German States before 1918 F-M
- Note: The list below is only
complete for those polities that survived beyond 1806.
Within
- the Holy Roman Empire, there existed
countless minor states (ecclesiastical states,
imperial
- cities, imperial villages, lordships,
counties, baronies, principalities, etc.), which
- are nearly impossible to list with
even partial accuracy. A major reorganization was
- brought about by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
of 1803, when more than 100 polities were
- abolished. Polities listed prior to
1806 are a sample of the major or most well known
- polities of the Holy Roman Empire and
the Confederation of the Rhine. After 1806, all the
- polities that survived the Napoleonic
Wars and the Congress of Vienna are listed.
- The Golden Bull 25 Dec 1356
codified the procedure for electing the king and
specified the (then) seven princes, called electors (Kurfürsten),
who would carry out the election, thus confirming then
current practice. These princes nominally derived
their electoral status from the high court offices (Erzämter)
they held. The first-named three electors were the
holders of the office of archchancellor of the Holy
Roman Empire, i.e., the archbishops of Mayence
(Mainz), Treves (Trier), and Cologne (Köln). These
archbishops were of course major territorial lords,
although in the period covered by this record their
territorial holdings no longer included the cities
from which they derived the names of their sees (Erzstifte).
- For the sake
of providing a division between eras, after the
republican revolutions
- of Nov 1918, which overthrew the last
German monarchies, remaining states are listed under
- German
states since 1918; these include the
states (länder)
and former provinces of Germany. The provinces
of Prussia are listed in a separate section following
the entry for Prussia (Prussian provinces).
Statistical data is given only for those polities that
survived until 1866.
Noble titles: Edler/Edle
= Noble; Erzherzog/Erzherzogin
= Archduke/Archduchess; Freiherr/Freifrau
= Baron/Baroness; Fürst/Fürstin
= Prince/Princess; Gefürsteter
Graf/Gräfin = Princely
Count/Countess; Graf/Gräfin
= Count/Countess; Grossherzog/Grossherzogin
= Grand Duke/Duchess; Herr/Herrin
= Lord/Lady; Herzog/Herzogin
= Duke/Duchess; Kaiser/Kaiserin
= Emperor/Empress; Köing/Königin
= King/Queen; Kurfürst/Kurfürstin
= Prince/Princess Elector; Landgraf/Landgräfin
= Landgrave/Landgravine; Markgraf/Markgräfin
= Margrave/Margravine; Pfalzgraf/Pfalzgräfin
= Count/Countess Palatine; Pfalzgraf/Pfalzgräfin
bei Rhein = Count/Countess Palatine of the Rhine;
Prinz/Prinzessin = Prince/Princess;
Reichsfreiherr = Imperial Baron;
Reichsgraf/Reichsgräfin
= Imperial Count/Countess; Rheingraf/Rheingräfin
= Rhinegrave/Rhinegravine;
Ritter = Knight; Wildgraf
= Wildgrave.
- Ecclesiastical titles:
Äbt/Äbtissin
= Abbot/Abbess; Bischof
= bishop; Erzbischof = Archbishop;
Fürstabte = Prince-Abbot; Fürstabtissin
= Princess-Abbess; Fürstbischof
= Prince-bishop
- Maps showing some of the major
territorial changes: Historical
Map of Germany in 1660;
- Historical
map of Germany in 1789; Historical
map of Germany in 1803; Map
of Germany in 1812;
- Map
of German Confederation 1815; Map
of German Empire 1871
Fagnolle
(Ligne): see under Belgium
Feldkirch: see
Vorarlberg under Austrian
Lands to 1918
Flanders
(Flandern): see under France
provinces to 1791
Florence (Florenz):
see Tuscany under Italian states to 1860
Frankfurt
(Frankfurt
am Main)
![[Frankfurt Free City to
1806 (Germany)] [Frankfurt Free City to
1806 (Germany)]](de_fran2.gif)
c.1400 - 25 Sep 1806
|
![[Frankfurt Grand
Duchy 1806-1813 (Germany)] [Frankfurt Grand Duchy
1806-1813 (Germany)]](de_magun.gif)
25 Sep 1806 - 19 Oct 1813
|
5 Mar 1833 - 8 Oct 1866
|
Map of Frankfurt (1815-1866)
and
Map of Frankfurt (1812)
|
Hear Anthem
"Frankfurt, du
Königlische Stadt" (in medieval period)
|
Text of Anthem
|
Constitution
(16 Aug1810; 18 Jul 1816)
|
Capital: Frankfurt
am Main |
Currency: 1761-1866 same as
Hesse-Darmstadt |
State Holiday:
18 Oct (1813)
Erinnerungsfeier der Schlacht bei Leipzig
(Commemoration of Battle of Leipzig)
(unofficial) |
Population: 91,150 (1864)
60,000 (1804) |
Military: 890 (1860)
|
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions:
Protestant 80%, Roman Catholic 14%, Jewish 6%
(1860)
|
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1836-1866) |
794
The royal estate at the Franconofurt
is mentioned for the first
time in a document, as the location of an important
synod.
1074
A royal customs office is mentioned for the first time
in Frankfurt.
13 Jul 1254 - 1257
Frankfurt a member of the Rhenish League
of Cities (Rheinischen
Städtebundes).
1356
Frankfurt is finally named
the electoral seat of the German kings
with the Golden Bull, the Imperial Constitution.
1372
Frankfurt is a Free Imperial City (Freie
Reichsstadt Frankfurt).
20 Mar 1381 -
1389
Frankfurt a member of the second Rhenish League of
Cities.
1562
Imperial election and Coronation of the Holy Roman
Emperor
Maximilian II took place at Frankfurt, a precedent
followed
until the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
1742 - 1745
Under Emperor Karl VII, Frankfurt becomes
a royal residence for a
short time.
1 Jan 1759 - Feb 1763
Occupied by France in the Seven Years' War.
23 Oct 1792 - 2 Dec 1792 Occupied by
France.
9 Jun 1796 - 16 Jul 1796 Occupied by
Austria.
16 Jul 1796 - 8 Sep 1796 Occupied by
France.
Jul 1800 - Dec 1800
Occupied by France.
18 Jan 1806 - 30 Oct 1813 Occupied
by France.
19 Sep
1806
Frankfurt is incorporated into the Prince-Primate's
territorial
possessions (the ecclesiastic Principality of
Regensburg)
as
the Principality of Frankfurt (Fürstentum
Frankfurt/Principauté
de Francforte).
16 Feb
1810
Grand Duchy of Frankfurt (Grossherzogtum
Frankfurt/Grand-Duché de
Francforte)(composed
of the Prince-Primate's remaining territorial
possessions of Aschaffenburg,
Frankfurt, Fulda and Hanau. From
1 Jan 1811 it is divided into the départements
of Aschaffenbourg,
Francfort, Fulde, and Hanau).
28 Oct
1813
Grand Duke Carl Theodor, who was at the time in
Konstanz, abdicates
in favor Eugène Napoléon de France, prince de Venise
(b. 1781 -
d. 1824), who does not take office.
30 Oct 1813 - 20 Jun 1815 Occupied by the
Allies.
6 Nov 1813 - 20 Jun 1815 General
Government of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt and the
Principality of Isenburg (General-Gouvernement
des
Grossherzogthums Frankfurt und des Fürstenthums
Isenburg).
14 Dec
1813
Free City of Frankfurt (Freie Stadt Frankfurt).
8 Jun 1815 - 24 Aug 1866
Frankfurt seat of the Federal Assembly (Bundestag)
of the German
Confederation.
18 May 1848 - 31 May 1849 The first German
National Assembly meets in Frankfurt's Paulskirche.
16 Jul
1866
Occupied by Prussia.
8 Oct
1866
Annexation by Prussia
(as part of Hesse-Nassau province).
Note: Before 1806 the highest
authorities were (1) the Stadtschultheiss
(a fossil of the royal supervision of the city),
senior member of the Rat
(Council); (2) the senior mayor (Älterer
Bürgermeister), elected annually, who
presides in the Rat. The
mayor's term begins on a date between Easter and
Pentecost, and varied from year to year.
Stadtschultheissen
1696 - 19 Apr
1716
Johann Erasmus Seiffart von
(b. 1634 - d. 1716)
Klettenberg und Wildeck auf Rhoda
1716 - 21 Apr
1721 Johann
Georg von Holzhausen (b.
1643 - d. 1721)
1721 - 10 Jun
1741
Johann Heinrich Werlin
(b. 1663 - d. 1741)
1741 - 9 Aug
1747
Johann Christoph Ochs von
(b. 1674 - d. 1747)
Ochsenstein
1747 - 6 Feb
1771
Johann Wolfgang Textor
(b. 1693 - d. 1771)
1771 - 13 Mar
1777
Johann Isaac Moors
(b. 1707 - d. 1777)
1777 - 21 Mar
1788
Johann Martin Ruppel
(b. 1722 - d. 1788)
22 Mar 1788 - 27 Feb 1802
Johann Friedrich Maximilian von (b.
1736 - d. 1802)
Stalburg
27 Feb 1802 - 27 Sep 1806
Wilhelm Carl Ludwig Moors
(b. 1749 - d. 1806)
27 Sep 1806 - 31 Dec 1806
Friedrich Carl Schweitzer (acting) (b.
1749 - d. 1808)
1 Jan 1807 - 1 Jan 1811
Friedrich Maximilian Freiherr von (b. 1753
- d. 1824)
Günderrode
Senior Mayors (Älterer
Bürgermeister)
1699 -
1700
Philipp Nicolaus Lersner
(b. 1640 - d. 1702)
1700 -
1701
Heinrich von Barckhausen (1st time) (b. 1653 - d.
1727)
1701 -
1702
Johann Adolph Stephan von
(b. 1647 - d. 1712)
Cronstätten II (1st time)
1702 -
1703
Dominicus von Heyden (1st time) (b. 1644
- d. 1710)
1703 -
1704
Nicolaus Augustus Ruland
(b. 1650 - d. 1710)
1704 -
1705
Johann Arnold Mohr von Mohrenhelm (b. 1637 - d.
1712)
1705 -
1706
Johann Adolph von Glauburg I
(b. 1638 - d. 1718)
(2nd time)
1706 -
1707
Heinrich von Barckhausen (2nd time) (s.a.)
1707 -
1708
Johann Adolph Stephan von
(s.a.)
Cronstätten II (2nd time)
1708 -
1709
Dominicus von Heyden (2nd time) (s.a.)
1709 -
1710
Philipp Jacob Fleckhammer von (b.
1644 - d. 1727)
Aystetten
1710 -
1711
Johann Georg von Holzhausen
(s.a.)
(1st time)
1711 -
1712
Johann Philipp Orth II (1st time) (b. 1658 - d.
1733)
1712 -
1713
Johann Adolph von Glauburg I
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1713 -
1714
Heirich von Barckhausen (3rd time) (s.a.)
1714 -
1715
Johann Georg von Holzhausen
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1715 -
1716
Johann Philipp Orth II (2nd time) (s.a.)
1716 -
1717
Johann Martin von den Birghden (b.
1644 - d. 1720)
1717 -
1718
Johann Heinrich Werlin
(b. 1663 - d. 1741)
1718 -
1719
Johann Philipp von Kellner I
(b. 1615 - d. 1719)
1719 -
1720
Konrad Hieronymus Eberhard gen. (b. 1653
- d. 1744)
Schwind (1st time)
1720 -
1721
Ludwig Adolph von Syvertes
(b. 1656 - d. 1721)
1721 -
1722
Johann Christoph von Stetten
(b. 1653 - d. 1724)
1722 -
1723
Bartholomäus Barckhausen
(b. 1658 - d. 1727)
1723 -
1724
Georg Friedrich Faust von
(b. 1654 - d. 1724)
Aschaffenburg
1724 -
1725
Johann Hieronymus von Glauburg (b.
1654 - d. 1727)
1725 -
1726
Johann Christoph Ochs von
(s.a.)
Ochsenstein (1st time)
1726
Johann Adolph von Glauburg II (b.
1673 - d. 1752)
(acting)
1726 -
1727
Konrad Hieronymus Eberhard gen. (s.a.)
Schwind (2nd time)
1727 -
1728
Achilles August von Lersner
(b. 1662 - d. 1732)
(1st time)
1728 - 1 Sep
1728
Johann Daniel Fleischbein von (b.
1666 - d. 1728)
Kleeberg
1728
Johann Adolph von Glauburg III (b.
1691 - d. 1741)
(acting)
1728 -
1729
Achilles August von Lersner
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1729 -
1730
Johann Christoph Ochs von
(s.a.)
Ochsenstein (2nd time)
1730 -
1731
Achilles August von Lersner
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1731 -
1732
Johann Carl von Kaib (1st time) (b. 1684
- d. 1760)
1732 -
1733
Johann Jacob von Bertram (1st time) (b. 1684 - d.
1742)
1733 -
1734
Johann Hieronymus von Holzhausen (b. 1674
- d. 1736)
1734 -
1735
Johann Jacob von Bertram (2nd time) (s.a.)
1735 -
1736
Johann Philipp von Syvertes
(b. 1686 - d. 1743)
(1st time)
1736 -
1737
Johann Carl von Kaib (2nd time) (s.a.)
1737 -
1738
Johann Philipp von Kellner II (b.
1682 - d. 1744)
1738 -
1739
Johann Wolfgang Textor (1st time) (s.a.)
1739 -
1740
Johann Carl von Kaib (3rd time) (s.a.)
1740 -
1741
Johann Philipp von Syvertes
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1741
Johann Christoph Ochs von
(s.a.)
Ochsenstein (3rd time)
1741
Remigius Seyffart von Klettenberg (b. 1693 - d.
1766)
und Wildeck (1st time)(acting)
1741 -
1742
Johann Wolfgang Textor (2nd time) (s.a.)
1742 -
1743
Johann Carl von Kaib (4th time) (s.a.)
1743 -
1744
Johann Wolfgang Textor (3rd time) (s.a.)
1744 -
1745
Johann Georg Schweitzer Edler von (b. 1682 - d.
1770)
Wiederhold (1st time)
1745 -
1746
Johann Carl von Fichard (1st time) (b. 1695 - d.
1771)
1746 -
1747
Friedrich Maximilian von
(b. 1684 - d. 1761)
Günderrode (1st time)
1747 -
1748
Friedrich Maximilian von Lersner I (b. 1697 - d.
1753)
(1st time)
1748 -
1749
Johann Georg Schweitzer Edler von (s.a.)
Wiederhold (2nd time)
1749 -
1750
Friedrich Maximilian von
(s.a.)
Günderrode (2nd time)
1750 -
1751
Johann Carl von Fichard (2nd time) (s.a.)
1751 -
1752
Friedrich Maximilian von Lersner I (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1752 -
1753
Johann Georg Schweitzer Edler von (s.a.)
Wiederhold (3rd time)
1753 -
1754
Johann Carl von Fichard (3rd time) (s.a.)
1754 -
1755
Remigius Seyffart von Klettenberg (s.a.)
und Wildeck (2nd time)
1755 -
1756
Johann Carl von Fichard (4th time) (s.a.)
1756 -
1757
Friedrich Wilhelm von Völcker (b.
1692 - d. 1761)
1757 -
1758
Erasmus Carl Schlösser (1st time) (b. 1696 - d.
1773)
1758 -
1759
Philipp Jakob von Stalburg
(b. 1708 - d. 1760)
1759 -
1760
Remigius Seyffart von Klettenberg (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1760 -
1761
Johann Carl von Fichard (5th time) (s.a.)
1761 -
1762
Johann Maximilian von Holzhausen (b. 1708
- d. 1768)
1762 -
1763
Johann Friedrich Armand von
(b. 1687 - d. 1769)
Uffenbach
1763 -
1764
Johann Isaac Moors (1st time)
(s.a.)
1764 -
1765
Erasmus Carl Schlösser (2nd time) (s.a.)
1765 -
1766
Hieronymus Maximilian von Glauburg (b. 1715 - d.
1786)
(1st time)
1766 -
1767
Johann Carl von Fichard (6th time) (s.a.)
1767 -
1768
Friedrich Maximilian Baur von (b.
1707 - d. 1771)
Eysseneck
1768 -
1769
Johann Philipp von Heyden (1st time)(b. 1712 - d.
1778)
1769 -
1770
Johann Isaac Moors (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1770 -
1771
Hieronymus Maximilian von Glauburg (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1771 -
1772
Johann Daniel von Olenschlager (b.
1711 - d. 1778)
1772 -
1773
Johann Philipp von Heyden (2nd time)(s.a.)
1773 -
1774
Hieronymus Maximilian von Glauburg (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1774 -
1775
Friedrich Adolph von Glauburg (b.
1722 - d. 1789)
(1st time)
1775 -
1776
Johann Philipp von Heyden (3rd time)(s.a.)
1776 -
1777
Hieronymus Maximilian von Glauburg (s.a.)
(4th time)
1777 -
1778
Johann Friedrich von Wiesenhütten (b. 1724 - d.
1793)
(1st time)
1779 -
1780
Friedrich Adolph von Glauburg
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1780 -
1781
Johann Daniel Fleischbein von (b.
1715 - d. 1787)
Kleeberg II
1781 -
1782
Johann Friedrich von Wiesenhütten (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1782 -
1783
Friedrich Adolph von Glauburg
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1783 -
1784
Johann Christoph von Adlerflycht (b. 1729
- d. 1786)
(1st time)
1784 -
1785
Johann Friedrich von Wiesenhütten (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1785 -
1786
Johann Christoph von Adlerflycht (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1786 -
1787
Friedrich Adolph von Glauburg
(s.a.)
(4th time)
1787 -
1788
Johann Friedrich Maximilian von
(s.a.)
Stalburg
1788 -
1789
Friedrich Adolph von Glauburg
(s.a.)
(5th time)
1789 -
1790
Friedrich Maximilian von Lersner II (b. 1735 - d.
1804)
(1st time)
1790 -
1791
Johann Christoph von Lauterbach (b.
1734 - d. 1798)
(1st time)
1791 -
1792
Adolph Carl von Humbracht (1st time)(b. 1753 - d.
1837)
1792 -
1793
Johann Christoph von Lauterbach
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1793 -
1794
Johann Nicolaus Olenschlager von (b. 1751
- d. 1820)
Olenstein (1st time)
1794 -
1795
Adolph Carl von Humbracht (2nd time)(s.a.)
1795 -
1796
Johann Nicolaus Olenschlager von (s.a.)
Olenstein (2nd time)
1796 -
1797
Johann Christoph von Lauterbach (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1797 -
1798
Adolph Carl von Humbracht (3rd time)(s.a.)
1798 -
1799
Friedrich Maximilian von Lersner II (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1799 -
1800
Adolph Carl von Humbracht (4th time)(s.a.)
1800 -
1801
Anton Ulrich Carl von Holzhausen (b. 1754
- d. 1832)
(1st time)
1801 -
1802
Adolph Carl von Humbracht (5th time)(s.a.)
1802 -
1803
Johann Nicolaus Olenschlager von (s.a.)
Olenstein (3rd time)
1803 -
1804
Johann Friedrich von Riese
(b. 1745 - d. 1809)
1804 -
1805
Johann Nicolaus Olenschlager von (s.a.)
Olenstein (4th time)
1805 -
1806
Friedrich August Wiesenhüter
(b. 1759 - d. 1823)
1806 - 19 Sep
1806
Anton Ulrich Carl von Holzhausen (s.a.)
(2nd time)
27 Sep 1806 - Dec
1806 Friedrich Karl
Schweisser
(b. 1749 - d. 1808)
Erster Bürgermeister
(First Mayor)
Jan 1807 - 31 Dec
1810 Adolf Karl von
Humbracht
(s.a.)
Commissioner of
Frankfurt
19 Sep 1806 - 25 Sep 1806
Franz Joseph Martin Freiherr von (b. 1748
- d. 1816)
Albini auf Dürrenried
Prince (title Fürst von Frankfurt)
25 Sep 1806 - 16 Feb 1810 Carl
Theodor Anton Maria Freiherr (b. 1744
- d. 1817)
von und zu Dalberg, Reichserzkanzler
und Kurfürst, Fürst-Primas, Erzbischof
und Fürst von Regensburg
Grand Duke (title Grossherzog
von Frankfurt)
16 Feb 1810 - 28 Oct 1813 Carl
Theodor Anton Maria Freiherr (b. 1744 - d.
1817)
von und zu Dalberg, Reichserzkanzler
und Kurfürst, Fürst-Primas,
Erzbischof und Fürst von Regensburg
30 Sep 1813 - 6 Nov 1813
Conference of ministers
- Franz Joseph Martin Freiherr von (s.a.)
Albini
- Joseph Karl Theodor Freiherr
(b. 1761 - d. 1833)
von Eberstein
- Karl Christian Ernst Graf von
(b. 1767 - d. 1849)
Benzel-Sternau
Governors-general
6 Nov 1813 - 31 Dec 1813 Philipp
Prinz zu Hessen-Homburg (b. 1779 -
d. 1846)
31 Dec 1813 - 20 Jun 1815 Heinrich XIII
Fürst von Reuss- (b. 1747
- d. 1817)
Greiz
Maire (Mayor)
1 Jan 1811 - 2 Nov 1813 Jakob
Guiollett
(b. 1746 - d. 1815)
Head of the Provisional Administration
14 Dec 1813 - 31 Dec 1813 Adolf Karl von
Humbracht
(s.a.)
Chief of Civil Administration
31 Dec 1813 - 20 Jun 1815 Johann Aloys
Joseph Reichsfreiherr (b. 1754 - d.
1825)
von Hügel (Austria)
Senior Mayor (Älterer Bürgermeister)
31 Dec 1813 - 3 Sep 1816 Adolf
Karl von Humbracht (6th time) (s.a.)
3 Sep 1816 - 31 Dec 1817
Johann Wilhelm Metzler (1st time) (b. 1755
- d. 1837)
1 Jan 1818 - 31 Dec 1818
Georg
Steitz
(b. 1756 - d. 1819)
1 Jan 1819 - 31 Dec 1819
Johann Wilhelm Metzler (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1820 - 31 Dec 1820
Carl Wilhelm Freiherr von
Günderrode (1st
time)
(b. 1765 - d. 1823)
1 Jan 1821 - 31 Dec 1821
Johann
Büchner
(b. 1756 - d. 1834)
1 Jan 1822 - 31 Dec 1822
Georg Friedrich von Guaita
(1st
time)
(b. 1772 - d. 1851)
1 Jan 1823 - 31 Dec 1823
Johann Wilhelm Metzler (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1824 - 31 Dec 1824
Georg Freidrich von Guaita
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1825 - 31 Dec 1825
Johann Friedrich von Meyer
(1st
time)
(b. 1772 - d. 1849)
1 Jan 1826 - 31 Dec 1826
Georg Friedrich von Guaita
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1827 - 31 Dec 1827
Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp Freiherr
von Malapert gen. Neufville
(1st
time)
(b. 1784 - d. 1852)
1 Jan 1828 - 31 Dec 1828
Ferdinand Maximilian Stark
(1st
time)
(b. 1778 - d. 1857)
1 Jan 1829 - 31 Dec 1829
Johann Peter Hieronymus
Hoch (b. 1779 -
d. 1831)
1 Jan 1830 - 31 Dec 1830
Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp Freiherr
von Malapert gen. Neufville
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1831 - 31 Dec 1831
Georg Friedrich von Guaita
(4th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1832 - 31 Dec 1832
Johann Gerhard Christian Thomas
(1st
time)
(b. 1785 - d. 1838)
1 Jan 1833 - 31 Dec 1833
Georg Friedrich von Guaita
(5th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1834 - 31 Dec 1834
Ferdinand Maximilian Stark
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1835 - 31 Dec 1835
Johann Gerhard Christian Thomas
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1836 - 31 Dec 1836
Ferdinand Maximilian Stark
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1837 - 31 Dec 1837
Georg Friedrich von Guaita
(6th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1838 - 1 Nov
1838 Johann Gerhard Christian Thomas
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Nov 1838 -
1838
Eduard Franz Souchay (acting)
(b. 1800 - d. 1872)
1838 - 31 Dec
1838
Georg Friedrich von Guaita
(7th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1839 - 31 Dec 1839
Johann Friedrich von Meyer
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1840 - 31 Dec 1840
Gottfried Scharff (1st time)
(b. 1782 - d. 1855)
1 Jan 1841 - 31 Dec 1841
Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm
Freiherr von Günderrode
gen. von Kellner (1st time)
(b. 1786 - d. 1862)
1 Jan 1842 - 31 Dec 1842
Gottfried Scharff (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1843 - 31 Dec 1843
Johann Friedrich von Meyer
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1844 - 31 Dec 1844
Gottfried Scharff (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1845 - 31 Dec 1845
Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden
(1st
time)
(b. 1793 - d. 1866)
1 Jan 1846 - 31 Dec 1846
Gottfried Scharff (4th
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1847 - 31 Dec 1847
Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm
Freiherr von Günderrode
gen. von Kellner (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1848 - 31 Dec 1848
Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1849 - 31 Dec 1849
Samuel Gottlieb Müller (1st time) (b. 1802
- d. 1880)
1 Jan 1850 - 31 Dec 1850
Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1851 - 31 Dec 1851
Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm
Freiherr von Günderrode
gen. von Kellner (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1852 - 31 Dec 1852
Johann Georg Neuburg (1st time) (b.
1795 - d. 1866)
1 Jan 1853 - 31 Dec 1853
Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden
(4th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1854 - 31 Dec 1854
Johann Georg Neuburg (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1855 - 31 Dec 1855
Eduard Ludwig von Harnier
(1st
time)
(b. 1800 - d. 1868)
1 Jan 1856 - 31 Dec 1856
Johann Georg Neuburg (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1857 - 31 Dec 1857
Eduard Ludwig von Harnier
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1858 - 31 Dec 1858
Johann Georg Neuburg (4th time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1859 - 31 Dec 1859
Eduard Ludwig von Harnier
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1860 - 31 Dec 1860
Samuel Gottlieb Müller (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1861 - 31 Dec 1861
Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm
Freiherr von Günderrode
gen. von Kellner (4th time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1862 - 31 Dec 1862
Johann Georg Neuburg (5th time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1863 - 31 Dec 1863
Samuel Gottlieb Müller (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1864 - 31 Dec 1864
Anton Heinrich Emil von
Oven (b. 1817 -
d. 1903)
1 Jan 1865 - 31 Dec 1865 Philipp Friedrich
Gwinner
(b. 1796 - d. 1868)
1 Jan 1866 - 18 Jul 1866 Carl Constanz
Victor Fellner
(b. 1807 - d. 1866)
Prussian Governor
16 Jul 1866 - 8 Oct 1866 Ernst Eduard
Vogel
von
(b. 1797 - d. 1885)
Falckenstein
Prussian Civil Commissioner
21 Jul 1866 - 30 Sep 1867 Guido von Madai
(b. 1810 - d. 1892)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
of the Grand Duchy of Frankfort
10 Oct 1806 - Dec
1810 Carl Leopold
Graf von Beust
(b. 1740 - d. 1827)
Dec 1810 - 21 Dec
1813 Franz Joseph Martin
Freiherr von (s.a.)
Albini auf Dürrenried
French Government Commissioner in Frankfurt
1810 - 1811
Pierre Claude Louis Robert Tascher
(b. 1787 - d. 1861)
de La Pagerie, dit Fanfan, comte
de Tascher de la Pagerie
Départements of the Grand
Duchy of Frankfurt 1811-1813
Aschaffenburg
Prefect of the Département Aschaffenbourg
1 Jan 1811 - Oct/Nov 1813 Carl
Joseph Wilhelm Will
(b. 1754 - d. 1834)
Frankfurt
Prefect of the Département Francfort
1 Jan 1811 - 2 Nov 1813 Friedrich
Maximilian Freiherr von (b. 1753 - d.
1824)
Günderrode
Fulda
Prefect of the Département Fulde
1 Jan 1811 - Oct/Nov 1813 Lothar
Herquet
(b. 1767 - d. 1849)
Hanau
Prefects of the Département Hanau
1 Jan 1811 - 3 Mar 1813 Heinrich
Friedrich Conrad
(b. 1784 - d. 1848)
Freiherr von und zu der Tann
3 Mar 1813 - Oct/Nov 1813 Carl Albrecht Wilhelm
von Auer (b. 1748 - d.
1830)
Freiburg im Üechtland
(Fribourg): see Fribourg under Swiss Cantons
Friedberg
in der Wetterau
1216
Friedberg in der Wetterau castle built (Burggraviate
of Friedberg
in der Wetterau [Burggrafschaft
Friedberg in der Wetterau]).
1254 -
1257
Member of the Rhenish League of Cities (Rheinischen
Städtebundes).
8 Sep 1257
Imperial City of Friedberg in der Wetterau (Reichsstadt
Friedberg
in der Wetterau) a
separate entity.
1285 - 1364
City joins the Wetterau
League of Towns.
1 May 1287
Burggraf
granted imperial justice.
2 Nov
1347
Pledged to Hohenlohe.
26 May 1349
Pledged to Schwarzburg.
1381 -
1389
Member of the second Rhenish League of Cities.
1431
Castle listed in
the Reichsmatrikel (imperial
properties) list
(Kayserliche und des heiligen
Reichs-Burg Friedberg).
1535
The free
city is pledged to the burggraviate
(Stadt
und Burg Friedberg in der Wetterau).
2 Sep 1802 - 12 Jul 1806
Occupied by Hesse-Darmstadt.
12 Jul
1806
Mediatized to Hesse-Darmstadt.
19 Jun
1866
Annexed to Prussia.
Burggraffen (title Burggraf zu
Friedberg in der Wetterau)
1685 - 18 Jan
1699
Johann III Freiherr von Schlitz, (b. 1644 - d.
1699)
gen. von Görtz
1699 - 15 Dec 1705
Adolf
Johann Karl Freiherr von
(b. 1640 - d. 1705)
Bettendorff
1706 - 28 Mar
1710
Johann IV Löw von Steinfurth (b.
1662 - d. 1710)
1710 - 1 Mar
1727
Johann Erwein Freiherr von
(b. 1663 - d. 1727)
Greiffenclau, Herr zu Vollrads
1727 - 10 May
1745
Hermann XVIII Riedesel
(b. 1682 - d. 1745)
zu Eisenbach
1745 - 20 Sep 1748
Johann
Eitel II von Diede (b.
1697 - d. 1748)
zu Fürstenstein
1749 - 22 Jan
1755 Ernst
Ludwig von Breidenbach
(b. 1699 - d. 1755)
zu Breidenstein
1755 - 8 Dec 1776
Franz
Heinrich Freiherr von
(b. 1716 - d. 1776)
Dalberg zu Herrnsheim
1777 - 15 Feb
1805
Johann Maria Rudolph
Graf
(b. 1731 - d. 1805)
Waldbott von Bassenheim
1805 - 12 Jul
1806
Klemens August Wilhelm Graf von (b. 1753 - d.
1818)
Westphalen
Freising
724/30
Benedictine Abbey of Freising (Stift
Fresysing).
739
Elevated to Bishopric (Hochstift
Freysing)(subordinate to Mainz,
from 748 to Salzburg).
783
Innichen Abbey (Stift Innichen) in San
Candido part of the
lands ofthe Bishop of
Freising.
973
Lordship of Bischoflack granted to the Bishop of
Freising
by Emperor Otto II.
8 Oct
1284
Lordship of Burgrain (Herrschaft Burgrain)
aquired by the Bishop.
1294
Grafschaft
Partenkirchen und Mittenwald (Werdenfels)
sold to
the Bishop of Freising, thereby freed
the bishopric from the
bailiwick and the regional court of the
Bavarian dukes.
Bishops also become Princes of the Empire (Fürstbischöfe
von
Freising).
1319
County on the Yserrain (Grafschaft auf dem
Yserrain) part of
the lands of the bishop.
27 Oct 1802 - 1803
Freising occupied by Bavaria.
27 Apr
1803
Domains annexed by Bavaria
and Austria.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischöfe von
Freising)
29 Jan 1695 - 23 Feb 1727 Johann
Franz Freiherr von Eckher von
(b. 1649 - d. 1727)
Kapfing und Liechteneck
23 Feb 1727 - 27 Jan 1763 Johann
Theodor Kardinal von Bayern
(b. 1703 - d. 1763)
18 Apr 1763 - 20 Aug 1768 Clemens
Wenzeslaus August Hubertus Franz (b.
1739 - d. 1812)
Xaver Herzog von
Sachsen
23 Jan 1769 - 15 Mar 1788 Ludwig
Joseph Freiherr von Welden auf (b.
1727 - d. 1788)
Laubheim und Hochaltingen
26 May 1788 - 30 Dec 1789 Maximilian
Prokop Graf von Toerring- (b.
1739 - d. 1789)
Jettenbach
1 Mar 1790
- 4 Apr 1803 Joseph Konrad Freiherr von
Schroffenberg- (b. 1743 - d. 1803)
Mös
Fulda
12 Mar
744
Benedictine Abbey of Fulda (Kloster Fulda).
774
Abbey granted the ecclesiastical immunity
by Charlemagne.
968
Imperial Abbot, madeabbot primate of all German
Benedictines.
1170
Abbots also made Princes of the Empire.
26 Apr
1220
Abbey elevated to a Princely Abbey by Emperor
Frederick II.
1356
Emperor Karl IV awarded the Prince-abbot the honorary
title of
"Archchancellor of the Empress" (Erzkanzler der
Kaiserin).
1631 -
1635
Given to Landgraf Wilhelm V of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1602 -
d. 1637)
as an imperial fief by Gustav II Adolf of Sweden.
5 Oct
1752
Bishopric of Fulda (Hochstift
Fulda).
22 Oct 1802
Occupied by
Prussia.
27 Apr 1803 - 27 Oct 1806
Mediatized and given to the Prince of Oranje-Nassau as
the
Principality of
Nassau-Orange-Fulda (Fürstentum
Nassau-
Oranien-Fulda).
Composed of Principality of Fulda, County of
Dortmund, Principality of Corvey, Lordship of
Weingarten.
12 Jul
1806
Lordship of Weingarten and the Nassau core territories
annexed by
Württemberg and the Nassau territories by
the Grand Duchy of
Berg and the Duchy of Nassau.
27 Oct 1806 - 16 May 1810 Fulda
occupied by France.
16 May
1810
Part of Grand Duchy of Frankfurt (as
its Département de la
Fulde/Departement der Fulda).
Nov 1813 - 14 Apr 1816
Portion under Austrian administration.
Jun 1815 - 5 Feb
1816 Portion under Prussian
administration.
5 Feb
1816
Part of Hesse-Cassel
(as Grossherzogtum Fulda).
14 Apr
1816
Portion is incorporated into Bavaria.
1 Oct
1867
Hesse part annexed to Prussia.
Prince-Abbots (title Fürstabt zu Fulda)
4 Jan 1678 - 22 Jun 1700
Placidus von Droste zu Erwitte
(b. 1641 - d. 1700)
1 Jul 1700 - 6 Oct
1714 Adalbert I von Schleifras
(b. 1650 - d. 1714)
19 Oct 1714 - 13 Mar 1726
Konstantin von Buttlar
(b. 1679 – d. 1726)
8 Apr 1726 - 3 Nov
1737 Adolf Freiherr von Dalberg
(b. 1678 - d. 1737)
21 Dec 1737 - 5 Oct 1752
Amandus von Buseck
(b. 1685 - d. 1756)
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof
zu Fulda)
5 Oct 1752 - 4 Dec
1756 Amandus von Buseck
(s.a.)
17 Jan 1756 - 17 Sep 1759
Adalbert II von Walderdorff
(b. 1697 - d. 1759)
22 Oct 1759 - 25 Sep 1788
Heinrich VIII von Bibra
(b. 1711 - d. 1788)
18 Nov 1788 - 22 Oct 1802
Adalbert III von Herstall
(b. 1737 - d. 1814)
Directing Commissioner
22 Oct 1802 - 6 Dec 1802
von Schenck
Prince of Nassau-Orange-Fulda
(title Fürst von Nassau-Oranien-Fulda und Fürst
von Fulda,
Fürst von Corvey, Herr von Weingarten und Graf von
Dortmund)
23 Feb 1803 - 27 Oct 1806
Wilhelm von
Oranien-Nassau
(b. 1772 - d. 1843)
(= Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau)
French Military governors
27 Oct 1806 -
1807
Paul Charles François Adrien Henri (b.
1769 - d. 1846)
Diéudonne, baron Thiébault
1807 - 19 May
1810
Georges, baron
Kister
(b. 1752 - d. 1832)
Prefect of Fulda Department (of the Grand
Duchy of Frankfurt)
1 Jan 1811 - Oct/Nov 1813 Lothar
Herquet
(b. 1767 - d. 1849)
Fürstenberg
Map of Fürstenberg
(1800)
|
Capital:
Donaueschingen
(Stühlingen and Messkirch 1716-1723,
Heiligenberg 1664-1716)
|
Population: 75,000
(1802)
|
1250
County of Fürstenberg (Grafschaft
Fürstenberg) split from
Urach.
1283
Landgrave of
Baar.
1284 -
1386
Partitioned into Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg and
Fürstenberg-Haslach.
1386
Re-united by
Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg.
1408 - 1490
Partitioned into
Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg and Fürstenberg-Wolfach.
1490
Re-united by
Fürstenberg-Baar.
1559 - 1744
Partitioned into
Fürstenberg-Blumberg and Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg.
1664
Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg raised to an imperial
principality, which
is inherited by
Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen in 1698.
2 Dec
1716
Principality of Fürstenberg (Fürstentum
Fürstenberg)(Fürstenberg-
Stühlingen inherits Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen).
7 Sep 1744
Fürstenberg-Stühlingen unites all Fürstenberg
lands in Swabia,
after the Fürstenberg-Mößkirch line dies.
17 May
1804
Karl Joachim of Fürstenberg-Stühlingen dies, is
Fürstenberg-
Stühlingen inherited by Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg.
12 Jul
1806
Mediatised between Baden, Württemberg, and
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen, with the largest part going to Baden.
Counts (title Graf zu Fürstenberg)
10 Sep 1674 - 10 Oct 1716 Anton Egon
zu
Fürstenberg-
(b. 1656 - d. 1716)
Heiligenberg
10 Oct 1716 - 2 Dec 1716
Froben Ferdinand Dominik Christoph (b.
1664 - d. 1741)
zu Fürstenberg-Mösskirch
Princes (title Fürst zu Fürstenberg)
2 Dec 1716 - 4 Apr
1741 Froben Ferdinand Dominik
Christoph (s.a.)
zu Fürstenberg-Mösskirch
4 Apr 1741 - 7 Sep 1744 Karl
Friedrich zu Fürstenberg- (b.
1714 - d. 1744)
Mösskirch
7 Sep 1744 - 29 Apr 1762
Joseph Wilhelm Ernst zu Fürstenberg- (b. 1699 - d.
1762)
Stühlingen
29 Apr 1762 - 2 Jun 1783 Joseph
Wenzel von
Fürstenberg- (b.
1728 - d. 1783)
Stühlingen
2 Jun
1783 - 24 Jun 1796 Joseph Maria Benedikt zu
Fürstenberg (b. 1738 - d. 1796)
-Stühlingen
24 Jun 1796 - 17 May 1804 Karl Joachim
Franz de Paula zu (b.
1796 - d. 1804)
Fürstenberg-Stühlingen
17 May 1804 - 6 Aug 1806 Karl
Egon II von Fürstenberg
(b. 1796 -
d. 1854)
17 May 1804 - 6 Aug 1806
Elisabetha Alexandrina von Thurn
(b. 1767 - d. 1822)
und
Taxis (f) -Regent
Gandersheim
c.852
Benedictine Abbey of Gandersheim (Stift
Gandersheim).
877
Placed under the protection of the Empire by King Louis.
919
Imperial Immediacy
granted by King Heinrich der Vogler
(Reichsstift Gandersheim).
1021
Abbesses also Countesses.
22 Jun
1206
Sovereignty confirmed by Pope Innocent III, raised to
princely
status (Kaiserlich
freies weltliches Reichsstift Gandersheim),
Imperial Free Secular Foundation of Gandersheim.
1417
Abbesses made Princess of the Empire.
1542 -
1547
Protestant rule.
1568
Becomes a Protestant abbey.
23 Sep
1802
Monastery gave up its imperial immediacy in a
contract to avoid
secularization and placed itself under the sovereignty of
the
House of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
2 Nov 1806 -
28 Aug 1807 French occupation.
28 Aug
1807
Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
10 Mar
1810
Monastery is dissolved.
30 Sep 1813 - 21 Nov 1813 Allied administration.
21 Nov
1813
Incorporated to Brunswick.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstäbtissin zu
Gandersheim)
21 Dec 1693 - 6 Sep
1712 Henriette Christine Prinzessin
(b. 1669 - d. 1753)
von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
3 Nov 1712 - 27 Apr 1713 Marie
Elisabeth Prinzessin zu (b. 1646 -
d. 1713)
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1713 - 24 Dec 1766
Elisabeth IV Ernestine Antonie
(b. 1681 - d. 1766)
Herzogin
von Sachsen-Meiningen
4 Jun 1767 - 26 Jun 1778 Therese
Natalie Prinzessin zu
(b. 1728 - d. 1778)
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern
3 Aug 1778 - 23 Sep 1802 Auguste
Dorothea Prinzessin zu
(b. 1749 - d. 1810)
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
Gemert: see under Netherlands
Gemen
(Gehmen)
Map of Gemen
|
Capital: Gemen
(Gehmen)
|
Population:
1,800
(1802)
|
c.1092
Gemen (Gehmen) mentioned as an allod of the Edelherren
of Gemen.
c.1250
Gemen (Gehmen) a fief
of the Counts of Cleves.
1531 - 1640
Inherited by the Counts of Schaumburg and
Holstein-Pinneberg.
Aug
1568
Gemen occupied and plundered by Spanish forces.
1619 -
1700
Under the feudal lordship of the Elector of Brandenburg.
5 Nov 1635 -
1640
Possession disputed between the Holstein-Schaumburg and
Limburg-
Styrum families.
1644
Gemen passes to the Limburg-Styrum (Limburg-Stirum)
dynasty.
26 Oct 1694
Imperial Court Chamber recognizes
Imperial immediacy of the Castle
and Lordship of Gemen (Gehmen)(Burg und
Herrschaft Gemen) under
the Counts of Limburg-Styrum.
12 May
1700
Imperial immediacy recognized by the
Bishop of Münster and the
Count renounces the sovereign rights over his farms
scattered
throughout the Münster diocese and the right to tax the
people
of Vreden (recognized by Elector of Brandenburg 13 Oct
1700).
1733
Lordship of Raesfeld inherited by the Count of
Limburg-Styrum.
1776
Gemen castle briefly occupied by soldiers from Lippe.
26 Feb 1797
Line of Limburg-Styrum extinct,
Gemen inherited the branch of
Limburg-Styrum zu Iller-Aichheim.
5 Dec
1800
The Baron of Bömelberg (Boemelberg), Baron
Alois Sebastian von
Bömelberg zu Erolzheim, inherits Gemen on
death of Ferdinand
August Carl when his line became extinct.
12 Jul
1806
Gemen ceded to Salm-Kyrburg (and
Erolzheim annexed to Bavaria,
from 1810 Württemburg).
28 Feb 1811
Gemen annexed to France
(part of département Yssel-Supérieur,
then
from 27 Apr 1811 the département
de la Lippe).
1813 -
1815
Allied administration.
9 Jun 1815
Annexed to Prussia (part of
Westfalen province).
Counts and Lords (title Reichsgraf von
Limburg-Styrum und Bronckhorst, Herr zu Gemen und
Herr zu Raesfeld)
3 Oct 1657 - 9 Jul 1704
Hermann Otto II
(b. 1646
- d. 1704)
9 Jul 1704 - 4 Mar 1754 Otto
Ernst
Leopold
(b. 1684 - d. 1754)
4 Mar 1754 - 31 Dec 1771
Friedrich Karl
(b. 1710 - d.
1771)
31 Dec 1771 - 26 Feb 1797 Damian August
Philipp Karl,
(b. 1721 - d. 1797)
Fürstbischof von Speyer
26 Feb 1797 - 5 Dec 1800 Ferdinand
August Carl
(b. 1785 - d. 1800)
Baron and Lord (title Reichsfreiherr von
Bömelberg, Herr zu Gemen und
Raesfeld)
5 Dec 1800 - 12 Jul 1806
Aloys
(b. 1755 - d. 1826)
(= Aloys Sebastian von
Bömelberg zu Erolzheim)
Geneva (Genf): see under
Swiss
Cantons
Genoa (Genua): see under Italian states to 1860
Glarus: see under Swiss Cantons
Gmünd
Map of Gmünd
|
Capital: Schwäbisch Gmünd
|
Population:
12,000 (1802)
|
28 Dec 1268
Schwäbisch Gmünd Imperial
City (Reichsstadt Schwäbisch Gmünd),
with three mayors from 1551; three "succession
lines" can be
distinguished.
1488 -
1534
Member of the Swabian League.
9 Sep 1802
Occupied by Württemburg.
27 Apr
1803
Dissolved by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
and ceded to the
Duke of Württemberg
(as part of Neuwürttemberg).
1805
Renamed Gmünd
7 Jan
1806
Neuwürttemberg incorporated into Württemberg.
1934
Renamed Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
- Line 1 -
1682 - 1702
Achilles Stahl
(b. 16.. - d. 1703)
1708 - 1718
Nikolaus Kucher
1718 - 1739
Dominikus Stahl
1739 - 1751
Franz Josef Wingert
(b. 1680 - d. 1751)
1751 - 1769
Dominikus Geiger
1769 - 1783
Johann Michael König
1783 - 1786
Johann Sebastian Doll
(b. 1718 - d.
1786)
1786 - 1797
Georg Franz Stahl von
Pfeilhalden (b. 1728 - d. 1797)
1797 - 1802
Benedikt Storr
(b. 1751 - d. 1804)
- Line 2 -
1694 - 1715
Michael Storr
1715 - 1725
Ferdinand Riess
1725 - 1740
Johann Georg Stahl
(d. 1740)
1740 - 1753
Johannes Kaiser
1753 - 1766
Josef Ferdinand Anton
Storr von (b. 1715 - d.
1785)
Ostrach (Reichserbschultheissen)
1767 - 1783
Franz Dominikus
Jageisen
1783 - 1789
Sebastian Ziegler
1789 - 1795
Franz Frankenstein
1796 - 1802
Josef Alois Beisswinger
(b. 1745 - d. 1804)
- Line 3 -
1688 - 1712
Jakob Twenger
1712 - 1724
Johann Georg Storr
1724 - 1743
Georg Mayrhöfer
1743 - 1748
Franz Ignaz Jehle
1748 - 1753
Johannes Seybold
1753 - 1766
Josef Köhler
1766? - 1767
Josef Herzer
1767 - 1785
....
1785 - 1792
Johann Mayer
1792 - 1797
Johann Bichler
1797 - 1802
Ignaz
Schedel
(b. 1737 - d. 1822)
Görz: see Görz und
Gradisca under Austrian
Lands to 1918
Gradisca
(Gradiska): see Görz und Gradisca under Austrian Lands to
1918
Gruyères (Greyerz):
see under Swiss
Territories
Guastalla: see under Italian states to 1860
Guelders (Geldern): see
Gelderland under Netherlands
province
Gutenzell
1237
Cistercian Abbey of Gutenzell (Abbatia
imperialis Bona Cella/
Stift Gutenzell).
1417
Abbesses made Princesses of the Empire (Reichsabtei
Gutenzell).
27 Apr
1803
Secularized given to the Count of Törring.
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Württemburg.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstäbtissin zu
Gutenzell)
1696 -
1718
Maria
Viktoria Hochwind
(d. 1718)
1718 -
1747
Maria Bernarda von Donnersberg
(d. 1747)
1747 -
1759
Maria Franziska Barbara
Dominica (b.
1707 - d. 1759)
von Gall
1759 -
1776
Maria Alexandra Francisca Zimmermann
(b. 1716 - d. 1776)
1776 - 27 Apr
1803 Maria Justina
von Erolzheim (b. 1746
- d. 1809)
Haldenstein: see under Swiss
Territories
Hamburg
-
- bf.1685
- 14 May 1751
|
-
- 14 May 1751 - 13 Apr 1835
|
-
- Adopted 13 Apr 1835
|
-
- State Flag Adopted
8 Oct 1897
|
Map
of Hamburg |
Hear
State
Anthem
"Stadt
Hamburg an der Elbe Auen"
(Hamburg City on the Elbe)
(= "Heil über dir, Hammonia") (Hail to you,
Hammonia)
|
Text of State Anthem
(1828-1918, official from 1890)
|
Constitution
(28 Sep 1860;
13 Oct 1879)
|
Capital: Hamburg
(Hambourg 1806-1813)
|
Currency: Hamburg Mark
(1726-1810, 1813-1875)
|
State Holiday: 2
Sep (1870) Sedantag (Day of Sedan) (c.1888-1918)
(unofficial)
----------------------------------
18 Oct (1813)
Erinnerungsfeier der Schlacht bei Leipzig
(Commemoration of Battle of Leipzig)
(1814-c.1888) (unofficial) |
Population: 931,035 (1910)
306,507 (1867)
122,000 (1802)
|
Military: 2,100 (1860)
Merchant marine: 530 sea-going vessels
(1864) |
Exports: 250 million
Vereinsthalers (1858)
Imports: 285 million
Vereinsthalers (1858) |
Religions:
Protestant 96%, Jewish 3%, Roman Catholic 1%
(1860) |
International
Organizations: ICRM, ITU |
834
Bishopric of Hamburg; The name "Hammaburg"
first mentioned
in writing.
845
Town sacked by the Norsemen.
848 -
1072
In personal union with Bishopric of Bremen.
880
Hamburg is destroyed by Norman and Slavic raiders led by
Eric
the
Child.
915
Hamburg is destroyed by Danes and
Slavs.
1012
Hamburg is
destroyed by the Wendish.
1189
Free City of Hamburg (Freie Stadt Hamburg) by
imperial
charter
of Friedrich I "Barbarossa."
1214 - 22 Jul 1227
Occupied by Denmark.
1223
Archbishopric relocated from Hamburg to Bremen.
1356 - 1669
Member of the Hanseatic League.
10 Aug 1410
First
Constitution of Hamburg established.
1510
Imperial City of Hamburg (Reichsstadt
Hamburg) declared by
Emperor
Maximilian.
15 May
1529
The city embraces Lutheranism.
6/16 Jul
1618
The Bundeskammergericht
confirms that Hamburg
is reichsunmittelbar; the
polity usually gives itself
the style Free Imperial City of Hamburg; four mayors to
1861, alternating with two of them worthaltend
(in charge)
at any time; four "succession lines" can be
distinguished
(Freie Reichsstadt Hamburg).
18 Jun 1762 -
1762
Occupied by Denmark.
27 May
1768
Treaty of Gottorp releases Hamburg from theoretical
subjection to
the king
of Denmark, as Duke of Holstein, and ceded to Hamburg
the islands and districts on the left-bank of the Elbe.
1770
Hamburg admitted to representation in the Diet of the
Empire.
13 Nov
1806
Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie Hansestadt
Hamburg).
19 Nov 1806 - 13 Dec
1810 Occupied by France (Hambourg).
13 Dec 1810 - 18 Mar
1813 Incorporated into France; from 1 Jan
1811 as arrondissement
de Hambourg within the département of
Bouches-de-l'Elbe
(see under Germany).
18 Mar
1813
Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg (restored).
29 May 1813 - 31 May
1814 Re-incorporated into France.
31 May
1814
Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg (restored).
20 Dec
1819
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie
und Hansestadt Hamburg)
from 1918 see German states
since 1918).
1 Jan
1868
Bergedorf incorporated into Hamburg (joint condominium
with Lubeck 1420-1868).
French Governors-general of the Hanseatic Cities
15 Dec 1806 - 29 Apr 1807 Guillaume
Marie Annne
Brune (b. 1763
- d. 1815)
14 Jul 1807 - 7 Mar 1809
Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte
(b. 1763 - d. 1844)
Feb 1810 - Jul
1810 Gabriel
Jean Joseph
Molitor (b.
1770 - d. 1849)
1 Dec 1810 - 18 Mar
1813 Louis Davout, duc
d'Auerstedt, (b. 1770 – d. 1823)
prince du Eckmühl
13 Jul 1810 - 3 Mar 1812 Charles
Antoine
Morand
(b.
1771 - d. 1835)
(acting for Davout)
1812 - 13 Mar
1813
Claude Carra de
Saint-Cyr
(b. 1760 - d. 1834)
(acting for Davout)
Military governor
29 May 1813 - 10 May 1814 Louis Davout,
duc d'Auerstedt, (s.a.)
prince d'Eckmühl
2 Jul 1813 -
1814
Louis Stanislas Xavier
Soyez (b. 1769 - d.
1839)
(acting for Davout)
Sous-préfet, arrondissement de Hambourg
(subordinated to the prefects of Bouches-de-l'Elbe)
1812 -
1813
Alfred Louis Jean Philippe
de (b. 1789 - d. 1856)
Chastellux
French Mayor (Maier)
1811 - 29 May 1813
Amandus
Augustus Abendroth (b.
1767 - d. 1842)
(1st time)
29 May 1813 - 31 May 1814 Amandus Augustus
Abendroth
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
- Line 1 -
18 Nov 1697 - 17 Nov 1709 Peter von
Lengerke
(b. 1651 - d. 1709)
27 Nov 1709 - 15 Jul 1716 Lucas von
Borstel
(b. 1649 - d. 1716)
24 Jul 1716 - 30 Jul 1720 Bernhard
Matfeld
(b. 1661 - d. 1720)
6 Aug 1720 - 1 Feb
1728 Hinrich Diedrich
Wiese
(b. 1676 - d. 1728)
11 Feb 1728 - 22 Nov 1742 Rütger
Rulant
(b. 1665 - d. 1742)
1 Dec 1742 - 19 Oct 1754
Conrad
Widow
(b. 1686 - d. 1754)
29 Oct 1754 - 28 Jul 1783 Nicolaus
Schuback
(b. 1700 - d. 1783)
4 Aug 1783 - 12 Jan 1790
Johann Anderson
II
(b. 1717 - d. 1790)
22 Jan 1790 - 13 Nov 1801 Franz Anton
Wagner
(b. 1715 - d. 1801)
20 Nov 1801 - 13 Feb 1811 Friedrich von
Graffen (1st time) (b. 1745 - d. 1820)
18 Mar 1813 - 29 May 1813 Friedrich von
Graffen (2nd time) (s.a.)
31 May 1814 - 17 Mar 1820 Friedrich von
Graffen (3rd time) (s.a.)
25 Mar 1820 - 1 Feb 1850 Johann
Heinrich
Bartels
(b. 1761 - d. 1850)
- Line 2 -
22 Aug 1684 - 28 Mar 1704 Joachim
Lemmermann
(b. 1622 - d. 1704)
4 Apr 1704 - 30 Jun 1712
Paul Paulsen
(b.
1639 - d. 1712)
7 Jul 1712 - 30 Jun 1722
Ludwig Becceler
(b. 1644 - d. 1722)
8 Jul 1722 - 15 Nov 1729
Hans Jacob Faber
(b. 1665 - d. 1729)
23 Nov 1729 - 29 Jan 1739 Daniel
Stockfleth
(b. 1676 - d. 1739)
7 Feb 1739 - 16 Sep 1741
Johann Hermann Luis
(b. 1683 - d.
1741)
26 Sep 1741 - 20 Nov 1759 Cornelius Poppe
(b. 1691 - d. 1763)
23 Nov 1759 - 21 Apr 1780 Peter Greve
(b. 1696 - d. 1780)
28 Apr 1780 - 22 Aug 1784 Frans Doormann
(b. 1709 - d. 1784)
27 Aug 1784 - 31 Jan 1788 Johann Luis
(b. 1722 - d. 1788)
8 Feb 1788 - 12 Apr 1798
Martin Dorner
(b. 1728 - d. 1798)
20 Apr 1798 - 31 Dec 1810 Daniel Lienau
(1st
time)
(b. 1739 - d. 1816)
18 Mar 1813 - 29 May 1813 Daniel Lienau
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
31 May 1814 - 5 Jun 1816 Daniel
Lienau (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
12 Jun 1816 - 6 Jul 1821 Christian
Matthias Schröder
(b. 1741 - d. 1821)
13 Jul 1821 - 26 Apr 1829 Johann Daniel
Koch
(b. 1742 - d. 1829)
4 May 1829 - 24 Feb 1835
Martin Garlieb Sillem
(b. 1769 - d. 1835)
2 Mar 1835 - 5 Mar
1851 Christian Daniel
Benecke
(b. 1768 - d. 1851)
- Line 3 -
10 Mar 1697 - 6 Dec 1702 Hieronymus
Hartwig Moller (b.
1641 - d. 1702)
14 Dec 1702 - 28 Jul 1703 Julius Surland
(b. 1658 - d. 1703)
4 Aug 1703 - 28 Jan 1723
Gerhard Schröder
(b. 1659 -
d. 1723)
5 Feb 1723 - 3 May
1743 Johann Anderson I
(b.
1674 - d. 1743)
14 May 1743 - 23 May 1749 Nicolaus
Stampeel
(b. 1673 - d. 1749)
3 Jun 1749 - 3 Dec
1750 Clemens Samuel Lipstorp
(b. 1696 - d. 1750)
17 Dec 1750 - 27 Jul 1751 Lucas von
Spreckelsen
(b. 1691 - d. 1751)
3 Aug 1751 - 9 Jan
1765 Lucas Corthum
(b. 1688 - d. 1765)
17 Jan 1765 - 20 Mar 1781 Vincent Rumpff
(b. 1701 - d. 1781)
28 Mar 1781 - 22 Aug 1800 Jacob Albrecht
von Sienen
(b. 1768 - d. 1837)
29 Aug 1800 - 16 Oct 1802 Peter Hinrich
Widow
(b. 1736 - d. 1802)
23 Oct 1802 - 31 Dec 1810 Wilhelm Amsinck
(1st
time)
(b. 1752 - d. 1831)
18 Mar 1813 - 29 May 1813 Wilhelm Amsinck
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
31 May 1814 - 21 Jun 1831 Wilhelm Amsinck
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
29 Jun 1831 - 14 Dec 1842 Amandus
Augustin
Abendroth
(b. 1767 - d. 1842)
23 Dec 1842 - 31 Dec 1860 Heinrich
Kellinghusen
(b. 1796 - d. 1879)
- Line 4 -
3 Nov 1687 - 28 Aug 1717
Peter Lütkens II
(b. 1636 -
d. 1717)
7 Sep 1717 - 26 Dec 1732
Garlieb Sillem
(b. 1676 - b. 1732)
6 Jan 1733 - 11 Jan 1751
Martin Lucas Schele
(b. 1683 - d. 1751)
19 Jan 1751 - 20 Nov 1774 Martin
Hieronymus Schele (b.
1699 - d. 1774)
29 Nov 1774 - 5 Sep 1778 Johann
Schlüter
(b. 1715 -
d. 1778)
11 Sep 1778 - 3 Jan 1786 Albert
Schulte
(b. 1716 - d. 1786)
11 Jan 1786 - 28 Aug 1807 Johann Adolf
Poppe
(b. 1727 - d. 1807)
4 Sep 1807 - 31 Dec 1810
Johann Arnold Heise (1st time)
(b. 1747 - d. 1834)
18 Mar 1813 - 29 May 1813 Johann Arnold
Heise (2nd time) (s.a.)
31 May 1814 - 5 Mar 1834 Johann
Arnold Heise (3rd time) (s.a.)
12 Mar 1834 - 19 Aug 1835 Martin
Hieronymus Schrötteringk (b. 1768 - d.
1835)
26 Aug 1835 - 24 Nov 1843 David
Schlüter
(b. 1758 - d. 1844)
27 Nov 1843 - 25 Jan 1855 Johann Ludwig
Dammert
(b. 1788 - d.
1855)
31 Jan 1855 - 31 Dec 1860 Nicolaus
Binder
(b. 1785 - d. 1863)
First mayors
2 Jan 1861 - 31 Dec 1862
Friedrich Sieveking (1st time)
(b. 1798 - d. 1872)
1 Jan 1863 - 31 Dec 1864
Nicolaus Ferdinand Haller
(1st
time)
(b. 1805 - d. 1876)
1 Jan 1865 - 31 Dec 1865
Friedrich Sieveking (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1866 - 31 Dec 1867
Nicolaus Ferdinand Haller
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1868 - 31 Dec 1868
Friedrich Sieveking (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1869 - 31 Dec 1869
Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer
(1st
time)
(b. 1808 - d. 1887)
1 Jan 1870 - 31 Dec 1870
Nicolaus Ferdinand Haller
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1871 - 31 Dec 1872
Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1873 - 31 Dec 1873
Nicolaus Ferdinand Haller
(4th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1874 - 31 Dec 1874
Hermann
Gossler
(b. 1802 - d. 1877)
1 Jan 1875 - 31 Dec 1875
Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1876 - 31 Dec 1877
Carl Friedrich Petersen (1st time) (b. 1809 - d. 1892)
1 Jan 1878 - 31 Dec 1878
Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer
(4th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1879 - 31 Dec 1879
Hermann Anthony Cornelius Weber
(1st
time)
(b. 1822 - d. 1886)
1 Jan 1880 - 31 Dec 1880
Carl Friedrich Petersen (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1881 - 31 Dec 1881
Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer
(5th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1882 - 31 Dec 1882
Hermann Anthony Cornelius Weber
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1883 - 31 Dec 1883
Carl Friedrich Petersen (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1884 - 31 Dec 1884
Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer
(6th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1885 - 31 Dec 1885
Hermann Anthony Cornelius Weber
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1886 - 31 Dec 1886
Carl Friedrich Petersen (4th time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1887 -3/4 Mar 1887
Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer
(7th
time)
(s.a.)
14 Mar 1887 - 31 Dec 1888 Johannes Georg
Andreas Versmann
(1st
time)
(b. 1820 - d. 1899)
1 Jan 1889 - 31 Dec 1889
Carl Friedrich Petersen (5th time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1890 - 31 Dec 1890
Johannes Georg Mönckeberg
(1st
time)
(b. 1839 - d. 1908)
1 Jan 1891 - 31 Dec 1891
Johannes Georg Andreas Versmann
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1892 - 14 Nov 1892
Carl Friedrich Petersen (6th time) (s.a.)
14 Nov 1892 - 31 Dec 1893 Johannes Georg
Mönckeberg
(s.a.)
(acting to 31 Dec 1892)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 1894 - 31 Dec 1894
Johannes Georg Andreas Versmann
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1895 - 31 Dec 1895
Johannes Christian Eugen Lehmann
(1st
time)
(b. 1826 - d. 1901)
1 Jan 1896 - 31 Dec 1896
Johannes Georg Mönckeberg
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1897 - 31 Dec 1897
Johannes Georg Andreas Versmann
(4th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1898 - 31 Dec 1898
Johannes Christian Eugen Lehmann
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1899 - 31 Dec 1899
Johannes Georg Mönckeberg
(4th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1900 - 15 Sep 1900
Johannes Christian Eugen Lehmann
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
15 Sep 1900 - 31 Dec 1901 Georg Hachmann
(1st
time)
(b. 1838 - d. 1904)
(acting to 19 Nov 1900)
1 Jan 1902 - 31 Dec 1902
Johannes Georg Mönckeberg
(5th
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1903 - 31 Dec 1903
Johann Heinrich Burchard
(1st
time)
(b. 1852 - d. 1912)
1 Jan 1904 - 5 Jul
1904 Georg Hachmann (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
5 Jul 1904 - 31 Dec 1905
Johannes Georg
Mönckeberg
(s.a.)
(6th time)(acting to 11 Jul 1904)
1 Jan 1906 - 31 Dec 1906
Johann Heinrich Burchard
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1907 - 31 Dec 1907
Johann Otto
Stammann
(b. 1835 - d. 1909)
1 Jan 1908 - 27 Mar 1908
Johannes Georg Mönckeberg
(7th
time)
(s.a.)
27 Mar 1908 - 31 Dec 1909 Johann Heinrich
Burchard
(3rd time)(acting to 3 Apr 1908) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1910 - 31 Dec 1911
Max Predöhl (1st
time)
(b. 1854 - d. 1923)
1 Jan 1912 - 6 Sep
1912 Johann Heinrich Burchard
(4th
time)
(s.a.)
6 Sep 1912 - 31 Dec 1913
Carl August Schröder (1st time) (b.
1855 - d. 1945)
(acting to 13 Sep 1912)
1 Jan 1914 - 31 Dec 1914
Max Predöhl (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1915 - 31 Dec 1915
Werner von Melle (1st
time) (b. 1853
- d. 1937) Non-party
1 Jan 1916 - 31 Dec 1916
Carl August Schröder (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1917 - 31 Dec 1917
Max Predöhl (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1918 - 12 Nov 1918
Werner von Melle (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Non-party
Hanau
Map of Hanau |
Capital: Hanau
(Hanau-Lichtenberg: Buchsweiler 1410-1736)
|
Population:
70,000
(1802) |
20 Mar
1143
Hanau first mentioned as Hagenouwa.
13th
cent.
Lordship of Hanau (Herrschaft Hanau).
11 Dec 1429
County of Hanau (Grafschaft Hanau)
elevated by Emperor
Sigismund.
Jan 1458 - 21 Jan 1642 Partitioned
between the family into (called from 1480) Hanau-
Lichtenberg and (called from 1496)
Hanau-Münzenberg.
1631 - 13 Jun
1636
Hanau occupied by the Swedes.
21 Jan 1642
Reunited by Hanau-Lichtenberg.
1670 -
1685
Under Imperial curatorship.
30 Mar 1685 - 4 Oct 1712 Re-divided between
Hanau-Lichtenberg and
Hanau-Münzenberg.
28 Mar 1736
County
of Hanau-Lichtenberg inherited by Hesse-Darmstadt and
the County of Hanau-Münzenberg inherited by Hesse-Kassel.
31 Oct 1785 - 4 Nov 1806
Under administration of Hesse-Kassel.
4 Nov 1806 - 16 May 1810
French occupation.
16 May 1810 - 1813
Part of Grand
Duchy of Frankfurt
(as département de Hanau).
31 Oct 1813 - 2 Dec 1813
Hanau occupied by the Allies.
2 Dec
1813
Incorporated into Hesse-Kassel (as Fürstentum Hanau).
1 Oct
1867
Annexed to Prussia.
Hanau-Lichtenberg
Counts (title Graf zu Hanau)
19 Nov 1625 - 14 Feb 1641 Philipp Wolfgang
(b. 1595
- d. 1641)
14 Feb 1641 - 30 Mar 1685 Friedrich Casimir
(b. 1623 - d. 1685)
30 Mar 1685 - 28 Mar 1736 Johann Reinhard
III
(b. 1665 - d. 1736)
Hanau-Münzenberg
Counts (title Graf zu Hanau)
3 Aug 1638 - 12 Nov 1641 Philipp
Ludwig III (b.
1632 - d. 1641)
12 Nov 1641 - 12 Jan 1642 Johann Ernst
(b. 1613 - d. 1642)
21 Jan 1642 - 30 Mar 1685 Friedrich Casimir
(s.a.)
30 Mar 1685 - 4 Oct 1712
Philipp Reinhard
II
(b. 1664 - d. 1712)
4 Oct 1712 -
28 Mar 1736 Johann Reinhard III
(s.a.)
Hesse-Kassel Governors
c.1788
Wilhelm Maximilian August (b.
1712 - d. 1798)
von Ditfurth
c.1790 - c.1794
Heinrich Julius von Kospoth
(b. 1724 - d. 1801)
c.1798 - 13 Mar 1806
Georg Christoph Wilhelm Adam
(b. 1738 - d. 1806)
von Dalwigk
French
Governor
4 Nov 1806 - 16 May 1810 François Christophe
Kellerman,(b. 1735 - d. 1820)
duc de Valmy
Intendant
4 Nov 1806 - 16 May
1810 Julien Alexandre Marcotte de
(b. 1768 - d. 1837)
Forceville
Prefects of Hanau Department (of the Grand Duchy
of Frankfurt)
1 Jan 1811 - 3 Mar 1813 Heinrich
Friedrich Conrad (b. 1784 - d.
1848)
Freiherr von und zu der Tann
3 Mar 1813 - Oct/Nov 1813 Carl Albrecht Wilhelm
von Auer(b. 1748 - d. 1830)
Hanover (Hannover)
-
- c.1692 - 22 Jul 1837
Unofficial Civil Flag
|
-
- 1727 - 28 Aug 1801
-
|
-
- 28 Aug 1801 - 1 Apr
1806;
- 6 Nov 1813 - 20 Sep 1866
- (formally abolished 1 Apr
1868)
|
-
- 22 Jul 1837 - 20 Sep 1866
Civil Flag
|
|
|
Map of Hanover (1819)
and
Braunschweig-
Lüneburg
(1789)
|
Former
Royal Anthem
"Königshymne" (King's Hymn)
("Heil Dir, Hannover")
(Hail to you, Hanover)
(1837-1866)
|
Unofficial State Anthem
"Hannover, du Mein Heimatland"
(Hanover, you my Homeland)
("Hannoverlied")
(Hanover Song)
(1851-1866)
|
Constitution
(7 Dec 1819, 26 Sep
1833,
6 Aug 1840)
|
Capital: Hanover
(Hannover) |
Currency: Hannover/North German
Thaler (XDST) (1754-1808, 1813-1817); German
Convention Thaler (XDCT) (1817-1854); North German
Thaler (XDET)(1854-1857); German Vereinsthaler
(XDNT) (1857-1866) |
State Holiday:
Birthday of the King
(unofficial) |
Population: 1,923,492 (1864)
908,000 (1802)
|
Military: 26,700 (1860)
Merchant marine: 866 sea-going vessels
(1864) |
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions:
Protestant 87%, Roman Catholic 12%, Jewish 1%
(1860) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1854-1866), ITU |
- 1286
Fürstentum Göttingen detached
from Brunswick.
- 23 Nov
1432
Fürstentum Calenberg detached
from Brunswick.
- 6 Feb
1463
Calenberg and Göttingen merged into Fürstentum
-
Calenberg-Göttingen.
- 19 Dec
1692
The ruler of Calenberg-Göttingen is made a
prince-elector
-
of the Holy Roman Empire; the polity is styled
-
Kurfürstentum Braunschweig und Lüneburg;
the abbreviation
-
Kurbraunschweig is also in
official use, and the style
-
Kurfürstentum Hannover (from
the name of the capital city)
-
come into gradual official use also; the change in Erzamt
-
("arch-office") in the ruler's style in 1710 and the
-
technically incorrect retention of the new one in 1714
are
-
the indirect result of corresponding changes for the
rulers
-
of Bavaria (Bayern) and the
Palatinate (Pfalz).
- 1 Aug 1714
- 20 Jun 1837 Personal union with Great Britain.
- 26 Jul 1757 - Nov
1757 Occupied by France.
- 4 Jun 1803
- 26 Oct 1805 Occupied by France.
- 26 Oct 1805 - 14 Dec
1805 Occupied by Prussia.
- 14 Dec 1805 - 7 Feb
1806 Occupied by Britain.
- 7 Feb 1806 - 1 Apr
1806 Occupied by Prussia.
- 1 Apr
1806
Annexed to Prussia.
- 12 Nov
1806
Occupied by France.
- 1 Mar 1810
- 29 Oct 1813 Incorporated into Kingdom of Westphalia.
- 29 Oct 1813 - 6 Nov
1813 Allied administration.
- 6 Nov
1813
Electorate restored.
- 12 Oct
1814
Kingdom of Hanover (Königreich Hannover).
- 17 Jun 1866
Occupied by
Prussia.
- 20 Sep
1866
Annexation by Prussia.
Dukes and Electors (title Herzog zu
Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Erzbannerträger
[from 1710 Erzschatzmeister] und
Kurfürst des Heiligen Römischen Reiches - Duke of
Brunswick and Lüneburg,
Archbannerbearer [then Archtreasurer] and Prince-elector
of
the Holy Roman Empire)
19 Dec 1692 - 2 Feb 1698
Ernst
August
(b. 1629 - d. 1698)
2 Feb 1698 - 22 Jun 1727
Georg
I
(b. 1660 - d. 1727)
22 Jun 1727 - 25 Oct 1760 Georg
II
(b. 1683 - d. 1760)
26 Jul 1757 - Nov
1757 Louis Charles César le
tellier (b. 1695 - d. 1771)
d'Estrées, marquis de
Courtanvaux -French Military governor
25 Oct 1760 - 1 Mar 1810
Georg III (1st
time)
(b. 1738 - d. 1820)
French Military Governors
4 Jun 1803 - Feb
1804 Édouard Alphonse Casimir
Joseph (b. 1768 - d. 1835)
Mortier (1st time)
Feb 1804 - 17 Jun
1804 Jean Joseph Paul
Augustin
(b. 1767 - d. 1828)
Dessolles
17 Jun 1804 - Sep
1805 Jean-Baptiste Jules
Bernadotte (b. 1763 - d. 1844)
Sep 1805 - Oct 1805
Gabriel Barbou
Descourières (b.
1761 - d. 1816)
Regent
26 Oct 1805 - 27 Jan 1806 Karl Wilhelm
Ferdinand Herzog (b. 1735
- d. 1806)
von Braunschweig
British Expedition Commander
14 Dec 1805 - 7 Feb 1806 William Schaw
Cathcart, Earl (b. 1755 - d. 1844)
Cathcart
Prussian Military Governor
7 Feb 1806 - 1 Apr 1806
Freidrich Wilhelm Graf von der
(b. 1742 - d. 1815)
Schulenburg-Kehnert
President of the Administrative Commission
1 Apr 1806 - 12 Nov
1806 Karl Heinrich Ludwig
Freiherr (b. 1753 - d.
1831)
von Ingersleben
French Military Governors of
Hanover
12 Nov 1806 - 1806
Édouard
Alphonse Casimir Joseph (s.a.)
Mortier (2nd time)
1806 - Dec 1806
Jean Adam de
Schramm
(b. 1760 - d.
1826)
4 Dec 1806 - 1
Mar 1810 Jean Jacques Bernardin Colaud
de (b. 1759 - d. 1834)
la
Salcette
French Intendant of
Hanover
10 Dec 1806 - 1 Mar 1810 Charles
Godefroy Redon de
(b. 1748 - d. 1820)
Belleville
1 Mar 1810 - 29 Oct 1813 part
of the Kingdom of Westphalia
Allied Military Governors
29 Oct 1813 - 4 Nov 1813 Ludwig
Georg Thedel Graf
von (b. 1769 - d.
1862)
Wallmoden-Gimborn (Austria)
4 Nov 1813 - 24 Oct 1816
Adolph Frederick, Duke
(b. 1774 - d. 1850)
of Cambridge (U.K.)
Duke and Elector (title s.a.)
6 Nov 1813 - 12 Oct 1814
Georg III (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Kings (title König von Hannover, Herzog
zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg)
12 Oct 1814 - 29 Jan 1820 Georg
III
(s.a.)
29 Jan 1820 - 26 Jan 1830 Georg
IV
(b. 1762 - d. 1830)
(regent for Georg III to 29 Jan 1820)
26 Jan 1830 - 20 Jun 1837
Wilhelm
(b. 1765 - d. 1837)
20 Jun 1837 - 18 Nov 1851 Ernst
August
(b. 1771 - d. 1851)
18 Nov 1851 - 20 Sep 1866 Georg
V
(b. 1819 - d. 1878)
(in
Austria exile from 27 Jun 1866)
Prussian Governors-general
17 Jun 1866 - 28 Aug 1866 Ernst Friedrich
Eduard Vogel von (b. 1797 - d. 1885)
Falckenstein (acting)
28 Aug 1866 - 17 Sep 1867 Konstantin
Bernhard von Voigts- (b. 1809 - d.
1877)
Rhetz
Chief ministers
1680 - 14 Jan 1709
Franz Ernst Graf von Platen-
(b. 1631 - d. 1709)
Hallermund
1709 - 1714
Andreas Gottlieb Freiherr
von (b. 1649 - d. 1726)
Bernstorff
1714? -
1728
Friedrich Wilhelm von Schlitz-
(b. 1647 - d. 1728)
Görtz
1728? - 1732?
Heinrich Albert von dem
Busche (b. 1664 - d. 1734)
1732 - 1732
Christian Ulrich von Hardenberg
(b. 1663 - d. 1732)
1735 -
1753
Heinrich von Grote Freiherr
zu (b. 1675 - d. 1753)
Schauen
1753 - 1769
Gerlach Adolph von Münchhausen
(b. 1688- d. 1770)
(officially prime minister from
1765)
1769 - 1771
Levin Adolph
Hake
(b. 1708 - d. 1771)
1771
Burchard Christian von Behr
(b. 1714 - d. 1771)
1771 -
1779
Albrecht Friedrich von Lenthe
(b. 1707 - d. 1779)
1779 - 1792
Detlev Alexander von
Wenkstern (b. 1708 - d. 1792)
1792 - 1803/06
Carl Rudolph August Graf von
(b. 1731 - d. 1810)
Kielmansegg
French Executive Commission
Jun 1803 - 26 Oct 1805 Christoph
Ludwig Albrecht Batje
+
Friedrich Franz Dieterich von (b. 1759 - d.
1836)
Bremer
Chief ministers
1813 - 29 Mar
1823
Claus von der Decken
(b. 1742 - d. 1826)
1823 -
1832
Friedrich Franz Dietrich von
Bremer(s.a.)
(from 1830, Friedrich Franz Dietrich Graf von
Bremer)
1832 -
1837
Carl August Graf von Alten
(b. 1764 - d. 1840)
24 Oct 1816 - 20 Jun 1837 Adolph
Frederick,
(s.a.)
Duke of Cambridge (governor-general;
from 22 Feb 1831, viceroy)
Ministers of State
28 Jun 1837 - Jun 1844
Georg Freiherr von Schele
zu (b. 1771 - d.
1844)
Schelenburg
1844 -
1848
Georg Freidrich Freiherr von
(b. 1783 - d. 1850)
Falcke
20 Mar 1848 - 28 Mar 1848 Alexander Levin
Graf Bennigsen (b. 1809 - d.
1893)
Minister-presidents
28 Mar 1848 - 28 Oct 1850 Alexander Levin
Graf Bennigsen (s.a.)
28 Oct 1850 - 22 Nov 1851 Alexander
Freiherr von Müchhausen (b. 1813 - d. 1886)
22 Nov 1851 - 21 Nov 1853 Eduard Freiherr
von Schele zu (b. 1805 -
d. 1875)
Schelenburg
22 Nov 1853 - Jul 1855
Eduard Christian von
Lütcken (b. 1800 -
d. 1865)
29 Jul 1853 - Dec 1862
Eduard Graf Kielmansegg-Gülzow
(b. 1804 - d. 1872)
9 Dec 1862 - 21 Oct 1865 Wilhelm
Freiherr von Hammerstein (b. 1801 - d. 1872)
21 Oct 1865 - 28 Jun 1866 Georg Heinrich
Jusutus Bacmeister (b. 1807 - d. 1890)
Prussian Civil Commissioner
19 Jun 1866 - 17 Sep 1867 Hans Freiherr von
Hardenberg (b. 1824
- d. 1887)
Ministers of the German (or Hanoverian) Chancery
(resident in London)
(Hannoverscher Geheimer Rat und
Gesandter)
1714 - 1717
Andreas Gottlieb Freiherr
von (s.a.)
Bernstorff
1720 - 1730
Johann Caspar Graf von Bothmer
(b. 1656 - d. 1732)
1725 - 1727
Christian Ulrich von Hardenberg
(b. 1663 - d. 1735)
1727 - 1737
Johann Philipp von Hattorf
(b. 1682 - d. 1737)
1737 - 1748
Ernst von Steinberg
(b. 1692 - d. 1759)
1748 -
1762
Philipp Adolf von Münchhausen (b.
1694 - d. 1762)
1762 - 26 Dec
1771
Burchard Christian von Behr
(b. 1714 - d. 1771)
1771 - 16 May
1795
Johann Friedrich Karl von
(b. 1714 - d. 1795)
Alvensleben
1795
Georg August von
Steinberg (b.
1739 - d. 1801)
1795 -
1805
Ernst Ludwig Julius von Lenthe (b. 1744 -
d. 1814)
May 1805 - 12 Feb 1831
Ernst Friedrich Herbert Graf
zu (b. 1766 - d. 1839)
Münster-Ledenburg
13 Feb 1831 - 20 Jun 1837 Ludwig von
Ompteda
(b. 1767 - d. 1854)
Harmersbach
1218
Harmersbach
Valley, a dependency of Zell am Harmersbach
free
imperial city (legally attached to Zell in 1689).
1718
Imperial Valley of Harmersbach (Reichstal
Harmersbach) created
by Zell to renouncing its sovereignty over the
valley.
27 Apr 1803
Annexed to Baden.
Imperial Bailiffs (Reichsvogt)
1647 – 14 Nov
1673
Michael Krantz,
Sr.
(d. 1673)
1694 - 21 Sep
1721
Michael Krantz, Jr.
(b. 1656 - d. 1721)
1721 -
1729
....
1729 – 7 Nov
1776
Franz
Harter
(b. 1700 – d. 1776)
(suspended 1748 – 1758)
1748 -
1758
Council of Twelve
(acting for suspended Hartner)
13 Jan 1777 –
1803
Hans Georg
Bruder
(b. 1736 – d. 1817)
Heggbach
16 Apr 1231
Cistercians of Heggbach.
12 Apr
1234
Pope Gregory took the monastery under his personal
protection.
1248
Abbot Eberhard II elevated Heggbach to an abbey (Stift
Heggbach).
21 Apr
1429
Abbesses made Princesses of Empire, imperial
immediacy
(Reichsabtei Heggbach).
5 Jul 1481
Emperor Frederick III took
the monastery of Heggbach under his
protection as supreme bailiff.
Aug 1556 - Dec 1546 Biberach
peasant occupied the monastery.
1713
Emperor Karl VI confirmed
the privileges of the chapter.
27 Apr
1803
Abbey secularized by Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
and properties
given to
Johann Maria Rudolf Reichsgraf Waldbott von
Bassenheim
(b. 1731
- d. 1805) as Lordship of Heggbach (Herrschaft
Heggbach)
in
compensation for loss of Pyrmont.
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Württemberg.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstäbtissin zu
Heggbach)
1687 -
1700
Maria Barbara IV
Hager
(d. 1715)
1700 -
1712
Maria Magdalena Sohler
1712 -
1742
Maria Cäcilia II Constanza Schmid
(b. 1671 - d. 1742)
1742 -
1773
Maria Aleydis Zech
(b. 1713 - d. 1773)
1773 -
1792
Maria Juliana
Kurz
(b. 1726 - d. 1792)
1792 -
1803
Maria Anne
Vogel
(b. 1752 - d. 1835)
Lords of Heggbach (title Herr der Herrschaften
Bassenheim, Heggbach
und Reiffenberg und Kransberg)
27 Apr 1803 - 15 Feb 1805 Johann Maria Rudolf
Reichsgraf (b. 1731 - d. 1805)
Waldbott von Bassenheim
15 Feb 1805 - 12 Jul 1806 Friedrich Karl Franz
Rudolf Graf (b. 1779 - d. 1830)
Waldbott von
Bassenheim
Heilbronn
1556 - 27 Apr 1803
|
Map of Heilbronn
|
Capital: Heilbronn
|
Population: 55,800
(1804)
|
1371
Free Imperial City, from 1552
three "succession lines"
can be
distinguished.
1647 - 1648
French occupation.
16 Sep 1802
Occupied by Württemberg.
27 Apr
1803
Dissolved by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
and ceded to the
Duke of Württemberg
(as part of Neuwürttemberg).
7 Jan
1806
Neuwürttemberg incorporated into Württemberg.
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
- Line 1 -
1695 - 8 Jan 1698
Johann Georg Pfitzer
(b. 1629 - d. 1698)
1698 - 29 Jul 1733 Georg
Friedrich von Pancug (b.
1653 - d. 1733)
1733 - 10 Oct 1734
Johann Bernhard Orth
(b. 1677 - d. 1734)
1734 - 24 Jun 1757
Johannes Schübler
(b. 1686 - d. 1757)
1758 - 22 Apr 1781 Georg
Philipp Mylius
(b. 1696 - d. 1781)
1781 - 13 Mar 1783
Georg Heinrich von Pancug
(b. 1717 - d. 1783)
1784 - 23 Nov 1802
Georg Christoph Kornacher
(b. 1725 - d. 1803)
- Line 2 -
1683 - 6 Oct 1716
Johann David Feyerabend
(b. 1643 - d. 1716)
1717 - 1731
Johann Heinrich Orth
(b. 1653 - d. 1733)
1732 - 22 Dec 1733 Johann
Georg Becht
(b. 1661 - d. 1733)
1734 - 3 Dec 1740
Wilhelm Ludwig Bardili
(b. 1698 - d. 1740)
1741 - 1765
Esaias Meyer
(b. 1684 - d. 1771)
1766 - 15 Mar 1769
Franz Leonhard Roth
(b. 1706 - d. 1769)
1770 - 16 Jun 1794 Georg
Heinrich von Rosskampff (b. 1720 -
d. 1794)
1795 - 21 Aug 1795
Heinrich Karl Philibert Orth (b.
1733 - d. 1795)
1796 - 1801
Eberhard Ludwig Becht
(b. 1732 - d. 1803)
1802 - 1803
Christian Ludwig Schübler
(b. 1754 - d. 1820)
- Line 3 -
1695 - 23 Jun 1726
Johann Esaias von Rühle
(b. 1655 - d. 1726)
1727 - 23 Dec 1729 Johann
Georg Geiling
(b. 1657 - d. 1729)
1730 - 17 Jun 1732 Adam
Christian Wacks
(b. 1675 - d. 1732)
1732 - 7 Sep 1753
Johann Ludwig Kübel
(b. 1684 - d. 1753)
1754 - 2 Jan 1769
Georg Heinrich Orth
(b. 1698 - d. 1769)
1769 - 1803
Gottlob Moriz Christian von
Wacks (b. 1720 - d. 1807)
Heligoland: see under Germany
Heitersheim
-
![[Knights of St. John Hospitaller (Order
of Malta)] [Knights of St.
John Hospitaller (Order of Malta)]](smom.gif)
- 1248 - 25 Jul 1806
|
1154
The Order of St. John found
their first settlement on German soil
outside
the walls of the city of Duisburg. The commandery in the
Eifelstädtchen Adenau founded in 1162.
1156
Emperor Frederick I "Barbarossa" confirmed all possessions
in the
Holy Roman Empire to the Orden vom Hospital des
Heiligen Johannes
zu
Jerusalem (Latin: Ordo Hospitalis sancti
Johannis
Ierosolimitani). In 1185, he placed the Order under
his protection
and
exempted it from paying all taxes.
1272
Lordship of Heitersheim (Herrschaft Heitersheim),
Ritter Gottfried
von
Staufen donates Heitersheim to the Freiburg Commandery
of
Knights of St. John, which becomes a
1419
Heitersheim a Commandery of the Order.
1505
Heitersheim seat of the Grandpriory of the Order of St. John
of
Jerusalem, and Rhodes [from 1530 Malta] Hospitaller
("Johanniterorden") in the Holy Roman Empire
(designated in 1428).
1428
Heitersheim obtained imperial immediacy (reichsunmittelbar).
May
1525
The Knights Heitersheim castle is plundered by rebellious
peasants.
1538
The Ballei of Brandenburg (in Sonnenburg) converts to
Lutheranism,
but the Ballei continues to pay subsidies and reported the
election
of masters to the Order.
1548
Grand Priors are made Princes (Fürstprior) of the
Empire and
raised the
lordship to Principality of Heitersheim (Fürstentum
Heitersheim) by Emperor Karl V.
25 Feb
1803
Heitersheim expanded by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
with the
addition
of the possessions of the Bishop of Basel on the right-
bank of
the Rhine, as well as the possessions of the St. Blasien
Monastery
(Klosters Sankt Blasien).
28 Jan
1806
Breisgau handed over to Baden, Heitersheim was considered
a Breisgau
fief, but
takeover of Heitersheim is delayed by several months
due to the protests of the Grand Prior and the
citizens.
12 Jun
1806
Confederation of the Rhine Act calls for its annexation to
Baden.
22 Jul
1806
Heitersheim incorporated into Baden.
30 Oct
1810
Bailiwick of Brandenburg and the associated commanderies
are
abolished
by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia
(effected
23 Jan 1811).
Grand Priors of Germany of the Order of St. John
and Imperial Princes of Heitersheim
(title Grossprior von
Deutschland des Johanniterordens und Reichsfürst von
Heitersheim)
1683 - 1703
Hermann II Freiherr
von (b. 1666 -
d. 1704)
Wachtendonk
1703 - 20 Oct
1721
Bernhard Wilhelm Freiherr von (b.
16.. - d. 1721)
Rheide
(Rhede)
6 Nov 1721
- 8 Dec 1727 Goswin Hermann Otto Freiherr
von (b. 1661 - d. 1727)
Merveldt
1727 - 1753
Philipp
Wilhelm Graf von Nesselrode(b. 1678 - d. 1753)
und Reichenstein
1753 - 10 Dec
1754
Philipp Joachim Freiherr Vogt von (b. 1679 - d.
1754)
Alten-Sumeran und Prassberg
17 Feb 1755 - 6 Mar 1775 Johann
Baptist Freiherr von (b. 1702
- d. 1775)
Schauenburg und
Herlisheim
6 Apr 1775 - 18 Aug 1777
Franz Christoph Sebastian
(b. 1689 - d. 1777)
Freiherr von Remchingen
20 Aug 1777 - 4 Oct 1796 Johann
Joseph Benedikt Graf von (b. 1710 - d.
1796)
von Reinach zu Fuchsmänningen
(Foussemagne)
12 Dec 1796 - 22 Jul 1806 Ignaz Balthazar
Willibald Freiherr (b. 1721 - d.
1807)
Rink von Baldenstein
Chancellor of the Grand Priory of Germany of the
Order of Malta in Heitersheim
(title Kanzler des Grosspriorates von Deutschland
des Malteserordens in Heitersheim)
1786 - 22 Jul 1806
Joseph Albrecht von
Ittner
(b. 1754 - d. 1825)
Herford
832
Benedictine Abbey of Herford (Abbatia
Herfordiensis/Stift Herford).
839
Becomes an Imperial Abbey (Reichsabtei
Herford).
1147
Granted Reichsunmittelbarkeit (Reichsfrauenstift
Herford).
1170/80
Herford acquired
municipal rights.
1523
Abbesses also the Princesses of the Empire.
1533
Herford Abbey becomes Protestant during
the Reformation.
1631 -
1652
Herford city a free imperial city (Reichsstadt
Herford)
(but annexed to Brandenburg in 1652).
27 Apr
1803
Annexed by Prussia.
28 Aug 1807 -
1813
Part of the Kingdom of Westphalia.
1813 -
1815
Allied occupation.
9 Jun
1815
Incorporated into Prussia.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstäbtissin zu
Herford)
23 Jun 1688 - 1 Dec
1728 Charlotte Sophie Herzogin
von (b. 1651 - d.
1728)
Kurland
1697 -
1698
Maria Elisabeth Pfalzgräfin bei (b. 1666 -
d. 1699)
Rhein -Co-adjutor
4 Feb 1729 - 31 Mar
1750 Johanna Charlotte Fürstin von
(b. 1682 - d.
1750)
Anhalt-Dessau
13 Oct 1729 - 16 Apr
1734 Prinzessin Sophie
Dorothea Marie (b. 1719 - d. 1765)
in
Preussen -Co-adjutor
26 May 1743 - 26 Jan 1745 Anna Amalie
von Preussen -Co-adjutor(b.
1723 - d. 1787)
29 May 1745 - 13
Oct 1764 Hedwig Sophie Auguste
Herzogin (b. 1705 - d.
1764)
von Holstein-Gottorp
(co-adjutor to 31 Mar 1750)
7 Mar 1755 - 27 Apr
1803 Friederike Charlotte Leopoldine Luise
Prinzessin von
Brandenburg- (b.
1745 - d. 1808)
Schwedt (co-adjutor to 13 Oct 1764)
12 Jul 1766 - 1777
Christine Charlotte von
Hessen- (b. 1725 - d. 1782)
Kassel -Co-adjutor
1777 - 5 Dec
1793 Henriette
Amalie Prinzessin von (b. 1720 - d.
1793)
Anhalt-Dessau -Co-adjutor
1794 - 1796
Friederike Dorothea Luise
(b. 1770 - d. 1836)
Philippine Prinzessin von
Preussen -Co-adjutor
30 May 1796 - 25 Jan 1802
Auguste Maria Karoline von Nassau (b. 1764 -
d. 1802)
-Weilburg -Co-adjutor
Hesse-Darmstadt
![[Hesse-Darmstadt
Civil Flag 1791-1918 (Germany)] [Hesse-Darmstadt Civil
Flag 1791-1918 (Germany)]](de-hesse.gif)
1791 - 9 Nov 1918 Civil Flag
|
16 Mar 1839 - 1903 State Flag
|
![[Grand
Duchy of Hesse state flag, 1903-1918 (Germany)] [Grand Duchy of Hesse
state flag, 1903-1918 (Germany)]](de_hess4.gif)
1903 - 9 Nov 1918 State Flag
|
Map
of Hesse (1815)
and
Hesse-Darmstadt
(1789)
|
State
Anthem
"Hessenlied"
(Song of Hesse)
(unofficial,
c.1910-1918) |
Royal Anthem
"Heil unserm Fürsten, Heil!"
(Hail to our Prince, Hail!)
(1806-1918)
|
Constitution
(17 Dec 1820)
|
Capital: Darmstadt
(Gudensberg 1277-1300,
Marburg 1265-1277,
Kassel 1300-1567) |
Currency: German Convention
Thaler (XDCT) (1761-1838); South German Gulden
(XDEG) (1838-1857); German Vereinsgulden (XDSG)
(1857-1872) |
State Holiday:
Birthday of the Grand Duke (unofficial) |
Population: 1,282,051 (1910)
968,000 (1889)
546,000 (1806)
300,000 (1802)
|
Military: 10,600 (1860) |
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions:
Protestant 71%, Roman Catholic 26%, Jewish 3%
(1860)
|
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1834-1871), ICRM |
1264
Landgraviate of Hesse (Landgrafschaft Hessen)
founded.
1308 -
1311
Partitioned into "Land an der Lahn" (Marburg) and Lower
Hesse
(Kassel).
1458 - 1500
Partitioned into Upper Hesse and Lower Hesse.
1547 -
1552
Imperial administration.
31 Mar
1567
Division into four lines, conventionally styled Hesse-Cassel,
Hesse-Marburg (extinct 1604), Hesse-Rheinfels (extinct
1583),
and Hesse-Darmstadt.
13 Aug
1806
Grand Duchy of Hesse (informally, until 1866,
Hesse-Darmstadt)(Grossherzogtum Hessen).
7 Jul
1816
Ruler styled Grossherzog von Hessen und bei
Rhein.
3 Sep
1866
Cedes Rheinhessen province (Mainz,
Worms, Hesse-Homburg) to Prussia.
9 Nov 1918
Republic of Hesse (Republik Hessen)
(see under German states
since 1918).
Landgraves (title Landgraf zu Hessen)
31 Aug 1678 - 12 Sep 1739 Ernst
Ludwig
(b. 1667 - d. 1739)
31 Aug 1678 - 15 Dec 1685 Elisabeth Dorothea von
Sachsen- (b. 1640 - d. 1709)
Gotha (f) -Regent
12 Sep 1739 - 17 Oct 1768 Ludwig
VIII
(b. 1691 - d. 1768)
17 Oct 1768 - 6 Apr 1790 Ludwig
IX
(b. 1719 - d. 1790)
6 Apr 1790 - 13 Aug 1806 Ludwig (Ludewig)
X
(b. 1753 - d. 1830)
Grand Dukes (title Grossherzog von Hessen [from
7 Jul 1816] und bei Rhein)
13 Aug 1806 - 6 Apr 1830 Ludwig I (=
Ludwig
X)
(s.a.)
6 Apr 1830 - 16 Jun 1848 Ludwig
II
(b. 1777 - d. 1848)
16 Jun 1848 - 13 Jun 1877 Ludwig
III
(b. 1806 - d. 1877)
13 Jun 1877 - 13 Mar 1892 Ludwig
IV
(b. 1837 - d. 1892)
13 Mar 1892 - 9 Nov 1918 Ernst
Ludwig
(b. 1868 - d. 1937)
Chancellors (kanzler)
1692 - 1704
Johann Conrad von
Seres
(d. 1704)
1704 -
1720?
Jakob von Schrödern
(d. 1729)
1720 - 6 Dec 1731
Wilhelm Ludwig von
Maskowsky (b. 1675 -
d. 1731)
Leading Ministers (Leitender
Minister)
1678 -
1702
Weiprecht Freiherr von Gemmingen- (b. 1642 - d.
1702)
Hornberg
c.1702 -
c.1739
Dietrich von
Miltitz
(b. 1664 - d. 1747)
c.1741
Hermann Riedesel Freiherr
zu (b. 1682 - d.
1745)
Eisenbach (erste staatsminister)
c.1741 - c.1754
Kilian Freiherr von Schwartzenau (b.
1687 - d. 1764)
(erster minister)
May 1745 - Nov 1747?
August Friedrich von Minnigerode (b. 1687 -
d. 1747)
(erster minister)
c.1767
Hans Weiprecht von
Gemmingen (b. 1723 -
d. 1781)
c.1767
Franz Friedrich von
Wieger
(b. 1708 - d. 1770)
(staatssekretär geheime kanzlei)
11 Apr 1772 - Apr 1780 Friedrich
Karl von
Moser
(b. 1723 - d. 1798)
1780 -
1785
Franz Wilhelm von Miltenberg
(b. 1747 - d. 1800)
1782 - 1799
Christian Hartmann Samuel Freiherr (b. 1739 -
d. 1807)
(from 1799, Reichsfreiherr) von
Gatzert
1799 - 1808
Franz Ludwig Gottfried Freiherr (b. 1738 -
d. 1808)
von
Lehmann
Ministers of State
10 Aug 1798 - 6 Feb 1805 Karl Ludwig
Freiherr von Barkhaus- (b. 1761 - d.
1823)
Wiesenhütten
1806 - 31 Jul
1819
Friedrich August Freiherr
von (b. 1755 - d. 1819)
Lichtenberg
31 Jul 1819 - 14 Feb 1829 Karl Ludwig
Wilhelm von Grolman (b. 1775 - d.
1829)
Feb 1829 - 5 Mar
1848 Karl Wilhelm Heinrich
Freiherr
Du Bos du
Thil
(b. 1777 - d. 1859)
(directing state minister)
Presidents of the Assembly of Ministers (Präsidenten
des Gesamtministeriums)
5 Mar 1848 - Jun
1848 Heinrich Wilhelm August
Freiherr (b. 1799 - d. 1880)
von Gagern
Jun 1848 - Jul
1848 Reinhard
Carl Theodor Eigenbrodt (b. 1799 - d. 1866)
16 Jul 1848 - 1 Jun 1850 Heinrich Carl
Jaup
(b. 1781 - d. 1860)
(chairman of the council of state Mar
1848 - Jun 1848)
1 Jun 1850 - 6 Apr 1871 Karl Friedrich
Reinhard Freiherr (b. 1802 - d. 1880)
von Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels
6 Apr 1871 - 13 Sep 1872 Friedrich Georg
Gustav von Bechtold(b. 1800 - d. 1872)
13 Sep 1872 - May 1876 Karl
Wilhelm
Hofmann
(b. 1827 - d. 1910)
May 1876 - 6 Jun 1880 Philip
Gustav August Julius Rinck, (b. 1825 - d. 1910)
gen. Freiherr von Starck
Chairmen of the Council of State
6 Jun 1880 - May
1884 Philip Gustav August Julius
Rinck, (s.a.)
gen. Freiherr von Starck
May 1884 -
1898
Jakob
Finger
(b. 1825 - d. 1904) DFP
1898 - 29 Jan
1906
Carl Friedrich Bernhard
Rothe (b. 1840 - d. 1906)
4 Feb 1906 - 11 Nov 1918 Christian Wilhelm
Karl von Ewald (b. 1852 - d. 1932)
Party abbreviation: DFP = Deutsche
Fortschrittspartei (German Progressive Party, liberal,
federalist, 6 Jun 1861-5 Mar 1884)
Hesse-Homburg
![[Landgraviate of Hesse (Hesse-Homburg)
bf.1848-1866 (Germany)] [Landgraviate of
Hesse (Hesse-Homburg) bf.1848-1866 (Germany)]](de-he_hh.gif)
bf.1848 - 24 Mar 1866
|
Map of
Hesse-Homburg
(1815) |
Hear State Anthem
"Heil unserm Herrscher,
Heil!"
(Hail to our Ruler, Hail!)
|
Text of State Anthem |
Constitution
(3 Jan 1850, 20 Apr 1852) |
Capital: Bad
Homburg
vor der Höhe |
Currency:
1761-1866 same as Hesse-Darmstadt |
State
Holiday:
Birthday of the Landgrave
(unofficial) |
Population: 27,563 (1865) |
Military: 330 (1860) |
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions:
Protestant 81%, Roman Catholic 15%, Jewish 4%
(1860) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1836-1866) |
7 Feb
1596
Landgraviate of Hesse (informally Hesse-Homburg)
established
under the suzerainty of Hesse-Darmstadt
(Landgrafschaft Hessen).
23 Jul
1622
Friedrich I receives Homburg, after his brother, future
Ludwig V
Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, had fallen significantly
behind
with his appanage payments (by agreement of 6 Mar 1622).
1671 -
1673
Hesse-Homburg pledged to creditors Johann Christian
Freiherr von
Boyneburg and Johann Ochs in Frankfurt am Main.
1673 - 1680
Hesse-Homburg forfeited in pledge to Hesse-Darmstadt
by the above
creditors.
1680
Hesse-Homburg re-established under the suzerainty of
Hesse-Darmstadt (Bingenheim is later restored to
Hesse-Darmstadt).
1708
Hesse-Homburg sovereign.
12 Jul
1806
Hesse-Homburg under suzerainty of Hesse-Darmstadt.
15 Jul 1816
Sovereign Landgraviate of Hesse
(Souveräne Landgrafen zu Hessen).
24 Mar
1866
Inherited by Hesse-Darmstadt.
4 Aug
1866
Occupied by Prussia.
3 Sep
1866
Ceded to Prussia.
1 Oct
1867
Incorporated into Prussia.
Landgraves (title Landgraf zu Hessen; from
1816 Souveräner Landgraf zu Hessen)
23 Jul 1622 - 9 May 1639
Friedrich
I
(b. 1585 - d. 1638)
9 May 1638 -
1669 Wilhelm Christoph
(1st time) (b. 1625 - d.
1681)
(Landgraf zu Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim 1669-27 Aug
1681)
9 May 1638 - 18 May 1648
Landgräfin Margarete Elisabeth von (b. 1640 - d. 1667)
Leiningen-Westerburg (f) -Regent
1669 - 1671
Georg Christian
(b. 1626 - d. 1677)
1671 - 1680
Hesse-Homburg pledged to creditors
1680 - 27 Aug
1681
Wilhelm Christoph (2nd time)
(s.a.)
27 Aug 1681 - 24 Jan 1708 Friedrich II "mit dem
silbernen (b. 1633 - d. 1708)
Bein"
24 Jan 1708 - 8 Jun 1746 Friedrich
III
(b. 1673 - d. 1746)
8 Jun 1746 - 7
Feb 1751 Friedrich
IV
(b. 1724 - d. 1751)
7 Feb 1751 - 20 Jan
1820 Friedrich
V
(b. 1748 - d. 1820)
7 Feb 1751 - 22 Mar 1766 Landgräfin
Ulrike Luise zu Solms- (b. 1731 - d. 1791)
Braunfels (f) -Regent
20 Jan 1820 - 2 Apr 1829 Friedrich
VI
(b. 1769 - d. 1829)
2 Apr 1829 - 19 Jan
1839
Ludwig
(b. 1770 - d. 1839)
19 Jan 1839 - 15 Dec 1846
Philipp
(b. 1779 - d. 1846)
15 Dec 1846 - 8 Sep 1848
Gustav
(b. 1781 - d. 1848)
8 Sep 1848 - 24 Mar
1866
Ferdinand
(b. 1783 - d. 1866)
Prussian Civil Commissioner
4 Aug 1866 - 30 Sep
1867 Constatin Karl Alexander Wilhelm (b.
1821 - d. 1877)
von Briesen
Conducting Privy Councillor and President
(Dirigierender Geheimer Rat und Präsident)
12 May 1817 -
1818
Karl Philipp August Otto
(b. 1779 - d. 1828)
Ludwig Freiherr von Zyllnhardt
18 Feb 1818 -
1820
Carl Philipp Freiherr von Kayser (b.
1762 - d. 18..)
1820 -
1827
Johann Philipp von
Hert
(b. 1772 - d. 1827)
1828 - 1834
Karl Friedrich Justus Emil Ibell (b. 1780 -
d. 1834)
(from 1830, von Ibell)
1834 -
1841
Ludwig Karl Wilhelm
Heinrich (d. 1851)
(1st time) (regierungsdirektor)
1841 - 1847
Karl Bernhard von Ibell
1847 - 1848
Ludwig Karl Wilhelm
Heinrich (s.a.)
(2nd time)(provisional)
1848 - 11 Feb 1862
Christian
Bansa
(b. 1791 - d. 1862)
1862 - 24 Mar
1866
Georg Ferdinand Fenner
(b. 1811 - d. 1867)
Hesse-Kassel
(Hesse-Cassel)
1790 - 4 Nov 1806;
21 Nov 1813 - 20 Sep 1866
|
Map
of Hesse-Kassel
and
Hesse Electorate 1789
|
State Anthem
"Gott segne unsern Kurfürsten"
(God bless our
Elector)
|
Text of State Anthem
|
Constitution
(5 Jan 1831, 13 Apr 1852,
30 May 1860) |
Capital: Kassel
(Cassel)
|
Currency: German
Convention Thaler (XDCT) (1754-1838); North
German Thaler (XDET)(1838-1857); German
Vereinsthaler (XDNT) (1857-1866)
|
State Holiday:
Birthday of the Elector
(unofficial)
|
Population:
745,063 (1864)
450,000 (1802) |
Military: 12,800 (1860) |
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions:
Protestant 83%, Roman Catholic 15%, Jewish 2%
(1860) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1836-1866) |
913
Kassel (Cassel) is first mentioned in a document. King
Konrad I,
who is
in the fortified royal court "Chassella."
31 Mar
1567
Landgraviate of Hesse (informally Hesse-Cassel)
separated.
23 Mar 1730 - 5 Apr 1751
Personal union with Sweden.
15 May
1803
Landgrave Wilhelm IX acquires the dignity of prince-
elector, approved 27 Apr 1803, and the polity is styled
Electorate of Hesse (Kurfürstentum Hessen).
6 Aug
1806
At the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire the ruler
clings
tenaciously to the now empty style of elector; the
polity
continues to be styled Kurfürstentum Hessen.
1 Nov 1806 - 28 Aug 1807 French
occupation, Electorate declared abolished on 4 Nov 1806.
28 Aug 1807 - 29 Sep 1813
The Electorate of Hesse is incorporated into the Kingdom
of Westphalia
(Königreich Westphalen)
established by French
Emperor
Napoléon I for his brother Jérôme.
30 Sep 1813 - 7 Oct 1813
Allied occupation of Kassel (Cassel).
30 Oct 1813
Kingdom of Westphalia is dissolved, Electorate of Hesse
restored.
19 Jun 1866 - 20 Sep 1866 Occupied by Prussia.
20 Sep
1866
Incorporated into Prussia.
13 Sep 1926
Cassel official spelling changed to
Kassel (spelling had already
been in use from c.1300 and from 1873)(effective 4 Dec
1926).
Landgraves (title Landgraf zu Hessen)
1 Dec 1670 - 23 Mar 1730
Karl
(b. 1654 - d. 1730)
1 Dec 1670 -
1677
Hedwig Sophie
von
(b. 1623 - d. 1683)
Brandenburg (f) -Regent
23 Mar 1730 - 5 Apr 1751
Friedrich
I
(b. 1676 - d. 1751)
5 Apr 1751 - 1 Feb
1760 Wilhelm
VIII
(b. 1682 - d. 1760)
(regent for Friedrich I 23
Mar 1730 - 5 Apr 1751)
1 Feb 1760 - 31 Oct 1785
Friedrich
II
(b. 1720 - d. 1785)
31 Oct 1785 - 15 May 1803
Wilhelm
IX
(b. 1743 - d. 1821)
Landgrave and Elector (title Landgraf
zu Hessen, Kurfürst des Heiligen Römischen Reiches);
then Elector and Sovereign
Landgrave (title Kurfürst und souveräner Landgraf
zu Hessen)
15 May 1803 - 28 Aug 1807
Wilhelm I (1st time) (= Wilhelm IX)(s.a.)
(from 1 Nov 1806 in Holstein,
later Prague exile)
French Governor-general of Kassel
(Hesse-Cassel)
1 Nov 1806 - 28 Aug 1807
Joseph
Lagrange
(b. 1763 - d. 1836)
28 Aug 1807 - 29 Oct 1813 part
of the Kingdom of Westphalia
Electors and Sovereign Landgraves (title Kurfürst
und souveräner Landgraf zu Hessen)
30 Oct 1813 - 27 Feb 1821
Wilhelm I (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(returns 21 Nov 1813)
27 Feb 1821 - 20 Nov 1847 Wilhelm
II
(b. 1777 - d. 1847)
20 Nov 1847 - 20 Sep 1866
Friedrich Wilhelm
I
(b. 1802 - d. 1875)
(regent for Wilhelm II 30 Sep 1831 -
20 Nov 1847)
Prussian Military governors
19 Jun 1866 - 28 Jun 1866 Gustav
Friedrich von Beyer
(b. 1812 - d. 1889)
28 Jun 1866 - 20 Sep 1866 Karl
Wilhelm Friedrich August
(b. 1808 - d. 1887)
Leopold Graf von Werder
(Prussian prisoner from 23 Jun 1866)
Prussian Military Governor (of 1st Armeecorps)
19 Jun 1866 - 1 Oct 1866 Karl Wilhelm
Friedrich August (b. 1808 - d. 1887)
Leopold Graf von Werder
Leading Ministers (Leitender
Minister)
1702 - 1735
Jakob Friedrich von
Kettler (b.
1655 - d. 1735)
(minister of war)
1717 - 1737
Johann Reinhard von
Dalwigk (b.
1667 - d. 1737)
(Staatsminister)
1731 –
1735
Johann Friedrich von
Stein
(b. 1681 - d. 1735)
(leading minister)
1735 -
1762
August Moritz Abel Plato von Donop (b. 1694 - d. 1762)
(leading minister)
1757 - 1773
Jakob Sigismund
Waitz von Eschen (b. 1698 - d. 1776)
1773 -
1789
Martin Ernst von
Schlieffen (b.
1732 - d. 1825)
(minister Foreign Affairs)
1774 - 1802
Julius Jürgen von
Wittorf
(b. 1729 - d. 1802)
(Geheime Staatsminister)
25 Jun 1796 – 1808
Friedrich Sigismund von
Waitz (b. 1745 – d. 1808)
(leading minister)
4 Nov 1806 - 1807
Joseph Lagrange -French Governor
(b. 1763 - d. 1836)
Nov 1806 - Jun 1808
Laurent Marchand, baron de
la (b. 1766 - d. 1823)
Martellière -Intendant
1813 - 1821
Georg
Schmerfeld
(b. 1759 - d. 1823)
(Geheime Staatsminister)
Directors of the (overall) State
Ministry (Direktoren des [gesamt-]
Staatsministeriums)
1821 -
1823
Georg
Schmerfeld
(s.a.)
1823 -
1830
Friedrich Ludwig Freiherr von (b.
1755 – d. 1833)
Witzleben
1830
Friedrich Christoph von Schmincke (b. 1775 - d.
1845)
1830 -
1831
Ferdinand Carl Wilhelm Heinrich (b. 1765 -
d. 1842)
Freiherr von Schenck zu
Schweinsberg (leading minister)
1831 -
1832
Johann Christian
Wiederhold (b.
1775 - d. 1832)
1832 -
1848
Gerhard Heinrich von Motz
(b. 1776 - d. 1868)
1848 - 1850
Moritz Ernst von
Baumbach
(b. 1789 - d. 1871)
22 Feb 1850 - Oct 1855 Hans
Daniel Ludwig Friedrich (b.
1794 - d. 1862)
Hassenpflug
1856 - May 1859
Friedrich
Heinrich Ernst Leopold (b. 1800 - d. 1879)
Scheffer
1859 -
1862
Konrad Abée (1st
time)
(b. 1806 - d. 1873)
1862 - 1863
Jacob Arnold Carl von Dehn-
(b. 1808 - d. 1881)
Rothfelser
1863 -
1866
Konrad Abée (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Prussian Civil Administrator (Ziviladministrator
für Kurhessen)
21 Jun 1866 - 22 Feb 1867 Eduard von
Möller
(b. 1814 - d. 1880)
Hildesheim
815
Bishopric of Hildesheim (Episcopatus
Hildesheimensis/Hochstift
Hildesheim) founded.
15 Aug 1235
Bishops also Princes of the
Empire (Prince-Bishopric of
Hildesheim)(Fürstbistum Hildesheim).
1519 -
1523
Hildesheim Diocesan Feud between the Bishop of
Hildesheim and
the Welf principalities of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and
Calenberg.
1542
Reformation begins, end of rule by the Prince-Bishops
of Hildesheim over the city.
23 May
1802
Ceded to Prussia by Franco-Prussian treaty.
3 Aug 1802 - 12 Nov 1806 Occupied and
annexed to Prussia.
12 Nov 1806 - 28 Aug 1807 Occupied by France.
28 Aug 1807 - 29 Oct 1813 Annexed to Kingdom of
Westphalia.
29 Oct 1813 - 2 Nov 1813 Allied
administration.
2 Nov 1813 - 30 Dec 1813 Administered by
Hanover.
30 Dec 1813 - 1866
Annexed to Hanover.
3 Oct
1866
Annexed to Prussia.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu
Hildesheim)
19 Jul 1688 - 13 Aug 1702 Jobst Edmund Freiherr
von Brabeck(b. 1619 - d. 1702)
31 Dec 1714 - 11 Dec 1723 Joseph Clemens von
Bayern von
Wittelsbach
(b. 1671 - d.
1723)
5 Feb 1724 - 6 Feb 1761 Clemens
August Maria Herzog von
Bayern
(b. 1700 - d. 1761)
(also Archbishop of Cologne)
6 Feb 1761 - 7 Feb 1763 Vacant
7 Feb 1763 - 6 Jan 1789 Friedrich
Wilhelm Freiherr von (b. 1727 - d. 1789)
Westphalen
6 Jan 1789 - 30 Jul 1802 Franz Egon
Freiherr von (b. 1737
- d. 1825)
Fürstenberg
Indendant
12 Nov 1806 - 28 Aug 1807 Pierre Antoine Noël
Bruno Daru (b. 1767 - d. 1829)
Hildesheim Free City
815
Part of Bishopric of Hildesheim.
1249
City of Hildesheim had
its city charter confirmed.
1367 - 1669
Member of the Hanseatic
League.
1519 - 1523
Hildesheim Diocesan Feud between the Bishop of
Hildesheim and
the Welf principalities of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and
Calenberg.
1542
Reformation begins, end
of rule by the Prince-Bishops
of
Hildesheim over the city.
1648
Free City of Hildesheim
(Reichstadt Hildesheim).
23 May
1802
Ceded to Prussia by Franco-Prussian treaty.
30 Jul
1802
Occupied and annexed by Prussia.
3 Aug 1802 - 12 Nov 1806 Occupied and
annexed by Prussia.
12 Nov 1806 - 28 Aug 1807 Occupied by France.
28 Aug 1807 - 29 Oct 1813 Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
29 Oct 1813 - 2 Nov 1813 Allied
administration.
2 Nov 1813 - 30 Dec 1813 Administered by
Hanover.
30 Dec
1813
Annexed to Hanover.
3 Oct
1866
Annexed to Prussia.
Oberbürgermeister
1699 - 1700
Joachim Heinrich Albrecht
(10th
time)
1700 - 1701
Albert Ludolph von Harlessem
(b. 1640 - d. 1717)
(12th
time)
1701 - 1702
Joachim Heinrich Albrecht
(11th
time)
1702 - 1703
Albert Ludolph von Harlessem
(s.a.)
(13th
time)
1703 - 1704
Ludolph Andreas Behrens (1st time)(b.
1666 - d. 1713)
1704 - 1705
Gerhard Evers
1705 - 1706
Ludolph Andreas Behrens (2nd time)(s.a.)
1706 - 1707
Johann Jobst Dörrien (1st time) (b.
1677 - d. 1739)
1707 - 1708
Ludolph Andreas Behrens (3rd time)(s.a.)
1708 - 1709
Johann Jobst Dörrien (2nd time) (s.a.)
1709 - 1710
Ludolph Andreas Behrens (4th time)(s.a.)
1710 - 1711
Johann Jobst Dörrien (3rd time) (s.a.)
1711 - 1712
Ludolph Andreas Behrens (5th time)(s.a.)
1712 - 1713
Johann Jobst Dörrien (4th time) (s.a.)
1713 - 16 Apr 1713
Ludolph Andreas Behrens (6th time)(s.a.)
11 May 1713 - 1714 Johann
Melchior Hoffmeister
(1st time)
1714 - 1715
Johann Jobst Dörrien (5th time)
(s.a.)
1715 - 1716
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(2nd time)
1716 - 1717
Johann Jobst Dörrien (6th time)
(s.a.)
1717 - 1718
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(3rd time)
1718 - 1719
Johann Jobst Dörrien (7th time)
(s.a.)
1719 - 1720
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(4th time)
1720 - 1721
Johann Jobst Dörrien (8th time)
(s.a.)
1721 - 1722
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(5th time)
1722 - 1723
Johann Jobst Dörrien (9th time)
(s.a.)
1723 - 1724
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(6th time)
1724 - 1725
Johann Jobst Dörrien (10th time)
(s.a.)
1725 - 1726
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(7th time)
1726 - 1727
Johann Jobst Dörrien (11th time)
(s.a.)
1727 - 1728
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(8th time)
1728 - 1729
Johann Jobst Dörrien (12th time)
(s.a.)
1729 - 1730
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(9th time)
1730 - 1731
Johann Jobst Dörrien (13th time)
(s.a.)
1731 - 1732
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(10th time)
1732 - 1733
Johann Jobst Dörrien (14th time)
(s.a.)
1733 - 1734
Johann Melchior Hoffmeister
(11th time)
1734 - 1735
Johann Jobst Dörrien (15th time)
(s.a.)
1735 - 1736
Johann Lüder Borchers (1st time)
1736 - 1737
Johann Jobst Dörrien (16th time)
(s.a.)
1737 - 1738
Johann Lüder Borchers (2nd time)
1738
Johann Jobst Dörrien (17th
time) (s.a.)
5 Jun 1738 - 1739
Franz Anton Witte (1st time)
(d. 1765)
1739 - 1740
Johann Lüder Borchers (3rd time)
1740 - 1741
Franz Anton Witte (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1741 - 1742
Johann Lüder Borchers (4th time)
1742 - 1743
Franz Anton Witte (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1743 - 1744
Johann Lüder Borchers (5th time)
1744 - 1744
Franz Anton Witte (4th time)
(s.a.)
1745 - 1745
Johann Lüder Borchers (6th time)
1746 - 1747
Franz Anton Witte (5th time)
(s.a.)
1747 - 1748
Johann Lüder Borchers (7th time)
1748 - 1749
Franz Anton Witte (6th time)
(s.a.)
1749 - 1750
Johann Lüder Borchers (8th time)
1750 - 1751
Ludolph Daniel von Harlessem
(b. 1700 - d. 1759)
(1st time)
1751 - 1752
Johann Lüder Borchers (9th time)
1752 - 1753
Ludolph Daniel von Harlessem
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1753 - 1754
Johann Lüder Borchers (10th time)
1754 - 1755
Ludolph Daniel von Harlessem
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1755 - 1756
Johann Lüder Borchers (11th time)
1756 - 1757
Ludolph Daniel von Harlessem
(s.a.)
(4th time)
1757 - 11 Oct 1757 Johann
Lüder Borchers (12th time)
5 Dec 1757 - 1758
Franz Anton Witte (7th time)
(s.a.)
1758 - 1759
Ludolph Daniel von Harlessem
(s.a.)
(5th time)
1759 - 1760
Franz Anton Witte (8th time)
(s.a.)
1760 - 1761
Johann Melchior Brandis (1st time)(b. 1721 -
d. 1796)
1761 - 1762
Franz Anton Witte (9th time)
(s.a.)
1762 - 1763
Johann Melchior Brandis (2nd time)(s.a.)
1763 - 1764
Franz Anton Witte (10th time)
(s.a.)
1764 - 1765
Johann Melchior Brandis (3rd time)(s.a.)
1765 - 14 Apr 1765 Franz Anton
Witte (11th time) (s.a.)
7 Jun 1765 - 1766
Heinrich Wilhelm Hansen (1st time)
1766 - 1767
Johann Melchior Brandis (4th time)(s.a.)
1767 - 1768
Heinrich Wilhelm Hansen (2nd time)
1768 - 1769
Johann Melchior Brandis (5th time)(s.a.)
1769 - 1770
Heinrich Wilhelm Hansen (3rd time)
1770 - 1771
Johann Melchior Brandis (6th time)(s.a.)
1771 - 1772
Heinrich Wilhelm Hansen (4th time)
1772 - 1773
Johann Melchior Brandis (7th time)(s.a.)
1773 - 1774
Heinrich Wilhelm Hansen (5th time)
1774 - 1774
Johann Melchior Brandis (8th time)(s.a.)
1775 - 1776
Heinrich Wilhelm Hansen (6th time)
1776 - 1777
Johann Melchior Brandis (9th time)(s.a.)
1777 - 1778
Heinrich Wilhelm Hansen (7th time)
1778 - 1779
Johann Melchior Brandis
(s.a.)
(10th
time)
1779 - 1780
Heinrich Wilhelm Hansen (8th time)
1780 - 1781
Johann Melchior Brandis
(s.a.)
(11th
time)
1781 - 1782
Heinrich Wilhelm Hansen (9th time)
1782 - 1785
Johann Melchior Brandis
(s.a.)
(12th
time)
1785 - 1786
Johann Friedrich Hollo (1st time)
1786 - 1788
Johann Melchior Brandis
(s.a.)
(13th
time)
1787 - 1788
Johann Friedrich Hollo (2nd time)
1788 - 1789
Johann Melchior
Brandis
(s.a.)
(14th
time)
1789 - 1790
Johann Friedrich Hollo (3rd time)
1790 - 1791
Christoph Friedrich Lüntzel
(b. 1749 - d. 1826)
(1st
time)
1791 - 1792
Georg Christian Marheinecke
(1st time)
1792 - 1793
Christoph Friedrich Lüntzel
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1793 - 1794
Georg Christian Marheinecke
(2nd time)
1794 - 1795
Christoph Friedrich Lüntzel
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1795 - 1796
Georg Christian Marheinecke
(3rd time)
1796 - 1797
Christoph Friedrich Lüntzel
(s.a.)
(4th time)
1797 - 1798
Georg Christian Marheinecke
(4th time)
1798 - 1799
Christoph Friedrich Lüntzel
(s.a.)
(5th time)
1799 - 1800
Georg Christian Marheinecke
(5th time)
1800 - 1801
Christoph Friedrich Lüntzel
(s.a.)
(6th time)
1801 - 1802
Ernst Cludius
1802 - 1803
Christoph Friedrich Lüntzel
(s.a.)
(7th time)
1803
Georg Otto Ferdinand
Lohde (b. 1770 - d. 1851)
Hohenems: see Vorarlberg under
Austrian
Lands to 1918
Hohengeroldseck
(Hohengeroldseck-Leyen)
-
- 1704 - 16 Mar 1798
|
-
- 1806 - 9 Jun 1815
|
1277
Lordship of Geroldseck (Herrschaft
Geroldseck) partitioned from
Geroldseck.
1277 -
1634
Under Geroldseck dynasty.
1277
Lordship of Hohen-geroldseck (Herrschaft
Hohen-geroldseck).
1333
Partitioned into itself and Geroldseck-Sulz.
1634
Extinct; to Austria.
1636 - 1692
Under Kronberg dynasty.
1692 - 1697
To Baden-Durlach.
1697
To Leyen.
22 Nov
1711
County of Hohengeroldseck (Grafschaft
Hohengeroldseck)
under Leyen dynasty (since 1704).
12 Jul
1806
Principality of Leyen (Fürstentum von der
Leyen).
13 Dec 1813 -
1815
Allied (Austrian) administration.
9 Jun
1815
Under Austrian sovereignty.
10 Jul
1819
Ceded by Austria to Baden.
Barons (title from 1704, Freiherr
von der Leyen und zu Hohengeroldseck)
1692 - 17 Jul 1704
Johann
Nikolaus
(b. 1633 - d. 1704)
1705 - 22 Nov 1711
Karl Kaspar
Franz
(b. 1655 - d. 1739)
Imperial Counts (title Reichsgraf
von der Leyen und zu Hohengeroldseck)
22 Nov 1711 - 30 Nov 1739 Karl
Kaspar Franz
(s.a.)
30 Nov 1739 - 16 Feb 1760
Friedrich Ferdinand Franz Anton (b. 1709 - d.
1760)
16 Feb 1760 - 26 Sep 1775 Franz
Karl
(b. 1736 - d. 1775)
26 Sep 1775 - 12 Jul 1806
Philipp Franz
(b. 1766 - d. 1829)
Prince (title Fürst von der
Leyen und zu Hohengeroldseck)
12 Jul 1806 - 9 Jun 1815
Philipp Franz
(s.a.)
Hohenlohe
Map of Hohenlohe
|
Capital:
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein: Neuenstein;
Hohenlohe-Ohringen: Ohringen;
Hohenlohe-Langenburg: Langenburg;
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen: Ingelfingen;
Hohenlohe-Kirchberg: Kirchberg;
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst: Schillingsfürst;
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein: Bartenstein;
Hohenlohe-Jagstberg: Haltenbergstetten
|
Population (1804):
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein: 49,000
Hohenlohe-Ohringen: 25,000
Hohenlohe-Langenburg: 8,000
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen: 8,000
Hohenlohe-Kirchberg: 8,000
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst: 23,000
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein: 55,400
Hohenlohe-Jagstberg: 10,700
|
bf.1183
County of Hohenlohe (Comitatus
Hohenloici/Grafschaft Hohenlohe).
1230
Hohenlohe divides into Hohenlohe-Hohenlohe and
Hohenlohe-Brauneck (which in 1390 passes to
Brandenburg).
1249
Hohenlohe-Brauneck subdivides into
Hohenlohe-Haltenbergstetten
(which in 1381 part of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim).
1256
Hohenlohe is divided into Hohenlohe-Möckmühl (1340
divided between
Hohenlohe-Uffenheim and Hohenlohe-Wernsberg),
Hohenlohe-Röltingen (extinct 1290) and
Hohenlohe-Weikersheim
(in 1472 becomes Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Weikersheim).
1472
County of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, partitioned from
Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (1698 annexed to
Hohenlohe-Öhringen).
1551
Division into Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (extinct 1805)
and
Hohenlohe-Waldenburg (1615, 1679 Partitioned into
various states)
1688
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst partitioned into
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
and Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst.
1701
Junior line of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein divided into
Hohelohe-Langenburg, Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen and
Hohenlohe-Kirchberg.
21 May
1744
Holy Roman Emperors granted the title of Imperial Prince
(Reichsfürst) to the Waldenburg line (in 1744)
and to the
Neuenstein (Öhringen) line (in 1764).
5 May 1756
Holy Roman Emperor elevatedthe possessions of the
Waldenburg line
to the
status of Imperial Principality. In 1772, the Holy Roman
Emperor
elevated possessions of the Neuenstein and Langenburg
lines to
the status of Imperial Principality.
1798
Hohenlohe-Jagstberg split from Hohenlohe-Bartenstein.
27 Jul
1805
Senior line of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein extinct.
12 Jul
1806
Hohenlohe possessions divided between Bavaria and
Württemberg.
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
1688
County of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, partitioned from
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst.
21 May
1764
Principality of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
12 Jul
1806
Annexed to Württemberg.
Counts (title Graf zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein)
1688 - 15 Jan
1729
Philipp Karl
Kaspar
(b. 1668 - d. 1729)
15 Jan 1729 -
1744
Karl
Philipp
(b. 1702 - d. 1763)
1729 - 21 May
1764
Joseph Anton Pfedelbach
(b. 1707 - d. 1764)
Princes (title Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein)
21 May 1764 - 1 Mar 1763 Karl
Philipp
(s.a.)
1 Mar 1763 -
1798
Ludwig
Leopold
(b. 1731 - d. 1799)
1798 - 12 Jul
1806
Ludwig
Aloys
(b. 1786 - d. 1827)
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
1701
County of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, partitioned from
Hohenlohe-Langenburg.
7 Jan
1764
Principality of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.
12 Jul
1806
Annexed by Bavaria.
Counts (title Graf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen)
1701 - 2 Oct
1743
Christian
Kraft
(b. 1668 - d. 1743)
2 Oct 1743 - 7 Jan 1764 Philipp
Heinrich
(b. 1702 - d. 1781)
Princes (title Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen-[from
27 Jul 1805] Öhringen)
7 Jan 1764 - 5 Apr 1781 Philipp
Heinrich
(s.a.)
5 Apr 1781 - 13 Feb 1796 Heinrich
August
(b. 1715 - d. 1796)
13 Feb 1796 -
1806
Friedrich
Ludwig
(b. 1746 - d. 1818)
1806 - 12 Jul
1806
Friedrich August
II
(b. 1784 - d. 1853)
Hohenlohe-Jagstberg
1798
Principality of Hohenlohe-Jagstberg, partitioned
from
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein.
12 Jul
1806
Annexed by Württemberg.
Prince (title Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Jagstberg)
1798 - 12 Jul
1806
Karl
Joseph
(b. 1766 - d. 1838)
Hohenlohe-Kirchberg
1701
County of Hohenlohe-Kirchberg, partitioned from
Hohenlohe-Langenburg.
7 Jan
1764
Principality of Hohenlohe-Kirchberg
12 Jul
1806
Annexed by Bavaria.
28 Feb
1810
Transferred to Württemberg.
Counts (title Graf zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg)
1701 - 28 Aug 1737 Friedrich
Eberhard
(b. 1672 - d. 1737)
28 Aug 1737 - 7 Jan 1764 Karl August
(b. 1707 - d. 1767)
Princes (title Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg)
7 Jan 1764 - 17 May 1767 Karl August
(s.a.)
17 May 1767 - 12 Jul 1806 Christian Friedrich
Karl (b.
1729 - d. 1819)
Hohenlohe-Langenburg
1568
County of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
1590 -
1610
Part of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein.
1610
County of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, partitioned from
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein.
7 Jan
1764
Principality of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
12 Jul
1806
Annexed by Württemberg.
Count (title Graf zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg)
5 Aug 1699 - 17 Apr 1715 Albrecht Wolfgang
(b. 1659 - d. 1715)
17 Apr 1715 - 7 Jan 1764
Ludwig
(b. 1696 - d. 1765)
Princes (title Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg)
7 Jan 1764 - 16 Jan 1765
Ludwig
(s.a.)
16 Jan 1765 - 4 Jul 1789 Christian
Albrecht Ludwig (b. 1726
- d. 1789)
4 Jul 1789 - 12 Jul 1806 Karl
Ludwig
(b. 1762 - d. 1825)
Hohenlohe-Öhringen(-Neuenstein)
-
1676
County of Hohenlohe-Öhringen, partitioned from
Hohenlohe-
Neuenstein.
7 Jan
1764
Principality of Hohenlohe-Öhringen
27 Jul
1805
Passed to Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.
Counts (title Graf zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen)
1676 - 17 Oct
1702
Johann Friedrich
I
(b. 1617 - d. 1702)
17 Oct 1702 -
1708
Friedrich
Kraft
(b. 1667 - d. 1709)
17 Oct 1702 - 7 Jan 1764 Johann Friedrich
II
(b. 1683 - d. 1765)
Princes (title Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen)
7 Jan 1764 - 24 Aug 1765 Johann Friedrich
II
(s.a.)
24 Aug 1765 - 27 Jul 1805 Ludwig Friedrich
Karl
(b. 1723 - d. 1805)
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Weikersheim
1472
County of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Weikersheim,
partitioned from Hohenlohe-Weikersheim.
1545 -
1568
Part of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein.
1545 -
1568
Part of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein.
1684 - 17 Oct
1702
Part of Hohenlohe-Öhringen.
17 Oct
1702
County of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Weikersheim
5 May
1756
Part of Hohenlohe-Öhringen.
Count (title Graf zu
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Weikersheim)
17 Oct 1702 - 5 May 1756 Karl
Ludwig
(b. 1674 - d. 1756)
Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
1688
County of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst,
split from Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst.
21 May
1744
Principality of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
12 Jul
1806
Annexed by Bavaria.
Count (title Graf zu Hohenlohe und Waldenburg,
Herr zu Schillingsfürst
und Langenburg)
21 Feb 1697 - 21 May 1744 Philipp Ernst
I
(b. 1663 - d. 1759)
Princes (title Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg,
Herr in Oehringen, zu Langenburg und Schillingsfürst)
21 May 1744 - 29 Nov 1759 Philipp Ernst
I
(s.a.)
29 Nov 1759 - 21 Jan 1793 Karl Albrecht
I
(b. 1719 - d. 1793)
21 Jan 1793 - 14 Jun 1796 Karl Albrecht
II
(b. 1742 - d. 1796)
14 Jun 1796 - 12 Jul 1806 Karl Albrecht III
Philipp Joseph (b. 1776 - d. 1843)
Hohensax: see under Swiss Territories
Hohenzollern
1288
Hohenzollern partitioned
from Zollern.
c.1350
Friedrich VII "der alte Schwarzgraf" (rule 1333-79)
takes the
style of Graf von Hohenzollern.
18 Mar
1576
Grafschaft Hohenzollern split
into Grafschaft
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen, Grafschaft Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
and
Grafschaft Hohenzollern-Haigerloch.
29 Mar
1623
Both Counties raised to the rank of princes of
the Empire
(Fürstentum Hohenzollern zu Hechingen
and Fürstentum
Hohenzollern zu Sigmaringen).
7 Mar
1634
Hohenzollern-Haigerloch ceded to
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
7 Dec
1849
Both princes abdicate; principalities under Prussian
administration.
12 Mar
1850
Principalities incorporated into Prussia.
6 Apr
1850
Prussia takes possession in Sigmaringen and 8 Apr 1850
in Hechingen.
Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Map of
Hohenzollern-
Hechingen
|
State Anthem
"Heil unserm Fürsten, Heil!"
(Hail to our Prince, Hail!) |
Text of Anthem
|
Constitution
(26 Jun 1798, 1 Feb 1835, 16 May 1848) |
Capital: Hechingen |
Currency:
1754-1850 same as Bavaria |
State Holiday:
Birthday of the Prince
(unofficial)
|
Population:
20,471 (1849)
14,500 (1818)
14,000 (1804) |
Military: 160 (1835) |
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions:
Roman Catholic 98%, Protestant 1%, Jewish 1%
(1850) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1834-1850) |
Counts and Princes (title Fürst zu
Hohenzollern Hechingen)
13 Jan 1671 - 14 Nov 1735 Friedrich Wilhelm I
(b. 1663 - d. 1735)
14 Nov 1735 - 4 Jun 1750 Friedrich
Ludwig
(b. 1688 - d. 1750)
4 Jun 1750 - 9 Apr 1798 Joseph
Wilhelm
(b. 1717 - d. 1798)
9 Apr 1798 - 2 Nov 1810 Hermann
Friedrich
Otto
(b. 1748 - d. 1810)
2 Nov 1810 - 13 Sep 1838 Friedrich
(b. 1776 - d. 1838)
13 Sep 1838 - 7 Dec 1849
Friedrich Wilhelm II Constantin (b.
1801 - d. 1869)
Chief ministers (Dirgent der Geheimen
Conferenz)
1813 -
1815
Vacant
1815 - 1836
Franz Anton Freiherr von Frank (b.
1761 - d. 1840)
(1st time)
1836 -
1837
Vacant
1837 - 1840
Franz Anton Freiherr von Frank
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1841 - 1847
Karl von Paur
(b.
1804 - d. 1873)
1847 - 1849
Vacant
President of the Government (Regierungspräsident)
1849 -
1850
Gustav Franz Albert von Frank (b.
1794 - d. 1867)
von Fürstenwerth (for Prussia)
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Map of
Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen
|
State
Anthem
"Heil unserm Fürsten, Heil!"
(Hail to our Prince, Hail!)
|
Text of State
Anthem
|
Constitution
(11 Jul 1833 -
7 Dec 1849) |
Capital: Sigmaringen |
Currency:
1754-1850 same as Bavaria |
State
Holiday:
Birthday of the Prince
(unofficial) |
Population:
40,492 (1849)
35,560 (1818)
21,000 (1804) |
Military: 350 (1835) |
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions:
Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%
(1850) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1834-1850) |
Counts and Princes (title Fürst zu
Hohenzollern Sigmaringen)
13 Aug 1689 - 20 Oct 1715 Meinrad
II
(b. 1673 - d. 1715)
20 Oct 1715 - 8 Dec 1769 Joseph Franz
Ernst
(b. 1702 - d. 1769)
8 Dec 1769 - 20 Dec 1785 Karl
Friedrich
(b. 1724 - d. 1785)
20 Dec 1785 - 17 Oct 1831 Anton Aloys
(b. 1762 - d. 1831)
17 Oct 1831 - 27 Aug 1848 Karl III
(b. 1785 - d. 1853)
27 Aug 1848 - 7 Dec 1849
Karl
Anton
(b. 1811 - d. 1885)
Presidents of the Government (Regierungspräsident)
1805 -
1850
Judas Thaddäus von Maybersburg
(b. 1741 - d. 1820)
1820 -
1822
Vacant
1822 -
1838
Karl Honorat von Huber
(b. 1772 - d. 1852)
1838 -
1839
Ludwig Hassenpflug
(b. 1792 - d. 1862)
1839 - 1849
Wilhelm Walther Ludwig Carl
(b. 1809 - d. 1867)
Freiherr Schenck zu Schweinsberg
23 Sep 1848 - 10 Oct 1848 Otto Carl
Würth (in rebellion) (b. 1803
- d. 1884)
(chairman of the safety committee in Sigmaringen)
25 Jun 1849 - 23 Jul
1849 Otto Carl Würth (in
rebellion) (s.a.)
(Reichskommissar der
Reichsregentschaft
für Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)
1849 -
1850
Adolph Theodor Freiherr von Spiegel(b. 1792 - d. 1852)
-Borlinghausen und zu Peckelsheim
(for Prussia)
Holland: see Nord-Holland
under Netherlands
provinces
Holstein: see
under Schleswig-Holsetin
Isenburg
11th cent.
Counts of the Niederlahngau assumed the
name Isenburg, though
without comital rank.
1129
Acquired Kobern.
1137
County of Isenburg (Grafschaft Ysenburg).
1142
Division into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Kempenich.
1199
Division of Isenburg-Isenburg into Isenburg-Weid
(superseded by Weid in 1462) and Nieder-Isenburg.
1341
Isenburg-Büdingen created from Isenburg-Cleberg.
1503
Nieder-Isenburg divided into Isenburg-Grenzau and
Isenburg-Neumagen (to Arnberg 1664).
1511
Isenburg-Büdingen divided into
Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein
and Isenburg-Ronneburg.
1628
Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein divided into
Isenburg-Birstein,
Isenburg-Büdingen and Isenburg-Offenbach, Isenburg-
Büdingen-Marienborn (to 1725), Isenburg-Meerholz
and
(from 1673) Isenburg-Büdingen-Wächtersbach.
1664
Isenburg-Birstein absorbed into Isenburg-Offenbach.
1711
Isenburg-Offenbach divided into Isenburg-Birstein and
Isenburg-Philippseich.
23 May
1744
Isenburg-Birstein a Principality.
12 Jul
1806
Sovereign Principality of Isenburg created
(Souveräne Fürstentum zu Isenburg)
which includes the
mediatized domains of all other branches.
1810 - Oct 1813
Occupied by France.
Oct 1813 - 15 Feb 1815
Allied occupation (administered from Frankfurt).
15 Feb 1815 - 30 Jun 1816 Austrian administration.
3 Jul
1815
Ceded to Austria by Congress of Vienna.
30 Jun
1816
Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt.
Isenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen
1628
County Isenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen (Grafschaft zu
Ysenburg
-Büdingen-Büdingen).
12 Jul
1806
Incorporated into Isenburg-Birsetin.
Counts (title Graf zu Ysenburg und
Büdingen-Büdingen)
1693 - 31 May
1708
Johann Ernst
II
(b. 1683 - d. 1708)
31 May 1708 - 15 Oct 1749 Ernst
Kasimir I
(b. 1687 - d.
1749)
15 Oct 1749 - 12 Feb 1768 Gustav
Friedrich
(b. 1715 -
d. 1768)
12 Feb 1768 - 15 Dec 1775 Ludwig
Kasimir
(b. 1710 - d. 1775)
15 Dec 1775 - 25 Feb 1801 Ernst
Kasimir
II
(b. 1757 - d. 1801)
25 Feb 1801 - 12 Jul 1806 Ernst
Kasimir
III
(b. 1781 - d. 1852)
Isenburg-Büdingen-Marienborn
1628
County of Isenburg-Büdingen-Marienborn (Grafschaft zu
Ysenburg-
Büdingen-Marienborn).
16 Mar
1725
Incorporated into Isenburg-Meerholz.
Count (title Graf zu Ysenburg und
Büdingen-Marienborn)
1673 - 16 Mar
1725
Karl August
(b.
1667 - d. 1725)
Isenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz
1628
County of Isenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz (Grafschaft
zu Ysenburg-
Büdingen-Meerholz).
12 Jul
1806
Incorporated into Isenburg-Birsetin.
Counts (title Graf zu Ysenburg und
Büdingen-Meerholz)
1673 - 11 Feb
1724 Georg
Albrecht
(b. 1664 - d. 1724)
11 Feb 1724 - 14 Mar 1774
Karl
(b. 1700 - d. 1774)
14 Mar 1774 - 4 May 1802 Johann
Friedrich Wilhelm
(b. 1729 - d. 1802)
4 May 1802 - 12 Jul 1806 Karl Wilhelm
Ludwig
(b. 1763 - d. 1832)
Isenburg-Büdingen-Wächtersbach
1673
County Isenburg-Büdingen-Wächtersbach (Grafschaft
zu
Ysenburg-Büdingen-Wächtersbach).
12 Jul
1806
Incorporated into Isenburg-Birsetin.
Counts (title Graf zu Ysenburg und
Büdingen-Wächtersbach)
1673 - 14 Mar
1703
Ferdinand Maximilian I
(b. 1661 - d. 1703)
14 Mar 1703 - 21 Apr 1755
Ferdinand Maximilian II
(b. 1692 - d. 1755)
21 Apr 1755 - 16 Sep 1778
Ferdinand Kasimir I
(b. 1716 - d.
1778)
16 Sep 1778 - 1 Dec 1780
Ferdinand Kasimir II
(b. 1752
- d. 1780)
1 Dec 1780 - 25 Nov 1782
Albrecht August
(b.
1717 - d. 1782)
25 Nov 1782 - 15 Aug 1785
Wilhelm Reinhard
(b.
1719 - d. 1785)
51 Aug 1785 - 19 Apr 1798 Adolf
I
(b. 1722 - d. 1798)
19 Apr 1798 - 23 Jun 1805 Ludwig
Maximilian
I
(b. 1741 - d. 1805)
23 Jun 1805 - 12 Jul 1806 Ludwig
Maximilian
II
(b. 1791 - d. 1821)
Isenburg-Birstein
1628
County of Isenburg-Birstein
1664
Absorbed into Isenburg-Offenbach.
1711
County of Isenburg-Birstein (restored).
23 May
1744
Principality of Isenburg-Birstein (Fürstentum
Ysenburg-
Birstein).
12 Jul
1806
Sovereign Principality of Isenburg (Souveräne
Fürstentum zu
Isenburg).
1810 - Oct 1813
Occupied by France.
Oct 1813 - 15 Feb 1815
Allied occupation (administered from Frankfurt).
15 Feb 1815 - 30 Jun 1816 Austrian administration.
3 Jul
1815
Ceded to Austria by Congress of Vienna.
30 Jun
1816
Incorporated into Hesse-Darmstadt.
Count (title Graf zu Ysenburg und Birstein)
1711 - 23 May
1744
Wolfgang Ernst
I
(b. 1686 - d. 1754)
Princes (title Fürst zu
Ysenburg und Birstein)
23 May 1744 - 15 Apr 1754
Wolfgang Ernst
I
(s.a.)
15 Apr 1754 - 3 Feb 1803
Wolfgang Ernst
II
(b. 1735 - d. 1803)
15 Apr 1754 -
1759
Friedrich Ernst -Regent
(b. 1709 - d. 1784)
3 Feb 1803 - 12 Jul 1806
Karl I Friedrich Ludwig
Moritz (b.
1766 - d. 1820)
Prince (title Fürst von
Ysenburg)
12 Jul 1806 - 1813
Karl I Friedrich Ludwig
Moritz (s.a.)
1813 - 3 Jul 1815
Charlotte Auguste zu Erbach-
(b. 1777 - d. 1846)
Erbach (f) -Regent
Isenburg-Offenbach
1628
County Isenburg-Offenbach (Grafschaft
zu
Ysenburg-Offenbach).
1635 -
1643
Occupied by Hesse-Darmstadt.
1711
Passed to Isenburg-Birstein.
Counts (title Graf zu Ysenburg und Offenbach)
1685 -
1711
Johann
Philipp
(b. 1655 - d. 1718)
- jointly with the following -
1685 -
1711
Christian Heinrich
(d.
1758)
(in Eisenberg and Langenselbold)
Isenburg-Philippseich
Map of
Isenburg-Philippseich
|
Capital:
Schloss Philippseich
|
Population:
3,000 (1804?)
|
1711
County Isenburg-Philippseich (Grafschaft
zu
Ysenburg-Philippseich).
12 Jul
1806
Incorporated into Isenburg-Birstein.
Counts (title Graf zu Ysenburg und
Philippseich)
1711 - 7 Mar
1772
Wilhelm Moritz II
(b. 1688 - d. 1772)
7 Mar 1772 - 26 Mar 1779
Christian Karl
(b. 1732 - d. 1779)
26 Mar 1779 - 30 Jan 1781 Karl
Wilhelm
(b.
1767 - d. 1781)
- jointly with -
26 Mar 1779 - 12 Jul 1806 Heinrich
Ferdinand
(b. 1770 - d. 1838)
Istria (Istrien):
see Austrian
Lands to 1918
Jever
-
- to 11 Nov 1807
|
c.1800 - 1807, 1813 - 1818
Proposed Ensign
|
1330
Chiefdom of Jever (Häuptlingschaft Jever).
c.1465
Lordship of Jever (Herrlichkeit Jever).
1527 - 1531
Occupied by East
Frisia.
1548
Jever surrenders imperial immediacy and is subordinated
to the
Duchy of Brabant as a feudal territory.
20 Feb 1575 - 29 Jun 1667 Personal union
with Oldenburg
(claimed by East Frisia to 12 Aug 1588).
29 Jun 1667 - 3 Mar 1793
Personal union with Anhalt-Zerbst.
1675 - 1677
Occupied by Denmark.
1678 - 1679
Occupied by Münster.
1679 - 1679
Occupied by France.
1683 - 16 Jul 1689
Occupied by
Denmark.
16 Jul
1689
Reichsunmittelbares (imperial immediacy)
restored, but Jever
surrenders other areas of land that Denmark claimed and
paid an amount of 100,000 Thalers (Herrschaft Jever).
3 Mar 1793 - 7 Jul 1807
Dynastic possession of Russia.
Oct
1806
Occupied by the Dutch (see East Frisia).
1807
Ceded by Russia to Duchy of Holstein (not effected).
7 Jul
1807
Ceded to France by Russia.
11 Nov
1807
Incorporated into Kingdom of Holland;
part of the département
Oost-Friesland.
9 Jul
1810
Incorporated into France
as part of département
Ems-Oriental (see under Germany).
8 Nov
1813
Restored to Russia (from 28 Dec 1813, administered by
Oldenburg).
18 Apr
1818 Incorporated
into Oldenburg.
20 Jul 1853
Oldenburg cedes an area on Jade Bay
to Prussia (for the
future port of Wilhelmshaven).
Lords/Ladies (title Herr/Herrin zu Jever)
20 Feb 1557 - 29 Jun 1667 the Counts of Oldenburg
29 Jun 1667 - 3 Mar 1793 the Dukes of
Anhalt-Zerbst
3 Mar 1793 - 7 Jul 1807 the
Empress/Emperors of Russia
Apr 1793 - Oct 1806
Friederike Auguste Sophie Fürstin
(b. 1744 - d. 1827)
zu Anhalt-Zerbst (f) -Stadholder
11 Nov 1807 - 9 Jul 1810 annexed to
Kingdom of Holland
9 Jul 1810 - 7 Nov 1813 annexed
to France
(Titular) Baron (title Baron
de Jever)
10 Jun 1810 - 7 Nov 1813 Étienne Jacques
Travers, baron (b. 1765 - d. 1827)
de Jever
Lords (title Herr zu Jever)
8 Nov 1813 - 18 Apr 1818 the Emperor of
Russia
Administrators (title Landdrost zu Jever)
and (from 1710's also) Presidents
1575 - 1583
Burchard von Steinburg
1583 -
1609?
Joachim von Böselager (Boeselager)
1609 - 1617
Wallrabe von Boyneburg, gen. von
Hoinstein
1619 -
1629
Hermann von der Decken
(b. 1575 - d. 1639)
1630 - 1663
Johann Sigismund Herr von und zu
Fränking
1664 - 1668
Gustav Adolf von Baudissin
(b. 1629 - d. 1695)
1668 - 1673
Hilmar III von Münchhausen
(b. 1636 - d. 1672)
1673 - 25 Oct 1677
Joachim Friedrich Brand von
(b. 1621 - d. 1677)
Lindau
1677 - 1696
Ernst Christian von Bardeleben
(b. 1619 - d. 1696)
1684 - 27 Feb 1689 Tönne
Falk -Danish commander
1696 - 1700
Friedrich Balemann (acting)
(b. 1645 - d. 1712)
1700 -
1718
Harro Joachim von Closter Freiherr (b. 1661 - d. 1728)
von Dornum
1718 -
1720
Wolfgang Sigfrid von Kötteritz
(b. 1658 - d. 1720)
(acting)
1720 - 1746
Johann Ludwig Prinz zu Anhalt-
(b. 1688 - d. 1746)
Dornburg
(also Stadholder)
1746 -
1748
Thomas Isaac Rijksgraaf de Larrey (b. 1703 - d.
1795)
(acting)
14 Sep 1748 -
1753
Ferdinand Christoph von Weltzien (b. 1708 - d.
1756)
(acting)
Kammerpräsidenten
1753 -
1768
Johann Zacharias von Cappelmann (b.
1721 - d. 1793)
1768 - 1788
Carl Gottlob von Nostitz (acting)
1788 - 1793
Friedrich Carl von Thümen
(b. 1756 - d. 1824)
1793 - Nov 1807
Johann August Carl von Kalitsch (b. 1746 -
d. 1814)
Landesdirektor of Jever and Kniphausen
Nov 1813 – Dec 1813
Johann Carl Ludwig Ittig
(b. 1754 - d. 1828)
Jülich-Cleves-Berg:
see Berg and Cleves
Kaisersheim
(Kaisheim)
21 Sep
1135
Cistercian Abbey of Kaisersheim (Abbatia
Caesarea/Stift Kaisersheim)
founded.
1327 -
1656
Imperial immediacy disputed by the Wittelsbachs.
1346
Abbots made princes of the Empire (Reichsstift
Kaiserheim).
1656
Imperial immediacy recognized by Pfalz-Neuburg.
18 Aug
1802
Secularized.
1 Sep
1802
Occupied by Bavaria.
27 Apr
1803
Annexed to Bavaria.
Prince-Abbots (title Fürstabt zu Kaisheim/Kaisersheim)
1 Jul 1696 - 25 Feb 1698 Judas Thaddäus
Mayr
(b. 1648 - d. 1698)
15 Apr 1698 - 3 May 1723 Roger I Röls
(b. 1659 - d. 1723)
15 Jun 1723 - 8 Jul 1739 Roger II
Friesl
(b. 1686 - d. 1739)
8 Jul 1739 - 25 Jun 1771 Cölestin I
Mermos
(b.
1701 - d. 1773)
26 Jun 1771 - 26 Sep 1783 Cölestin II
Angelsbrugger (b. 1726
- d. 1783)
(Angelsbrucker)
23 Oct 1783 - 1 Sep 1802 Franz Xaver
Müller
(b. 1741 - d. 1817)
Käppel (Kaeppel)
Map of Kappel Abbey
|
Capital: Kappel
(Keppel)
|
Population: N/A
|
c.1239
Benedictine Abbey of Käppel (Kaeppel)(Stift
Keppel)
1588
Abbesses also Princess of the Empire (Reichsfürstin).
1594
Abbey is secularized as an establishment for Protestant
women.
1650
Abbey is re-founded as a double-confession Chapter,
with
both Roman Catholic and Protestanta abbesses
alternating.
12 Jul
1806
Secularized and annexed to Nassau.
20 Sep
1866
Part of Prussia.
Princess-Abbesses (title Reichsäbtissin von
Käppel)
1654 - 1659
Johanna Stefania von
der Heese
(Catholic)
1659 -
1663
Eleonora Theodora Voigt von Elspe
(Protestant)
1663 -
1685
Johanna Maria von
Holdinghausen (d.
1685)
(Roman Catholic)
1685 -
1691
Agatha Juliana von Steprod
(d. 1691)
(Protestant)
1692 - 1717
Anna Elisabeth von der Heese
(d. 1717)
(Catholic)
1717 -
1748
Sophie Charlotte Kessel von
(d. 1748)
Bottlenberg (Protestant)
1748 -
1753
Vacant
1753 -
1779
Johanna Dorothea Helene Margarethe (d.
1779)
Katharina von Syberg Freie aus der
Hees, Sümmern und Schwerte (Catholic)
1780 -
1806
Marianne Antonia von Donop
(b. 17.. - d. 1806)
(Protestant)
1808
Isabella Marquise de
Meslé (Catholic) (b. 1761 - d. 1820)
(appointed by Joachim Murat, not inagurated)
Kempten
752
Benedictine Abbey of Kempten (Abbatia principalis
Campidunensis/
Stift Kempten).
1062
Imperial immediacy (Reichsstift Kempten).
1213
Emperor Frederick II
declared the abbots of Kempten Abbey
members
of the Reichstag and granted the abbot the right
to bear
the title of Duke (Reichsabtei Kempten).
1289
Kempten city independent of
the abbey.
1524
Abbots become Princes of the Empire (Reichsfürststift
Kempten).
Sep 1802 - 27 Apr 1803
Occupied by Bavaria.
18 Mar
1803
Secularized.
27 Apr
1803
Annexed to Bavaria.
Prince-Abbots (title Fürstabt zu Kempten)
1678 - 10 Nov
1728
Ruprecht I von Bodman
(b. 1646 - d. 1728)
Sep 1723 - 15 Dec 1747
Anselm Reichlin von Meldegg
(b. 1679 - d. 1747)
(coadjutor to 10 Nov 1728)
26 Jun 1747 - 25 May 1760 Engelbert von
Syrgenstein (Sürgenstein) (b. 1694 - d. 1760)
(coadjutor to 15 Dec 1747)
16 Jun 1760 - 16 Nov 1785 Honorius Roth
von Schreckenstein (b. 1726 -
d. 1785)
27 Dec 1785 - 8 Aug 1793 Ruprecht
II von Neuenstein
(b. 1736 - d. 1793)
16 Oct 1793 - 27 Apr 1803 Castolus
Reichlin von Meldegg-Amtzell (b. 1743 - d.
1804)
Kempten Free City
1289
Kempten Free Imperial City (in
Allgäu)(Reichsstadt Kempten).
1525
Last property rights of
the abbots in the free city sold.
1527
City converts to
Protestantism.
Sep 1802
Occupied by Bavaria.
27 Apr
1803
Annexed to Bavaria.
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
1698 - 1703
Jacob König
1703 - 1710
Johann Christoph Fels
1710 - 1713
Johann Ulrich Stadtmüller
1713 - 1725
Matthias Jenisch
1725 - 1726
Johann Jacob Beusch
1726 - 1727
Hieronimus Bartholomäus König
1727 - 1732
Johannes Schmelz
1732 - 1734
Josef Lemer
1734 - 1745
Johann Jacob Jenisch
1745 - 1752
Johann Lucas Specklin
1752 - 1759
Caspar Ade
1759 - 1762
Matthias Rodach
1762 - 1763
Abraham Wieland
1763 - 1764
Leonhard Föhr
1764
Johann Georg König
1764 - 1773
Johann Adam Kesel
(b. 1700 - d. 1776)
1773 - 1778
Johann Leonhard Bogner
1778 - 1785
Matthäus Philipp Neubronner
(b. 1714 - d. 1785)
1785 - 1789
Johann Jacob von Jenisch
1789 - 1792
Johann Jacob Wankmüller
1792 - 1803
Leonhard Fehr
Kleve (Cleve): see under Berg and Cleves
Kniphausen
(Knyphausen)
-
- c.1689 - c.1702
|
-
- c.1702 - 1751
|
-
- c.1787 - 1807, 8 Jun 1825 -
1849
|
-
- 1849 - 1 Aug 1854
|
c.1438
Barony in and of Kniphausen
(Knyphausen)
(Herrlichkeit von In- und
Kniphausen).
1588
Imperial Barony of Kniphausen
(Knyphausen)
(Reichsfreie Herrlichkeit Kniphausen).
1624 -
1658
Ceded to Oldenburg.
29 Jun 1667
Under the Aldenburg (from
1733, Aldenburg-Bentinck) dynasty.
Oct
1806
Occupied by the Dutch (see East Frisia).
11 Nov
1807
Incorporated into Kingdom of Holland (from 30
Jan 1808,
part of the département
Oost-Friesland).
9 Jul
1810
Incorporated into France
as part of département
Ems-Oriental (see under Germany).
8 Nov 1813 - 28 Dec 1813 Occupied
by Russia (see Jever).
28 Dec 1813 – 31 Jul 1826 Administered by
Oldenburg
(annexation declared 13 Apr 1818).
31 Jul
1826
Free Barony of Kniphausen (Freien Herrschaft Kniphausen),
semi-sovereignty (fief) under Oldenburg.
1 Aug
1854
Ceded to Oldenburg
(formally incorporated 29 May 1855).
Barons (title Reichsfreiherrn zu Innhausen und
Kniphausen)
29 Jun 1667 – 27 Oct 1680 Anton
I
(b. 1633 - d. 1680)
26 Jun 1681 - 6 Jun 1738 Anton
II
(b. 1681 - d. 1738)
27 Oct 1680 - 26 Jun 1701 Charlotte
Amélie de
la
(b. 1652 - d. 1732)
Trémoille (f) -Regent
6 Jun 1738 - 6 Sep 1754
Charlotte Sophie (f) -Baroness
(b. 1715 - d. 1800)
6 Sep 1754 - 1 Apr 1768
Christian Friedrich
Anton
(b. 1734 - d. 1768)
1 Apr 1768 - 11 Nov 1807
Wilhelm II Gustav Friedrich (1st time) (b.
1762 - d. 1835)
1 Apr 1768 - 21 Jul 1783
Marie Katharina von Tuyll (f) -Regent
(b. 1743 - d. 1798)
11 Nov 1807 - 9 Jul 1810 annexed
to Kingdom of Holland
9 Jul 1810 - 8 Nov 1813
annexed to France
8 Nov 1813 – 28 Dec 1813 occupied by
Russia
28 Dec 1813 – 31 Jul 1826
administered by Oldenburg
Barons (title Freiherr zu
Innhausen und Kniphausen)
31 Jul 1826 - 22 Oct 1835 Wilhelm II Gustav
Friedrich (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Oct 1835 - 1 Aug 1854 Gustav
Adolf Bentinck
(b. 1809 - d.
1876)
Konstanz
(bishopric): see Constance
Krain (Carniola):
see under Slovenia
Krautheim: see
under Salm-Reifferscheidt
Lauenburg
(Saxe-Lauenburg)
-
![[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg 1816-1866
(Germany)] [Duchy of
Saxe-Lauenburg 1816-1866 (Germany)]](de-bawu1.gif)
- 1816 - 16 Nov 1864
|
-
- 12 Nov 1866 - 1 Nov 1876
|
Map of Saxe-Lauenburg
|
Royal Anthem
"Kong Christian
stod ved højen mast" (King Christian stood
by the lofty mast)(possibly)(to 1864)
|
Text of Anthem
|
Constitution
(23 May 1849,
20 Dec 1853) |
Capital: Ratzeburg
(Lauenburg an der Elbe 1261-1619) |
Currency: Danish Rigsbankdaler
(DKR) 1816-1866 |
State Holiday:
Birthday of the Duke
(unofficial) |
Population: 50,000 (1858)
10,000 (1804)
|
Military: jointly with
Holstein (1860)
|
Exports: included in Holstein
(1861)
Imports: included in Holstein
(1861) |
Religions:
Protestant 99%, other 1% (1860) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1868-1871, counted along Prussia) |
Counties
(1815-1876)
|
1142
Part of (Lower) Duchy of Saxony.
1203 -
1227
Lauenburg under Danish rule.
1260
Askanians split into Sachsen-Lauenburg and
Sachsen-Wittenberg.
11 Aug
1261
Duchy of Lauenburg (Ducatus
Luneburgensis/Herzogtum Lauenburg;
very formally Herzogtum
Sachsen-Lauenburg [Duchy of Saxe-
Lauenburg]).
1314 -
1401
Divided into a elder line (Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln)
and a
younger
line (Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg).
1359 -
1683
The city of Mölln is mortgaged to Lübeck.
23 Aug
1420
Lauenburg cedes Bergedorf and the joint parishes (Vierlande)
to
Hamburg
and Lübeck, which erect a condominium in the area.
1648
Secularization of the Ratzeburg Bishopric, its
territories ceded
to the dukes of Mecklenburg as the
Principality of Ratzeburg
(Fürstentum Ratzeburg).
30 Sep 1689
With the death of Duke Julius Francis the Askanian
dynasty of
Lauenburg became extinct in
the male line.
30 Sep 1689 - 28 Aug 1705 Occupied by
Braunschweig und Lüneburg (Kurbraunschweig)
(later called Hanover).
31 Aug 1693 - 4 Sep 1693 Danish
troops bombarded Ratzeburg.
8 Mar
1701
Principality of Ratzeburg part of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
28 Aug
1705
Possession of the elector of Hanover.
12 Jul 1803 - 8 Sep 1805
Occupied by France.
8 Sep 1805 - 23 Apr 1806 Occupied
by British and Russian forces.
23 Apr 1806 - 14 Aug 1806 Occupied by
Sweden.
14 Aug 1806 - 27 Aug 1806 Occupied by Prussia
27 Aug 1806 - 6 Sep 1806
Occupied by Sweden.
6 Sep 1806 - 6 Nov 1806
Occupied by Prussia.
6 Nov 1806 - 13 Dec 1810
Occupied by France (administered as a reserved
country [Pays réservé
Duché de Lauenbourg]).
1 Mar 1810 - 13 Dec 1810
Incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia.
13 Dec 1810 - 13 Nov 1813 Incorporated into France; part of département
des Bouches-de-
l'Elbe (see under Germany).
14 Nov
1813
Ratzeburg occupied by Swedish forces.
17 Nov 1813
Restored to the elector of Hanover.
9 Jun 1815 (one day)
Incorporated into Prussia.
9 Jun
1815
Incorporated into Denmark
(Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg/Hertugdømmet
Sachsen-Lauenborg).
26 Jul
1816
Denmark takes possession.
10 Jul 1848 - 1 Jan 1851 German
Confederation administration.
1 Jan 1851 - 27 Jan 1852 Occupied by
Austria.
27 Jan 1852 - 16 Nov 1864 Under the Danish
Ministry of the Duchy of Holstein and Lauenburg
(see under Schleswig
and Holstein).
23 Dec 1863 - 7 Dec 1864 German
Confederation administration.
7 Dec 1864 - 13 Sep 1865 Jointly
administered by Austria and Prussia.
14 Aug
1865
Austria ceded the Duchy of Lauenburg to the King of
Prussia for a
payment
of 2.5 million Thalers.
20 Aug
1865
In personal union with Prussia (taking possession 13 Sep
1865,
homage done at Ratzeburg on 26 Nov 1865).
1 Jul
1876
Incorporated into Prussia
with the continued style of Duchy
of Lauenburg (integrated into province of
Schleswig-Holstein
[as the District of the Duchy of Lauenburg (Kreis
Herzogtum
Lauenburg)],
King Wilhelm I retains the ducal title for his
lifetime
(by law of 23 June 1876).
Dukes (title Herzog von Sachsen, Engern und
Westfalen; Herzog zu [der] Lauenburg)
22 Sep 1691 - 28 Aug 1705 Georg
Wilhelm
(b. 1624 - d. 1705)
(in dispute from 11 Oct 1689)
28 Aug 1705 - 6 Nov 1806 the
electors of Hanover
(de facto to 1810)
17 Nov 1813 - 9 Jun 1815 the
elector, then king, of Hanover
9 Jun 1815
- 16 Nov 1864 the kings of Denmark
20 Aug 1865 - 9 Mar 1888 the
king of Prussia
French Administrators
6 Nov 1806 - 28 May 1810 ....
Imperial Commissioner, Intendant of the Duchy of
Lauenbourg
28 May 1810 - 29 Jan 1811 Louis-Philibert Brun
d'Aubignosc (b. 1774 - d. 1848)
Danish Governors and Landdroster
21 Nov 1816 - 26 Mar 1833 Cay Friedrich
Graf Reventlow (b. 1753
- d. 1834)
18 Mar 1834 - 22 Dec 1835 Joachim Göttsche
von Levetzau (b. 1782 - d. 1859)
22 Dec 1835 - 9 Jan 1838 Vacant
9 Jan 1838 - 10 Jul 1848 Christian
Andreas Friedrich Graf (b. 1796 - d. 1857)
Rantzau (deposed 10 Jul 1848-1851)
Federal Commissioners of the
Provisional Central Power for the Duchy of Lauenburg
10 Jul 1848 - 1848
Carl Theodor Georg Philipp
Welcker (b. 1790 - d. 1869)
Mar 1849 - May 1849
Heinrich Freiherr von Wintzingerode (b. 1806 - d. 1864)
Chairman of the State Administration Commission (from
30 Apr 1849, Statthalterschaft)
10 Jul 1848 - Jan 1851 Ludwig
Friedrich Georg Graf von (b. 1798 -
d. 1873)
Kielmansegg(e)(Prussia)
Danish Extraordinary Commissioner
Feb 1851 - Feb
1852 Heinrich
Anna Graf Reventlow-
(b. 1798 - d. 1869)
Criminil
Danish Governors and
Landdroster
18 Mar 1852 - 1856
Friedrich Freiherr von
Pechlin (b. 1789 - d. 1863)
1857 - 1864
Christian Emil Heinrich Julius Graf
(b. 1827 - d. 1888)
zu Rantzau
Federal Commissioner for Holstein
and Lauenburg
23 Dec 1863 - 7
Dec 1864 the Federal
Commissioner under Holstein
Austrian and Prussian Civil Commissioners for
Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg
7 Dec 1864 - 13 Sep 1865 the
Civil Commissioners under Holstein
Prussian Government Commissioner
13 Sep 1865 - 26 Nov 1865 Adolf
Heinrich Graf von Arnim- (b. 1803 -
d. 1868)
Boitzenburg (Boytzenburg)
Prussian Minister of Lauenburgian Affairs
(Minister für Lauenburgische
Angelegenheiten)
13 Sep 1865 - 1 Jul 1876 Otto Eduard Leopold
Graf von (b. 1815 -
d. 1898) Non-party
Bismarck-Schönhausen (from 21 Mar 1871,
Fürst von Bismarck-Schönhausen)
Leiningen
1128
First mentioned
c.1212
Extinct; to Saarbrücken-Hardenburg
who assumed the name Leiningen.
1241
Acquired Dagsburg.
1237
Partitioned into
Leiningen-Dagsburg and Leiningen-Landeck.
1317
Leiningen-Dagsburg
partitioned into itself and Leiningen-Hardenburg.
1557
County of Leiningen (Grafschaft Leiningen).
1681 - 1697
Occupied by France.
16 Aug
1707
Dynastic division into Alt-Leiningen and Neu-Leiningen
(or
Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hartenburg).
3 Jul
1779
Counts made princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
1793
Possessions on
left bank of Rhine occupied by France (namely
Dagsburg, Hardenburg and Dürkheim).
1801
Neu-Leiningen possessions on
left bank of Rhine annexed by France.
1801 -
1806
Occupied by France.
25 Mar 1803
Principality of Leiningen
(Fürstentum Leiningen) created for
the
Neu-Leiningen line formed from parts of the
Electorate of
Mainz,
Electorate of the Palatinate, the Prince-Bishopric of
Würzburg, and Amorbach Abbey.
12 Jul
1806
Neu-Leiningen lands
are divided between Baden,
with parts to
Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt; the Alt-Leiningen
lands are divided
between Berg
and Hesse-Darmstadt.
1813 -
1815
Allied Administration.
9 Jun 1815
Former Alt-Leiningen
lands annexed the Nassau duchies.
1816
Former Neu-Leiningen
lands annexed to Bavaria.
Count (title Graf zu Leiningen)
14 Nov 1688 - 16 Aug 1705
Philipp
Ludwig
(b. 1652 - d. 1705)
Alt-Leiningen
Counts (title Graf zu Alt-Leiningen)
16 Aug 1705 - 17 May 1720 Christoph
Christian
(b. 1656 - d. 1720)
17 May 1720 - 4 Feb 1751 Georg
Hermann
(b.
1679 - d. 1751)
4 Feb 1751 - 18 Feb 1770 Christian
Johann
(b. 1730 - d. 1770)
4 Feb 1751 - 31 Aug 1758 Charlotte
Wilhelmine zu
(b. 1708 - d. 1792)
Pappenheim (f) -Regent
18 Feb 1770 - 12 Jul 1806 Christian
Karl
(b. 1757
- d. 1811)
Neu-Leiningen
![[Leiningen dynasty (Germany)] [Leiningen dynasty
(Germany)]](de-Leiningen.jpg)
Map of Leiningen (1803)
|
Capital:
Amorbach
|
Population:
Leiningen-Amorbach: 98,000 (1804)
Leiningen-Billigheim: 1,100 (1804)
Leiningen-Neudenau: 2,600 (1804)
|
Counts (title Graf zu Neu-Leiningen)
16 Aug 1705 - 4 May 1726 Georg II Karl
Ludwig
(b. 1666 - d.
1726)
4 May 1726 - 3 Jul
1779 Georg Karl I August
Ludwig
(b. 1717 - d. 1787)
4 May 1726 -
1738
Margareta Christiana Augusta Gräfin
(b. 1694 - d. 1761)
von Gyldenløv-Danneskiold (f) -Regent
(to 3 May 1739 for Georg Ernst Ludwig)
- jointly with -
4 May 1726 -
1759
Georg Ernst
Ludwig
(b. 1718 - d. 1765)
Princes
(title Fürst zu Leiningen)
3 Jul 1779 - 19 Mar 1787
Georg Karl I August
Ludwig
(s.a.)
19 Mar 1787 - 7 Jun 1798 Karl II Gustav
Reinhard Woldemar
(b. 1747 - d. 1798)
7 Jun 1798 - 12 Jul 1806 Ferdinand Karl
III Wilhelm Leopold
(b. 1767 - d. 1813)
Leyen: see Hohengeroldseck
Liechtenstein: see separate
entry for Liechtenstein
Liège (Lüttich)(bishopric):
see under Belgium
Ligne (Fagnolle): see under Belgium
Limburg: see under Belgium
Lindau am Bodensee
1043
Benedictine Abbey of Lindau am Bodensee (Damenstift
Lindau).
1275 -
1802
Lindau city a free imperial city.
1466
Abbesses made Princesses of the Empire (Reichsstift
Lindau).
1488 -
1496
City and Abbey member of Swabian League.
1528
Kanonissenstift Lindau
27 Apr
1803
Secularized as a county for the Count of Bretzenheim.
14 Mar
1804
Ceded to Austria.
23 Dec
1805
Annexed by Bavaria.
14 Mar
1806
Bavaria takes possession.
Princess-Abbesses (title Reichsäbtissin zu
Lindau)
25 Oct 1689 - 20 Aug 1720 Maria
Magdalena von Hallweil
(d. 1720)
(von Herblingen)
26 Nov 1720 - 4 Aug 1730 Maria
Anna Francisca Hundpissin (b. 1654 - d.
1730)
von Waltrams
25 Aug 1730 - Apr
1743 Maria Anna
Margaretha von
(b. 1711 - d. 1771)
Gemmingen (1st time)
24 Apr 1743 - 1 Mar 1757
Therese Wilhelmine von
(b. c.1680 - d.
1757)
Pollheim-Winkelhausen
20 Jul 1757 - 25 Jan 1771 Maria
Anna Margaretha von
(s.a.)
Gemmingen (2nd time)
8 Oct 1767 - 26 Apr 1782 Maria
Josepha Agatha von
Ulm- (b. 1712 - d.
1782)
Langenrhein
(co-adjutor to 25 Jan 1771)
8 Apr 1782 - 20 Jan 1796 Frederike
Caroline
Josephine (b.
1771 - d. 1816)
Gräfin von Bretzenheim
(co-adjutor to 26 Apr 1782)
18 Apr 1796 - 1800
Maria Anna Franziska Susanna Clara
(b. 17.. - d. 1800)
Ferdinanda von Ulm-Langenrhein
1800 - 27 Apr
1803 Vacant
Count (title Graf zu
Bretzenheim und Lindau)
27 Apr 1803 - 14 Mar 1804 Karl
August Fürst von Bretzenheim (b. 1768 - d.
1828)
von Regecz
Lippe
-
- c.1820 - 1904 Civil Flag
|
-
- 1904 - 12 Nov 1918 Civil &
State Flag
|
-
- 1856 - c.1876 State Flag
|
-
- c.1876 - 1904 State Flag
|
Map of Lippe-Detmold
|
State Anthem
"Lippe-Detmold Eine
Wunderschöne Stadt"
(Lippe-Detmold a Beautiful City) (c.1914-1918)
(unofficial)
|
Royal Anthem
"Heil, unserm Füresten, Heil!" (Hail to our Prince,
Hail!) (c.1871-1918)
|
Constitution
(8 Jun 1819,
6 Jul 1836) |
Capital: Detmold
|
Currency:
same as
Braunschweig 1764-1872 |
State Holiday:
Birthday of the Prince
(unofficial) |
Population: 150,937 (1910)
112,452 (1881)
70,000 (1804)
|
Military: 1,100 (1860) |
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions:
Protestant 97%, Roman Catholic 2%, Jewish 1%
(1860) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1842-1871) |
1129
Lordship of (the) Lippe founded (Herrschaft Lippe)
[Lippe is the name of a river]. Style: Edler Herr
zur Lippe.
1529
Polity elevated to rank of county (Grafschaft Lippe);
style: Graf und Edler Herr zur Lippe.
1616
The dynastic line is divided into four "sovereign"
lines:
Lippe-Detmold, Lippe-Brake, Lippe-Schwalenberg
(extinct
23 Sep 1620), Lippe-Alverdissen; plus two
"non-sovereign"
lines. The style of the rulers of the "sovereign"
lines
remains Graf und Edler Herr zur Lippe.
21 Feb
1709
Lippe-Brake extinct, incorporated into Lippe-Detmold.
27 Oct
1720
Polity elevated to the rank of principality
(Fürstentum Lippe), but style in use only from 16
Dec 1789.
1749
On the extinction of the Lippe-Alverdissen line
(which had generated the ruling line in Schaumburg-Lippe),
the single Lippe-Detmold line survives. (Detmold
is
the capital town; the term Lippe-Detmold is sometimes
retained in informal use for the whole polity).
16 Dec
1789
Style Principality of Lippe (Fürstentum Lippe) in
use.
12 Nov
1918
Free State Lippe (Freistaat Lippe)(see under
German
states since 1918).
Lippe-Detmold
Counts (title Graf und Edler Herr zur Lippe)
22 May 1697 - 18 Jul 1718 Friedrich
Adolf
(b. 1667 - d. 1718)
18 Jul 1718 - 12 Oct 1734 Simon Heinrich
Adolf
(b. 1694 - d. 1734)
(recognized as Reichsfürst [prince]
from 27 Oct 1720, but not so his successors)
12 Oct 1734 -
1749
Simon
August
(b. 1727 - d. 1782)
Lippe-Brake
Counts (title Graf und Edler Herr zur Lippe)
18 Nov 1657 - 12 Mar 1700
Kasimir
(b. 1627 - d. 1700)
12 Mar 1700 - 27 Oct 1707
Rudolf
(b. 1664 - d. 1707)
27 Oct 1707 - 21 Feb 1709 Ludwig
Ferdinand
(b. 1680 - d. 1709)
Lippe-Alverdissen
Counts (title Graf und Edler Herr zur Lippe)
20 Apr 1681 - 27 Nov 1723 Philipp
Ernst
(b. 1659 - d. 1723)
27 Nov 1723 -
1749
Friedrich
Ernst
(b. 1694 - d. 1777)
Lippe (reunited)
-
![[Lippe-Detmold civil flag, 1904-1918
(Germany)] [Lippe-Detmold
civil flag, 1904-1918 (Germany)]](de-li880.gif)
- 1904 - 12 Nov 1918
|
Counts (title Graf und Edler Herr zur Lippe)
1749 - 1 May
1782 Simon
Augustus
(s.a.)
1 May 1782 - 16 Dec 1789
Leopold
I
(b. 1767 - d. 1802)
1 May 1782 - 16 Dec 1789
Ludwig Adolf -Regent
(b. 1732 - d. 1800)
Princes (title Fürst zur Lippe)
16 Dec 1789 - 4 Apr 1802
Leopold
I
(s.a.)
4 Apr 1802 - 1 Jan
1851 Leopold
II
(b. 1800 - d. 1851)
4 Apr 1802 - 3 Jul
1820 Pauline Fürstin von
Anhalt- (b. 1769
- d. 1820)
Bernberg (f) -Regent
1 Jan 1851 - 8 Dec
1875 Leopold
III
(b. 1821 - d. 1875)
8 Dec 1875 - 20 Mar 1895
Woldemar
(b. 1824 - d. 1895)
20 Mar 1895 - 13 Jan 1905
Alexander
(b. 1831 - d. 1905)
Regents
22 Jun 1895 - 10 Jul 1897 Prinz Adolf zu Schaumburg-Lippe
(b. 1859 - d. 1916)
10 Jul 1897 - 26 Sep 1904 Ernst
Graf zur Lippe-Biesterfeld (b.
1842 - d. 1904)
26 Sep 1904 - 25 Oct 1905 Leopold
Graf zur Lippe-Biesterfeld (b. 1871 - d. 1949)
(for Alexander to 13 Jan 1905)
Prince (title Fürst zur Lippe)
25 Oct 1905 - 12 Nov 1918 Leopold
IV
(s.a.)
Chancellors
1810 -
1828
Karl Friedrich Funk von Senftenau (b. 1748 - d.
1828)
1829 -
1832
Friedrich Wilhelm Helwing
(b. 1758 - d. 1833)
1832 -
1848
Wilhelm Arnold
Eschenburg
(b. 1778 - d. 1861)
1848 -
1850
Friedrich Simon
Leopold
(b. 1774 - d. 1850)
1850 -
1853
Christian Theodor von Meien
(b. 1781 - d. 1857)
Cabinet Ministers
1853 -
1855
Laurenz Martin Hannibal Christian (b. 1784 - d.
1868)
Fischer
1856 -
1868
Alexander Wilhelm Heinrich August (b. 1820 - d.
1903)
von Oheimb
1868 -
1872
Karl Theodor
Heldmann
(b. 1801 - d. 1872)
1872 -
1875
Julius Adalbert von
Flottwell (b. 1829 - d.
1909)
1876 -
1885
August Eschenburg
(b. 1823 - d. 1884)
1885 -
1889
Hugo Samuel Wilhelm Egmont
(b. 1842 - d. 1904)
Freiherr von Richthofen
1889 -
1895
Friedrich Otto Hermann Wolffgramm (b. 1836 - d.
1895)
(from 1890, Friedrich Otto Hermann
von Wolffgramm)
1895 -
1897
Karl Friedrich von Oertzen
(b. 1844 - d. 1914)
Ministers of State
1897 -
1899
Karl Gustav Oskar Miesitschek von (b. 1859 - d.
1937)
Wischkau
1900 -
1912
Max Freiherr von Gevekot
(b. 1845 - d. 1916)
1913 - 12 Nov
1918
Karl Ludwig Freiherr von Biedenweg (b. 1864 - d.
1940) Non-party
Livonia (Livland) : see
under Latvia
Lorraine (Lothringen):
see France provinces
to 1791
Löwenstein-Wertheim
c.1090
Territory acquired by Calw.
1123
Lowenstein founded by Calw.
1255
To Calw-Löwenstein.
1277 - 1281
Sold to the Bishopric of Würzburg.
1281 - 1283
To Austria.
1283
To Albert de Schenkenberg
who took the title Löwenstein.
1382
Half sold to the Palatinate.
1441
Remainder sold to the Palatinate.
1464
Extinct
1488
To Louis of Scharfeneck.
1494
County of Löwenstein-Wertheim (Grafschaft
Löwenstein-Wertheim)
1504 - 1510
To Württemberg.
1510
Löwenstein restored,
but as fief of Württemberg.
1552
Partitioned into
Löwenstein-Löwenstein and Löwenstein-Scharfeneck.
1574
Löwenstein-Löwenstein renamed Löwenstein-Wertheim.
1611
Löwenstein-Wertheim partitioned into
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg
and Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort.
1622
Löwenstein-Scharfeneck under imperial
ban, sized by the Emperor.
12 Jul
1806
Mediatized and divided among Baden, Bavaria, Württemberg,
Würzburg, Grand Duchy of Frankfurt, and Hesse-Darmstadt.
1813/15
Lands given to the Grand
Duchy of Frankfurt and Würzburg are
divided
among Baden, Bavaria, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Württemberg.
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
1611
County of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
(Grafschaft Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort).
3 Apr
1711
Principality of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
(Fürstentum Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort).
1794
Lost left-bank
territory to France.
22 Jan 1803
Compensated with
Bronnbach and Rothenfels; renamed to
Principality of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
(Fürstentum Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg).
12 Jul
1806
Mediatized and lands divided between Hesse-Darmstadt
(Breuberg,
Heubach and Habizheim), Baden and Regensburg (Wertheim),
Württemberg (Limpurg) and Bavaria.
Count (title Graf zu Löwenstein und Graf zu
Wertheim-Rochefort)
1672 - 3 Apr 1711
Maximilian Karl Albrecht
(b. 1656 - d. 1718)
Prince (title Furst zu Löwenstein und
Graf zu Wertheim-Rochefort [from 1803,
Wertheim-Rosenberg])
3 Apr 1711 - 26 Dec 1718 Maximilian
Karl Albrecht (s.a.)
26 Dec 1718 - 16 Mar 1735 Dominikus
Marquard
(b. 1690 - d. 1735)
16 Mar 1735 - 6 Jan 1789 Karl Thomas
(b. 1714 - d. 1789)
6 Jun 1789 - 12 Jul 1806
Dominik Constantin
(b. 1762 - d.
1814)
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg
1611
County of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg
(Grafschaft Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg).
1794
Lost left-bank territory to France.
1803
Compensated with Freudenberg; renamed to
Löwenstein-Wertheim-
Freudenberg (Grafschaft
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg).
12 Jul
1806
Mediatized and lands divided between Baden, Regensburg
(Wertheim),
Württemberg (Limpurg) and Bavaria.
Counts (title Graf zu Löwenstein und
Wertheim-Virneburg [from 1803,
Wertheim-Freudenberg])
23 Mar 1683 - 31 Mar 1721 Heinrich
Friedrich
(b. 1682 - d. 1721)
31 Mar 1721 - 4 Feb 1790
Johann Ludwig
Vollrath
(b. 1705 - d. 1790)
4 Feb 1790 - 12 Jul 1806
Johann Karl
Ludwig
(b. 1740 - d. 1816)
Lübeck
-
- c.1280 - Nov 1918 Civil Flag
- (Merchant flag to 1 Jul 1867)
-
|
-
- c.1670 - 1839 State
Flag
-
|
-
- 1839 - 16 Oct 1850 State
Flag
-
|
-
- 16 Oct 1850 - 19 Nov 1890
State Flag
|
-
- 19 Nov 1890 - 24 Dec 1921
State Flag
|
-
|
Map of Lübeck (1905)
|
State
Anthem
"Lübecker Lied"
(Song of Lubeck)(1889-1918)
|
Text of
State Anthem
|
Constitution
(8 Apr 1848, 30 Dec 1848, 29 Dec
1851, 5 Apr 1857,
2 Oct 1907)
|
Capital:
Lübeck
|
Currency: 1762-1875
same as Hamburg |
State
Holiday: 2 Sep (1870) Sedantag (Day of
Sedan) (c.1888-1918) (unofficial)
----------------------------------
18 Oct (1813)
Erinnerungsfeier der Schlacht bei Leipzig
(Commemoration of Battle of Leipzig)
(1814-c.1888) (unofficial) |
Population:
112,890 (1910)
93,241 (1900)
31,450 (1807)
|
Military: 630 (1860)
Merchant marine: 45 sea-going vessels
(1864) |
Exports: 3 million Vereinsthalers
(1858)
Imports: 24 million
Vereinsthalers (1858) |
Religions:
Protestant 98%, Jewish 2% (1860) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1868-1871) |
c.819
Liubice founded.
1127
Burned to the ground.
1143
Lübeck re-founded at modern location.
1160
Granted city rights.
1181 -
1189
Free Imperial City (Freie und Reichsstädte).
1189
Part of Duchy of Saxony.
1192
Part of Holstein.
1217 -
1226
Danish occupation.
1226
Free Imperial City, four mayors to 1811, 1813-31 Dec
1848;
four "succession lines" can be distinguished.
1356 - 1669
Member of the Hanseatic League.
1420 - 1 Jan
1868
Bergedorf annexed (joint condominium with Hamburg to
1868).
9 Jan
1669
Main dispute between the council and the citizens.
1806
Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck (Freien und
Hansestadt
Lübeck)
1806 -
1811
Lübeck and the Hanseatic cities occupied by France
(see Hamburg).
13 Dec 1810 - 19 Mar 1813 Incorporated
into France;
from 1 Jan 1811 as arrondissement de
Lubeck, within département
Bouches-de-l'Elbe (see under Germany).
19 Mar 1813
Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck
(restored).
3 Jun 1813 - 5 Dec 1813
Re-incorporated into France.
5 Dec
1813
Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck (Freie und
Hansestadt
Lübeck)(restored)(see under German states
since 1918).
Mayors (Bürgermeister)
- Line 1 -
1697 - 16 Jun
1705
Gotthard Kerkerink
(b. 1639 - d. 1705)
1706 -
1708
Sebastian Gerken
(b. 1656 - d. 1710)
1708 - 4 Mar
1729
Adolf Matthäus Rodde
(b. 1655 - d. 1729)
1731 - 9 Apr 1731
Jakob Hübens
(b. 1654 - d. 1731)
1732 -
1737
Johann Heinrich Dreyer
(b. 1670 - d. 1737)
1738 -
1743
Hermann Münter
(b. 1679 - d. 1743)
1743 -
1757
Heinrich Rust
(b. 1678 - d. 1757)
1757 -
1761
Matthäus Rodde II
(b. 1681 - d. 1761)
1761 -
1768
Ludwig Philipp Röck (Roeck)
(b. 1697 - d. 1768)
1769 -
1773
Friedrich Green
(b. 1701 - d. 1773)
1773 - 27 Nov 1788
Joachim Peters
(b. 1712 - d. 1788)
1789 -
1790
Franz Berhard Rodde
(b. 1721 - d. 1790)
1790 -
1792
Anton Dietrich Wilken
(b. 1715 - d. 1792)
1792 - 15 Nov
1798
Jürgen Bloom
(b. 1733 - d. 1798)
1799 -
1804
Johann Georg
Böhme
(b. 1730 - d. 1804)
1804 -
1810
Johann Philipp
Plessing
(b. 1741 - d. 1810)
1810 - 11 Feb 1811
Georg David
Richerz
(b. 1742 - d. 1811)
19 Mar 1813 - 3 Jun
1813 ....
Mar 1814 -
1821
Christian Adolf Overbeck
(b. 1755 - d. 1821)
1821 -
1845
Christian Heinrich
Kindler
(b. 1762 - d. 1845)
1845 - 31 Dec
1848
Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl (b. 1790 -
d. 1870)
(1st time)
- Line 2 -
1695 -
1703
Hieronymus von Dorne
(b. 1646 - d. 1704)
1703 - 31 Jul
1714
Johann Westken
(b. 1623 - d. 1714)
1715 -
1722
Peter Heinrich Tesdorpf I
(b. 1648 - d. 1716)
1722 -
1727
Joachim Lüder Carstens
(b. 1655 - d. 1727)
1728 -
1732
Heinrich von Brömsen
(b. 1673 - d. 1732)
1732 -
1744
Anton von Lüneburg
(b. 1678 - d. 1744)
1744 -
1750
Johann Adolf Krohn
(b. 1674 - d. 1750)
1750 -
1757
Andreas Albrecht von Brömsen (b.
1703 - d. 1767)
1757 -
1778
Daniel Häks (Haecks)
(b. 1706 - d. 1778)
1778 -
1805
Hermann Georg Büneckau
(b. 1738 - d. 1805)
1805 - 11 Feb 1811
Johann Kaspar
Lindenberg (1st time)(b. 1740 - d. 1824)
19 Mar 1813 - 3 Jun
1813 Johann Kaspar Lindenberg (2nd time)(s.a.)
5 Dec 1813 - 28 Apr 1824 Johann
Kaspar Lindenberg (3rd time)(s.a.)
1824 - 14 Apr
1833
Adolf Heinrich
Voeg
(b. 1766 - d. 1833)
1833
Johann Heinrich Kipp
(b. 1771 - d. 1833)
1833 - 31 Dec
1848
Bernhard Heinrich
Frister
(b. 1778 - d. 1861)
(1st time)
- Line 3 -
1669 - 1 Sep
1700
Johann Ritter
(b. 1622 - d. 1700)
1706 - 18 Dec
1716
Thomas von Wickede II
(b. 1646 - d. 1716)
1717 -
1724
Daniel Müller II
(b. 1661 - d. 1724)
1724 -
1730
Hermann Rodde
(b. 1666 - d. 1730)
1731 -
1734
Christian Albrecht Niemann
(b. 1680 - d. 1734)
1735 -
1743
August Simon Lindholz
(b. 1679 - d. 1743)
1744 -
1765
Gotthard Arnold Isselhorst
(b. 1682 - d. 1765)
1765 - 22 Dec
1782
Georg Wilhelm Detharding
(b. 1701 - d. 1782)
1783 -
1793
Joachim Tank
(b. 1724 - d.
1793)
1794 -
1799
Gabriel Christian Lemcke
(b. 1738 - d. 1799)
1800 -
1806
Christian von Brömsen
(b. 1742 - d. 1808)
1806 - 11 Feb 1811
Matthäus
Rodde III
(b. 1754 - d. 1825)
19 Mar 1813 - 3 Jun
1813 Nikolaus Jakob Keusch (1st time)
(b. 1745 - d. 1817)
5 Dec 1813 - 7 Oct
1817 Nikolaus Jakob Keusch (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1818 - 1824
Stephan Heinrich Behnke
(b. 1747 - d. 1824)
1826 - 20 Mar 1826
Friedrich
Nölting
(b. 1759 - d. 1826)
1827 -
1832
Peter Heinrich Tesdorpf II
(b. 1751 - d. 1832)
1832 - 31 Dec
1848
Thomas Günter Wunderlich
(b. 1774 - d. 1852)
- Line 4 -
1694 -
1707
Anton Winkler
(b. 1657 - d. 1707)
1707 -
1724
Daniel Müller I
(b. 1661 - d. 1724)
1724 -
1750
Heinrich Balemann
(b. 1677 - d. 1750)
1750 -
1761
Johann Friedrich Carstens
(b. 1696 - d. 1761)
1761 -
1768
Heinrich Dietrich Balemann
(b. 1703 - d. 1768)
1768 -
1773
Heinrich Brokes II
(b. 1706 - d. 1773)
1773 -
1776
Bernhard von Wickede
(b. 1705 - d. 1776)
1777 - 25 Nov
1780
Joachim Matthias Lütkens
(b. 1713 - d. 1780)
1781 - 1786
Johann Arnold Isselhorst
(b. 1720 - d. 1786)
1786 -
1805
Hermann Dietrich Krohn
(b. 1734 - d. 1805)
1805 - 11 Feb 1811
Johann
Matthäus Tesdorpf
(1st
time)
(b. 1749 - d. 1824)
19 Mar 1813 - 3 Jun
1813 Johann
Matthäus Tesdorpf
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
5 Dec 1813 - 25 Jan
1824 Johann Matthäus Tesdorpf
(3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1825 - 31 Dec
1848
Christian Nicolaus von Evers
(b. 1775 - d. 1862)
Sous-préfet,
arrondissement
de Lubeck
(subordinated to the
prefects of Bouches-de-l'Elbe)
1812 -
1813
Louis-Alexandre Himbert de Flégny (b. 1750 - d.
1825)
French Mayors (Maires)
11 Feb 1811 - 17 Jul 1811 Johann Matthäus
Tesdorpf
(s.a.)
(provisional to 13 May 1811)
17 Jul 1811 - 19 Mar 1813 Anton Diedrich
Gütschow (b.
1765 - d. 1833)
(provisional to 9 Apr 1812)
19 Mar 1813 - 3 Jun 1813 the free
city restored (s.a.)
3 Jun 1813 - 7 Jul 1813
Gotthard Hinrich Meyersieck
(b. 1779 - d. 1850)
(acting)
7 Jul 1813 - 5 Dec 1813 Friedrich
Adolph von Heintze (b. 1768 - d.
1832)
(provisional; French prisoner from 12 Oct 1813)
12 Oct 1813 - 5 Dec 1813 Friedrich Wilhelm
Grabau (b.
1783 - d. 1839)
(acting for Heintze)
(French prisoner 29 Nov - 4 Dec 1813)
Presiding Mayors
1 Jan 1849 - 31 Dec 1850
Heinrich Brehmer (1st
time) (b. 1800
- d. 1872)
1 Jan 1851 - 31 Dec 1852
Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 1853 - 31 Dec 1854
Bernhard Heinrich
Frister
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 1855 - 31 Dec 1856
Karl Ludwig Röck (1st
time) (b. 1790
- d. 1869)
1 Jan 1857 - 31 Dec 1858
Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1 Jan 1859 - 31 Dec 1860
Karl Ludwig Röck (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1861 - 31 Dec 1862
Heinrich Brehmer (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1863 - 31 Dec 1864
Karl Ludwig Röck (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1865 - 31 Dec 1866
Heinrich Brehmer (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1867 - 31 Dec 1868
Karl Ludwig Röck (4th
time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1869 - 31 Dec 1870
Theodor Curtius (1st
time)
(b. 1811 - d. 1889)
1 Jan 1871 - 31 Dec 1872
Heinrich Theodor Behn (1st time) (b. 1819 -
d. 1906)
1 Jan 1873 - 31 Dec 1874
Theodor Curtius (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1875 - 31 Dec 1876
Heinrich Theodor Behn (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1877 - 31 Dec 1878
Theodor Curtius (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1879 - 31 Dec 1880
Heinrich Theodor Behn (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1881 - 31 Dec 1882
Artur Gustav Kulenkamp (1st time) (b. 1827 - d.
1895)
1 Jan 1883 - 31 Dec 1884
Heinrich Theodor Behn (4th time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1885 - 31 Dec 1886
Artur Gustav Kulenkamp (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1887 - 31 Dec 1888
Heinrich Theodor Behn (5th time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1889 - 31 Dec 1890
Artur Gustav Kulenkamp (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1891 - 31 Dec 1892
Heinrich Theodor Behn (6th time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1893 - 31 Dec 1894
Artur Gustav Kulenkamp (4th time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1895 - 31 Dec 1896
Heinrich Theodor Behn (7th time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1897 - 31 Dec 1898
Wilhelm Brehmer (1st
time)
(b. 1828 - d. 1905)
1 Jan 1899 - 31 Dec 1900
Heinrich Klug (1st
time)
(b. 1837 - d. 1912)
1 Jan 1901 - 31 Dec 1902
Wilhelm Brehmer (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1903 - 31 Dec 1904
Heinrich Klug (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Jan 1905 - 31 Dec 1906
Johann Georg Eschenburg (1st time) (b. 1844 - d. 1936)
1 Jan 1907 - 13 Oct 1908
Ernst Christian Johannes Schön
(b. 1843 - d. 1908)
1 Jan 1909 - 31 Dec 1910
Johann Georg Eschenburg (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1911 - 31 Dec 1912
Johann Hermann
Eschenburg
(b. 1844 - d. 1920)
(1st time)
1 Jan 1913 - 31 Dec 1914
Johann Georg Eschenburg (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1915 - 31 Dec 1916
Johann Hermann
Eschenburg
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jan 1917 -
1920
Emil Ferdinand
Fehling
(b. 1847 - d. 1927) Non-party
Lübeck
Bishopric
948
Bishopric of Oldenburg in Holstein
(Hochstift Oldenburg en Holstein)
1163
Bishops residence transferred to Lübeck;
Bishopric of Lübeck (Hochstift Lübeck).
1180
Bishops also Princes of the Empire.
1350
Bishops residence transferred to Eutin.
1586
Protestant Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp also Bishops.
4 Apr
1803
Created a principality (Fürstentum Lübeck)
by decree of
the Duke of Oldenburg.
26 May
1804
Personal union with Oldenburg
to 1918, some villages
are ceded to the Free City of Lübeck.
13 Dec 1810 -
1813
Incorporated into France;
from 1 Jan 1811 enclave of département
Bouches-de-l'Elbe (see under Germany).
1 Dec 1813
Restored to
Oldenburg.
11 Nov 1918
Becomes an exclave of Oldenburg.
1 Apr 1937
Incorporated into Prussian province
of Schleswig-Holstein
(see Prussia
provinces).
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Lübeck)
4 Jul 1666 - 2 Oct
1705 August Friedrich Herzog
von (b. 1646 -
d. 1705)
Holstein-Gottorp
2 Oct 1705 - 26 Apr 1706
Karl af Denmark -Regent
(b. 1680 - d. 1729)
26 Apr 1706 - 24 Apr 1726
Christian August Herzog
von (b. 1673 -
d. 1726)
Holstein-Gottorp
25 Apr 1726 - 31 May 1727 Karl
August Herzog
von
(b. 1706 - d. 1727)
Holstein-Gottorp
16 Sep 1727 - 29 Oct 1750 Adolf
Friedrich Herzog
von (b.
1710 - d. 1771)
Holstein-Gottorp
15 Dec 1750 - 6 Jul 1785
Friedrich August Herzog
von (b. 1711 -
d. 1785)
Holstein-Gottorp
6 Jul 1785 - 4 Jul
1803 Peter Friedrich Ludwig
Herzog (b. 1755 - d. 1829)
von Holstein-Gottorp
Princes (title Fürst von Lübeck)
4 Apr 1803 - 26 May 1806
Peter Friedrich Ludwig
Herzog (s.a.)
von Holstein-Gottorp
26 May 1806 - 13 Dec 1810
the Dukes/Grand Dukes of Oldenburg
1 Dec 1813 - 11 Nov 1918 the
Dukes/Grand Dukes of Oldenburg
Lucca: see under Italian states to 1860
Lucerne (Luzern): see under Swiss Cantons
Lüneburg
1269
Principality of Lüneburg (Fürstentum
Lüneburg), partitioned from
Brunswick and Lüneburg.
1369
Extinct; War of the
Lüneburg Succession between Brunswick-
Wolfenbüttel and Saxony.
1373 - 1285
To Saxony.
1385
To Henry and Bernard I of
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
1388
Saxony renounces claims to
Lüneburg; henceforth known as
Brunswick-Lüneburg.
1524
Reformation introduced by Duke Ernst I.
28 Aug
1705
Incorporated into Kurbraunschweig
(Hanover).
10 Dec
1810
Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
23 Apr
1813
Administered by Hanover.
20 Dec
1813
Incorporated into Hanover.
Duke and Prince (title Herzog zu Braunschweig
und Fürst zu Lüneburg)
12 Sep 1665 - 28 Aug 1705 Georg
Wilhelm
(b. 1624 - d. 1705)
Hanover Government Commissioners
23 Apr 1813 - 20 Dec 1813 Carl Levin Otto
von Lenthe
(b. 1746 - d. 1815)
+ Georg Hans Werner von Meding (b.
1746 - d. 1837)
+ Philipp Wilhelm Jochmus
(b. 1765 - d. 1847)
Lustenau: see
Vorarlberg under Austrian Lands
to 1918
Lüttich: see
Liège under Belgium
Luxembourg (Lützelburg): see
separate page for Luxembourg
Lucerne (Luzern): see
under Swiss Cantons
Magdeburg: see under Prussian provinces
Mainz (Mayence)
to 1806
|
80
Bishopric of Mayence (Stift Mainz) founded,
according to legend.
780
Raised to Archbishopric of Mayence (Erzstift Mainz).
965
Archbishop is Archchancellor continuously from this date
(intermittently from 911).
1244 -
1462
Separate free city of Mainz.
1257
Archbishop recognized continuously from this date as
Elector
(Kurfürstentum
Mainz, in Latin: Electoratus Moguntinus).
25 Dec
1356
Golden Bull codifies Archchancellor office and electoral
status.
22 Oct 1792 - 23 Jul 1793 Mainz city occupied by
France, Electoral government moves to
Aschaffenburg.
19 Nov 1792
Pro-French Provisional Administration
formed in Mainz.
24 Feb
1793
Elections to the Rhenish-German National Convention (Rheinisch-
Deutschen Nationalkonvent) take place.
16 Mar 1793 - 23 Jul 1793 Rhenish-German Free
State (Rheinisch-Deutschen Freistaat), also
called the Republic of Mainz (Mainzer Republik/République
de
Mayence), proclaimed (area of Mainz and
its hinterland on the left
bank of
the Rhine between Landau and Bingen).
17 Mar
1793
Rhenish-German National Convention declares
the represented
territory to be free and democratic, and disclaimed
any ties to
the Empire.
21 Mar
1793
The deputies unanimously ask the French National
Convention for the
unification of the Rhenish-German Free State with
France (accepted
by the French National Convention on 30 Mar 1793).
30 Mar
1793
Annexed to France.
23 Jul 1793 - 21 Oct 1795 Allied
(Prussian-Hessian) occupation.
4 Dec 1794 - 21 Oct 1795 French siege
of Mainz.
21 Oct 1795
France occupies city of Mainz.
18 Oct
1797
Territories west of the Rhine, including Mainz, ceded to
France by
the Treaty of Camp Formio.
30 Dec
1797
France occupies the Fortress of Mainz.
9 Mar
1801
Western parts of the electorate of Mainz (including
Mainz itself)
part of French département Mont-Tonnerre (see
under Germany).
27 Apr
1803
Final Act (enactment of Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
of
25 Feb 1803) abolishes the electoral principality of
Mayence;
archbishop preserves offices of archchancellor and
prince-elector, with new see of Ratisbon (Regensburg),
and parts
of the
electoral territories east of the Rhine.
25 Jul
1806
Archbishop resigns from the Empire and becomes
prince-primate
(Fürstprimas) of the Rhine Confederation.
21 Nov 1813 - 4 May 1814 Mainz under siege
by Allied troops. Adjoining area from 2 Feb 1814
part of
Government-General of Middle Rhine (Mittelrhein)(see
under Trier).
4 May
1814
Mainz surrender of French forces to Allies (Coburg,
Nassau).
15 Jun 1814 - 30 May 1816 Area of Mainz under
joint Austro-Bavarian administration (seat
in
Kreuznach, from May 1815 in Worms), rule in the city
itself
shared with Prussia (see under Palatine).
1 Jun 1816 - 7 Jul 1816 Ceded to
Prussia.
7 Jul 1816
Part of Hesse-Darmstadt
(by treaty of 30 Jun 1816 with Prussia)
(part of Rheinhessen province).
Archbishops¹
30 Mar 1695 - 30 Jan 1729 Lothar Franz
Reichsfreiherr von Schönborn (b. 1655 - d. 1729)
(from 1701, Lothar Franz Graf von Schönborn)
7 Apr 1729 - 18 Apr 1732 Franz Ludwig
Pfalzgraf bei
Rhein,
(b. 1664 - d. 1732)
Herzog von Neuburg
9 Jun 1732 - 20 Mar 1743 Philipp Karl
Freiherr von Eltz-Kempenich (b. 1665 - d.
1743)
22 Apr 1743 - 4 Jun 1763 Johann
Friedrich Karl Graf von
Ostein (b. 1689 - d.
1763)
5 Jul 1763 - 11 Jun 1774 Emmerich Joseph
Freiherr von Breidbach (b.
1707 - d. 1774)
zu Bürresheim
18 Jul 1774 - 4 Jul 1802 Friedrich Karl
Joseph
Freiherr
(b. 1719 - d. 1802)
von Erthal (from 1752, in Aschaffenburg)
4 Jul 1802 - 25 Jul 1806 Karl Theodor
Anton Maria Reichsfreiherr (b. 1744 - d.
1817)
von
und zu Dalberg
Chairman of the Provisional Administration
19 Nov 1792 - 17 Mar 1793 Anton Joseph
Dorsch
(b. 1758 - d. 1819)
Nov 1792 - Jul
1793 French
Commissioners
- Jean-Baptiste François
Reubell
(b. 1747 - d. 1807)
- Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville (b.
1762 - d. 1833)
- Nicolas Haussmann (to Jan
1793)
(b. 1760 - d. 1846)
- Johann Friedrich
Simon
(b. 1747 - d. 1829)
(from Jan 1793 - Mar 1793)
- Ludwig
Meyenfeld
(b. 1751 - d. 1834)
(from Mar 1793)
Chairman of the Rhenish-German National Council
17 Mar 1793 - 23 Jul 1793 Andreas Joseph
Hofmann
(b. 1752 - d. 1849)
Presidents of Joint Land Administration Commission
[rotated every 15 days]
Jun 1814 - Jul 1815 Hermann
Franz Freiherr von Hess (Austria) (b. 1775 - d.
1855)
Jun 1814 - May 1816 Franz
Xaver Freiherr von Zwack (Bavaria) (b.
1756 - d. 1843)
Jul 1815 – May 1816
Johann Wilhelm von Drossdik
(Austria) (b. 1771 - d.
1859)
First State and Conference Ministers (Staats-
und Konferenzminister)[post established 1754]
1754 – 1767
Anton Friedrich Graf
von Stadion
(b. 1691 - d. 1768)
1767 – 1770
Friedrich Carl Freiherr von
Groschlag (b. 1729 - d.
1799)
1770 – 1774
Anselm Franz Graf von
Bentzel-Sternau (b. 1738 - d.
1786)
1775 – 1782
Wilhelm Friedrich Graf von
Sickingen (b. 1739 - d.
1818)
1783 – 1802
Lothar Franz Freiherr von
Erthal
(b. 1717 - d. 1805)
1802 - 1803
Franz Joseph Freiherr von Albini
(b. 1748 - d. 1816)
- ¹Full title to 27 Apr 1803: Archbishop of
Mayence and Archchancellor of the Holy Roman Empire
for Germany and Prince-Elector (Erzbischof von
Mainz und des Heiligen Römischen Reichs Erzkanzler
für Germanien und Kurfürst); from 27 Apr
1803: Archchancellor and Prince-Elector of the Holy
Roman Empire and Archbishop of Ratisbon (Erzkanzler
und Kurfürst des Heiligen Römischen Reichs und
Erzbischof von Regensburg).
Mantua: see
under Italian
states to 1860
Mark: see
under Prussia
provinces
- Mark Brandenburg: see Brandenburg under Prussia provinces
Massa and Carrara:
see under Italian
states to 1860
-
Mecklenburg
8 Jul
1348
Duchy of Mecklenburg (Herzogtum Mecklenburg)
established;
style of ruler (typical version): Herzog zu
Mecklenburg,
Fürst zu Wenden, Rostock und Stargard des Landes Herr
(short
Latin
version Dux Megapolitanus).
13 Jul 1471 - 2 Nov 1695 There are several
incomplete and informal territorial
divisions, centered mainly on Schwerin and Güstrow, and
some
sources regard these as separate polities;
1628-1631 Mecklenburg-
Güstrow and Mecklenburg-Schwerin are stripped from the
ducal
brothers
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