Ethnic groups:
Dutch 76.9%, other European 6.4%,
Turkish 2.4%, Moroccan
2.3%, Indonesian 2.1%,
Surinamese 2%, Polish 1%, other
4.8% (2018)
Total Armed
Forces: 35,410 (2018)
U.S. Forces: 425 (2023)
Merchant marine: 1,233 ships
(2018)
Religions:
Roman Catholic 23.6%, Protestant 14.9%
(includes
Dutch Reformed [NHK] 6.4%, Protestant
Church of The
Netherlands 5.6%, Calvinist 2.9%),
Muslim 5.1%, other 5.6%
(includes Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish),
none 50.7% (2017)
19 Jul
1425
Burgundian rule (within the Holy Roman
Empire). 23 Dec
1482
Under Habsburg rule (Austrian to 1556;
then
to Spanish branch). 16 Jan
1556
Part of the Spanish Netherlands (see Belgium). 7-10 Aug
1566
Anti-church icon riots soon spread
into a general
Protestant revolt against Spanish
rule.
4 Jul 1575
Union of Dordrecht, William of Orange
appointed as
Stadtholder of Holland and Holland and
Zeeland
agree to cooperate.
8 Nov
1576
Pacification of Ghent (Satisfaction of
Ghent) an
agreement concluded between the 17
regions of the
Spanish Netherlands (minus Luxembourg)
to unite
in a so-called General Union on the
basis of
religious freedom (ratified 5 Jan
1577).
9 Jan
1577
(First) Union of Brussels concluded by
members of
the
States General (except Luxembourg),
the
Council of State, and deputies of
Holland and
Zeeland, to force King of Spain to
accept the
Pacification of Ghent (signed by King
Philip II
on 6
Apr 1577), reconfirmed 10 Dec 1577 by
Second
(or
Further) Union of Brussels. 6 Jan
1579
Union of Arras (Atrecht) concluded
between the
Catholic territories of Southern
Netherlands
leaving the Union of Brussels by the
County of
Artois, County of Hainaut,
and Douai (Dowaai),
Lille, and Orchies (Oorschie) in
Walloon Flanders
(confirmed 17 May 1579). 23 Jan
1579
Union of Utrecht is formed by the
Protestant
territories in the Northern
Netherlands ("Treaty
of
the Union, eternal alliance and
confederation
made
in the town of Utrecht by the
countries and
their towns and members") by Holland,
Zeeland,
Utrecht, and the Ommelanden of
Groningen. Later,
Gelderland from Mar 1579, Overijssel
from Apr
1580, Drenthe from 1594 (early attempt
Apr 1580 -
1581), Friesland from Mar 1579,
Groningen city
from
23 Jul 1594, Antwerpen for Duchy of
Brabant
29
Jul 1579 - 17 Aug 1585, Ieper Jul 1579
- Apr
1584, Breda Jul 1579 - 1581, and Ghent
for the
County of Flanders 4 Feb 1579 - 17 Aug
1584). 26 Jul
1581
The Staten-Generaal (Estates-General,
usually
mistranslated States-General) becomes
the
supreme authority of the United
Netherlands;
from c.1648 in regular non-official
use
Republic of the United Netherlands or
Republic
of the United Provinces (Republiek
der Verenigde Nederlanden).
Formal declaration of
independence from Spain "Oath of
Abjuration"
(Plakkaat van Verlatinghe). 15 May
1648
Independence and sovereignty of the
confederal
United Netherlands recognized by Spain
and by the
Holy
Roman Empire by the Peace of Münster
(signed
15
Jan 1648) as part of the Peace of
Westphalia. 19 Mar 1702 - May 1747
Stadholderate vacant in
Holland, Zeeland and
Utrecht.
13 May
1747
Hereditability of the office of
stadholder in all
provinces enacted; style becomes
General
Hereditary Stadholder of the United
Netherlands 19 Jan 1795 - 13 Jul
1810 Occupied by France. 16 Feb
1795
Office of stadholder abolished by Staten-Generaal
now styled Algemene Staten
(General Estates). 1 Mar 1796
Batavian Republic (Bataafse
Republiek [in French: République
Batave])(in informal official
use from
19
Jan 1795; from 17 Oct 1801 also the
Batavian
Commonwealth [Bataafs
Gemenebest]). 29 Apr
1805
Batavian Commonwealth (Bataafs
Gemenebest). 9 Jun
1806
Kingdom of Holland (Koninkrijk
Holland)(proclaimed
in
Paris 5 Jun 1806). 24 Apr 1810 - 1813
Brabant (and Walcheren on 1 Feb)
annexed by France.
13 Jul 1810 - 20 Nov 1813
Annexed to France. 20 Nov
1813
United Netherlands (Verenigde
Nederlanden). 4 May
1814
Den Helder French garrison under
Admiral Carel
Hendrik Ver Huell, comte de Sevenaar
(b. 1765 -
d. 1845) surrenders to Dutch forces.
16 Mar
1815
Kingdom of the Netherlands (Koninkrijk
der Nederlanden)(includes
Belgium to 4 Oct 1830). 16 Mar 1815 - 23 Nov
1890 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
in personal union with
The
Netherlands.
19 Apr
1839
Netherlands recognizes independence of
Belgium by
Treaty of London (ratified 8 Jun
1839).
19 Apr 1839 - 11 May 1867 Duchy
of Limburg a
(nominally) separate polity in
personal union with The
Netherlands. 10 May 1940 - 5 May
1945 Occupied by Germany (Reichskomissariat
Niederlanden). 1 Jan
1948
Part of the Benelux Union
(Belgium-Netherlands-
Luxembourg)(signed 5 Sep 1944). 23 Apr 1949 - 11 Aug 1963
Annexation of certain German border
areas to
The Netherlands (see under Germany). 1 Nov 1993
Part of European
Union (1958-1993 European
Community).
Governor and Captain-General
25 Jan 1586 - 17 Dec 1587 Robert Dudley, Earl of
Leicester (b. 1532 - d.
1588) Captains-General and Admirals of the United
Netherlands (Stadholders of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht
provinces)
1587 - 23 Apr 1625 Mauritz
prins van Oranje
(b. 1567 - d. 1625) graaf van Nassau
23 Apr 1625 - 14 Mar 1647 Frederick Hendrick prins
van (b. 1584 - d.
1647) Oranje graaf van
Nassau
14 Mar 1647 - 6 Nov 1650 Wilhem prins
van Oranje, graaf
(b. 1626 - d. 1650)
van
Nassau
6 Nov 1650 - 9 Jul 1672 Vacant (authority
reverted to the Estates-General)
9 Jul 1672 - 19 Mar 1702 Wilhem Hendrick prins
van Oranje (b. 1650 -
d. 1702)
en Nassau
19 Mar 1702 - 13 May 1747 Vacant(authority
reverted to the Estates-General)
General Hereditary Stadtholders (Erfstadhouders-Generaal),
Captains-General
and Admirals of the United Netherlands 13 May 1747¹- 22 Oct 1751 Willem IV Karel
Hendrik Friso, (b. 1711 - d.
1751) prins
van Oranje en Nassau 22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795 Willem V
Batavus prins van
(b. 1748 - d. 1806)
Oranje en Nassau
(in exile from 18 Jan 1795; rule interrupted
in parts of the Netherlands Jun 1785 - Sep 1787) 22 Oct 1751 - 12 Jan 1759 Anna
van Brunswyk-
(b. 1709 - d. 1759)
Lunenburg (f) -Regent 12 Jan 1759 - 9 Apr 1765 Maria
Louisa von Hessen-(b. 1688 - d.
1765) Cassel (f) -Regent
12 Jan 1759 - 8 Mar 1766 Ludwig Ernst von
Braunschweig- (b. 1718 - d.
1788)
Wolfenbüttel -Regent 9 Apr 1765 - 8 Mar 1766
Wilhelmina Carolina d'Orange van (b.
1743 - d. 1787) Nassau (f) -Regent Presidents of the
Staten-Generaal (General Estates)
18 Jan 1795 - 25 Jan 1795 François Pierre
Guillaume van (b. 1767 -
d. 1818)
Schuylenburgh
25 Jan 1795 - 1 Feb 1795 ....
1 Feb 1795 - 8 Feb 1795 ....
8 Feb 1795 - 15 Feb 1795 Cornelis Taaij (Taay)
(b. 1753 - d.
1808)
15 Feb 1795 - 22 Feb 1795 Jacob George Hieronymus
Hahn (b. 1761 - d. 1822)
Uni
(1st
time)
22 Feb 1795 - 1 Mar 1795 Jacob Verheije van
Citters (b. 1753 - d.
1823)
1 Mar 1795 - 8 Mar 1795 Paulus Hubert
Adriaan Jan Strick (b. 1769 - d. 1819)
van Linschoten
8 Mar 1795 - 15 Mar 1795 Johannes Lambertus
Huber (1st time)(b. 1750 - d. 1826) Fed
15 Mar 1795 - 22 Mar 1795 Gerrit David Jordens
(1st time) (b. 1734 - d. 1803)
Fed
22 Mar 1795 - 29 Mar 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter
(1st time) (b. 1748 - d. 1814) Fed
29 Mar 1795 - 5 Apr 1795 Gerrit Willem ridder
van Zuylen (b. 1756 - d. 1814)
Pat
van Nievelt
5 Apr 1795 - 12 Apr 1795 Jacob George
Hieronymus Hahn (s.a.)
Uni
(2nd
time)
12 Apr 1795 - 19 Apr 1795 Bonifacius Matthias Pous
(1st time)(b. 1744 - d. 1797)
19 Apr 1795 - 26 Apr 1795 Pieter Pijpers
(Pÿpers)(1st time) (b. 1749 - d. 1805)
Pat
26 Apr 1795 - 3 May 1795 Johannes Lambertus
Huber (2nd time)(s.a.)
Fed
3 May 1795 - 10 May 1795 Gerrit David
Jordens (2nd time) (s.a.)
Fed
10 May 1795 - 17 May 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Fed
17 May 1795 - 24 May 1795 Carel Gerard
Hultman
(b. 1752 - d. 1820)
Mod
24 May 1795 - 31 May 1795 Jacob George Hieronymus
Hahn (s.a.)
Uni
(3rd
time)
31 May 1795 - 7 Jun 1795 Bonifacius Matthias
Pous (2nd time)(s.a.)
7 Jun 1795 - 14 Jun 1795 Pieter Pijpers
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Pat
14 Jun 1795 - 21 Jun 1795 Johannes Lambertus Huber
(3rd time)(s.a.)
Fed
21 Jun 1795 - 28 Jun 1795 Hendrik Knijpinga
Cramer
(b. 1754 - d. 1815)
28 Jun 1795 - 5 Jul 1795 Jacobus van der
Steege (1st time) (b. 1746 - d. 1811)
5 Jul 1795 - 12 Jul 1795 Herman Jacob
Dyckmeester (1st time)(b. 1771 - d. 1850)
12 Jul 1795 - 19 Jul 1795 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (b. 1752 -
d. 1812) Uni
(1st
time)
19 Jul 1795 - 26 Jul 1795 Bonifacius Matthias Pous
(3rd time)(s.a.)
26 Jul 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Pieter Pijpers (3rd
time) (s.a.)
Pat
2 Aug 1795 - 9 Aug 1795 Johannes
Lambertus Huber (4th time)(s.a.)
Fed
9 Aug 1795 - 16 Aug 1795 Johan Antony Zwier
van Ysselmuyden (b. 1760 - d.
1810)
tot Paeslo (1st time)
16 Aug 1795 - 23 Aug 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter
(3rd time) (s.a.)
Fed
23 Aug 1795 - 30 Aug 1795 Jan Willem Hendrik
Conrady (b.
1768 - d. 1844)
30 Aug 1795 - 6 Sep 1795 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (s.a.)
Uni
(2nd
time)
6 Sep 1795 - 13 Sep 1795 Bonifacius Matthias
Pous (4th time)(s.a.)
13 Sep 1795 - 20 Sep 1795 Pieter Pijpers (4th
time) (s.a.)
20 Sep 1795 - 27 Sep 1795 Thomas
Philippus Joha (1st time) (b. 1750 - d.
1812)
27 Sep 1795 - 4 Oct 1795 Lambert Christiaan
Hendrik
Strubberg
4 Oct 1795 - 11 Oct 1795 Albert Johan de
Sitter (4th time) (s.a.)
11 Oct 1795 - 18 Oct 1795 Herman Jacob Dyckmeester
(2nd time)(s.a.)
18 Oct 1795 - 25 Oct 1795 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (s.a.)
Uni
(3rd time)
25 Oct 1795 - 1 Nov 1795 Joan van
Kuffeler
(b.
1755 - d. 1811)
1 Nov 1795 - 7 Nov 1795 Pieter Pijpers
(5th time) (s.a.)
Pat
8 Nov 1795 - 14 Nov 1795 Johannes Lambertus
Huber (5th time)(s.a.)
Fed
15 Nov 1795 - 21 Nov 1795 Gerrit David Jordens
(3rd time) (s.a.)
Fed
22 Nov 1795 - 28 Nov 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter
(5th time) (s.a.)
Fed
29 Nov 1795 - 5 Dec 1795 Herman Jacob
Dyckmeester (3rd time)(s.a.)
6 Dec 1795 - 12 Dec 1795 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (s.a.)
Uni
(4th
time)
13 Dec 1795 - 19 Dec 1795 Nicolaas Cornelis
Lambrechtsen (b. 1752 - d.
1823)
20 Dec 1795 - 26 Dec 1795 Pieter Pijpers
(6th time)
(s.a.)
Pat
27 Dec 1795 - 2 Jan 1796 Thomas Philippus
Joha (2nd time) (s.a.)
Fed
3 Jan 1796 - 9 Jan 1796 Johan Antony
Zwier van Ysselmuyden (s.a.)
tot Paeslo (2nd time)
10 Jan 1796 - 16 Jan 1796 Jacobus van der Steege
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Jan 1796 - 23 Jan 1796 Augustinus
Geukama
(b. 1732 -
d. 1801)
24 Jan 1796 - 2 Feb 1796 Ludovicus Timon de
Kempenaar (s.a.)
Uni
(5th
time)
3 Feb 1796 - 6 Feb 1796 Adriaan
François Lammens
(b. 1767 - d. 1847)
7 Feb 1796 - 13 Feb 1796 Pieter Pijpers (7th
time)
(s.a.)
Pat
14 Feb 1796 - 20 Feb 1796 Johannes Lambertus Huber
(5th time)(s.a.)
Fed
21 Feb 1796 - 27 Feb 1796 Gerard Willem van
Marle
(b. 1752 - d.
1799) Fed
28 Feb 1796 - 29 Feb 1796 Jacobus van der Steege
(3rd time) (s.a.) Presidents of the Nationale
Vergadering(National Assembly)
(often styled National Convention, in imitation of
French parallel) 1 Mar 1796 - 17 Mar 1796 Pieter
Paulus
(b. 1754 - d. 1796) Mod 7 Mar 1796 - 2 Apr 1796
Pieter Leonard van de Kasteele (b.
1748 - d. 1810) Rad
(acting for Paulus to 18 Mar 1796)
(1st time) 2 Apr 1796 - 16 Apr 1796 Albert
Johan de
Sitter
(s.a.)
Fed 17 Apr 1796 - 30 Apr 1796 Jan Bernd
Bicker (1st
time) (b. 1746
- d. 1812) Fed 1 May 1796 - 14 May 1796 Daniël
Cornelis de
Leeuw
(b. 1747 - d. 1834) Uni 15 May 1796 - 28 May 1796 Rutger Jan
Schimmelpenninck heer (b. 1761 - d. 1825)
Mod
van Nijenhuis, Peckedam en
Gallicum
(1st time) 29 May 1796 - 11 Jun 1796 Joan Arend de
Vos van Steenwijk, (b. 1746 - d. 1813)
heer van
Nijerwal, Oldenhof,
Welland
en Serooskerke 12 Jun 1796 - 25 Jun 1796 Jacob George
Hieronymus Hahn
(s.a.)
Uni 26 Jun 1796 - 9 Jul 1796 Paulus
Hartog
(b. 1735 - d. 1805) Mod 10 Jul 1796 - 23 Jul 1796 Willem Aernout
de Beveren
(b. 1749 - d. 1820) Fed 25 Jul 1796 - 6 Aug 1796 Ludovicus
Timon de Kempenaer
(s.a.)
Uni 7 Aug 1796 - 20 Aug 1796 Jan Pieter
van
Wickevoort
(b. 1763 - d. 1837) Uni
Crommelin 21 Aug 1796 - 3 Sep 1796 Paulus
Emmanuel Anthony de la (b.
1760 - d. 1848) Uni
Court 4 Sep 1796 - 17 Sep 1796 Jacob Jan
Cambier
(b. 1756 - d. 1831) Mod 18 Sep 1796 - 1 Oct 1796 Jacobus
Kantelaar
(b. 1759 - d. 1821) Fed 2 Oct 1796 - 15 Oct 1796 Tammo
Adriaan ten
Berge
(b. 1756 - d. 1830) Fed 16 Oct 1796 - 29 Oct 1796 Bernardus
Blok
(b. 1756 - d. 1818) Uni 30 Oct 1796 - 12 Nov 1796 Gerrit David
Jordens
(s.a.)
Fed 13 Nov 1796 - 26 Nov 1796 Abraham
Gijsbertus
Verster
(b. 1751 - d. 1841) Fed 27 Nov 1796 - 10 Dec 1796 Ijsbrand van
Hamelsveld
(b. 1743 - d. 1812) Dem 11 Dec 1796 - 24 Dec 1796 Cornelis van
Lennep
(b. 1751 - d. 1813) Mod 25 Dec 1796 - 7 Jan 1797 Jan
Hendrik
Stoffenberg
(b. 1749 - d. 1838) Fed 8 Jan 1797 - 21 Jan 1797 Lambert
Engelbert van
Eck
(b. 1754 - d. 1803) Mod 22 Jan 1797 - 4 Feb 1797 Willem
Queysen
(b. 1754 - d. 1817) Fed 5 Feb 1797 - 18 Feb 1797 Carel de
Vos van Steenwijk heer (b. 1759 - d. 1830)
Fed
van
Dikninge en de Hogenhof 19 Feb 1797 - 4 Mar 1797 Hendrik van
Castrop
(b. 1736 - d. 1806) Mod 5 Mar 1797 - 18 Mar 1797 Meinardus
Siderius
(b. 1754 - d. 1829) Fed 19 Mar 1797 - 1 Apr 1797 Cornelis
Wilhelmus de
Rhoer (b. 1751
- d. 1821) Fed 2 Apr 1797 - 15 Apr 1797 Jan
Couperus
(b. 1755 - d. 1833) Uni 16 Apr 1797 - 29 Apr 1797 Jacob Abraham
de
Mist
(b. 1749 - d. 1823) Fed 30 Apr 1797 - 13 May 1797 Jan Bernd
Bicker (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Fed 14 May 1797 - 27 May 1797 Rutger Jan
Schimmelpenninck heer (s.a.)
Mod
van Nijenhuis, Peckedam en
Gellicum
(2nd time) 28 May 1797 - 10 Jun 1797 Gerard Willem
van
Marle
(s.a.)
Fed 14 Jun 1797 - 27 Jun 1797 Herman Hendricus
Vitringa
(b. 1757 - d. 1801) Fed 25 Jun 1797 - 8 Jul 1797 Johan
Herman de Lange
(b. 1759 - d. 1818) Fed 9 Jul 1797 - 22 Jul 1797 Ambrosius
Justus
Zubli
(b. 1751 - d. 1820) Mod 23 Jul 1797 - 5 Aug 1797 Willem
Hendrik Teding van Berkhout (b. 1745 - d.
1809) Mod
heer van Noord-Scharwoude 6 Aug 1797 - 19 Aug 1797 Scato
Trip
(b. 1742 - d. 1822) Fed 20 Aug 1797 - 31 Aug 1797 Pieter Leonard
van de Kasteele (s.a.)
Mod
(2nd time) 1 Sep 1797 - 16 Sep 1797 Jan David
Pasteur
(b. 1753 - d. 1804) Uni 17 Sep 1797 - 30 Sep 1797 Adrianus Ploos
van
Amstel
(b. 1749 - d. 1816) Uni 1 Oct 1797 - 14 Oct 1797 Joachim
Nuhout van der
Veen (b. 1756
- d. 1833) Uni 15 Oct 1797 - 28 Oct 1797 Hugo
Gevers
(b. 1765 - d. 1852) Mod 29 Oct 1797 - 11 Nov 1797 Jacob van
Manen
(b. 1752 - d. 1822) Uni 12 Nov 1797 - 25 Nov 1797 Pieter
Vreede
(b. 1750 - d. 1837) Rad 26 Nov 1797 - 9 Dec 1797 Stefanus
Jacobus van
Langen (b.
1758 - d. 1847) Uni 10 Dec 1797 - 23 Dec 1797 Jacobus
Blaauw
(b. 1756 - d. 1829) Dem 24 Dec 1797 - 6 Jan 1798 Joan
Bernard
Auffmorth
(b. 1744 - d. 1831) Uni 7 Jan 1798 - 20 Jan 1798 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus van (b. 1755 - d. 1816)
Uni
Hooff 21 Jan 1798 - 22 Jan 1798 Johannes
Henricus
Midderigh (b.
1753 - d. 1800) Rad President of theConstituerende
Vergadering(Constituent
Assembly)
22 Jan 1798 - 25 Jan 1798 Johannes Henricus
Midderigh
(s.a.)
Rad Presidents of the Uitvoerend Bewind
(literally: Executive Authority; usually translated as Executive Directory, in imitation of French
parallel)(provisional to 20 May 1798) 25 Jan 1798 - 28 Feb 1798 Pieter
Vreede
(s.a.)
Rad 1 Mar 1798 - 31 Mar 1798 Wybo
Fijnje (Fynje)
(b. 1754
- d. 1796) Rad 2 Apr 1798 - 30 Apr 1798 Stefanus
Jacobus van
Langen (s.a.)
Uni 1 May 1798 - 31 May 1798 Berend
Wildrik
(b. 1754 - d. 1831) Uni 1 Jun 1798 - 12 Jun 1798 Johan
Pieter
Fokker
(b. 1751 - d. 1831) Uni Presidents of the Intermediair
Uitvoerend Bewind(Interim Executive
Authority) 12 Jun 1798 - 14 Jun 1798 Intermediair
Bestuur (Interim Administration)
- Jacobus Spoors
(b. 1751 - d.
1833)
- Gerrit Jan Pijman (Pyman)
(b. 1750 - d.
1839)
- Isaäk Jan Alexander
Gogel (b.
1765 - d. 1821) Uni
- Reinier Willem
Tadama
(b. 1771 - d. 1812) Uni
- Abraham Jacques La Pierre
(b. 1750 - d. 1837) Mod 14 Jun 1798 - 20 Jun 1798 Jacobus Spoors (1st
time)
(s.a.) 21 Jun 1798 - 27 Jun
1798 Gerrit Jan Pijman (Pyman)(1st
time)(s.a.) 28 Jun 1798 - 4 Jul 1798 Isaäk Jan
Alexander Gogel (s.a.)
Uni
(1st time) 4 Jul 1798 - 11 Jul 1798 Reinier
Willem Tadama (1st time) (s.a.)
Uni 12 Jul 1798 - 18 Jul 1798 Abraham Jacques
La Pierre
(s.a.)
Mod
(1st time) 19 Jul 1798 - 25 Jul
1798 Jacobus Spoors (2nd time)
(s.a.) 26 Jul 1798 - 31
Jul 1798 Gerrit Jan Pijman (Pyman)(2nd
time)(s.a.) 1 Aug 1798 - 7 Aug
1798 Isaäk Jan Alexander
Gogel
(s.a.)
Uni
(2nd time) 8 Aug 1798 - 14 Aug
1798 Reinier Willem Tadama (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Uni 14 Aug 1798 - 17 Aug
1798 Abraham Jacques La Pierre
(s.a.)
Mod
(2nd
time)
Presidents of the Uitvoerend Bewind
(literally: Executive Authority; usually translated as Executive Directory, in imitation of
French parallel) 17 Aug 1798 - 16 Sep 1798 Albert Willem Hoeth
(1st time) (b. 1758 - d.
1827) Mod 17 Sep 1798 - 16 Oct 1798 Johannes Willem
van Hasselt
(b. 1752 - d. 1833)
(1st
time)
17 Oct 1798 - 16 Nov 1798 François
Ermerins (1st time)
(b. 1753 - d. 1840) 17 Nov 1798 - 16 Dec 1798 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert (b. 1756
- d. 1830) Fed
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(1st
time)
17 Dec 1798 - 16 Jan 1799 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus
(s.a.)
Uni
van Hooff (1st
time) 17 Jan 1799 - 16 Feb 1799 Albert Willem
Hoeth (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mod 17 Feb 1799 - 16 Mar 1799 Johannes Willem
van Hasselt
(s.a.)
(2nd
time)
17 Mar 1799 - 16 Apr 1799 François
Ermerins (2nd time)
(s.a.)
17 Apr 1799 - 16 May 1799 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(2nd
time)
17 May 1799 - 16 Jun 1799 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus
(s.a.)
Uni
van Hooff (2nd time) 17 Jun 1799 - 16 Jul 1799 Albert Willem
Hoeth (3rd time) (s.a.)
Mod 17 Jul 1799 - 16 Aug 1799 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier (Bezier) (b. 1758 - d.
1829)
(1st
time)
17 Aug 1799 - 16 Sep 1799 François
Ermerins (3rd time)
(s.a.)
17 Sep 1799 - 16 Oct 1799 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(3rd
time)
17 Oct 1799 - 16 Nov 1799 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus
(s.a.)
Uni
van Hooff (3rd time) 17 Nov 1799 - 16 Dec 1799 Albert Willem
Hoeth (4th time) (s.a.)
Mod 17 Dec 1799 - 16 Jan 1800 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier
(s.a.)
(2nd
time) 17 Jan 1800 - 16 Feb 1800 François
Ermerins (4th time)
(s.a.)
17 Feb 1800 - 16 Mar 1800 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(4th time) 17 Mar 1800 - 16 Apr 1800 Joannes
Franciscus Rudolphus
(s.a.)
Uni
van Hooff (4th time) 17 Apr 1800 - 16 May 1800 Albert Willem
Hoeth (5th time) (s.a.)
Mod 17 May 1800 - 16 Jun 1800 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier(s.a.)
(3rd
time)
17 Jun 1800 - 16 Jul 1800 François
Ermerins (5th time)
(s.a.)
17 Jul 1800 - 16 Aug 1800 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(5th
time)
17 Aug 1800 - 16 Sep 1800 Jan Hendrik van
Swinden (1st time) (b. 1746 - d. 1823) 17 Sep 1800 - 16 Oct 1800 Albert Willem
Hoeth (6th time) (s.a.)
Mod 17 Oct 1800 - 16 Nov 1800 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier(s.a.)
(4th
time) 17 Nov 1800 - 16 Dec 1800 François
Ermerins (6th time)
(s.a.)
17 Dec 1800 - 16 Jan 1801 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(6th time) 17 Jan 1801 - 16 Feb 1801 Jan Hendrik van
Swinden (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Feb 1801 - 16 Mar 1801 Albert Willem
Hoeth (7th time) (s.a.)
Mod 17 Mar 1801 - 16 Apr 1801 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
(5th time) 17 Apr 1801 - 16 May 1801 François
Ermerins (7th time)
(s.a.)
17 May 1801 - 16 Jun 1801 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(7th
time)
17 Jun 1801 - 16 Jul 1801 Jan Hendrik van
Swinden (3rd time) (s.a.)
17 Jul 1801 - 16 Aug 1801 Gerrit Jan
Pijman
(s.a.)
17 Aug 1801 - 16 Sep 1801 Augustijn
Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
(6th time) 17 Sep 1801 - 18 Sep 1801 François
Ermerins (8th time)
(s.a.)
18 Sep 1801 - 19 Sep 1801
Augustijn Gerhard Besier
(s.a.)
(7th time) 19 Sep 1801 - 17 Oct 1801 Anthony Frederik
Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(8th
time)
Presidents of the Staatsbewind
(literally: State Authority, usually translated as State Council) 17 Oct 1801 - 31 Jan 1802 Willem Aernout
de
Beveren
(s.a.)
Fed
(1st time) 1 Feb 1802 - 30 Apr 1802
Egbert van Burmania Rengers
(b. 1745 - d. 1806) Org 1 May 1802 - 31 Jul 1802 Samuel van
Hoogstraten heer van (b. 1756 - d. 1830)
Mod
Heicup,
Boeicup, Woubrugge, Sint
Jacobswoude en Rodenburg 1 Aug 1802 - 31 Oct 1802 Gerrit Jan
Pijman
(s.a.)
1 Nov 1802 - 31 Jan 1803 Johannes
Baptista
Verheyen
(b. 1746 - d. 1814) 1 Feb 1803 - 30 Apr 1803 Jacobus
Spoors
(s.a.) 1 May 1803 - 31 Jul 1803 Campegius
Hermanus Gockinga (b.
1748 - d. 1823) Mod 1 Aug 1803 - 31 Oct 1803 Daniël
Cornelis de
Leeuw
(s.a.)
Uni 1 Nov 1803 - 31 Jan 1804 Augustijn
Gerhard
Besier
(s.a.)
1 Feb 1804 - 30 Apr 1804 Anthony
Frederik Robbert Evert
(s.a.)
Fed
van Haersolte heer van Staverden 1 May 1804 - 31 Jul 1804 Gerard
Brantsen
(b. 1734 - d. 1809) Org 1 Aug 1804 - 31 Oct 1804 Willem
Queysen
(s.a.)
Fed 1 Nov 1804 - 31 Jan 1805 Willem
Aernout de
Beveren
(s.a.)
Fed
(2nd time) 1 Feb 1805 - 29 Apr 1805 Jan Bernd
Bicker
(s.a.)
Fed Pensionaries of the Council (Raadpensionaris,
usually translated Grand Pensionaries) 29 Apr 1805 - 5 Jun 1806 Rutger Jan
Schimmelpenninck heer (s.a.)
Mod
van Nijenhuis, Peckedam en
Gallicum
5 Jun 1806 - 9 Jun 1806 Carel de Vos
van Steenwijk heer (s.a.)
Fed
van Dikninge en de Hogenhof
(acting) Kings² 9 Jun 1806 - 1 Jul 1810 Lodewijk I
Napoleon
(b. 1778 - d. 1846)
(= Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) 1 Jul 1810 - 13 Jul 1810 Napoleon
Lodewijk
II
(b. 1804 - d. 1831)
(= Napoléon Louis Bonaparte) 3 Jul 1810 - 13 Jul 1810
Paulus Jacobsz. van der
(b. 1753 - d. 1823) Heim -Regent
([acting for absent Queen Hortense]
president
of provisional council of regency)
Governor-general 13 Jul 1810 - 20 Nov 1813
Charles-François Lebrun, duc de (b.
1739 - d. 1824)
Plaisance
(Lieutenant-general to 31 Dec 1810) Sovereign Prince² 20 Nov 1813 - 6 Dec 1813 General
Executive of the United Netherlands ["in
the name of the Prince of Oranje-Nassau"]
- Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp (b.
1762 - d. 1834) Org
- Adam François Jules Armand van (b. 1771 - d.
1848) Org
der Duyn, vrijheer van 's
Gravenmoer, heer van Maasdam,
Benthorn
en Hinkelenoord 2 Dec 1813 - 16 Mar 1815 Willem
(VI)
Frederik
(b. 1772 - d. 1848) Kings²(also Grand dukes of Luxembourg) 16 Mar 1815 - 7 Oct 1840 Willem I
(s.a.)
7 Oct 1840 - 17 Mar 1849 Willem
II
(b. 1792 - d. 1849)
17 Mar 1849 - 23 Nov 1890 Willem
III
(b. 1817 - d. 1890) Queen² 23 Nov 1890 - 13 May 1940 Wilhelmina (1st time)
(b. 1880 - d. 1962)
(13 May 1940 - 13 Mar 1945 in London exile) 23 Nov 1890 - 31 Aug 1898 Emma,
Koningin-Weduwe (f) -Regent (b. 1858 - d.
1934)
(= Adelheid Emma Wilhelmina Theresia, prinses van
Waldeck en Pyrmont) 13 May 1940 - 15 May 1940 Henri Gerard
Winkelman
(b. 1876 - d. 1952) Mil
(commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy;
Supreme Authority in The Netherlands) German Military Governors 15 May 1940 - 16 May 1940 Moritz Albrecht
Franz Friedrich (b. 1880 - d.
1945) Mil
Fedor von Bock 16 May 1940 - 29 May 1940 Alexander Ernst
Alfred Hermann (b. 1878 - d.
1966) Mil
Freiherr
von Falkenhausen
(military governor of Netherlands and Belgium) Reichskommissar für die besetzten niederländischen
Gebiete (Rijkscommissaris voor het bezette
Nederlandsche gebied.
[Reich Commissioner for the Occupied Dutch Regions]) 29 May 1940 - 7 May 1945 Arthur von
Seyss-Inquart
(b. 1892 - d. 1946) NSDAP (appointed 18 May 1940, arrived The Hague 25 May
1940)
Queens² 5 May 1945 - 4 Sep 1948 Wilhelmina
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
14 Oct 1947 - 1 Dec 1947 Juliana prinses der
(b. 1909 - d. 2004) Nederlanden (f) -Regent
(1st time) 14 May 1948 - 30 Aug
1948 Juliana prinses
der
(s.a.)
Nederlanden (f) -Regent (2nd time) 4 Sep 1948 - 30 Apr
1980
Juliana
(s.a.) 30 Apr 1980 - 30 Apr
2013
Beatrix
(b. 1938) King²
30 Apr 2013
-
Willem-Alexander
(b. 1967)
Secretaries of the Council of State (Raad van
State)³
1584 - 8 Jan 1624
Christiaan Huygens
(b.
1551 - d. 1624)
9 Jan 1624 - 24 Sep 1642 Maurits
Huygens
(b. 1595 - d.
1642)
10 Oct 1642 - 3 Mar 1664 Johan
Eyckberch
(d. 1664)
7 May 1664 - 3 Jul 1690 Govert van
Slingelandt
(b. 1620 - d. 1690)
4 Aug 1690 - 26 Oct 1725 Simon van
Slingelandt
(b. 1664 - d. 1736)
27 Oct 1725 - 3 Apr 1737 Nicolaas ten
Hove
(b. 1693 - d. 1738)
4 Apr 1737 - 1 Feb 1748 Adriaan van
der Hoop
(b. 1701 - d. 1767)
2 Feb 1748 - 20 Aug 1753 Johannes
Hop
(b. 1709 - d. 1772)
21 Aug 1753 - 22 Feb 1764 David van
Royen
(b. 1699 - d. 1764)
2 Mar 1764 - 4 Apr 1769 Paulus Abraham
Gillis
(b. 1708 - d. 1792)
10 Apr 1769 - 21 Apr 1785 Johannes Ignatius van
Hees (b. 1732 - d.
1786)
22 Apr 1785 - 4 Mar 1795 Johan Hendrik
Mollerus
(b. 1750 - d. 1834)
Secretary of the Committee of General Affairs³
7 Mar 1795 - 16 Feb 1798 Boudewijn Donker
Curtius (b.
1746 - d. 1832)
State Secretary 22 Oct 1798 - 21 Mar 1801 Carel
Gerard Jan Hultman
(b. 1752 - d. 1820) Mod
(1st time)
21 Mar 1801 - 17 Oct 1801 Vacant
17 Oct 1801 - 29 Apr 1805 Carel Gerard
Jan Hultman (s.a.)
Mod
(2nd time)
General Secretaries of State (and from 19 Jun 1806,
Secretaries of the Cabinet)
29 Apr 1805 - 30 Jun 1806 Carel Gerard Jan Hultman
(s.a.)
Mod
(acting from 19 Jun 1806)
30 Jun 1806 - 8 Jan 1808 Willem Frederik
Roëll
(b. 1767 - d. 1835) Org Chief ministers(presidents of
the Council of Ministers)
1809 - 8 Mar 1810
Paulus van der
Heim
(s.a.)
8 Mar 1810 - 31 Dec 1810 Jacob Jan
Cambier
(s.a.)
Mod Secretaries of State 31 Dec 1813 - 19 Mar 1818 Anton Reinhard
Falck
(b. 1777 - d. 1843) Con 19 Mar 1819 - 12 Nov 1835
Jean Gijsberto de Mey
van
(b. 1782 - d. 1841) Con
Streefkerk (from 16 Jun 1826,
Jean Gijsberto baron de Mey
van Streefkerk)
(acting to 28 Dec 1822)
16 Aug 1820 - 15 Nov 1820 Steven Dassevael
(b. 1771 - d. 1838) Con
(acting for Streefkerk) 12 Nov 1835 - 1 Dec 1836 Gerrit
graaf Schimmelpenninck (b.
1794 - d. 1863) Con 1 Dec 1836 - 31 Dec 1840 Hendrik
Jacob baron van Doorn (b. 1786 - d.
1853) Con
van Westcapelle
(acting for Schimmelpenninck
22 Sep - 1 Dec 1836) Vice-Presidents of the Council of State and
Presidents of the Council of Ministers 6 Apr 1814 - 7 Nov 1816 Gijsbert
KarelvanHogendorp
(b. 1762 - d. 1834)
Con
Hogendorp (from 28 Aug 1814,
Jonkheer
Gijsbert Karelvan Hogendorp;
from 20
Sep 1815, Gijsbert Karel
graaf van
Hogendorp)
7 Nov 1816 - 1 Jul 1829 Johan Hendrik
Mollerus
(b. 1750 - d. 1834) Con
(from 24 Nov 1816, JonkheerJohan
Hendrik Mollerus; from 21 Dec
1820, Johan
Hendrik baron Mollerus)
(acting
to 10 Feb 1817)
1 Jul 1829 - 7 Oct 1840 Willem van
Nassau, prins van (s.a.)
Non-party Oranje-Nassau
(= Willem II)
7 Oct 1840 - 31 Dec 1840 Jonkheer
Jan Elias Nicolaas van (b. 1766 -
d. 1841) Con
Lynden (acting) 1 Jan 1841 - 26 Mar 1848 Hendrik
Jacob baron van Doorn (s.a.)
Con
van Westcapelle Prime ministers (until 23 May 1945, Chairman of the
Council of Ministers;
then Minister-President) 26 Mar 1848 - 17 May 1848 Gerrit graaf
Schmmelpenninck
(s.a.)
Lib 17 May 1848 - 4 Jun 1849 Dirk
Donker Curtius
(b. 1792 - d. 1863) Lib 4 Jun 1849 - 1 Nov 1849 Jacob
Matthaeus de Kempenaer
(b. 1793 - d. 1870) Lib 1 Nov 1849 - 19 Apr 1853 Johan
Rudolf Thorbecke (1st time) (b. 1798 - d.
1872) Lib 19 Apr 1853 - 1 Jul 1856 Floris
Adriaan van Hall (1st time) (b. 1791 - d. 1866)
Con-Lib
(from 1 Apr 1856, Floris Adriaan baron van Hall)
1 Jul 1856 - 18 Mar 1858 Jastinus Jacob
Leonard van der (b. 1804 - d.
1863) Con
Brugghen 18 Mar 1858 - 23 Feb 1860 Jan Jacob
Rochussen
(b. 1797 - d. 1871) Con
23 Feb 1860 - 23 Feb 1861 Floris Adriaan baron van
Hall
(s.a.)
Con-Lib
(2nd time) 23 Feb 1861 - 14 Mar 1861
Schelte baron
Heemstra
(b. 1807 - d. 1864) Lib
(1st
time)(acting) 14 Mar 1861 - 10 Nov 1861
Jacob Pieter Pompejus baron
(b. 1816 - d.
1890) Con-Lib
van Zuylen van Nijevelt 10 Nov 1861 - 1 Feb 1862 Schelte
baron van Heemstra
(s.a.)
Lib
(2nd
time)(acting)
1 Feb 1862 - 10 Feb 1866 Johan Rudolf
Thorbecke (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Lib 10 Feb 1866 - 1 Jun 1866 Isaäc
Dignus Fransen van de Putte (b. 1822 - d.
1902) Lib
(1st time)
12 Mar 1866 - 19 Apr 1866 Pieter Philip van
Bosse
(b. 1809 - d. 1879) Lib
(acting
for van de Putte)
19 May 1866 - 1 Jun 1866 Pieter Philip van
Bosse
(s.a.)
Lib
(acting for van de Putte)
1 Jun 1866 - 4 Jun 1868 Julius Philip
Jacob Adriaan (b. 1819 - d.
1894) Con
graaf van Zuylen van Nijevelt
4 Jun 1868 - 4 Jan 1871 Pieter
Philip van Bosse (1st time)
(s.a.)
Lib 4 Jan 1871 - 4 Jun 1872 Johan
Rudolf Thorbecke (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Lib 4 Jun 1872 - 6 Jul 1872 Pieter
Philip van Bosse (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Lib
6 Jul 1872 - Nov 1872 Gerrit de
Vries
(b. 1818 - d. 1900) Lib Nov 1872 - 27 Aug 1874 Isaäc
Dignus Fransen van de Pute (s.a.)
Lib
(2nd time)
27 Aug 1874 - 3 Nov 1877 Jan
Abrahamzoon Heemskerk
(b. 1818 - d.
1897) Con
(1st time) 3 Nov 1877 - 20 Aug 1879 Johannes
Kappeyne van de Coppello (b. 1822 - d. 1895)
Lib 20 Aug 1879 - 23 Apr 1883 Constantijn
Theodoor baron
van (b. 1826 - d. 1885)
Con
Lynden van Sandenburg
(from 24 Aug 1882, Constantijn Theodoor
graaf van Lynden van Sandenburg) 23 Apr 1883 - 21 Apr 1888 Jan
Abrahamzoon Heemskerk
(s.a.)
Con
(2nd time) 21 Apr 1888 - 21 Aug 1891 Aeneas baron
Mackay
(b. 1838 - d. 1909) ARP 21 Aug 1891 - 21 Mar 1894 Gijsbert van
Tienhoven
(b. 1841 - d. 1914) Lib 21 Mar 1894 - 9 May 1894 Johannes
Pieter Roetert Tak van (b. 1829 -
d. 1904) LU
Poortvliet
9 May 1894 - 27 Jul 1897 Jonkheer Joan
Roëll
(b. 1844 - d. 1914) Lib 27 Jul 1897 - 1 Aug 1901 Nicolaas
Gerard
Pierson
(b. 1839 - d. 1909) LU 1 Aug 1901 - 17 Aug 1905 Abraham
Kuyper
(b. 1837 - d. 1920) ARP 17 Aug 1905 - 12 Feb 1908 Theodoor Herman
de
Meester
(b. 1851 - d. 1919) LU 12 Feb 1908 - 29 Aug 1913 Theodorus
"Theo" Heemskerk
(b. 1852 - d. 1932) ARP 29 Aug 1913 - 9 Sep 1918 Pieter
Willem Adriaan Cort van (b. 1846
- d. 1935) Lib
der Linden 9 Sep 1918 - 3 Aug 1925
Jonkheer Charles Joseph Maria Ruys (b. 1873 - d.
1936) AB
de Beerenbrouck (1st time) 4 Aug 1925 - 8 Mar 1926
Hendrikus "Hendrik" Colijn
(b. 1869 - d. 1944)
ARP
(1st
time) 8 Mar 1926 - 10 Aug 1929 Dirk Jan
de Geer (1st
time) (b. 1870
- d. 1960) CHU 10 Aug 1929 - 26 May 1933 Jonkheer
Charles Joseph Maria Ruys
(s.a.)
RKSP
de Beerenbrouck (2nd time) 26 May 1933 - 10 Aug 1939 Hendrikus
"Hendrik" Colijn
(s.a.)
ARP
(2nd
time) 10 Aug 1939 - 3 Sep 1940 Dirk Jan
de Geer (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
CHU
(in London exile from 13 May 1940) 3 Sep 1940 - 24 Jun 1945 Pieter
Sjoerds
Gerbrandy
(b. 1885 - d. 1961) ARP
(in London exile to 23 May
1945) 6 May 1945 - 23 May 1945 Lodewijk
Hendrik Nicolaas Bosch, (b. 1884 – d.
1953) CHU
ridder van Rosenthal
(chairman of the Committee of Trusted
Representatives of the Government)
24 Jun 1945 - 3 Jul 1946 Willem "Wim"
Schermerhorn
(b.
1894 - d. 1977)VDB;1946 PvdA 3 Jul 1946 - 7 Aug 1948 Louis
Joseph Maria Beel (1st time) (b. 1902 - d.
1977) KVP 7 Aug 1948 - 22 Dec 1958 Willem
Drees
(b. 1886 - d. 1988) PvdA 22 Dec 1958 - 19 May 1959 Louis Joseph
Maria Beel (2nd time)
(s.a.)
KVP 19 May 1959 - 24 Jul 1963 Jan Eduard de
Quay
(b. 1901 - d. 1985) KVP 24 Jul 1963 - 14 Apr 1965 Victor "Vic"
Gerard Marie Marijnen (b. 1917 - d. 1975) KVP 14 Apr 1965 - 22 Nov 1966 Jozef "Jo"
Maria Laurens Theo Cals (b. 1914 - d. 1971) KVP 22 Nov 1966 - 5 Apr 1967 Jelle
Zijlstra
(b. 1918 - d. 2001) ARP 5 Apr 1967 - 6 Jul 1971
Petrus "Piet" Jozef Sietse de Jong (b. 1915 - d.
2016) KVP 6 Jul 1971 - 11 May 1973 Barend
Willem Biesheuvel
(b. 1920 - d. 2001) ARP 11 May 1973 - 19 Dec 1977 Johannes "Joop"
Marten den Uyl (b. 1919 - d.
1987) PvdA 19 Dec 1977 - 4 Nov 1982 Andreas
"Dries" Antonius Maria (b.
1931 - d. 2024) KVP;1980 CDA
van Agt 4 Nov 1982 - 22 Aug 1994 Rudolphus
"Ruud" Franciscus Marie (b. 1939 - d. 2018)
CDA
Lubbers
22 Aug 1994 - 22 Jul 2002 Willem "Wim"
Kok
(b. 1938 - d. 2018) PvdA 22 Jul 2002 - 14 Oct 2010 Jan Pieter "Jan
Peter" Balkenende (b.
1956)
CDA
14 Oct 2010 - 2 Jul 2024
Mark
Rutte
(b. 1967)
VVD
2 Jul 2024
-
Hendrikus "Dick" Wilhelmus
Maria (b. 1957)
Ind
Schoof
German and Allied Occupation
1940-1945
German Military Commanders 10 May 1940 - 16 May
1940 Moritz Albrecht Franz
Friedrich (s.a.)
Mil
Fedor von Bock 16 May 1940 - 29 May
1940 Alexander Freiherr
von
(b. 1878 - d. 1966) Mil
Falkenhausen 29 May 1940 - 6 May
1945 Friedrich
Christiansen
(b. 1879 - d. 1972) Mil 14 Dec 1942 - 5 May 1945
Anton Adriaan
Mussert
(b. 1894 - d. 1946) NSB
(with the German authorized honorific
style Leider van het Nederlandse Volk
["Leader of The Netherlands People"])
Dutch Chief of the General Staff, Military
Authority for the Liberated Areas 14 Sep 1944 - 6 Mar 1946 Hendrik
Johan Kruls (Netherlands) (b. 1902 - d.
1975) Mil
Heads, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary
Force (SHAEF) Mission to Netherlands
15 Sep 1944 - 21 Jan 1945 John Keith Edwards
(U.K.) (b. 1896 - d.
1984) Mil
21 Jan 1945 - Jul 1945 John
George Walters Clark (U.K.) (b. 1892 - d.
1948) Mil
The Resistance 1940-1945
Note: Until 1944 the different
resistance movement factions acted separately under the
supervision of the Bureau Special Missions (Bureau
Bijzondere Opdrachten) of the Netherlands
government in exile. On 5 Sep 1944, they were united
into the Netherlands Interior Forces (Nederlandse
Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten).
Commander of the Netherlands
Interior Forces 5 Sep 1944 - 13 Sep 1945 Bernhard
Leopold Frederik
(b. 1911 - d.
2004) Mil
prins der Nederlanden, prins
van Lippe-Biesterfeld
French Envoys to the Batavian Republic 1795-1805
French Envoys 5 Sep 1795 - Dec 1797
François Joseph Michel
Noël (b. 1756
- d. 1841) Dec 1797 - Jun
1798 Charles
François
Delacroix
(b. 1741 - d. 1805) Jun
1798
Claude
Roberjot
(b. 1752 - d. 1799) Jun 1798 - Oct
1798 Louis
Champigny-Aubin (acting) (b.
1756 - d. 1847) Oct 1798 - Jul
1799 Vincent
Lombard de
Langres
(b. 1765 - d. 1830) Jul
1799
Joseph Fouché
(b. 1759 -
d. 1820) 29 Jul 1799 - 2 Nov 1799 Guiot de
Saint-Florent, dit (b.
1755 - d. 1834)
Florent-Guiot Nov
1799
François Louis Michel Chemin des (b. 1759 -
d. 1840)
Forgues, dit Deforgues Dec
1799
Henri François Constance de
(b. 1751 - d. 1810) Perrochel 30 Dec 1799 - 1 Feb 1805
Charles-Louis Huguet Montaran (b.
1759 - d. 1839)
¹Willem IV became stadholder as Willem
II in Friesland 1 Sep 1711, in Groningen 13 Oct 1718; as
Willem III in in Drenthe 19 Mar 1722,
Gelderland 2 Nov 1722; as Willem IV in in
Zeeland 28 Apr 1747,in Utrecht 3 May
1747, in Holland en Westfriesland 4 May 1747,
and in Overijssel 10 May 1747.
²The full style of the rulers: (a) 9 Jun 1806 - 7 Aug 1806: Door
de Gratie Gods en de Constitutionele Wetten van den
Staat/van het Koninkrijk, Koning van Holland ("By
the Grace of God and the Constitutional Laws of the
State/of the Kingdom, King of Holland"); (b) 7 Aug 1806 - 13 Jul 1810: Door de
Gratie Gods en de Constitutie des Rijks/Koninkrijks,
Koning van Holland ("By the
Grace of God and the Constitution of the Realm/Kingdom,
King of Holland"); (c) 2 Dec 1813 - 17 Mar 1814: Bij
de Gratie Gods, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Souverein
Vorst der Verenigde Nederlanden, enz., enz., enz. ("By
the Grace of God, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Sovereign
Prince of the United Netherlands, etc., etc., etc.");
(d) 17 Mar 1814 - 9 Jun 1814: Bij de
Gratie Gods, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Souverein
Vorst der Verenigde Nederlanden, Hertog van
Luxemburg, enz., enz., enz. ("By the
Grace of God, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Sovereign
Prince of the United Netherlands, Duke of Luxembourg,
etc., etc., etc."); (e) 9 Jun 1814 - 16 Mar 1815: Bij de
Gratie Gods, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Souverein Vorst
der Verenigde Nederlanden, Groothertog van Luxemburg,
enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God,
Prince of Orange-Nassau, Sovereign Prince of the United
Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, etc., etc.,
etc.");
(f) 16 Mar 1815 - 19 Apr 1839: Bij de
Gratie Gods, Koning der Nederlanden, Prins van
Oranje-Nassau, Groothertog van Luxemburg, enz.,
enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God, King
of the The Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand
Duke of Luxembourg, etc, etc, etc."); (g) 19 Apr 1839 - 23 Nov 1890: Bij de
Gratie Gods, Koning der Nederlanden, Prins van
Oranje-Nassau, Groothertog van Luxemburg, Hertog van
Limburg, enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace
of God, King of the The Netherlands, Prince of
Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of
Limburg, etc, etc, etc."); (h) 23 Nov 1890 - 30 Apr 2013: Bij
de Gratie Gods, Koningin der Nederlanden, Prinses
van Oranje-Nassau, enz., enz., enz.("By
the Grace of God, Queen of the Netherlands, Princess
of Orange-Nassau, etc., etc., etc."); (i) from 30 Apr 2013: Bij de Gratie
Gods, Koning der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau,
enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God,
King of The Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, etc.,
etc., etc.").
³Council of State was the
closest the United Netherlands had to a federal cabinet.
The Council consisted usually of 12 members (1-3 per
province, except Drenthe) appointed by the
Estates-General and (to 1625) 1 or 2 members appointed
by the English government. The stadholders of the
provinces were ex officio members of the Council
and the chief executives of the United Netherlands.
Secretaries of the Council managed the business of the
Council, but were not members of the Council. In 1795
the Council of State was replaced by the Committee of
General Affairs with a similar composition (without the
stadholders) and functions.
Population: 182,000
(1858) (excluding Maastricht and Venlo,
population 35,200)
Aug
1815
Netherlands province of Limburg established by the
merger
of several territories that had been part of France from
1795 to 1814 as Meuse-Inférieure département.
4
Oct
1830
Administration by Belgium
established (except Maastricht and Venlo) 19 Apr
1839
Final Act of the London Conference divides the province:
part becomes Belgian, the rest of the province (except
Maastricht
and
Venlo) becomes the Duchy of Limburg, in
notional personal
union
with the Kingdom of the Netherlands. 5
Sep
1839
Duchy of Limburg (Hertogdom Limburg/Herzogtum
Limburg) accepted as
a member
state of the German Confederation (this
polity is not
a
successor polity to the pre-1792 Duchy
of Limburg (see
under Belgium). 11 May
1867
Following the dissolution of the German Confederation,
Limburg is incorporated into the Kingdom of the
Netherlands; Hertogdom Limburg continues
in some official use to 1906,
while the style Hertog van Limburg
remains incorporated
(tacitly, as part of enz., enz., enz.)
into the royal style
until 4 Sep 1948.
Dukes 19 Apr 1839 - 11 May
1867 the kings of the Netherlands
Governors/Commissioners of the Duke (King) 19 Apr 1839 - 11 May 1867 see the province
of Limburg
States of the Empire
in Limburg
Note: There were some immediate
Imperial baronies (reichsfreiherrschaften) of
the Empire in Limburg, not recorded below. According
to the archives of the Imperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht)
the following baronies were considered immediate as of
1794 in the territory of modern Dutch province of
Limburg: Wijlre (Wylre), Rijckholt (Richold), Slenaken
(Schlenacken), Stein, and Cartils. The first of them
had population of around 1,000 and the others had
less. Imperial baronies were not represented in the
Imperial Diet, and not included in Reichsmatrikel
(Imperial Register for Taxation) and were not
compensated in 1803 by territories east of the Rhine
by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss.
Gronsfeld (Gronsveld)
Map of Gronsfeld
(Gronsveld)
Capital: Gronsfeld
(Gronsveld)
Population: 1,500 (1794)
Religions:
Roman Catholic almost
100% (1809)
24 Jun 1498
Lordship elevated to
imperial Barony of Gronsfeld (Herrschaft
Gronsfeld/Baronie Gronsveld)
under the Bronckhorst-Batenburg
family, separated from the Duchy of Limburg. 29 Sep 1586
Raised to County of
Gronsfeld (Grafschaft
Gronsveld/Graafschap
Gronsveld). 1719
Under
the family of the Counts of Törring-Jettenbach
(disputed
until 1724 by Clara Sibilla von
Bronckhorst-Batenburg). 1794
French occupation. 16 May 1795 - 20 Nov 1813 Annexed to France,
part of départementde
la Meuse-Inférieure
(see under Belgium). 9 Feb
1801
Formally ceded to France by the Holy Roman Empire by
the Peace of
Lunéville. 25 Feb 1803 – 12 Jul 1806 Count Joseph
August (b. 1753 – d. 1826) receives the Imperial
Abbey of Gutenzell in Swabia as compensation, which is
elevated
to the Imperial County of Gutenzell (Reichsgrafschaft
Gutenzell)
by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss. 16 Mar
1815
Incorporated into The Netherlands, part of Limburg. Counts/Countesses of Gronsfeld(title Graf/Gräfin von Gronsfeld
[Gronsveld]) 1673 - 8 Apr 1719
Johann Franz
(b. 1639 – d. 1719) 8 Apr 1719 - 1738
Maria Anna
(f)
(b. 1691 – d. 1738) 1738 - 17 Feb 1754
Maria Josepha Gräfin von Arberg
(b. 1722 – d. 1754)
und Valangin (f) 1738 - Jan 1746
Ignaz Felix Graf von Törring-
(b. 1682 – d. 1763) Jettenbach -Regent 17 Jan 1754 - 13 Mar 1773 Maximilian
Emanuel
(b. 1715 – d. 1773) 13 Mar 1773 - 1794
August Joseph
(b. 1728 – d. 1802)
c.972
Benedictine Abbey of Thorn (Abbatia
Thorensis/Stift Thorn). 17 Sep
1292
Imperial immediacy (Reichsstift
Thorn/Rijksabdij van Thorn)
confirmed by King Adolf. 30 Nov
1310
Members of the abbey emphasize their status as
secular noble canons
and
claim they had never been Benedictines.
16 Dec 1485
Emperor Maximilian declares the abbess, the chapter, and
subjects
of
Thorn under Imperial protection (confirmed 2 Jul 1494,
and
again by Emperor Ferdinand 28 Jul
1559).
1602 - 1636
Spanish troops quartered in Thorn.
1636 - 1648
Imperial troops quartered in Thorn.
1648 -
1652
Dutch troops quartered in Thorn.
1652 -
1653
Duchy of Lorraine troops quartered in Thorn.
1653 -
1656
French troops quartered in Thorn.
1699
Brandenburg and Bavarian Imperial troops quartered in
Thorn.
7 Dec
1706
Statute or Recession of the Chapter of Thorn (Statutum
seu
Recessus capituli Thorensis) confirms that Thorn
is an imperial
subject
and thar the Abbess is a Princesses
of the Empire.
3 Oct 1715
Thorn is recognized by the Netherlands as under the
Empire and
the Staten-Generaal renounces its jurisdiction
over it. 4 Oct 1794 - 1 Oct
1795 Occupied by France.
1 Oct 1795 - 15 Feb 1814 Annexed by France (part of département
de la Meuse-Inférieure) (see
under Belgium).
9 Feb
1801
Officially ceded to France by the Holy Roman Empire by
Treaty of
Lunéville.
15 Feb 1814 - 16 Mar 1815 Allied administration
(see Niederrheinunder
Prussia provinces). 16 Mar
1815
Part of the Netherlands.
Princess-Abbesses (title without individual
titles of a specific abbess: des heiligen Römishen
Reichs Fürstin und Äbtissin deren Keyserlichen
frey-weltlichen Stifftern Essen und Thorn, Frau zu
Relinghausen, Huckard, Ubach und Neeroeteren, etc.
etc./Vorstin van het Heilige Roomsche Rijk,
Vorstin-abdis van Essen en Thorn, Vrouw tot
Relinghausen, Huckard, Ubach en Neeroeteren etc. etc.
["Princess and Abbess of the Holy Roman Empire of
their Imperial Free-Secular Foundations in Essen and
Thorn, Lady of Relinghausen, Huckard, Ubach and
Neeroeteren, etc., etc."])(from 15 Oct 1726,
also princess-abbesses of Essen;
resident in Essen) 15 Mar 1691 - 6 Oct
1706 Eleonora von Löwenstein-
(b. 1653 - d. 1706)
Rochefort 7 Dec 1706
- 12 Jan 1717 Anna Juliana Helena von
(b. 1665 - d. 1717)
Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein 30 Mar 1717 - 16 Jul 1776 Franziska
Christine Pfalzgräfin (b. 1696 - d.
1776)
von Sulzbach 14 Jun 1756 - 7 Nov 1773 Anna
Charlotte von Lothringen, (b. 1714
- d. 1773)
Äbtissin von Remiremont
(co-adjutrice) 16 Jul 1776 - 1 Oct 1795 Maria
Kunigunde Dorothee Herzogin (b. 1740 - d. 1826)
von Sachsen
(co-adjutrice from 23 Nov 1775)
Meiers (Intendants) of Thorn 1687 -
1705
Johannes Meyers (Meiers) 1705 - 1721
Christiaan Hermans 1724 - 1749
Johan Jacob Parren 1750 - 1759
D.
Weiler 1761 - 1763
Jan Willem Joseph van Stoltzen 1763
D.H. Fabrij (Fabry) 1763 - 1785
N.
de Borman 1786 - 1795
Jacobus Norbertus van der Schoor
(b. 1748 - d. 1847) (absent 23 Jul 1794 - 1795) 1795
J.C.
Coomans (substitute)
1795
N. Mülbrag
(Mülbrach)
Wittem
Flag c.1723
Map of Wittem
Capital:
Wittem
Population:
2,700 (1794)
Religions: Roman Catholic almost 100% (1809)
1125 -
1206
Sold to Benedictine abbey of Sint-Jacobus de Mindere
in Liège.
1206 -
1344
Sold to Wilhelm (Wychem) von Julémont.
1344 - 1466
Sold by Gerhard von Julémont
to Johann Corsselaar.
1466 - 1639
Sold to Dietrich von Pallandt
Oct 1520
Free Lordship of Wittem (Vrije
Rijksheerlijkheid Wittem) elevated
by Emperor Charles V.
1564 - 1604
Lord Floris I becomes a protestant and
his territory is confiscated
by Imperial authorities.
1639
Floris II von
Pallant dies and rule falls to husband of his cousin,
Wolrad IV von Waldeck-Eisenberg from the
Waldeck family. 1689
Spain ends
Brabant-Limburg's suzerainty over Wittem.
1717
Sold to Joseph Adolf von Pretlack by Albertine
Elisabeth Gräfin zu
Waldeck-Eisenberg.
1720
Sold to Count Carl
Gottfried von Giech. 1728
Sold to Count
Ferdinand von Plettenberg-Lenhausen.
1732
Free Imperial County of
Wittem (Rijksgraafschap Wittem/ Grafschaft Wittem).
1794
French occupation.
16 May 1795 - 20 Nov 1813 Annexed to France,
part of départementde
la Meuse-Inférieure
(see under Belgium).
9 Feb
1801
Formally ceded to France by Graaf Maximiliaan Frederik
and by the
Holy Roman Empire by the Peace of Lunéville 9 Feb
1801.
25 Feb 1803 - 12 Jul 1806 Count Maximiliaan
Frederik receives the towns Mietingen and
Sulmingen in Swabia as compensation, which are
elevated to the
Imperial County of Mietingen (Grafschaft Mietingen)(by
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss).
16 Mar
1815
Incorporated into The Netherlands, part of Limburg.
Lords/Lady (title Heer/Vrouwe van
Wittem) 1692 -
1717
Albertine Elisabeth Gräfin zu
(b. 1664 - d. 1727)
Waldeck-Eisenberg
-Lady 1717
- 1720
Joseph Adolf von Pretlack
1720 - 1722
Carl Gottfried van Giech
(b. 1670 - d. 1729)
1722 - 1728
Karel Maximilian
(b.
1695 - d. 1748) 1728 - 1732
Ferdinand Adolf
(b.
1690 - d. 1737) Counts
(title Graaf van Wittem) 1732
- 18 Mar 1737
Ferdinand Adolf
(s.a.) 18
Mar 1737 - 19 Apr 1779 Frans
Jozef
(b. 1714 - d. 1779) 19
Apr 1779 - 1794
Maximiliaan Frederik
(b. 1771 - d. 1813)
(= Maximilian Friedrich Graf von Plettenberg)
Steward(Drost)
1782 - 1794/95
Joachim Ignatius Isfordt (Isfort)
1363
Lordship of Bokhoven (Heerlijkheid
Bokhoven).
15 Sep 1365 - 1 Oct 1795 Vassal of the
Prince-Bishopric of Liège, within the
Holy Roman Empire.
16 Mar 1499
Barony of Bokhoven (BaronieBokhoven).
1535 - 11 Jul 1741
Van Immerseel
family inherits Heerlijkheid Loon op Zand.
1570 - 11 Jul 1741
Bokhoven
under the Van Immerseel dynasty.
17 Feb 1640
Free County of Bokhoven (Vrij
Graafschap Bokhoven),
but due to
rights of the Prince-Bishop of Liège it was not
recognized as a
fully
fledged Imperial County. Jul
1672
French forces destroy Bokhoven castle.
11 Jul 1741 – 21 Dec 1744 Succession disputed
between four descents of Engelbert II:
Maria
Christina von Salm-Salm (f)(b. 1655 - d. 1745),
Marie-Catherine de Bryas (f), Claire-Honorine de
Bryas (f)
(b. 1672 - d.
1741) on one side and Albertine Jeanne
Josepha de
Dongelberghe, marquuse van Rèves (f) whose mother
was the aunt
of Count
Charles.
2 Apr 1747 - 8 Feb 1753 New succession
dispute between Anne Louis Auguste de
Montmorency,
prins
van Robecq and Ludwig Karl Otto Fürst zu
Salm-Salm
(b. 1721 - d. 1778).
27 Sep 1794 - 1 Oct 1795 French occupation.
17 Nov 1794 - 31 Aug 1795 Part of Central and
Superior Administration of Belgium.
1 Oct 1795 - 8 Mar 1800 Annexed to France. 5 Jan 1800
Sold by France to the
Batavian Republic (see Netherlands)
(confirmed in Peace of Lunéville 9 Feb 1801 and
officially
relinquished by the Holy Roman Empire).
8 Mar 1800 - 25 Sep 1805 Part of the Gecedeerde Landen.
26 Sep 1805
Incorporated into Brabant (Bataafs-Brabant to
6 Aug 1806) province.
3 May 1810 - 12 Dec 1813 Annexed to France
(part of département des Bouches-du-Rhin).
12 Dec
1813
End of French rule.
8 Mar
1814
Part of Netherlands (part of Province of Brabant).
Counts(title Graaf van Bokhoven, heer
van Loon op Zand)
23 May 1654 - 22 Jul 1676 Thomas Ignace
(b. 1634 - d. 1676)
22 Jul 1676 – 16 May 1696 Ferdinand Albertus
Hyacinth (b. c.1665 - d. 1696)
16 May 1696 - 11 Jul 1741 Charles
(b. 1674 - d. 1741) Count/Countess(title Graaf/Gravin
van Bokhoven) 11 Jul 1741 - 21 Dec 1744 various
claimants
21 Dec 1744 - 2 Apr 1747 Albertine Jeanne
Josepha (f) (b. 1675 - d.
1747)
2 Apr 1747 – 8 Feb 1753various
claimants
8 Feb 1753 - 1 Oct 1795 Anne Louis
Alexandre
(b. 1724 - d. 1812)
1292/1308
Sold by the Lord of Cuijk to Jan Boc van Meer.
1269 -
1361
Buch/Buc/Boc van Mere dynasty.
1361 –
1472
Under the Van Culemborg dynasty.
1380
Name Bocmeer/Boxmeer used to distinguish Mere and Meer;
Lordship of Boxmeer (Heerlijkheid Boxmeer).
1472 - 1479
Under the van Vertaing dynasty.
1479 - 1505
Under the Egmont (Egmond) dynasty.
1505 - 19 Jun 1712 Under
the van den Bergh dynasty (1654 - 1712 the counts
of Van
den
Bergh were considered fully fledged Imperial Counts). 19 Jun 1712 - 1797
Under the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty.
21 Oct 1794 - 23 Jan 1798 French occupation. 18 Dec
1797
Boxmeer placed under the Provisional Administration of the Pays
d'entre Meuse et Rhin and Pays d'entre
Rhin-et-Moselle.
23 Jan 1798 - 15 Mar 1800 Part of Frenchdépartement
of Roer (see under Germany).
5 Jan 1800
Sold by France to the
Batavian Republic (see Netherlands)
(confirmed in Peace of Lunéville 9 Feb 1801 and officially
relinquished by the Holy Roman Empire).
15 Mar 1800 - 26 Sep 1805 Part of the Gecedeerde Landen. 25 Feb 1803
Formally ceded to Batavian Republic by
the Prince of Hohenzollern
-Sigmaringen (who is compensated for the loss of Boxmeer
and
other
lands with the Lordship of Glatt and monasteries of
Inzikhofen, Klosterbeuren, and Holzheim in the
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss).
20 Sep 1805
Incorporated into Brabant province.
3 May 1810 - 12 Dec 1813 Annexed to France
(part of département des Bouches-du-Rhin; from 26 Feb 1814, part of département
d'Yssel-Supérieur). 12 Dec
1813
End of French rule.
8 Mar
1814
Part of Netherlands (part of Province of Brabant).
Lords/Ladies (title from 1505, Graaf/Gravin
van den Bergh, Heer/Vrouwe van Boxmeer)
13 Aug 1689 - 19 Jun 1712 Oswald III
(b. 1646 - d. 1712)
19 Jun 1712 - 15 Jul 1715 Maria Clara van den
Bergh- (b. 1644 - d.
1715)
van Hohenzollern (f)
15 Jul 1715 - 10 Feb 1737 Frans Wilhelm
(b. 1704 - d. 1737)
10 Feb 1737 - 15 May 1781 Johan Baptist "de
dolle graaf" (b. 1728 - d.
1781)
("the
Mad Count")
(imprisoned in Haigerloch from 1757)
10 Feb 1737 - 11 Aug 1741 Frans Lodewijk de
Sanguessa, (b. 1662 - d. 1741)
bisschop van Roermond -Guardian
1757 - 1769
Oswald Petrus Hoevel -Administrator(b.
c.1700 - d. 1769)
(administrator of Huis Bergh)
1769 -
1781
Johannes Nepomucenus Hoevel
(b. 1735 - d. 1810)
(administrator of Huis Bergh) 15 May 1781 - 22 Feb 1787 Joanna Josephina
Antonia (f) (b. 1727 - d.
1787)
(regent 1757 - 15 May 1781)
+ Karel
Frederik van Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen (to 20 Dec 1785) (b. 1724 - d.
1785)
22 Feb 1787 - 18 Dec 1797 Anton Alois
(b. 1762 - d. 1831)
Stewards (title Drost van de
vrije heerlijkheden Boxmeer, St. Anthonis en Sambeek)
bf.1716 - 26 Apr 1739 Willem de
Raet, heer van de Wijer (b. 1674 - d. 1739)
1739 - 4 May 1797
Leopold Frans de Raet, heer
van (b. 1716 - d. 1797)
de Wijer
1797
Jan Baptist de Raet,
heer van (b. 1744 - d. 1825)
de Wijer
c.1076
Lordship of Gemert (rijksheerlijkheid Gemert/Herrschaft
Gemert)
under a family named "De Gamerthe" ("De Gemerde"). 12th
cent.
To local Lords of Gemert as fief of Brabant. 1220
Partitioned between itself (de Gemert family) and
the Teutonic Order;
Gemert hereafter ruled as a condominium until
1366 with
two separate administrations with
joint jurisdiction
(Herrschaft und Kommende Gemert). 1331
Gemert half to
's-Hertogenbosch. 1366
Teutonic Order acquired the whole territory of Gemert as
Gemert
Free Domain and Commandery
of the Teutonic Order (Commanderij
van Gemert)(subordinated to
Teutonic Order Bailiwick
of Alden Biesen) as fief of Brabant. 1478
Imperial immediacy
granted. 1648 - 24 Jun
1662
Dutch occupation. 1662
The Netherlands recognizes the rights of the Order over
Gemert.
21 Oct 1794 - 16 May 1795 French occupation 16 May 1795 - 17 Mar 1800 Annexed to France(from
23 Jan 1798, part of département
Roer). 17 Mar
1800
Incorporated into Batavian Republic (later Kingdom of
Holland)
(confirmed in Peace of Lunéville 9 Feb 1801 and
officially
relinquished by the Holy Roman Empire)(part of
the Gecedeerde
Landen 17 Mar 1800-25 Sep 1805; 26 Sep
1805-6 Aug 1806 departementBataafs Brabant; 7
Aug 1806-2 May 1810 departement
Brabant). 3 May 1810 - 1814
Annexed to France (part of département
des Bouches-du-Rhin). 8 Mar 1814
Part of
Netherlands (part of province of Brabant).
Lords (title Heer van Gemert/Herr von Gemert)
and Land Commanders of the Bailiwick of Alden
Biesen (Landcommandeurs van de balije Alden
Biesen/Landkomtur der Ballei Alden Biesen) 1467 -
1481
Johan van de Velde
1481 -
1482
Gerard de Sombreffe
1482 -
1503
Johan van Herck
1503 - 8 Oct
1512
Maximiliaan van
Eynatten
(d. 1512)
(= Johan Mathliaan van Einatten)
1512 -
1536
Gerard van Streithagen (Strijthagen)
1536 -
1554
Wynand van Breyll
(= Wijnand van Breijel) 30 Aug 1554 -
1572 Jan
van Goer
(= Johan van Goir/Goor/Ghor) 1572 - 30 Mar
1603
Johann Heinrich von Reuschenberg (b. 1528 -
d. 1603)
zu Setterich
(=
Hendrik van Ruijschenbergh)
1603 - 1605
Willem Frambach Bock
van
(d. 1605)
Lichtenberg
1605 - 9 Apr 1634
Edmond grraaf
Huyn van Amstenraedt (b. 1567 - d. 1634)
(Amstenrade)
1634 -
1657
Godfried Huyn van Amstenraedt van (b.
c.1598 - d. 1657)
Geleen
(= Gottfried Graf Huyn, Freiherr von Geleen)
1657 - 26 Oct
1690
Edmond Godfried van Bocholtz
(b. 1615 - d. 1690)
1690 -
1707
Hendrik baron van Wassenaer
(b.
1642 - d. 1709)
tot
Warmond 1707 - 19 Aug 1743
Damian Hugo Philipp Reichsgraf von (b. 1676 - d. 1743)
Schönborn-Buchheim
1743 -
1749
Ferdinand Damian von Sickingen zu
Ebernburg
1749 - 1766
Wiric Leopold von Steinen zu Scherf
1766 - 2 Jan 1784
Kaspar Anton Freiherr von der
Heyden
gen. Belderbusch
(from 1782, Kaspar Anton Graf (b. 1722
- d. 1784)
von der
Heyden gen. Belderbusch) 1784 - 21 Oct 1794
Franz Josef Johann Nepomuk
Fidel (b. 1730 - d. 1807)
Freiherr von Reischach
(nominally in exile to 12 Sep 1807)
Commanders (Commandeur van de Duitse Orde te
Gemert/Kommandeur des Deutschen Ordens in Gemert)(subordinated
to Bailiffs of Alden Biesen; from
1720, titular and did not reside in Gemert) c.1483 -
1503
Maximiliaan van
Eynatten
(s.a.)
(= Johan Mathliaan van Einatten)
c.1515 - 17 Jul 1544 Hendrik
van Eynatten
(d. 1544)
1550 -
1553
Hendrik van Hoochkerken (acting) (d. 1561)
1558 - 25 May 1570
Wynand van Eynatten
(d. 1570)
(acting to 1560) 1570 -
1598
Goyart van Aer (Ahr)
(d. 1598) 1598 - Sep 1630
Hendrik van Holtrop
(d. 1630) 1630 - 1635Vacant 1635 -
1654
Caspar Ulrich Thoen baron van
(d. 1655)
Hoensbroek 1654 - 18 Mar 1684
Ambrosius baron de Lerod
Virmundt (d. 1684)
(administrator to 1661) Dec 1684 - 1691
Hendrik baron van
Wassenaer (s.a.)
tot Warmond 6 Mar 1691 - 21 Mar
1712 Bertram Wessel baron van Loë
(b. 1644 - d. 1712)
tot Wissen 1712 - 1716Vacant 3 Jun 1716
- 2 Mar 1720 Bertram Anton baron van
(b. 1674? - d.
1720)
Wachtendonk tot Germenseel 1720 - 1744
Vacant 1744 - 30 Nov 1763
Johan Jozef baron van
der Noot (b. 1707 - d. 1763) 1763 - 1770Vacant 1770 - 1777
Nicolus-Bernardus de Borchgrave (b. 1715 -
d. 1777) (Borchgrave) 1778 - 1794
Clemens August
baron
van
(b. 1719 - d. 1796) Plettenberg 1793 - 1794
Jan Hubert
Robijns
(b. 1758 - d. 1833)
(acting for Plettenberg)
Stewards (title Rentmeester/Drossaard van
Gemert) 1... - 1733
Godefroy Cox 1734 -
1760
François van der Geest
(b. 1699 - d. 17..) 1760 -
1785
Peter Adrian de la Court
(b. 1725 - d. 1792) 1785 - 1786
Theodorus Antonius
Franciscus (b. 1746 - d. 1786) Borret 1786 - 1794
Maria
Petronella Aerdts (f) (b.
1746 - d. 1829) 1793 - 1794
Jan Hubert
Robijns
(s.a.)
(acting for Aerdts)
1794
J.J.F. Meyer
721/22
First mentioned as
Meginum.
1145
County of Megen (Graafschap
Megen/Grafschaft Megen)
first
mentioned;
county included the city of Megen and villages
of Haren, Macharen and
Teefelen. Also called the Stad
en Land van Megen. 1190
Imperial immediacy. 1420
Purchased by Henric
(Henrik) Dicbier. 16 Feb 1470
Sold to Guy de Brimeu (b. c.1433/34
- d. 1477). 1610
Passed to
the Croÿ family. 1648 - 1671
Disputed between Croÿ
family and the Dutch Staten-Generaal. 30 Nov
1671
The Netherlands recognizes the independence of the
county from
the Netherlands and the county being part of the Empire,
but due
to
certain remaining rights of the (Spanish) Duchy of
Brabant
it was not recognized as a fully fledged Imperial
County. 6 Apr 1697
Purchased by Elector
Johann Wilhelm of the Palatinate. 6 Sep 1728
Purchased
by Maximilian Damian Freiherr von Schall zu
Bell. 21 Oct 1794 - 16 May 1795 Occupied by
France. 16 May 1795 - 14 Mar 1800 Annexed to France(from 23 Jan 1798, part of
département Roer). 5 Jan 1800
Sold by
France to Batavian Republic (later Kingdom of
Holland)
(confirmed in Peace of
Lunéville 9 Feb 1801 and officially
relinquished by the Holy Roman Empire)(part of
the Gecedeerde
Landen 14 Mar 1800-25 Sep 1805;
26 Sep 1805-6 Aug 1806 departement Bataafs Brabant; 7
Aug 1806-2 May 1810 departement Brabant). 25 Feb
1803
Count of Schall is compensated for the loss of Megen
with perpetual
interest of 12,000 guilders (to be paid by the Elector
of
Württemberg by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss). 3 May 1810 - 20 Nov 1813 Annexed to
France
(part of département des Bouches-du-Rhin). 8 Mar
1814
Part of Netherlands (part of province of Brabant).
Counts
(title Graaf van Megen/Graf
zu Megen) Oct 1674
– 8 Oct 1675 Alexander Graf zu
Vehlen (b. 1599
- d. 1675) 8 Oct 1675 – 7
Jul 1685 Ferdinand Gottfried Graf zu Vehlen (b.
1626 - d. 1685) 7 Jul
1685 – 6 Apr 1697 Alexander Otto Graf zu
Vehlen (b. 1657 - d. 1727) 6 Apr 1697 – 8
Jun 1716 Johann Wilhelm Pfalzgraf bei
Rhein (b. 1658 - d. 1716) 8
Jun 1716 – 6 Sep 1728 Karl
Philipp Pfalzgraf bei Rhein (b.
1661 - d. 1742) 6 Sep 1728 – 4
Feb 1741 Maximilian Damian Freiherr von
(b. 1681 - d. 1741) Schall zu Bell 4 Feb 1741 – 3
Dec 1783 Ferdinand Freiherr von
Schall (b. 1720 - d. 1783)
Bell (from 7 Sep 1745, Graf von Schall zu Bell)
3 Dec 1783 – 21 Oct 1794 Karl Theodor Graf
von Schall zu (b. 1747 - d. 1832)
Bell
Religions: Roman Catholic 89%, Dutch Reformed 11%
(1809)
c.1170
To Herpen; later
superseded by Ravenstein and the local barons
assumed the name Ravenstein.
1191
Lordship of Herpen (Herpen
Dominium/Heerlijkheid Herpen/Herrschaft
Herpen).
1360
Renamed Lordship
of Ravenstein (Rauenstein Dominium/Heerlijkheid
Ravenstein/Herrschaft Ravenstein)
after new castle.
1324 - 1396
Under the Valkenburg dynasty.
1396 - 1397
Under the Salm-Salm.
1397 - 1609
Under the Duchy of Cleves (from 1528,
Jülich-Cleves-Berg).
1609 – 1614
Condominium of Brandenburg and
Pfalz-Neuburg.
1614
By Treaty of
Xanten ceded to the Electorate of Brandenburg.
1621 – 1624
Dutch forces garrison
Ravenstein.
9 Mar 1629
By Treaty of Düsseldorf under
the Dukes of Pfalz-Neuburg
(from 1685, also the Elector Palatine)(effected
11 Jun 1631). 1635 – 1672
Dutch forces garrison Ravenstein.
2 Jun 1670
Brandenburg ends its claim to
Ravenstein.
Sep 1794
French occupation.
21 Oct 1794
Ravenstein annexed by France. 23 Jan 1798 - 12 Mar 1800 Part of French
département of Roer (see under
Germany).
5 Jan 1800
Sold by France to
the Batavian Republic (see Netherlands)
(confirmed in Peace of Lunéville 9 Feb 1801 and
officially
relinquished by the Holy Roman Empire).
12 Mar 1800 - 26 Sep 1805 Part of the Gecedeerde Landen. 23 Feb 1803
Formally ceded to the
Dutch by Elector of Bavaria.
20 Sep 1805
Incorporated into Brabant province. 3 May 1810 - 12 Dec
1813 Annexed to France (part of département
des Bouches-du-Rhin; from
26 Feb 1814, part of département
d'Yssel-Supérieur). 12 Dec
1813
End of French rule.
8 Mar
1814
Part of Netherlands (part of Province of Brabant).
Lords (title Heer van
Ravenstein/Herren von Ravenstein)
1397 – 1609
the Dukes of Cleves
1609 – 2 Jun 1670
the Electors of Brandenburg
-
in dispute with -
1609 - 21 Oct 1794 the
Dukes of Pfalz-Neuburg Land Stewards (titleDrost
van het Land van Ravenstein)
1446 - 1451
Dirk van Bronkhorst
1486
Peter
van Chaurengereur
1524 - 1561
R. Bijland
1561 - 1569
Otto van Wachtendonk
1596 - 1597
Tengnagel
1623 - 1624
van Efferen
1625
Johan Vaeck
1633 - 1643
Sibergh (vice-drost)
1648 - 1650
Locquenghien
1650
van
der Bijlant
1652
A. de Vos
1657 - 1666
De Rheede
1671 -
1691
De Soly (vice-drost)
1674 - 1702
Herman van Wachtendonk
1691 -
1701
Gerard Theodor van Honthorst
(vice-drost)
1702 - 1709
Arnold van Wachtendonk
1709 - 1716
Carel Frans van Wachtendonk
1716 - 1747
Herman van Wachtendonk
1716 -
1722
Johan van Willigen (vice-drost)
1722 -
1724
Leonard van Duren (vice-drost)
1724 -
1728
Gerard Olivier Gijbkens (vice-drost)
1728 -
1738
Bernard van Niel (vice-drost)
1738 -
1747
Judocus Johannes Bloemarts
(vice-drost)
1747 - 1773
Joannes Adriaan de Lauwere
(b. 1725 - d. 1773)
1773 - 1794
Amandus van Bree