-1817
(Germany)]")
![[Württemberg
Flag 1817-1918 (Germany)]](de-wu-l.gif "[Württemberg
Flag 1817-1918 (Germany)]")
| Map of Württemburg | Hear National Anthem "Heil unserm König, Heil!" (Hail our King, Hail!) |
Text
of National Anthem (1818?-1918) |
|
|
(25 Sep 1819; in German) |
|
c.1083
Lordship (style Herrschaft Württemberg).
1135
County of Württemberg (Grafschaft
Württemberg).
14 Feb 1444 - 28 Aug 1593
Mömpelgard
under Württemberg.
21 Jul
1495
Duchy of Württemberg (Herzogtum Württemberg).
15 Oct 1519 - 6 Feb 1520
Incorporated into Swabian League (Schwäbischer
Bund).
25 Mar 1723 - 11 Nov
1793 Mömpelgard restored to Württemberg.
29 Apr
1803
The ruler is made into a prince-elector and the polity
is
styled Electorate of Württemberg (Kurfürstentum
Württemberg).
1 Jan
1806
Kingdom of Württemberg (Königreich
Württemberg).
30 Nov
1918
People's State of Württemberg (Volksstaat Württemberg)
(see German states
since 1918).
Dukes (title Herzog von Württemberg und Teck)
3 Jul 1677 - 31 Oct 1733
Eberhard
Ludwig
(b. 1676 - d. 1733)
3 Jul 1677 -
1693
Friedrich Karl zu Winnental -Regent(b.
1652 - d. 1698)
31 Oct 1733 - 12 Mar 1737 Karl
Alexander
(b. 1684 - d. 1737)
12 Mar 1737 - 24 Oct 1793 Karl
Eugen
(b. 1728 - d. 1793)
3 Mar 1737 -
1738
Karl Rudolf Herzog von Württemberg (b. 1667 - d. 1742)
-Neustadt -Regent
1738 -
1744
Karl Friedrich Herzog
von
(b. 1690 - d. 1761)
Oels -Regent
24 Oct 1793 - 20 May 1795 Ludwig
Eugen
(b. 1731 - d. 1795)
20 May 1795-22/23Dec 1797 Friedrich
Eugen
(b. 1732 - d. 1797)
23 Dec 1797 - 29 Apr 1803 Friedrich
II
(b. 1754 - d. 1816)
Duke and Elector (title Herzog von
Württemberg und Teck, Erzpannerträger und Kurfürst
des Heiligen Römischen Reiches - Duke
of Württemberg and Teck, Archbannerbearer and
Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire)
29 Apr 1803 - 1 Jan 1806 Friedrich
II
(s.a.)
Kings (title König von Württemberg)
1 Jan 1806 - 30 Oct 1816
Friedrich
I
(s.a.)
30 Oct 1816 - 25 Jun 1864 Wilhelm
I
(b. 1781 - d. 1864)
25 Jun 1864 - 6 Oct 1891 Karl
I
(b. 1823 - d. 1891)
6 Oct 1891 - 30 Nov 1918
Wilhelm
II
(b. 1848 - d. 1921)
Chairmen of the Privy Council
1654 - 1666
Wolfgang Georg von
Castell (b. 1610 - d. 1668)
1667 - 1677
Christoph von Manteuffel zu
(b. 1622 - d. 1688)
Arnhausen
1677 - 1693
....
16.. - c.1684
Heinrich Freidrich von
Forstner- (b. 1641 - d. 1687)
Dambenoy
c.1684
Berthold von
Bülow
(b. 1636 - d. 1690)
1693 - 1696
Joachim Rüdiger von Ostien
(b. 1634 - d. 1698)
(Owstien)
1696 - 2 Sep 1698
Johann Georg von Kulpis
(b. 1652 - d. 1698)
1698 - 1706
Johann Friedrich Freiherr von
(b. 1653 - d. 1730)
Staffhorst
1706 - 1708
Friedrich Maximilian von
(b. 1635 - d. 1708)
Mentzingen
1709 - 1717
Georg Wilhelm von Reischach
(b. 1673 - d. 1724)
1717 -
1730
Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von
(b. 1679 - d. 1755)
Graevenitz
Nov 1730 - May
1735 Christoph
Peter Freiherr von (b.
1675 - d. 1755)
Forstner (1st time)
1736 -
1737
Johann Theodor Scheffler
1 Feb 1737 - Mar
1738 Christoph Peter Freiherr
von (s.a.)
Forstner (2nd time)
1739 - 1742
Georg Bernard
Bilfinger (b.
1693 - d. 1750)
1742 - 24 Jun 1755
Friedrich August von Hardenberg
(b. 1701 - d. 1768)
1755 - 1758
Duke Karl Eugen
(s.a.)
1758 - 19 May 1763
Ferdinand Reinhard Wolfgang
(b. 1701 - d. 1770)
Freiherr von Wallbrunn
State Ministers
1763 - 1766
Friedrich Samuel Graf von
(b. 1712 - d. 1778)
Montmartin
(from c.1760, kabinettsminister)
1766 - 1777
Duke Karl Eugen
(s.a.)
1777 - 21 Aug 1799
Friedrich Emich Johann von Uxküll- (b. 1724 -
d. 1810)
Gyllenband
- jointly
with -
1777 - Aug 1792
Eberhard von Kniestedt
(b. 1725 - d. 1794)
1799 -
1801
Johann Karl Graf von
Zeppelin (b. 1767 - d.
1801)
28 Oct 1801 - 9 Jan 1804
Georg Ernst Levin Graf
von (b.
1752 - d. 1834)
Wintzingerode
First Ministers
9 Jan 1804 - 4 Dec
1807 Georg Ernst Levin Graf
von
(s.a.)
Wintzingerode (1st time)
4 Dec 1807 - 12 Feb 1812
Karl August Ludwig Graf von Taube (b. 1772 - d.
1816)
12 Feb 1812 - 7 Aug 1814
Ferdinand Ludwig Graf von Zeppelin (s.a.)
(1st time)
7 Aug 1814 - 10 Nov 1816
Georg Ernst Levin Graf
von
(s.a.)
Wintzingerode (2nd time)
10 Nov 1816 - 1819
Ferdinand Ludwig Graf von Zeppelin (s.a.)
(2nd time)
President of the Privy Council
18 Nov 1817 - 29 Jul 1821 Hans
Otto Freiherr von der Lühe (b.
1761 - d. 1836)
Minister-presidents
29 Jul 1821 - 15 Nov 1831
Christian Friedrich von
Otto (b. 1758 - d.
1836)
15 Nov 1831 - 9 Mar 1848
Paul Friedrich Theodor
Eugen (b. 1783 - d.
1859)
Reichsfreiherr von Maucler
9 Mar 1848 - 28 Oct 1849
Friedrich von
Römer
(b. 1794 - d. 1864)
28 Oct 1849 - 2 Jul 1850
Johannes von
Schlayer
(b. 1792 - d. 1860)
2 Jul 1850 - 21 Sep 1864
Joseph Freiherr von
Linden
(b. 1804 - d. 1895)
21 Sep 1864 - 31 Aug 1870 Karl
Friedrich Gottlob Freiherr (b. 1809 -
d. 1889)
von Varnbüler von und zu Hemmingen
31 Aug 1870 - 9 Jan 1871
Adolf Graf von Taube
(acting) (b. 1810 - d.
1899)
9 Jan 1871 - 31 Jul 1876
Johann August Freiherr von Wächter (b. 1807 - d. 1879)
31 Jul 1876 - 10 Nov 1900
Hermann von
Mittnacht
(b. 1825 - d. 1909)
(from 1887, Hermann Freiherr von Mittnacht)
10 Nov 1900 - 15 Apr 1901 Max
Freiherr Schott
von
(b. 1836 - d. 1917)
Schottenstein
15 Apr 1901 - 4 Dec 1906
Wilhelm August von
Breitling (b. 1835 -
d. 1914)
4 Dec 1906 - 9 Nov
1918 Karl von Weizsäcker
(b. 1853 - d.
1926) DP-W
(from 5 Oct 1916, Karl Freiherr von
Weizsäcker)
9 Nov 1918 - 11 Nov 1918
Theodor
Liesching
(b. 1865 - d. 1922) FVP
Party abbreviations: DP-W
= Deutsche Partei-Württemberg (German
Party-Württemberg, liberal,
Württemberg nationalist, from 1908 named
Nationalliberale Partei – Deutsche Partei in Württemberg
[National Liberal Party-German Party in Württemberg],
1866-7 Dec 1918, merged into DDP); FVP
= Fortschrittlichen Volkspartei (Progressive
People's Party, left-liberal, 6 Mar 1910-7 Dec 1918,
merged into DDP)
Würzburg
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![[Würzburg
bishopric to 1802 (Germany)]](de-wz803.gif "[Würzburg
bishopric to 1802 (Germany)]")
![Grand Duchy of
Würzburg 1806-1814 (Germany)]](de-wb806.gif "[Grand
Duchy of Würzburg 1806-1814 (Germany)]")
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230,000 (1790) |
741
Bishopric of Würzburg (Hochstift Würzburg)
founded.
10 Jul
1168
Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa confirmed Bishops of
Würzburg in his
ducal
rights to Eastern Franconia (ducatus Franciae
orientalis),
Bishops also Princes of the Empire (Fürstbistum
Würzburg).
1354
Acquires the Burgraviate of Würzburg (Herzog in
Franken).
1441
Prince-Bishops styled "Dukes
in Franconia."
16 Jul 1631 - 6 Sep 1634 Occupied by Sweden.
20 Jun 1633 - 6 Sep 1634 Duke Bernhard von
Sachsen-Weimar (b. 1604 - d. 1639) was enfeoffed
by Sweden with a renewed Duchy of Franconia (Herzogtum
Franken).
24 Aug
1802
Bishopric was secularized.
29 Nov 1802 - 26 Dec 1805 Annexed to Bavaria.
26 Dec
1805
Electorate of Würzburg (Kurfürstentum
Würzburg), former Bishopric
of
Würzburg given to the Elector of Salzburg in exchange
for Salzburg.
26 Sep
1806
Grand Duchy of Würzburg (Grossherzogtum
Würzburg).
1 May
1814
Incorporated into Bavaria.
Prince-Bishops, Dukes (title Reichsfürst und
Bischof zu Würzburg, Herzog zu Ostfranken)
9 Feb 1699 - 3 Aug
1719 Johann Philipp II Freiherr von
(b. 1652 - d. 1719)
Greifenclau zu Vollraths
18 Sep 1719 - 18 Aug 1724 Johann Philipp
III Franz Graf
(b. 1673 - d. 1724)
von Schönborn
2 Oct 1724 - 25 Mar 1729
Christoph Franz Freiherr von
(b. 1673 - d. 1729)
Hutten
18 May 1729 - 26 Jul 1746 Friedrich Karl
Graf
von
(b. 1674 - d. 1746)
Schönborn
29 Aug 1746 - 9 Feb 1749 Anselm
Franz Graf von Ingelheim (b. 1683 - d.
1749)
14 Apr 1749 - 25 Nov 1754 Karl Philipp
Freiherr von (b. 1690
- d. 1754)
Greifenclau zu Vollraths
7 Jan 1755 - 18 Feb 1779
Adam Friedrich Graf von Seinsheim (b. 1708 - d.
1779)
18 Mar 1779 - 14 Feb 1795 Franz Ludwig
Freiherr von Erthal (b. 1730 - d. 1795)
12 Mar 1795 - 29 Nov 1802 Georg Karl
Ignaz Freiherr von
Fechenbach zu Laudenbach
(b. 1749 - d. 1808)
Elector (title Kurfürst von Würzburg)
26 Dec 1805 - 25 Sep 1806 Ferdinand
Joseph Johann Baptist
von
Österreich
(b. 1769 - d. 1824)
Grand Duke (title Grossherzog von
Würzburg)
25 Sep 1806 - 1 May 1814 Ferdinand
Joseph Johann Baptist
von
Österreich
(s.a.)
Zeeland: see under Netherlands provinces
Zug: see under Swiss Cantons
Zürich: see under Swiss Cantons
Zweibrücken: see Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Zwiefalten
1089
Benedictine Abbey of Zwiefalten (Stift
Zwiefalten).
1250 - 1265
To Fürstenberg
1265
To Württemberg.
Apr?
1750
Becomes an Imperial abbey (Reichsstft).
23 Feb 1803
Secularized and annexed to Württemberg.
Abbots (title Äbt zu Zwiefalten)
30 Apr 1699 - 2 Apr 1715 Wolfgang
Schmid
(b. 1655 - d. 1715)
27 Apr 1715 - 19 Mar 1725 Beda
Sommerberger von Constanz (b. 1680 - d.
1725)
27 Sep 1725 - 9 Apr 1744 Augustin
Stegmüller
(b. 1666 - d. 1744)
21 Apr 1744 - Apr? 1750
Benedikt Mauz
(b. 1690 - d. 1765)
Abbots (title Reichsabt zu Zwiefalten)
Apr? 1750 - 18 Jul 1765 Benedikt
Mauz
(s.a.)
29 Jul 1765 - 12 Feb 1787 Nicolaus II
Schmidler von Waldsee (b. 1723 - d. 1787)
23 Feb 1787 - 23 Feb 1803 Gregor Weinemer
(b. 1738 - d. 1816)
© Ben Cahoon