International
Organizations A - L
African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP):
see Organization
of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS)
African and Malagasy Common
Organization (OCAM)
Apr 1962 -
23 Mar 1985
|
c.1965 -
c.1971 14 Star Variant
|
Headquarters: Bangui
(Central African Republic)
(Yaoundé,
Cameroon 1964-1974;
UAM: Cotonou, Dahomey
1961-1964; OAMCE: Yaoundé, Cameroon 1961-1965)
|
26 Mar 1961
Afro-Malagasy Organization for Economic
Co-operation (OAMCE)
(Organisation
Africaine et Malgache de Coopération Économique)
established by the Brazzaville charter of
15 Dec 1960.
12 Sep 1961 - 10 Mar 1963 African and
Malagasy Union (Union Africaine et Malgache)(UAM),
Casablanca charter signed.
Merged into OAMCE 10 Mar 1963.
29 Apr 1964
African and Malagasy Union for Economic
Co-operation (Union
Africaine et Malgache de Coopération Économique)(UAMCE);
charter signed 10 Mar 1964, but
it fails to obtain the number
of ratifications necessary.
1 Jul
1964
UAMCE secretariat general begins to function.
12 Feb
1965
African and Malagasy Common
Organization (Organisation Commune
Africaine et Malgache)(OCAM),
established as merger of UAMCE and
UAM (charter signed
27 Jun 1966, entered into force 28 Dec
1967).
UAMCE is converted into the OCAM.
21 Jan 1971
Renamed African, Malagasy
and Mauritian Common Organization
(Organisation Commune Africaine,
Malgache et Mauricienne)(OCAMM).
Feb 1974
Renamed African and Mauritian Common
Organization
(Organisation Commune Africaine
et Mauricienne)(OCAM).
23 Mar
1985
Dissolved and activities were taken over by the
Organization of
African Unity (OAU).
Secretary-general of OAMCE
Oct 1961 - May 1965
Jules Razafimbahiny
(Madagascar) (b. 1922 - d. 1992)
Secretaries-general of UAMCE
(1971-74, OCAMM; 1974-85 OCAM)
May 1964
- 1 Apr 1968 Diakha Dieng
(Senegal) (b.
1933)
Apr 1968 -
1974
Falilou Kane (Senegal)
(b. 1938 - d. 2021)
Aug 1974 -
1974
Régis Fanchette (Mauritius)
(b. 1924)
Nov 1974 -
1979
Sydney Moutia (Mauritius)
(b. 1932)
1979 -
1985
Ismail Amri Sued
(Rwanda)
(b. 1942 - d. 2017)
OCAM Membership (9 members)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
12 Feb 1965 |
Cameroon1, Central
African Republic, Chad1, Congo
(Brazzaville)2,
Dahomey3,
Gabon4, Ivory Coast,
Madagascar5,
Mauritania6, Niger,
Senegal, Togo, Upper Volta7 |
26 May 1965 |
Rwanda |
Jul 1965 |
Congo (Léopoldville)8
|
1970
|
Burundi
|
21 Jan 1971 |
Mauritius |
Feb 1977 |
Seychelles9 |
1Cameroon
and Chad withdrew 1 Jul
1973. 2Congo
withdrew 1973. 3from
1975 Benin. 4Gabon withdrew
7 Sep 1976. 5to
30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic; withdrew
Aug 1973. 6Mauritania
withdrew 24 Jun 1965. 7from
1984 Burkina Faso. 81966-1971
Congo (Kinshasa), from 1971 Zaire; Zaire withdrew
Apr 1972. 9Seychelles
withdrew 1978. |
African Development Bank (AfDB)
AfDB website
|
Headquarters: Abidjan,
Côte d'Ivoire
(Tunis, Tunisia
Feb 2003 - 8 Sep 2014)
|
4 Aug 1963
African Development Bank agreement signed.
10 Sep
1964
African Development Bank (AfDB)(Banque Africaine de
Développement)
(BAD) founded.
29 Nov 1972
African Development Fund, the concessional
window
of the
AfDB Group, created (operational 1974).
Presidents
4 Nov 1964 - 21 Jan 1970 Mamoun
Beheiry (The
Sudan)
(b. 1925 - d. 2002)
21 Jan 1970 - 31 Aug 1976 Abdelwahab
Labidi
(Tunisia) (b.
1929 - d. ....)
(interim to 31 Aug 1970)
1 Sep 1976 - 31 Aug 1980 Kwame Donkoh
Fordwor (Ghana) (b.
1933)
Jul 1979 - 31 Aug 1980 Goodall
Edward Gondwe (Malawi) (b.
1936 - d. 2023)
(acting for Fordwor)
1 Sep 1980 - 31 Aug 1985 Wila
D'Israeli Mung'omba (Zambia) (b. 1939 - d. 2014)
1 Sep 1985 - 31 Aug 1995 Babacar
Ndiaye (Senegal)
(b. 1936 - d. 2017)
1 Sep 1995 - 31 Aug 2005 Omar
Kabbaj
(Morocco)
(b. 1942)
1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2015 Donald
Kaberuka
(Rwanda)
(b. 1951)
1 Sep 2015 -
Akinwumi "Akin" Ayodeji Adesina
(b. 1960)
(Nigeria)
AfDB membership (81)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
10 Sep 1964 |
Algeria, Cameroon, Congo (Léopoldville)1,
Dahomey2, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast3,
Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco,
Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, The Sudan,
Tanzania4, Togo,
Uganda |
11 Sep 1964 |
Senegal |
14 Sep 1964 |
Egypt |
22 Sep 1964 |
Upper Volta5 |
22 Oct 1964 |
Somalia |
29 Oct 1964 |
Tunisia |
18 Jan 1965 |
Rwanda |
10 Feb 1965 |
Congo (Brazzaville) |
25 Jul 1966 |
Malawi |
1 Sep 1966 |
Zambia |
2 Jan 1968 |
Burundi |
26 Aug 1968 |
Chad |
26 Aug 1970 |
Central African Republic |
26 Jul 1971 |
Swaziland6 |
31 Mar 1972 |
Botswana |
21 Jul 1972 |
Libya |
31 Dec 1972 |
Gabon |
2 Jul 1973 |
The Gambia, Lesotho |
1 Jan 1974 |
Mauritius |
5 May 1975 |
Guinea-Bissau |
30 Jun 1975 |
Equatorial Guinea |
14 Apr 1976 |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
15 Apr 1976 |
Cape Verde7 |
3 May 1976 |
Comoros, Madagascar |
4 Jun 1976 |
Mozambique |
20 Sep 1977 |
Seychelles |
12 Jul 1978 |
Djibouti |
10 Apr 1979
|
United Arab Emirates8
|
5 Sep 1980 |
Zimbabwe |
9 Jan 1981 |
Angola |
15 Dec 1982 |
Portugal |
30 Dec 1982 |
Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Kuwait,
Norway, South Korea, Sweden,
Switzerland, Yugoslavia9 |
31 Dec 1982 |
Italy |
28 Jan 1983 |
The Netherlands |
3 Feb 1983 |
Japan |
8 Feb 1983 |
United States |
18 Feb 1983 |
(West) Germany |
15 Mar 1983 |
Belgium |
30 Mar 1983 |
Austria |
29 Apr 1983 |
United Kingdom |
14 Jul 1983 |
Brazil |
6 Dec 1983 |
India |
15 Dec 1983 |
Portugal, Saudi Arabia |
20 Mar 1984 |
Spain |
10 May 1985 |
China |
2 Jul 1985 |
Argentina |
10 Apr 1994 |
Namibia |
13 May 1994 |
Eritrea |
13 Dec 1995 |
South Africa |
29 Oct 2013
|
Turkey10
|
29 May 2014
|
Luxembourg |
30 Apr 2015
|
South Sudan
|
4 Mar 2020
|
Ireland
|
11966-71
and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.
2from 1975 Benin. 3from
1985 Côte
d'Ivoire. 4United
Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed
Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 5from
1984 Burkina Faso. 6from
2018 Eswatini. 7from
2013 Cabo Verde. 8U.A.E.
is a member only of African Development Fund
(ADF) and not an AfDB member. 9Yugoslavia
expelled 31 Dec 1992. 10from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
|
African Union (AU)
-
- 1 Jan 1970 - 31 Jan 2010
|
-
- Official Variant 8 Jul 2004
- 31 Jan 2010
|
-
- Adopted 31 Jan 2010
|
African
Union website
--------------------------
Pan-African
Parliament
-------------------------
AfCTA
website
|
Hear
African Union
Anthem
(French) "Unissons-nous tous et célébrons
ensemble"; (Portuguese)
"Vamos todos nos unir e
celebrar juntos;
(Ki-Swahili)
"Hebu wote kuungana na kusherehekea pamoja";
(Arabic) "`dyuna ntxhd
gmiya unxhtfl mya")
|
Text of
AU Anthem
(former OAU anthem)
"Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together"
Adopted 1985/2010
|
Headquarters:
Addis Ababa
(Ethiopia);
(Pan-African Parliament:
Midrand, South Africa;
African Court:
Arusha, Tanzania;
AfCFTA: Accra, Ghana)
|
AU Day: 25 May
(1963)
Africa Day
|
25 May
1963
Organization of African Unity (OAU)(Organisation de
l'Unité
Africaine/Organização
da Unidade Africana/Organización de la
Unidad Africana/Munazzamat al-Wehdat al-Ifriqiya/Umoja
wa
Muungano wa Afrika).
9 Jul
2002
African Union (AU)(l'Union Africaine/União
Africana/Unión Africana/
al-Ittihad
al-Ifriqiya/Umoja wa Afrika).
25 Jan
2004
African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights charter
effective.
18 Mar 2004
Pan-African Parliament established.
1 Jan 2021
"Agreement
Establishing the African Continental Free Trade
Agreement" (AfCFTA) commences (in force 30 May 2019,
signed
21 Mar
2018).
Secretaries-general
25 May 1963 - 21 Jul 1964 Kifle Wodajo
(Ethiopia) (acting) (b. 1936 - d. 2004)
21 Jul 1964 - 15 Jun 1972 Diallo Telli
(Guinea)
(b. 1925 - d. 1977)
15 Jun 1972 - 16 Jun 1974 Nzo Ekangaki
(Cameroon)
(b. 1934 - d. 2005)
16 Jun 1974 - 21 Jul 1978 William Eteki
Mboumoua (Cameroon) (b. 1933 - d. 2016)
21 Jul 1978 - 12 Jun 1983 Édouard "Edem"
Kodjovi Kodjo (Togo)(b. 1938 - d. 2020)
12 Jun 1983 - 20 Jul 1985 Peter Onu
(Nigeria) (acting)
(b. 1931 - d. 1997)
20 Jul 1985 - 19 Sep 1989 Ide Oumarou
(Niger)
(b. 1937 - d. 2002)
19 Sep 1989 - 17 Sep 2001 Salim Ahmed
Salim (Tanzania) (b.
1942)
17 Sep 2001 - 9 Jul 2002 Amara Essy
(Côte
d'Ivoire)
(b. 1944)
Chairmen of the Commission
9 Jul 2002 - 16 Sep 2003 Amara Essy
(Côte
d'Ivoire)
(s.a.)
(interim)
16 Sep 2003 - 28 Apr 2008 Alpha Oumar Konaré
(Mali)
(b. 1946)
28 Apr 2008 - 15 Oct 2012 Jean Ping
(Gabon)
(b. 1942)
15 Oct 2012 - 14 Mar 2017 Nkosazana
Dlamini-Zuma
(f) (b.
1949)
(South
Africa)
14 Mar 2017
-
Moussa Faki
(Chad)
(b. 1960)
Chairmen
25 May 1963 - 17 Jul 1964 Haile Selassie
(Ethiopia)
(b. 1892 - d. 1975)
(1st time)
17 Jul 1964 - 21 Oct 1965 Gamal Abdel
Nasser
(Egypt)
(b. 1918 - d. 1970)
21 Oct 1965 - 24 Feb 1966 Kwame Nkrumah
(Ghana)
(b. 1909 - d. 1972)
24 Feb 1966 - 5 Nov 1966 Joseph
Arthur Ankrah
(Ghana) (b. 1915 -
d. 1992)
5 Nov 1966 - 11 Sep 1967 Haile
Selassie
(Ethiopia)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
11 Sep 1967 - 13 Sep 1968 Joseph-Désiré
Mobutu (Congo [K.]) (b. 1930 - d. 1997)
13 Sep 1968 - 6 Sep 1969 Houari
Boumedienne
(Algeria) (b. 1932?
- d. 1978)
6 Sep 1969 - 1 Sep 1970
Ahmadou Ahidjo
(Cameroon)
(b. 1924 - d. 1989)
1 Sep 1970 - 21 Jun 1971 Kenneth
Kaunda (Zambia) (1st time) (b. 1924 - d. 2021)
21 Jun 1971 - 12 Jun 1972 Moktar Ould
Daddah (Mauritania) (b. 1924 - d.
2003)
12 Jun 1972 - 27 May 1973 Hassan II
(Morocco)
(b. 1929 - d. 1999)
27 May 1973 - 12 Jun 1974 Yakubu Gowon
(Nigeria)
(b. 1934)
12 Jun 1974 - 28 Jul 1975 Mohamed Siad
Barre (Somalia) (b. 1919? - d.
1995)
28 Jul 1975 - 2 Jul 1976 Idi Amin
(Uganda)
(b. 1925? - d. 2003)
2 Jul 1976 - 2 Jul 1977 Sir
Seewoosagur
Ramgoolam
(b. 1900 - d. 1985)
(Mauritius)
2 Jul 1977 - 18 Jul 1978 Omar Bongo
(Gabon)
(b. 1935 - d. 2009)
18 Jul 1978 - 12 Jul 1979 Gaafar Nimeiry
(The
Sudan)
(b. 1930 - d. 2009)
12 Jul 1979 - 12 Apr 1980 William R.
Tolbert, Jr. (Liberia) (b. 1913 - d. 1980)
28 Apr 1980 - 1 Jul 1980 Léopold
Sédar Senghor (Senegal) (b. 1906 - d.
2001)
(acting)
1 Jul 1980 - 24 Jun 1981 Siaka
Stevens (Sierra
Leone) (b. 1905 - d.
1988)
24 Jun 1981 - 6 Jun 1983 Daniel
arap Moi
(Kenya)
(b. 1924 - d. 2020)
6 Jun 1983 - 12 Nov 1984 Mengistu
Haile Mariam (Ethiopia) (b. 1937)
12 Nov 1984 - 18 Jul 1985 Julius Nyerere
(Tanzania)
(b. 1922 - d. 1999)
18 Jul 1985 - 28 Jul 1986 Abdou Diouf
(Senegal) (1st time) (b. 1935)
28 Jul 1986 - 27 Jul 1987 Denis
Sassou-Nguesso
(Congo) (b. 1943)
(1st time)
27 Jul 1987 - 25 May 1988 Kenneth Kaunda
(Zambia) (2nd time) (s.a.)
25 May 1988 - 24 Jul 1989 Moussa Traoré
(Mali)
(b. 1936 - d. 2020)
24 Jul 1989 - 9 Jul 1990 Hosni
Mubarak (Egypt) (1st time) (b. 1928 - d.
2020)
9 Jul 1990 - 3 Jun 1991
Yoweri Museveni
(Uganda)
(b. 1944?)
3 Jun 1991 - 29 Jun 1992 Ibrahim
Babangida
(Nigeria) (b.
1941)
29 Jun 1992 - 28 Jun 1993 Abdou Diouf
(Senegal) (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Jun 1993 - 13 Jun 1994 Hosni Mubarak
(Egypt) (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Jun 1994 - 26 Jun 1995 Zine El Abidine
Ben Ali (Tunisia) (b. 1936 - d. 2019)
26 Jun 1995 - 8 Jul 1996 Meles
Zenawi
(Ethiopia)
(b. 1955 - d. 2012)
8 Jul 1996 - 2 Jun 1997 Paul
Biya
(Cameroon)
(b. 1933)
2 Jun 1997 - 8 Jun 1998
Robert Mugabe
(Zimbabwe)
(b. 1924 - d. 2019)
(1st time)
8 Jun 1998 - 12 Jul 1999 Blaise Compaoré
(Burkina Faso) (b. 1951)
12 Jul 1999 - 10 Jul 2000 Abdelaziz
Bouteflika (Algeria) (b. 1937 -
d. 2021)
10 Jul 2000 - 9 Jul 2001 Gnassingbé
Eyadéma
(Togo)
(b. 1937 - d. 2005)
9 Jul 2001 - 2 Jan 2002
Frederick Chiluba
(Zambia)
(b. 1943 - d. 2011)
2 Jan 2002 - 9 Jul 2002 Levy
Mwanawasa
(Zambia)
(b. 1948 - d. 2008)
9 Jul 2002 - 10 Jul 2003 Thabo
Mbeki (South
Africa)
(b. 1942)
10 Jul 2003 - 6 Jul 2004 Joaquim
Chissano (Mozambique) (b.
1939)
6 Jul 2004 - 24 Jan 2006 Olusegun
Obasanjo
(Nigeria) (b.
1937)
24 Jan 2006 - 29 Jan 2007 Denis
Sassou-Nguesso (Congo [B.]) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
29 Jan 2007 - 31 Jan 2008 John Kufuor
(Ghana)
(b. 1938)
31 Jan 2008 - 2 Feb 2009 Jakaya Kikwete
(Tanzania)
(b. 1950)
2 Feb 2009 - 31 Jan 2010 Muammar
al-Qaddafi (Libya)
(b. 1942 - d.
2011)
31 Jan 2010 - 30 Jan 2011 Bingu wa Mutharika
(Malawi) (b.
1934 - d. 2012)
30 Jan 2011 - 29 Jan 2012 Teodoro Obiang Nguema
Mbasogo (b. 1942)
(Equatorial Guinea)
29 Jan 2012 - 27 Jan 2013 Thomas
Yayi Boni (Benin)
(b. 1952)
27 Jan 2013 - 30 Jan 2014 Hailemariam
Desalegn (Ethiopia) (b. 1965)
30 Jan 2014 - 30 Jan 2015 Mohamed Ould
Abdel
Aziz
(b. 1956)
(Mauritania)
30 Jan 2015 - 30 Jan 2016 Robert Mugabe
(Zimbabwe)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
30 Jan 2016 - 30 Jan 2017 Idriss Déby Itno
(Chad)
(b. 1952 - d. 2021)
30 Jan 2017 - 28 Jan 2018 Alpha Condé
(Guinea)
(b. 1938)
28 Jan 2018 - 10 Feb 2019 Paul Kagame
(Rwanda)
(b. 1957)
10 Feb 2019 - 9 Feb 2020 Abdel Fattah
al-Sisi (Egypt) (b.
1954)
9 Feb 2020 - 6 Feb 2021
Cyril Ramaphosa (South Africa) (b. 1952)
6 Feb 2021 - 5 Feb 2022
Félix Tshisekedi (Congo
[K.]) (b. 1963)
5 Feb 2022 - 18 Feb 2023 Macky Sall
(Senegal)
(b. 1961)
18 Feb 2023 - 17 Feb 2024 Azali Assoumani
(Comoros)
(b. 1959)
17 Feb 2024
-
Mohamed Ould Cheikh El Ghazouani (b. 1956)
(Mauritania)
1 Jun 2021 - 27 Jun 2022 Parliament
suspended.
Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament
18 Mar 2004 - 29 May 2009 Gertrude
Ibengwe Mongella (f) (b.
1945)
(Tanzania)
29 May 2009 - 28 May 2012 Idriss Ndélé
Moussa
(Chad)
(b. 1959 - d. 2013)
28 May 2012 - 29 May 2015 Bethel Nnaemeka Amadi
(Nigeria) (b. 1964 - d. 2019)
29 May 2015 - 1 Mar 2020 Roger Nkodo Dang
(Cameroon) (b.
1963)
1 Mar 2020 - 1 Apr 2020 Fortune
Charumbira (Zimbabwe) (b.
1962)
(1st time)(acting)
1 Apr 2020 - 1 Mar 2021 Bouras Djamel
(Algeria)(acting) (b. 1960)
1 Mar 2021 - 11 Jan 2024 Fortune Charumbira
(Zimbabwe) (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting to 29 Jun 2022)
23 Aug 2023 - 25 Mar 2024 Ashebir Woldegiorgis
Gayo (Ethiopia)
(acting [for Charumbira to 11 Jan
2024])
25 Mar 2024
-
Fortune Charumbira
(Zimbabwe) (s.a.)
(3rd time)
Presidents of the African Court on Human and
Peoples' Rights
Jul 2006 - 2008
Gérard
Niyungeko
(Burundi)
(b. 1954)
(1st time)
Sep 2008 -
2010
Jean Mutsinzi (Rwanda)
(b. 1938 - d. 2019)
2010 - 2012
Gérard
Niyungeko
(Burundi)
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
2012 -
2014
Sophia Abena Boafoa Akuffo (f)
(b. 1949)
(Ghana)
2014 - 5 Sep
2016
Augustino Steven
Lawrence
(b. 1945 - d. 2020)
Ramadhani (Tanzania)
5 Sep 2016 - 31 May 2021 Sylvain Oré
(Côte d'Ivoire)
31 May 2021 -
Imani Daud Aboud (f)(Tanzania)
Secretary-general of the African
Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)
19 Mar 2020
-
Wamkele Keabetswe Mene
(b. 1977?)
(South Africa)
AU membership (55)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
25 May 1963 |
Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African
Republic1,
Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Léopoldville)2, Dahomey3,
Egypt4,
Ethiopia, Gabon5,
Ghana, Guinea6,
Ivory Coast7, Liberia,
Libya, Madagascar8,
Mali9, Mauritania10,
Morocco11, Niger12,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
The Sudan13,
Tanganyika14, Togo15, Tunisia,
Uganda, Upper Volta16,
Zanzibar14 |
13 Dec 1963 |
Kenya |
13 Jul 1964 |
Malawi |
16 Dec 1964 |
Zambia |
9 Mar 1965 |
The Gambia |
31 Oct 1966 |
Botswana, Lesotho |
23 Aug 1968 |
Mauritius |
24 Sep 1968 |
Swaziland17 |
12 Oct 1968 |
Equatorial Guinea |
19 Nov 1973 |
Guinea-Bissau18 |
11 Feb 1975 |
Angola |
18 Jul 1975 |
Cape Verde19,
Comoros20,
Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe |
29 Jun 1976 |
Seychelles |
27 Jun 1977 |
Djibouti |
18 Jun 1980 |
Zimbabwe |
22 Feb 1982 |
Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic |
1 Jun 1990 |
Namibia |
24 May 1993 |
Eritrea21 |
6 Jun 1994 |
South Africa |
27 Jul 2011
|
South Sudan22
|
1C.A.R.
suspended from 25 Mar 2013 - 31 Mar 2016. 2Congo
(Kinshasa) 1966-71 and from 1997;
1971-97 Zaire; halted its participation 12 Nov
1984 - 28 Jul 1986. 3from
1975 Benin. 4Egypt
suspended 5 Jul 2013 - 17 Jun
2014. 5Gabon
suspended 31 Aug 2023. 6Guinea
suspended 29 Dec 2008 - 9 Dec 2010
and from 10 Sep 2021. 7from
1985 Côte d'Ivoire;
suspended 9 Dec 2010 - 21 Apr 2011. 8Malagasy
Republic to 30 Dec 1975;
Madagascar suspended 10 Jul 2002 - 10 Jul 2003
and 20 Mar 2009 - 27 Jan 2014. 9Mali
suspended 23 Mar - 24 Oct 2012, 19 Aug -
9 Oct 2020 and from 1 Jun 2021. 10Mauritania
suspended 4 Aug 2005 - 10 Apr 2007 and
9 Aug 2008 - 1 Jul 2009. 11Morocco
withdrew 12 Nov 1984; rejoined 31 Jan
2017. 12Niger suspended
19 Feb 2010 - 16 Mar 2011 and from 22 Aug
2023. 13The
Sudan suspended 6 Jun - 6 Sep 2019 and from 27
Oct 2021. 14Tanganyika
and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form United
Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed
Tanzania 1 Nov 1964. 15Togo
suspended 25 Feb - 27 May 2005. 16from
1984 Burkina Faso; suspended 18-26 Sep 2015
and from 31 Jan 2022. 17from 2018
Eswatini. 18Guinea-Bissau
suspended 17 Apr 2012 - 17 Jun 2014. 19from
2013 Cabo Verde. 20Comoros
suspended 20 Feb 1978 - 23 Feb 1979. 21Eritrea
suspended its participation 20 Nov 2009 -
17 Jan 2011. 22South
Sudan suspended 16 Jun - 14 Oct 2020 for dues
arrears.
|
Amazon Cooperation
Treaty Organization (ACTO)
3 Jul 1978
Amazon Cooperation
Treaty (ACT) signed.
25 Feb 1995
Amazon Cooperation Treaty
Organization (ACTO)(Organización del
Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica/Organização do
Tratado de
Cooperação
Amazônica [OTCA]).
13 Dec 2002
Permanent secretariat inaugurated.
Secretaries-general
2002 - 2004
Sergio Hugo Sánchez
Ballivián
(b. 1950)
(Bolivia)
(interim)
5 May 2004 - 2007
Rosalía Arteaga Serrano (f) (b.
1956)
(Ecuador)
2 Jul 2007 - Jul 2009 Francisco José
Ruiz Marmolejo (b.
1959)
(Colombia) (acting)
Jul 2009 - 1 Mar 2011 Manuel Ernesto
Picasso Botto
(Peru)
1 Mar 2011 - 1 Jul 2012
Alejandro Alfredo
Gordillo
(b. 1942)
Fernández
(Peru)
2 Jul 2012 - 15 Oct 2015 Robby Dewnarain Ramlakhan
(b. 1956)
(Suriname)
19 Oct 2015 - 7 Jan 2019 María
Jacqueline Mendoza
Ortega (f) (Venezuela)
7 Jan 2019
-
María Alexandra Moreira López
(f) (b. 1980)
(Bolivia)
Executive Directors
Feb 2016 - 1 Jan 2019 César
Augusto de Las Casas Díaz (b. 1958)
(Peru)
1 Jan 2019 -
Carlos Alfredo Lazary Teixeira (b.
1948)
(Brazil)
ACTO membership (8)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
3 Jul 1978
|
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Ecuador, Guyana,
Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
|
Andean Community
Adopted 12 Jul 2004
|
Community
website
|
Headquarters: Lima
(Peru); Andean Parliament: Bogotá
(Colombia)
|
CAN Day:
24 Jul (1783)
Día de la Integración Andina
(Andean Integration Day) [=Simon
Bolivar's birthday]
|
26 May
1969
Andean Pact (Acuerdo de Cartagena)
established.
25 Oct 1979
Andean Parliament (Parlamento
Andino) established.
10 Mar
1996
Renamed Andean Community (Comunidad Andina)(CAN).
1 Aug 1997
Secretariat established.
Secretaries-general
1 Aug 1997 - 7
Aug 2002 Sebastián Alegrett Ruiz (Venezuela)(b.
1942 - d. 2002)
19 Sep 2002 - 15 Jan
2004 Guillermo Fernández de
Soto (b. 1953)
(Colombia)
15 Jan 2004 - 28 Jul
2006 Edward Allan Wagner Tizón (Peru)
(b. 1942)
28 Jul 2006 - 1 Feb
2007 Alfredo Luis Fuentes Hernández
(b. 1949)
(Colombia) (acting)
1 Feb 2007 - 7 May 2010
Federico "Freddy" Ehlers Zurita
(b. 1945)
(Ecuador)
7 May 2010 – 18 Feb 2013 Adalid Contreras
Baspineiro
(Bolivia) (interim)
18 Feb 2013 - 1 Mar 2013 Ana María Tenenbaum
de Reátegui (f)(b. 1954)
(Peru) (acting)
1 Mar 2013 - 17 Jun 2013 Santiago Cembrano
Cabrejas
(Colombia) (interim)
17 Jun 2013 - 11 Jan 2016 Pablo Guzmán Laugier
(Bolivia) (b. 1957)
11 Jan 2016 - 17 Jun 2018 Walker San Miguel
Rodríguez (b. 1963)
(Bolivia)
17 Jun 2018 - 15 Oct 2018 Luz Marina Monroy
Acevedo (f)
(Colombia) (interim)
15 Oct 2018 - 11 Jan 2019 Héctor Quintero
Arredondo
(Colombia)
11 Jan 2019 - 23 May 2023 Jorge
Hernando Pedraza Gutiérrez (b. 1963)
(Colombia)
23 May 2023 - 1 Sep 2023 Diego Fernando
Caicedo Pinoargote
(Ecuador) (interim)
1 Sep 2023
-
Gonzalo Alfonso Gutiérrez Reinel (b. 1955)
(Peru)
Presidents of the Andean Parliament
Aug 1980 - Dec
1981 Héctor
Echeverri Correa (Colombia) (b. 1937 - d. 2012)
Dec 1981 - Mar
1983 Raúl
Oswaldo Baca Carbo (Ecuador) (b. 1931 - d. 2014)
Mar 1983 - May
1984 Godofredo
González González
(b. 1920 - d. 1990)
(Venezuela)
May 1984 - Dec
1984 Ricardo
Monteagudo (Peru) (b.
1923 - d. 2005)
28 Jul 1985 - 11 Dec 1985 Jorge Tadeo Lozano
Osorio (b. 1936 - d.
2013)
(Colombia)
Dec 1985 - Mar
1987 Julio
Garrett Ayllón (Bolivia) (b. 1925 - d.
2018)
Mar 1987 - Mar
1989 Humberto
Peláez Gutiérrez
(b. 1939 - d. 2020)
(Colombia)
Mar 1989 -
1990
Wilfrido Lucero Bolaños (Ecuador) (b. 1935 - d.
2022)
1990 - Sep
1992
Romualdo Gustavo Biaggi Rodríguez (b.
1923 - d. 2011)
(Peru)
Sep 1992 - Sep
1994 Paciano
José Padrón Valladares
(Venezuela)
Sep 1994 - Dec
1995 Victor
Hugo Cárdenas Conde
(b. 1951)
(Bolivia)
Dec 1995 - Dec
1997 Julio
César Turbay Quintero (b.
1949)
(Colombia)
Dec 1997 - Dec
1999 Heinz
Rodolfo Moeller Freile
(b. 1937)
(Ecuador)
Dec 1999 - May
2001 Óscar
Andrés Reggiardo Sayán (b.
1941)
(Peru)
May 2001 - Nov
2001 Luís
Juan Alva Castro (Peru) (b.
1942)
Nov 2001 - Nov 2003
Jhannett María Madriz Sotillo
(f) (b. 1964)
(Venezuela)
Nov 2003 - Nov 2005 Víctor
Enrique Urquidi Hodgkinson (b. 1951)
(Bolivia)
Nov 2005 - Nov 2007 Luis
Fernando Duque García
(b. 1952)
(Colombia)
26 Nov 2007 - Aug 2009 Ivonne Juez de
Abdel Baki (f) (b. 1952)
(Ecuador)
Aug 2009 - 23 Nov 2009 Fausto Rodrigo
Lupera Martínez (b.
1947)
(Ecuador)
23 Nov 2009 - 21 Jul 2010 Rosa Marina León Flores
(f)(Peru) (b. 1959)
21 Jul 2010 - 5 Aug 2011 Wilbert Bendezú
Carpio (Peru) (b. 1954)
5 Aug 2011 - 25 Jul 2012 Rebeca Elvira
Delgado Burgoa (f) (b. 1966)
(Bolivia)
25 Jul 2012 - 24 Jul 2013 Héctor
Helí Rojas Jimenez
(b. 1954)
(Colombia)
24 Jul 2013 - 14 Jul 2014 Pedro de la Cruz
(Ecuador)
14 Jul 2014 - 22 Jul 2015 Javier Edmundo Reátegui
Rosselló (b. 1944)
(Peru)
22 Jul 2015 - 23 Jul 2016 Luis Fernando Duque
García (b. 1952)
(Colombia)
23 Jul 2016 - 17 Jul 2017 Edith Mendoza Fernández
(f) (b. 1983)
(Bolivia)
17 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2018 Fernando Meza Moncada
(Chile) (b. 1946)
18 Jul 2018 - 27 Jul 2019 Hugo
Quiróz Vallejo (Ecuador) (b. 1963)
27 Jul 2019 - 23 Nov 2020 Víctor Rolando Sousa
Huanambal (b. 1961)
(Peru)
23 Nov 2020 - 29 Jul 2021 Gonzalo Adolfo Mendoza
Leigue (b. 1964)
(Bolivia)
29 Jul 2021 - 3 Aug 2022 Juan Pablo Letelier
Morel (Chile) (b. 1961)
3 Aug 2022 - 14 Jul 2023 Gloria Flórez
Schneider (f) (b. 1962)
(Colombia)
14 Jul 2023 -
Cristina Eugenia Reyes Hidalgo (f) (b. 1981)
(Ecuador)
Andean Community membership (4)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
26 May 1969 |
Bolivia, Chile1, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru2 |
13 Feb 1973 |
Venezuela3 |
1Chile
withdrew 30 Oct 1976. 2Peru membership
suspended at its own request 26 Aug 1992 - 4 Apr
1994, resumed full participation 25 Jun 1997.
3Venezuela
withdrew 22 Apr 2006; on 21 Feb 2020 the
disputed Guaidó government announced re-entry of
Venezuela.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of CAN (5)
|
7 Jul 2005
|
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay,
Uruguay
|
20 Sep 2006
|
Chile
|
Antarctic Treaty
-
- Adopted 20 Sep 2002
|
1 Dec
1959
"Antarctic
Treaty" signed.
23 Jun
1961
Antarctic Treaty comes into effect.
1 Sep
2004
Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ATS)
inaugurated.
Executive Secretaries of the Antarctic Treaty
Secretariat
1 Sep 2004 - 31 Aug 2009 Johannes
"Jan" Huber
(b. 1947)
(The Netherlands)
1 Sep 2009 - 31 Aug 2017 Manfred Reinke
(Germany)
(b. 1952)
1 Sep 2017
-
Albert Alexander Lluberas Bonaba
(Uruguay)
Antarctic Treaty membership (57)
Dates
of
Membership |
Member
Nations |
23 Jun 1961 |
Argentina, Australia,
Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand,
Norway, Poland, South Africa, Soviet Union1, United
Kingdom, United
States |
14 Jun 1962 |
Czechoslovakia2 |
20 May 1965 |
Denmark |
30 Mar 1967 |
The Netherlands |
15 Sep 1971 |
Romania |
19 Nov 1974 |
East Germany3 |
16 May 1975 |
Brazil |
11 Sep 1978 |
Bulgaria |
5 Feb 1979 |
West Germany3 |
11 Jan 1980 |
Uruguay |
16 Mar 1981 |
Papua New Guinea4 |
18 Mar 1981 |
Italy |
10 Apr 1981 |
Peru |
31 Mar 1982 |
Spain |
8 Jun 1983 |
China |
19 Aug 1983 |
India |
27 Jan 1984 |
Hungary |
24 Apr 1984 |
Sweden |
15 May 1984 |
Finland |
16 Aug 1984 |
Cuba |
28 Nov 1986 |
South Korea |
8 Jan 1987 |
Greece |
21 Jan 1987 |
North Korea |
25 Aug 1987 |
Austria |
15 Sep 1987 |
Ecuador |
4 May 1988 |
Canada |
31 Jan 1989 |
Colombia |
15 Nov 1990 |
Switzerland |
31 Jul 1991 |
Guatemala |
28 Oct 1992 |
Ukraine |
1 Jan 1993 |
Czech Republic,
Slovakia |
24 Jan 1996 |
Turkey5 |
24 Mar 1999 |
Venezuela |
17 May 2001 |
Estonia |
27 Dec 2006
|
Belarus
|
30 May 2008
|
Monaco
|
29 Jan 2010
|
Portugal
|
31 Oct 2011
|
Malaysia
|
1 Mar 2012
|
Pakistan
|
27 Jan 2015
|
Kazakhstan
|
23 Mar 2015
|
Mongolia
|
13 Oct 2015
|
Iceland
|
22 Apr 2019
|
Slovenia
|
11 Aug 2022
|
Costa Rica
|
14 Feb 2023
|
San Marino
|
22 May 2024
|
Saudi Arabia
|
1Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded
by Russia. 2Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan
1993 succeeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia. 3East
and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. 4date
of deposit of notification of succession by
Papua New Guinea; effective 16 Sep 1975 the date
of its independence. 5from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
|
Arab League
Adopted 1945
|
Arab
League website
|
Headquarters:
Cairo
(Egypt)
(Tunis, Tunisia
Jun 1979-Sep 1990) |
AL Day: 22
Mar (1945)
Arab League Day
|
22 Mar
1945
League of Arab States (Arab League)(Jami'a
ad-Duwal al-'Arabiyya)
established by the Alexandria Protocol (signed 7 Oct
1944).
1 Jan 2005
Greater Arab Free Trade Area
(GAFTA)(signed 1 Jan 1998), enters
into
force.
Secretaries-general
22 Mar 1945 - 14 Sep 1952 Abdel Rahman
Azzam
(Egypt)
(b. 1893 - d. 1976)
(27 Dec 1945-30 Jul 1952, Abdel Rahman Azzam Pasha)
14 Sep 1952 - 1 Jun 1972 Abdel
Khaliq Hassuna (Egypt)
(b. 1898 - d. 1992)
1 Jun 1972 - 24 Mar 1979 Mahmoud
Riad (Egypt)
(b.
1917 - d. 1992)
24 Mar 1979 - 28 Jun 1979 Vacant
28 Jun 1979 - 3 Sep 1990 Chedli Klibi
(Tunisia)
(b. 1925 - d. 2020)
4 Sep 1990 - 15 May 1991 Assad
al-Assad (Lebanon) (interim) (b. 1920)
15 May 1991 - 15 May 2001 Esmat Abdel
Meguid (Egypt)
(b. 1923 - d. 2013)
15 May 2001 - 1 Jul 2011 Amr Moussa
(Egypt)
(b. 1936)
1 Jul 2011 - 1 Jul 2016 Nabil al-Arabi
(Egypt)
(b. 1935 - d. 2024)
1 Jul 2016
-
Ahmed Aboul Gheit
(Egypt)
(b. 1942)
Arab League membership (22)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
22 Mar 1945 |
Egypt1, Iraq,
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria2,
Transjordan3,
Yemen (Sana)4 |
28 Mar 1953 |
Libya5 |
19 Jan 1956 |
The Sudan |
1 Jan 1958 |
Tunisia |
1 Oct 1958 |
Morocco |
20 Jul 1961 |
Kuwait |
16 Aug 1962 |
Algeria |
12 Dec 1967 |
Yemen (Aden)4 |
11 Sep 1971 |
Bahrain, Qatar |
29 Sep 1971 |
Oman |
6 Dec 1971 |
United Arab Emirates |
26 Nov 1973 |
Mauritania |
14 Feb 1974 |
Somalia |
9 Sep 1976 |
Palestine Liberation
Organization5 |
4 Sep 1977 |
Djibouti |
20 Nov 1993 |
Comoros |
1Egypt
suspended 26 Mar 1979 - 23 May 1989. 2Syria
merged with Egypt to form United Arab Republic
22 Feb 1958; seceded from U.A.R. 29 Sep 1961 and
rejoined Arab League 28 Oct 1961; suspended 16
Nov 2011 - 7 May 2023; seat given
to Syrian National Coalition 6 Mar 2013
- 9 Mar 2014. 3from
1946 Jordan. 4Yemen
(Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united in 1990 as Yemen.
5Libya announced its
withdrawal 24 Oct 2002; this would be effective
one year later; Libya canceled (16 Jan 2003),
reaffirmed (3 Apr 2003), and again canceled (25
May 2003) the decision to withdraw; suspended 22
Feb 2011 - 25 Aug 2011. 5from
15 Nov 1988 State of Palestine.
|
Arab Maghreb Union
(AMU)
-
- Former Flag 1990 - ....
|
-
- Current AMU Flag
|
AMU
website
|
Secretariat: Rabat
(Morocco);
Advisory Council: Algiers;
Maghreb Bank: Tunis;
Judicial Instance: Nouakchott
|
17 Feb
1989
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)(Ittihad al-Maghrib
al-'Arabi/
Union du Maghreb Arabe).
Jul 2008 -
Organization largely dormant.
Secretaries-general
23 Oct 1991 - 26 Feb 2002 Mohamed Amamou
(Tunisia)
(b. 1933 - d. 2014)
26 Feb 2002 - 1 Feb 2006 Habib
Boularès
(Tunisia)
(b. 1933 - d. 2014)
(= Habib Bulearaas)
1 Feb 2006 - 5 May 2016 Habib
Ben Yahia
(Tunisia)
(b. 1938)
5 May 2016 -
Taïeb Baccouche
(Tunisia)
(b. 1944)
(= Tayeb El Backouche)
(acting from 1 Aug 2022)
AMU membership (5)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
17 Feb 1989 |
Algeria, Libya, Mauritania,
Morocco, Tunisia |
Arctic Council
-
- Flag
|
-
- Variant
|
19 Sep 1996
Arctic Council established by the Ottawa Declaration.
17 Sep 1998
Inauguration of the council.
1 Feb 2013
Permanent secretariat inaugurated.
Directors of the Arctic Council
1 Feb 2013 - 2017 Magnús
Jóhannesson (Iceland) (b. 1942)
Oct 2017 - Aug 2021
Nina Buvang Vaaja (f)(Norway)
(b. 1973)
(acting to 25 Oct 2017)
Sep 2021
-
Mathieu Parker (Canada)
Arctic Council membership (8)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
19 Sep 1996 |
Canada, Denmark (with
Greenland and Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland,
Norway, Russia1,
Sweden, United States |
1meetings
paused during Russian chairmanship
3 Mar 2022 - 11 May 2023; from 3 Mar
2023 co-operation with Russia suspended.
|
|
Date of
Admission |
Permanent Participants (6)
|
19 Sep 1996
|
Inuit Circumpolar Council,
Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the
North, Saami Council
|
18 Sep 1998
|
Aleut International
Association |
12 Oct 2000
|
Arctic Athabaskan Council, Gwich'in
Council International |
Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC)
-
- 1991 - Jul 2007
|
-
- Adopted Jul 2007
|
APEC website
|
Headquarters:
Singapore
(Singapore)
|
6 Nov
1989
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) founded.
12 Feb
1993
Secretariat inaugurated.
Executive Directors
12 Feb 1993 -
1994
William Bodde, Jr. (U.S.)
(b. 1931 - d. 2020)
1994 -
1995
Rusli Noor (Indonesia)
(b. 1927)
1995 -
1996
Shōjirō Imanishi (Japan)
(b. 1940)
1996 -
1997
Armando Quizon
Madamba
(b. 1938)
(The Philippines)
1997 -
1998
Jack Alexander Whittleton (Canada) (b. 1940?)
1998 - 4 Jan
1999
Dato' Noor Adlan
(Malaysia)
(b. 1939)
4 Jan 1999 - 4 Jan 2000
Timothy James Hannah (New Zealand) (b. 1939)
4 Jan 2000 - 1 Jan 2001
Serbini Ali (Brunei Darussalam)
(b. 1955)
1 Jan 2001 - 1 Jan 2002 Zhang
Yan
(China)
(b. 1950)
1 Jan 2002 - 1 Jan 2003
Alejandro de la Peña
Navarrete (b. 1951)
(Mexico)
1 Jan 2003 - 1 Jan 2004
Piamsak Milintachinda (Thailand) (b.
1950)
1 Jan 2004 - 1 Jan 2005 Mario
Hernán Artaza Rouxel (Chile) (b. 1937)
1 Jan 2005 - 1 Jan 2006 Choi
Seok Young (South
Korea) (b. 1955)
1 Jan 2006 - 1 Jan 2007 Tran
Trong Toan
(Vietnam)
(b. 1952)
1 Jan 2007 - 1 Jan 2008 Colin
S. Heseltine (Australia)
(b. 1947)
1 Jan 2008 - 1 Jan 2009 Juan Carlos
Capuñay Chávez (Peru) (b. 1949)
1 Jan 2009 - 1 Jan 2010 Michael Tay
(Singapore)
(b. 1959)
1 Jan 2010 - 1 Jan 2013 Dato Muhamad
Noor Yacob (Malaysia) (b. 1951)
1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2018 Alan Bollard (New
Zealand)
(b. 1951)
1 Jan 2019 -
Tan Sri Datuk Rebecca Fatima Sta
(b. 1958)
Maria (f)(Malaysia)
APEC membership (21)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Economies |
6 Nov 1989 |
Australia, Brunei
Darussalam, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Republic
of Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, The
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, United States |
12 Nov 1991 |
China, Hong Kong, Chinese
Taipei (Taiwan) |
17 Nov 1993 |
Mexico, Papua New Guinea |
11 Nov 1994 |
Chile |
14 Nov 1998 |
Peru, Russia, Vietnam |
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
-
- ADB Former Flag
|
-
- ADB Current Flag
|
22 Aug
1966
Asian Development Bank (ADB) established.
19 Dec 1966
Operations begin.
Presidents (all from Japan except as
noted)
24 Nov 1966 - 24 Nov 1972 Takeshi
Watanabe
(b. 1906 - d. 2010)
25 Nov 1972 - 23 Nov 1976 Shirō
Inoue
(b. 1915 - d. 2010)
24 Nov 1976 - 23 Nov 1981 Tarōichi
Yoshida
(b. 1919 - d. 2014)
24 Nov 1981 - 23 Nov 1989 Masao
Fujioka
(b. 1924 - d. 2021)
24 Nov 1989 - 23 Nov 1993 Kimimasa
Tarumizu
(b. 1930 - d. 2009)
24 Nov 1993 - 15 Jan 1999 Mitsuo Satō
(b. 1933 - d. 2002)
16 Jan 1999 - 31 Jan 2005 Tadao
Chino
(b. 1934 - d. 2008)
1 Feb 2005 - 18 Mar
2013 Haruhiko
Kuroda
(b. 1944)
18 Mar 2013 - 28 Apr 2013 Bindu
N. Lohani (Nepal)(acting) (b. 1948)
28 Apr 2013 - 17 Jan 2020
Takehiko Nakao
(b. 1956)
17 Jan 2020
-
Masatsugu
Asakawa
(b. 1958)
ADB membership (69)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
22 Aug 1966 |
Afghanistan, Belgium,
Canada, Denmark, Finland, India, Japan,
Malaysia, Nepal, Norway, Pakistan, The
Philippines, South Korea,
Thailand, United States, Western Samoa1 |
29 Aug 1966
|
The Netherlands
|
30 Aug 1966
|
(West) Germany, Laos
|
21 Sep 1966
|
Singapore
|
22 Sep 1966
|
Vietnam2,
Taiwan3
|
26 Sep 1966
|
United Kingdom
|
29 Sep 1966
|
Ceylon4,
Sweden
|
29 Sep 1966
|
Austria, New Zealand
|
30 Sep 1966
|
Cambodia, Italy
|
24 Nov 1966
|
Indonesia
|
19 Dec 1966
|
Australia
|
31 Dec 1967 |
Switzerland |
27 Mar 1969 |
Hong Kong |
2 Apr 1970 |
Fiji |
27 Jul 1970
|
France
|
8 Apr 1971
|
Papua New Guinea
|
29 Mar 1972 |
Tonga |
14 Mar 1973
|
Bangladesh
|
26 Apr 1973
|
Burma5
|
30 Apr 1973
|
Solomon Islands
|
28 May 1974 |
Gilbert and Ellice Islands67 |
20 Apr 1976 |
Cook Islands |
14 Feb 1978 |
Maldives |
15 Apr 1982 |
Bhutan, Vanuatu |
14 Feb 1986 |
Spain |
10 Mar 1986
|
China
|
4 Apr 1990
|
Marshall Islands
|
26 Apr 1990 |
Federated States of
Micronesia |
15 Apr 1991 |
Turkey7 |
17 Sep 1991
|
Nauru
|
22 Feb 1991
|
Mongolia
|
3 May 1993 |
Tuvalu |
19 Jan 1994 |
Kazakhstan |
13 Apr 1994
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
31 Aug 1995 |
Uzbekistan |
20 Apr 1998 |
Tajikistan |
22 Dec 1999 |
Azerbaijan |
31 Aug 2000 |
Turkmenistan |
2 Apr 2002 |
Portugal |
23 Jul 2002 |
East Timor8 |
25 Sep 2003 |
Luxembourg |
29 Dec 2003 |
Palau |
20 Sep 2005 |
Armenia |
27 Apr 2006 |
Brunei Darussalam |
24 Jul 2006 |
Ireland |
2 Feb 2007
|
Georgia
|
11 Mar 2019
|
Niue
|
27 Sep 2024 |
Israel
|
1from
1997 Samoa. 2Republic
of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of
South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist
Republic of Vietnam; succession recognized by
the ADB on 23 Sep 1976 retroactive to 2 Jul
1976. 3upon the
admission of the People's Republic of China on
10 Mar 1986 the Republic of China
(Taiwan) was re-designated "Taipei, China" and
continues its membership under that designation.
4from 1972 Sri Lanka. 5from
1989 Myanmar. 6in
1975 Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu) separated
from the Gilbert Islands which alone remained a
member of the Bank; from 1979 Gilbert Islands
renamed Kiribati. 7from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
8from
2003 Timor-Leste. |
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
(AIIB)
24 Oct
2014
Memorandum of understanding on establishing an
Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank signed creating the
Multilateral Interim Secretariat.
25 Dec 2015
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
(AIIB)(entry into force
of the Articles of Agreement).
16 Jan 2016
Operations begin.
Secretary-general
of the Multilateral Interim Secretariat
24 Oct 2014 - 16 Jan
2016 Jin Liqun
(China)
(b. 1949)
President
16 Jan 2016 -
Jin Liqun
(China)
(s.a.)
AIIB membership (98)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
25 Dec 2015
|
Australia, Austria, Brunei
Darussalam, China, Georgia, Germany,
Jordan,
South Korea, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Myanmar, The
Netherlands, Norway,
Pakistan, Singapore, United
Kingdom
|
28 Dec 2015
|
Russia
|
4 Jan 2016
|
Maldives
|
7 Jan 2016
|
Finland, Malta
|
11 Jan 2016
|
India
|
13 Jan 2016
|
Nepal
|
14 Jan 2016
|
Indonesia
|
15 Jan 2016
|
Denmark, Israel,
Laos, Turkey1, United
Arab Emirates
|
16 Jan 2016
|
Tajikistan
|
19 Feb 2016
|
Saudi Arabia
|
4 Mar 2016
|
Iceland
|
22 Mar 2016
|
Bangladesh
|
11 Apr 2016
|
Kyrgyzstan, Vietnam
|
18 Apr 2016
|
Kazakhstan
|
25 Apr 2016
|
Switzerland
|
17 May 2016
|
Cambodia
|
15 Jun 2016
|
Poland
|
16 Jun 2016
|
France
|
20 Jun 2016
|
Thailand |
21 Jun 2016
|
Oman
|
22 Jun 2016
|
Sri Lanka |
23 Jun 2016
|
Sweden
|
24 Jun 2016
|
Azerbaijan, Qatar
|
13 Jul 2016
|
Italy
|
4 Aug 2016
|
Egypt
|
30 Nov 2016
|
Uzbekistan
|
28 Dec 2016
|
The Philippines
|
16 Jan 2017
|
Iran
|
8 Feb 2017
|
Portugal
|
27 Mar 2017
|
Malaysia
|
13 May 2017
|
Ethiopia
|
7 Jun 2017
|
Hong Kong
|
16 Jun 2017
|
Hungary
|
13 Oct 2017
|
Afghanistan
|
23 Oct 2017
|
Ireland
|
22 Nov 2017
|
Timor-Leste
|
11 Dec 2017
|
Fiji
|
19 Dec 2017
|
Spain
|
6 Mar 2018
|
Vanuatu
|
19 Mar 2018
|
Canada
|
3 Apr 2018 |
Samoa |
27 Jun 2018
|
Cyprus, Madagascar
|
27 Aug 2018
|
Bahrain
|
13 Sep 2018
|
The Sudan
|
28 Dec 2018
|
Romania
|
17 Jan 2019
|
Belarus
|
10 Jul 2019
|
Belgium
|
12 Jul 2019
|
Guinea
|
15 Aug 2019
|
Serbia
|
20 Aug 2019
|
Greece
|
1 Nov 2019
|
Ecuador
|
27 Dec 2019
|
Algeria |
21 Feb 2020
|
Ghana
|
26 Feb 2020
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
16 Apr 2020
|
Rwanda
|
28 Apr 2020
|
Uruguay
|
25 May 2020
|
Benin
|
1 Jun 2020
|
Cook Islands
|
2 Nov 2020
|
Brazil
|
4 Jan 2021
|
Liberia
|
5 Jan 2021
|
Tonga
|
30 Mar 2021
|
Argentina
|
2 Jul 2021
|
Chile
|
17 Dec 2021
|
Croatia
|
14 Jan 2022
|
Peru
|
29 Apr 2022
|
Tunisia
|
4 May 2022
|
Morocco
|
4 Aug 2022
|
Iraq
|
12 Sep 2023
|
Libya
|
24 Nov 2023
|
South Africa
|
19 Dec 2023
|
Togo
|
13 May 2024
|
Papua New Guinea
|
4 Sep 2024
|
Kenya
|
5 Sep 2024
|
Djibouti
|
1from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
|
Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
ACS website
|
Headquarters: Port of
Spain (Trinidad and Tobago)
|
24 Jul 1994
"Treaty
of Association of Caribbean States" signed.
4 Aug
1995
Association of Caribbean States (ACS)(Asociación de
Estados
del
Caribe/Association des États de la Caraïbe).
Secretaries-general
1995 - 2000
Germán Simón Molina Duarte
(b. c.1934 - d. 2012)
(Venezuela)
2000 - 2004
Norman Girvan (Jamaica)
(b. 1941 - d. 2014)
1 Mar 2004 - 29 Feb 2008 Rubén Arturo Silié
Valdez (b. 1946)
(Dominican
Republic)
1 Mar 2008 - 11 Apr 2012 Luis Fernando Andrade
Falla (b. 1963)
(Guatemala)
12 Apr 2012 - 31 Jul 2016 Alfonso Múnera Cavadía
(Colombia) (b. 1954)
1 Aug 2016 - 1 Nov 2020 June Soomer (f)
(Saint Lucia)
1 Nov 2020
-
Rodolfo R. Sabonge (Panama) (b.
c.1953)
ACS membership (25)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations
|
4 Aug 1995
|
Antigua and Barbuda,
The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,
Cuba, Dominica,
Grenada, Guyana,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela
|
16 Jan 1996
|
Dominican Republic |
18 Apr 1996
|
Panama
|
24 May 1996
|
Guatemala
|
28 May 1996
|
El Salvador
|
2 Oct 1996
|
Colombia
|
7 Dec 1998
|
Haiti
|
25 Jan 1999
|
Nicaragua
|
17 Feb 1999
|
Costa Rica
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of ACS (12)
|
18 Feb 1998
|
France1 |
2 Nov 2001
|
Netherlands Antilles2 |
1 Jan 2003
|
Aruba
|
28 Mar 2006
|
Turks and Caicos
|
20 Feb 2013
|
Curaçao
|
14 Feb 2014
|
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Sint
Maarten, The Netherlands3
|
4 Jun 2016
|
Saint Martin
|
16 Mar 2018
|
British Virgin Islands
|
19 Jun 2020
|
Montserrat4
|
1France
on behalf of French Guiana and (from 21 Feb
2007) Saint Barthélemy (and 18
Feb 1998-14 Feb 2014 for Guadeloupe
and Martinique, and
for Saint Martin 21 Feb 2007-4 Jun 2016). 2Netherlands
Antilles dissolved 10 Oct 2010.
3The Netherlands on
behalf of Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius. 4needs
to deposit instrument of ratification. |
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN)
-
- 1971 - 23 Jul 1994
|
-
- 23 Jul 1994 - 31 May 1997
|
-
- Adopted 31 May 1997
|
8 Aug
1967
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) created.
24 Feb 1976
Secretariat established.
Secretaries-general
7 Jun 1976 - 18 Feb 1978 Hartono R.
Dharsono (Indonesia) (b. 1925 - d.
1996)
19 Feb 1978 - 10 Jul 1978 Umarjadi
Notowijono (Indonesia) (b. 1910 - d. ....)
10 Jul 1978 - 30 Jun 1980 Datuk Ali bin Abdullah
(Malaysia) (b. 1922)
1 Jul 1980 - 1 Jul 1982 Narciso G.
Reyes (The Philippines) (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
18 Jul 1982 - 15 Jul 1984 Chan Kai Yau
(Singapore)
(b. 1930)
16 Jul 1984 - 15 Jul 1986 Phan Wannamethee
(Thailand) (b.
1923)
16 Jul 1986 - 16 Jul 1989 Roderick Yong
(Brunei)
(b. 1933?)
17 Jul 1989 - 1 Jan 1993 Rusli Noor
(Indonesia)
(b. 1927)
1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1997 Datuk Ajit Singh
(Malaysia) (b.
1938)
1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 2002 Rodolfo Certeza
Severino (b. 1936 -
d. 2019)
(The Philippines)
1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2007 Ong Keng Yong
(Singapore)
(b. 1954)
1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2012 Surin Pitsuwan
(Thailand)
(b. 1949 - d. 2017)
1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2017 Le Luong Minh
(Vietnam)
(b. 1952)
1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2022 Dato' Paduka Lim
Jock Hoi (b.
1951)
(Brunei Darussalam)
1 Jan 2023 -
Kao Kim Hourn (Cambodia)
(b. 1966)
ASEAN membership (10)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
8 Aug 1967 |
Indonesia, Malaysia, The
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand |
7 Jan 1984 |
Brunei Darussalam |
28 Jul 1995 |
Vietnam |
23 Jul 1997 |
Laos, Myanmar |
30 Apr 1999 |
Cambodia |
Bank for International Settlements
(BIS)
BIS website
|
Headquarters: Basel
(Switzerland)
(20 May - 7 Oct 1940,
Chateau-d'Oex, Switzerland)
|
20 Jan 1930
"Convention Respecting the Bank
for International
Settlements" signed.
26 Feb 1930
Bank for
International Settlements (BIS) founded.
20 May 1930
Founding banks subscribe first share
issue.
10 Jul 1939 - 9 Dec 1946 Board of
directors suspends operations.
1 Sep 1939 - 15 Aug 1945 Bank agrees
"to undertake only such operations as are
irreproachable from point of view both the
belligerent
and
of other countries."
General managers
23 Apr 1930 - 8 Sep 1937 Pierre
Quesnay
(France)
(b. 1895 - d. 1937)
8 Sep 1937 - 31 Dec 1937
Paul Hechler (Germany) (acting) (b. 1885 – d.
1945)
1 Jan 1938 - 30 Sep 1958 Roger Auboin
(France)
(b. 1891 - d. 1974)
1 Oct 1958 - 30 Apr 1963 Guillaume
Guindey
(France)
(b. 1909 - d. 1989)
1 May 1963 - 23 Dec 1970 Gabriel
Ferras
(France)
(b. 1913 - d. 1970)
1 May 1971 - 28 Feb 1981 René
Larre
(France)
(b. 1915 - d. 1999)
1 Mar 1981 - 30 Apr 1985 Günther
Schleiminger (W. Germany) (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
1 May 1985 - 31 Dec 1993 Alexandre
Lamfalussy (Belgium) (b. 1929 - d.
2015)
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Mar 2003 Andrew Duncan
Crockett (U.K.) (b. 1943 -
d. 2012)
1 Apr 2003 - 30 Sep 2008 Malcolm D.
Knight
(Canada)
(b. 1944)
1 Oct 2008 - 31 Mar 2009 Hervé
Hannoun (France) (acting) (b. 1950)
1 Apr 2009 - 30 Nov 2017 Jaime Caruana
(Spain)
(b. 1952)
1 Dec 2017 -
Agustín Guillermo Carstens (Mexico)(b. 1958)
Presidents of the Bank
22 Apr 1930 - 8 May 1933 Gates White
McGarrah (U.S.) (b.
1863 - d. 1940)
8 May 1933 - 13 May 1935 Leon Fraser
(U.S.)
(b. 1889 - d. 1945)
13 May 1935 - 3 May 1937 Leonardus
Jacobus Anthonius Trip (b. 1876 - d.
1947)
(The Netherlands)
3 May 1937 - 31 Dec 1939 Johan Willem
Beyen
(b. 1897 - d. 1976)
(The Netherlands)
1 Jan 1940 - 30 Jun 1946 Thomas
Harrington McKittrick (U.S.)(b. 1889 - d. 1970)
30 Jun 1946 - 1 Jul 1958 Maurice Frère
(Belgium) (b.
1890 - d. 1970)
(chairman to 14 Jun 1948)
1 Jul 1958 - Jun 1967 Marius
Wilhelm
Holtrop
(b. 1902 - d. 1988)
(The Netherlands)
Jul 1967 - Dec
1981 Jelle
Zijlstra (The Netherlands) (b. 1918 - d. 2001)
Jan 1982 - Dec 1984
Fritz Leutwiler (Switzerland) (b. 1924
- d. 1997)
Jan 1985 - Dec
1987 Jean
Godeaux
(Belgium)
(b. 1922 - d. 2009)
Jan 1988 - Dec 1990
Willem "Wim" Frederik Duisenberg
(b. 1935 - d. 2005)
(The Netherlands) (1st time)
Jan 1991 - Dec 1993
Bengt Dennis (Sweden)
(b. 1930)
Jan 1994 - Jun 1997
Willem "Wim" Frederik
Duisenberg (s.a.)
(The Netherlands) (2nd time)
Jul 1997 - Feb 1999
Alfons "Fons" Remi Emiel Verplaetse(b. 1930 - d. 2020)
(Belgium)
Mar 1999 - Feb
2002 Urban
Bäckström
(Sweden)
(b. 1954)
Mar 2002 - 27 Jun 2005 Arnout "Nout"
Henricus Elisabeth (b. 1943)
Maria Wellink (The Netherlands)
Chairmen of the Board of Directors
27 Jun 2005 - Feb 2006 Arnout
"Nout" Henricus Elisabeth
(s.a.)
Maria Wellink (The Netherlands)
Mar 2006 - Feb 2009 Jean-Pierre
Roth (Switzerland) (b. 1946)
Mar 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Guillermo
Ortiz Martínez (Mexico) (b. 1948)
1 Jan 2010 - 7 Mar 2010 Hans Tietmeyer
(Germany) (acting) (b. 1931 - d. 2016)
8 Mar 2010 - 31 Oct 2015 Christian Noyer
(France) (b. 1950)
1 Nov 2015 - 31 Dec 2021 Jens Weidmann
(Germany) (b.
1968)
1 Jan 2022 -
François Villeroy de
Galhau (b. 1959)
(France)
BIS membership (63)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Central Banks and Monetary Authorities |
20 May 1930
|
Belgium, France, Germany1, Italy,
Japan2,
The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, United
Kingdom, United States3
|
25 Jun 1930
|
Austria4, Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia5,
Danzig6,
Denmark, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania
|
31 Oct 1930
|
Estonia7
|
30 Dec 1930
|
Latvia7
|
31 Mar 1931
|
Lithuania7
|
30 Apr 1931
|
Albania8
|
30 May 1931
|
Norway
|
28 Jun 1931
|
Yugoslavia9
|
28 Nov 1950
|
Iceland
|
5 Dec 1950
|
Ireland
|
10 Jan 1951
|
Portugal
|
24 May 1951
|
Turkey10 |
28 Dec 1960
|
Spain
|
2 Jan 1970
|
Canada
|
31 Dec 1970
|
Australia
|
30 Jun 1971
|
South Africa
|
14 Jun 1993
|
Czech Republic, Slovakia
|
1 Nov 1996
|
China, Hong Kong, India,
Mexico, Russia12, Saudi
Arabia, Singapore
|
14 Jun 1997
|
South Korea
|
25 May 1997
|
Brazil
|
30 May 1997
|
Croatia, Macedonia12, Slovenia
|
31 Dec 1997
|
Bosnia-Hercegovina
|
9 Jan 1999
|
European Central Bank
|
24 Dec 1999
|
Malaysia
|
1 Mar 2000
|
Thailand
|
28 Mar 2000
|
Argentina
|
10 Jun 2001
|
Yugoslavia (Federal Republic
of)13
|
28 Jul 2003
|
Algeria
|
15 Aug 2003
|
New Zealand
|
18 Sep 2003
|
The Philippines
|
26 Sep 2003
|
Chile
|
29 Sep 2003
|
Indonesia
|
30 Sep 2003
|
Israel
|
15 Jul 2011
|
Luxembourg
|
22 Jul 2011
|
Peru |
16 Dec 2011
|
United Arab Emirates
|
19 Dec 2011
|
Colombia
|
20 Feb 2020
|
Morocco
|
24 Feb 2020
|
Kuwait |
13 Oct 2020
|
Vietnam
|
1Germany suspended
9 Dec 1946 - 3 Apr 1950; from 3 Apr 1950, Federal
Republic of Germany.
2Japan suspended
9
Dec 1946 - 26 Dec 1952; withdrew 26 Dec 1952,
rejoined 2 Jan 1970. 3U.S.A. did
not take seat on board of
directors until 13 Sep 1994. 4Austria annexed
to Germany 14 Mar 1938 - 27 Apr 1945. 5Czechoslovakia
voting rights suspended May 1939-1945;
dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on
1 Jan 1993 membership succeeded
by Czech Republic and Slovakia.
6Danzig
Free
City annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7
Apr 1945, then to Poland; on 11 Jun 1979 Danzig
issue of shares are cancelled. 7Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania shareholdership and membership
deactivated Jul 1940 - 30 Jun 1992. 8Albania withdrew
1977; 1,000 shares of the Albanian issue suspended
and held in treasury. 9on 11 Jun
2001 original Yugoslavia shares canceled and new
shares issued for central banks of
Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia,
and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 10from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
11Central
Bank of the Russian Federation suspended from 10
Mar 2022. 12as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to
2019; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia. 13Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia suspended
1992 - 10 Jun 2001, re-admitted 10 Jun
2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and
Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.
|
Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)
-
- 1994 - 1999 Unofficial
|
-
- Adopted 1999
|
25 Jun 1992
Black Sea
Economic Cooperation (BSEC) founded.
1 May 1999
Organization of the Black Sea
Economic Cooperation (BSEC).
Directors
1992 - 1997
Yevgeniy Georgiyevich
Kutovoy (b. 1932)
(Russia)
1997 - 1 May 1999
Vassil Ivanov Baytchev (Bulgaria)
(b. 1948)
Secretaries-general
1 May 1999 - 1 May 2000 Vassil Ivanov
Baytchev (Bulgaria) (s.a.)
1 May 2000 - 31 Oct 2004 Valeriy
Chechelashvili (Georgia) (b. 1961)
1 Nov 2004 - 30 Apr 2006 Tedo
Japaridze (Georgia) (b.
1946)
1 May 2006 - 30 Jun 2012 Leonídas
Chrysanthópoulos (Greece) (b. 1946)
1 Jul 2012 - 30 Jun 2015 Victor Tvircun
(Moldova) (b.
1955)
1 Jul 2015 - 30 Jun 2021 Michaíl Christídis
(Greece) (b. 1949)
1 Jul 2021
-
Lazăr Comănescu
(Romania)
(b. 1949)
BSEC membership (13)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
25 Jun 1992
|
Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Turkey1,
Ukraine
|
14 Apr 2004
|
Serbia and Montenegro2
|
9 Nov 2020
|
North Macedonia
|
1from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. 2succeeded by
Serbia on 5 Jun 2006.
|
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
Adopted 4 Jul 1984
|
CARICOM
website
|
Headquarters:
Georgetown (Guyana)
|
CARICOM Day:
1st Monday in July
CARICOM Day
|
1 Aug
1973
Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
inaugurated.
Secretaries-general of Caribbean
Community and Common Market
1973 - 1974
William
Demas
(b. 1929 - d. 1998)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
1974 - Aug
1977
Sir Alister McIntyre (Grenada)
(b. 1932 - d. 2019)
Aug 1977 - Nov
1978 Joseph
Adolphus Tyndall (Guyana) (b. 1927)
(acting)
1 Nov 1978 - Sep
1983 Kurleigh King
(Barbados)
(b. 1933 - d. 1998)
Sep 1983 - 31 Jul 1992
Roderick Rainford
(Jamaica) (b.
1940)
1 Aug 1992 - 31 Dec 2010 Edwin
Wilberforce
Carrington (b. 1938)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
1 Jan 2011 - 15 Aug 2011
Lolita Janet Applewhaite (f)
(Barbados)
(acting)
15 Aug 2011 - 15 Aug 2021 Irwin
LaRocque
(Dominica)
(b. 1955)
15 Aug 2021 -
Carla Natalie Barnett
(f)(Belize) (b. 1958)
CARICOM membership (15)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
1 Aug 1973 |
Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica,
Trinidad and Tobago |
1 May 1974 |
Belize, Dominica, Grenada,
Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines |
4 Jul 1974 |
Antigua1 |
26 Jul 1974 |
Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla2 |
4 Jul 1983 |
The Bahamas3 |
4 Jul 1995 |
Suriname |
5 Jul 2002 |
Haiti4 |
1from
1981 Antigua and Barbuda. 2from
1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis. 3member
of the community but not the common market. 4Haiti
admitted on 4 Jul 1997, but did not deposit
instrument of accession until 5 Jul 2002;
suspended 29 Feb 2004 - 7 Jun 2006. |
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Members of Caricom (6)
|
2 Jul 1991
|
British Virgin Islands,
Turks and Caicos
|
4 Jul 1999
|
Anguilla
|
12 May 2002
|
Cayman Islands
|
2 Jul 2003
|
Bermuda
|
28 Jul 2024
|
Curaçao
|
CARIFTA (1965 - 1973)
15 Dec 1965
Caribbean Free Trade Association
(CARIFTA) signed (CARIFTA ceases
to exist when remaining members acceded to CARICOM
on 1 May
1974).
1 May 1968
CARIFTA and Commonwealth Caribbean
Regional secretariat organized.
1
Aug
1973
Merged into the Caribbean Community and Common
Market (CARICOM).
Secretaries-general of the Caribbean
Free Trade Association
1968 -
1969
Frederick Lloyd Cozier (Barbados) (b. 1920 - d.
2014)
1969 - 1973
William
Demas
(b. 1929 - d. 1998)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
CARIFTA membership 1965-1973
Date of
Admission |
Members of
CARIFTA |
18 Dec 1965
|
Antigua, Barbados2,
Guyana2 |
1 May 1968 |
Trinidad and Tobago2 |
1 Jul 1968
|
Dominica, Grenada, Saint
Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines
|
1 Aug 1968
|
Jamaica2,
Montserrat
|
1 May 1971
|
British Honduras1
|
1from
1 Jun 1973 Belize. 2left
to join CARICOM 1 Aug 1973.
|
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
to 2007
|
Adopted 2007
|
26 Jan 1970
Caribbean Development Bank (signed 18
Oct 1969).
Presidents
31 Jan 1970 - 1973 Sir
William Arthur Lewis
(b. 1915 - d. 1991)
(Saint Lucia)
1974 - 1988
William Demas (Trinidad and Tobago)(b. 1929
- d. 1998)
1988 - 30 Apr 2001 Sir Neville
Vernon Nicholls (b. 1933)
(Barbados)
1 May 2001 - 30 Apr 2011 Compton D. Bourne
(Guyana) (b. 1943)
1 May 2011 - 30 Apr 2021 William
Warren Smith (Jamaica) (b. 1952?)
4 May 2021 -
Hyginus "Gene" Leon (Saint
Lucia)
CDB membership (28)
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations
|
26 Jan 1970
|
Barbados, British Honduras1,
Canada, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana,
Jamaica, Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla2,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago,
Turks and Caicos, United Kingdom
|
28 Jan 1970
|
The Bahamas, Montserrat
|
30 Jan 1970
|
Antigua3, British
Virgin Islands
|
25 Apr 1973
|
Venezuela
|
22 Nov 1974
|
Colombia
|
4 May 1982
|
Anguilla
|
7 May 1982
|
Mexico
|
11 May 1984
|
France4
|
2 Nov 1988
|
Italy
|
27 Oct 1989
|
Germany
|
20 Jan 1998
|
China
|
19 Jan 2007
|
Haiti
|
12 Dec
2013
|
Suriname
|
31 Dec 2015
|
Brazil
|
1from
1973 Belize. 2from
1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis; Anguilla ceased to
apply the Agreement as part of St.
Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla on 19 Dec 1980 and
became a member in its own right 4 May 1982. 3from
1981 Antigua and Barbuda. 4France
withdrew 27 Oct 2000.
|
Central American Integration System
(SICA)
1991 - 1999
|
1999 - 2000
|
2000 - 2013
|
Adopted 2013
|
|
|
SICA website
|
Headquarters:
San Salvador
(El Salvador) |
Hear SICA Anthem
"La Granadera"
Adopted 27 Oct 1993
|
SICA Day: 14
Oct (1951)
Día de la
Integración
Centroamericana
|
13 Dec 1991
Central American Integration
System (Sistema de la Integración
Centroamericana)(SICA) founded.
1 Feb 1993
Secretariat inaugurated.
Secretaries-general
1 Feb 1993 - 15 Jan 1997 Hector
Roberto Herrera Cáceres (b. 1943)
(Honduras)
15 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1999 Ernesto José Leal
Sánchez (b.
1945 - d. 2005)
(Nicaragua)
1 Jan 2000 - 30 Jun 2000 Mauricio Ramón
Herdocia Sacasa (b. 1958)
(Nicaragua)(interim)
1 Jul 2000 - 31 Dec 2004 Óscar Alfredo
Santamaría Jaimes (b. 1942)
(El
Salvador)
1 Jan 2005 - 15 Jan 2009 Aníbal
Enrique Quiñónez Abarca (b. 1950)
(Honduras)
15 Jan 2009 - 30 Jun 2013 Juan Daniel Alemán
Gurdián (b. 1956)
(Nicaragua)
1 Jul 2013 - 20 Aug 2014 Hugo Martínez Bonilla
(El Salvador)(b. 1968)
20 Aug 2014 - 29 Jun 2017
Victoria Marina Velásquez de (b.
1943)
Avilés (f) (El Salvador)
29 Jun 2017 - 30 Jun 2021 Marco Vinicio Cerezo
Arévalo (b. 1942)
(Guatemala)
1 Jul 2021 - 12 Aug 2022 Vacant
12 Aug 2022 - 14 Nov 2023 Werner Isaac Vargas
Torres
(Nicaragua)
15 Nov 2023 -
Ingrid Figueroa de Santamaría (f)
(El Salvador) (acting)
SICA membership (8)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
1 Feb 1993
|
Costa Rica1,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama
|
1 Dec 2000
|
Belize
|
27 Jun 2013
|
Dominican Republic2 |
1Costa
Rica suspended participation 18 Dec 2015 -
30 Jun 2016. 2Dominican
Republic an associate member 19 Dec 2003
- 27 Jun 2013.
|
Central
American Parliament (Parlacen)
1999 - 30 Oct 2006
|
Adopted 30 Oct 2006
|
Parlacen
website
|
Headquarters:
Guatemala City
(Guatemala)
|
28 Oct
1991
Central
American Parliament (Parlamento Centroamericano)(Parlacen)
established as the parliamentary assembly of
Central American
Integration System (SICA).
Presidents
28 Oct 1991 - 28 Oct 1992 Roberto Vicente
Carpio Nicolle (b. 1930 - d. 2022)
(Guatemala)
28 Oct 1992 - 28 Oct 1993 Ilsa Díaz
Zelaya (f) (Honduras) (b. 1942)
28 Oct 1993 - 28 Oct 1994 José Francisco
Guerrero Munguía (b. 1937 - d. 1994)
(El Salvador)
28 Oct 1994 - 28 Oct 1995 Víctor Augusto
Vela Mena
(b. 1940)
(1st time) (Guatemala)
28 Oct 1995 - 2 Dec 1995 Roland
Valenzuela Oyuela (Honduras)(b. 1914 - d. 1995)
6 Dec 1995 – 28 Oct 1996 Raúl Zaldívar
Guzmán (Honduras) (b. 1931)
28 Oct 1996 - 28 Oct 1997 Ernesto Lima
Mena (El Salvador) (b. 1960)
28 Oct 1997 - 28 Oct 1998 Marco Antonio
Solares Pérez (b. 1956)
(Guatemala)
28 Oct 1998 - 28 Oct 1999 Carlos Roberto
Reina (Honduras) (b. 1926 - d. 2003)
28 Oct 1999 - 28 Oct 2000 José Ernesto
Somarriba Sosa (b. 1921 - d.
2009)
(Nicaragua)
28 Oct 2000 - 28 Oct 2001 Hugo Heberto
Guiraud Gargano
(Panama)
28 Oct 2001 - 28 Oct 2002 José
Rodrigo Marcelo Samayoa Rivas (b. 1948)
(El
Salvador)
28 Oct 2002 - 28 Oct 2003 Víctor Augusto
Vela Mena
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (Guatemala)
28 Oct 2003 - 28 Oct 2004 Mario Facussé Handal
(Honduras) (b. 1946)
28 Oct 2004 - 28 Oct 2005 Fabio Gadea
Mantilla (Nicaragua) (b. 1931)
28 Oct 2005 - 28 Oct 2006 Julio Palacios
Sambrano (Panama) (b. 1965)
28 Oct 2006 - 26 Oct 2007 Ciro Cruz
Cepeda Peña (El Salvador)(b. 1945 - d. 2022)
26 Oct 2007 - 28 Oct 2008 Julio Guillermo González
Gamarra
(Guatemala)
28 Oct 2008 - 28 Oct 2009 Gloria
Guadalupe Oquelí Solórzano (b. 1941)
de
Macoto (f)(Honduras)
28 Oct 2009 - 28 Oct 2010 Jacinto José
Suárez Espinoza (b. 1947)
(Nicaragua)
28 Oct 2010 - 31 Oct 2011 Dorindo Jayán Cortéz
Marciaga
(Panama)
31 Oct 2011 - 28 Oct 2012
Manuel "Manolo" de Jesus Pichardo (b. 1962)
Arías
(Dominican Rep.)
28 Oct 2012 - 25 Oct 2013 Leonel Vásquez Búcaro
(El Salvador)(b. 1963)
25 Oct 2013 - 28 Oct 2014 Paula Rodríguez (f)
(Guatemala)
28 Oct 2014 - 28 Oct 2015 Armando Bardales Paz
(Honduras)
28 Oct 2015 - 28 Oct 2016 José Antonio Alvarado
Correa (b. 1951)
(Nicaragua)
28 Oct 2016 - 28 Oct 2017 Priscilla Weeden de Miró
(f)
(Panama)
28 Oct 2017 - 28 Oct 2018 Tony
Raful Tejada (Dominican Rep.) (b. 1951)
28 Oct 2018 - 25 Oct 2019 Irma Segunda Amaya
Echeverría (f) (b. 1961)
(El Salvador)
25 Oct 2019 - 14 Jan 2020 Juan
Alfonso Fuentes Soria (b.
1947)
(Guatemala)
14 Jan 2020 - 28 Oct 2020 Nadia Lorena de León
Torres (f)
(Guatemala)
29 Oct 2020 - 28 Oct 2021 Fanny
Carolina Salinas Fernández (f)
(Honduras)
28 Oct 2021 - 28 Oct 2022
Guillermo Daniel Ortega Reyes
(Nicaragua)
28 Oct 2022 - 28 Oct 2023 Amado
Cerrud Acevedo (Panama)
28 Oct 2023 - 28 Oct 2024 Silvia García Polanco
(f)
(b. 1966)
(Dominican Republic)
28 Oct 2024
-
Carlos René Hernández Castillo
(b. 1991)
(El
Salvador)
PARLACEN membership (6)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Parliaments
|
28 Oct 1991 |
El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras |
21 Jan 1997 |
Nicaragua |
1 Sep 1999 |
Panama1 |
30 Oct 2006 |
Dominican Republic |
1Panama
withdrew 24 Nov 2010; opposition Panamanians
(including Dorindo Cortéz)
remained in the parliament; rejoined 28
Jan 2013.
|
Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)
15 Apr
1955
"Pact
of Mutual Cooperation" (Baghdad Pact) signed.
22 Nov
1955
Middle East Treaty Organization (MENTO).
19 Aug
1959
Central Treaty Organization (CENTO).
26 Sep
1979
CENTO dissolved.
Secretaries-general
15 Dec 1955 - 31 Dec 1958 Awni al-Khalidy
(Iraq) (b.
1912 - d. 1985)
1 Jan 1959 - 31 Dec 1961 Mirza
Osman Ali Baig (Pakistan) (b. 1904 -
d. 1992)
Jan 1962 - Jan
1968 Abbas Ali
Khalatbari
(Iran) (b.
1912 - d. 1979)
Jan 1968 - 1 Feb
1972 Turgut Menemencioğlu
(Turkey) (b. 1914 - d. 2010)
1 Feb 1972 - Jan
1975 Nassir Assar (Iran)
(b. 1926 - d. 2015)
Jan 1975 - 1 Aug
1977 Haluk Bayülken
(Turkey)
(b. 1921 - d. 2007)
Aug 1977 - Mar
1978 Sirdar
Hasan Mahmud (Pakistan) (b. 1928)
(acting)
31 Mar 1978 -
1979
Kamuran Gürün
(Turkey)
(b. 1924 - d. 2004)
CENTO membership
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
15 Apr 1955 |
Iraq1,
Turkey2, United
Kingdom |
23 Sep 1955 |
Pakistan3 |
23 Oct 1955 |
Iran4 |
1Iraq withdrew
24 Mar 1959. 2Turkey
withdrew 15 Mar 1979. 3Pakistan
withdrew 12 Mar 1979. 4Iran
withdrew 13 Mar 1979.
|
Collective Security Treaty Organization
(CSTO)
Adopted 18 Sep 2003
|
15 May 1992
Commonwealth of Independent States
Collective Security
Treaty (CST) signed (enters into force 20 Apr
1994).
18 Sep 2003
Collective Security Treaty
Organization (CSTO)(Organizatsiya
Dogovora o Kollektivnoy Bezopasnosti),
signed 7 Oct 2002.
Secretaries-general
28 Apr 2003 - 31 Dec 2016 Nikolay
Nikolayevich Bordyuzha (b. 1949)
(Russia)
1 Jan 2017 - 2 May 2017 Valeriy
Anatolyevich Semerikov (b. 1954)
(Russia) (1st time) (acting)
2 May 2017 - 2 Nov 2018 Yuri
Grigorii Khach'aturov (b.
1952)
(Armenia)
2 Nov 2018 - 31 Dec 2019 Valeriy
Anatolyevich Semerikov (s.a.)
(Russia) (2nd time) (acting)
1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2022 Stanislav
Vasiliyevich Zas' (b. 1964)
(Stanislaw Vasilyevich Zas')
(Belarus)
1 Jan 2023
-
Imangali Nurgaliuly Tasmagambetov
(b. 1956)
(Imangaly Nurgaliyevich Tasmagambetov)
(Kazakhstan)
CSTO membership (6)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
18 Sep 2003 |
Armenia1, Belarus,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan
|
16 Aug 2006
|
Uzbekistan2
|
1Armenia
"froze" its membership 23 Feb 2024, ceased
financial aid 8 May 2024 and announced intent to
withdraw 12 Jun 2024. 2Uzbekistan
membership suspended at its own request from
28 Jun 2012.
|
Colombo Plan
28 Nov
1950
Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic
Development
in South
and South-East Asia established.
1 Jul
1951
Plan came into full operation.
7 Dec
1977
Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic and Social
Development in Asia and the Pacific (CESDAP).
25 Nov
1980
Duration of the plan extended indefinitely.
Directors Executive of the
Colombo Plan Bureau
Aug 1951 - Sep
1953 Geoffrey
M. Wilson (U.K.) (b. 1910 -
d. 2004)
Sep 1953 - Feb
1956 Pearce
William Edward Curtin (b.
1907 - d. 1997)
(Australia)
Apr 1956 - Aug
1957 Nathan
Keyfitz (Canada)
(b. 1913 - d. 2010)
Aug 1957 - Jul
1959 Robert
Hunter Wade (New Zealand) (b. 1916 - d. 2011)
Jul 1959 - Dec
1961 John
Kenneth Thompson (U.K.) (b. 1913 -
d. 1985)
Dec 1961 - Jan
1964
Sashichirō Matsui (Japan)
(b. 1913 - d. 2001)
Jan 1964 - Mar
1966 James
Lawrence Allen (Australia) (b. 1913 - d.
1990)
Mar 1966 - Jun
1969 D. Alan
Strachan (U.S.)
(b. 1903 - d. 1996)
Jun 1969 - Aug
1973 Alan
Burton Connelly (Canada) (b. 1908
- d. 1991)
Aug 1973 - Dec
1975 Ian Kerr
McGregor (New Zealand)
Jan 1976 - Feb
1979 Leonore
E.T. Storar (f) (U.K.) (b. 1920 - d. 1997)
14 Feb 1979 - Feb 1982
Noboru Yabata (Japan)
Feb 1982 - Feb
1985 Eriks
Ingevics (Australia) (b. 1929
- d. 2016)
Feb 1985 - Jan
1986 Donald R.
Toussaint (U.S.) (b. 1927 -
d. 1986)
Jul 1986 - Jul
1991 Gilbert
H. Sheinbaum (U.S.) (b. 1929 -
d. 2020)
Jul 1991 - Dec 1994
John Cornelius Ryan
(New Zealand) (b. 1935 - d. 2012)
Secretaries-general of the Colombo Plan
Jan 1995 - Mar
1999 Kim
Hak-Su (South
Korea)
(b. 1938)
Apr 1999 - Jun
2003 U. Sarat
Chandran (India) (b. 1953)
Jun 2003 - Aug 2007
Kittipan Kanjanapipatkul
(b. 1947)
(Thailand)
Aug 2007 - Aug 2011 Patricia
Yoon-Moi Chia (f) (b. 1952)
(from
Feb 2009, Dato' Patricia
Yoon-Moi Chia)
(Malaysia)
15 Aug 2011 - 28 Nov 2013 Adam Naseer Maniku
(Maldives)
28 Nov 2013 - 2 May 2014 Tay Bian How
(Malaysia)(acting) (b. 1954?)
2 May 2014 - 1 May 2018 Dasho Kinley
Dorji (Bhutan)
(Kun-legs Rdo-rje)
1 May 2018 - Dec 2021 Phan Kieu
Thu (f) (Vietnam) (b. 1971)
1 May 2022 -
Benjamin Panganiban Reyes
(The
Philippines)
Colombo Plan membership (28)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
28 Nov 1950 |
Australia, Canada1,
Ceylon2, India, New
Zealand, Pakistan, United Kingdom3 |
1951 |
Cambodia4,
Laos, South Vietnam5,
United States |
Mar 1952 |
Burma6,
Nepal |
Feb 1953 |
Indonesia |
5 Oct 1954 |
Japan, The
Philippines, Thailand |
1957
|
Greece7 |
7 Oct 1957 |
Malaya8 |
1959 |
Singapore |
1962
|
Italy9,
Tanganyika10 |
Nov 1962 |
Bhutan, South Korea |
12 Nov 1963 |
Afghanistan, Maldives |
1966 |
Iran |
1972 |
Bangladesh, Fiji |
1973 |
Papua New Guinea |
15 Jun 2004
|
Mongolia11,
Vietnam12
|
20 Nov 2008
|
Brunei Darussalam13
|
25 Apr 2012
|
Saudi Arabia14
|
11 Aug 2021
|
Chile
|
1Canada
withdrew 1992. 2from 1972 Sri
Lanka. 3U.K. withdrew 1991. 4Cambodia
withdrew 15 Jun 2004. 5from
2 Jul 1976 succeeded by
Socialist Republic of Vietnam; announced
Dec 1978 it did not regard itself as a
member. 6from 1989
Myanmar. 7Greece
withdrew 1979. 8from
1963 Malaysia. 9Italy
withdrew 1964. 10Tanganyika
withdrew 1964. 11Mongolia
provisional member May 1998 - 15 Jun 2004.
12Vietnam provisional
member 5 Nov 2001 - 15 Jun 2004. 13Brunei
provisional member to 11 Oct 2012.
14Saudi
Arabia provisional member to 11 Oct 2012.
|
Common Market for
Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
-
- Former COMESA Flag
|
-
- Adopted c.2011
|
COMESA
website
|
Headquarters:
Lusaka
(Zambia)
|
COMESA Day:
8 Dec (1994)
COMESA Day
|
21 Dec
1981
Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African
States
(PTA) signed (ratified 30 Sep 1982).
8 Dec
1994
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
(treaty signed 9 Nov 1993).
Secretaries-general of the Preferential Trade Area
Jan 1983 - 1984
Simeon Moses Kiingi
(Uganda) (d. ....)
(interim)
1984 -
1990
Bax Dale Nomvete (South Africa) (b.
1922 - d. 2000)
1990 - 8 Dec 1994
Bingu wa Mutharika (Malawi)
(b. 1934 - d. 2012)
Secretaries-general of the Common
Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
8 Dec 1994 - 17 Apr 1997
Bingu wa Mutharika (Malawi)
(s.a.)
17 Apr 1997 - Jun 1998
Sindiso Ndema Ngwenya (Zimbabwe) (b. 1951)
(1st time)(acting)
Jun 1998 - Feb 2008
Erastus Joel O. Mwencha
(Kenya) (b. 1947)
May 2008 - 18 Jul 2018 Sindiso Ndema
Ngwenya (Zimbabwe) (s.a.)
(2nd
time)(acting to 30 Jun 2008)
18 Jul 2018
-
Chileshe Mpundu Kapwepwe (f)
(b. 1958)
(Zambia)
COMESA membership (21)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
21 Dec 1981 |
Angola1,
Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Lesotho2,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique3,
Rwanda, The Sudan, Swaziland4,
Tanzania5, Uganda,
Zambia, Zaire6,
Zimbabwe |
21 Jan 1993
|
Namibia7 |
8 Dec 1994 |
Eritrea |
6 Jan 1999 |
Egypt |
7 Nov 2001 |
Seychelles |
9 Nov 2005 |
Libya |
18 Jul 2018
|
Tunisia
|
19 Jul 2018
|
Somalia |
1Angola
suspended itself from 14 Nov 2007. 2Lesotho
withdrew 12 Nov 1997. 3Mozambique
withdrew 12 Nov 1997. 4from
2018 Eswatini. 5Tanzania
withdrew 2 Sep 2001. 6from
1997 Congo (Kinshasa). 7Namibia
withdrew 9 Nov 2004. |
The Commonwealth
-
- 31 Dec 1931 - 26 Mar 1976
|
-
- 26 Mar 1976 - Oct 2013
|
-
- Adopted Oct 2013
|
31 Dec
1931
"Statute of Westminster" creates the British
Commonwealth of Nations.
27 Apr
1949
Renamed The Commonwealth.
1 Jul
1965
Commonwealth secretariat created.
Heads of the Commonwealth
31 Dec 1931
-
the Kings/Queen of the United Kingdom
Secretaries-general
1 Jul 1965 - 30 Jun 1975 Arnold
Smith
(Canada)
(b. 1915 - d. 1994)
1
Jul 1975 - 30 Jun 1990 Sir Shridath "Sonny"
Surendranath (b. 1928 - d. 2024)
Ramphal (Guyana)
1
Jul 1990 - 3 Apr 2000 Emeka Anyaoku
(Nigeria)
(b. 1933)
3
Apr 2000 - 1 Apr 2008 Don McKinnon (New
Zealand)
(b. 1939)
1 Apr 2008 - 1
Apr 2016 Kamalesh Sharma
(India)
(b. 1941)
1 Apr 2016
-
Patricia Scotland, Baroness (b.
1955)
Scotland of Asthal (f)
(Dominica/U.K.)
Chairmen-in-office
12 Nov 1999 - 2 Mar 2002 Thabo Mbeki (South
Africa)
(b. 1942)
2 Mar 2002 - 5 Dec 2003 John Howard
(Australia)
(b. 1939)
5 Dec 2003 - 25 Nov 2005 Olusegun Obasanjo
(Nigeria) (b.
1937)
25 Nov 2005 - 23 Nov 2007 Lawrence Gonzi
(Malta)
(b. 1953)
23 Nov 2007 - 27 Nov 2009 Yoweri Museveni
(Uganda)
(b. 1944)
27 Nov 2009 - 25 May 2010 Patrick
Manning
(b. 1946 - d. 2016)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
26 May 2010 - 28 Oct 2011 Kamla Persad-Bissessar
(f) (b.
1952)
(Trinidad and Tobago)
28 Oct 2011 - 27 Jun 2013 Julia Gillard (f)
(Australia) (b. 1961)
27 Jun 2013 - 18 Sep 2013 Kevin Rudd
(Australia)
(b. 1957)
18 Sep 2013 - 15 Nov 2013 Tony Abbott
(Australia)
(b. 1957)
15 Nov 2013 - 9 Jan 2015 Mahinda Rajapakse
(Sri Lanka) (b. 1945)
9 Jan 2015 - 27 Nov 2015 Maithripala
Sirisena (Sri Lanka) (b. 1951)
27 Nov 2015 - 12 Apr 2018 Joseph Muscat
(Malta)
(b. 1974)
12 Apr 2018 - 24 Jul 2019
Theresa May (f) (U.K.)
(b. 1956)
24 Jul 2019 - 24 Jun 2022 Boris Johnson (U.K.)
(b. 1964)
24 Jun 2022 - 21 Oct 2024
Paul Kagame
(Rwanda)
(b. 1957)
21 Oct 2024
-
Fiamē Naomi Mata'afa (f)(Samoa) (b. 1957)
Commonwealth membership (56)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
11 Dec 1931 |
Australia, Canada, Ireland1, New Zealand,
Newfoundland2,
South Africa3,
United Kingdom |
21 Jul 1932
|
Southern Rhodesia4
|
15 Oct 1947 |
India, Pakistan5 |
4 Feb 1948 |
Ceylon6 |
1 Aug 1953
|
Federation of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland7
|
6 Mar 1957 |
Ghana |
31 Aug 1957 |
Malaya8 |
3 Jan 1958
|
Federation of the West
Indies9 |
1 Oct 1960 |
Nigeria10 |
13 Mar 1961 |
Cyprus |
27 Apr 1961 |
Sierra Leone11 |
9 Dec 1961 |
Tanganyika12 |
6 Aug 1962 |
Jamaica |
31 Aug 1962 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
9 Oct 1962 |
Uganda |
10 Dec 1963 |
Zanzibar12 |
12 Dec 1963 |
Kenya |
6 Jul 1964 |
Malawi |
21 Sep 1964 |
Malta |
24 Oct 1964 |
Zambia |
18 Feb 1965 |
The Gambia13 |
15 Oct 1965 |
Singapore |
26 May 1966 |
Guyana |
30 Sep 1966 |
Botswana |
4 Oct 1966 |
Lesotho |
30 Nov 1966 |
Barbados |
12 Mar 1968 |
Mauritius |
6 Sep 1968 |
Swaziland14 |
29 Nov 1968 |
Nauru15 |
4 Jun 1970 |
Tonga |
28 Aug 1970 |
Western Samoa16 |
10 Oct 1970 |
Fiji17 |
18 Apr 1972 |
Bangladesh |
10 Jul 1973 |
The Bahamas |
7 Feb 1974 |
Grenada |
16 Sep 1975 |
Papua New Guinea |
28 Jun 1976 |
Seychelles |
7 Jul 1978 |
Solomon Islands |
1 Oct 1978 |
Tuvalu18 |
3 Nov 1978 |
Dominica |
22 Feb 1979 |
Saint Lucia |
12 Jul 1979 |
Kiribati |
27 Oct 1979 |
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines19 |
18 Apr 1980 |
Zimbabwe20 |
30 Jul 1980 |
Vanuatu |
21 Sep 1981 |
Belize |
1 Nov 1981 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
9 Jul 1982 |
Maldives21 |
19 Sep 1983 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
1 Jan 1984 |
Brunei Darussalam |
21 Mar 1990 |
Namibia |
1 Nov 1995 |
Cameroon |
12 Nov 1995 |
Mozambique |
28 Nov 2009
|
Rwanda
|
25 Jun 2022
|
Gabon21, Togo
|
1Ireland
withdrew 18 Apr 1949. 2Newfoundland
government suspended 16 Feb 1934, merged into
Canada 31 Mar 1949. 3South
Africa withdrew 31 May 1961, rejoined 1
Jun 1994. 4Southern
Rhodesia attended all Imperial conferences 21
Jul 1932 - 1 Aug 1953, then part of Federation
of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. 5Pakistan
withdrew 30 Jan 1972, rejoined 1 Oct 1989;
suspended from councils 18 Oct 1999 - 22 May
2004 and 22 Nov 2007 - 12 May 2008. 6from 1972
Sri Lanka. 7dissolved
31 Dec 1963. 8from 16 Sep
1963 as Malaysia.
9dissolved on 31 May
1962. 10Nigeria
suspended 11 Nov 1995 - 29 May 1999. 11Sierra
Leone suspended from councils 11 Jul 1997
- 10 Mar 1998. 12Tanganyika
and Zanzibar merged as Tanzania on
26 Apr 1964. 13The
Gambia withdrew 3 Oct 2013,
rejoined 8 Feb 2018. 14from 2018
Eswatini. 15Nauru
special member to 1 May 1999 and 9 Jan 2006
- 26 Jun 2011; "member in arrears" Nov 2007 - 26
Jun 2011. 16from 1997
Samoa. 17Fiji
withdrew 15 Oct 1987, rejoined 30 Sep 1997;
suspended from councils 6 Jun 2000 - 20 Dec
2001, 8 Dec 2006 - 1 Sep 2009, and 14 Mar - 26
Sep 2014; fully suspended 1 Sep 2009 - 14 Mar
2014. 18Tuvalu
special member to 1 Sep 2000. 19Saint
Vincent special member to 1 Jun 1985. 20Zimbabwe
suspended from councils 19 Mar 2002, withdrew 7
Dec 2003. 21Maldives
special member to 20 Jul 1985; withdrew 13 Oct
2016; rejoined 1 Feb 2020. 22Gabon
suspended from Councils 18 Sep 2023.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associated Members of Commonwealth
(2)
|
4 Aug 1965
|
Cook Islands
|
19 Oct 1974
|
Niue
|
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
- Jun 1992 - 15 Apr 1994 (unofficial)
|
-
- 15 Apr 1994 - 19 Jan
1996 (unofficial);
- Adopted 19 Jan 1996
|
8 Dec
1991
The agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth
of
Independent States (Sodruzhestvo
Nezavisimyh Gosudarstv)
is signed by Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine (also known as
the
Belavezha Accords).
21 Dec
1991
CIS membership is extended to Azerbaijan, Armenia,
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and
Uzbekistan
(a
protocol to the Agreement of 8 Dec 1991 is signed in
Almaty on 21 Dec 1991, called Almaty Protocol).
20 Sep
2012
Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area
(CISFTA)
established.
Coordinator of the Working Group for Organization
16 Jan 1992 - 14 May 1993 Ivan
Mikhaylovich Korotchenya
(b. 1948)
(Ivan Mikhaylavich Karatchenya)
(Belarus)
Executive Secretaries
14 May 1993 - 29 Apr 1998 Ivan
Mikhaylovich Korotchenya
(s.a.)
(Belarus)
29 Apr 1998 - 2 Apr 1999 Boris
Abramovich Berezovskiy
(b. 1946 - d. 2013)
(Russia)
4 Mar 1999 - 2
Apr 1999 Ivan Mikhaylovich
Korotchenya (s.a.)
(acting for Berezovskiy)(Belarus)
Chairmen of the Executive Committee -
Executive Secretaries
2 Apr 1999 - 14 Jun 2004 Yuriy
Fyodorovich Yarov (Russia) (b. 1942)
14 Jun 2004 - 5 Oct 2007 Vladimir
Borisovich Rushaylo (b.
1953)
(Rushailo)(Russia)
5 Oct 2007 - 31 Dec 2022 Sergey
Nikolayevich Lebedev (Russia)(b. 1948)
Secretary-general
1 Jan 2023
-
Sergey Nikolayevich Lebedev (Russia)(s.a.)
CIS membership (9)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
8 Dec 1991
|
Belarus, Russia, Ukraine1
|
21 Dec 1991 |
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova2,
Tajikistan, Tukmenistan3,
Uzbekistan |
9 Dec 1993 |
Georgia4 |
1Ukraine
announced on
21 Sep 2015 it
would continue taking part on a selective
basis; ceased
participation in statutory bodies 19 May
2018. 2Moldova
ceased active participation 30 Nov 2022.
3Turkmenistan
withdrew 26 Aug 2005, continued to
participate as an associate member. 4Georgia
withdrew 18 Aug 2009.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Member of CIS
|
26 Aug 2005
|
Turkmenistan
|
Communist
International
Comintern
Constitution
(4 Mar 1919)
|
Headquarters:
Moscow
(Soviet Union)
(Belgrade, Yugoslavia)
1947-1948; Bucharest,
Romania 1948-1956)
|
4 Mar
1919
Communist International ("Comintern"), also known as the
Third
International (Kommunisticheskiy
Internatsional).
15 May
1943
Comintern dissolved.
22 Sep 1947 - 17 Apr 1956 Information
Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties
(Communist Information Bureau)("Cominform")(Informatsionnoye
byuro
kommunisticheskikh i rabochikh partiy).
Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the
Communist International (Comintern)
6 Mar 1919 -
1926
Grigoriy Yevseyevich Zinovyev (b. 1883 - d. 1936)
(Soviet Union)
1926 -
1929
Nikolay Ivanovich Bukharin
(b. 1888 - d. 1938)
(Soviet Union)
1929 -
1934
Political Secretaries
([de facto] acting)
- Dmitriy Zakharovich Manuilskiy(b. 1883 - d. 1959)
(Soviet Union)(from 1931)
- Otto Ville Kuusinen (Finland) (b. 1881 - d.
1964)
(to 1931)
- Georgi Mikhaylov Dimitrov (b.
1882 - d. 1949)
(Bulgaria)
1934 - 1935
Georgi Mikhaylov
Dimitrov (s.a.)
(Bulgaria)
Secretary General of the Executive Committee
of the Communist International (Comintern)
1935 - 15 May
1943
Georgi Mikhaylov
Dimitrov (s.a.)
(Bulgaria)
Chief Redactors of the Information
Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties
(Cominform)
[only permanent structure formed was the
redaction committee of Cominform publications]
1947 - 1950
Pavel Fyodorovich
Yudin (b. 1899 - d. 1968)
(Soviet Union)
1950 - 1953
Mark Borisovich
Mitin (b. 1901 -
d. 1987)
(Gershkovich)(Soviet Union)
Community of Portuguese
Language Countries (CPLP)
17 Jul 1996 - 1 Aug 2002
|
Adopted 1 Aug 2002
|
17 Jul
1996
Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP)
(Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa)
constituted.
Executive Secretaries
17 Jul 1996 - 20 Jul 2000 Marcolino José
Carlos Moco (Angola) (b. 1953)
20 Jul 2000 - 16 Aug 2002 Dulce Maria
Pereira (f)(Brazil) (b. 1954)
16 Aug 2002 - 14 Apr
2004 João Augusto de Médicis (Brazil)
(b. 1936 - d. 2004)
15 Apr 2004 - 23 Jul 2004 Zeferino
Alexandre Martins (interim)(b. 1955)
(Mozambique)
23 Jul 2004 - 23 Jul 2008 Luís de Matos
Monteiro da Fonseca (b.
1944)
(Cape Verde)
23 Jul 2008 - 22 Jul 2012 Domingos Simões
Pereira
(b. 1963)
(Guinea-Bissau)
22 Jul 2012 - 25 Jan 2017 Murade Isaac
Miguigy Murargy (b. 1946)
(Mozambique)
25 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2018 Maria do Carmo
Trovoada Pires (b. 1961)
de
Carvalho Silveira (f)
(São Tomé e Principe)
1 Jan 2019 - 31 Jul 2021 Francisco Ribeiro
Telles (Portugal) (b. 1953)
1 Aug 2021 -
Zacarias Albano da Costa
(b.
1964)
(Timor-Leste)
Directors-general
1 Feb 2008 - 3 Feb 2014 Hélder
Jorge Vaz Gomes Lopes (b.
1959)
(Guinea-Bissau)
3 Feb 2014 - 10 Feb 2020
Georgina Maria Augusta Benrós
(b. 1953)
de Mello (f) (Cabo Verde)
10 Feb 2020 -
Armindo de Brito Fernandes
(b. 1962?)
(São Tomé e Principe)
CPLP membership (9)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
17 Jul 1996 |
Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde1,
Guinea-Bissau2,
Mozambique,
Portugal, São Tomé e Principe |
1 Aug 2002 |
East Timor3 |
23 Jul 2014 |
Equatorial Guinea4 |
1from 2013 Cabo
Verde. 2Guinea-Bissau
suspended Oct? 2012 - 23 Jun 2014. 3from
2003 Timor-Leste. 4Equatorial
Guinea an associate observer 16 Jul 2006
- 23 Jul 2014.
|
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Observers of CPLP (29)
|
16 Jul 2006
|
Mauritius
|
24 Jul 2008
|
Senegal
|
22 Jul 2014 |
Georgia, Japan, Namibia,
Turkey5
|
1 Nov 2016
|
Czech Republic, Hungary,
Slovakia, Uruguay
|
18 Jul 2018
|
Andorra, Argentina, Chile,
France, Italy, Luxembourg, Serbia,
United Kingdom
|
17 Jul 2021
|
Canada, Côte
d'Ivoire, Greece, India, Ireland, Peru, Qatar,
Romania, Spain, United States
|
27 Aug 2023
|
Paraguay
|
5from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye. |
Community of
Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
CEN-SAD website
|
Headquarters:
N’Djamena (Chad)
(Tripoli, Libya 4 Feb
1998 -
4 Feb 2020)
|
4 Feb 1998
Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
established
(Communauté
des Etats Sahélo-Sahariens/Comunidade dos Estados
Sahelo-Saarianos/Comunidade dos Estados do Sahel-Saara)
16 Feb 2013
Revised CEN-SAD Treaty signed.
Secretaries-general
1999 - 2012
Mohamed Al-Madani Al-Azhari (Libya)
2012 - 2013
Ibrahim Sani Abani (Niger)
(b. 1962)
(acting
to 18 Feb 2013)
Executive Secretaries
2013 - Apr 2021
Ibrahim Sani Abani (Niger)(interim)(s.a.)
12 Dec 2021
-
Brigi Rafini (Niger)
(b. 1953)
CEN-SAD membership (24)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
4 Feb 1998
|
Burkina Faso,
Chad, Libya, Mali, Niger, The Sudan
|
Apr 1999
|
Central African
Republic, Eritrea, Nigeria
|
Feb 2000
|
Djibouti, The
Gambia, Senegal
|
Feb 2001
|
Egypt, Morocco,
Somalia, Tunisia
|
Mar 2002
|
Benin, Togo
|
May 2004
|
Côte d'Ivoire,
Liberia1
|
Jun 2005
|
Ghana, Kenya1, São
Tomé and Príncipe1, Sierra
Leone
|
Jun 2007
|
Comoros, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau1
|
Jun 2008
|
Mauritania
|
Jun 2009 |
Cabo Verde1
|
1did not ratify
the revised 2013 CEN–SAD Treaty and are no longer
members.
|
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
(CTBT)
10 Sep 1996
"Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty"
(CTBT) signed (it will be
ratified 180 days after ratification by 44 Annex 2
countries).
19 Nov 1996
Preparatory Commission for the
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban
Organization (CTBTO) established.
17 Mar 1997
Provisional secretariat inaugurated.
Executive Secretaries
of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive
Nuclear Test Ban Organization
17 Mar 1997 - 31 Jul 2005 Wolfgang Hoffmann
(Germany) (b. 1937)
1 Aug 2005 - 31 Jul 2013 Tibor Tóth
(Hungary)
(b. 1954)
1 Aug 2013 - 31 Jul 2021 Lassina Zerbo
(Burkina Faso) (b. 1963)
1 Aug 2021
-
Robert Floyd (Australia)
(b. 1958?)
CTBT Ratifications and CTBTO membership (178)
Date of
Ratification
|
Ratifying Nations
|
10 Oct 1996
|
Fiji
|
3 Mar 1997
|
Qatar
|
29 May 1997
|
Uzbekistan
|
8 Jul 1997
|
Japan
|
25 Jul 1997
|
Federated States of Micronesia
|
8 Aug 1997
|
Mongolia
|
11 Sep 1997
|
Czech Republic
|
12 Nov 1997
|
Peru
|
20 Feb 1998
|
Turkmenistan
|
3 Mar 1998
|
Slovakia
|
13 Mar 1998
|
Austria
|
6 Apr 1998
|
France, United Kingdom
|
10 Jun 1998
|
Tajikistan
|
9 Jul 1998
|
Australia
|
24 Jul 1998
|
Brazil
|
31 Jul 1998
|
Spain
|
19 Aug 1998
|
Grenada
|
20 Aug 1998
|
Germany
|
25 Aug 1998
|
Jordan
|
11 Sep 1998
|
El Salvador
|
2 Dec 1998
|
Sweden
|
4 Dec 1998
|
Argentina
|
18 Dec 1998
|
Canada, Monaco
|
21 Dec 1998
|
Denmark
|
15 Jan 1999
|
Finland
|
1 Feb 1999
|
Italy
|
2 Feb 1999
|
Azerbaijan
|
19 Mar 1999
|
New Zealand
|
23 Mar 1999
|
The Netherlands, Panama
|
30 Mar 1999
|
South Africa
|
21 Apr 1999
|
Greece
|
25 May 1999
|
Poland
|
26 May 1999
|
Luxembourg
|
9 Jun 1999
|
Senegal
|
29 Jun 1999
|
Belgium
|
13 Jul 1999
|
Hungary
|
15 Jul 1999
|
Ireland, Norway
|
4 Aug 1999
|
Mali
|
13 Aug 1999
|
Estonia
|
31 Aug 1999
|
Slovenia
|
14 Sep 1999
|
Lesotho
|
24 Sep 1999
|
South Korea
|
29 Sep 1999
|
Bulgaria
|
1 Oct 1999
|
Switzerland
|
4 Oct 1999
|
Bolivia
|
5 Oct 1999
|
Mexico, Romania
|
7 Feb 2000
|
Lithuania
|
16 Feb 2000
|
Turkey1 |
8 Mar 2000
|
Bangladesh
|
14 Mar 2000
|
Macedonia2
|
17 Apr 2000
|
Morocco
|
26 Jun 2000
|
Iceland, Portugal
|
30 Jun 2000
|
Russia3 |
12 Jul 2000
|
Chile
|
7 Sep 2000
|
Kiribati, Maldives
|
13 Sep 2000
|
Belarus
|
18 Sep 2000
|
United Arab Emirates
|
20 Sep 2000
|
Gabon
|
5 Oct 2000
|
Laos
|
10 Nov 2000
|
Cambodia
|
30 Nov 2000
|
Kenya
|
5 Dec 2000
|
Nicaragua
|
23 Feb 2001
|
The Philippines, Ukraine
|
2 Mar 2001
|
Croatia
|
6 Mar 2001
|
Benin
|
7 Mar 2001
|
Guyana
|
14 Mar 2001
|
Uganda
|
5 Apr 2001
|
Saint Lucia
|
29 Jun 2001
|
Namibia
|
18 Jul 2001
|
Holy See
|
23 Jul 2001
|
Malta
|
17 Sep 2001
|
Sierra Leone
|
21 Sep 2001
|
Uruguay
|
25 Sep 2001
|
Costa Rica
|
27 Sep 2001
|
Nigeria
|
4 Oct 2001
|
Paraguay
|
10 Nov 2001
|
Singapore
|
12 Nov 2001
|
Ecuador, Nauru
|
13 Nov 2001
|
Jamaica
|
20 Nov 2001
|
Latvia
|
12 Mar 2002
|
San Marino
|
17 Apr 2002
|
Burkina Faso
|
13 May 2002
|
Venezuela
|
14 May 2002
|
Kazakhstan
|
9 Sep 2002
|
Niger
|
27 Sep 2002
|
Georgia, Samoa
|
28 Oct 2002
|
Botswana
|
11 Mar 2003
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
23 Apr 2003
|
Albania
|
30 Apr 2003
|
Mauritania
|
6 May 2003
|
Kuwait
|
13 Jun 2003
|
Oman
|
11 Jul 2003
|
Algeria
|
18 Jul 2003
|
Cyprus
|
24 Sep 2003
|
Afghanistan
|
2 Oct 2003
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
30 Oct 2003
|
Honduras
|
11 Nov 2003
|
Eritrea
|
6 Jan 2004
|
Libya
|
26 Mar 2004
|
Belize
|
12 Apr 2004
|
Bahrain
|
13 Apr 2004
|
Seychelles
|
19 May 2004
|
Serbia
|
10 Jun 2004
|
The Sudan
|
2 Jul 2004
|
Togo
|
21 Sep 2004
|
Liechtenstein
|
23 Sep 2004
|
Tunisia
|
28 Sep 2008
|
Congo (Kinshasa)
|
30 Sep 2004
|
Tanzania
|
30 Nov 2004
|
Rwanda
|
27 Apr 2005
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
15 Jul 2005
|
Djibouti
|
6 Sep 2005
|
Cook Islands
|
15 Sep 2005
|
Madagascar
|
16 Sep 2005
|
Vanuatu
|
1 Dec 2005
|
Haiti
|
11 Jan 2006
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
6 Feb 2006
|
Cameroon
|
7 Feb 2006
|
Suriname
|
23 Feb 2006
|
Zambia
|
1 Mar 2006
|
Cape Verde4
|
10 Mar 2006
|
Vietnam
|
12 Jul 2006
|
Andorra, Armenia
|
8 Aug 2006
|
Ethiopia
|
23 Oct 2006
|
Montenegro
|
26 Oct 2006
|
Bosnia and Hercegovina
|
16 Jan 2007
|
Moldova
|
7 Aug 2007
|
Palau
|
4 Sep 2007
|
Dominican Republic
|
30 Nov 2007
|
The Bahamas
|
14 Jan 2008
|
Barbados
|
17 Jan 2008
|
Malaysia
|
29 Jan 2008
|
Colombia
|
24 Sep 2008
|
Burundi
|
4 Nov 2008
|
Mozambique
|
21 Nov 2008
|
Lebanon, Malawi
|
17 Aug 2009
|
Liberia
|
23 Sep 2009
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
28 Oct 2009
|
Marshall Islands
|
26 May 2010
|
Central Africa Republic, Trindad
and Tobago
|
14 Jun 2011
|
Ghana
|
22 Sep 2011
|
Guinea
|
12 Jan 2012
|
Guatemala
|
6 Feb 2012
|
Indonesia
|
10 Jan 2013
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
8 Feb 2013
|
Chad
|
24 Sep 2013
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
27 Sep 2013
|
Iraq
|
4 Mar 2014
|
Niue
|
2 Sep 2014
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
20 Mar 2015
|
Angola
|
21 Sep 2016
|
Myanmar, Swaziland5 |
25 Sep 2018
|
Thailand
|
13 Feb 2019
|
Zimbabwe
|
4 Feb 2021
|
Cuba
|
19 Feb 2021
|
Comoros
|
27 Mar 2022
|
The Gambia
|
31 Mar 2022
|
Tuvalu
|
30 Jun 2022
|
Dominica
|
1 Aug 2022
|
Timor-Leste
|
21 Sep 2022
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
22 Sep 2022
|
São Tomé and Príncipe
|
20 Jan 2023
|
Solomon Islands
|
25 Jul 2023
|
Sri Lanka
|
13 Mar 2024
|
Papua New Guinea
|
1from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
2Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to 2019;
from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia. 3Russia
withdrew its ratification of Comprehensive
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty on 8 Nov 2023. 4from
2013 Cabo Verde. 5from 2018 Eswatini.
|
|
Annex 2 states that have not
ratified the CTBT
|
China,
Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan,
Russia, United States.
|
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)
5 Mar 1992
Council of the Baltic Sea States
(CBSS) created.
29 Jan 1998
Secretariat established.
Directors-general of the Permanent Secretariat
15 Aug 1998 - 15 Sep 2002 Jacek Starościak (Poland)
(b. 1947 - d. 2021)
15 Sep 2002 - 1 Sep 2005 Hannu Halinen
(Finland) (b.
1947)
1 Sep 2005 - 1 Sep 2010 Gabriele
Kötschau (f)(Germany) (b. 1950)
1 Sep 2010 - 30 Jun 2016 Jan Lundin
(Sweden)
(b. 1963)
1 Jul 2016 - 31 Aug 2016 Bernd Hemingway
(Germany) (acting)
1 Sep 2016 - 31 Aug 2021 Maira Mora (f)
(Latvia)
(b. 1955)
1 Sep 2021
-
Grzegorz Marek Poznański (Poland) (b. 1971)
CBSS membership (10)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
5 Mar 1992
|
Denmark, Estonia, European
Commission, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,
Norway, Poland, Russia1,
Sweden
|
18 May 1995
|
Iceland
|
1Russia
suspended from 3 Mar 2022, withdrew 17 May 2022.
|
Council of Europe (CE)
-
- Adopted 9 Dec 1955
|
CE website
|
Headquarters:
Strasbourg
(France)
|
Hear
CE Anthem
"Ode to Joy"
Adopted 5 May 1972
|
CE Day: 5 May
(1949)
Europe Day
|
5 May
1949
Council of Europe
Secretaries-general
11 Aug 1949 - 17 Jul 1953 Jacques Camille
Paris (France) (b. 1902 - d.
1953)
21 Sep 1953 - 24 Sep 1956 Léon Marchal
(France)
(b. 1900 - d. 1956)
15 Sep 1957 - 15 Mar 1964 Lodovico
Benvenuti
(Italy)
(b. 1899 - d. 1966)
16 Mar 1964 - 15 Sep 1969 Peter Henry
Berry Otway Smithers (b. 1913 - d. 2006)
(U.K.)
16 Sep 1969 - 16 Sep 1974 Lujo Tončić-Sorinj
(Austria) (b. 1915 -
d. 2005)
17 Sep 1974 - 17 Sep 1979 Georg
Kahn-Ackermann (W. Germany) (b. 1918 - d. 2008)
1 Oct 1979 - 1 Oct 1984 Franz
Karasek
(Austria)
(b. 1924 - d. 1986)
1 Oct 1984 - 1 Jun 1989
Marcelino Oreja y Aguirre (Spain) (b. 1935)
1 Jun 1989 - 31 May 1994 Catherine
Lalumière (f) (France) (b. 1935)
20 Jun 1994 - 1 Sep 1999 Nils
Daniel Tarschys (Sweden)
(b. 1943)
1 Sep 1999 - 1 Sep 2004
Walter Schwimmer
(Austria)
(b. 1942)
1 Sep 2004 - 1 Sep 2009
Terence "Terry" Anthony Gordon
(b. 1938)
Davis (U.K.)
1 Sep 2009 - 1 Oct 2009 Maud de
Boer-Buquicchio (f) (b. 1944)
(The
Netherlands) (acting)
1 Oct 2009 - 18 Sep 2019
Thorbjørn Jagland (Norway)
(b. 1950)
18 Sep 2019 - 18 Sep 2024
Marija Pejčinović Burić (f)
(b. 1963)
(Croatia)
18 Sep 2024
-
Alain Berset
(Switzerland)
(b. 1972)
Presidents of the Parliamentary Assembly of
the Council of Europe (PACE)
10 Aug 1949
Édouard Marie Herriot (France)
(b. 1872 - d. 1957) Lib
(honorary)
11 Aug 1949 - 11 Dec 1951 Paul-Henri Charles
Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 - d. 1972) Soc
26 May 1952 - 19 May 1954 François de Menthon
(France) (b. 1900 - d. 1984)
CD
20 May 1954 - 15 Apr 1956 Alcide Guy Mollet
(France) (b. 1905 - d. 1975)
Soc
16 Apr 1956 - 20 Apr 1959 Fernand Louis Jean
Dehousse (b. 1906 - d. 1976)
Soc
(Belgium)
21 Apr 1959 - 23 Nov 1959 Lewis John Edwards
(U.K.) (b. 1904 - d.
1959) Soc
25 Apr 1960 - 5 May 1963 Per Torben
Federspiel (Denmark) (b. 1905 - d. 1994)
Lib
6 May 1963 - 1 May 1966 Pierre Eugène
Jean Pflimlin
(b. 1907 - d. 2000) CD
(France)
2 May 1966 - 11 May 1969 Sir Geoffrey
Stanley de Freitas (b. 1913 - d. 1982)
Soc
(U.K.)
12 May 1969 - 14 May 1972 Olivier Reverdin
(Switzerland) (b. 1913 - d. 2000)
Lib
15 May 1972 - 20 Apr 1975 Giuseppe Vedovato
(Italy) (b. 1912 - d.
2012) CD
21 Apr 1975 - 23 Apr 1978 Karl Czernetz (Austria)
(b. 1910 - d.
1978) Soc
24 Apr 1978 - 10 May 1981 Henri Johan de
Koster
(b. 1914 - d. 1992) Lib
(The Netherlands)
11 May 1981 - 24 Apr 1983 José María de Areilza y
Martínez (b. 1909 - d. 1998)
Dem
de Rodas (Spain)
25 Apr 1983 - 20 Apr 1986 Karl Ahrens (Germany)
(b.
1924 - d. 2015) Soc
21 Apr 1986 - 7 May 1989 Louis Jung (France)
(b. 1917 - d. 2015) CD
8 May 1989 - 24 Nov 1991 Anders Per-Arne
Björck (Sweden) (b. 1944)
Lib
25 Nov 1991 - 3 May 1992 Sir Geoffrey
Finsberg (U.K.) (b. 1926 - d. 1996)
ED
4 May 1992 - 21 Jan 1996 Miguel Ángel
Martínez Martínez (b. 1940)
Soc
(Spain)
22 Jan 1996 - 24 Jan 1999 Leni Fischer
(f)(Germany) (b. 1935
- d. 2022) CD
25 Jan 1999 - 20 Jan 2002 David Russell-Johnston,
Baron (b. 1932 - d. 2008)
Lib
Russell-Johnston (U.K.)
21 Jan 2002 - 23 Jan 2005 Peter Schieder
(Austria) (b. 1941 -
d. 2013) Soc
24 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2008 Pierre René Hubert Marie
van der (b. 1943)
CD
Linden (The Netherlands)
21 Jan 2008 - 24 Jan 2010 Lluís Maria de Puig i
Olivé (Spain)(b. 1945 - d. 2012) Soc
25 Jan 2010 - 23 Jan 2012 Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu
(Turkey) (b. 1968)
Con
23 Jan 2012 - 26 Jan 2014 Jean-Claude Mignon
(France) (b. 1950)
EPP
27 Jan 2014 - 24 Jan 2016 Anne Brasseur
(f)(Luxembourg) (b. 1950)
ALDE
25 Jan 2016 - 6 Oct 2017 Pedro Agramunt
(Spain) (b.
1951) EPP
6 Oct 2017 - 10 Oct 2017 Sir Roger James
Gale (U.K.)(acting)(b. 1943)
EC
10 Oct 2017 - 21 Jan 2018 Stélla Kyriakídes (f)
(Cyprus) (b. 1956)
EPP
22 Jan 2018 - 25 Jun 2018 Michele Nicoletti
(Italy) (b.
1956)
Soc
25 Jun 2018 - 27 Jan 2020 Liliane Maury Pasquier
(f) (b. 1956)
Soc
(Switzerland)
27 Jan 2020 - 24 Jan 2022 Hendrik "Rik" Daems
(Belgium) (b. 1959)
RE
24 Jan 2022 - 22 Jan 2024 Martinus "Tiny"
Josephus Maria Kox (b.
1953)
UEL
(The
Netherlands)
22 Jan 2024
-
Theódoros Rousópoulos (Greece)
(b.
1963)
EPP
Presidents of the European Court of Human Rights
21 Jan 1959 - 3 May 1965 Arnold Duncan
McNair, Baron McNair (b. 1885 - d. 1975)
(U.K.)
20 May 1965 - 15 Jun 1968 René Samuel Cassin
(France) (b. 1887 - d.
1976)
27 Sep 1968 - 5 May 1971 Henri Marthe Sylvie
Rolin (Belgium)(b. 1891 - d. 1973)
5 May 1971 - 21 Jan 1974 Sir Claud Humphrey
Meredith Waldock(b. 1904 - d. 1981)
(U.K.)
8 May 1974 - 9 Dec 1980 Giorgio
Balladore Pallieri (Italy) (b. 1905 - d. 1980)
30 Jan 1981 - 30 May 1985 Gérard Johannes Wiarda
(b. 1906 - d.
1988)
(The Netherlands)
30 May 1985 - 18 Feb 1998 Rolv Einar Rasmussen
Ryssdal (b. 1914 - d.
1998)
(Norway)
24 Mar 1998 - 31 Oct 1998 Rudolf Bernhardt
(Germany)
(b. 1925 - d. 2021)
1 Nov 1998 - 18 Jan 2007 Luzius Wildhaber
(Switzerland) (b. 1937 - d.
2020)
19 Jan 2007 - 3 Nov 2011 Jean-Paul Costa
(France)
(b. 1941 - d. 2023)
4 Nov 2011 - 31 Oct 2012 Sir Nicolas Dusan
Bratza (U.K.) (b. 1945)
1 Nov 2012 - 31 Oct 2015 Dean Spielmann
(Luxembourg)
(b. 1962)
1 Nov 2015 - 5 May 2019 Guido Raimondi
(Italy)
(b. 1953)
5 May 2019 - 17 May 2020
Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos
(b. 1960)
(Greece)
18 May 2020 - 31 Oct 2022 Róbert Ragnar Spanó
(Iceland) (b. 1972)
1 Nov 2022 - 1 Jul 2024 Síofra O'Leary
(f) (Ireland) (b.
1968)
2 Jul 2024
-
Marko Bošnjak
(Slovenia)
(b. 1974)
Commissioners for Human Rights
15 Oct 1999 - 31 Mar 2006 Álvaro Gil-Robles y
Gil-Delgado (b. 1944)
(Spain)
1 Apr 2006 - 31 Mar 2012 Thomas Hammarberg
(Sweden) (b. 1942)
1 Apr 2012 - 31 Mar 2018 Nils Muižnieks
(Latvia) (b.
1964)
1 Apr 2018 - 31 Mar 2024 Dunja Mijatović
(f)
(b. 1964)
(Bosnia-Hercegovina)
1 Apr 2024
-
Michael O' Flaherty (Ireland) (b.
1959)
CE membership (46)
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
5 May 1949 |
Belgium, Denmark, France,
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom |
9 Aug 1949 |
Greece1 |
3 Mar 1950 |
Iceland |
13 Apr 1950 |
Turkey2 |
13 Jul 1950 |
(West) Germany3 |
16 Apr 1956 |
Austria |
24 May 1961 |
Cyprus |
6 May 1963 |
Switzerland |
29 Apr 1965 |
Malta |
22 Sep 1976 |
Portugal |
24 Nov 1977 |
Spain |
23 Nov 1978 |
Liechtenstein |
16 Nov 1988 |
San Marino |
5 May 1989 |
Finland |
6 Nov 1990 |
Hungary |
21 Jan 1991
|
Czechoslovakia4
|
29 Nov 1991 |
Poland |
7 May 1992 |
Bulgaria |
14 May 1993 |
Estonia, Lithuania, Slovenia |
30 Jun 1993 |
Czech Republic, Slovakia |
7 Oct 1993 |
Romania |
10 Oct 1994 |
Andorra |
10 Feb 1995 |
Latvia |
13 Jul 1995 |
Albania, Moldova |
9 Nov 1995 |
Macedonia5,
Ukraine |
28 Feb 1996 |
Russia6 |
6 Nov 1996 |
Croatia |
27 Apr 1999 |
Georgia |
25 Jan 2001 |
Armenia, Azerbaijan |
24 Apr 2002 |
Bosnia and Hercegovina |
3 Apr 2003 |
Serbia and Montenegro7 |
5 Oct 2004 |
Monaco |
11 May 2007
|
Montenegro
|
1Greece
withdrew 12 Dec 1969, rejoined 28
Nov 1974.
2from
1 Jun 2022 Türkiye.
3(West) Germany an associate
member to 2 May 1951. 4Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec 1992. 5as
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to 2019;
from 2 Feb 2019, North Macedonia. 6Russia
voting rights suspended 10 Apr 2014 - 25 Jun
2019; suspended from rights of representation 25
Feb 2022; withdrew 15 Mar 2022 to be effective
31 Dec 2022; expelled 16 Mar 2022.
7from 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by
Serbia. |
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Member of CE
|
13 Jul 1950
|
Saarland8
|
8Saarland
withdrew 31 Dec 1956, part of (West)
Germany 1 Jan 1957.
|
Party abbreviations: Soc
= Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group (named Socialist
Group to Aug 2017); EC = European Conservatives
Group and Democratic Alliance (conservative, former ED, to
2019 named European Conservatives Group, est.2014);
EPP = Group of European People's
Party (center-right, christian democratic, 1999-2009 named
Group of European People's Party-European
Democrats [EPP-ED], est.8 Jul 1976);
RE = Renew Europe/Renouveler l'Europe (liberal,
centrist, former ALDE, est.20 Jun 2019); UEL
= Group of the Unified European Left (left-wing,
est.2004);
- Former
groupings: ALDE
= Group of the Alliance of Liberals and
Democrats for Europe/Alliance des Démocrates et des
Libéraux pour l'Europe (liberal and
centrist, former ELDR, est.20 Jul 2004-20 Jun 2019,
renamed RE); CD =
Christian Democrat Group (1965-1976); Cen
= Centrist; Con =
Conservative; Dem =
Democrat; ED = European
Democrats Group (conservative, 1970-1979 named
Group of Independent Representatives,
conservative, Eurosceptic, 17 Jul 1979-1 May 1992,
2009-2014, renamed EC); Lib
= Liberals and Allies Group (liberal, named 1976-13 Dec
1985 Liberal and Democratic Group, 13 Dec 1985-19 Jul 1994
named Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group, from 19 Jul
1994 named Group of the European Liberal Democrat and
Reform Party, 23 Jun 1953 - 20 Jul 2004, renamed
ALDE)
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA/COMECON)
23 Jan 1949 - 28 Jun 1991
|
Headquarters:
Moscow
(Soviet Union)
|
CMEA Charter
(14 Dec 1959)
|
8 Jan
1949
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA)("COMECON")
(Sovet Ekonomicheskoy Vzaimopomoshchi)
established by U.S.S.R.
and
other communist bloc nations.
Jul 1971
Comprehensive Program for the Further Extension
and Improvement
of Cooperation and the Further
Development of Socialist
Economic Integration by the Comecon Member
Countries adopted.
17-18 Dec 1985
Comprehensive Program for Scientific and Technical
Progress
up to the Year 2000 adopted.
28 Jun
1991
COMECON agrees to dissolve in 90 days (effective 28 Aug
1991).
Secretaries to the Council (all from
Soviet Union)
26
Apr 1949 - 24 Nov 1950 Aleksandr Ivanovich
Loshchakov (b. 1910 - d. 2010)
24 Nov 1950 - 20 May 1958
Aleksandr A. Pavlov
20
May 1958 - 20 Oct 1983 Nikolay Vasilyevich Fadeyev
(b. 1911 - d. ....)
(Faddeyev)
20
Oct 1983 - 28 Aug 1991 Vyacheslav Vladimirovich
Sychev (b. 1933 - d. 2023)
(Sychyov)
COMECON membership
Date of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
25 Jan 1949 |
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet
Union |
21 Feb 1949 |
Albania1 |
29 Sep 1950 |
East Germany2 |
7 Jun 1962 |
Mongolia |
11 Jul 1972 |
Cuba |
29 Jun 1978 |
Vietnam |
1Albania
inactive since Dec 1961, but did not
formally withdraw. 2East
Germany withdrew 2 Oct 1990. |
|
Date of
Admission
|
Associate Member of Comecon
|
17 Sep 1964
|
Yugoslavia
|
Customs
Cooperation Council (CCC): see World
Customs Organization (WCO)
Danube Commission
-
- 1878 - 1948 CED Flag
- (in use from c.1861)
|
-
- Adopted 14 Dec 1950
|
-
- Reverse
|
DC
website
|
Headquarters: Budapest (Hungary)
(Galați/Galatz, Romania
1856-1954; Technical Cmte. HQ: Sulina,
Romania 1856-1938)
|
30 Mar 1856
European Commission of the Danube (Commission
Européenne
du Danube)(CED)(first meets on 4 Nov
1856) created by the
Treaty of Paris at the close of the Crimean War (the CED's
term extended 24 Apr 1866, 13 Mar 1871, and 10 Mar 1883).
2 Nov 1865
Public Act placed the CED ", its officers,
works and establishments
under the
protection of international law."
13 Jul
1878
Treaty of Berlin provided CED act "completely
independently from
the
territorial government."
7 May 1918 - Nov 1918
Commission of the Mouth (Estuary) of the Danube, created
by the
Central
Powers (members: Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria,
Germany,
Ottoman
Empire, and Rumania).
Nov 1918 - 1919
Allies form the Commandement de la
Navigation du Danube, with
Ernest Troubridge (U.K.)(b. 1862 - d. 1926) as Admiral
Commanding
on the
Danube.
23 Jul 1921
European Commission of the Danube (Commission
Européenne
du Danube)(CED)(revived), created by the Definitive
Statute of
the Danube, provided for in the Treaty of Versailles
(effective
30 Jun 1922).
23 Jul 1921 - 12 Sep 1940 International Commission
of the Danube (CID)(Commission
Internationale du Danube) created to administer the
upper Danube
River
(from Brăila, Rumania to Ulm,
Germany)(members: Austria to
13 Mar
1938, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia to 15 Mar 1939, France,
Italy,
Germany to 14 Nov 1936, Rumania, and U.K.).
18 Aug
1938
"Sinaia Arrangement" ends the supranational power the CED
had
hitherto
exercised over the Maritime Danube (ratified 9 May 1939)
12 Sep 1940 - 1944
Council of the
Fluvial Danube (for the Danube from Brăila, Rumania
to
Bratislava, Slovakia), in Vienna chaired by Germany
(members:
Bulgaria,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Rumania, Slovakia,
Yugoslavia
[to 17 Apr 1941], and Soviet Union [20 Feb
- Jun 1941]).
10 Feb
1947
Paris Peace Treaties signed by the Allies with Romania,
Hungary,
and
Bulgaria guarantee free navigation of the Danube River.
18 Aug
1948
The
Danube Commission (DC)(Commission du Danube/Donaukommission/
Dunayskaya Komissiya) created by the Belgrade
Convention
(enters
into force 11 May 1949, first meeting on 11 Nov 1949).
23 Apr 1977
France, Greece, Italy, U.K, with
Romania in Rome transfer and
redistribute the assets of the former CED (in force 4 Feb
1981).
Secretary-general of the Central Office (Bureau
Central)
Jul 1857 - 1872
Édmond Mohler
(France)
(d. 1883)
Secretaries-general of the
Internal Administration
1872 - 1873
Édmond Mohler (1st time)(France)
(s.a.)
1874 - 1878
E. de Wolf (Wolff)(Germany)
(1st time)
1878 -
1883
Édmond Mohler (2nd time)(France) (s.a.)
1883 -
1888
E. de Wolf (Wolff)(Germany)
(2nd
time) (acting)
Secretaries of the Internal Administration
1888 - 1892
Henri Bellanger (France)
1892 -
1903
Auguste Gauvain (France)
(b. 1861 - d. 1931)
1903 - 21 Mar 1906
J.M. Savoye
(France)
(b. 18.. - d. 1906)
1906 - 1908
Gaston Donnet (France)
(b. 1867 - d. 1908)
1908 - 1911
Gustave Demorgny
(France)
(b. 1869 - d. 1937)
1911 - 1913
Francis Rey (France)
Secretaries-general of the European Commission of the
Danube
1913 - 1938
Francis Rey (France)
1938 - 194.
Étienne Thilly (France)
Secretary of the Danube Commission
Nov 1949 - 1953
Grigoriy Nikolayevich Morozov
(Soviet
Union)
Directors of the Secretariat and Operational Services
of the Danube Commission
1953 - 1960
Kiril Halachev (Bulgaria)
(b. 1900 - d. 1972)
1960 - 1963
Martin Rusu (Romania)
1963 - 1966
Nae Androne (Romania)
1966 - 1972
Luka Yakovlevich Kapikrayan
(b. 1913 - d. 1988)
(Soviet
Union)
Directors of the Secretariat of the Danube
Commission
1972 - 1978
György Antal Fekete
(Hungary) (b. 1919 - d. 1996)
1978 - 1984
Ľudovít Kincel
(Czechoslovakia)
1984 - 1990
Đorđe (Djordje)
Lalošević (b. 1928 -
d. 1996)
(Yugoslavia)
1990 - 1994
Hellmuth Strasser
(Austria) (b. 1934 - d.
2019)
Directors-general of
the Secretariat of the Danube
Commission
1994 - 2000
Hellmuth Strasser (Austria)
(s.a.)
1 Jul 2000 - 2007
Danail Nedialkov (Bulgaria)
(b. 1954)
2007 - 2013
István Valkár (Hungary)
(b. 1950)
1 Jul 2013 - 30 Jun 2019 Petar Margić
(Croatia)
(b. 1953)
1 Jul 2019 -
Manfred Seitz
(Austria)
(b. 1963)
Presidents of the Danube Commission
Nov 1949 - 1950
Teodor Rudenco (Romania)
(b. 1909 - d. 1967)
1950 - 1954
Grigore Preoteasa (Romania)
(b. 1915 - d. 1957)
1954 -
1957
Endre Sik (Hungary)
(b. 1891 - d. 1978)
1957 -
1960
Karel Štekl (Czechoslovakia)
(b. 1911 - d. ....)
1960 - 1961
Slavoljub Petrović (Yugoslavia)
(b. 1920 - d. 2013)
1961 - 1963
Mustafa Vilović (Yugoslavia)
(b. 1917 - d. 19..)
1963 -
1965
Georgiy Apollinaryevich Denisov
(b. 1909 - d. 1996)
(Soviet Union)
1965 -
1966
Fyodor Yegorovich
Titov
(b. 1910 - d. 1989)
(Soviet Union)
1966 -
1969
Vassil Bogdanov (Bulgaria)
(b. c.1913)
1969 -
1972
Kurt Enderl (Austria)
(b. 1913 - d. 1985)
1972 -
1975
Ioan "Ion" Cotoţ (Romania)
(b. 1921)
1975 -
1978
Václav Moravec (Czechoslovakia)
1978 -
1981
István Roska (Hungary)
(b. 1926 - d. 2008)
1981 -
1984
Radovan Urošev (Yugoslavia)
(b. 1919 - d. 2004)
1984 - 1985
Vladimir Nikolayevich Bazovskiy
(b. 1917 - d. 1993)
(Soviet
Union)
1985 - 1987
Boris Ivanovich Stukalin
(b. 1923 - d. 2004)
(Soviet
Union)
1987 - 1989
Venelin Todorov Kotsev (Bulgaria) (b.
1926 - d. 2002)
1989 - 1990
Vesselin Filev
(Bulgaria)
1990 - 1991
Simion Pop (Romania)
(b. 1930 - d. 2008)
1991 - 1993
Ion Diaconu (Romania)
(b. 1938)
1993 - 1996
György Misur
(Hungary) (b.
1933 - d. 2021)
1996 - 1999
Eva Mitrová
(f)(Slovakia) (b.
1937)
1999 - 2000
Július Hauser (Slovakia)
(b. 1953)
2000 - 2002
Hellmuth Strasser (Austria)
(s.a.)
2002 - 2005
Stanko Nick (Croatia)
(b. 1935 - d. 2010)
May 2005 - 2008
Milovan Božinović
(Serbia) (b. 1947)
2008 - 14 Dec 2009 Igor
Sergeyevich Savolskiy
(b. 1943 - d. 2020)
(Russia)
28 Dec 2009 - 4 Jun 2011 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Tolkach (b. 1948)
(Russia)
4 Jun 2011 - 30 May 2012 Dimitar Ikonomov
(Bulgaria) (b. 1955)
30 May 2012 - 3 Jun 2014 Biserka Benisheva
(f) (Bulgaria) (b. 1953)
3 Jun 2014 - 9 Jun 2017 Rade Drobac
(Serbia)
(b. 1950)
9 Jun 2017 - 11 Dec 2020
Gordan Grlić Radman (Croatia) (b.
1958)
11 Dec 2020 -
Liubov Vasilovna Nepop (f)(Ukraine)(b. 1971)
Danube Commission membership (11)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
11 May 1949 |
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia1,
Hungary, Romania,
Soviet Union2,
Ukrainian S.S.R.3,
Yugoslavia4 |
7 Jan 1960
|
Austria
|
1 Jan 1993
|
Slovakia
|
26 Mar 1998
|
Croatia, Germany, Moldova
|
4 Feb 2003
|
Serbia4 |
1Czechoslovakia
dissolved 31 Dec
1992; on 1 Jan 1993
membership succeeded by Slovakia. 2Soviet
Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991,
membership succeeded by Russia; Russia
suspended from 17 Mar 2022. 3from
1991 Ukraine. 4from 4
Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5
Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.
|
|
European
Commission of the Danube (CED) membership
1856-1948
|
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
30 Mar 1856
|
Austria1, France,
Prussia2,
Russia3,
Sardinia4,
Ottoman Empire5,
United Kingdom
|
13 Jul 1878
|
Rumania
|
13 May 1939
|
Germany2 |
1as
Austria-Hungary 21 Dec 1867-31 Oct 1918;
membership terminated 10 Jan 1920.
2from
1 Jan 1871 Germany; membership
terminated 10 Jan 1920, re-joined 13 May
1939. 3Russia
membership terminated 10 Jan
1920. 4from
17 Mar 1861 Italy. 5Ottoman
membership terminated 10 Jan
1920.
|
Dutch Language Union (Taalunie) (DLU)
9 Sep 1980
Treaty on the Dutch Language
Union signed.
1 Apr 1982
Dutch Language Union (Nederlandse
Taalunie).
Secretaries-general
1 Jan 1982 - 1 Apr 1984 Bernard
J.E.M. de
Hoog
(b. 1918 - d. 1984)
(The Netherlands)
1984 - 1992
Oscar de Wandel
(Belgium/Flemish) (b. 1947)
1 Mar 1993 - 31 Dec 1997 Greetje van
den Bergh (f) (b. 1947)
(The Netherlands)
1 Jan 1998 - 1 Apr 1998
Johanna Lamberdina Maria "Joep" (b. 1939
- d. 2017)
Baartmans-van den Boogaart (f)
(The Netherlands)(acting)
1 Apr 1998 - Sep 2004
Koen "Piet" Jaspaert
(b. 1957)
(Belgium/Flemish)
1 Nov 2004 - 24 Apr 2012
Linde van den Bosch (f)
(b. 1963)
(The Netherlands)
24 Apr 2012 - 1 Jan 2013 Marc le
Clercq (The Netherlands)
+ Michel Penders
(Belgium/Flemish)
(acting)
1 Jan 2013 - 31 Aug 2016 Geert Joris
(Belgium/Flemish) (b. 1960)
1 Sep 2016 - 31 Jan 2017 Maya Rispens
(f)(The Netherlands)
+ Kevin De Coninck
(Belgium/Flemish)
(acting)
1 Feb 2017 - 29 Feb 2020
Hans Bennis (The Netherlands)
(b. 1951)
1 Mar 2020 - 8 Jun 2023 Kris Van
de Poel (f)
(b. 1950)
(Belgium/Flemish)
9 Jun 2023 - 1 Jul 2023 Gerbert
Gerrit Pieter Grades Kunst (b. 1966)
(The Netherlands)
+ Leander Price (Belgium/Flemish)
+ Catia Cucchiarini (f)(Netherlands)
(acting for Kunst)
+ Steven Vanhooren (Belgium/Flemish)
(acting for Price)
(acting)
1 Jul 2023
-
Luc Delrue (Belgium/Flemish)
(b. 1958)
(interim)
DLU membership (3)
Date of
Admission |
Members |
1 Apr 1982
|
Flemish Community (Belgium), The
Netherlands1
|
12 Dec 2003
|
Suriname2
|
1from 27 Nov
2013 membership extended to include the Caribbean
Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius).
On 8 Feb 2019 Aruba, Curaçao and Sint-Maarten sign
Declaration of Intent for Dutch as a Foreign
Language. 2Suriname
an associate member.
|
East African Community
(EAC)
-
- 1961 - 1968 EACSO
|
-
- 5 Nov 1968 - 1 Jul 1977 EAC
|
-
- Adopted 1 May 1997
|
EAC website
|
Headquarters: Arusha
(Tanzania)
(EAC:
Arusha 1967-77;
EAHC and EACSO:
Nairobi, Kenya
1948-1967)
|
EAC
Anthem
"Wimbo wa Jumuiya
Afrika Mashariki"
(East African
Community Anthem)
Adopted 3 Dec 2010
|
ECA Day: 30
Nov (1993)
East African
Community Day |
1 Jan 1948
East Africa High Commission (EAHC)
established (by the East
Africa
[High Commission] Order-in-Council, 19 Dec 1947).
9 Dec
1961
East African Common Services Organization
(EACSO)(replacing
the East Africa High Commission).
6 Jun
1967
East African Community (EAC) established (treaty signed
on
1 Dec 1967).
1 Jul
1977
EAC dissolved.
30 Nov 1993
"Agreement
establishing the Permanent Commission for East
African Co-operation" signed.
14 Mar
1996
Secretariat of the Permanent Tripartite
Commission for East
African
Co-operation inaugurated.
30 Nov
1999
"Treaty for the Establishment of the East
African Community"
signed (enters into force 7 Jul 2000).
7 Jul 2000
East African Community re-established (formal launch 15
Jan 2001).
30 Nov 2001
East African
Legislative Assembly and East African Court of
Justice
established.
1 Jan 2005
EAC Customs Union
operational (common market 1 Jan 2010).
Chairmen of the East Africa High Commission
1 Jan 1948 - 9 Dec 1961 the
governors of Kenya
Secretaries-general of the East
African Common Services Organization
9 Dec 1961 - Mar 1962
Sir Edgeworth Beresford David (UK) (b. 1908 - d. 1965)
(administrator)
Mar 1962 - 1963
Amishadai Larson
Adu (Ghana) (b. 1914
- d. 1977)
Jan 1964 - 1 Dec 1967
Dunstan Alfred Omari (Tanzania) (b.
1922 - d. 1993)
Secretaries-general of the
East African Community
1 Dec 1967 -
1968 Dunstan
Alfred Omari (Tanzania) (s.a.)
1968 - Jun
1971
Zerubaberi Hosea Kwamya Bigirwenkya(b. 1927 -
d. 1992)
(Uganda)
Jun 1971 - 25 Apr 1974
Charles Gatere Maina
(Kenya) (b. 1931 -
d. 2018)
25 Apr 1974 - 1 Feb 1977 Edwin
Isaac Mbiliewi
Mtei
(b. 1932)
(Tanzania)
1 Feb 1977 - 14 Mar
1996 Post abolished
Secretary-general of
the Permanent Tripartite Commission
for East African Co-operation
14 Mar 1996 - 7 Jul 2000
Francis Kirimi Muthaura (Kenya) (b.
1946)
Secretaries-general
of the East African Community
7 Jul 2000 - 24 Apr
2001 Francis Kirimi Muthaura
(Kenya) (s.a.)
24 Apr 2001 - 24 Apr 2006 Nuwe Amanya Mushega
(Uganda) (b. 1946)
25 Apr 2006 - 24 Apr 2011 Juma Volter
Mwapachu (Tanzania) (b. 1942)
25 Apr 2011 - 24 Apr 2016 Richard
Sezibera
(Rwanda)
(b. 1964)
25 Apr 2016 - 24 Apr 2021
Libérat Mfumukeko (Burundi)
(b. 1964)
25 Apr 2021 - 16 Apr 2024 Peter Mutuku Mathuki
(Kenya) (b. 1969)
16 Apr 2024 -
Annette Mutaawe Ssemuwemba (f)
(Uganda)
(interim)
Speakers of the East African Legislative Assembly
29 Nov 2001 - 5 Jun 2007
Abdulrahman O. Kinana (Tanzania) (b. 1951)
5 Jun 2007 - 5 Jun
2012 Abdirahin Haithar Abdi
(Kenya) (b. 1967?)
5 Jun 2012 - 17 Dec 2014
Margaret N. Zziwa (f) (Uganda)
(b. 1963)
19 Dec 2014 - 17 Dec 2017 Daniel Fred
Kidega
(Uganda) (b.
1973)
19 Dec 2017 - 19 Dec 2022 Martin Karoli Ngoga
(Rwanda)
20 Dec 2022
-
Joseph Ntakirutimana (Burundi)
Judge Presidents of the East African Court of
Justice
1 Dec 2001 - Nov 2007
Moijo Mataiya ole Keiwua (Kenya) (b. 1944? -
d. 2011)
Jul 2008 - Oct
2008 Joseph
Nyamihana Mulenga (Uganda) (b. 1938 - d. 2012)
Oct 2008 - May 2014
Harold Reginald Nsekela (Tanzania) (b. 1944 - d. 2020)
May 2014 - Feb
2021 Emmanuel
Ugirashebuja (Rwanda) (b. 1976)
27 Feb 2021 -
Nestor Kayobera (Burundi)
EAC membership (8)
Date of
Admission |
Member Nations |
7 Jul 2000 |
Kenya, Tanzania,
Uganda |
1 Jul 2007
|
Burundi, Rwanda
|
5 Sep 2016
|
South Sudan1 |
8 Apr 2022
|
Congo (Kinshasa)2 |
4 Mar 2024
|
Somalia |
1provisional
member 16 Apr - 5 Sep 2016. 2provisional
member 29 Mar - 11 Jul 2022.
|
|
EAC
membership
1967-1977 |
Date of
Admission
|
Member Nations 1967-1977 |
6 Jun 1967 |
Kenya1,
Tanzania1,
Uganda1 |
1original
EAC dissolved 1 Jul 1977.
|
Economic Community of Central
African States (ECCAS)
18 Dec 1984
Economic Community of Central African
States (ECCAS)
(Communauté
Économique des États de l'Afrique Centrale/
Comunidade
Económica dos Estados da África Central/Comunidad
Económica de los Estados de África Central [CEEAC])
established by Customs and Economic Union of
Central Africa
(Union Douanière et Économique de l'Afrique Centrale)(UDEAC).
1992 - 1999
Inactive.
Secretaries-general
1984 - 1990
Vincent de Paul Lunda Bululu
(b. 1942)
(Zaire)
1991 - 1998
Crispin Kasasa Mutati Chinyata
(b. 1933 - d. 2022)
(Zaire)
1998 - 28 Feb 2012
Louis Sylvain-Goma
(b. 1941)
(Congo [Brazzaville])
28 Feb 2012 - 5 Aug 2013 Nassour
Guelendouksia Ouaido (b.
1947)
(Chad)
5 Aug 2013 - 31 Aug 2020 Ahmad Allam-Mi
(Chad) (b.
1948)
President of the Commission
1 Sep 2020
-
Gilberto da Piedade Veríssimo
(Angola)
ECCAS membership (11)
Date
of
Admission |
Member
Nations |
18 Dec 1984
|
Burundi, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon1, Equatorial
Guinea, São Tomé and Principe, Zaire2
|
21 Jan 1999
|
Angola, Rwanda3
|
1Gabon
suspended from 4 Sep 2023. 2from 1997,
Congo (Kinshasa). 3Rwanda
withdrew Jun 2007, rejoined 17 Aug 2016.
|
Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS)
ECOWAS
website
----------------------------
ECOPARL
website
|
Headquarters:
Abuja
(Nigeria)
(Lagos, Nigeria 1975-1991) |
ECOWAS Day:
week of 28 May (1975)
ECOWAS Day
|
28 May
1975
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)(Communauté
Économique des
États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest [CEDEAO]/
Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental)
established.
20 Jun 1975
ECOWAS treaty enters into force.
14 Mar 2002
ECOWAS parliament established.
Executive Secretaries
Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1984
Aboubakar Diaby
Ouattara
(b. 1938)
(Ivory Coast)
1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1988 Momodu
Munu (Sierra
Leone)
(b. 1938 - d. 2021)
1 Jan 1989 - 31 Jan 1993 Abass Bundu (Sierra
Leone)
(b. 1948)
1 Feb 1993 - 30 Sep 1997 Édouard Benjamin
(Guinea)
(b. 1941 - d. 2017)
1 Oct 1997 - 6 Feb 2002 Lansana
Kouyaté
(Guinea)
(b. 1950)
6 Feb 2002 - 1 Jan 2007
Mohamed Ibn Chambas
(Ghana) (b.
1950)
Presidents of the Commission
1 Jan 2007 - 16 Feb 2010 Mohamed Ibn Chambas
(Ghana) (s.a.)
16 Feb 2010 - 1 Mar 2012 James
Victor Gbeho (Ghana) (b.
1935)
1 Mar 2012 - 8 Apr 2016 Kadré Désiré
Ouedraogo
(b. 1953)
(Burkina Faso)
8 Apr 2016 - 1 Mar 2018 Marcel Alain
de Souza (Benin) (b. 1953
- d. 2019)
1 Mar 2018 - 13 Jul 2022 Jean-Claude Kassi
Brou (b.
1953)
(Côte d'Ivoire)
13 Jul 2022
-
Omar Alieu Touray (Gambia)
(b. 1965)
Chairmen
1977 -
1978
Gnassingbé Eyadéma
(Togo)
(b. 1937 - d. 2005)
(1st time)
1978 -
1979
Olusegun Obasanjo
(Nigeria) (b.
1937)
1979 -
1980
Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal) (b.
1906 - d. 2001)
1980 -
1981
Gnassingbé Eyadéma
(Togo)
(s.a.)
|