States of Germany since 1918

Note: state flags (and anthems) were abolished 15 Sep 1935 - May 1945.

Capital: Dessau

State Anthem "Dessauer Marsch"

Population: 436,200 (1939)

12 Nov 1918                Free State of Anhalt (Freistaat Anhalt).
30 Jan 1934                State of Anhalt (Land Anhalt)
 9 Jul 1945                Merged into Sachsen-Anhalt.

Ministers of State
 8 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918  Max Gutknecht                      (b. 1876 - d. 1935)  Non-party
14 Nov 1918 - 23 Jul 1919  Wolfgang Heine                     (b. 1861 - d. 1944)  SDP
23 Jul 1919 -  9 Jul 1924  Heinrich Deist (1st time)          (b. 1874 - d. 1962)  SPD
 9 Jul 1924 - 25 Nov 1924  R. Willi Knorr                     (b. 1878 - d. 1937)  DNVP
25 Nov 1924 - 21 May 1932  Heinrich Deist (2nd time)          (s.a.)               SPD
21 May 1932 -  8 Jan 1940  Alfred Freyberg                    (b. 1892 - d. 1945)  NSDAP
 5 May 1933 - 23 Oct 1935  Friedrich Wilhelm Loeper           (b. 1883 - d. 1935)  NSDAP
                             (Reichsstatthalter)
Oct 1935 - 20 Apr 1937     Fritz Sauckel                      (b. 1894 - d. 1946)  NSDAP
                             (acting Reichsstatthalter)
 8 Jan 1940 - Apr 1945     Rudolf Jordan                      (b. 1902 - d. 1988)  NSDAP
                             (also Reichsstatthalter from 20 Apr 1937)

Capital: Karlsruhe (Freiburg 1945-1952)

State Anthem "Badner Lied"  (Song of Baden)

Population: 2,502,000 (1939) Südbaden: 1,197,100 (1951)

 

22 Nov 1918                Republic of Baden (Republik Baden)

 7 Jul 1945                Divided into two parts: northern part merged into Württemberg-Baden

                             and southern part becomes State of South Baden (Land Südbaden).

 2 Dec 1946                Südbaden renamed State of Baden (Land Baden).

 7 Sep 1949                Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

25 Apr 1952                Merged into Baden-Württemberg.

25 Apr 1952                Southwest State (Südweststaat) constituted by the merger of
                             Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern.
15 May 1952                State of Baden-Württemberg (Land Baden-Württemberg)

Minister-presidents
25 Apr 1952 - 30 Sep 1953  Reinhold Otto Maier                (b. 1889 - d. 1971)  FDP/DVP
30 Sep 1953 - 17 Dec 1958  Gebhard Müller                     (b. 1900 - d. 1990)  CDU
17 Dec 1958 -  1 Dec 1966  Kurt Georg Kiesinger               (b. 1904 - d. 1988)  CDU
 1 Dec 1966 - 16 Dec 1966  Wolfgang Haussmann (acting)        (b. 1903 - d. 1989)  FDP/DVP
16 Dec 1966 - 30 Aug 1978  Hans Karl Filbinger                (b. 1913 - d. 2007)  CDU
30 Aug 1978 - 22 Jan 1991  Lothar Späth                       (b. 1937 - d. 2016)  CDU
22 Jan 1991 - 20 Apr 2005  Erwin Teufel                       (b. 1939)            CDU
21 Apr 2005 -  9 Feb 2010  Günther Hermann Oettinger          (b. 1953)            CDU
10 Feb 2010 - 12 May 2011  Stefan Mappus                      (b. 1966)            CDU
12 May 2011 -              Winfried Kretschmann               (b. 1948)            Grn

 8 Nov 1918                People's State of Bavaria (Volksstaat Bayern)
 7 Apr 1919 -  2 May 1919  Bavarian Soviet Republic or Conciliar Republic
                             of Bavaria (Bayerische Räterepublik), in rebellion.
15 Sep 1919                Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern).
 8-9 Nov 1923              "Beer Hall" putsch in Munich led by Adolf Hitler.
 7 Sep 1949                Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Minister-presidents
 8 Nov 1918 - 21 Feb 1919  Kurt Eisner                        (b. 1867 - d. 1919)  USPD 
 4 Mar 1919 - 15 Mar 1919  Martin Segitz (acting)             (b. 1853 - d. 1927)  SDP 
                            (not recognized by provisional assembly) 
15 Mar 1919 - 14 Mar 1920  Johannes Hoffmann                  (b. 1867 - d. 1930)  SPD
                            (in Bamberg 7 Apr - 2 May 1919)
14 Mar 1920 - 16 Mar 1920  Karl Freiherr von Freyberg (acting)(b. 1866 - d. 1940)  BVP
16 Mar 1920 - 21 Sep 1921  Gustav Ritter von Kahr             (b. 1862 - d. 1934)  BVP
21 Sep 1921 -  8 Nov 1922  Hugo Graf von und zu Lerchenfeld   (b. 1871 - d. 1944)  BVP
                             auf Köfering und Schönberg
 8 Nov 1922 - 28 Jun 1924  Eugen Ritter von Knilling          (b. 1865 - d. 1927)  BVP 
26 Sep 1923 - 16 Feb 1924  Gustav Ritter von Kahr             (s.a.)               BVP
                             (Staatskommissar)
27 Sep 1923 - 23 Oct 1923  Otto von Lossow (Reichskommissar)  (b. 1868 - d. 1938)  Mil
 8 Nov 1923 -  9 Nov 1923  Ernst Pöhner                       (b. 1870 - d. 1925)  NSDAP
                            (appointed by Hitler, in rebellion)
28 Jun 1924 - 16 Mar 1933  Heinrich Held                      (b. 1868 - d. 1938)  BVP
16 Mar 1933 - 12 Apr 1933  Franz Xaver Ritter von Epp         (b. 1868 - d. 1946)  NSDAP
                            (also Reichskommissar 9-16 Mar 1933 and 
                             10 Apr 1933 - 29 Apr 1945 Reichsstatthalter)
12 Apr 1933 -  1 Nov 1942  Ludwig Siebert                     (b. 1874 - d. 1942)  NSDAP
 2 Nov 1942 - 28 Apr 1945  Paul Giesler                       (b. 1895 - d. 1945)  NSDAP
28 May 1945 - 28 Sep 1945  Fritz Schäffer                     (b. 1888 - d. 1967)  BVP
28 Sep 1945 - 21 Dec 1946  Wilhelm Hoegner (1st time)         (b. 1887 - d. 1980)  SPD
21 Dec 1946 - 14 Dec 1954  Hans Ehard (1st time)              (b. 1887 - d. 1980)  CSU
14 Dec 1954 - 16 Oct 1957  Wilhelm Hoegner (2nd time)         (s.a.)               SPD
16 Oct 1957 - 26 Jan 1960  Franz "Hanns" Wendelin Seidel      (b. 1901 - d. 1961)  CSU
26 Jan 1960 - 11 Dec 1962  Hans Ehard (2nd time)              (s.a.)               CSU
11 Dec 1962 -  6 Nov 1978  Alfons Goppel                      (b. 1905 - d. 1991)  CSU
 6 Nov 1978 -  3 Oct 1988  Franz Josef Strauss                (b. 1915 - d. 1988)  CSU
 3 Oct 1988 - 28 May 1993  Max Balthasar Streibl              (b. 1932 - d. 1998)  CSU
                             (acting to 19 Oct 1998)
28 May 1993 -  9 Oct 2007  Edmund Rüdiger Stoiber             (b. 1941)            CSU
 9 Oct 2007 - 27 Oct 2008  Günther Beckstein                  (b. 1943)            CSU
27 Oct 2008 - 13 Mar 2018  Horst Lorenz Seehofer              (b. 1949)            CSU
14 Mar 2018 - 16 Mar 2018  Barbara Stamm (f)                  (b. 1944)            CSU
                           + Ilse Aigner (f)                  (b. 1964)            CSU
                           (acting)
16 Mar 2018 -              Markus Söder                       (b. 1967)            CSU

 7 Apr 1919 -  2 May 1919  Bavarian Soviet Republic (or Conciliar) Republic
                             of Bavaria (Bayerische Räterepublik), in Munich rebellion.

Chairmen of the Provisional Revolutionary Central Council (in Munich)
 7 Apr 1919 -  8 Apr 1919  Ernst Karl August Niekisch         (b. 1889 - d. 1967)  USPD
 8 Apr 1919 - 14 Apr 1919  Ernst Toller                       (b. 1893 - d. 1939)  USPD
Chairmen of the Executive Council (in Munich)
14 Apr 1919 - 27 Apr 1919  Eugen Leviné (Niessen)             (b. 1883 - d. 1919)  KPD
                           + Max Levien                       (b. 1885 - d. 1937)  KPD
27 Apr 1919 - 28 Apr 1919  Ernst Toller                       (s.a.)               USPD
29 Apr 1919 -  2 May 1919  Rudolf Eglhofer                    (b. 1896 - d. 1919)  Mil
                             (commander-in-chief of the army)

 1 Dec 1918 - 30 Jun 1930  French occupation of Bavarian Palatinate as part of the Allied
                             occupation of the Rhineland.        
 1 Jun 1919 - fall 1919    Failed attempt at declaring a Palatine Republic (Pfälzische
                             Republik) in rebellion for the detachment of Bavarian Palatinate
                             from Bavaria (supported by French occupation forces).
12 Nov 1923 - 17 Feb 1924  Palatinate Republic in the Association of the Rhenish Republic
                             (Pfälzische Republik im Verbande der Rheinischen Republik)
                             proclaimed, in rebellion against Bavarian government (supported
                             by French occupation forces).
30 Jan 1933 -  8 May 1945  Part of Gau Rheinpfalz (19 Jun 1936 - 7 Dec 1940 Gau Saarpfalz),
                             from 7 Dec 1940 Gau Westmark (Palatinate nominally remains
                             part of Bavaria).

President
 1 Jun 1919 - Oct? 1919    Eberhard Haas (in rebellion)       (b. 1872 - d. 19..)  FPB
Chairmen of the Government of the Autonomous Palatinate (in rebellion)
12 Nov 1923 -  9 Jan 1924  Franz Josef Heinz-Orbis            (b. 1884 - d. 1924)  DVP
 9 Jan 1924 - 17 Feb 1924  Adolf Bley                         (b. 1874 - d. 1951)  USPD

Director of the Bavarian Central Office for Palatine Affairs
(in Mannheim; from 1921, Heidelberg)
 4 Jun 1919 - 10 May 1924  August Ritter von Eberlein         (b. 1877 - d. 1949)  Mil Regierungspräsidenten of the Pfalz
 1 Apr 1918 - 31 May 1919  Theodor von Winterstein            (b. 1861 - d. 1945)
31 May 1909 -  5 Jun 1919  Lorenz Wappes                      (b. 1860 - d. 1952)
 5 Jun 1919 - 23 Jan 1923  Friedrich von Chlingensperg        (b. 1860 - d. 1944)
24 Jan 1923 - 30 Jun 1928  Jakob Mathèus                      (b. 1862 - d. 1946)
 1 Jul 1928 - 31 May 1932  Theodor Pfülf                      (b. 1866 - d. 1953)
 1 Jun 1932 - 30 Sep 1933  Ludwig Osthelder                   (b. 1877 - d. 1954)  BVP
 1 Oct 1933 -  3 May 1934  Franz Röder                        (b. 1873 - d. 19..)  NSDAP
 3 May 1934 - 20 Jun 1934  Richard Imbt                       (b. 1900 - d. 1987)  NSDAP
 1 Aug 1934 - 31 Aug 1939  Friedrich Wenner (1st time)        (b. 1876 - d. 1955)  NSDAP
 1 Sep 1939 - 30 Apr 1940  Karl Barth                         (b. 1896 - d. 1962)  NSDAP
 8 Apr 1941 - 30 Nov 1943  Friedrich Wenner (2nd time)        (s.a.)               NSDAP
30 Nov 1943 -  8 May 1945  Vacant

(West) Berlin
 

Capital: Berlin	Population: 3,711,930 (2017) 4,013,588 (1925) West Berlin: 2,013,000 (1987)	West Berlin Ethnic groups:  German 87%,  foreign (mostly Turkish and Croat) 13% (1982)
West Berlin Police: 20,446 (1989) (incl. civilian personnel)	West Berlin GDP: 55.2 billion  DEM (1982)	West Berlin Religions: Protestant  (mostly Lutheran) 70%, Roman  Catholic 12%, other/ none 18% (1970)
Map of West Berlin	Allied Sectors Map 1945-1990	City Constitution (1 Oct 1950 - 23 Nov 1995)

American Sector

City Commandants
 4 Jul 1945 -  2 Sep 1945  Floyd L. Parks                     (b. 1896 - d. 1959)
 3 Sep 1945 - 10 Oct 1945  James M. Gavin                     (b. 1907 - d. 1990)
11 Oct 1945 -  1 May 1946  Ray W. Barker                      (b. 1889 - d. 1974)
 1 May 1946 - 13 May 1947  Frank A. Keating                   (b. 1895 - d. 1973)
14 May 1947 - 23 Sep 1947  Cornelius E. Ryan                  (b. 1896 - d. 1972)
24 Sep 1947 - 30 Nov 1947  William Hesketh                    (b. 1895 - d. 1986)
 1 Dec 1947 - 31 Aug 1949  Frank Leo Howley                   (b. 1903 - d. 1993)
31 Aug 1949 - 31 Jan 1951  Maxwell D. Taylor                  (b. 1901 - d. 1987)
 1 Feb 1951 -  2 Jan 1953  Lemuel Mathewson                   (b. 1889 - d. 1970)
 3 Jan 1953 -  4 Aug 1954  Thomas S. Timberman                (b. 1900 - d. 1989)
 5 Aug 1954 -  9 Sep 1955  George B. Honnen                   (b. 1897 - d. 1974)
10 Sep 1955 -  3 Jun 1957  Charles L. Dasher                  (b. 1900 - d. 1968)
 4 Jun 1957 - 15 Dec 1959  Barksdale Hamlett                  (b. 1908 - d. 1979)
20 Dec 1959 -  3 May 1961  Ralph M. Osborne                   (b. 1903 - d. 1991)
 4 May 1961 -  2 Jan 1963  Albert Watson II                   (b. 1909 - d. 1993)
 2 Jan 1963 - 31 Aug 1964  James H. Polk                      (b. 1911 - d. 1972)
 1 Sep 1964 -  3 Jun 1967  John F. Franklin, Jr.              (b. 1911 - d. 1990)
 3 Jun 1967 - 28 Feb 1970  Robert G. Fergusson                (b. 1911 - d. 2001)
28 Feb 1970 - 12 May 1971  George M. Seignious II             (b. 1921 - d. 2005)
12 May 1971 - 10 Jun 1974  William W. Cobb                    (b. 1917 - d. 2007)
10 Jun 1974 - 11 Aug 1975  Sam Sims Walker                    (b. 1925 - d. 2015)
11 Aug 1975 -  7 Jun 1978  Joseph C. McDonough                (b. 1924 - d. 2005)
 7 Jun 1978 -  5 Jul 1981  Calvert P. Benedict                (b. 1924 - d. 2011)
 5 Jul 1981 - 27 Jun 1984  James G. Boatner                   (b. 1930 - d. 2017)
27 Jun 1984 -  1 Jun 1988  John H. Mitchell                   (b. 1933 - d. 2013)
 1 Jun 1988 -  2 Oct 1990  Raymond E. Haddock                 (b. 1936)

City Commandants
 5 Jul 1945 - 30 Aug 1945  Lewis Owen Lyne                    (b. 1899 - d. 1970)
30 Aug 1945 - 13 Jun 1947  Eric Paytherus Nares               (b. 1892 - d. 1947)
13 Jun 1947 - 23 Jan 1949  Edwin Otway Herbert                (b. 1901 - d. 1984)
23 Jan 1949 - 24 Oct 1951  Geoffrey Kemp Bourne               (b. 1902 - d. 1982)
24 Oct 1951 - 13 Mar 1954  Cyril Frederick Charles Coleman    (b. 1903 - d. 1974)
13 Mar 1954 - 30 Apr 1955  William Pasfield Oliver            (b. 1901 - d. 1981)
 1 May 1955 -  6 Feb 1956  Robert Charles Cottrell-Hill       (b. 1903 - d. 1965) 
 6 Feb 1956 - 26 Mar 1956  .... (acting)
26 Mar 1956 - 20 Mar 1959  Francis David Rome                 (b. 1905 - d. 1985)
23 Mar 1959 -  3 May 1962  Rohan Delacombe                    (b. 1906 - d. 1991)
                             (from 10 Jun 1961, Sir Rohan Delacombe) 
 4 May 1962 -  7 Dec 1962  Claude Ian Hurley Dunbar           (b. 1909 - d. 1971)
 7 Dec 1962 - 28 Jan 1966  David Peel-Yates                   (b. 1911 - d. 1978)
28 Jan 1966 -  7 Mar 1968  Sir Eustace John Blois Nelson      (b. 1912 - d. 1993)
 7 Mar 1968 - 19 Nov 1970  Francis James Cecil Bowes-Lyon     (b. 1917 - d. 1977)
19 Nov 1970 -  2 Aug 1973  Alan Cathcart, Earl Cathcart       (b. 1919 - d. 1999)
 2 Aug 1973 - 29 Nov 1975  David William Scott-Barrett        (b. 1922 - d. 2004)
29 Nov 1975 - 24 Jan 1978  Roy Michael Frederick Redgrave     (b. 1925 - d. 2011)
24 Jan 1978 - 15 Sep 1980  Robert Francis Richardson          (b. 1929 - d. 2014)
15 Sep 1980 -  7 Oct 1983  Joseph David Frederick Mostyn      (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
 7 Oct 1983 - Dec 1985     Bernard Charles Gordon Lennox      (b. 1932 - d. 2017)
Dec 1985 - 16 Jan 1989     Patrick Guy Brooking               (b. 1937 - d. 2014)
16 Jan 1989 -  2 Oct 1990  Robert John Swan Corbett           (b. 1940) 

City Commandants
11 Jul 1945 - 12 Mar 1946  Geoffroi du Bois de Beauchesne     (b. 1883 - d. 1957)
12 Mar 1946 -  4 Oct 1946  Charles J.M.A. Lançon              (b. 1890 - d. 1956)
 4 Oct 1946 -  1 Oct 1950  Jean Ganeval                       (b. 1894 - d. 1981)
 1 Oct 1950 - 31 Dec 1952  Pierre Carolet                     (b. 1898 - d. 1981)
 1 Jan 1953 - 31 Dec 1954  Pierre Mançeaux-Démiau             (b. 1898 - d. 1979)
 1 Jan 1955 - 30 Sep 1958  Amédée J.B. Gèze                   (b. 1898 - d. 1988)
 1 Oct 1958 - 25 Feb 1962  Jean Lacomme                       (b. 1902 - d. 1983)
26 Feb 1962 - 30 Sep 1964  Édouard K. Toulouse
 1 Oct 1964 - 11 Oct 1967  François Binoche                   (b. 1911 - d. 1997)
11 Oct 1967 - 1970         Bernard Huchet de Quénetain        (b. 1911 - d. 1983)
1970 - 1973                Maurice Routier
1973 - 1975                Camille Metzler
1975 - 1977                Jacques Mangin
1977 - 1980                Bernard d'Astorg                   (b. 1921 - d. 2014)
1980 - 1984                Jean-Pierre Liron                  (b. 1924 - d. 2007)
1984 - 1985                Olivier Le Taillandier de Gabory   (b. 1926 - d. 1995)
1985 - 1987                Paul Cavarrot                      (b. 1937 - d. 2012)
1987 -  2 Oct 1990         François Robert Cann               (b. 1932)

Military Commandants
28 Apr 1945 - 16 Jun 1945  Nikolay Erastovich Berzarin        (b. 1904 - d. 1945) 
17 Jun 1945 - 19 Nov 1945  Aleksandr Vasilyevich Gorbatov     (b. 1891 - d. 1973) 
19 Nov 1945 -  1 Apr 1946  Dmitriy Sergeyevich Smirnov        (b. 1901 - d. 1975) 
 1 Apr 1946 - 10 Oct 1949  Aleksandr Georgiyevich Kotikov     (b. 1902 - d. 1981) 
Representatives of the Soviet Control Commission in Berlin
10 Oct 1949 –  7 Jun 1950  Aleksandr Georgiyevich Kotikov     (s.a.)
 7 Jun 1950 - 28 May 1953  Sergey Alekseyevich Dengin         (b. 1900 - d. 1989) 
City Commandants
28 May 1953 - 23 Jun 1956  Pyotr Akimovich Dibrova            (b. 1901 - d. 1971)
28 Jun 1956 - 26 Feb 1958  Andrey Sergeyevich Chamov          (b. 1905 - d. 1981)
26 Feb 1958 -  9 May 1961  Nikolay Fyodorovich Zakharov   
 9 May 1961 - 22 Aug 1962  Andrey Y. Solov'yov (Soloviev)
22 Aug 1962 - 31 May 1971  Helmut Poppe                       (b. 1926 - d. 1979)
 1 Jun 1971 - 31 Aug 1978  Artur Kunath                       (b. 1914 - d. 1995)
 1 Sep 1978 - 31 Dec 1989  Karl-Heinz Drews                   (b. 1929)
 1 Jan 1989 - 30 Sep 1990  Wolfgang Dombrowski                (b. 1933 - d. 2006)
 1 Oct 1990 -  2 Oct 1990  Detlef Wendorf (acting)

 6 Nov 1813                Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (Freie Hansestadt Bremen).
10 Jan 1919 -  4 Feb 1919  Soviet Republic of Bremen (Bremer Räterepublik)(in Bremerhaven
                             to 8 Feb 1919).
 7 Sep 1949                Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

First Mayor
 1 Jan 1918 - 10 Jan 1919  Hermann Christian Ferdinand        (b. 1849 - d. 1939)  1919: DDP
                             Hildebrand 
Chairmen of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council
14 Nov 1918 - 10 Jan 1919  Alfred Henke (in rebellion)        (b. 1868 - d. 1946)  USPD
10 Jan 1919 -  4 Feb 1919  Rat der Volksbeauftragten
                           - Alfred Henke                     (s.a.)               USPD
                           - Adam Frasunkiewicz               (b. 1873 - d. 1923)  USPD
                           - Johann Knief                     (b. 1880 - d. 1919)  KPD
                           - Karl Jannack                     (b. 1891 - d. 1968)  SPD
First Mayors
 4 Feb 1919 - 10 Apr 1919  Hermann Christian Ferdinand        (s.a.)               DDP
                             Hildebrand 
10 Apr 1919 - 18 May 1920  Karl Deichmann                     (b. 1863 - d. 1940)  SPD
18 May 1920 - 18 Mar 1933  Martin Donatus Ferdinand Donandt   (b. 1852 - d. 1937)  Non-party
18 Mar 1933 - 23 Oct 1934  Richard Markert                    (b. 1891 - d. 1957)  NSDAP
                             (Reichskommissar 6 Mar - 13 May 1933)
 5 May 1933 - 15 May 1942  Karl Röver (Reichsstatthalter)     (b. 1889 - d. 1942)  NSDAP
23 Oct 1934 - 16 Apr 1937  Karl Hermann Otto Heider           (b. 1896 - d. 1960)  NSDAP
16 Apr 1937 - 16 Jun 1944  Johann Heinrich Adolph Böhmcker    (b. 1896 - d. 1944)  NSDAP
27 May 1942 - Apr 1945     Paul Wegener (Reichsstatthalter)   (b. 1908 - d. 1993)  NSDAP
 1 Jul 1944 - 27 Apr 1945  Richard Duckwitz                   (b. 1886 - d. 1972)  NSDAP
27 Apr 1945 - 30 Apr 1945  Johannes Schroers (acting)         (b. 1885 - d. 1960)  NSDAP
Governing Mayor
 4 May 1945 -  1 Aug 1945  Erich Vagts                        (b. 1896 - d. 1981)  Non-party
Mayors and Presidents of the Senate
 1 Aug 1945 - 20 Jul 1965  Wilhelm Kaisen                     (b. 1887 - d. 1979)  SPD
20 Jul 1965 - 28 Nov 1967  Willy Dehnkamp                     (b. 1903 - d. 1985)  SPD
28 Nov 1967 - 18 Sep 1985  Hans Koschnick                     (b. 1929 - d. 2016)  SPD
18 Sep 1985 -  4 Jul 1995  Klaus Wedemeier                    (b. 1944)            SPD
 4 Jul 1995 -  8 Nov 2005  Henning Scherf                     (b. 1938)            SPD
 8 Nov 2005 - 15 Jul 2015  Jens Böhrnsen                      (b. 1949)            SPD
15 Jul 2015 - 15 Aug 2019  Carsten Sieling                    (b. 1959)            SPD
15 Aug 2019 -              Andreas Bovenschulte               (b. 1965)            SPD

 8 Nov 1918                Free State of Brunswick (Freistaat Braunschweig).
 9 Dec 1946                Part of Niedersachsen.

President
 9 Nov 1918 - 22 Feb 1919  August Ernst Reinhold Merges       (b. 1870 - d. 1945)   USPD

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissioners
10 Nov 1918 - 13 Apr 1919  Sepp Oerter                        (b. 1870 - d. 1928)   USPD
17 Apr 1919 - 21 Oct 1919  Heinrich Otto Jasper               (b. 1875 - d. 1945)   SPD
Minister-presidents
21 Oct 1919 - 22 Jun 1920  Heinrich Otto Jasper (1st time)    (s.a.)                SPD
22 Jun 1920 - 25 Nov 1921  Sepp Oerter                        (s.a.)                USPD
25 Nov 1921 - 23 Mar 1922  August Junke                       (b. 1886 - d. 1926)   USPD
23 Mar 1922 - 23 May 1922  Otto Friedrich Wilhelm Antrick     (b. 1858 - d. 1924)   SPD
23 May 1922 - 24 Dec 1924  Heinrich Otto Jasper (2nd time)    (s.a.)                SPD
24 Dec 1924 - 14 Dec 1927  Gerhard Marquordt                  (b. 1881 - d. 1950)   Non-party
14 Dec 1927 -  1 Oct 1930  Heinrich Otto Jasper (3rd time)    (s.a.)                SPD
 1 Oct 1930 -  5 May 1933  Werner Küchenthal                  (b. 1882 - d. 1976)   DNVP
 5 May 1933 - 12 Apr 1945  Dietrich Klagges                   (b. 1891 - d. 1971)   NSDAP
 5 May 1933 - 23 Oct 1935  Friedrich Wilhelm Loeper           (b. 1883 - d. 1935)   NSDAP
                             (Reichsstatthalter)
Oct 1935 - Apr 1937        Fritz Sauckel                      (b. 1894 - d. 1946)   NSDAP
                             (acting Reichsstatthalter)
20 Apr 1937 - Apr 1945     Rudolf Jordan (Reichsstatthalter)  (b. 1902 - d. 1988)   NSDAP
Minister-presidents
May 1945 - Jan 1946        Hubert Schlebusch                  (b. 1893 - d. 1955)   SPD
Jan 1946 -  9 Dec 1946     Alfred Kubel                       (b. 1909 - d. 1999)   SPD

20 Dec 1819                Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg)
 1 Apr 1938                Renamed Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Hansestadt Hamburg).
 7 Sep 1949                Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.
 6 Jun 1952                Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg

Chairmen of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council
12 Nov 1918 - 11 Jan 1919  Heinrich Laufenberg                (b. 1872 - d. 1932)  KDP
11 Jan 1919 - 31 Mar 1919  Karl Hense                         (b. 1871 - d. 1946)  SPD
First Mayors
31 Mar 1919 - 31 Dec 1919  Werner von Melle (3rd time)        (b. 1853 - d. 1937)  Non-party
 1 Jan 1920 -  2 Feb 1920  Gustav Friedrich Carl Johann       (b. 1856 - d. 1931)  Non-party
                             Sthamer 
 2 Feb 1920 -  3 Jan 1924  Arnold Friedrich Georg Diestel     (b. 1857 - d. 1924)  DDP
 9 Jan 1924 - 31 Dec 1929  Carl Wilhelm Petersen (1st time)   (b. 1868 - d. 1933)  DDP
 1 Jan 1930 - 31 Dec 1931  Rudolf Adolf Wilhelm Ross          (b. 1872 - d. 1951)  SPD
 1 Jan 1932 -  8 Mar 1933  Carl Wilhelm Petersen (2nd time)   (s.a.)               DDP
 8 Mar 1933 - 30 Jul 1936  Carl Vincent Krogmann              (b. 1889 - d. 1978)  NSDAP
                             (from 18 May 1933, Governing Mayor)
30 Jul 1936 -  3 May 1945  Karl Otto Kurt Kaufmann            (b. 1900 - d. 1969)  NSDAP
                             (also Reichsstatthalter 16 May 1933 - 3 May 1945)
15 May 1945 - 22 Nov 1946  Rudolf Petersen                    (b. 1879 - d. 1962)  Non-party
22 Nov 1946 -  2 Dec 1953  Max Brauer (1st time)              (b. 1887 - d. 1973)  SPD
 2 Dec 1953 -  4 Dec 1957  Kurt Sieveking                     (b. 1897 - d. 1986)  CDU
 4 Dec 1957 -  1 Jan 1961  Max Brauer (2nd time)              (s.a.)               SPD
 1 Jan 1961 -  9 Jun 1965  Paul Nevermann                     (b. 1902 - d. 1979)  SPD
 9 Jun 1965 - 16 Jun 1971  Herbert Weichmann                  (b. 1896 - d. 1983)  SPD
16 Jun 1971 - 12 Nov 1974  Peter Schulz                       (b. 1930 - d. 2013)  SPD
12 Nov 1974 - 24 Jun 1981  Hans-Ulrich Klose                  (b. 1937)            SPD
24 Jun 1981 -  8 Jun 1988  Klaus von Dohnanyi                 (b. 1928)            SPD
 8 Jun 1988 - 12 Nov 1997  Henning Voscherau                  (b. 1941 - d. 2016)  SPD
12 Nov 1997 - 31 Oct 2001  Ortwin Runde                       (b. 1944)            SPD
31 Oct 2001 - 25 Aug 2010  Ole von Beust                      (b. 1955)            CDU
25 Aug 2010 -  7 Mar 2011  Christoph Ahlhaus                  (b. 1969)            CDU
 7 Mar 2011 - 13 Mar 2018  Olaf Scholz                        (b. 1958)            SPD
14 Mar 2018 - 28 Mar 2018  Katharina Fegebank (f) (acting)    (b. 1977)            Grn
28 Mar 2018 -              Peter Tschentscher                 (b. 1966)            SPD

Oberpräsident
12 Jul 1945 - 21 Aug 1946  August Josef Hagemann              (b. 1875 - d. 1950)  CDU
Minister-president
23 Aug 1946 -  9 Dec 1946  Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf               (b. 1893 - d. 1961)  SPD

 2 Mar 1919                People's State of Hesse (Volksstaat Hessen).
19 Sep 1945                Hesse(-Darmstadt)(without administrative district of
                             Rheinhessen) is merged with the greater part of Prussian
                             provinces of Kurhessen and Nassau to form Greater Hesse
                             (Gross-Hessen), formally the State of Hesse (Land Hessen).
 4 Dec 1946                State of Hesse (Land Hessen)(retroactive from 1 Dec 1946).
 7 Sep 1949                Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Minister-president
11 Nov 1918 -  2 Mar 1919  Carl Ulrich                        (b. 1853 - d. 1933)  SPD
State Presidents
 2 Mar 1919 - 14 Feb 1928  Carl Ulrich                        (s.a.)               SPD
14 Feb 1928 - 13 Mar 1933  Bernhard Adelung                   (b. 1876 - d. 1943)  SPD
13 Mar 1933 - May 1933     Heinrich Josef Philipp Müller      (b. 1896 - d. 1945)  NSDAP 
May 1933 - 23 Sep 1933     Ferdinand Werner                   (b. 1876 - d. 1961)  NSDAP
23 Sep 1933 -  1 Mar 1935  Philipp Wilhelm Jung               (b. 1884 - d. 1965)  NSDAP
 1 Mar 1935 - Mar 1945     Jakob Sprenger                     (b. 1884 - d. 1945)  NSDAP
                            (also Reichsstatthalter 5 May 1933 - Mar 1945)
Mar 1945 - Apr 1945        Heinrich Reiner (acting)           (b. 1892 - d. 1946)  NSDAP
14 Apr 1945 - 19 Sep 1945  Ludwig Bergsträsser (acting)       (b. 1883 - d. 1960)  Non-party
Minister-presidents
19 Sep 1945 - 16 Oct 1945  Ludwig Bergsträsser                (s.a.)               Non-party
16 Oct 1945 - 20 Dec 1946  Karl Hermann Geiler                (b. 1878 - d. 1953)  Non-party
20 Dec 1946 - 14 Dec 1950  Christian Stock                    (b. 1884 - d. 1967)  SPD
14 Dec 1950 -  3 Oct 1969  Georg-August Zinn                  (b. 1901 - d. 1976)  SPD
 3 Oct 1969 - 12 Oct 1976  Albert Osswald                     (b. 1919 - d. 1996)  SPD
12 Oct 1976 - 23 Apr 1987  Holger Börner                      (b. 1931 - d. 2006)  SPD
23 Apr 1987 -  5 Apr 1991  Walter Wallmann                    (b. 1932 - d. 2013)  CDU
 5 Apr 1991 -  7 Apr 1999  Hans Eichel                        (b. 1941)            SPD
 7 Apr 1999 - 31 Aug 2010  Roland Koch                        (b. 1958)            CDU
31 Aug 2010 -              Volker Bouffier                    (b. 1951)            CDU

12 Nov 1918                Free State of Lippe (Freistaat Lippe)
21 Jan 1947                Part of Nordrhein-Westfalen.

First Chairman of the People's and Soldiers Council
Nov 1918 - 13 Feb 1919     Clemens Becker                      (b. 1869 - d. 1961)  SPD
Chairmen of State Presidium
13 Feb 1919 - 17 Dec 1920  Clemens Becker                      (s.a.)               SPD
17 Dec 1920 -  8 Jun 1921  Heinrich Hermann Drake (1st time)   (b. 1881 - d. 1970)  SPD
 8 Jun 1921 - 14 Jun 1921  Wilhelm Meier                       (b. 1887 - d. 1957)  SPD
                            (chairman State Committee)
14 Jun 1921 -  7 Feb 1933  Heinrich Hermann Drake (2nd time)   (s.a.)               SDP
                            (from 1932, president of the state government)
Ministers of State 
 7 Feb 1933 - 23 May 1933  Ernst Krappe                        (b. 1891 - d. 1977)  NSDAP
23 May 1933 - 1936         Hans-Joachim Riecke                 (b. 1899 - d. 1987)  NSDAP
16 May 1933 - Apr 1945     Alfred Meyer                        (b. 1891 - d. 1945)  NSDAP
                            (also Reichsstatthalter 16 May 1933 - 4 Apr 1945)
State President
 9 May 1946 - 21 Jan 1947  Heinrich Hermann Drake              (s.a.)               SPD

Minister of State
13 Nov 1913 - 10 Feb 1919  Karl Ludwig Freiherr von Biedenweg  (b. 1864 - d. 1940)  Non-party
                             (provisional)

Capital: Lübeck

State Anthem

Population: 136,500 (1933)

1813                       Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck (Freie und Hansestadt Lübeck) 
 1 Apr 1937                Incorporated into Prussia.
23 Aug 1946                Merged into Schleswig-Holstein.

Presiding Mayors
 1 Jan 1917 - 1920         Emil Ferdinand Fehling           (b. 1847 - d. 1927)  Non-party
1920 - 1926                Johann Martin Andreas Neumann    (b. 1865 - d. 1928)  Non-party
1926 - May 1933            Paul Bernhard Heinrich Löwigt    (b. 1873 - d. 1934)  SDP
May 1933 - 31 Mar 1937     Otto Heinrich Drechsler          (b. 1895 - d. 1945)  NSDAP
                             (continues to 5 May 1945)
26 May 1933 - 31 Mar 1937  Friedrich Hildebrandt            (b. 1898 - d. 1948)  NSDAP 
                             (Reichsstatthalter)

Capital: Schwerin

State Anthem

Population: 1,610,674 (2016) 900,000 (1939)

 

14 Nov 1918                Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Freistaat Mecklenburg-Schwerin),

                             and also the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Freistaat

                             Mecklenburg-Strelitz).

 1 Jan 1934                Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz united (Mecklenburg).

 9 Jul 1945                Mecklenburg and part of the Prussian province of Pomerania

                             merged as Mecklenburg.

31 Jul 1945                State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)

 1 Mar 1947                Renamed State of Mecklenburg (Land Mecklenburg).

 7 Oct 1949                Part of the German Democratic Republic.

23 Jul 1952                State dissolved into districts (Schwerin, Rostock,

                             and Neubrandenburg).

 3 Oct 1990                Reconstituted as as a state of the Federal Republic of Germany as

                             State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern).

President of the State Ministry
 9 Nov 1918 - 22 Feb 1919  Hugo Wendorff                     (b. 1864 - d. 1945)  DDP
Minister-presidents
22 Feb 1919 - 28 Jul 1920  Hugo Wendorff                     (s.a.)               DDP
28 Jul 1920 - 14 Jan 1921  Hermann Reincke-Bloch             (b. 1867 - d. 1928)  DVP
14 Jan 1921 - 18 Mar 1924  Johannes Stelling                 (b. 1877 - d. 1933)  SPD
18 Mar 1924 -  8 Jul 1926  Joachim Freiherr von Brandenstein (b. 1864 - d. 1941)  DNVP
 8 Jul 1926 - 10 Jul 1929  Paul Schröder                     (b. 1875 - d. 1932)  SPD
10 Jul 1929 - 13 Jul 1932  Karl Eschenburg                   (b. 1877 - d. 1943)  DNVP
13 Jul 1932 - 10 Aug 1933  Walter Granzow                    (b. 1887 - d. 1952)  NSDAP
10 Aug 1933 - 31 Dec 1933  Hans Egon Engell                  (b. 1897 - d. 1974)  NSDAP
26 May 1933 - 31 Dec 1933  Friedrich Hildebrandt             (b. 1898 - d. 1948)  NSDAP 
                            (Reichsstatthalter)

Chairmen of the State Ministry
11 Nov 1918 -  7 Jan 1919  Peter Franz Stubmann               (b. 1876 - d. 1962)  DDP
 7 Jan 1919 - 13 Oct 1919  Hans Krüger                        (b. 1884 - d. 1933)  SPD
Ministers of State
13 Oct 1919 -  2 Aug 1923  Kurt Gustav Hans Otto              (b. 1877 - d. 1937)  SPD
                             Freiherr von Reibnitz (1st time)
 2 Aug 1923 - 13 Mar 1928  Karl Schwabe                       (b. 1877 - d. 1938)  DNVP
13 Mar 1928 - 12 Apr 1929  Kurt Gustav Hans Otto              (s.a.)               SPD
                             Freiherr von Reibnitz (2nd time) 
12 Apr 1929 - 16 Apr 1929  Kurt Häntzschel (Reichskommissar)  (b. 1889 - d. 1941)  DDP
16 Apr 1929 -  4 Dec 1931  Kurt Gustav Hans Otto              (s.a.)               SPD 
                             Freiherr von Reibnitz (3rd time) 
 4 Dec 1931 - 27 May 1933  Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand         (b. 1888 - d. 1942)  DNVP
                             von Michael 
27 May 1933 - 31 Dec 1933  Fritz Stichtenoth                  (b. 1895 - d. 1935)  NSDAP
26 May 1933 - 31 Dec 1933  Friedrich Hildebrandt              (b. 1989 - d. 1948)  NSDAP
                            (Reichsstatthalter) 

First Secretaries of the Socialist Unity Party
21 Apr 1946 - 28 Jul 1951  Kurt Bürger                        (b. 1894 - d. 1951)
1951 - 1952                Karl Mewis                         (b. 1907 - d. 1987)

Minister-presidents
 1 Jan 1934 - 25 Oct 1934  Hans Egon Engell                   (s.a.)               NSDAP
25 Oct 1934 - May 1945     Friedrich Scharf                   (b. 1897 - d. 1974)  NSDAP
 1 Jan 1934 -  1 May 1945  Friedrich Hildebrandt              (b. 1898 - d. 1948)  NSDAP
                            (Reichsstatthalter)
Leaders of the State Administration
May 1945                   Hans Jess (1st time)               (b. 1887 - d. 1975)  CDU
May 1945 - 18 Jun 1945     Eduard Friedrich Stratmann         (b. 1875 - d. 1952)  LDPD
18 Jun 1945 - Jun 1945     Hans Jess (2nd time)               (s.a.)               CDU
Jun 1945 -  9 Jul 1945     Reinhold Lobedanz                  (b. 1880 - d. 1955)  CDU
President of the State Administration
 9 Jul 1945 - 31 Jul 1945  Wilhelm Höcker                     (b. 1886 - d. 1955)  SPD
President
31 Jul 1945 -  9 Dec 1946  Wilhelm Höcker                     (s.a.)     SPD;22 Apr 1946: SED
Minister-presidents
 9 Dec 1946 - 20 Jul 1951  Wilhelm Höcker                     (s.a.)               SED
20 Jul 1951 - 30 Jul 1951  Kurt Bürger                        (s.a.)               SED
30 Jul 1951 - 23 Jul 1952  Bernhard Quandt                    (b. 1903 - d. 1999)  SED
 3 Oct 1990 - 27 Oct 1990  Martin Brick                       (b. 1939)            CDU
                            (Landesbevollmächtigter)
27 Oct 1990 - 19 Mar 1992  Alfred Gomolka                     (b. 1942)            CDU
19 Mar 1992 -  3 Nov 1998  Berndt Seite                       (b. 1940)            CDU
 3 Nov 1998 -  6 Oct 2008  Harald Ringstorff                  (b. 1939)            SPD
 6 Oct 2008 -  4 Jul 2017  Erwin Sellering                    (b. 1949)            SPD 
 4 Jul 2017 -              Manuela Schwesig (f)               (b. 1974)            SPD

c.1946 - 13 Oct 1952 Unofficial

Adopted 13 Oct 1952

 9 Dec 1946                State of Lower Saxony (Land Niedersachsen) constituted by
                             the merger of Braunschweig, Oldenburg, and Hannover.
 7 Sep 1949                Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Minister-presidents
 9 Dec 1946 - 26 May 1955  Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf               (b. 1893 - d. 1961)  SPD
                             (1st time)
26 May 1955 - 12 May 1959  Heinrich Hellwege                  (b. 1908 - d. 1991)  DP
12 May 1959 - 21 Dec 1961  Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf               (s.a.)               SPD
                             (2nd time)
29 Dec 1961 -  8 Jul 1970  Georg Diederichs                   (b. 1900 - d. 1983)  SPD
 8 Jul 1970 -  6 Feb 1976  Alfred Kubel                       (b. 1909 - d. 1999)  SPD
 6 Feb 1976 - 21 Jun 1990  Ernst Albrecht                     (b. 1930 - d. 2014)  CDU
21 Jun 1990 - 28 Oct 1998  Gerhard Schröder                   (b. 1944)            SPD
28 Oct 1998 - 15 Oct 1999  Gerhard Glogowski                  (b. 1943)            SPD
15 Oct 1999 -  4 Mar 2003  Sigmar Gabriel                     (b. 1959)            SPD
 4 Mar 2003 - 30 Jun 2010  Christian Wulff                    (b. 1959)            CDU
30 Jun 2010 -  1 Jul 2010  Jörg Bode (acting)                 (b. 1970)            FDP
 1 Jul 2010 - 19 Feb 2013  David McAllister                   (b. 1971)            CDU
19 Feb 2013 -              Stephan Weil                       (b. 1958)            SPD

23 Aug 1946                Former Prussian provinces of Westfalen and the northern 
                             part of Rheinland (Nordrhein) merged to form State of
                             North Rhine-Westphalia (Land Nordrhein-Westfalen).
 7 Sep 1949                Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Minister-presidents
23 Aug 1946 - 16 Jun 1947  Rudolf Amelunxen                   (b. 1888 - d. 1969)  Non-party; 
                                                                                   1947: Z
17 Jun 1947 - 20 Feb 1956  Karl Arnold                        (b. 1901 - d. 1958)  CDU
20 Feb 1956 - 21 Jul 1958  Fritz Steinhoff                    (b. 1897 - d. 1969)  SPD
21 Jul 1958 -  8 Dec 1966  Franz Meyers                       (b. 1908 - d. 2002)  CDU
 8 Dec 1966 - 20 Sep 1978  Heinz Kühn                         (b. 1912 - d. 1992)  SPD
20 Sep 1978 - 27 May 1998  Johannes Rau                       (b. 1931 - d. 2006)  SPD
27 May 1998 - 22 Oct 2002  Wolfgang Clement                   (b. 1940)            SPD
22 Oct 2002 -  6 Nov 2002  Michael Vesper (acting)            (b. 1952)            Grn
 6 Nov 2002 - 22 Jun 2005  Peer Steinbrück                    (b. 1947)            SPD
22 Jun 2005 - 14 Jul 2010  Jürgen Rüttgers                    (b. 1951)            CDU
14 Jul 2010 - 27 Jun 2017  Hannelore Kraft (f)                (b. 1961)            SPD
27 Jun 2017 -              Armin Laschet                      (b. 1961)            CDU

20 Jun 1945                Nordrhein province formed from northern part of Prussian
                             province of Rheinland.
23 Aug 1946                Part of Nordrhein-Westfalen.

Oberpräsidenten
 4 Jul 1945 -  2 Oct 1945  Hans Fuchs                         (b. 1874 - d. 1956)  Non-party
 2 Oct 1945 - 24 Jul 1946  Robert Lehr                        (b. 1883 - d. 1956)  CDU

11 Nov 1918                Free State of Oldenburg (Freistaat Oldenburg)
 9 Dec 1946                Part of Niedersachsen.

President of the Directory
14 Nov 1918 - 21 Jun 1919  Bernhard Kuhnt                     (b. 1876 - d. 1946)  USPD
Minister-presidents
21 Jun 1919 - 17 Apr 1923  Theodor Johann Tantzen (1st time)  (b. 1877 - d. 1947)  DDP
17 Apr 1923 - 13 Jul 1930  Eugen von Finckh                   (b. 1860 - d. 1930)  Non-party
14 Dec 1930 - 16 Jun 1932  Friedrich Cassebohm                (b. 1872 - d. 1951)  Non-party
16 Jun 1932 -  6 May 1933  Carl Röver                         (b. 1889 - d. 1942)  NSDAP
                             (also Reichsstatthalter 5 May 1933 - 15 May 1942)
 6 May 1933 - Apr 1945     Georg Joel                         (b. 1898 - d. 1981)  NSDAP
27 May 1942 - Apr 1945     Paul Wegener (Reichsstatthalter)   (b. 1908 - d. 1993)  NSDAP
16 May 1945 -  9 Dec 1946  Theodor Johann Tantzen (2nd time)  (s.a.)               FDP

14 Jul 1919                Land of Birkenfeld, part of Oldenburg. 
 7 Sep 1919                Re-incorporated into Oldenburg.
 1 Apr 1937                Incorporated into Prussia (part of Rheinland province). 

Presidents (or directors) of the Government in Birkenfeld
(Präsidenten [bzw. Vorstände] der Regierung in Birkenfeld)
29 Nov 1917 - 15 Jun 1919  Hermann Gerhard Pralle (acting)       (b. 1863 - d. 1939)
15 Jun 1919 - 30 Aug 1919  Konrad Wilhelm Heinrich Hartong       (b. 1861 - d. 1931)
                             (acting) 
14 Jul 1919 - 30 Aug 1919  Rudolf Schmeyer 
Head of State
30 Aug 1919 -  7 Sep 1919  Philipp Ludwig Eberhard Zoeller
Presidents (of directors) of the Government in Birkenfeld
 7 Sep 1919 - 31 Oct 1923  Hugo Walther Dörr (1st time)          (b. 1879 - d. 1964)  DDP
                             (acting to 14 Feb 1920)
31 Oct 1923 - 15 Jan 1924  Karl Nieten (acting)                  (b. 1883 - d. 1957)
15 Jan 1924 - 21 Oct 1932  Hugo Walther Dörr (2nd time)          (s.a.)               DDP
21 Oct 1932 - 31 Mar 1937  Wilhelm Herbert Wild                  (b. 1886 - d. 1969)  NSDAP
                             (acting to 1933)

 9 Nov 1918                Free State of Prussia (Freistaat Preussen).
30 Apr 1945                End of central Prussian government.
25 Feb 1947                Allied Control Commission proclaims the dissolution of Prussia.

Presidents of the Government
 9 Nov 1918 - 11 Nov 1918  Friedrich Ebert                    (b. 1871 - d. 1925)  SPD
11 Nov 1918 - 25 Mar 1919  Paul Hirsch                        (b. 1868 - d. 1940)  SPD
Presidents of the State's Ministry
25 Mar 1919 - 27 Mar 1920  Paul Hirsch                        (s.a.)               SPD
13 Mar 1920 - 17 Mar 1920  Wolfgang Kapp -Minister-president  (b. 1858 - d. 1922)  ADV
                             (in rebellion)
27 Mar 1920 - 21 Apr 1921  Otto Braun                         (b. 1872 - d. 1955)  SPD
Minister-presidents
21 Apr 1921 -  5 Nov 1921  Adam Stegerwald                    (b. 1874 - d. 1945)  Z
 5 Nov 1921 - 18 Feb 1925  Otto Braun (1st time)              (s.a.)               SPD
18 Feb 1925 -  6 Apr 1925  Wilhelm Marx                       (b. 1863 - d. 1946)  Z
 6 Apr 1925 - 10 Apr 1933  Otto Braun (2nd time)              (s.a.)               SDP
                            (from 20 Jul 1932, in opposition
                             to the Reichskommissar)
 6 Jun 1932 - 20 Jul 1932  Heinrich Hirtsiefer                (b. 1876 - d. 1941)  Z
                            (acting for Braun) 
20 Jul 1932 -  3 Dec 1932  Franz von Papen (1st time)         (b. 1879 - d. 1969)  Z
                            (Reichskommissar)
 3 Dec 1932 - 28 Jan 1933  Kurt von Schleicher                (b. 1882 - d. 1934)  Non-party 
                            (Reichskommissar)
30 Jan 1933 - 10 Apr 1933  Franz von Papen (2nd time)         (s.a.)               DNVP
                            (Reichskommissar)
10 Apr 1933 - 24 Apr 1945  Hermann Göring                     (b. 1893 - d. 1946)  NSDAP
25 Apr 1933 - 30 Apr 1945  Adolf Hitler (Reichsstatthalter)   (b. 1889 - d. 1945)  NSDAP
30 Apr 1945                End of central Prussian government

Ministers of State
17 Apr 1919 -  1 May 1920  Karl Eduard Emil Franz Moritz      (b. 1875 - d. 1946)  Non-party 
                             Freiherr von Brandenstein
                           + William Oberländer               (b. 1869 - d. 1946)  DDP

11 Nov 1918                Free State Reuss Younger Line (Freistaat Reuss jüngerer Linie).
21 Dec 1918                Formed an administrative community with Reuss-Greiz.
17 Apr 1919                Two lines united as People's State of Reuss.

Leading Minister of State
10 Nov 1918 - 17 Apr 1919  Karl Eduard Emil Franz Moritz      (b. 1875 - d. 1946)  Non-party
                             Freiherr von Brandenstein

11 Nov 1918                Free State Reuss Senior Line (Freistaat Reuss älterer Linie).
21 Dec 1918                Formed an administrative community with Reuss-Gera.
17 Apr 1919                Two lines united as People's State of Reuss.

Leading Minister of State
Nov 1918 - 17 Apr 1919     William Oberländer                 (b. 1869 - d. 1946)  FP

15 Jun 1945                Rheinland-Hessen-Nassau province is formed by merger of the
                             southern part of the Prussian province of Rhinenland and western 
                             parts of the Prussian province of Hesse.
 1 Dec 1946                Rheinland-Hessen-Nassau and Pfalz are merged to form the State 
                             of Rhenish-Palatinate (Land Rheinpfalz).
18 May 1947                State of Rhineland-Palatinate (Land Rheinland-Pfalz)
 7 Sep 1949                Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Minister-presidents
19 Nov 1945 -  9 Jul 1947  Wilhelm Boden                      (b. 1890 - d. 1961)  CDU
                            (Oberpräsident of Rhineland-Hessen-Nassau to 1 Dec 1946)
 9 Jul 1947 - 19 May 1969  Peter Altmeier                     (b. 1899 - d. 1977)  CDU
19 May 1969 -  2 Dec 1976  Helmut Kohl                        (b. 1930 - d. 2017)  CDU
 2 Dec 1976 -  8 Dec 1988  Bernhard Vogel                     (b. 1932)            CDU
 8 Dec 1988 - 21 May 1991  Carl-Ludwig Wagner                 (b. 1930 - d. 2012)  CDU
21 May 1991 - 26 Oct 1994  Rudolf Scharping                   (b. 1947)            SPD
26 Oct 1994 - 16 Jan 2013  Kurt Beck                          (b. 1949)            SPD
16 Jan 2013 -              Malu Dreyer (f)                    (b. 1961)            SPD

Hessen-Pfalz

13 Jul 1945                Pfalz (Palatinate) district of Bavaria and the Rheinhessen
                             district of Hessen(-Darmstadt) are merged to form
                             Hesse-Palatinate (Hessen-Pfalz) province (also called
                             Saarland-Pfalz-Südhessen or Mittelrhein-Saar)‏.
15 Oct 1945                Hessen-Pfalz is dissolved; Rheinhessen district becomes part
                             Rheinland-Hessen-Nassau, the remaining part is now called
                             of upper-administrative district Pfalz.
 1 Dec 1946                Rheinland-Hessen-Nassau and Pfalz are merged into
                             Rheinland-Pfalz.

Oberregierungspräsidenten
10 May 1945 –  7 Jul 1945  Hermann Heimerich                  (b. 1885 – d. 1963)  SPD
 7 Jul 1945 –  2 Oct 1945  Hans Hoffmann                      (b. 1893 – d. 1952)  SPD
 2 Oct 1945 –  1 Dec 1946  Otto Eichenlaub                    (b. 1898 – d. 1954)  CDU

31 Jul 1945                French administration: Saargebiet = Territoire de la Sarre (also
                             in official use: Sarre [French]; Saarland [German, gradually
                             enters into official use after 8 Oct 1946])
                             (for Saar 1918-1945 see under Germany).
17 Dec 1947                Constituted as an autonomous state in economic union with France
                             (Saarland).
 1 Jan 1957                Incorporated into Federal Republic of Germany as a state.

Superior Delegate for the Military Government of Saarland
30 Aug 1945 -  7 Sep 1945  Gilbert Yves Édmond Grandval       (b. 1904 - d. 1981)  Mil
Governor of the Saar
 7 Sep 1945 - 10 Jan 1948  Gilbert Yves Édmond Grandval       (s.a.)               Mil
High Commissioner of the French Republic in the Saar
10 Jan 1948 -  1 Jan 1952  Gilbert Yves Édmond Grandval       (s.a.)
Chiefs of the Diplomatic Mission of the French Republic in the Saar 
 1 Jan 1952 -  8 Jul 1955  Gilbert Yves Édmond Grandval       (s.a.)
 8 Jul 1955 - 27 Oct 1956  Charles Marie Eric de Carbonnel    (b. 1910 - d. 1965)

President of the Government (Regierungspräsident)
 4 May 1945 -  8 Oct 1946  Hans Neureuter                     (b. 1901 - d. 1953)  Non-party
                             (in Saarbrücken only to 31 Jul 1945)
Chairman of the Administrative Commission
 8 Oct 1946 - 15 Dec 1947  Erwin Müller                       (b. 1906 - d. 1968)  Non-party
Minister-presidents
15 Dec 1947 - 29 Oct 1955  Johannes Hoffmann                  (b. 1890 - d. 1967)  CVP
29 Oct 1955 - 10 Jan 1956  Heinrich Welsch                    (b. 1888 - d. 1976)  Non-party
10 Jan 1956 -  4 Jun 1957  Hubert Ney                         (b. 1892 - d. 1984)  CDU
 4 Jun 1957 - 23 Apr 1959  Hans Egon Reinert                  (b. 1908 - d. 1959)  CDU
23 Apr 1959 - 26 Jun 1979  Franz Josef Röder                  (b. 1909 - d. 1979)  CDU
                             (acting to 30 Apr 1979)
26 Jun 1979 -  5 Jul 1979  Werner Klumpp (acting)             (b. 1928)            FDP
 5 Jul 1979 -  9 Apr 1985  Werner Zeyer                       (b. 1929 - d. 2000)  CDU
 9 Apr 1985 - 10 Nov 1998  Oskar Lafontaine                   (b. 1943)            SPD
10 Nov 1998 - 29 Sep 1999  Reinhard Klimmt                    (b. 1942)            SPD
29 Sep 1999 - 10 Aug 2011  Peter Aloysius Müller              (b. 1955)            CDU
10 Aug 2011 -  1 Mar 2018  Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer (f)     (b. 1962)            CDU
 1 Mar 2018 -              Tobias Hans                        (b. 1978)            CDU

23 Jul 1945                Province of Saxony-Anhalt (Provinz Sachsen-Anhalt) formed by merger
                             of the Prussian provinces of Magdeburg and Halle-Merseburg with
                             the State of Anhalt (Land Anhalt).
10 Jan 1947                State of Saxony-Anhalt (Land Sachsen-Anhalt).
 7 Oct 1949                Part of the German Democratic Republic.
23 Jul 1952                State dissolved into districts (Halle and Magdeburg).
 3 Oct 1990                Reconstituted as state of the Federal Republic of Germany
                             (State of Saxony-Anhalt).

First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party
21 Apr 1946 - 1952         Bernhard Koenen                    (b. 1889 - d. 1964)

Minister-presidents
20 Jul 1945 - 13 Aug 1949  Erhard Hübener                     (b. 1881 - d. 1952)  LDPD
13 Aug 1949 - 23 Jul 1952  Werner Bruschke                    (b. 1898 - d. 1995)  SED
 3 Oct 1990 - 28 Oct 1990  Karl-Hermann Steinberg             (b. 1941)            CDU
                             (Landesbevollmächtigter)
28 Oct 1990 -  4 Jul 1991  Gerd Gies                          (b. 1943)            CDU
 4 Jul 1991 -  2 Dec 1993  Werner Münch                       (b. 1940)            CDU
 2 Dec 1993 - 21 Jun 1994  Christoph Bergner                  (b. 1948)            CDU
21 Jun 1994 - 16 May 2002  Reinhard Höppner                   (b. 1948 - d. 2014)  SPD
16 May 2002 - 19 Apr 2011  Wolfgang Böhmer                    (b. 1936)            CDU
19 Apr 2011 -              Reiner Haseloff                    (b. 1954)            CDU

Chairmen of the State Ministry
13 Nov 1918 - 27 Mar 1919  Wilhelm Tells                      (b. 1871 - d. 1950)   FP
27 Mar 1919 -  1 May 1920  August Frölich                     (b. 1877 - d. 1966)   SPD

1918 - 1920

1918 - 1920  Regional Flag

 9 Nov 1918                Free State of Saxe Coburg (Freistaat Sachsen-Coburg).
14 Nov 1918                De facto separation of Gotha following the resignation of the Duke
                             of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (de jure from 12 Apr 1919).
10 Mar 1919                Free State of Coburg (Freistaat Coburg).
 1 Jul 1920                Part of Bavaria.

Chairmen of the State Council (from 10 Mar 1919, State Government)
 9 Nov 1918 - 11 Jul 1919  Karl Hermann Quarck                (b. 1873 - d. 1932)  NL
11 Jul 1919 -  1 Jul 1920  Franz Xaver Klinger                (b. 1875 - d. 1933)  SPD

 9 Nov 1918                Gotha Republic (Gothaer Republik), Duke is declared deposed by
                              Workers and Soldiers Council in Gotha.
14 Nov 1918                De facto separation of Gotha following the resignation of the Duke
                             of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (de jure from 12 Apr 1919).
24 Dec 1919                Republic of Gotha (Republik Gotha)
1920                       Free State of Saxe-Gotha (Freistaat Sachsen-Gotha)
 1 May 1920                Part of Thüringen.

Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Workers' and Soldiers Council
 9 Nov 1918 - 30 Nov 1918  Otto Geithner                      (b. 1876 - d. 1948)  USPD
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
30 Nov 1918 - 25 Mar 1919  Otto Geithner                      (s.a.)               USPD
Senior Minister of State
25 Mar 1919 -  1 May 1920  Otto Geithner                      (s.a.)               USPD
10 Apr 1920 - 30 May 1920  Albert Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm  (b. 1866 - d. 1945)
                             Holle (Reichskommissar)

12 Nov 1918                Free State of Saxe-Meiningen (Freistaat Sachsen-Meiningen).
 1 May 1920                Part of Thüringen.

Secret State Councillor (from Mar 1919, Leading minister)
12 Nov 1918 - 30 Apr 1920  Ludwig Freiherr von Türcke         (b. 1857 - d. 1933)  Non-party

 9 Nov 1918                Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Freistaat Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)
20 May 1919                Free People's State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
                             (Freie Volksstaat Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach).
 1 May 1920                Part of Thüringen.

State Commissioner
 8 Nov 1918 - 20 May 1919  August Baudert                    (b. 1860 - d. 1942)  SPD
                            (to 23 Dec 1918, Head of Soldiers' and Workers' Council)
Presiding Minister of State
20 May 1919 -  1 May 1920  Arnold Rudolf Paulssen            (b. 1864 - d. 1942)  DDP

16 Nov 1918                Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe (Freistaat Schaumburg-Lippe)
c.Jun 1946                 Incorporated into Hannover.

Minister of State
1898 -  4 Dec 1918         Friedrich Rudolf Ernst Freiherr    (b. 1858 -  d. 1942)
                             von Feilitzsch
Chairman of the State Council
 4 Dec 1918 - 14 Mar 1919  Heinrich Lorenz                    (b. 1870 - d. 1947)  SPD
State Councillors
14 Mar 1919 - 22 May 1922  Heinrich Friedrich Otto Bömers     (b. 1857 - d. 1931)  Non-party
22 May 1922 - 28 May 1925  Konrad Wippermann                  (b. 1858 - d. 1935)  Non-party
28 May 1925 -  7 Oct 1927  Erich Steinbrecher                 (b. 1882 - d. 19..)  SPD
 7 Oct 1927 -  7 Mar 1933  Heinrich Lorenz                    (s.a.)               SPD
 1 Apr 1933 - 23 May 1933  Hans Joachim Riecke                (b. 1899 - d. 1987)  NSDAP
State President
23 May 1933 - Mar 1945     Karl Heinrich Dreier               (b. 1898 - d. 1974)  NSDAP
16 May 1933 -  4 Apr 1945  Alfred Meyer                       (b. 1891 - d. 1945)  NSDAP
                            (Reichsstatthalter)
Minister
1945 - 30 Apr 1946         Heinrich Hermann Drake             (b. 1881 - d. 1970)  SPD

29 Aug 1948 - 18 Jan 1957

Adopted 18 Jan 1957

Capital: Kiel

State Anthem "Schleswig-Holstein meerumschlungen" (Schleswig-Holstein, Embraced by the Sea) (unofficial)

Population: 2,881,926 (2016)

23 Aug 1946                Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein becomes a state as
                             State of Schleswig-Holstein (Lander Schleswig-Holstein).
 7 Sep 1949                Part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Oberpräsidenten
14 May 1945 - 15 Nov 1945  Otto Hoevermann (acting)           (b. 1888 - d. 1953)  Non-party
15 Nov 1945 - 12 Sep 1946  Theodor Hans Steltzer              (b. 1885 - d. 1967)  CDU
Minister-presidents
12 Sep 1946 - 29 Apr 1947  Theodor Hans Steltzer              (s.a.)               CDU
29 Apr 1947 - 29 Aug 1949  Hermann Lüdemann                   (b. 1880 - d. 1959)  SPD
29 Aug 1949 -  5 Sep 1950  Bruno Diekmann                     (b. 1897 - d. 1982)  SPD
 5 Sep 1950 - 25 Jun 1951  Walter Bartram                     (b. 1893 - d. 1971)  CDU
25 Jun 1951 -  2 Oct 1954  Friedrich Wilhelm Lübke            (b. 1887 - d. 1954)  CDU
11 Oct 1954 - 14 Jan 1963  Kai-Uwe von Hassel                 (b. 1913 - d. 1997)  CDU
14 Jan 1963 - 24 May 1971  Helmut Lemke                       (b. 1907 - d. 1990)  CDU
24 May 1971 - 14 Oct 1982  Gerhard Stoltenberg                (b. 1928 - d. 2001)  CDU
14 Oct 1982 -  2 Oct 1987  Uwe Barschel                       (b. 1944 - d. 1987)  CDU
 2 Oct 1987 - 31 May 1988  Henning Schwarz (acting)           (b. 1928 - d. 1993)  CDU
31 May 1988 - 19 May 1993  Björn Engholm                      (b. 1939)            SPD
19 May 1993 - 27 Apr 2005  Heide Simonis (f)                  (b. 1943)            SPD
27 Apr 2005 - 12 Jun 2012  Peter Harry Carstensen             (b. 1947)            CDU
12 Jun 2012 - 28 Jun 2017  Torsten Albig                      (b. 1963)            SPD
28 Jun 2017 -              Daniel Günther                     (b. 1973)            CDU

23 Nov 1918                Free State of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Freistaat
                             Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt).
 1 May 1920                Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 
                             united as part of Thüringen.

People's Government Ministers
23 Nov 1918 - Mar 1919     Franz Ernst Wilhelm Karl Freiherr
                             von der Recke                   (b. 1854 - d. 1923)  Non-party 
                           + August Richard Werner                                Non-party
                           + Friedrich Wissmann              (b. 1865 - d. 1942)  Non-party
                           + Ernst Otto                                           SPD
                           + Emil Hartmann                   (b. 1868 - d. 1942)  SPD
                           + Auuust Albin Albert Scholl      (b. 1871 - d. 1931)  SPD
                           + Oskar Günther Wilhelm Hertel                         DDP
Leading Minister of State
Mar 1919 -  1 May 1920     Emil Hartmann                     (s.a.)               SPD

25 Nov 1918                Free State of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (Freistaat
                             Schwarzburg-Sondershausen).
 1 May 1920                Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 
                             united as part of Thüringen.

Leading Ministers of State
Nov 1918 - Mar 1919        Harald Bielfeld                   (b. 1863 - d. 1933)  DDP
Mar 1919 -  1 May 1920     Wilhelm Bärwinkel                 (b. 1880 - d. 1969)  USPD

7 Apr 1921 - 15 Sep 1935 Civil Flag, and 20 Dec 1945 - 23 Jul 1952	25 Apr 1922 - 15 Aug 1933 State Flag	15 Aug 1933 - 15 Sep 1935 State Flag
13 Aug 1945 - 23 Jul 1952 State Flag	3 Oct 1990 - 10 Jan 1991 Unofficial	Adopted 10 Jan 1991

14 Jul 1919                Council of State entrusted with the elaboration of a 
                             common constitution and with the provisional 
                             administration of the Union.
 4 Jan 1920                The treaty on formation of the Thüringian Community 
                             (Thüringer Gemeinschaft) signed.
 1 May 1920                Reuss, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen,
                             Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, and
                             Schwarzburg-Sondershausen united as Free State of Thuringia
                             (Freistaat Thüringen).
 8 Nov 1923 - 28 Feb 1924  Under martial law, administered by central government.
20 Dec 1946                State of Thuringia (Land Thüringen).
 7 Oct 1949                Part of the German Democratic Republic.
23 Jul 1952                State dissolved into districts (Suhl, Gera, and Erfurt).
 3 Oct 1990                Reconstituted as state of the Federal Republic of Germany
                             as the State of Thuringia (Land Thüringen).
23 Nov 1993                Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen).

First Secretaries of the Socialist Unity Party
21 Apr 1946 - 1947         Werner Karl Jakob Eggerath         (b. 1900 - d. 1977)
1947 - 1949                Erich Ernst Kops                   (b. 1905 - d. 1961)
1949 - 26 Jul 1952         Erich Mückenberger                 (b. 1910 - d. 1998)

Chairman of State Council
14 Jul 1919 - 30 Apr 1920  Arnold Rudolf Otto Paulssen        (b. 1864 - d. 1942)  DDP
                            (also Reichskommissar 22 Mar - 10 Apr 1920) 
Leading Ministers of State
 1 May 1920 - 11 Nov 1920  August Frölich (1st time)          (b. 1867 - d. 1964)  SPD
11 Nov 1920 -  6 Oct 1921  Arnold Rudolf Otto Paulssen        (s.a.)               DDP
 7 Oct 1921 - 21 Feb 1924  August Frölich (2nd time)          (s.a.)               SPD
                            (acting from 7 Dec 1923)
 8 Nov 1923 - 28 Feb 1924  Paul Hasse                         (b. 1864 - d. 1945)  Mil
                            (military administrator)
Minister-presidents
21 Feb 1924 -  6 Nov 1928  Richard Leutheusser                (b. 1867 - d. 1945)  DVP
 6 Nov 1928 - 13 Jan 1930  Arnold Rudolf Paulssen             (s.a.)               DDP
13 Jan 1930 - 26 Aug 1932  Erwin Baum                         (b. 1868 - d. 1950)  TLB
26 Aug 1932 -  8 May 1933  Fritz Sauckel                      (b. 1894 - d. 1946)  NSDAP
                            (also Reichsstatthalter 6 May 1933 - 12 Apr 1945)
 8 May 1933 - 12 Apr 1945  Wilhelm "Willy" E.K. Marschler     (b. 1893 - d. 1952)  NSDAP
12 Apr 1945 -  7 May 1945  Karl Müller (acting)
Leader of the State administration
 7 May 1945 -  9 Jun 1945  Hermann Louis Brill                (b. 1895 - d. 1959)  SPD
President of the Government
 9 Jun 1945 - 16 Jul 1945  Hermann Louis Brill                (s.a.)               SPD
Minister-presidents
16 Jul 1945 -  1 Sep 1947  Rudolf Paul                        (b. 1893 - d. 1978)  DemP;
                            (leader of the state administration to 4 Dec 1946)    Apr 1946: SED
 2 Sep 1947 - 23 Jul 1952  Werner Karl Jakob Eggerath         (s.a.)               SED
                            (acting to 8 Oct 1947)
 3 Oct 1990 -  5 Feb 1992  Josef Duchac                       (b. 1938)            CDU
                            (Landesbevollmächtigter to 8 Nov 1990)
 5 Feb 1992 -  5 Jun 2003  Bernhard Vogel                     (b. 1932)            CDU
 5 Jun 2003 - 30 Oct 2009  Dieter Althaus                     (b. 1958)            CDU
 1 Jan 2009 - 20 Apr 2009  Birgit Diezel (f)                  (b. 1958)            CDU
                             (acting for Althaus)
30 Oct 2009 -  5 Dec 2014  Christine Lieberknecht (f)         (b. 1958)            CDU
 5 Dec 2014 -              Bodo Ramelow                       (b. 1956)            Lft

State Directors
1914 -  1 Sep 1920         Karl Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm     (b. 1867 - d. 1940) 
                             von Redern
 1 Sep 1920 -  7 Feb 1929  Wilhelm Schmieding                 (b. 1878 - d. 1929)  DVP
25 Feb 1929 - 31 Mar 1929  Herbert Herberg                                         DVP

26 Oct 1939 - Feb 1945     Part of occupied Poland annexed to Germany (but not to Prussia)
                             as Reichsgau Posen. 
 2 Nov 1939                Renamed Wartheland.
May 1945                   Re-incorporated into Poland.

20 Feb 1922 - 30 Jan 1933

c.1946 - 25 Apr 1952 Unofficial