German States before 1918 N-Q
Note: The list below is only
complete for those polities that survived beyond 1806.
Within
the Holy Roman Empire, there existed
countless minor states (ecclesiastical states, imperial
cities, imperial villages, lordships,
counties, baronies, principalities, etc.), which
are nearly impossible to list with even
partial accuracy. A major reorganization was
brought about by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
of 1803, when more than 100 polities were
abolished. Polities listed prior to
1806 are a sample of the major or most well known
polities of the Holy Roman Empire and
the Confederation of the Rhine. After 1806, all the
polities that survived the Napoleonic
Wars and the Congress of Vienna are listed.
For the sake of providing a
division between eras, after the republican
revolutions
of Nov 1918, which overthrew the last
German monarchies, remaining states are listed under
German
states since 1918; these include
the states (länder)
and former provinces of Germany. The
provinces of Prussia are listed in a separate section
following the entry for Prussia (Prussian provinces).
Statistical data is given only for those polities that
survived until 1866.
Noble titles:
Edler/Edle = Noble; Erzherzog/Erzherzogin
= Archduke/Archduchess; Freiherr/Freifrau
= Baron/Baroness; Fürst/Fürstin
= Prince/Princess; Gefürsteter
Graf/Gräfin = Princely
Count/Countess; Graf/Gräfin
= Count/Countess; Grossherzog/Grossherzogin
= Grand Duke/Duchess; Herr/Herrin
= Lord/Lady; Herzog/Herzogin
= Duke/Duchess; Kaiser/Kaiserin
= Emperor/Empress; Köing/Königin
= King/Queen; Kurfürst/Kurfürstin
= Prince/Princess Elector; Landgraf/Landgräfin
= Landgrave/Landgravine; Markgraf/Markgräfin
= Margrave/Margravine; Pfalzgraf/Pfalzgräfin
= Count/Countess Palatine; Pfalzgraf/Pfalzgräfin
bei Rhein = Count/Countess Palatine of the Rhine;
Prinz/Prinzessin = Prince/Princess;
Reichsfreiherr = Imperial Baron;
Reichsgraf/Reichsgräfin =
Imperial Count/Countess; Rheingraf/Rheingräfin
= Rhinegrave/Rhinegravine;
Ritter = Knight; Wildgraf
= Wildgrave.
Ecclesiastical titles:
Äbt/Äbtissin
= Abbot/Abbess; Bischof
= bishop; Erzbischof = Archbishop;
Fürstabte = Prince-Abbot; Fürstabtissin
= Princess-Abbess; Fürstbischof
= Prince-bishop
- Maps showing some of the major
territorial changes: Historical
Map of Germany in 1660;
- Historical
map of Germany in 1789; Historical
map of Germany in 1803; Map
of Germany in 1812;
- Map
of German Confederation 1815; Map
of German Empire 1871
Nassau
1159
County of Nassau (Grafschaft Nassau) established.
16 Dec
1255
Dynasty divided into Ottonische Linie (leading to
Oranje-Nassau) and Walramische Linie (with which this
record is exclusively concerned).
25 Nov
1355
Division into Nassau-(Wiesbaden-)Idstein and
Nassau-Weilburg.
Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
25 Nov
1355
County of Nassau (Grafschaft Nassau);
style: Graf von
Nassau, Herr zu Idstein und Wiesbaden.
19 Jun 1605 - 2 Jun 1677 Personal
union with Nassau-Weilburg.
4 Aug
1688
Principality of Nassau (Fürstentum Nassau;
commonly
Fürstentum Nassau-Idstein).
26 Oct
1721
Incorporated into Nassau-Ottweiler.
Count (title Graf
von Nassau, Herr zu Idstein und Wiesbaden)
2 Jun 1677 - 4 Aug
1688 Georg August
Samuel
(b. 1665 - d. 1721)
Prince (title Fürst zu Nassau)
4 Aug 1688 - 26 Oct 1721
Georg August
Samuel
(s.a.)
Nassau-Weilburg
25 Nov
1355
County of Nassau (Grafschaft Nassau); style: Graf
von
Nassau, Herr zu Weilburg.
26 Sep
1366
Princely County of Nassau (Gefürstete Grafschaft
Nassau);
style: Gefürsteter Graf von Nassau, Graf von
Saarbrücken
(from 11 Mar 1381), Herr zu Weilburg.
27 Feb
1442
Nassau-Saarbrücken is split off.
1561 - 22 Mar
1602
Split into Nassau-Weilburg and Nassau-Weilnau.
5 Sep
1737
Principality of Nassau (Fürstentum Nassau;
commonly
Fürstentum Nassau-Weilburg); title awarded 4 Aug
1688,
but only adopted 5 Sep 1737 upon confirmation of award.
30 Aug
1806
Combined with Nassau-Usingen into Duchy of Nassau.
Counts
18 Sep 1675 - 17 Feb 1719 Johann
Ernst
(b. 1664 - d. 1719)
17 Feb 1719 - 5 Sep 1737 Karl
August
(b. 1685 - d. 1753)
Princes
5 Sep 1737 - 9 Nov 1753 Karl
August
(s.a.)
9 Nov 1753 - 28 Nov 1788 Karl
Christian
(b. 1735 - d. 1788)
28 Nov 1788 - 30 Aug 1806 Friedrich
Wilhelm
(b. 1768 - d. 1816)
Directing President
1788 - 30 Aug
1806
Hans Christoph Ernst
Freiherr (b. 1766 - d.
1852)
von Gagern
Nassau-Saarbrücken
-
27 Feb
1442
County of Nassau (Grafschaft Nassau); style:
Gefürsteter Graf von Nassau, Graf von
Saarbrücken.
23 Nov 1574 - 5 Feb 1629 Personal union
with Nassau-Weilburg.
1648
Nassau-Saarbrücken re-founded.
10 Apr
1659
Divided into Nassau-Saarbrücken, Nassau-Ottweiler, and
Nassau-Usingen.
6 Dec
1723
Nassau-Saarbrücken and Nassau-Ottweiler re-combined.
Oct 1792 - 18 Oct 1797 Occupied by
France.
Oct 1792 - 27 Apr 1797 The
line continues in rebellion.
18 Oct 1797 - 1814
Incorporated
into France
(Saarbrücken part of the Sarre
department 9 Mar 1801).
1814
Saarbrücken annexed to Prussia.
Counts
19 Oct 1677 - 14 Feb 1713 Ludwig
Crato
(b. 1663 - d. 1713)
(Nassau-Saarbrücken only)
14 Feb 1713 - 6 Dec 1723 Karl
Ludwig
(b. 1665 - d. 1723)
(Nassau-Saarbrücken only)
9 Feb 1690 - 25 May 1728 Friedrich
Ludwig
(b. 1651 - d. 1728)
(in Nassau-Ottweiler only to 6 Dec
1723)
25 May 1728 - 6 Dec 1735
Karl
(b. 1712 - d. 1775)
6 Dec 1735 - 24 Jul 1768 Wilhelm
Heinrich
(b. 1718 - d. 1768)
24 Jul 1768 - 2 Mar 1794
Ludwig
(b. 1745 - d. 1794)
(from Oct 1792, in rebellion against France)
2 Mar 1794 - 27 Apr 1797 Heinrich Ludwig
Karl Albrecht (b. 1768 -
d. 1797)
(in rebellion against France)
Nassau-Usingen
10 Apr
1659
County of Nassau (Grafschaft Nassau; commonly Grafschaft
Nassau-Usingen); style: Gefürsteter Graf von
Nassau.
4 Aug
1688
Principality of Nassau (Fürstentum Nassau;
commonly
Fürstentum Nassau-Usingen); style:
Fürst zu Nassau.
31 Jul
1806
The ruler takes the style Herzog zu Nassau, as
mandated by
the provisions of the Rheinbundakte: "the head
of the
house of Nassau shall take the style of Duke."
30 Aug
1806
Combined with Nassau-Weilburg into Duchy of Nassau.
Princes
4 Aug 1688 - 17 Oct 1702
Walrad
(b. 1635 - d. 1702)
17 Oct 1702 - 14 Feb 1718 Wilhelm
Heinrich
(b. 1684 - d. 1718)
14 Feb 1718 - 21 Jun 1775
Karl
(b. 1712 - d. 1775)
14 Feb 1718 - 11 Oct 1738 Charlotte Amalia von
Nassau- (b. 1680 -
d. 1738)
Dillenburg (f) -Regent
21 Jun 1775 - 17 May 1803 Karl
Wilhelm
(b. 1735 - d. 1803)
17 May 1803 - 31 Jul 1806 Friedrich
August
(b. 1738 - d. 1816)
Duke
31 Jul 1806 - 30 Aug 1806 Friedrich
August
(s.a.)
Directing Presidents
Dec 1768 - 4 Jul 1803 Karl
Friedrich Freiherr von Kruse (b. 1737 - d. 1806)
1803 - 30 Aug
1806
Ernst Franz Ludwig
Freiherr (b.
1770 - d. 1834)
Marschall von Bieberstein
Nassau
c.1830 - c.1839
|
c.1839 - 20 Sep 1866
|
Map of Nassau
|
Hear State Anthem
"Heil unserm Herzog,
Heil!"
(Hail to our Duke, Hail!)
|
Text of State
Anthem
|
Constitution
(1 Sep 1814,
28 Dec 1849)
|
Capital: Wiesbaden
(and Weilburg 1806-1816)
|
Currency 1761-1866
same as Hesse-Darmstadt
|
State Holiday:
Birthday of the Duke
(unofficial)
|
Population:
468,311 (1864)
|
Military: 5,500 (1860) |
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions: Protestant
51%, Roman Catholic 47%,
Jewish 2% (1860) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1836-1866) |
30 Aug
1806
Duchy of Nassau (Herzogtum Nassau), ruled jointly
to 24 Mar 1816 by
the Duke
of Nassau (formerly prince of Nassau-Usingen) and the
Prince of Nassau (formerly prince of Nassau-Weilburg)
18 Jul
1866
Occupied by Prussia
1 Oct
1866
Annexation by Prussia.
Dukes (title Herzog zu Nassau)
30 Aug 1806 - 24 Mar 1816 Friedrich
August
(b. 1738 - d. 1816)
- jointly with-
30 Aug 1806 - 9 Jan 1816 Friedrich Wilhelm
-Prince
(b. 1768 - d. 1816)
9 Jan 1816 - 20 Aug 1839 Wilhelm (prince
to
24 Mar 1816) (b. 1792 - d.
1839)
20 Aug 1839 - 20 Sep 1866
Adolf
(b. 1817 - d. 1905)
(fled into exile from 14 Jul 1866)
Prussian Military governor
18 Jul 1866 - 13 Sep 1866 Julius August Heinrich
Edwin von (b. 1808 - d. 1889)
Roeder
Ministers
30 Aug 1806 -
1811
Hans Christoph Ernst
Freiherr (b. 1766 - d.
1852)
von Gagern (Nassau-Weilburg)
- jointly with-
30 Aug 1806 -
1815
Ernst Franz Ludwig
Freiherr (b.
1770 - d. 1834)
Marschall von Bieberstein
(Nassau-Usingen)
Directing Ministers of State
1815 - 22 Jan
1834
Ernst Franz Ludwig
Freiherr
(s.a.)
Marschall von Bieberstein
1834 -
1842
Carl Wilderich Graf
von
(b. 1799 - d. 1862)
Walderdorff
1842 -
1843
Friedrich Georg Karl Anton
(b. 1798 - d. 1866)
Freiherr von Bock-Hermsdorff
1843 -
1848
Ernst August Freiherr von Dungern (b. 1802 - d.
1862)
1848 - 2 Jan
1849
August Hergenhahn (1st
time) (b. 1804 - d.
1874)
11 Jun 1849 - 7 Feb 1852 Friedrich Gerhard
Freiherr von (b. 1799 - d. 1870)
Wintzingerode
7 Feb 1852 - 31 Jul 1866 August Ludwig
Prinz zu Sayn- (b. 1788 -
d. 1874)
Wittgenstein-Berleburg
1 Sep 1866 - 22 Dec 1866 August Hergenhahn
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
Prussian Civil commissioner
21 Jul 1866 - 20 Sep 1866 Gustav von Diest
(b. 1826 - d. 1911)
Nassau-Orange-Fulda
(1803-1806): see under Fulda
Neuburg: see Vorarlberg under Austrian Lands
to 1918
Neuenburg
(Neuchâtel): see Swiss
Cantons
Neumark: see Brandenburg under Prussia provinces
Nidwalden: see under Swiss
Cantons
Niedermünster in Regensburg
bf.788
Benedictine Abbey of Niedermünster in Regensburg
(Niedermünsterstifts in Regensburg) founded.
1002
Imperial immediacy granted
by Heinrich II (Reichsstift
Niedermünster
in Regensburg).
c.1491
Abbesses also Princess of the Empire.
1 Dec
1802
Assigned to Karl Theodor von und zu Dalberg,
Prince-Primate
(see Regensburg)(confirmed
27 Apr 1803).
9 May 1810 - 22 May 1810
French administration (see Regensburg).
22 May 1810 - 10 Feb 1811 Bavarian
administration.
10 Feb 1811
Secularized and annexed to Bavaria by treaty with
France.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstabtissin zu
Niedermünster in Regensburg)
19 Jun 1697 - 19 Mar 1723 Johanna Francisca
Sibylla von (b. 1679 - d. 1723)
Muggenthal
27 Apr 1723 - 1756
Maria Anna
Katharina Franzisca (b. 1688
- d. 1756)
Helena Gräfin von Aham auf
Neuhauss
1757 -
1768
Maria Anna Katharina von Dücker-
Hasslen-Urstein und Winckel (d. 1768)
1769 -
1789
Maria Anna Febronia Elisabeth
von Speth zu Zwiefalten (Zwyfalten)
30 Mar 1789 - 15 May 1793 Maria Francisca
Xaveria Josepha (b. 1738 - d. 1793)
Gräfin von Königsfeld
15 May 1793 - 15 May 1801 Maria Anne Violanta
von (b. 1739 -
d. 1801)
Lerchenfeld-Premberg
15 Jun 1801 -
1803
Maria Helena von
Freien-
(b. 1743 - d. 1811)
Seiboldsdorf (Seiboltsdorf)
Nivelles (abbey): see under Belgium
Nordmark: see Brandenburg under
Prussia
Nürnberg
(Nuremberg)
c.1000
Nürnberg castle (Burggraviate von
Nürnberg) established.
1192
Burggraviate is
inherited by Zollern (later Hohenzollern) dynasty.
1200
Nürnberg town granted city rights.
8 Nov 1219
Nürnberg town granted
imperial privileges.
1320
Imperial City of Nürnberg (Reichsstadt
Nürnberg).
1420
The castle is
destroyed.
27 Jun 1427
Burggraviate territories are sold to
the city. The territories
around Ansbach and Bayreuth are retained by the
Hohenzollern,
along with the title Burggraf von Nürnberg.
23 Sep 1526
Brandenburg claims some suzerain
rights beyond the city walls.
22 Apr 1617
City offices of Reichsschultheissen
(governors) and Vorderster
Losunger
(heads of city council) formally entrusted to the
same
person.
1753
Nürnberg city
boundaries with Brandenburg/Prussia fixed.
4 Jul 1796
Prussia
annexes the burggraviate area.
9 Aug 1796 - 23 Aug 1796 French occupation
of burggraviate.
7 Dec 1797 - 11 Mar 1806 City under imperial
administration.
30 Jun 1803
Burggraviate territories
divided between Bavaria and Prussia.
11 Mar 1806 - 15 Sep 1806 Burggraviate
area occupied by France.
15 Sep
1806 Nürnberg
city annexed by Bavaria.
Reichsschultheissen (also vorderster
Losunger [heads of city council])
1696 - 1706
Johann Paul Paumgartner von Holnstein
(b. 1630 - d. 1706)
1706 - 1718
Johann Adam Georg Christoph Geuder
(b. 1641 - d. 1718)
von
Heroldsberg
1718 - 1725
Wolfgang Jacob Nützel
(b. c.1660 -
d. 1725)
1725 - 1732
Christoph Fürer von Haimendorf
(b. 1663 - d. 1732)
1732 - 1736
Johann Christoph von Imhof
(b. 1659 -
d. 1736)
1736 - 1744
Karl Benedikt Geuder von Heroldsberg
(b. 1670 - d. 1744)
1744 - 1752
Christoph Gottlieb Volckamer von
(b. 1676 - d. 1752)
Kirchensittenbach
1752 - 1755
Johann Karl Welser von Neunhof
(b. 1685 - d. 1755)
1755 - 25 Oct 1758
Christoph Willibald Harsdörffer von (b.
1674 - d. 1758)
Enderndorf
1758 - 1763
Karl Sigmund Ferdinand Grundherr von
(b. 1727 - d. 1796)
Altenthann
1763 - 19 Mar 1764 Johann
Sigmund Pfinzing von Henfenfeld (b. 1712 - d.
1764)
27 Mar 1764 - 18 Dec 1794 Christoph
Friedrich Stromer von
(b. 1712 - d. 1794)
Reichenbach
18 Dec 1794 - 1804 Johann
Sigmund Haller von Hallerstein (b. 1723 - d.
1805)
1804 - 15 Sep 1806 Christoph
Wilhelm Waldstromer von
(b. 1729 - d. 1810)
Reichelsdorf
President of the Imperial Subdelegation Commission
7 Dec 1797 - 15 Sep 1806 Philipp Ernst
Gemming
(b. 17.. - d. 1811)
French Military Governor (of the burggraviate)
11 Mar 1806 - 15 Sep 1806 Bernard Georges François
Frère (b. 1764 – d.
1826)
Bavarian General
State Commissioner (Generallandeskommissär
Pegniz-Kreis Nürnberg)
15 Sep 1806 – 28 Oct 1808 Friedrich
Karl Graf
Thürheim
(b. 1763 - d. 1832)
Bavarian Kommissär
15 Sep 1806 – 28 Oct 1808 Friedrich Freiherr
Lochner von (b. 1771 -
d. 1825)
Hüttenbach
Obermünster in Regensburg
c.833
Imperial (Benedictine) Abbey of Obermünster in
Regensburg
(Reichsstift Obermünster [in Regensburg]).
1216
Imperial immediacy confirmed by Emperor Frederick II (Reichsabtei
Obermünster [in Regensburg]).
1219
Under Direct Papal protection.
1315
Abbess also Princess of the Empire (Gefürstete
Reichsabtei
Obermünster [in Regensburg]).
1 Dec
1802
Assigned to Karl Theodor von und zu Dalberg,
Prince-Primate
(see Regensburg)(confirmed
27 Apr 1803).
9 May 1810 - 22 May 1810
French administration (see Regensburg).
22 May 1810 - 10 Feb 1811 Bavarian
administration.
10 Feb 1811
Secularized and annexed to Bavaria by treaty with
France.
Princess-Abbesses (title Gefürstete Äbtissin zu
Obermünster in Regensburg)
1683 -
1719
Maria Theresia von Sandizell
(b. 1643 - d. 1719)
22 Nov 1719 - 11 Jul 1765 Anna Magdalena
Francisca Freiin von (d. 1765)
Dondorf
26 Aug 1765 - 3 Oct 1775 Maria Francisca Josepha
Freiin von
(b. 1714 - d. 1775)
Freudenberg
21 Nov 1775 - 27 Apr 1803 Maria Josepha Freiin
von Neuenstein- (b. 1739
- d. 1822)
Hubacker
Obwalden: see under Swiss
Cantons
Olbrück
1190
Lordship of Olbrück (Ollbrück)(Herrschaft
Olbrück) purchased
by
Dietrich I von Wied from the Archbishop of Cologne.
1244
Wied extinct; divided and
shared ultimately with a dozen
families, often in dispute with each other.
1555
Aall acquired by Walbott von Bassenheim.
1632 - 1633
Occupied by Swedish forces.
1794 - 1801
Occupied by France.
9 Mar
1801
Annexed to France.
1813 -
1815
Allied administration.
1815
Annexed to Prussia.
Barons (title Reichsfreiherr Waldbott von
Bassenheim zu Olbrück)
9 Feb 1681 - 19 Mar 1744 Karl Heinrich
Franz
Anton
(b. 1678 - d. 1744)
19 Mar 1744 - 29 Sep 1755 Johann
Jakob
(b.
1683 - d. 1755)
29 Sep 1755 -
1792
Klemens
August
(b.
1731 - d. 1792)
1792 - 9 Mar
1801
Maximilian Friedrich
(b. 1764 - d. 1823)
Oldenburg
-
- to c.1625
|
-
- c.1625 - 1667
|
-
- 1667 - 1773/74
|
-
- 24 Aug 1774 - 1 Jul 1867
Merchant Flag
|
-
- 24 Aug 1774 - 10 Dec 1810,
- 1 Dec 1813 - 1 May 1918
|
-
- State Flag 24 Aug 1774
- 10 Dec 1810,
1 Dec 1813 - 1 Jan 1913
|
|
|
Map of Oldenburg
and
Oldenburg
in 1789
|
Hear State Anthem
"Heil dir, o
Oldenburg!"
(Hail to thee, O' Oldenburg!)
(1872-1918)
|
Former State
Anthem
"Heil, deinem Fürsten, Heil!"
(Hail to your Prince, Hail!)
(1829-1872) |
Constitution
(1 Mar 1849) |
Capital:
Oldenburg
(Le Vieux-Bourg 1811-1813)
|
Currency:
German Convention Thaler (XDCT) (1764-1810,
1813-1854); North German Thaler
(XDET)(1854-1857); German Vereinsthaler (XDNT)
(1857-1872) |
State
Holiday:
Birthday of the Grand Duke
(unofficial) |
Population:
483,042 (1910)
262,171 (1838)
90,000 (1802)
|
Military: 3,700 (1860)
Merchant marine: 650 sea-going vessels
(1864) |
Exports: see Prussia
Imports: see Prussia |
Religions:
Protestant 75%, Roman Catholic 25% (1860) |
International
Organizations: German Customs Union
(1854-1871), ICRM |
-
- 1148
Count Christian II "der Streitbare" of the
Oldenburg
-
dynasty takes the style Graf von
Oldenburg.
-
1181
Imperial immediacy
(reichsunmittelbares).
- 29 Jun 1667 - 1
Jul 1773 Personal union with Denmark.
- 22 Mar
1777
Duchy of Holstein-Oldenburg; style Herzog
zu Holstein-
-
Oldenburg conferred
29 Dec 1774, published 22 Mar 1777.
-
12 Nov 1806 - 8 Jan 1807 Occupied by
Kingdom of Holland.
- 10
Dec 1810 - Oct 1813 Incorporated into France; from
1 Jan 1811 as arrondissement
-
d'Oldenbourg
within département Bouches-du-Weser
(see under
-
Germany).
-
Oct 1813 - 1 Dec 1813
Allied administration.
-
27 Nov
1813
Duchy of Holstein-Oldenburg (restored).
-
28 Dec 1813 – 31 Jul 1826 Kniphausen
(Knyphausen) administered by Oldenburg.
- 28 May
1829
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg; style: Grossherzog
von Oldenburg
-
(the style Grossherzog zu
Holstein-Oldenburg awarded by
-
Final Act of Congress of Vienna 9 Jun 1815, but not
used).
-
9 Nov 1918
Republic of Oldenburg-East
Friesland (Republik Oldenburg-
Ostfriesland)(see German states
since 1918).
Counts (title Graf von
Oldenburg)
22 Nov 1603 - 29 Jun
1667 Anton
Günther
(b. 1583 - d. 1667)
29 Jun 1667 - 19 Feb 1670 Friedrich I
(b. 1609 - d. 1670)
(= King Frederik III of Denmark)
19 Feb 1670 - 4 Sep 1699 Christian
X
(b. 1649 - d. 1699)
(= King Christian V of Denmark)
4 Sep 1699 - 12 Oct 1730 Friedrich
II
(b. 1671 - d. 1730)
(= King Frederik IV of Denmark)
12 Oct 1730 - 6 Aug
1746 Christian
XI
(b. 1699 - d. 1746)
(= King Christian VI of Denmark)
6 Aug 1746 - 14 Jan 1766
Friedrich
III
(b. 1723 - d. 1766)
(= King Frederik V of Denmark)
14 Jan 1766 - 1 Jul 1773
Christian
XII
(b. 1749 - d. 1808)
(= King Christian VII of Denmark)
1 Jul 1773 - 14 Dec 1773
Paul (von
Holstein-Gottorp)
(b. 1754 - d. 1801)
(= Emperor Paul I of Russia 1796-1801)
14 Dec 1773 - 22 Mar 1777
Friedrich
August
(b. 1711 - d. 1785)
(Bishop of Lübeck)
Dukes (title Herzog von Oldenburg)
22 Mar 1777 - 6 Jul 1785
Friedrich
August
(s.a.)
6 Jul 1785 - 12 Nov 1806
Wilhelm (1st
time)
(b. 1754 - d. 1823)
6 Jul 1785 - 12 Nov 1806
Peter Friedrich Ludwig -Regent
(b. 1755 - d. 1829)
(1st time)
Dutch Governors
12 Nov 1806 - 24 Nov 1806 Broux
24 Nov 1806 - 8 Jan 1807 Henri
Damas
Bonhomme
(b. 1747 - d. 1826)
Duke (title s.a.)
8 Jan 1807 - 10 Dec 1810
Wilhelm (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
8 Jan 1807 - 10 Dec 1810
Peter Friedrich Ludwig -Regent
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
(in Russia exile 27 Feb 1811 - Oct 1813)
10 Dec 1810 - Oct
1813 annexed to France
Sous-préfets, arrondissement d'Oldenburg
(subordinated to the prefects of Bouches-du-Weser)
26 Apr 1811 - 5 Sep 1811 Bonaventure Julien
de Fredy, baron (b. 1788 - d. 1871)
de Coubertin (provisional)
5 Sep 1811 - 21 Apr 1812 Amédée-Pierre
Perrier
21 Apr 1812 - Oct 1813 Nicolas Thérèse
Benoît Frochot (b. 1761 - d. 1828)
Duke (title s.a.)
19 Mar 1813 - 23 Mar 1813 Christian Daniel von
Finckh (b. 1765
- d. 1813)
(chairman of provisional administration)
27 Nov 1813 - 2 Jul 1823
Wilhelm (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
27 Nov 1813 - 2 Jul 1823
Peter Friedrich Ludwig -Regent
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
2 Jul 1823 - 21 May 1829
Peter
I
(s.a.)
21 May 1829 - 28 May 1829 August -Regent
(b. 1783 - d. 1853)
Grand dukes (title Grossherzog
von Oldenburg)
28 May 1829 - 27 Feb 1853
August
(s.a.)
27 Feb 1853 - 13 Jun 1900 Peter
II
(b. 1827 - d. 1900)
13 Jun 1900 - 11 Nov 1918
Friedrich
August
(b. 1852 - d. 1931)
Governors
1667 - 27 Oct 1680
Anton Graf von Aldenburg
(b. 1633 - d. 1680)
27 Oct 1680 - 2 Jul 1692 Vacant
2 Jul 1692 - 4 Dec 1703 Gustav Wilhelm
Graf von Wedel (b. 1641 -
d. 1717)
4 Dec 1703 - 30 Jan 1717
Georg Ernst Graf von
Wedel- (b.
1666 - d. 1717)
Jarlsberg
30 Jan 1717 - 15 Feb 1752 Vacant
15 Feb 1752 - 3 Dec 1765
Rochus Friedrich Graf zu Lynar
(b. 1708 - d. 1783)
Administrators
21 Jan 1766 - 11 Feb 1771
Henning von
Qualen
(b. 1703 - d. 1785)
11 Feb 1771 - 13 Mar 1772 Konrad
Wilhelm Graf von Ahlefedt (b. 1707 - d.
1791)
14 Apr 1772 - 10 Dec 1773
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von
(b. 1724 - d. 1790)
Wedel-Jarlsberg
Commissioners
10 Dec 1773 - 14 Dec 1773 Caspar
von Saldern
(b. 1711 - d. 1786)
14 Dec 1773 - 29 Dec 1774
Friedrich August von Holstein-
(s.a.)
Gottorp
Directing ministers
29 Dec 1774 - 10 May 1806
Friedrich Levin Graf von Holmer (b.
1741 - d. 1806)
10 May 1806 - 10 Dec 1810 Hans
Detlev Freiherr
von
(b. 1768 - d. 1826)
Hammerstein
Oberlanddrosten
1807 - 28 Feb
1811
Burchard Otto Hans von der Decken (b. 1769 - d.
1838)
28 Feb 1811 - 12 Oct 1814 Vacant
12 Oct 1814 - 23 Jul 1827 Karl
Ludwig Friedrich
Joseph (b. 1760 - d.
1847)
Freiherr von Brandenstein
State and Cabinet ministers
23 Jul 1827 - 30 Jun 1842 Karl
Ludwig Friedrich
Joseph (s.a.)
Freiherr von Brandenstein
1 Jul 1842 - 9 Sep
1843 Günther Heinrich Freiherr von Berg (b. 1765 -
d. 1843)
Chairmen of the State ministry
9 Sep 1843 - 1 Aug
1848 Wilhelm Ernst Freiherr
von (b.
1786 - d. 1859)
Beaulieu-Marconnay
1 Aug 1848 - 13 Aug 1849
Johann Heinrich Jakob Schloifer (b.
1790 - d. 1867)
13 Aug 1849 - 1 May 1851
Christian Diedrich von
Buttel (b. 1801 - d. 1878)
1 May 1851 - 23 Jun 1874
Peter Friedrich
Ludwig
(b. 1805 - d. 1874)
Freiherr von Rössing
23 Jun 1874 - 1 Oct 1876
Carl Heinrich Ernst von
Berg (b. 1810 - d.
1894)
1 Oct 1876 - 14 Mar 1890
Friedrich Andreas
Ruhstrat
(b. 1818 - d. 1896)
14 Mar 1890 - 19 Aug 1900
Gerhard Friedrich Günther Jansen (b. 1831 -
d. 1914)
19 Aug 1900 - 17 Aug 1908
Wilhelm Friedrich
Willich
(b. 1846 - d. 1917)
17 Aug 1908 - 3 Jan 1916
Friedrich Julius Heinrich Ruhstrat (b. 1854 - d. 1916)
3 Jan 1916 - 6 Nov 1918 Franz
Friedrich Paul Ruhstrat
(b. 1859 - d. 1935)
Oberlanddrosten
1680 - 1692
Burchard Graf Ahlefeld
(b. 1634 - d. 1695)
1692 - 1694
Anton Wolf Freiherr von Haxthausen
(b. 1647 - d. 1694)
1697 - 1699
Georg Ernst Graf von
Wedel- (s.a.)
Jarlsberg
1699 - 1706
Johan Georg von
Holstein (b. 1662 -
d. 1730)
4 May 1706 - 1713
Ludwig Staats von Hahn
(b. 1656 - d. 1730)
1713 - 1718
Joachim von Pritzbuer
(b. 1665 - d. 1719)
28 Apr 1718 - 1736
Christian Thomesen von Sehested (b. 1664 -
d. 1736)
13 Dec 1736 - 26 Dec 1740 Christian
Friedrich von Haxthausen (b. 1690 - d. 1740)
1741 - 1745
Adam Levin von Witzleben
(b. 1688 - d. 1745)
10 Dec 1745 -
1752
Christian Ernst von
Beulwitz (b. 1695 -
d. 1759)
Amtmaend
.... -
1520
Otto Ritzerow
1520 - 15..
Hinrich Rantzau
15.. -
1561
Joachim Rantzau
(d. 1561)
1561 - c.1581
Dietrich Blome
bf.1584 - ....
Detlef Rantzau zu Klethkamp
(b. 1530 - d. af.1605)
1667 - 1672
Hans Rantzau
(b.
1613 - d. 1673)
1672 - 1679
Jasper von Buchwald
(b. 1650 - d. 1705)
1679 - 28 Aug 1689 Hans
Blome
(b. 1618 - d. 1689)
1690 - 1701
Joachim von
Ahlefeldt
(b. 1650 - d. 1701)
1701 - 1703
Ditlev
Brockdorff
(b. 1642 - d. 1732)
1703 -
1710?
Ditlev Sivert von Ahlefeldt
(b. 1658 - d. 1714)
1710 - 1736
Cay von
Brockdorff
(b. 1670 - d. 1736)
1736 - 1739
Joachim Engel (1st time) (acting)
1739 - 1744
Johann Hieronymus Negelein
(b. 1673 - d. 1744)
1744 - 1750
Joachim Engel (2nd time) (acting)
1750 - 1762
Christian August von
Brockdorff (d. 1762)
1762 - 1769
David Reinhold von
Sievers
(b. 1732 - d. 1814)
Birkenfeld
13th cent.
Part of County of Sponheim (Grafschaft
Sponheim).
1223
After partition of Sponheim, part of the Rear County
Sponheim
(Hintere Grafschaft Sponheim).
1437
Partitioned between Margraviate of Baden and County of
Veldenz.
1584 - 1717
Residence of the Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
branch of the
Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria.
26 Sep
1776
Birkenfeld is inherited by Baden.
Fall 1794
Occupied by France.
9 Mar
1801
Annexed by France,
part of département of Sarre
(see under Germany).
Jan 1814 - 15 Jun 1814
Allied administration (from Feb 1814, part of
Government-General
of Middle Rhine).
15 Jun 1814 - 1 Jul 1816 Joint Austrian and
Bavarian administration (see under Mainz).
1 Jul 1816 - 16 Apr
1817 Prussian rule.
16 Apr
1817
Principality of Birkenfeld (Fürstentum
Birkenfeld), in (nominal)
personal union with Oldenburg;
Birkenfeld an exclave of
Oldenburg inside Prussia's province
of Rhine.
11 Nov 1918
Province of Birkenfeld (Provinz Birkenfeld)
within Oldenburg
(from 1918 see German states
since 1918).
Princes (title Fürst zu
Birkenfeld)
16 Apr 1817 - 11 Nov 1918 the
Grand Dukes of Oldenburg
Prussian Director for Koblenz
1816 - 1817
Franz Edmund Freiherr
von Schmitz- (b. 1776 - d. 1844)
Grollenburg
Chairman of the Provisional
Administrative Commission
16 Apr 1817 - 2 Sep
1817 Ludwig Conrad Leopold
Wibel
(b. 1768 - d. 1833)
Directors of Government
2 Sep 1817 - 1
Aug 1831 Ludwig Conrad Leopold
Wibel
(s.a.)
1 Aug 1831 -
1844
Laurenz Martin Hannibal Christian
(b. 1784 - d. 1867)
Fischer
Presidents and Directors
of the Government (Regierungspräsidenten)
in Birkenfeld
1844 - 1848
Laurenz Martin Hannibal Christian
(s.a.)
Fischer
Mar 1848 - 1 Oct
1881 Alexander Christian von
Finckh (b. 1806
- d. 1888)
(acting to 19 Feb 1866)
1 Oct 1881 - 1
May 1901 Karl August
Barnstedt
(b. 1823 - d. 1914)
1 May 1881 - 1
May 1909 Georg Adolf Moritz
Alhorn
(b. 1838 - d. 1917)
1 May 1909 - 29 Nov
1917 Wilhelm Friedrich
Willich
(b. 1846 - d. 1917)
29 Nov 1917 - 15 Jun
1919 Hermann Gerhard Pralle
(acting) (b. 1863 - d.
1939) Non-party
Oettingen (Öttingen)
1147
County of Oettingen
(Grafschaft Oettingen) first mentioned; related
to the House of Hohenstaufen.
1423 - 21 Mar 1486
Oettingen-Wallerstein is
created as a partition of Oettingen,
and is then re-inherited by it.
23 Mar 1557
County of
Oettingen-Wallerstein split from Oettingen-Oettingen.
14 Oct 1602
Oettingen-Spielberg split from
Oettingen-Wallerstein.
10 Oct 1674
Oettingen-Oettingen created
Prince of the Holy Roman Empire
(Fürstentum Öttingen-Öttingen).
30 Mar 1731
Oettingen-Oettingen extinct,
divided between Oettingen-Wallerstein
(two-thirds)
and Oettingen-Spielberg (one-third).
18 Jul 1734
Oettingen-Spielberg
raised to a principality.
14 Apr 1774
Oettingen-Wallerstein
raised to a principality.
12 Jul 1806
Oettingen-Wallerstein
and Oettingen-Spielberg are annexed
to
Bavaria, then
parts ceded to Württemberg in 1810.
Oettingen-Oettingen (Öttingen-Öttingen)
Counts (title Graf zu Oettingen-Oettingen)
8 Sep 1622 - 8 Aug 1659 Joachim
Ernst
(b. 1612 - d. 1659)
8 Aug 1659 - 10 Oct
1674 Albrecht Ernst I
(b. 1642 - d. 1683)
Princes (tile Reichsfürst zu Oettingen-Oettingen)
10 Oct 1674 - 8 Feb 1683 Albrecht
Ernst I
(s.a.)
8 Feb 1683 - 30 Mar 1731 Albrecht
Ernst II
(b. 1669 - d. 1731)
Oettingen-Spielberg
14 Oct 1602
County of Oettingen-Spielberg (Grafschaft
Öttingen-Spielberg),
split from Oettingen-Oettingen.
18 Jul 1734
Principality of
Oettingen-Spielberg
(Fürstentum Öttingen-Spielberg).
12 Jul 1806
Annexed to Bavaria.
1810
Divided between
Bavaria and Württemberg.
Counts (title Graf von Oettingen zu Spielberg)
25 Nov 1665 - 13 Sep 1675 Johann Sebastian
(b. 1655 - d. 1675)
13 Sep 1675 - 10 Oct 1685 Johann Wilhelm
(b. 1655 - d. 1685)
10 Oct 1685 - 18 Jul 1734 Franz Albrecht
(b. 1663 - d. 1737)
Princes (title Reichsfürst
zu Oettingen-Spielberg)
18 Jul 1734 - 3 Feb 1737 Franz
Albrecht
(s.a.)
3 Feb 1737 - 23 May 1768 Anton Ernst
(b. 1712 - d. 1768)
- jointly with -
3 Feb 1737 - 16 Feb
1780 Johann Aloys I
(b. 1707 - d. 1780)
16 Feb 1780 - 27 Jun 1797 Johann
Aloys II
(b. 1758 - d. 1797)
27 Jun 1797 - 12 Jul 1806 Johann Aloys III
(b. 1788 - d. 1855)
Oettingen-Wallerstein
1423 - 1517
County of
Oettingen-Wallerstein is created as a partition
of
Oettingen,
then re-inherited by Oettingen-Oettingen.
1423 - 21 Mar 1486
County of Oettingen-Wallerstein
was created as a partition of
Oettingen (first creation).
23 Mar 1557
County of
Oettingen-Wallerstein (Grafschaft
Öttingen-Wallerstein),
split
from Oettingen-Oettingen (second
creation).
1623 - 14 Jan
1789
Oettingen-Baldern split from Oettingen-Wallerstein,
but became
extinct in 1789 and was inherited by
Oettingen-Wallerstein.
1632 - Sep 1634
Wallerstein occupied by Sweden.
14 Apr 1774
Principality of Oettingen-Wallerstein
(Fürstentum Öttingen-Wallerstein).
12 Jul 1806
Annexed to Bavaria.
1810
The western, part
about a third of the former county, is ceded
to Württemberg.
Counts (title Graf zu Oettingen-Wallerstein)
3 Mar 1670 - 11 Dec 1692 Wilhelm IV
(b. 1627 - d. 1692)
11 Dec 1692 - 6 Oct 1708 Wolfgang
IV
(b. 1629 - d. 1708)
6 Oct 1708 - 25 Oct 1717 Dominik
Josef
(b. 1676 - d. 1717)
25 Oct 1717 - 3 Oct 1728 Franz Ignaz
Josef
(b. 1672 - d. 1728)
3 Oct 1728 - 14 Apr 1738 Joseph
Anton Karl
(b. 1679 - d. 1738)
14 Apr 1738 - 16 Jul 1744 Johann Karl
Friedrich
(b. 1715 - d. 1744)
- jointly with -
14 Apr 1738 - 14 Apr 1766 Philip Carl II
Dominikus
(b. 1722 - d. 1766)
14 Apr 1766 - 14 Apr 1774 Kraft Ernst
(b. 1748 - d. 1802)
Princes (title Reichsfürst zu
Oettingen-Oettingen und Oettingen-Wallerstein)
14 Apr 1774 - 6 Oct 1802 Kraft Ernst
(s.a.)
6 Oct 1802 - 12 Jul 1806 Ludwig
Kraft Ernst
(b. 1791 - d. 1870)
6 Oct 1802 - 12 Jul 1806 Wilhelmine
Friederike Elisabeth
(b. 1764 - d. 1817)
von
Öttingen-Öttingen (f) -Regent
Orange (Oranien): see Provence
under French Provinces
to 1791
Osnabrück
10 Apr
783
Bishopric of Osnabrück (Osnabrugensis Episcopatus/
Hochstift Osnabrück), a
fief of Saxony.
1180 - 1236
Fief of Tecklenburg.
1226
Bishops made
Princes of the Empire (Fürstbistum Osnabrück).
1236
Imperial immediacy.
1574 - 19 Sep
1625
Controlled by Protestant Bishops.
19 Sep 1626 - 4 Nov 1802 Catholic
and Protestant Bishops alternate.
4 Nov
1802
Annexed to Hanover.
1 Apr 1806
Annexed, along with Hanover,
to Prussia.
26 Oct 1806 - 28 Aug 1807 French occupy Osnabrück.
5 Nov
1806
Osnabrück subordinated together with Münster,
Mark, Tecklenburg
and Lingen (from Feb 1807 called Pays de la Marck,
Münster,
Tecklenburg et Osnabrück)(see under Münster).
5 May
1808
Tecklenburg annexed to Grand Duchy of Baden.
28 Aug
1807
Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
4 Jul
1811
Annexed to France
(as part of Ems-Supérieur département)(see
under Germany).
9 Nov 1813 - 9 Nov 1813
Allied administration.
9 Nov 1813 - 20 Dec
1813 Administered by Hanover.
20 Dec
1813
Re-incorporated into Hanover.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu
Osnabrück)
14 Apr 1698 - 4 Dec
1715 Karl Joseph Ignaz Herzog von Lothringen,(b.
1680 - d. 1715)
Erzbischof von Trier (Roman Catholic)
2 Mar 1716 - 14 Aug
1728 Ernst August II Herzog von Hannover,
(b. 1674 - d. 1728)
Herzog von York (Protestant)
4 Nov 1728 - 6
Feb 1761 Clemens August Herzog von Bayern,
(b. 1700 - d. 1761)
Erzbischof von Köln (Roman Catholic)
6 Feb 1761 - 26 Feb
1764 Georg Herzog zu Braunschweig und
(b. 1738
- d. 1820)
Lüneburg -Regent (Protestant)
26 Feb 1764 - 4 Nov
1802 Friedrich August Herzog von York,
(b. 1763 - d. 1827)
Albany (Protestant)
26 Feb 1764 - 16 Aug 1783
Regierungsräte -Regents
French Military governor
26 Oct 1806 - Feb
1807 Louis Henri
Loison
(b. 1771 - d. 1816)
Chairman of the
Government Commission
Nov 1813 - Aug 1816
Carl Wilhelm August Freiherr
von (b. 1777 - d.
1847)
Stralenheim (Hanover)
Regierungsräte
(government councillors)
- First Line -
1764 - Dec 1764
Albert Friedrich von Lenthe
(b. 1707 - d. 1779)
Dec 1764 - 16 Aug 1783
Gotthelf Dietrich von Ende
(b. 1725 - d. 1798)
- Second Line -
1764 - Sep 1772
August Wilhelm von dem Bussche
(b. 1727 - d. 1789)
17 Sep 1772 - 1 May 1780
Johann Wilhelm Riedesel zu Eisenbach
(b. 1705 - d. 1782)
May 1780 - Aug 1783
Christian Ludwig August von Arnswaldt
(b. 1733 - d. 1815)
Ostfriesland: see East Frisia
Paderborn
799
Bishopric of Paderborn (Paderbornensis
Episcopatus/
Hochstift Paderborn).
881
Granted
territory in fief to Saxony.
1180
Made a fief of the
Archbishopric of Cologne.
1247
Bishops also Princes of the Empire (Fürstbistum
Paderborn).
c.1200
Bishopric gained bailiwick over itself.
1281
Gained Imperial immediacy
(Reichsfreiheit).
1577 -
1585
Briefly converted to Lutheranism (except the Cathedral
Chapter and
the Monastery Abdinghof).
23 May
1802
Ceded to Prussia by Franco-Prussian treaty.
3 Aug
1802
Annexed to Prussia.
26 Oct 1806 - 28 Aug 1807 Occupied by
France.
28 Aug
1807
Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia (as Département
de la Fulde/
Departement der Fulda).
1 Nov 1813 - 25 May 1815
Allied administration.
25 May
1815
Re-incorporated into Prussia.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu
Paderborn)
15 Sep 1683 - 21 May
1704 Hermann Werner Reichsfreiherr von
(b. 1625 - d. 1704)
Wolf-Metternich
zu Gracht
21 May 1704 - 25 Dec
1718 Franz Arnold Reichsfreiherr von
(b. 1658 - d. 1718)
Wolf-Metternich
zur Gracht
21 Mar 1719 - 6 Feb
1761 Clemens August Herzog von Bayern
(b. 1700 - d. 1761)
25 Jan 1763 - 26 Dec
1782 Wilhelm Anton Freiherr von der Asseburg
(b. 1707 - d. 1782)
zu Hinnenburg
26 Dec 1782 - 6 Jan
1789 Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Westphalen
(b. 1727 - d. 1789)
6 Jan 1789 - 3
Aug 1802 Franz Egon Freiherr von Fürstenberg
(b. 1737 - d. 1825)
President of the
Government Commission
1814 - 25 May
1815
Johann Georg Julius von
Schlechtendahl (b. 1770 - d.
1833)
Palatinate of the
Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein)
-
- 1329 - 1776
|
-
- 1776 - 1799
|
-
- 1909 - 1915
Unofficial
|
|
- 945
Palatinate of Lorraine (Pfalzgrafschaft
Lothringen).
- 1093
Palatinate of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft
bei Rhein);
-
style: Pfalzgraf bei Rhein
(Count Palatine of the Rhine -
more literally "at the Rhine").- 25 Dec
1356
Golden Bull confirms electoral status of the ruler;
the
-
polity is often styled Kurfürstentum
Pfalz bei Rhein
(Electorate Palatinate of the Rhine); style: Pfalzgraf
bei
Rhein, Erztruchsess und Kurfürst des Heiligen
Römischen
Reiches (count palatine of the Rhine,
archsteward and
prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire).
7
Mar
1623
The polity is forfeited to the king, the electoral
dignity
is transferred to Bavaria.
3
Mar
1628
Incorporated into Bavaria.
24
Oct
1648
Polity reconstituted; new electorate created Jun 1653;
style: Pfalzgraf bei Rhein,
Erzschatzmeister und Kurfürst
des Heiligen Römischen Reiches (count
palatine of the Rhine,
archtreasurer and prince-elector of the Holy Roman
Empire).
29
Apr 1706 - 6 Mar 1714 Bavaria divided
between Austria and the Palatinate.
23 Jun
1708
After the (temporary) dissolution of Bavaria, the count
palatine recovers the earlier electoral style
(Erztruchsess), and maintains it, in dispute with
the
restored Bavaria.
30 Dec
1777
The ruler inherits Bavaria, and the dispute regarding
the
electoral style ends.- 30 Mar 1793 - Jan
1814 Territories on left bank of
the Rhine are occupied, and then
-
annexed 27 Oct 1797, by
France; from
1 Mar 1801, part of
-
Mont-Tonnerre département
(see under Germany).
- Sep 1795 - Oct 1795
Mannheim occupied
by French then recaptured by Austrian troops.
- 27 Apr 1803 - Jan 1814 Right-bank
of the Palatinate incorporated into Baden.
- 1 Jan 1814 - 16 Jun
1814 Allied occupation (from
2 Feb 1814, part of General
Government of
-
Middle Rhine).
- 16 Jun
1814
Southern parts of the left-bank
Palatinate were restored and
-
enlarged by mediatization (Zweibrücken,
Kaiserslautern, Speyer,
-
Waldmohr, Blieskastel, Kusel, and
Landau) and placed under
-
the
Imperial Royal Austrian and Royal
Bavarian Joint Land
-
Administration Commission (k.k.
Österreichischen und k. Bairischen
-
gemeinschaftliche
Landes-Administrations-Kommission)
-
(at Kreuznach, then Worms).
- 9 Jun
1815
Left-bank Palatinate granted to Austria by Congress
of Vienna; joint
-
Austro-Bavarian
administration continues.
- 1 May 1816
Palatinate (Rheinkreis)
incorporated into Bavaria
(by treaty with
-
Austria of 16 Apr 1816), smaller parts to
Hesse-Darmstadt (from
-
7 Jul 1816), Oldenburg,
and Prussia.
- 17 May 1849 - 14
Jun 1849 Provisional
Government of the Palatinate declared in
rebellion.
Counts Palatine and Electors (title Pfalzgraf
bei Rhein, Erztruchsess und Kurfürst des
Heiligen Römischen Reiches - count palatine
of the Rhine, Archsteward and prince-elector of
the Holy Roman Empire)
2
Sep 1690 - 8 Jun 1716 Johann
Wilhelm
(b. 1658 - d. 1716)
8
Jun 1716 - 31 Dec 1742 Karl III
Philipp
(b. 1661 - d. 1742)
31
Dec 1742 - 16 Feb 1799 Karl IV Philipp
Theodor
(b. 1724 - d. 1799)
16 Feb 1799 - 27 Apr
1803 Maximilian I Joseph
(b. 1756 - d. 1825)
Presidents of Imperial Austrian and Royal
Bavarian Joint Land Administration Commission
16 Jun 1814 - 17 Sep 1814 Wilhelm von
Drossdick (Austria) (b. 1771 - d.
1851)
(to Sep 1814
+ Christoph Heinrich von Sonnleither (b.
1773 - d. 1841)
(Bavaria)
+ Peter Moritz Moser Ritter von
Moshardt (Austria)(from Sep 1814)
17 Sep 1814 - 1 May 1816 Herrmann Franz
Freiherr von Hess (b. 1775 - d. 1855)
(Austria)
+ Franz-Xaver von Zwackh-Holzhausen (b. 1755 -
d. 1843)
(Bavaria)
General-Kommissäre of the Rheinkreises
18 May 1816 - 16 Apr 1817 Franz Xaver von Zwack
(Zwackh) (b. 1756 - d. 1843)
auf Holzhausen
16 Apr 1817 - 10 Feb 1832 Franz Joseph Wigand Edler
von (b. 1769 - d. 1835)
Stichaner
10 Feb 1832 - 22 Jun 1832 Ferdinand Freiherr von
Andrian-Werburg(b. 1776 - d. 1851)
22 Jun 1832 - 22 Nov 1837 Carl Albert Leopold
Freiherr von (b. 1784 - d.
1865)
Stengel
Regierungspräsidenten of the
Pfalz
22 Nov 1837 - 30 Apr 1841 Karl
Theodor Fürst von
Wrede
(b. 1797 - d. 1871)
1 May 1841 - 9 Feb 1845 Eugen Franz
Fürst von
Wrede
(b. 1806 - d. 1845)
9 Feb 1845 - 27 May 1846 Karl Freiherr von
Schrenck (b.
1806 - d. 1884)
30 May 1846 - 30 Jun 1849 Franz Alwens
(b. 1792 - d. 1871)
President and Minister of War of the
Provisional Government of the Palatinate
17 May 1848 - 14 Jun 1849 Joseph Martin Reichard
(in rebellion) (b. 1803 - d. 1872)
Regierungspräsidenten
of the Pfalz
5 Jul 1849 - 2 Apr 1850
Johann Baptist Ritter von Zenetti (b. 1785 -
d. 1856)
2 Apr 1850 - 1 Dec 1866 Georg Gustav von
Hohe
(b. 1800 - d. 1872)
24 Apr 1867 - 21 Apr 1871 Heinrich Pfeufer Ritter
von Pfeufer (b. 1824 - d. 1894)
1 Oct 1871 - 26 Feb 1892 Paul von Braun
(b. 1820 - d. 1892)
1 Apr 1892 -
1897
Julius von Auer
(b. 1832 - d.
1915)
1 Jun 1897 - 31 Oct 1902 Ludwig von Welser
(b. 1841 - d. 1931)
1 Nov 1902 - 31 Mar 1918 Adolf Ritter von
Neuffer
(b. 1845 - d. 1924)
1 Apr 1918 - 31 May 1919 Theodor von
Winterstein
(b. 1861 - d. 1945)
Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Pfalz-Zweibrücken)
1182
County of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Pfalzgrafschaft
Zweibrücken).
1385 - 18 May
1410
Incorporated into the Palatinate
(s.a.).
1444
Unification of County
of Zweibrücken, County of Veldenz and
Palatinate-Simmern and
Zweibrücken as the Principality of
Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Fürstentum Pfalz-Zweibrücken).
9 Jul
1661
Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Herzogtum
Pfalz-Zweibrücken).
11 Apr 1681 - 11 Dec 1718 Personal union
with Sweden.
17 Sep 1731
Zweibrücken fell to the
Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler line.
24 Dec 1733
Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (Herzogtum
Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld)("Pfalz-Birkenfeld).
26 Sep
1776
Birkenfeld is inherited by Baden.
16 Feb
1799
Incorporated into Bavaria.
9 Mar 1801 - 1814
Incorporated
into France;
part of the département Sarre
(see under Germany).
Jan 1814 - 16 Jun 1814 Allied occupation
(from 2 Feb 1814, part
of General Government of
Middle Rhine).
16 Jun
1814
Placed under the Imperial Royal Austrian and Royal
Bavarian Joint
Land Administration Commission (see under Palatinate).
9 Jun
1815
Left-bank Palatinate granted to Austria by Congress of
Vienna; joint
Austro-Bavarian administration continues (see under Palatinate).
1 May
1816
Greater part of the territory is ceded to Bavaria, the
remainder to
Oldenburg and Prussia.
17 May 1849 - 14 Jun 1849 Provisional Government
of the Palatinate declared in rebellion.
Dukes (title Herzog Pfalz-Zweibrücken;
from 24 Dec 1733, Herzog Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld)
15 Apr 1697 - 11 Dec 1718 Karl II Ritter
av Sverige (b. 1682 - d. 1718)
(= Karl XII of Sweden)
11 Dec 1718 - 17 Sep 1731 Gustav Samuel
Leopold (b. 1670 -
d. 1731)
Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken-
Kleeburg
17 Sep 1731 - 3 Feb 1735 Christian
III
(b. 1674 - d. 1735)
3 Feb 1735 - 5
Nov 1775 Christian
IV
(b. 1722 - d. 1775)
3 Feb 1735 - 6
Sep 1740 Karoline, Gräfin von Nassau- (b.
1704 - d. 1774)
Saarbrücken -Regent
5 Nov 1775 - 1
Apr 1795 Karl III August Christian
(b. 1746 - d. 1795)
1 Apr 1795 - 16 Feb
1799 Maximilian I
Joseph
(b. 1756 - d. 1825)
Swedish governor
1714 - 1718
Stanisław Bogusław
Leszczyński(b. 1677 - d. 1766)
Passau
739
Bishopric of Passau (Passaviensis Episcopatus/Hochstift
Passau).
999
Imperial
immediacy.
1217
Bishops made Princes of the Empire (Bistum Passau).
27 Apr
1803
Annexed to Salzburg.
26 Dec
1805
Annexed to Bavaria.
Prince-Bishops (title Fürstbischof zu Passau)
24 May 1689 - 30 Oct
1712 Johann Philipp Graf von Lamberg
(b. 1652 - d. 1712)
18 Jan 1713 - 25 Oct
1722 Raimund Ferdinand Graf von Rabatta (b.
1669 - d. 1722)
2 Jan 1723 - 30 Aug
1761 Joseph Dominicus Franz Kilian
(b. 1680 - d. 1761)
Cardinal Graf von Lamberg
19 Nov 1761 - 15 Jun
1763 Josef Maria Graf von Thun und
(b. 1713 - d. 1763)
Hohenstein
1 Sep 1763 - 13 Mar
1783 Leopold Ernst Cardinal von Firmian (b.
1708 - d. 1783)
19 May 1783 - 21 Aug
1795 Joseph Franz Anton Cardinal von
(b. 1734 - d. 1795)
Auersperg
4 Nov 1795 - 7
Oct 1796 Thomas Johann Kaspar Graf von Thun
(b. 1737 - d. 1796)
und Hohenstein
13 Nov 1796 - 27 Apr 1803
Leopold Leonhard Graf von Thun (b.
1748 - d. 1826)
Pfäfers (abbey):
see Saint Gallen under Swiss
Territories
Piombino: see under Italian states to 1860
Pisa: see under Italian states to 1860
Pomerania (Pommern): see
under Prussian provinces
and Swedish
Pomerania
Porrentruy: see Basel bishopric under
Swiss Cantons
Provence: see under France provinces to
1791
Prüm (Pruem)
23 Jun
720
Benedictine Abbey of Abbey of Prüm (Abbatia
Prumiensis/Stift Prüm).
1222
Abbots made Princes
of the Empire (Reichsabtei Prüm).
1299
The abbey gained full
imperial status.
24 Aug
1574
Ceded to Archbishop of Trier by Pope Gregory XIII.
1576
Possession of the Archbishops of Trier.
1794
French occupy the Left-bank of the Rhine.
9 Mar
1801
Annexed to France.
1815
Incorporated into Prussia.
Prince-Abbots (title Fürstabt zu Prüm)
1576 - 9 Mar
1801 the
archbishops of Trier
Prussia
-
- 1231 - 1525 Teutonic Order
Flag
|
-
- 1657 - 1701 Brandenburg Flag
|
-
- 1525 - 1657 Duchy of Prussia
Flag
|
-
- 1657 - 1701 Duchy of Prussia
Flag
|
-
- 1701 - 1750 Kingdom of Prussia
Flag
-
|
-
- 1750 - 1801 Prussia State
Flag
|
-
- 1801 - 1803 State Flag
|
-
- 1803 - 8 Nov 1892 State
Flag
|
-
- 8 Nov 1892 - 12 Nov 1918 State
Flag
|
-
- 1701 - 16 Dec 1921 Prussia
Land Flag
|
|
|
Maps
of Prussia
|
National Anthem
"'Preussenlied"
(Song of Prussia)
(1860-1918)
--------------------------------
"Borussia"
(1820-1860)
|
Royal
Anthem
"Heil Dir im Siegerkranz"
(Hail to Thee in Victor's Crown)
(1795-Nov 1918)
|
Constitution
(5 Dec 1848,
31 Jan 1850)
|
Capital: Berlin
(Elbing 1251-1309;
Königsberg 1457-1618,
1638-1643, 1806-1809;
Marienburg 1309-1457)
(Brandenburg: Brandenburg
an der Havel 1157-1417;
Berlin from 1417)
|
Currency:
Prussian/North German Thaler (XDST) (1750-1838);
North German Thaler (XDET)(1838-1857);
German Vereinsthaler (XDNT)
(1857-1872)
|
State Holidays:
18 Jan (1701)
Krönungsfest
(Coronation Festival of
King Friedrich I)
(18 Jan 1701-Nov 1918)
(unofficial)
and the Birthday of the King
(unofficial)
|
Population:
40,169,219 (1910)
24,689,000 (1871)
18,497,458 (1861)
10,349,031 (1816)
4,500,000 (1756)
|
Exports: 375 million
Vereinsthalers (1862; total
of German Customs Union)
|
Imports: 377 million
Vereinsthalers (1862; total
of German Customs Union)
note: member states shared customs receipts
in proportion to their population, Prussian share
was 58%
|
Ethnic groups:
German 86%, Polish 12%, others 2% (1861)
|
Total Active
Armed Forces: 211, 000 (1863)
(includes 209,000 army and 2,000 navy)
Merchant marine: 1213 ships
(1862; incl. 41 steamers)
|
Religions: Protestant 63.7%,
Roman Catholic 35%,
Jewish 1.3% (1905)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: to 1871:
CED, ICRM, IMO, ITU,
German Customs Union (1834-1871)
|
Prussia Provinces to
1945 |
Note: What is usually regarded as the Prussian state
is based (with various additions) on two distinct
polities, the Mark Brandenburg (electorate of the
Holy Roman Empire) and Preussen (originally a
Polish fief). From 1618, the rulers of both entities are
identical, but their institutional histories to 1806 are
distinct.
Brandenburg
- 20 May
965
Nordmark founded, ruled by a Markgraf.
- 11
Jun
1157
The holdings of the Markgraf
are renamed Mark Brandenburg.
- 1258
-
1356
The Mark Brandenburg suffers numerous divisions and
creations
-
of side-lines.
- 25
Dec
1356
The Golden Bull confirms the ruler of the principal
line as
-
prince-elector and decrees the indivisibility of the
Mark
-
Brandenburg to which the electorate is attached; the
style of
-
the elector is von Gottes Gnaden Markgraf
zu Brandenburg, des
-
Heiligen Römischen Reichs
Erzkämmerer und Kurfürst ("By the
-
grace of God margrave of Brandenburg, Archchamberlain
and
-
Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire"), to which
numerous
-
actual as well as notional styles are attached.
- 18
Jul
1618
Upon the death of the duke in Prussia, and with
the
-
succession of Johann Sigismund, Kurfürst
und Markgraf von
-
Brandenburg
(b. 1573 - d. 1619), the two polities are united
in
-
personal union colloquially called
Brandenburg-Prussia,
-
while the core territory of Brandenburg is later known
as
-
Kurmark province.
- 1651
Privy Council in Berlin (created in 1604) begun to
consider issues
-
of all
Brandenburg-Prussian territories; members from the
Duchy
-
of Prussia
and other territories are added to the Council (an
-
indication of
the full union).
- 6 Aug
1806
With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire the
effective
-
function of the electors ceases, the Mark Brandenburg
itself
-
having been long incorporated into the royal Prussian
-
conglomerate (see below [for territories of the Royal
Prussian
-
States see under Prussia provinces]);
it is notable that the
-
later kings of Prussia,
while continuing to use Markgraf von
-
Brandenburg
in their style, do not include the electoral title
-
Kurfürst.
- 27
Oct 1806 - 17 Sep 1807 Berlin occupied
by France (the French withdrew by Dec 1808).
- Prince-Electors and Margraves of
Brandenburg (see above regarding style)
30 Apr 1415 - 20 Sep 1440 Friedrich
I
(b. 1371 - d. 1440)
- 20 Sep 1440 - 10 Feb 1471
Friedrich II "der
Eiserne"
(b. 1413 - d. 1471)
10 Feb 1471 - 11 Mar 1486 Albrecht
Achilles
(b. 1414 - d. 1486)
11 Mar 1486 - 9 Jan 1499 Johann
"Cicero"
(b. 1455 - d. 1499)
9 Jan 1499 - 11 Jul 1535
Joachim I
"Nestor"
(b. 1484 - d. 1535)
11 Jul 1535 - 3 Jan 1571 Joachim
II
"Hector"
(b. 1505 - d. 1571)
3 Jan 1571 - 18
Jan 1598 Johann
Georg
(b. 1525 - d. 1598)
18 Jan 1598 - 18 Jul
1608 Joachim
Friedrich
(b. 1545 - d. 1608)
18 Jul 1608 - 18 Jul
1618 Johann
Sigismund
(b. 1572 - d. 1620)
1618 -
1806
the dukes (from 1701, kings) in/of Prussia
Stadholders of Kurmark
(during period 1638-1643 of elector's residence in
Königsberg)
- 1638 -
1641
Adam Graf zu
Schwarzenberg
(b. 1583 - d. 1641)
1641 -
1642
Ernst Markgraf von Brandenburg- (b.
1617 - d. 1642)
Jägerndorf
1643
Samuel von
Winterfeld
(b. 1581 - d. 1643)
-
- Prussia
-
5 Mar
1198
The Teutonic Order, or in full the Order of the Knights
(or Brethren) of the Hospital of Saint Mary of the
Teutonic House in Jerusalem (Orden der
Ritter [or Brüder]-
des Hospitals Sankt Marien
des Deutschen Hauses zu Jerusalem),
-
organized at Acre (Akko) in the Holy
Land as a military order.
- 1226
Grand Master (Hochmeister) of
the Teutonic Order is granted by
the Emperor all the privileges and (from 1230) style of
the
prince of the Empire. The knights are entitled to
subject the
Prussians on behalf of the Empire.
1231
Invaded by the Teutonic knights (occupation completed by
1283).
Prussia a separate branch or province, administered by
the
Land-Master of the Teutonic Order in Prussia (Landmeister
des
Deutschen Orden in Preussen).
9
Sep
1309
Seat of the Grand Master (Hochmeister)
is moved from Venice
to Marienburg (Malbork) in Prussia. The Grand Master
takes
over direct administration of the Prussian branch (the
area
later designated East Prussia).
6 Mar
1454
Royal Prussia (in German Königlisches
Preussen, in Polish
Prusy Królewskie), formally
Prussia - Royal Part (Preussen
Königlischen Anteils)(latter
West Prussia), made a principality
in personal union with
the King of Poland, who takes the style
of "Prince of Prussia" (Prusy
Książęce)(see under Poland).- 19
Oct
1466
Prussia (reduced to latter East Prussia) a Polish fief
(not
-
recognized by the Empire). Grand
Master granted the Polish style
-
of Prince in Prussia
(Książę w Prusach, in German
Prinz in Preussen).
- 9
Apr
1525
The Hochmeister Albrecht
Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach
-
having converted to Protestantism, becomes
hereditary
-
Herzog in Preussen
("Duke in Prussia"), as a vassal of
the king
-
of Poland.
-
18 Jul
1618
Upon the death of the Duke in
Prussia, and with the
-
succession of Johann Sigismund, Kurfürst und Markgraf
von
-
Brandenburg (b. 1573 - d. 1619),
the two polities are united in
-
personal union, colloquially called
Brandenburg-Prussia.
17 Jan 1656 – 20 Nov 1656 Duchy of
Prussia under the suzerainty of Sweden.
- 19 Sep
1657
Poland relinquishes sovereignty over the duchy, and on
6 Nov
-
1657 the duke (prince-elector and margrave of
Brandenburg
-
Friedrich Wilhelm "der Grosse Kurfürst") takes the
style
-
Souveräner Herzog in Preussen
("Sovereign Duke in Prussia").
- 18
Jan
1701
The duke/elector's attempts at getting the
king/emperor to
-
accept his accession to royal rank having failed, he
accepts
-
on 16 Dec 1700 the royal crown of a Prussia outside
the Empire,
-
and in Königsberg is proclaimed König in
Preussen ("King
in
-
Prussia"); from
1772, König von Preussen ("King
of Prussia").
- 3
Nov 1707 - 16 Jun 1857 Personal union with
Principality of Neuenburg (see Neuchâtel).
- 13 Sep
1772
The almost fictional distinction between the
electorate inside
-
The empire and the sovereign kingdom outside the
empire having
-
become blurred in
practice, the king (Friedrich II "der Grosse"),
-
assumes the style König von Preussen
(king of Prussia); the
-
combined polity (with several accretions over time) is
usually
-
styled
the Königreich Preussen
("Kingdom of Prussia"), but
-
technically until dissolution of the empire in 1806
and
-
occasionally long
after, the official in use is Königlich
-
Preussische
Staaten ("Royal Prussian
States").
- 1 Jul 1867
- 18 Jan 1871 Prussian king is the chairman of
the North German Confederation
-
(see under Germany).
- 18
Jan
1871
The King of Prussia becomes German
Emperor (see Germany).
- 12
Nov
1918
Free State of Prussia (Freistaat Preussen)
-
(see German
states since 1918).
Land-Masters of the Teutonic Order in
Prussia (see above regarding style)
1229 - 3 Mar
1239 Hermann von
Balk
(d. 1239)
1240 - 21 Feb 1241
Poppo von Osterna
(Osternohe)
(d. 1266/67)
(1st time)(acting)
20 Sep 1242 - 12 May
1244 Heinrich von Weida (acting)
(b. bf.1200 - d. 1246)
1244 - 8 Feb
1247 Poppo
von Osterna (Osternohe)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
c.8 Feb 1247-26 Feb
1258 Dietrich von
Grüningen
(b. c.1210 - d. 1259)
(Groningen)
(did not come to Prussia)
1247 -
1250
Heinrich von Weida (acting) (s.a.)
Mar 1250 - 1254
Ludwig von Queden (acting)
Nov 1254 -
1257
Burchard von Hornhausen (acting) (d. 1260)
14 Apr 1257 - Apr
1259 Gerhard von Hirschberg
(acting)
14 May 1259 - 9 Feb
1262 Hartmut von Grumbach
(d. 1263)
1262 - 28 Mar
1263
Helmerich von
Würzburg
(d. 1263)
12 Jul 1263 -
1263
Johann von Wegeleben (Wegelewe)
(acting)
1 Feb 1264 - 19 Jun 1269 Ludwig von
Baldersheim
(d. af.1272)
(Baldensheim)
1270 -
1273
Dietrich von Gatersleben
(Gatirslebe)
25 Oct 1273 - 1276
Konrad I von Thierberg
"der Alte" (d. 1276/79)
(Thierbach)
8 Jan 1274 - 5 Sep
1277 Konrad II von Thierberg "der Junge"(d.
af.1290)
(Thierbach)(1st time)(acting)
1 Jan 1279 - Apr 1279 Konrad
II von Thierberg "der Junge"(s.a.)
(Thierbach)(2nd time)(acting)
Apr 1279 -
1280
Konrad von
Feuchtwangen
(b. c.1230 - d. 1296)
1280 -
1283
Mangold von
Sternberg
(d. 1283)
1283 - 2 Feb
1288 Konrad II
von Thierberg "der Junge"(s.a.)
(Thierbach)
(3rd time)
(acting to 3 Sep 1383)
2 Feb 1288 -
1299
Meinhard von Querfurt
(d. 1299)
(Querenvord, Querenforth)
26 Jun 1299 -
1299
Konrad von Sack (1st time)(acting) (d. af.1306)
3 Aug 1299 - 2 Dec 1299 Konrad
von Bamenberg (Bamberg)
(d. af.1300)
2 Dec 1299-c.28 Feb 1300 Ludwig von
Schippe (Schüpf) (d.
1300)
27 May 1300 - 1301
Bertold
Bruhaven (acting)
26 Mar 1301 - 30 Mar
1302 Helwig von Goldbach
Sep 1302 - 21 Mar
1306 Konrad von Sack (2nd time)
(s.a.)
28 Jul 1306 - 18 Nov
1306 Sieghard von Schwarzburg
(d. af.1336)
19 May 1307 - 13 Sep
1309 Heinrich von Plötzkau (or Plotzke) (d. 1320)
8 Sep 1317 - 25 May 1324 Friedrich
von Wildenberg
Prince-Grand Masters of the
Teutonic Order (see above regarding
style)
9 Sep 1309 - 9 Apr
1525 the Grand
Masters
of the Teutonic
Order
Dukes in Prussia (see above
regarding style)
9 Apr 1525 - 20 Mar 1568
Albrecht
(b. 1490 - d. 1568)
20 Mar 1568 - 18 Jul 1618 Albrecht
Friedrich
(b. 1553 - d. 1618)
1527 - 25 Apr 1603
Georg Friedrich, Markgraf von
(b. 1539 - d. 1603)
Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach -Regent
(with style of duke from 27
Feb 1578)
25 Apr 1603 - 18 Jul 1608 Joachim Friedrich,
Kurfürst und (s.a.)
Markgraf von Brandenburg -Regent
(with style of duke from 1605)
18 Jul 1608 - 18 Jul 1618 Johann Sigismund, Kurfürst
und (s.a.)
Markgraf
von Brandenburg -Regent
(with style of duke from 1612)
Dukes in Prussia and Princes-Electors and
Margraves of Brandenburg (see above regarding
style)
18 Jul 1618 - 3 Mar 1619
Johann
Sigismund
(s.a.)
3 Mar 1619 - 1 Dec
1640 Georg
Wilhelm
(b. 1595 - d. 1540)
1 Dec 1640 - 9 May
1688 Friedrich Wilhelm "der Grosse
(b. 1620 - d. 1688)
Kurfürst"
9 May 1688 - 18 Jan 1701
Friedrich
III
(b. 1657 - d. 1713)
Kings (see above
regarding style)
18 Jan 1701 - 25 Feb 1713
Friedrich I (Friedrich
III) (s.a.)
25 Feb 1713 - 31 May 1740
Friedrich Wilhelm
I
(b. 1688 - d. 1740)
31 May 1740 - 17 Aug 1786
Friedrich II "der
Grosse"
(b. 1712 - d. 1786)
17 Aug 1786 - 16 Nov 1797
Friedrich Wilhelm
II
(b. 1744 - d. 1797)
16 Nov 1797 - 7 Jun 1840
Friedrich Wilhelm
III
(b. 1770 - d. 1840)
7 Jun 1840 - 2 Jan
1861 Friedrich Wilhelm
IV
(b. 1795 - d. 1861)
7 Oct 1858 - 2 Jan 1861
Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm -Regent (b.
1797 - d. 1888)
2 Jan 1861 - 9 Mar 1888 Wilhelm I
(s.a.)
9 Mar 1888 - 15 Jun 1888
Friedrich
III
(b. 1831 - d. 1888)
15 Jun 1888 - 9 Nov 1918
Wilhelm
II
(b. 1859 - d. 1941)
(confirmed abdication 28 Nov 1918, Amerongen, Netherlands)
Director of the Privy Council
Oct 1652 - 1653
Joachim Friedrich Freiherr von
(b. 1607 - d. 1657)
Blumenthal
First State Minister
1653 -
1658
Georg Friedrich Graf von Waldeck- (b. 1620 - d.
1692)
Pyrmont
First State Minister and Oberpräsident of
Privy Council
1658 - 4 Nov
1679
Otto Freiherr von
Schwerin
(b. 1616 - d. 1679)
Presidents of the Geheime Hofkammer
(heads of the central treasury)
1678 - 1681
Bodo von
Gladebeck
(b. 1620 - d.
1681)
1681 - 1682
Friedrich von Jena
(acting) (b. 1620 -
d. 1682)
1682 - 1683
Franz von Meinders
(acting) (b. 1630 -
d. 1695)
1683 - 1698
Dodo Freiherr zu Inn-
und
(b. 1641 - d. 1698)
Knyphausen (acting to 1687)
First State Ministers and Oberpräsidenten of
Privy Council
1695 - Dec
1697
Eberhard Freiherr von Danckelmann (b. 1643 - d.
1717)
Dec 1697 - 1698
Johann Albrecht von Barfus
(b. 1635 - d.
1704)
(acting first state minister)
1698 - Jan
1711
Johann Kasimir
Reichsgraf
(b. 1643 - d. 1712)
Kolbe von Wartenberg
First State (from 1728, State and Cabinet)
Ministers
(heads of foreign and royal house departement)
1711 - 6 Dec
1728
Heinrich Rüdiger von
Ilgen
(b. 1650 - d. 1728)
Dec 1728 - 25 May
1741 Adrian Bernhard Graf von
Borcke (b. 1688 - d. 1741)
May 1741 - 29 Jul 1760 Heinrich
Graf von
Podewils
(b. 1695 - d. 1760)
Jul 1760 - 3 Jan 1800 Karl
Wilhelm Graf Finck von
(b. 1714 - d. 1800)
Finckenstein
Jan 1800 - 21 Oct 1802 Philip
Karl Graf von Alvensleben (b. 1745 - d.
1802)
Oct 1802 - Aug 1804
Christian Heinrich Kurt Graf von (b. 1752 -
d. 1832)
Haugwitz (1st time)
Aug 1804 - Apr
1806 Karl
August Graf von Hardenberg (b. 1750 -
d. 1822)
(1st time)
Apr 1806 - Nov
1806 Christian
Heinrich Kurt Graf von (s.a.)
Haugwitz (2nd time)
French Administrators-general of the
Finances and Domains of the Conquered
Countries beyond the Elbe (administrateur-général
des finances et domaines
des pays conquis au-delà de l'Elbe)(in Berlin)
Dec 1806 - Nov 1807
Martin Roch Xavier Estève
(b. 1772 - d. 1853)
Nov 1807 - Dec 1808
Louis Pierre Édouard
Bignon (b.
1771 - d. 1841)
First State and Cabinet Ministers (in Königsberg)
Dec 1806 – Apr 1807
Friedrich Wilhelm von Zastrow
(b. 1752 - d. 1830)
26 Apr 1807 - 14 Jul 1807 Karl August
Graf von Hardenberg (s.a.)
(2nd time)
14 Jul 1807 - 3 Oct 1807 Immediate
Commission (interim administration)
- Wilhelm Anton von Klewitz
(b. 1760 - d. 1838)
(chairman, titled Präsidium)
- Friedrich August von Staegemann (b. 1763 - d.
1840)
- Karl Sigmund Freiherr vom Stein
zum Altenstein
(b. 1770 - d.
1840)
- Theodor Heinrich von Schön
(b. 1773 - d. 1856)
(acting)
Leading (Leitender) Ministers of State
Ministry (not a formal position; in Königsberg to
1809)
3 Oct 1807 - 24 Nov 1808 Heinrich Friedrich
Karl Freiherr (b. 1757 - d. 1831)
vom und zum Stein
(minister of General Affairs, Finance and
Police)
24 Nov 1808 - 4 Jun 1810 Friedrich
Ferdinand Alexander (b.
1771 - d. 1831)
Burggraf zu Dohna-Schlobitten
(minister of internal affairs)
State Chancellors, Presidents of State
Ministry
4 Jun 1810 - 26 Nov 1822
Karl August Graf von Hardenberg
(s.a.)
(from 3 Jun 1814, Karl August Fürst von
Hardenberg)
Jun 1822 - 30 Jan 1823
Otto Karl Friedrich von
Voss (b. 1755 - d.
1822)
(vice-president of State Ministry)
Reporting (Vortragender) Cabinet
Ministers
1823 - 14 Feb
1841
Karl Friedrich Heinrich Graf von (b. 1767 -
d. 1841)
Wylich und Lottum
9 Mar 1841 - 19 Mar 1848
Ludwig Gustav von
Thile
(b. 1781 - d. 1852)
Presidents of the Council of State
1823 -
1827
Vacant
1827 - 21 Sep
1837
Karl Herzog von
Mecklenburg- (b.
1785 - d. 1837)
Strelitz
2 Apr 1838 - 5 Oct 1847 Karl Freiherr
von Müffling gen.
Weiss
(b. 1775 - d. 1851)
Sep 1843 - 11 Sep 1847 Gustav
Adolf Rochus von Rochow (b. 1792 - d.
1847)
(acting for Müffling)
5 Oct 1847 - 19 Mar 1848 Friedrich Carl von
Savigny
(b. 1779 - d. 1861)
Minister-presidents (Prime ministers)
19 Mar 1848 - 29 Mar 1848 Adolf Heinrich
Graf
von
(b. 1803 - d. 1868)
Arnim-Boitzenburg
29 Mar 1848 - 20 Jun 1848 Gottfried
Ludolf
Camphausen (b.
1803 - d. 1890)
25 Jun 1848 - 21 Sep 1848 Rudolf Ludwig
Cäsar von Auerswald (b. 1795 - d. 1866)
21 Sep 1848 - 1 Nov 1848 Ernst
Heinrich Adolf von Pfuel (b. 1799 -
d. 1866)
1 Nov 1848 - 19 Dec 1850
Friedrich Wilhelm Graf
von (b.
1792 - d. 1850)
Brandenburg
19 Dec 1850 - 6 Nov 1858 Otto
Theodor Freiherr
von
(b. 1805 - d. 1882)
Manteuffel
6 Nov 1858 - 17 Mar 1862
Karl Anton Fürst von Hohenzollern-
(b. 1811 - d. 1885)
Sigmaringen
17 Mar 1862 - 23 Sep 1862 Adolf Fürst von
Hohenlohe-
(b. 1797 - d. 1873)
Ingelfingen
23 Sep 1862 - 1 Jan 1873 Otto
Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (b. 1815 - d.
1898) Non-party
(from 15 Sep 1865, Otto Eduard Leopold
Graf von
Bismarck; from 21 Mar 1871,
Otto Eduard Leopold Fürst von Bismarck)
(1st time)
1 Jan 1873 - 9 Nov
1873 Albrecht Theodor Emil Graf
von (b. 1803 - d. 1879)
Non-party
Roon
9 Nov 1873 - 20 Mar 1890 Otto Eduard Leopold
Fürst von (s.a.)
Non-party
Bismarck (2nd time)
20 Mar 1890 - 23 Mar 1892 Georg Leo von
Caprivi de Caprera (b. 1831
- d. 1899) Non-party
Montecuccoli (from 18 Dec 1891,
Georg Leo Graf von Caprivi de
Caprera de Montecuccoli)
23 Mar 1892 - 29 Oct 1894 Botho Julius
August Graf zu
(b. 1831 - d. 1912) Non-party
Eulenburg
29 Oct 1894 - 9 Nov 1918
the imperial chancellors
- vice-prime ministers acting for
the Imperial Chancellors -
9 Nov 1873 - 23 Mar 1878
Otto Camphausen
(b. 1812 - d. 1896) Lib
29 May 1878 - 20 Jun 1881 Otto Graf zu
Stolberg-Wernigerode (b. 1837 - d. 1896)
8 Oct 1881 - 29 Oct 1894
Robert Victor von
Puttkamer (b.
1828 - d. 1900)
16 Aug 1888 - 30 Jun 1897 Carl Heinrich
von Boetticher
(s.a.)
1 Jul 1897 - 5 May
1901 Johannes Franz von
Miquel
(b. 1828 - d. 1901) NLP
29 Jun 1901 - 14 Jul 1909 Theobald von
Bethmann Hollweg (s.a.)
Non-party
16 Aug 1914 - 22 May 1916 Clemens
Gottlieb Ernst
von (b.
1856 - d. 1921)
Delbrück
22 May 1916 - 9 Nov 1917 Paul
Justin von
Breitenbach
(b. 1850 - d. 1930)
9 Nov 1917 - 9 Nov
1918 Robert
Friedberg
(b. 1851 - d. 1920) NLP
Party abbreviations: Lib
= Liberalen (Liberal); NLP =
Nationalliberale Partei (National Liberal Party,
liberal, 1866-Nov 1918)
Pyrmont (Pirmont): see Waldeck-Pyrmont
Quadt und Wickrath
Map of Wickrath
and
Isny
1802
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Capital:
Wickrath 1502-1794; Isny 1803-1806
|
Population:
2,500 (1802, Wickrath);
400 (Isny Abbey, 1802)
|
c.1064 - c.1075
Gerlachus von Wickerode mentioned as the 'Lord of
Wickerode' (later
spelled
(Wickerothe, Wicrode, Wyckrath, Wickraidt,
Wickra,
Wickrath, Wickerad,
Wyckerad, Wykradt).
c.1075 - 1166
Wickrath under the Hochstaden
(Hostaden) dynasty.
1166 - 1309
Wickrath inherited by the Counts von
Ahre-Hochstaden.
1262
Quadt lordship first
mentioned.
1309
Ahre-Hochstaden family extinct, Wickrath falls to the
Count
of Guelders (Grafen Geldern)(from 1318, Duke of
Guelders
[Herzogtum Geldern]). Guelders enfeoffed various
vassals
with Wickrath.
1335 -
1466
Wickrath to Broichhausen as a fief.
1466 -
1474
Duke Adolf von Egmont/Geldern gave Wickrath to Eduard
Vogt of Bell,
a natural son of Duke
Rainald IV, as a pledge.
1474 - 1485
Duke Charles of Burgundy gave the Wickrath
to his chamberlain
Frederick de Flerschem.
1474 - 1482
Evert Vogt zu Bell named as Herr von
Wickrath, as a vassal
of the Duke of Gelders.
1482
Archduke and later Emperor Maximilian I sold Wickrath,
as the heir
of Charles of Burgundy, to Heinrich II von Hompesch
Ritter
Marschalk des Landes von Jülich (b. c.1448 - d. 1502).
6 Nov 1488
Lordship of Wickrath is
separated from the Gelder and enfeoffed
to
Heinrich II von Hompesch and granted imperial immediacy
by
Emperor
Frederick III (Herrlichkeit Wickradt [Wykradt]).
15 Jul
1502
Henry von Hompesch dies, his stepsons from the Quadt
family, inherit
Wickrath.
1599
Quadt-Wickrath-Schwanenberg partitioned from
Quadt-Wickrath.
16 Oct 1620
Imperial Lordship of Wickrath (Reichsherrschaft
Wickrath).
1664
Quadt-Wickrath-Schwanenberg elevated to imperial barons
(Reichsfreiherr von Quadt zu Wickrath und
Schwanenberg).
16 Apr
1752
Quadt-Wickrath-Schwanenberg elevated
to imperial counts (Reichsgraf
von Quadt zu Wickrath und Schwanenberg).
1794 - 1796
French occupy
Wickrath in the area of the Left-bank of the Rhine,
the
count flees.
1796
Wickrath annexed to France
(from 1801, part of Roer département).
25 Feb 1803
The
Count is given the Free Imperial City of Isny im Allgäu
and
Saint George Abbey (Kloster Sankt Georg) in Isny
(Ysni) as the
Imperial County of Isny (Reichsgrafschaft Isny) as
compensation
for lost Wickrath and
Schwanenberg.
8 Mar
1803
Count of Quadt takes possession of Isny (Princely County
of Quadt-
Wykradt und Isnay)(Reichsgraf von Quadt zu Wykradt und
Isny).
12 Jul
1806
Isny annexed to Württemberg
(by the Confederation of Rhine Act).
Nov 1813 - 10 Mar 1814 Wickrath
occupied by Prussia.
10 Mar 1814
Wickrath annexed by Prussia (within
Jülich-Kleve-Berg province,
from 1822 Rhein province).
Imperial Barons (title Reichsfreiherr von Quadt
zu Wickrath und Schwanenberg und Herr zu Wickrath)
24 Nov 1670 - 18 Feb 1713 Wilhelm
Bertram (in Wickrath)
(b.
1652 - d. 1713)
24 Nov 1670 - 19 Apr 1708 Johann Friedrich
(in Hemmert)
(b. 16.. - d. 1708)
18 Feb 1713 - 23 Aug 1724 Friedrich Wilhelm
Thomas
(b. 1682 - d. 1724)
23 Aug 1724 - 16 Apr 1752
Wilhelm Otto Friedrich
(b. 1717 - d. 1785)
Imperial Counts (title
Reichsgraf von Quadt zu Wickrath und
Schwanenberg und Herr zu Wickrath)
16 Apr 1752 - 1 Jul 1785
Wilhelm Otto Friedrich
(s.a.)
1 Jul 1785 - 1796
Otto Friedrich
(count flees 1794) (b. 1758 - d.
1829)
Imperial Count (title Reichsgraf von
Quadt zu Wykradt und Isny)
8 Mar 1803 - 12 Jul 1806 Otto Friedrich
(s.a.)
Quedlinburg
936
Praemonstratensian Abbey of Quedlinburg (Abbatia
Quedlinburgensis/
Stift Quedlinburg).
966
Abbesses also Princesses of the Empire (Reichsstift
Quedlinburg).
1539
Protestant house of secular canonesses (Frauenstift
Quedlinburg).
9 Mar
1801
Secularized.
27 Apr
1803
Annexed to Prussia.
28 Aug
1807
Annexed to Kingdom of Westphalia.
29 Jul 1809 - 6
Aug 1809 Invasion by Friedrich
Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick.
28 Oct 1813 - 21 Jun 1815 Prussian
administration.
21 Jun
1815
Re-incorporated into Prussia.
Princess-Abbesses (title Fürstinäbtissin von
Quedlinburg)
4 Sep 1684 - 24 Jun 1704 Anna
Dorothea Herzogin
von
(b. 1657 - d. 1704)
Sachsen-Weimar
Jan 1698 - 1710
Maria Aurora Gräfin
von
(b. 1662 - d. 1728)
Königsmarck -Co-adjutor
(acting Princess-Abbess 1704-1710)
1704 - 25 Sep
1710
Magdalena Sibylle Herzogin
von (b.
1673 - d. 1726)
Sachsen-Weissenfels -Administrator
25 Sep 1710 - 17 Jul
1755 Maria Elisabeth Herzogin
von
(b. 1678 - d. 1755)
Holstein-Gottorp
1710 - 16 Feb
1728
Maria Aurora Gräfin
von
(s.a.)
Königsmarck -Propstin
17 Jul 1755 - 30 Mar
1787 Anna Amalie Prinzessin von
Preussen (b. 1723 - d. 1787)
30 Mar 1787 - 9 Mar
1801 Sophie Albertine von
Schweden
(b. 1753 - d. 1829)
Sovereign Princess
(title Fürstin zu Quedlinburg)
9 Mar 1801 - 27 Apr
1803 Sophie Albertine von
Schweden
(s.a.)
© Ben Cahoon
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