International Organizations A-L

International
Organizations N to W >>

International Organizations A - L

Organizations: African and Malagasy Common Organization (OCAM) - African Development Bank (AfDB) - African Union (AU) - Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) - Andean Community - Antarctic Treaty - Arab League - Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) - Arctic Council - Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) - Asian Development Bank (ADB) - Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) - Association of Caribbean States (ACS) - Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - Bank for International Settlements (BIS) - Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) - Caribbean Community (CARICOM) - Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) - Central American Integration System (SICA) - Central American Parliament (Parlacen) - Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) - Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) - Colombo Plan - Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) - The Commonwealth - Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) - Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) - Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CRLP) - Council of the Baltic States (CBSS) - Council of Europe (CE) - Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON/CMEA) - Danube Commission - Dutch Language Union (Taalunie) (DLU) - East African Community (EAC) - Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) - Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) - Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) - Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) - European Free Trade Association (EFTA) - European Union (EU) - Food and Agriculture Organizations (FAO) - Group of 7 (G-7) - Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) - Ibero-American Cooperation Secretariat (SECIB) - Indian Ocean Commission (COI) - Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) - Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) - Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) - International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) - International Court of Justice (ICJ) - International Criminal Court (ICCt) - International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) - International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) - International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) - International Labour Organization (ILO) - International Maritime Organization (IMO) - International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - International Organization of Francophonie (OIF) - International Olympic Committee (IOC) - International Organization of Space Communications (Intersputnik) - International Organization for Migration (IOM) - International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - International Refugee Organization (IRO) - International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) - International Seabed Authority (ISA) - International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) - Islamic Development Bank (IDB) - Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) - Latin American Parliament (Parlatino) - Latin Union (LU) - League of Nations -

African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP): see Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS)

African and Malagasy Common Organization (OCAM)

Apr 1962 - 23 Mar 1985

Headquarters: Bangui
(Central African Republic)
(Yaoundé, Cameroon 1964-73;
UAM: Cotonou, Benin 1961-64;
OAMCE: Yaoundé 1961-64)

15 Dec 1960 African and Malagasy Organization for Economic Cooperation(OAMCE) (Organisation Africaine et Malgache de CoopérationÉconomique) established. 12 Sep 1961 African and Malagasy Union (Union Africaine et Malgache)(UAM). 10 Mar 1964 African and Malagasy Union for Economic Cooperation (Union Africaine et Malgache de Coopération Économique)(UAMCE); established in succession to OAMCE;charter signed 29 Apr 1964. 12 Feb 1965 African and Malagasy Common Organization (Organisation Commune Africaine et Malgache)(OCAM),established as merger of UAMCE and UAM (charter signed 27 Jun 1966, enters into force 28 Dec 1967).1970 RenamedAfrican, Malagasyand Mauritian Common Organization (Organisation Commune Africaine,Malgache et Mauricienne)(OCAMM).1973 Renamed African and Mauritian Common Organization (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne)(OCAM). 23 Mar 1985 Formally dissolved.

Secretaries-general 1964- 1 Apr 1968 Diakha Dieng (Senegal) (b. 1933) 1968 - 1974 Falilou Kane (Senegal) (b. 1938) 1974 Regis Franchet (Mauritius) 1974 - 1979 Sydney Moutia (Mauritius) (b. 1932) 1979 - 1985 Amri Sued Ismail (Rwanda) (b. 1942)

OCAM Membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`12 Feb 1965`	`Cameroon¹, Central African Republic, Chad¹, Congo (Brazzaville)²,` `Dahomey³, Gabon⁴, Ivory Coast, Madagascar⁵, Mauritania⁶, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Upper Volta⁷`
`26 May 1965`	`Rwanda`
`Jul 1965`	`Congo (Léopoldville)⁸`
`1970`	`Burundi`
`1972`	`Mauritius`
`1977`	`Seychelles⁹`
`¹Cameroon &Chad withdrew 1 Jul 1973.²Congo withdrew 1972.³from 1975 Benin.⁴Gabon` `withdrew 7 Sep 1976.^⁵to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic;withdrew Aug 1973.` `⁶Mauritania withdrew 24 Jun 1965.⁷from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁸1966-1971 Congo (Kinshasa), from 1971 Zaire; withdrew 1972.⁹Seychelles withdrew 1978.`

African Development Bank (AfDB)

[African Development Bank
flag]

AfDB website

Headquarters: Abidjan,
Côte d'Ivoire
(Tunis, Tunisia
Feb 2003 - 8 Sep 2014)

4 Aug 1963 African Development Bank agreement signed. 10 Sep 1964 African Development Bank (AfDB) founded. 29 Nov 1972 African Development Fund, the concessional window of the AfDB Group, created (operational 1974).

Presidents 4 Nov 1964 - 21 Jan 1970 Mamoun Beheiry (The Sudan) (b. 1925 - d. 2002) 21 Jan 1970 - 31 Aug 1976 Abdelwahab Labidi (Tunisia) (b. 1929 - d. ....) (interim to 31 Aug 1970) 1 Sep 1976 - 31 Aug 1980 Kwame Donkoh Fordwor (Ghana) (b. 1933) Jul 1979 - 31 Aug 1980 Goodall Edward Gondwe (Malawi) (b. 1936) (acting for Fordwor) 1 Sep 1980 - 31 Aug 1985 Wila D'Israeli Mung'omba (Zambia) (b. 1939 - d. 2014) 1 Sep 1985 - 31 Aug 1995 Babacar Ndiaye (Senegal) (b. 1936 - d. 2017) 1 Sep 1995 - 31 Aug 2005 Omar Kabbaj (Morocco) (b. 1942) 1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2015 Donald Kaberuka (Rwanda) (b. 1951) 1 Sep 2015 - Akinwumi Ayodeji Adesina (Nigeria) (b. 1960)

AfDB membership (81)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

10 Sep 1964 Algeria, Cameroon, Congo (Léopoldville)¹, Dahomey², Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast³, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, The Sudan, Tanzania⁴, Togo, Uganda

11 Sep 1964 Senegal

14 Sep 1964 Egypt

22 Sep 1964 Upper Volta⁵

22 Oct 1964 Somalia

29 Oct 1964 Tunisia

18 Jan 1965 Rwanda

10 Feb 1965 Congo (Brazzaville)

25 Jul 1966 Malawi

1 Sep 1966 Zambia

2 Jan 1968 Burundi

26 Aug 1968 Chad

26 Aug 1970 Central African Republic

26 Jul 1971 Swaziland⁶

31 Mar 1972 Botswana

21 Jul 1972 Libya

31 Dec 1972 Gabon

2 Jul 1973 The Gambia, Lesotho

1 Jan 1974 Mauritius

5 May 1975 Guinea-Bissau

30 Jun 1975 Equatorial Guinea

14 Apr 1976 São Tomé and Príncipe

15 Apr 1976 Cape Verde⁷

3 May 1976 Comoros, Madagascar

4 Jun 1976 Mozambique

20 Sep 1977 Seychelles

12 Jul 1978 Djibouti

10 Apr 1979 United Arab Emirates⁸

5 Sep 1980 Zimbabwe

9 Jan 1981 Angola

15 Dec 1982 Portugal

30 Dec 1982 Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Kuwait, Norway, South Korea, Sweden,
Switzerland, Yugoslavia⁹

31 Dec 1982 Italy

28 Jan 1983 The Netherlands

3 Feb 1983 Japan

8 Feb 1983 United States

18 Feb 1983 (West) Germany

15 Mar 1983 Belgium

30 Mar 1983 Austria

29 Apr 1983 United Kingdom

14 Jul 1983 Brazil

6 Dec 1983 India

15 Dec 1983 Portugal, Saudi Arabia

20 Mar 1984 Spain

10 May 1985 China

2 Jul 1985 Argentina

10 Apr 1994 Namibia

13 May 1994 Eritrea

13 Dec 1995 South Africa

29 Oct 2013 Turkey

29 May 2014 Luxembourg

30 Apr 2015 South Sudan

4 Mar 2020 Ireland

¹1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.²from 1975 Benin. ³from 1985 Côte
d'Ivoire. ⁴United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.⁵from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁶from 2018 Eswatini.⁷from 2013 Cabo Verde.⁸U.A.E. only a member of African Development Fund (ADF)and not of the AfDB.⁹Yugoslavia expelled 31 Dec 1992.

African Union (AU)


1970 - 31 Jan 2010


Official Variant 8 Jul 2004 - 31 Jan 2010


Adopted 31 Jan 2010

African Union website

Hear African Union
Anthem
(French) "Unissons-nous
tous et célébrons
ensemble"; (Portuguese)
"Vamos todos nos unir e
celebrar juntos; (Swahili)
"Hebu wote kuungana na
kusherehekea pamoja";
(Arabic) "`dyuna ntxhd
gmiya unxhtfl mya"‎)

Text of AU Anthem
(former OAU anthem)
"Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together"

Headquarters:
Addis Ababa
(Ethiopia)
(Pan-African Parliament:
Midrand, South Africa)

AU Day: 25 May (1963)
Africa Day

25 May 1963 Organization of African Unity (OAU). 9 Jul 2002 African Union (AU). 18 Mar 2004 Pan-African Parliament established. 21 Mar 2018 Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) signed (in force from 30 May 2019).

Secretaries-general 25 May 1963 - 21 Jul 1964 Kifle Wodajo (Ethiopia) (acting) (b. 1936 - d. 2004) 21 Jul 1964 - 15 Jun 1972 Diallo Telli (Guinea) (b. 1925 - d. 1977) 15 Jun 1972 - 16 Jun 1974 Nzo Ekangaki (Cameroon) (b. 1934 - d. 2005) 16 Jun 1974 - 21 Jul 1978 William Eteki Mboumoua (Cameroon) (b. 1933 - d. 2016) 21 Jul 1978 - 12 Jun 1983 Édouard "Edem" Kodjovi Kodjo (Togo)(b. 1938 - d. 2020) 12 Jun 1983 - 20 Jul 1985 Peter Onu (Nigeria) (acting) (b. 1931 - d. 1997) 20 Jul 1985 - 19 Sep 1989 Ide Oumarou (Niger) (b. 1937 - d. 2002) 19 Sep 1989 - 17 Sep 2001 Salim Ahmed Salim (Tanzania) (b. 1942) 17 Sep 2001 - 9 Jul 2002 Amara Essy (Côte d'Ivoire) (b. 1944) Chairmen of the Commission 9 Jul 2002 - 16 Sep 2003 Amara Essy (Côte d'Ivoire) (s.a.) (interim) 16 Sep 2003 - 28 Apr 2008 Alpha Oumar Konaré (Mali) (b. 1946) 28 Apr 2008 - 15 Oct 2012 Jean Ping (Gabon) (b. 1942)15 Oct 2012 - 14 Mar 2017 Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma (f) (b. 1949) (South Africa) 14 Mar 2017 - Moussa Faki (Chad) (b. 1960)

Chairmen 25 May 1963 - 17 Jul 1964 Haile Selassie (Ethiopia) (b. 1892 - d. 1975) (1st time) 17 Jul 1964 - 21 Oct 1965 Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt) (b. 1918 - d. 1970) 21 Oct 1965 - 24 Feb 1966 Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana) (b. 1909 - d. 1972) 24 Feb 1966 - 5 Nov 1966 Joseph Arthur Ankrah (Ghana) (b. 1915 - d. 1992) 5 Nov 1966 - 11 Sep 1967 Haile Selassie (Ethiopia) (s.a.) (2nd time) 11 Sep 1967 - 13 Sep 1968 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (Congo [K.]) (b. 1930 - d. 1997) 13 Sep 1968 - 6 Sep 1969 Houari Boumedienne (Algeria) (b. 1932? - d. 1978) 6 Sep 1969 - 1 Sep 1970 Ahmadou Ahidjo (Cameroon) (b. 1924 - d. 1989) 1 Sep 1970 - 21 Jun 1971 Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia) (1st time) (b. 1924) 21 Jun 1971 - 12 Jun 1972 Moktar Ould Daddah (Mauritania) (b. 1924 - d. 2003) 12 Jun 1972 - 27 May 1973 Hassan II (Morocco) (b. 1929 - d. 1999) 27 May 1973 - 12 Jun 1974 Yakubu Gowon (Nigeria) (b. 1934) 12 Jun 1974 - 28 Jul 1975 Mohamed Siad Barre (Somalia) (b. 1919? - d. 1995) 28 Jul 1975 - 2 Jul 1976 Idi Amin (Uganda) (b. 1925? - d. 2003) 2 Jul 1976 - 2 Jul 1977 Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (b. 1900 - d. 1985) (Mauritius) 2 Jul 1977 - 18 Jul 1978 Omar Bongo (Gabon) (b. 1935 - d. 2009) 18 Jul 1978 - 12 Jul 1979 Gaafar Nimeiry (The Sudan) (b. 1930 - d. 2009) 12 Jul 1979 - 12 Apr 1980 William R. Tolbert, Jr. (Liberia) (b. 1913 - d. 1980) 28 Apr 1980 - 1 Jul 1980 Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal) (b. 1906 - d. 2001) (acting) 1 Jul 1980 - 24 Jun 1981 Siaka Stevens (Sierra Leone) (b. 1905 - d. 1988) 24 Jun 1981 - 6 Jun 1983 Daniel arap Moi (Kenya) (b. 1924 - d. 2020) 6 Jun 1983 - 12 Nov 1984 Mengistu Haile Mariam (Ethiopia) (b. 1937) 12 Nov 1984 - 18 Jul 1985 Julius Nyerere (Tanzania) (b. 1922 - d. 1999) 18 Jul 1985 - 28 Jul 1986 Abdou Diouf (Senegal) (1st time) (b. 1935) 28 Jul 1986 - 27 Jul 1987 Denis Sassou-Nguesso (Congo) (b. 1943) (1st time) 27 Jul 1987 - 25 May 1988 Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia) (2nd time) (s.a.) 25 May 1988 - 24 Jul 1989 Moussa Traoré (Mali) (b. 1936) 24 Jul 1989 - 9 Jul 1990 Hosni Mubarak (Egypt) (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2020) 9 Jul 1990 - 3 Jun 1991 Yoweri Museveni (Uganda) (b. 1944?) 3 Jun 1991 - 29 Jun 1992 Ibrahim Babangida (Nigeria) (b. 1941) 29 Jun 1992 - 28 Jun 1993 Abdou Diouf (Senegal) (2nd time) (s.a.) 28 Jun 1993 - 13 Jun 1994 Hosni Mubarak (Egypt) (2nd time) (s.a.) 13 Jun 1994 - 26 Jun 1995 Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (Tunisia) (b. 1936 - d. 2019) 26 Jun 1995 - 8 Jul 1996 Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia) (b. 1955 - d. 2012) 8 Jul 1996 - 2 Jun 1997 Paul Biya (Cameroon) (b. 1933) 2 Jun 1997 - 8 Jun 1998 Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe) (b. 1924 - d. 2019) (1st time) 8 Jun 1998 - 12 Jul 1999 Blaise Compaoré (Burkina Faso) (b. 1951) 12 Jul 1999 - 10 Jul 2000 Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria) (b. 1937) 10 Jul 2000 - 9 Jul 2001 Gnassingbé Eyadéma (Togo) (b. 1937 - d. 2005) 9 Jul 2001 - 2 Jan 2002 Frederick Chiluba (Zambia) (b. 1943 - d. 2011) 2 Jan 2002 - 9 Jul 2002 Levy Mwanawasa (Zambia) (b. 1948 - d. 2008) 9 Jul 2002 - 10 Jul 2003 Thabo Mbeki (South Africa) (b. 1942) 10 Jul 2003 - 6 Jul 2004 Joaquim Chissano (Mozambique) (b. 1939) 6 Jul 2004 - 24 Jan 2006 Olusegun Obasanjo (Nigeria) (b. 1937) 24 Jan 2006 - 29 Jan 2007 Denis Sassou-Nguesso (Congo [B.]) (s.a.) (2nd time) 29 Jan 2007 - 31 Jan 2008 John Kufuor (Ghana) (b. 1938) 31 Jan 2008 - 2 Feb 2009 Jakaya Kikwete (Tanzania) (b. 1950) 2 Feb 2009 - 31 Jan 2010 Muammar al-Qaddafi (Libya) (b. 1942 - d. 2011)31 Jan 2010 - 30 Jan 2011 Bingu wa Mutharika (Malawi) (b. 1934 - d. 2012) 30 Jan 2011 - 29 Jan 2012 Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (b. 1942) (Equatorial Guinea) 29 Jan 2012 - 27 Jan 2013 Thomas Yayi Boni (Benin) (b. 1952) 27 Jan 2013 - 30 Jan 2014 Hailemariam Desalegn (Ethiopia) (b. 1965)30 Jan 2014 - 30 Jan 2015 Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz (b. 1956) (Mauritania) 30 Jan 2015 - 30 Jan 2016 Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe) (s.a.) (2nd time) 30 Jan 2016 - 30 Jan 2017 Idriss Déby Itno (Chad) (b. 1952) 30 Jan 2017 - 28 Jan 2018 Alpha Condé (Guinea) (b. 1938) 28 Jan 2018 - 10 Feb 2019 Paul Kagame (Rwanda) (b. 1957)10 Feb 2019 - 9 Feb 2020 Abdel Fattah al-Sisi (Egypt) (b. 1954) 9 Feb 2020 - Cyril Ramaphosa (South Africa) (b. 1952)

[Pan-African Parliament
flag]

Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament 18 Mar 2004 - 29 May 2009 Gertrude Ibengwe Mongella (f) (b. 1945) (Tanzania)29 May 2009 - 28 May 2012 Idriss NdéléMoussa (Chad) (b. 1959 - d. 2013)28 May 2012 - 29 May 2015 Bethel Nnaemeka Amadi (Nigeria) (b. 1964 - d. 2019) 29 May 2015 - Roger Nkodo Dang (Cameroon) (b. 1963)

Secretary-general of the African Continental Free Trade Area 19 Mar 2020 - Wamkele Mene (South Africa)

AU membership (55)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

25 May 1963 Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic¹, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Léopoldville)², Dahomey³, Egypt⁴, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea⁵, Ivory Coast⁶, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar⁷, Mali⁸, Mauritania⁹, Morocco¹⁰, Niger¹¹, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, The Sudan¹², Tanganyika¹³, Togo¹⁴, Tunisia, Uganda, Upper Volta¹⁵, Zanzibar¹³

13 Dec 1963 Kenya

13 Jul 1964 Malawi

16 Dec 1964 Zambia

9 Mar 1965 The Gambia

31 Oct 1966 Botswana, Lesotho

23 Aug 1968 Mauritius

24 Sep 1968 Swaziland¹⁶

12 Oct 1968 Equatorial Guinea

19 Nov 1973 Guinea-Bissau¹⁷

11 Feb 1976 Angola

18 Jul 1975 Cape Verde¹⁸, Comoros¹⁹, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe

29 Jun 1976 Seychelles

27 Jul 1977 Djibouti

18 Jun 1980 Zimbabwe

22 Feb 1982 Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic

1 Jun 1990 Namibia

24 May 1993 Eritrea

6 Jun 1994 South Africa

27 Jul 2011 South Sudan²⁰

¹C.A.R. suspended from 25 Mar 2013 - 31 Mar 2016.²Congo (Kinshasa) 1966-71 and from 1997; 1971-97 Zaire; suspended its participation 12 Nov 1984 - 1986.³from 1975 Benin.⁴Egypt suspended 5 Jul 2013 - 17 Jun 2014.⁵Guinea suspended 29 Dec 2008 - 9 Dec 2010.⁶from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire; suspended 9 Dec 2010 - 21 Apr 2011. ⁷Malagasy Republicto 30 Dec 1975; suspended 10 Jul 2002 - 10 Jul 2003 and 20 Mar 2009 - 27 Jan 2014.⁸Mali suspended 23 Mar - 24 Oct 2012 and from 19 Aug 2020. ⁹Mauritania suspended 4 Aug 2005 - 10 Apr 2007and 9 Aug 2008 - 1 Jul 2009. ¹⁰Moroccowithdrew 12 Nov 1984; rejoined 30 Jan 2017.¹¹Niger suspended 19 Feb 2010 - 16 Mar 2011.¹²The Sudan suspended from 6 Jun - 6 Sep 2019.¹³Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.¹⁴Togo suspended 25 Feb - 27 May 2005.¹⁵from 1984 Burkina Faso, suspended from 17 Sep 2015.¹⁶from 2018 Eswatini. ¹⁷Guinea-Bissau suspended 17 Apr 2012 - 17 Jun 2014.¹⁸from 2013 Cabo Verde.¹⁹Comoros suspended 20 Feb 1978 - 23 Feb 1979.²⁰South Sudan suspended from 19 Jun 2020.

Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)

[Amazon Cooperation Treaty
Organization (ACTO) flag]

ACTO website

Headquarters: Brasilia
(Brazil)

3 Jul 1978 Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT).25 Feb 1995 Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) (Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica [OTCA]).13 Dec 2002 Permanent secretariat inaugurated.

Secretaries-general 2002 - 2004 Sergio Hugo Sánchez Ballivián (b. 1950) (Bolivia) (interim) 5 May 2004 - 2007 Rosalía Arteaga Serrano (f) (b. 1956) (Ecuador) 2 Jul 2007 - Jul 2009 Francisco José Ruiz Marmolejo (b. 1959) (Colombia) (acting) Jul 2009 - 1 Mar 2011 Manuel Ernesto Picasso Botto (Peru) 1 Mar 2011 - 1 Jul 2012 Alejandro Alfredo Gordillo (b. 1942) Fernández (Peru) 2 Jul 2012 - 15 Oct 2015 Robby Dewnarain Ramlakhan (Suriname) 19 Oct 2015 - 7 Jan 2019 María Jacqueline Mendoza Ortega (f) (Venezuela) 7 Jan 2019 - María Alexandra Moreira López (f) (Bolivia)
ACTO membership (8)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`3 Jul 1978`	`Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela`

Andean Community

[Comunidad Andina
(Andean Community)]
Adopted 12 Jul 2004

Community website

Headquarters: Lima
(Peru) Andean Parliament: Bogota (Colombia)

CAN Day: 24 Jul (1783)
Día de la Integración Andina
(Simon Bolivar's birthday)

26 May 1969 Andean Pact (Acuerdo de Cartagena) established. 25 Oct 1979 Andean Parliament (Parlamento Andino) established.10 Mar 1996 Renamed Andean Community (Comunidad Andina)(CAN). 1 Aug 1997 Secretariat established.

Secretaries-general 1 Aug 1997 - 7 Aug 2002 Sebastián Alegrett Ruiz (Venezuela)(b. 1942 - d. 2002) 19 Sep 2002 - 15 Jan 2004 Guillermo Fernández de Soto (b. 1953) (Colombia) 15 Jan 2004 - 28 Jul 2006 Edward Allan Wagner Tizón (Peru) (b. 1942) 28 Jul 2006 - 1 Feb 2007 Alfredo Luis Fuentes Hernández (Colombia) (acting) 1 Feb 2007 - 7 May 2010 Federico "Freddy" Ehlers Zurita (b. 1945) (Ecuador) 7 May 2010 – 18 Feb 2013 Adalid Contreras Baspineiro (Bolivia) (interim) 18 Feb 2013 - 1 Mar 2013 Ana María Tenenbaum de Reátegui (f) (Peru) (acting) 1 Mar 2013 - 17 Jun 2013 Santiago Cembrano Cabrejas (Colombia) (interim) 17 Jun 2013 - 11 Jan 2016 Pablo Guzmán Laugier (Bolivia) 11 Jan 2016 - 17 Jun 2018 Walker San Miguel Rodríguez (b. 1963) (Bolivia) 17 Jun 2018 - 15 Oct 2018 Luz Marina Monroy Acevedo (f) (Colombia) (interim) 15 Oct 2018 - 11 Jan 2019 Héctor Quintero Arredondo (Colombia) 11 Jan 2019 - Jorge Hernando Pedraza Gutiérrez (b. 1963) (Colombia)

[Parlamento Andino (Andean
Parliament)]
Presidents of the Andean Parliament Aug 1980 - Dec 1981 Héctor Echeverri Correa (Colombia) (b. 1937 - d. 2012) Dec 1981 - Mar 1983 Raúl Oswaldo Baca Carbo (Ecuador) (b. 1931 - d. 2014) Mar 1983 - May 1984 GodofredoGonzález González (b. 1920 - d. 1990) (Venezuela) May 1984 - Dec 1984 Ricardo Monteagudo (Peru) (b. 1923 - d. 2005) 28 Jul 1985 - 11 Dec 1985 Jorge Tadeo Lozano Osorio (b. 1936 - d. 2013) (Colombia) Dec 1985 - Mar 1987 Julio Garrett Ayllón (Bolivia) (b. 1925 - d. 2018) Mar 1987 - Mar 1989 Humberto Peláez Gutiérrez (b. 1939) (Colombia) Mar 1989 - 1990 Wilfrido Lucero Bolaños (Ecuador) (b. 1935) 1990 - Sep 1992 Romualdo Gustavo Biaggi Rodríguez (b. 1923 - d. 2011) (Peru) Sep 1992 - Sep 1994 Paciano José Padrón Valladares (Venezuela) Sep 1994 - Dec 1995 Victor Hugo Cárdenas Conde (b. 1951) (Bolivia) Dec 1995 - Dec 1997 Julio César Turbay Quintero (b. 1950) (Colombia) Dec 1997 - Dec 1999 Heinz Rodolfo Moeller Freile (b. 1937) (Ecuador) Dec 1999 - May 2001 Oscar Andrés Reggiardo Sayán (b. 1941) (Peru) May 2001 - Nov 2001 Luís Juan Alva Castro (Peru) (b. 1942)Nov 2001 - Nov 2003 Jhannett María Madriz Sotillo (f) (b. 1964) (Venezuela) Nov 2003 - Nov 2005 Víctor Enrique UrquidiHodgkinson (Bolivia) Nov 2005 - Nov 2007 Luis Fernando Duque García (b. 1952) (Colombia) 26 Nov 2007 - Aug 2009 Ivonne Juez de Abdel Baki(f) (b. 1952) (Ecuador) Aug 2009 - 23 Nov 2009 Fausto Rodrigo Lupera Martínez (b. 1947) (Ecuador) 23 Nov 2009 - 21 Jul 2010 Rosa Marina León Flores (f)(Peru) (b. 1959) 21 Jul 2010 - 5 Aug 2011 Wilbert BendezúCarpio (Peru) (b. 1954) 5 Aug 2011 - 25 Jul 2012 Rebeca ElviraDelgado Burgoa (f) (b. 1966) (Bolivia) 25 Jul 2012 - 24 Jul 2013 Héctor HelíRojas Jimenez (b. 1954) (Colombia) 24 Jul 2013 - 14 Jul 2014 Pedro de la Cruz (Ecuador) 14 Jul 2014 - 22 Jul 2015 Javier Reátegui Rosselló (Peru) (b. 1944) 22 Jul 2015 - 23 Jul 2016 Luis Fernando Duque García (b. 1952)
(Colombia) 23 Jul 2016 - 17 Jul 2017 Edith Mendoza Fernández (f) (b. 1983) (Bolivia) 17 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2018 Fernando Meza Moncada (Chile) (b. 1946) 18 Jul 2018 -27 Jul 2019 Hugo Quiróz Vallejo (Ecuador) (b. 1963) 27 Jul 2019 - Víctor Rolando Sousa Huanambal (b. 1961) (Peru)

Andean Community membership (4)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

26 May 1969 Bolivia, Chile¹, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru²

13 Feb 1973 Venezuela³

¹Chile withdrew 30 Oct 1976.²Peru membership suspended at its own request 26 Aug 1992 - 4 Apr 1994, resumed full participation 25 Jun 1997.³Venezuela withdrew 22 Apr 2006.

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of CAN

7 Jul 2005 Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay

20 Sep 2006 Chile

Antarctic Treaty


Adopted 20 Sep 2002

Treaty Secretariat website

Antarctic Treaty
(23 Jun 1961)

Headquarters: Buenos Aires
(Argentina)

1 Dec 1959 Antarctic Treaty signed. 23 Jun 1961 Antarctic Treaty comes into effect. 1 Sep 2004 Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ATS) inaugurated.

Executive Secretaries of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat 1 Sep 2004 - 31 Aug 2009 Johannes "Jan" Huber (Netherlands) (b. 1947) 1 Sep 2009 - 31 Aug 2017 Manfred Reinke (Germany) (b. 1952) 1 Sep 2017 - Albert Alexander Lluberas Bonaba (Uruguay)

Antarctic Treaty membership (54)

Dates of
Membership Member Nations

23 Jun 1961 Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Soviet Union¹, United Kingdom, United
States

14 Jun 1962 Czechoslovakia²

20 May 1965 Denmark

30 Mar 1967 The Netherlands

15 Sep 1971 Romania

19 Nov 1974 East Germany³

16 May 1975 Brazil

11 Sep 1978 Bulgaria

5 Feb 1979 West Germany³

11 Jan 1980 Uruguay

16 Mar 1981 Papua New Guinea⁴

18 Mar 1981 Italy

10 Apr 1981 Peru

31 Mar 1982 Spain

8 Jun 1983 China

19 Aug 1983 India

27 Jan 1984 Hungary

24 Apr 1984 Sweden

15 May 1984 Finland

16 Aug 1984 Cuba

28 Nov 1986 South Korea

8 Jan 1987 Greece

21 Jan 1987 North Korea

25 Aug 1987 Austria

15 Sep 1987 Ecuador

4 May 1988 Canada

31 Jan 1989 Colombia

15 Nov 1990 Switzerland

31 Jul 1991 Guatemala

28 Oct 1992 Ukraine

1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia

24 Jan 1996 Turkey

24 Mar 1999 Venezuela

17 May 2001 Estonia

27 Dec 2006 Belarus

30 May 2008 Monaco

29 Jan 2010 Portugal

31 Oct 2011 Malaysia

1 Mar 2012 Pakistan

27 Jan 2015 Kazakhstan

23 Mar 2015 Mongolia

13 Oct 2015 Iceland

22 Apr 2019 Slovenia

¹Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.²Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan 1993 succeeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia.³East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.⁴date of deposit of notification of succession by Papua New Guinea; effective 16 Sep 1975 the date of its independence.

Arab League

[flag of the League of
Arab States]
Adopted 1945

Arab League website Headquarters: Cairo
(Egypt)
(Tunis, Tunisia
Jun 1979-Sep 1990) AL Day: 22 Mar (1945)
Arab League Day

22 Mar 1945 League of Arab States (Arab League) founded.

Secretaries-general 22 Mar 1945 - 14 Sep 1952 Abdel Rahman Azzam (Egypt) (b. 1893 - d. 1976) (from 27 Dec 1945, Abdel Rahman Azzam Pasha) 14 Sep 1952 - 1 Jun 1972 Abdel Khaliq Hassuna (Egypt) (b. 1898 - d. 1992) 1 Jun 1972 - 24 Mar 1979 Mahmoud Riad (Egypt) (b. 1917 - d. 1992) 24 Mar 1979 - 28 Jun 1979 Vacant 28 Jun 1979 - 3 Sep 1990 Chedli Klibi (Tunisia) (b. 1925 - d. 2020) 4Sep 1990 - 15 May 1991 Assad al-Assad (Lebanon) (interim) (b. 1920) 15 May 1991 - 15 May 2001 Esmat Abdel Meguid (Egypt) (b. 1923 - d. 2013) 15 May 2001 - 1 Jul 2011 Amr Moussa (Egypt) (b. 1936) 1 Jul 2011 - 3 Jul 2016 Nabil al-Arabi (Egypt) (b. 1935) 3 Jul 2016 - Ahmed Aboul Gheit (Egypt) (b. 1942)

Arab League membership (22)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

22 Mar 1945 Egypt¹, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria², Transjordan³, Yemen (Sana)⁴

28 Mar 1953 Libya⁵

19 Jan 1956 The Sudan

1 Jan 1958 Tunisia

1 Oct 1958 Morocco

20 Jul 1961 Kuwait

16 Aug 1962 Algeria

12 Dec 1967 Yemen (Aden)⁴

11 Sep 1971 Bahrain, Qatar

29 Sep 1971 Oman

6 Dec 1971 United Arab Emirates

26 Nov 1973 Mauritania

14 Feb 1974 Somalia

9 Sep 1976 Palestine Liberation Organization

4 Sep 1977 Djibouti

20 Nov 1993 Comoros

¹Egypt suspended 26 Mar 1979 - 23 May 1989.²Syria merged with Egypt to form United Arab Republic 22 Feb 1958; seceded from U.A.R. 29 Sep 1961 and rejoined Arab League 28 Oct 1961; suspended from 16 Nov 2011.³from 1946 Jordan.⁴Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united in 1990 as Yemen.⁵Libya announced its withdrawal 24 Oct 2002; this would be effective one year later; Libya canceled (16 Jan 2003), reaffirmed (3 Apr 2003), and again canceled (25 May 2003) the decision to withdraw; suspended 22 Feb 2011 - 25 Aug 2011.

Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)


1990 - ....


Current Flag

AMU website
Headquarters: Rabat
(Morocco);
Advisory Council in Algiers,
Maghreb Bank in Tunis, Judicial Instance in Nouakchott

17 Feb 1989 Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) formed.

Secretaries-general 23 Oct 1991 - 26 Feb 2002 Mohamed Amamou (Tunisia) (b. 1933 - d. 2014) 26 Feb 2002 - 1 Feb 2006 Habib Boularès (Tunisia) (b. 1933 - d. 2014) 1 Feb 2006 - 5 May 2016 Habib Ben Yahia (Tunisia) (b. 1938) 5 May 2016 - Taïeb Baccouche (Tunisia) (b. 1944)

AMU membership (5)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

17 Feb 1989 Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia

Arctic Council

[Arctic Council flag]

Arctic Council website

Headquarters: Tromsø
(Norway)

19 Sep 1996 Arctic Council formed. 17 Sep 1998 Inauguration of the council. 1 Feb 2013 Permanent secretariat inaugurated.

Directorsof the Secretariat 1 Feb 2013 - 2017 Magnús Jóhannesson (Iceland) (b. 1942) Oct 2017 - Nina Buvang Vaaja (f)(Norway) (b. 1973?) (acting to 25 Oct 2017)Arctic Council membership (8)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`19 Sep 1996`	`Canada, Denmark (with Greenland and Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United States`

Date of Admission	Permanent Participants
`19 Sep 1996`	`Inuit Circumpolar Council, Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Saami Council`
`18 Sep 1998`	`Aleut International Association`
`12 Oct 2000`	`Arctic Athabaskan Council,` `Gwich'in Council International`

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)


1991 - Jul 2007


Adopted Jul 2007

APEC website Headquarters: Singapore
(Singapore)

6 Nov 1989 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) founded. 12 Feb 1993 Secretariat inaugurated.

Executive Directors 12 Feb 1993 - 1994 William Bodde, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1931) 1994 - 1995 Rusli Noor (Indonesia) (b. 1927) 1995 - 1996 Shōjirō Imanishi (Japan) (b. 1940) 1996 - 1997 Armando Q. Madamba (Philippines) (b. 1938) 1997 - 1998 Jack Alexander Whittleton (Canada) (b. 1940?) 1998 - 4 Jan 1999 Dato' Noor Adlan (Malaysia) (b. 1939) 4 Jan 1999 - 4 Jan 2000 Timothy James Hannah (New Zealand) (b. 1939) 4 Jan 2000 - 1 Jan 2001 Serbini Ali (Brunei Darussalam) (b. 1955) 1 Jan 2001 - 1 Jan 2002 Zhang Yan (China) (b. 1950) 1 Jan 2002 - 1 Jan 2003 Alejandro de la Peña Navarrete (b. 1951) (Mexico) 1 Jan 2003 - 1 Jan 2004 Piamsak Milintachinda (Thailand) (b. 1950) 1 Jan 2004 - 1 Jan 2005 Mario Hernán Artaza Rouxel(Chile) (b. 1937) 1 Jan 2005 - 1 Jan 2006 Choi Seok Young (South Korea) (b. 1955) 1 Jan 2006 - 1 Jan 2007 Tran Trong Toan (Vietnam) (b. 1952) 1 Jan 2007 - 1 Jan 2008 Colin S. Heseltine (Australia) (b. 1947) 1 Jan 2008 - 1 Jan 2009 Juan Carlos Capuñay Chávez(Peru) (b. 1949) 1 Jan 2009 - 1 Jan 2010 Michael Tay (Singapore) (b. 1959) 1 Jan 2010 - 1 Jan 2013 Dato Muhamad Noor Yacob (Malaysia) (b. 1951) 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2018 Alan Bollard (New Zealand) (b. 1951) 1 Jan 2019 - Tan Sri Datuk Rebecca Fatima Sta (b. c.1957) Maria (f) (Malaysia)

APEC membership (21)

Date of
Admission Member Economies

6 Nov 1989 Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, United States

12 Nov 1991 China, Hong Kong, Chinese Taipei (Taiwan)

17 Nov 1993 Mexico, Papua New Guinea

11 Nov 1994 Chile

14 Nov 1998 Peru, Russia, Vietnam

Asian Development Bank (ADB)


ADB Former Flag


ADB Current Flag

ADB website

Headquarters: Manila (Philippines)

22 Aug 1966 Asian Development Bank (ADB) established.19 Dec 1966 Operations begin.

Presidents (all from Japan except as noted) 24 Nov 1966 - 24 Nov 1972 Takeshi Watanabe (b. 1906 - d. 2010) 25 Nov 1972 - 23 Nov 1976 Shirō Inoue (b. 1915 - d. 2010) 24 Nov 1976 - 23 Nov 1981 Tarōichi Yoshida (b. 1919 - d. 2014) 24 Nov 1981 - 23 Nov 1989 Masao Fujioka (b. 1924) 24 Nov 1989 - 23 Nov 1993 Kimimasa Tarumizu (b. 1930 - d. 2009) 24 Nov 1993 - 15 Jan 1999 Mitsuo Satō (b. 1933 - d. 2002) 16 Jan 1999 - 31 Jan 2005 Tadao Chino (b. 1934 - d. 2008) 1 Feb 2005 - 18 Mar 2013 Haruhiko Kuroda (b. 1944)18 Mar 2013 - 28 Apr 2013 Bindu N. Lohani (Nepal) (acting) (b. 1948) 28 Apr 2013 - Takehiko Nakao (b. 1956)

ADB membership (68)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

22 Aug 1966 Afghanistan, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines,South Korea,Thailand, United States,Western Samoa¹

29 Aug 1966 The Netherlands

30 Aug 1966 (West) Germany, Laos

21 Sep 1966 Singapore

22 Sep 1966 Vietnam²,Taiwan³

26 Sep 1966 United Kingdom

29 Sep 1966 Ceylon⁴,Sweden

29 Sep 1966 Austria, New Zealand

30 Sep 1966 Cambodia, Italy

24 Nov 1966 Indonesia

19 Dec 1966 Australia

31 Dec 1967 Switzerland

27 Mar 1969 Hong Kong

2 Apr 1970 Fiji

27 Jul 1970 France

8 Apr 1971 Papua New Guinea

29 Mar 1972 Tonga

14 Mar 1973 Bangladesh

26 Apr 1973 Burma⁵

30 Apr 1973 Solomon Islands

28 May 1974 Gilbert and Ellice Islands⁶⁷

20 Apr 1976 Cook Islands

14 Feb 1978 Maldives

15 Apr 1982 Bhutan, Vanuatu

14 Feb 1986 Spain

10 Mar 1986 China

4 Apr 1990 Marshall Islands

26 Apr 1990 Federated States of Micronesia

15 Apr 1991 Turkey

17 Sep 1991 Nauru

22 Feb 1991 Mongolia

3 May 1993 Tuvalu

19 Jan 1994 Kazakhstan

13 Apr 1994 Kyrgyzstan

31 Aug 1995 Uzbekistan

20 Apr 1998 Tajikistan

22 Dec 1999 Azerbaijan

31 Aug 2000 Turkmenistan

2 Apr 2002 Portugal

23 Jul 2002 East Timor⁷

25 Sep 2003 Luxembourg

29 Dec 2003 Palau

20 Sep 2005 Armenia

27 Apr 2006 Brunei Darussalam

24 Jul 2006 Ireland

2 Feb 2007 Georgia

11 Mar 2019 Niue

¹from 1997 Samoa.²Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam; succession recognized by ADB on 23 Sep 1976 retroactive to 2 Jul 1976.³upon the admission of the People's Republic of China on 10 Mar 1986the Republic of China (Taiwan) is re-designated "Taipei, China" and continues its membership under that designation.⁴from 1972 Sri Lanka. ⁵from 1989 Myanmar.⁶in 1975 Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu) separated from the Gilbert Islands which alone remained a member of the Bank; from 1979 Gilbert Islands renamed Kiribati.⁷from 2003 Timor-Leste.

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

[Asian Infrastructure
InvestmentBank (AIIB)]

AIIB website

Headquarters: Beijing
(China)

24 Oct 2014 Memorandum of understanding on establishingan Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank signed creating the Multilateral Interim Secretariat. 25 Dec 2015 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) (entry into force of the Articles of Agreement).16 Jan 2016 Operations begin.Secretary-general of the Multilateral Interim Secretariat24 Oct 2014 - 16 Jan 2016 Jin Liqun (China) (b. 1949)President16 Jan 2016 - Jin Liqun (China) (s.a.)
AIIB membership (82)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`25 Dec 2015`	`Australia, Austria, Brunei Darussalam, China, Georgia,` `Germany, Jordan,` `South Korea, Luxembourg,` `Mongolia,` `Myanmar,` `The Netherlands, Norway,` `Pakistan,` `Singapore,` `United Kingdom`
`28 Dec 2015`	`Russia`
`4 Jan 2016`	`Maldives`
`7 Jan 2016`	`Finland, Malta`
`11 Jan 2016`	`India`
`13 Jan 2016`	`Nepal`
`14 Jan 2016`	`Indonesia`
`15 Jan 2016`	`Denmark, Israel, Laos, Turkey, United Arab Emirates`
`16 Jan 2016`	`Tajikistan`
`19 Feb 2016`	`Saudi Arabia`
`4 Mar 2016`	`Iceland`
`22 Mar 2016`	`Bangladesh`
`11 Apr 2016`	`Kyrgyzstan, Vietnam`
`18 Apr 2016`	`Kazakhstan`
`25 Apr 2016`	`Switzerland`
`17 May 2016`	`Cambodia`
`15 Jun 2016`	`Poland`
`16 Jun 2016`	`France`
`20 Jun 2016`	`Thailand`
`21 Jun 2016`	`Oman`
`22 Jun 2016`	`Sri Lanka`
`23 Jun 2016`	`Sweden`
`24 Jun 2016`	`Azerbaijan, Qatar`
`13 Jul 2016`	`Italy`
`4 Aug 2016`	`Egypt`
`30 Nov 2016`	`Uzbekistan`
`28 Dec 2016`	`The Philippines`
`16 Jan 2017`	`Iran`
`8 Feb 2017`	`Portugal`
`27 Mar 2017`	`Malaysia`
`13 May 2017`	`Ethiopia`
`7 Jun 2017`	`Hong Kong`
`16 Jun 2017`	`Hungary`
`13 Oct 2017`	`Afghanistan`
`23 Oct 2017`	`Ireland`
`22 Nov 2017`	`Timor-Leste`
`11 Dec 2017`	`Fiji`
`19 Dec 2017`	`Spain`
`6 Mar 2018`	`Vanuatu`
`19 Mar 2018`	`Canada`
`3 Apr 2018`	`Samoa`
`27 Jun 2018`	`Cyprus, Madagascar`
`27 Aug 2018`	`Bahrain`
`13 Sep 2018`	`The Sudan`
`28 Dec 2018`	`Romania`
`17 Jan 2019`	`Belarus`
`10 Jul 2019`	`Belgium`
`12 Jul 2019`	`Guinea`
`15 Aug 2019`	`Serbia`
`20 Aug 2019`	`Greece`
`1 Nov 2019`	`Ecuador`
`27 Dec 2019`	`Algeria`
`21 Feb 2020`	`Ghana`
`26 Feb 2020`	`Côte d'Ivoire`
`16 Apr 2020`	`Rwanda`
`28 Apr 2020`	`Uruguay`
`27 May 2020`	`Benin`
`1 Jun 2020`	`Cook Islands`

Association of Caribbean States (ACS)

[Association of Caribbean
States (ACS) flag]

ACS website

Headquarters: Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago)

24 Jul 1994 Treaty ofAssociation of Caribbean States signed. 4 Aug 1995 Association of Caribbean States (ACS)Secretaries-general 1995 - 2000 Germán Simón Molina Duarte (b. c.1934 - d. 2012) (Venezuela) 2000 - 2004 Norman Girvan (Jamaica) (b. 1941 - d. 2014) 1 Mar 2004 - 29 Feb 2008 Rubén Arturo Silié Valdez (b. 1946) (Dominican Republic) 1 Mar 2008 - 11 Apr 2012 Luis Fernando Andrade Falla (b. 1963) (Guatemala) 12 Apr 2012 - 31 Jul 2016 Alfonso Múnera Cavadía (Colombia) (b. 1954) 1 Aug 2016 - June Soomer (f) (Saint Lucia)
ACS membership (25)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`4 Aug 1995`	`Antigua and Barbuda,The Bahamas, Barbados,` `Belize,Cuba,` `Dominica,Grenada, Guyana,Honduras,` `Jamaica,Mexico,` `Saint Kitts and Nevis,Saint Lucia,` `Saint Vincent and the` `Grenadines,` `Suriname,Trinidad and Tobago,` `Venezuela`
`16 Jan 1996`	`Dominican Republic`
`18 Apr 1996`	`Panama`
`24 May 1996`	`Guatemala`
`28 May 1996`	`El Salvador`
`2 Oct 1996`	`Colombia`
`7 Dec 1998`	`Haiti`
`25 Jan 1999`	`Nicaragua`
`17 Feb 1999`	`Costa Rica`

Date of Admission	Associate Members of ACS
`18 Feb 1998`	`France¹`
`2 Nov 2001`	`Netherlands Antilles²`
`1 Jan 2003`	`Aruba`
`28 Mar 2006`	`Turks and Caicos`
`20 Feb 2013`	`Curaçao`
`14 Feb 2014`	`Guadeloupe, Martinique,` `Sint Maarten, The Netherlands³`
`4 Jun 2016`	`Saint Martin`
`16 Mar 2018`	`British Virgin Islands`
`¹on behalf of French Guiana, and (from 21 Feb 2007) Saint Barthélemy(Saint Martin 21 Feb 2007-4 Jun 2016 and18 Feb 1998-14 Feb 2014 for Guadeloupe and Martinique). ²Netherlands Antilles dissolved 10 Oct 2010.` `³on behalf of Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius.`

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)


1971 - 23 Jul 1994


23 Jul 1994 - 31 May 1997


Adopted 31 May 1997

ASEAN website

Hear Anthem
"ASEAN Song of Unity"

Headquarters: Jakarta
(Indonesia)

ASEAN Day:
8 Aug (1967)
ASEAN Day

8 Aug 1967 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) created. 24 Feb 1976 Secretariat established.

Secretaries-general 7 Jun 1976 - 18 Feb 1978 Hartono R. Dharsono (Indonesia) (b. 1925 - d. 1996) 19 Feb 1978 - 10 Jul 1978 Umarjadi Notowijono (Indonesia) (b. 1910 - d. ....) 10 Jul 1978 - 30 Jun 1980 Datuk Ali bin Abdullah (Malaysia) (b. 1922) 1 Jul 1980 - 1 Jul 1982 Narciso G. Reyes (Philippines) (b. 1914 - d. 1996) 18 Jul 1982 - 15 Jul 1984 Chan Kai Yau (Singapore) (b. 1930) 16 Jul 1984 - 15 Jul 1986 Phan Wannamethee (Thailand) (b. 1923) 16 Jul 1986 - 16 Jul 1989 Roderick Yong (Brunei) (b. 1933?) 17 Jul 1989 - 1 Jan 1993 Rusli Noor (Indonesia) (b. 1927) 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1997 Datuk Ajit Singh (Malaysia) (b. 1938) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 2002 Rodolfo Certeza Severino (b. 1936 - d. 2019) (Philippines) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2007 Ong Keng Yong (Singapore) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2012 Surin Pitsuwan (Thailand) (b. 1949 - d. 2017) 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2017 Le Luong Minh (Vietnam) (b. 1952) 1 Jan 2018 - Dato Paduka Lim Jock Hoi (b. 1951) (Brunei Darussalam)

ASEAN membership (10)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

8 Aug 1967 Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand

7 Jan 1984 Brunei Darussalam

28 Jul 1995 Vietnam

23 Jul 1997 Laos, Myanmar

30 Apr 1999 Cambodia

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

BIS website

Headquarters: Basel
(Switzerland)
(20 May - 7 Oct 1940,
Chateau-d'Oex, Switzerland)

20 Jan 1930 Convention Respecting the Bankfor International Settlements signed.26 Feb 1930 Bankfor International Settlements (BIS) founded.20 May 1930 Founding banks subscribe first share issue.10 Jul 1939 - 9 Dec 1946 Board of directors suspends operations. 1 Sep 1939 - 15 Aug 1945 Bank agrees "to undertake only such operations as are irreproachable from point of view both the belligerent and of other countries."General managers23 Apr 1930 - 8 Sep 1937 Pierre Quesnay (France) (b. 1895 - d. 1937) 8 Sep 1937 - 31 Dec 1937 Paul Hechler (Germany) (acting) (b. 1885 – d. 1945) 1 Jan 1938 - 30 Sep 1958 Roger Auboin (France) (b. 1891 - d. 1974) 1 Oct 1958 - 30 Apr 1963 Guillaume Guindey (France) (b. 1909 - d. 1989) 1 May 1963 - 23 Dec 1970 Gabriel Ferras (France) (b. 1913 - d. 1970) 1 May 1971 - 28 Feb 1981 RenéLarre (France) (b. 1915 - d. 1999) 1 Mar 1981 - 30 Apr 1985 Günther Schleiminger (W. Germany) (b. 1921 - d. 2008) 1 May 1985 - 31 Dec 1993 Alexandre Lamfalussy (Belgium) (b. 1929 - d. 2015) 1 Jan 1994 - 31 Mar 2003 Andrew Duncan Crockett (U.K.) (b. 1943 - d. 2012) 1 Apr 2003 - 30 Sep 2008 Malcolm D. Knight (Canada) (b. 1944) 1 Oct 2008 - 31 Mar 2009 HervéHannoun (France) (acting) (b. 1950) 1 Apr 2009 - 30 Nov 2017 Jaime Caruana (Spain) (b. 1952) 1 Dec 2017 - Agustín Guillermo Carstens (Mexico)(b. 1958)
Presidentsof the Bank22 Apr 1930 - 8 May 1933 Gates W. McGarrah (U.S.) (b. 1863 - d. 1940) 8 May 1933 - 13 May 1935 Leon Fraser (U.S.) (b. 1889 - d. 1945)13 May 1935 - 3 May 1937 Leonardus Jacobus Anthonius Trip (b. 1876 - d. 1947) (Netherlands) 3 May 1937 - 31 Dec 1939 Johan Willem Beyen (Netherlands) (b. 1897 - d. 1976) 1 Jan 1940 - 30 Jun 1946 Thomas Harrington McKittrick (U.S.)(b. 1889 - d. 1970)30 Jun 1946 - 1 Jul 1958 Maurice Frère (Belgium) (b. 1890 - d. 1970) (chairman to 14 Jun 1948) 1 Jul 1958 - Jun 1967 Marius Wilhelm Holtrop (b. 1902- d. 1988) (Netherlands)Jul 1967 - Dec 1981 Jelle Zijlstra (Netherlands) (b. 1918 - d. 2001)Jan 1982 - Dec 1984 Fritz Leutwiler (Switzerland) (b. 1924 - d. 1997)Jan 1985 - Dec 1987 Jean Godeaux (Belgium) (b. 1922 - d. 2009)Jan 1988 - Dec 1990 Willem"Wim" Frederik Duisenberg (b. 1935 - d. 2005) (Netherlands) (1st time)Jan 1991 - Dec 1993 Bengt Dennis (Sweden) (b. 1930) Jan 1994 - Jun 1997 Willem "Wim" Frederik Duisenberg (s.a.) (Netherlands) (2nd time)Jul 1997 - Feb 1999 Alfons "Fons" Remi Emiel Verplaetse(b. 1930) (Belgium) Mar 1999 - Feb 2002 Urban Bäckström (Sweden) (b. 1954)Mar 2002 - 27 Jun 2005 Arnout "Nout"Henricus Elisabeth (b. 1943) Maria Wellink (Netherlands)Chairmen of the Board of Directors 27 Jun 2005 - Feb 2006 Arnout"Nout" Henricus Elisabeth (s.a.) Maria Wellink (Netherlands)Mar 2006 - Feb 2009 Jean-Pierre Roth (Switzerland) (b. 1946) Mar 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Guillermo Ortiz Martínez (Mexico) (b. 1948) 1 Jan 2010 - 7 Mar 2010 Hans Tietmeyer (Germany) (acting) (b. 1931 - d. 2016) 8 Mar 2010 - 31 Oct 2015 Christian Noyer (France) (b. 1950) 1 Nov 2015 - Jens Weidmann (Germany) (b. 1968)
BIS membership (62)

Date of Admission	Member Central Banks and Monetary Authorities
`20 May 1930`	`Belgium, France, Germany¹, Italy, Japan², Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States³`
`25 Jun 1930`	`Austria⁴, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia⁵, Danzig⁶, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania`
`31 Oct 1930`	`Estonia⁷`
`30 Dec 1930`	`Latvia⁷`
`31 Mar 1931`	`Lithuania⁷`
`30 Apr 1931`	`Albania⁸`
`30 May 1931`	`Norway`
`28 Jun 1931`	`Yugoslavia⁹`
`28 Nov 1950`	`Iceland`
`5 Dec 1950`	`Ireland`
`10 Jan 1951`	`Portugal`
`24 May 1951`	`Turkey`
`28 Dec 1960`	`Spain`
`2 Jan 1970`	`Canada`
`31 Dec 1970`	`Australia`
`30 Jun 1971`	`South Africa`
`14 Jun 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia`
`1 Nov 1996`	`China, Hong Kong, India, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore`
`14 Jun 1997`	`South Korea`
`25 May 1997`	`Brazil`
`30 May 1997`	`Croatia, Macedonia¹⁰, Slovenia`
`31 Dec 1997`	`Bosnia-Hercegovina`
`9 Jan 1999`	`European Central Bank`
`24 Dec 1999`	`Malaysia`
`1 Mar 2000`	`Thailand`
`28 Mar 2000`	`Argentina`
`10 Jun 2001`	`Yugoslavia (Federal Republic of)¹¹`
`28 Jul 2003`	`Algeria`
`15 Aug 2003`	`New Zealand`
`18 Sep 2003`	`Philippines`
`26 Sep 2003`	`Chile`
`29 Sep 2003`	`Indonesia`
`30 Sep 2003`	`Israel`
`15 Jul 2011`	`Luxembourg`
`22 Jul 2011`	`Peru`
`16 Dec 2011`	`United Arab Emirates`
`19 Dec 2011`	`Colombia`
`20 Feb 2020`	`Morocco`
`24 Feb 2020`	`Kuwait`
`¹Germany` `suspended 9 Dec 1946 - 3 Apr 1950; from 3 Apr 1950, Federal Republic of Germany.²Japan` `suspended 9 Dec 1946 - 26 Dec 1952; withdrew 26 Dec 1952, rejoined 2 Jan 1970.³U.S. did not takeseaton board of directors until 13 Sep 1994.⁴Austriaannexed to Germany 14 Mar 1938 - 27 Apr 1945.⁵Czechoslovakiavoting rights suspended May 1939-1945; dissolved` `31 Dec 1992;` `on 1 Jan 1993 membershipsucceeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia.⁶Danzigannexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945, then annexed to Poland; on 11 Jun 1979 Danzig issue of shares are cancelled.⁷Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania shareholdership and membership deactivated Jul 1940 - 30 Jun 1992.⁸Albania` `withdrew 1977; 1,000 shares of the Albanian issue suspended and held in treasury.` `⁹on 11 Jun 2001 original Yugoslavia shares canceled and new shares issued for central banks of Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.` `¹⁰as Former Yugoslav Republic ofMacedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.¹¹Yugoslavia` `suspended1992 - 10 Jun 2001,readmitted 10 Jun 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.`

Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)


1994 - 1999 Unofficial


Adopted 1999

BSEC website

Headquarters: Istanbul
(Turkey)

25 Jun 1992 Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) founded. 1 May 1999 Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).

Directors 1992 - 1997 Yevgeniy GeorgiyevichKutovoy (b. 1932)
(Russia)1997 - 1 May 1999 Vassil Ivanov Baytchev(Bulgaria) (b. 1948) Secretaries-general 1 May 1999 - 1 May 2000 Vassil Ivanov Baytchev(Bulgaria) (s.a.) 1 May 2000 - 31 Oct 2004 Valeriy Chechelashvili(Georgia) (b. 1961) 1 Nov 2004 - 30 Apr 2006 Tedo Japaridze (Georgia) (b. 1946) 1 May 2006 - 30 Jun 2012 Leonídas Chrysanthópoulos(Greece) (b. 1946) 1 Jul 2012 - 30 Jun 2015 Victor Tvircun (Moldova) (b. 1955) 1 Jul 2015 - Michaíl Christídis (Greece) (b. 1949)
BSEC membership (12)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`25 Jun 1992`	`Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine`
`14 Apr 2004`	`Serbia and Montenegro¹`
`¹succeeded by Serbiaon 5 Jun 2006.`

Caribbean Community (CARICOM)

[Flag of CARICOM]
Adopted 4 Jul 1984

CARICOM website Headquarters: Georgetown (Guyana) CARICOM Day:
1st Monday in July
CARICOM Day

15 Dec 1965 Caribbean Free Trade Association(CARIFTA) signed (CARIFTA ceases to exist when remaining members acceded to CARICOM on 1 May 1974). 1 May 1968 CARIFTA and Commonwealth Caribbean Regional secretariat organized. 1 Aug 1973 Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) inaugurated.

Secretaries-general 1968 - 1969 Frederick Lloyd Cozier (Barbados) (b. 1920 - d. 2014) 1969 - 1974 William Demas (b. 1929 - d. 1998) (Trinidad and Tobago) 1974 - Aug 1977 Sir Alister McIntyre (Grenada) (b. 1932 - d. 2019) Aug 1977 - Nov 1978 Joseph A. Tyndall (Guyana)(acting) (b. 1927) 1 Nov 1978 - Sep 1983 Kurleigh King (Barbados) (b. 1933 - d. 1998) Sep 1983 - 31 Jul 1992 Roderick Rainford (Jamaica) (b. 1940) 1 Aug 1992 - 31 Dec 2010 Edwin Wilberforce Carrington (b. 1938) (Trinidad and Tobago) 1 Jan 2011 - 15 Aug 2011 Lolita Janet Applewhaite (f) (Barbados)(acting) 15 Aug 2011 - Irwin LaRocque (Dominica) (b. 1955)

CARICOM membership (15)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`1 Aug 1973`	`Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago`
`1 May 1974`	`Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`4 Jul 1974`	`Antigua¹`
`26 Jul 1974`	`Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla²`
`4 Jul 1983`	`The Bahamas³`
`4 Jul 1995`	`Suriname`
`1 Jul 2002`	`Haiti⁴`
`¹from 1981 Antigua and Barbuda.²from 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis.³member of the community but not the common market.⁴Haitiadmitted on 4 Jul 1997, but did not deposit instrument of accession until 5 Jul 2002; suspended 29 Feb 2004 - 7 Jun 2006.`

Date of Admission	Associate Members of Caricom
`2 Jul 1991`	`British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos`
`4 Jul 1999`	`Anguilla`
`12 May 2002`	`Cayman Islands`
`2 Jul 2003`	`Bermuda`

CARIFTA 1965-1974 membership (12)

Date of Admission	Members of CARIFTA
`18 Dec 1965`	`Antigua, Barbados², Guyana²`
`1 May 1968`	`Trinidad and Tobago²`
`1 Jul 1968`	`Dominica, Grenada,` `Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`1 Aug 1968`	`Jamaica², Montserrat`
`1 May 1971`	`British Honduras¹`
`¹from 1 Jun 1973 Belize.²left to join CARICOM 1 Aug 1973.`

Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)

to 2007

Adopted 2007

CDB website

Headquarters: Bridgetown
(Barbados)

26 Jan 1970 Caribbean Development Bank (signed 18 Oct 1969).Presidents 31 Jan 1970 - 1973 Sir William Arthur Lewis (b. 1915 - d. 1991) (Saint Lucia) 1974 - 1987 William Demas (Trinidad and Tobago)(b. 1929 - d. 1998) 1988 - 30 Apr 2001 Sir Neville Vernon Nicholls (b. 1933) (Barbados) 1 May 2001 - 30 Apr 2011 Compton D. Bourne (Guyana) (b. 1943) 1 May 2011 - William Warren Smith(Jamaica) (b. 1952?)CDB membership (28)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`26 Jan 1970`	`Barbados, British Honduras¹, Canada, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla², Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos, United Kingdom`
`28 Jan 1970`	`The Bahamas, Montserrat`
`30 Jan 1970`	`Antigua³,` `British Virgin Islands`
`25 Apr 1973`	`Venezuela`
`22 Nov 1974`	`Colombia`
`4 May 1982`	`Anguilla`
`7 May 1982`	`Mexico`
`11 May 1984`	`France⁴`
`2 Nov 1988`	`Italy`
`27 Oct 1989`	`Germany`
`20 Jan 1998`	`China`
`19 Jan 2007`	`Haiti`
`12 Dec 2013`	`Suriname`
`31 Dec 2015`	`Brazil`
`¹from1973 Belize.` `²from 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis; Anguilla ceased to apply the Agreement as part of St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla on 19 Dec 1980 and became a member in its own right 4 May 1982.³from 1981 Antigua and Barbuda.⁴France withdrew 27 Oct 2000.`

Central American Integration System (SICA)

1991 - 1999	1999 - 2000	2000 - 2013
Adopted 2013

SICA website

Headquarters:
San Salvador
(El Salvador)

Hear SICA Anthem
"La Granadera"
Adopted 27 Oct 1993

SICA Day: 14 Oct (1951)
Día de la Integración
Centroamericana

13 Dec 1991 Central American Integration System (SICA) (Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana) founded. 1 Feb 1993 Secretariat inaugurated. Secretaries-general 1 Feb 1993 - 15 Jan 1997 Hector Roberto Herrera Cáceres (b. 1943) (Honduras)15 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1999 Ernesto José Leal Sánchez (b. 1945 - d. 2005) (Nicaragua) 1 Jan 2000 - 30 Jun 2000 Mauricio Ramón Herdocia Sacasa (b. 1958) (Nicaragua)(interim) 1 Jul 2000 - 31 Dec 2004 Óscar Alfredo Santamaría Jaimes (b. 1942) (El Salvador) 1 Jan 2005 - 15 Jan 2009 Aníbal Enrique Quiñónez Abarca (b. 1950) (Honduras) 15 Jan 2009 - 30 Jun 2013 Juan Daniel Alemán Gurdián (b. 1956) (Nicaragua) 1 Jul 2013 - 20 Aug 2014 Hugo Martínez Bonilla (El Salvador)(b. 1968) 20 Aug 2014 -29 Jun 2017 Victoria Marina Velásquez de (b. 1943) Avilés (f) (El Salvador) 29 Jun 2017 - Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo (b. 1942) (Guatemala)SICA membership (8)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`1 Feb 1993`	`Costa Rica¹, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama`
`1 Dec 2000`	`Belize`
`27 Jun 2013`	`Dominican Republic^²`
`¹Costa Rica suspended participation 18 Dec 2015 - 30 Jun 2016.²Dominican Republic an associate member 19 Dec 2003 - 27 Jun 2013.`

Central American Parliament (Parlacen)

1999 - 30 Oct 2006

[Central American
Parliament (Parlacen) flag]

Adopted 30 Oct 2006

Parlacen website Headquarters: Guatemala City
(Guatemala)

28 Oct 1991 Parlacen established as the parliamentary assembly of Central American Integration System (SICA).

Presidents 28 Oct 1991 - 28 Oct 1992 Roberto Vicente Carpio Nicolle (b. 1930) (Guatemala) 28 Oct 1992 - 28 Oct 1993 Ilsa Díaz Zelaya (f) (Honduras) (b. 1942) 28 Oct 1993 - 28 Oct 1994 José Francisco Guerrero Munguía (b. 1937 - d. 1994) (El Salvador) 28 Oct 1994 - 28 Oct 1995 Victor Augusto Vela Mena(Guatemala) (1st time) 28 Oct 1995 - 2 Dec 1995 Roland Valenzuela Oyuela (Honduras)(b. 1914 - d. 1995) 6 Dec 1995 – 28 Oct 1996 Raúl Zaldívar Guzmán (Honduras) (b. 1931) 28 Oct 1996 - 28 Oct 1997 Ernesto Lima Mena (El Salvador) (b. 1960) 28 Oct 1997 - 28 Oct 1998 Marco Antonio Solares Pérez (b. 1956) (Guatemala) 28 Oct 1998 - 28 Oct 1999 Carlos Roberto Reina (Honduras) (b. 1926 - d. 2003) 28 Oct 1999 - 28 Oct 2000 José Ernesto Somarriba Sosa (b. 1920 - d. 2009) (Nicaragua) 28 Oct 2000 - 28 Oct 2001 Hugo Heberto Guiraud Gargano (Panama) 28 Oct 2001 - 28 Oct 2002 JoséRodrigo Marcelo Samayoa Rivas (El Salvador) 28 Oct 2002 - 28 Oct 2003 Victor Augusto Vela Mena(Guatemala) (2nd time) 28 Oct 2003 - 28 Oct 2004 Mario Facussé Handal (Honduras) (b. 1946) 28 Oct 2004 - 28 Oct 2005 Fabio Gadea Mantilla (Nicaragua) (b. 1931) 28 Oct 2005 - 28 Oct 2006 Julio Palacios Sambrano(Panama) (b. 1965) 28 Oct 2006 - 26 Oct 2007 Ciro Cruz Cepeda Peña(El Salvador)(b. 1946) 26 Oct 2007 - 28 Oct 2008 Julio Guillermo González Gamarra (Guatemala) 28 Oct 2008 - 28 Oct 2009 Gloria GuadalupeOquelí Solórzano (b. 1941) de Macoto(f)(Honduras)28 Oct 2009 - 28 Oct 2010 Jacinto JoséSuárez Espinoza (b. 1947) (Nicaragua) 28 Oct 2010 - 31 Oct 2011 Dorindo Jayán Cortéz Marciaga (Panama) 31 Oct 2011 - 28 Oct 2012 Manuel "Manolo" de Jesus Pichardo (b. 1962) Arías (Dominican Rep.) 28 Oct 2012 - 25 Oct 2013 Leonel Vásquez Búcaro (El Salvador) 25 Oct 2013 - 28 Oct 2014 Paula Rodríguez (f) (Guatemala)28 Oct 2014 - 28 Oct 2015 Armando Bardales Paz (Honduras) 28 Oct 2015 - 28 Oct 2016 José Antonio Alvarado Correa (b. 1951) (Nicaragua) 28 Oct 2016 - 28 Oct 2017 Priscilla Weeden de Miró (f) (Panama) 28 Oct 2017 -28 Oct 2018 Tony Raful Tejada (Dominican Rep.) (b. 1951) 28 Oct 2018 - 25 Oct 2019 Irma Segunda Amaya Echeverría (f) (b. 1961) (El Salvador) 25 Oct 2019 - Juan Alfonso Fuentes Soria (b. 1947) (Guatemala)

PARLACEN membership (6)

Date of
Admission Member Parliaments

28 Oct 1991 El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras

21 Jan 1997 Nicaragua

1 Sep 1999 Panama¹

30 Oct 2006 Dominican Republic

¹Panama withdrew 24 Nov 2010; opposition Panamanians (including Dorindo Cortéz) remained in the parliament; rejoined 28 Jan 2013.

Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)

[Central Treaty Organization
(CENTO) flag to 1979]

Text of the Baghdad Pact
(4 Feb 1955) Headquarters: Ankara (Turkey) (Baghdad, Iraq 1955-1958)

15 Apr 1955 Pact of Mutual Cooperation "Baghdad Pact" 22 Nov 1955 Middle East Treaty Organization (MENTO). 19 Aug 1959 Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). 26 Sep 1979 CENTO dissolved.

Secretaries-general 15 Dec 1955 - 31 Dec 1958 Awni Khalidy (Iraq) (b. 1912 - d. ....) 1 Jan 1959 - 31 Dec 1961 Mirza Osman Ali Baig (Pakistan) (b. 1904 - d. 1992) Jan 1962 - Jan 1968 Abbas Ali Khalatbari (Iran) (b. 1912 - d. 1979) Jan 1968 - 1 Feb 1972 Turgut Menemencioğlu (Turkey) (b. 1914 - d. 2010) 1 Feb 1972 - Jan 1975 Nassir Assar (Iran) (b. 1926 - d. 2015) Jan 1975 - 1 Aug 1977 Haluk Bayülken (Turkey) (b. 1921 - d. 2007) Aug 1977 - Mar 1978 Sirdar Hasan Mahmud (Pakistan) (b. 1928) (acting) 31 Mar 1978 - 1979 Kamuran Gürün (Turkey) (b. 1924 - d. 2004)

CENTO membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

15 Apr 1955 Iraq¹, Turkey², United Kingdom

23 Sep 1955 Pakistan³

23 Oct 1955 Iran⁴

¹Iraq withdrew 24 Mar 1959.²Turkeywithdrew 15 Mar 1979. ³Pakistanwithdrew 12 Mar 1979. ⁴Iranwithdrew 13 Mar 1979.

Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)

[Collective Security Treaty Organization
(CSTO)]
Adopted 18 Sep 2003

CSTO website

Headquarters: Moscow (Russia)

15 May 1992 Commonwealth of Independent States Collective Security Treaty (CST) signed (enters into force20 Apr 1994).18 Sep 2003 Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)(signed 7 Oct 2002).Secretaries-general 28 Apr 2003 - 31 Dec 2016 Nikolay Nikolayevich Bordyuzha (b. 1949) (Russia) 1 Jan 2017 - 2 May 2017 Valeriy Anatolyevich Semerikov (b. 1954) (Russia) (1st time)(acting) 2 May 2017 - 2 Nov 2018 Yuri Grigorii Khach'aturov (b. 1952)
(Armenia) 2 Nov 2018 - Valeriy Anatolyevich Semerikov (s.a.) (Russia) (2nd time)(acting)
CSTO membership (6)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`18 Sep 2003`	`Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan`
`16 Aug 2006`	`Uzbekistan¹`
`¹Uzbekistan membership suspended at its own requestfrom 28 Jun 2012.`

Colombo Plan


Colombo Plan Flag


Variant Flag

Colombo Plan website Headquarters: Colombo
(Sri Lanka)

28 Nov 1950 Colombo Plan forCooperative EconomicDevelopment in South and South-EastAsia 1 Jul 1951 Plan operationscommence. Dec 1977 Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific (CESDAP). Nov 1980 Duration of the plan extended indefinitely.

Directors Aug 1951 - Sep 1953 Geoffrey M. Wilson (U.K.) (b. 1910 - d. 2004) Sep 1953 - Feb 1956 Pearce William EdwardCurtin (b. 1907 - d. 1997) (Australia) Apr 1956 - Aug 1957 Nathan Keyfitz (Canada) (b. 1913 - d. 2010) Aug 1957 - Jul 1959 Robert Hunter Wade (New Zealand) (b. 1916 - d. 2011) Jul 1959 - Dec 1961 John Kenneth Thompson (U.K.) (b. 1913 - d. 1985) Dec 1961 - Jan 1964 Sashichirō Matsui (Japan) (b. 1913 - d. 2001) Jan 1964 - Mar 1966 James LawrenceAllen (Australia) (b. 1913 - d. 1990) Mar 1966 - Jun 1969 D. Alan Strachan(U.S.) (b. 1903 - d. 1996) Jun 1969 - Aug 1973 Alan BurtonConnelly (Canada) (b. 1908 - d. ....) Aug 1973 - Dec 1975 I.K. McGregor (New Zealand) Jan 1976 - Feb 1979 Leonore E.T. Storar (f) (U.K.) (b. 1920 - d. 1997) Feb 1979 - Feb 1982 Noboru Yabata (Japan) Feb 1982 - Feb 1985 Eriks Ingevics (Australia) (b. 1929 - d. 2016) Feb 1985 - Jan 1986 Donald R. Toussaint (U.S.) (b. 1927 - d. 1986) Jul 1986 - Jul 1991 Gilbert H. Sheinbaum (U.S.) (b. 1929) Jul 1991 - Dec 1994 John Ryan (New Zealand) Secretaries-general Jan 1995 - Mar 1999 Kim Hak-Su(South Korea) (b. 1938) Apr 1999 - Jun 2003 U. Sarat Chandran (India) (b. 1953) Jun 2003 - Aug 2007 Kittipan Kanjanapipatkul (b. 1947) (Thailand) Aug 2007 - Aug 2011 Patricia Yoon-Moi Chia (f) (b. 1952) (from Feb 2009, Dato' Patricia Yoon-Moi Chia)(Malaysia) 15 Aug 2011 - 28 Nov 2013 Adam Naseer Maniku (Maldives) 28 Nov 2013 - 2 May 2014 Tay Bian How (Malaysia)(acting) 2 May 2014 - 1 May 2018 Kinley Dorji (Bhutan) 1 May 2018 - Phan Kieu Thu (f) (Vietnam) (b. 1971)

Colombo Plan membership (27)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

28 Nov 1950 Australia, Canada¹, Ceylon²,India, New Zealand, Pakistan, United Kingdom³

1951 Cambodia⁴, Laos,South Vietnam⁵,United States

Mar 1952 Burma⁶, Nepal

Feb 1953 Indonesia

5 Oct 1954 Japan, Philippines, Thailand

7 Oct 1957 Malaya⁷

1959 Singapore

Nov 1962 Bhutan, South Korea

12 Nov 1963 Afghanistan, Maldives

1966 Iran

1972 Bangladesh, Fiji

1973 Papua New Guinea

15 Jun 2004 Mongolia⁸,Vietnam⁹

20 Nov 2008 Brunei Darussalam¹⁰

25 Apr 2012 Saudi Arabia¹¹

¹Canada withdrew 1992. ²from 1972 Sri Lanka. ³U.K. withdrew 1991.⁴Cambodia withdrew 15 Jun 2004.⁵from2 Jul 1976succeeded by Socialist Republic of Vietnam; announcedDec 1978 it did not regard itself as a member.⁶from 1989 Myanmar.⁷from 1963 Malaysia.⁸Mongolia provisional member May 1998 - 15 Jun 2004.⁹Vietnam provisional member 5 Nov 2001 - 15 Jun 2004. ¹⁰Brunei provisional member to 11 Oct 2012.¹¹Saudi Arabia provisional member to 11 Oct 2012.

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)


Former COMESA Flag


Current Flag

COMESA website Headquarters: Lusaka
(Zambia)
COMESA Day:
8 Dec (1994)
COMESA Day

21 Dec 1981 Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African States (PTA) signed (ratified 30 Sep 1982). 8 Dec 1994 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) (treaty signed 9 Nov 1993).

Secretaries-general of the Preferential Trade Area Jan 1983 - 1984 Simeon Moses Kiingi (Uganda) (interim)1984 - 1990 Bax Dale Nomvete (South Africa) (b. 1922 - d. 2000) 1990 - 8 Dec 1994 Bingu wa Mutharika (Malawi) (b. 1934 - d. 2012) Secretaries-general ofthe Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 8 Dec 1994 - 17 Apr 1997 Bingu wa Mutharika (Malawi) (s.a.) 17 Apr 1997 - Jun 1998 Sindiso Ndema Ngwenya (Zimbabwe) (b. 1951) (1st time)(acting) Jun 1998 - Feb 2008 Erastus Joel O. Mwencha (Kenya) (b. 1947) May 2008 - 18 Jul 2018 Sindiso Ndema Ngwenya (Zimbabwe) (s.a.) (2nd time)(acting to 30 Jun 2008) 18 Jul 2018 - Chileshe Mpundu Kapwepwe (f) (b. 1958) (Zambia)

COMESA membership (21)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

21 Dec 1981 Angola¹, Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho², Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique³, Rwanda, The Sudan, Swaziland⁴, Tanzania⁵, Uganda, Zambia, Zaire⁶, Zimbabwe

21 Jan 1993 Namibia⁷

8 Dec 1994 Eritrea

6 Jan 1999 Egypt

7 Nov 2001 Seychelles

9 Nov 2005 Libya

18 Jul 2018 Tunisia

19 Jul 2018 Somalia

¹Angola suspended itself from 14 Nov 2007.²Lesotho withdrew 12 Nov 1997.³Mozambique withdrew 12 Nov 1997.⁴from 2018 Eswatini. ⁵Tanzania withdrew 2 Sep 2001.⁶from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).⁷Namibia withdrew 9 Nov 2004.

The Commonwealth


31 Dec 1931 - 26 Mar 1976


26 Mar 1976 - Oct 2013


Adopted Oct 2013

Commonwealth website

Statute of Westminster
(11 Dec 1931)

Headquarters: London
(United Kingdom)

Comm. Day: 2nd Monday
in March
Commonwealth Day
(24 May [1819]
Empire Day to 1958)

31 Dec 1931 Statute of Westminster creates the British Commonwealth of Nations. 27 Apr 1949 Renamed The Commonwealth. Jul 1965 Commonwealth secretariat created.

Secretaries-general Jun 1965 - 30 Jun 1975 Arnold Smith (Canada) (b. 1915 - d. 1994) 1 Jul 1975 - 30 Jun 1990 Sir Shridath Ramphal (Guyana) (b. 1928) 1 Jul 1990 - 3 Apr 2000 Emeka Anyaoku (Nigeria) (b. 1933) 3 Apr 2000 - 1 Apr 2008 Don McKinnon (New Zealand) (b. 1939) 1 Apr 2008 - 31 Mar2016 Kamalesh Sharma (India) (b. 1941) 1 Apr 2016 - Patricia Scotland, Baroness (b. 1955) Scotland of Asthal (f) (Dominica/U.K.)

Chairmen-in-office 12 Nov 1999 - 2 Mar 2002 Thabo Mbeki (South Africa) (b. 1942) 2 Mar 2002 - 5 Dec 2003 John Howard (Australia) (b. 1939) 5 Dec 2003 - 25 Nov 2005 Olusegun Obasanjo (Nigeria) (b. 1937) 25 Nov 2005 - 23 Nov 2007 Lawrence Gonzi (Malta) (b. 1953) 23 Nov 2007 - 27 Nov 2009 Yoweri Museveni (Uganda) (b. 1944) 27 Nov 2009 - 26 May 2010 Patrick Manning (b. 1946 - d. 2016) (Trinidad and Tobago) 26 May 2010 - 28 Oct 2011 Kamla Persad-Bissessar (f) (b. 1952) (Trinidad and Tobago) 28 Oct 2011 - 27 Jun 2013 Julia Gillard (f) (Australia) (b. 1961) 27 Jun 2013 - 18 Sep 2013 Kevin Rudd (Australia) (b. 1957) 18 Sep 2013 - 15 Nov 2013 Tony Abbott (Australia) (b. 1957) 15 Nov 2013 - 9 Jan 2015 Mahinda Rajapakse (Sri Lanka) (b. 1945) 9 Jan 2015 - 27 Nov 2015 Maithripala Sirisena (Sri Lanka) (b. 1951) 27 Nov 2015 - 12 Apr 2018 Joseph Muscat (Malta) (b. 1974) 12 Apr 2018 -24 Jul 2019 Theresa May (f) (U.K.) (b. 1956) 24 Jul 2019 - Boris Johnson (U.K.) (b. 1964)

Commonwealth membership (54)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

11 Dec 1931 Australia, Canada, Ireland¹, New Zealand, Newfoundland², South Africa³, United Kingdom

15 Oct 1947 India, Pakistan⁴

4 Feb 1948 Ceylon⁵

6 Mar 1957 Ghana

31 Aug 1957 Malaya⁶

1 Oct 1960 Nigeria⁷

13 Mar 1961 Cyprus

27 Apr 1961 Sierra Leone⁸

9 Dec 1961 Tanganyika⁹

6 Aug 1962 Jamaica

31 Aug 1962 Trinidad and Tobago

9 Oct 1962 Uganda

12 Dec 1963 Kenya

6 Jul 1964 Malawi

21 Sep 1964 Malta

24 Oct 1964 Zambia

18 Feb 1965 The Gambia¹⁰

15 Oct 1965 Singapore

26 May 1966 Guyana

30 Sep 1966 Botswana

4 Oct 1966 Lesotho

30 Nov 1966 Barbados

12 Mar 1968 Mauritius

6 Sep 1968 Swaziland¹¹

29 Nov 1968 Nauru¹²

4 Jun 1970 Tonga

28 Aug 1970 Western Samoa¹³

10 Oct 1970 Fiji¹⁴

18 Apr 1972 Bangladesh

10 Jul 1973 The Bahamas

7 Feb 1974 Grenada

16 Sep 1975 Papua New Guinea

28 Jun 1976 Seychelles

7 Jul 1978 Solomon Islands

1 Oct 1978 Tuvalu¹⁵

3 Nov 1978 Dominica

22 Feb 1979 Saint Lucia

12 Jul 1979 Kiribati

27 Oct 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines¹⁶

18 Apr 1980 Zimbabwe¹⁷

30 Jul 1980 Vanuatu

21 Sep 1981 Belize

1 Nov 1981 Antigua and Barbuda

9 Jul 1982 Maldives¹⁸

19 Sep 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis

1 Jan 1984 Brunei Darussalam

21 Mar 1990 Namibia

1 Nov 1995 Cameroon

12 Nov 1995 Mozambique

28 Nov 2009 Rwanda

¹Ireland withdrew 18 Apr 1949.²Newfoundland became a colony 16 Feb 1934.³South Africa withdrew 31 May 1961, rejoined 1 Jun 1994.⁴Pakistan withdrew 30 Jan 1972, rejoined 1 Oct 1989; suspended from councils 18 Oct 1999 - 22 May 2004 and 22 Nov 2007 - 12 May 2008.⁵from 1972 Sri Lanka.⁶from 1963 Malaysia.⁷Nigeria suspended 11 Nov 1995 - 29 May 1999.⁸Sierra Leone suspended from councils 11 Jul 1997 - 10 Mar 1998. ⁹from 1964 Tanzania.¹⁰The Gambia withdrew 3 Oct 2013, rejoined 8 Feb 2018.¹¹from 2018 Eswatini.¹²Nauru special member to 1 May 1999 and 9 Jan 2006 - 26 Jun 2011; "member in arrears" Nov 2007 - 26 Jun 2011. ¹³from 1997 Samoa.¹⁴Fiji withdrew 15 Oct 1987, rejoined 30 Sep 1997; suspended from councils 6 Jun 2000 - 20 Dec 2001, 8 Dec 2006 - 1 Sep 2009, and 14 Mar - 26 Sep 2014; fully suspended 1 Sep 2009 - 14 Mar 2014.¹⁵Tuvalu special member to 1 Sep 2000.¹⁶Saint Vincent special member to 1 Jun 1985.¹⁷Zimbabwe suspended from councils 19 Mar 2002, withdrew 7 Dec 2003. ¹⁸Maldives special member to 20 Jul 1985; withdrew 13 Oct 2016; rejoined 1 Feb 2020.

Date of
Admission
Associated Members of Commonwealth

4 Aug 1965 Cook Islands

19 Oct 1974 Niue

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

Jun 1992 - 15 Apr 1994 (unofficial)


15 Apr 1994 - 19 Jan 1996 (unofficial);
Adopted 19 Jan 1996

CIS website

Headquarters: Minsk
(Belarus)

8 Dec 1991 Commonwealth of Slavic States (Belarus, Russia and Ukraine). 21 Dec 1991 Commonwealth of Independent States.

Coordinator of the Working Group for Organization 16 Jan 1992 - May 1993 Ivan Mikhaylovich Korotchenya (b. 1948) (Belarus) Executive Secretaries May 1993 - 29 Apr 1998 Ivan Mikhaylovich Korotchenya (s.a.) (1st time)(Belarus) 29 Apr 1998 - 4 Mar 1999 Boris Abramovich Berezovskiy (b. 1946 - d. 2013) (Russia) 4 Mar 1999 - 2 Apr 1999 Ivan Mikhaylovich Korotchenya (s.a.) (2nd time)(acting)(Belarus) 2 Apr 1999 - 14 Jun 2004 Yuriy Fyodorovich Yarov (Russia) (b. 1942) 14 Jun 2004 - 5 Oct 2007 Vladimir Borisovich Rushaylo (b. 1953) (Rushailo)(Russia) 5 Oct 2007 - Sergey NikolayevichLebedev (Russia)(b. 1948)

CIS membership (9)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

21 Dec 1991 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Tukmenistan¹, Ukraine², Uzbekistan

9 Dec 1993 Georgia³

¹Tukmenistan withdrew 26 Aug 2005, continues to participate as associate member.²Ukraine announcedon 21 Sep 2015 it would continue taking part on a selective basis; ceased participation in statutory bodies 19 May 2018.³Georgia withdrew18 Aug 2009.

Date of
Admission
Associate Member of CIS

26 Aug 2005 Turkmenistan

Communist International

[Flag of USSR, 1923-1955]

Comintern Constitution
(4 Mar 1919) Headquarters: Moscow
(Soviet Union)
(Belgrade, Yugoslavia)
1947-1948; Bucharest,
Romania 1948-1956)

4 Mar 1919 Communist International ("Comintern"). 15 May 1943 Comintern dissolved. 22 Sep 1947 - 17 Apr 1956 Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties (Communist Information Bureau)("Cominform").

Chairmen of the Executive Committee 6 Mar 1919 - 1926 Grigoriy Yevseyevich Zinovyev (b. 1883 - d. 1936) (Soviet Union) 1926 - 1929 Nikolay Ivanovich Bukharin (b. 1888 - d. 1938) (Soviet Union) 1929 - 1934 Secretaries ([de facto] acting) - Dmitriy Zakharovich Manuilskiy(b. 1883 - d. 1959) (Soviet Union)(from 1931) - Otto Ville Kuusinen (Finland) (b. 1881 - d. 1964) (to 1931) - Georgi Mikhaylov Dimitrov (b. 1882 - d. 1949) (Bulgaria) 1934 - 15 May 1943 Georgi Mikhaylov Dimitrov (s.a.) (Bulgaria) Chief Redactors[only permanent structure formed was the redaction committee ofCominform publications]1947 - 1950 Pavel Fyodorovich Yudin (b. 1899 - d. 1968) (Soviet Union) 1950 - 1953 Mark Borisovich Mitin (b. 1901 - d. 1987) (Gershkovich)(Soviet Union)

Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP)

[Community of
Portuguese-Speaking Countries, 1996-2002]

17 Jul 1996 - 1 Aug 2002

[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]

Adopted 1 Aug 2002

CPLP Website

Headquarters: Lisbon
(Portugal)

17 Jul 1996 Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa) constituted.

Executive Secretaries 17 Jul 1996 - Jul 2000 Marcolino José Carlos Moco (Angola) (b. 1953) Jul 2000 - 1 Aug 2002 Dulce Maria Pereira (f) (Brazil) (b. 1954) 1 Aug 2002 - 14 Apr 2004 João Augusto de Médicis (Brazil) (b. 1936 - d. 2004) 15 Apr 2004 - 27 Jul 2004 Zeferino Alexandre Martins (interim)(b. 1955) (Mozambique) 27 Jul 2004 - 25 Jul 2008 Luís de Matos Monteiro da Fonseca (b. 1944) (Cape Verde) 25 Jul 2008 - 18 Sep 2012 Domingos Simões Pereira (b. 1963) (Guinea-Bissau)18 Sep 2012 - 9 Jan 2017 Murade Isaac Miguigy Murargy (b. 1946) (Mozambique) 9 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2018 Maria do Carmo Trovoada Pires (b. 1961) de Carvalho Silveira (f) (São Tomé e Principe) 1 Jan 2019 - Francisco Ribeiro Telles (Portugal) (b. 1953)

Directors-general 1 Feb 2008 - 3 Feb 2014 Hélder Jorge Vaz Gomes Lopes (b. 1959) (Guinea-Bissau) 3 Feb 2014 - 10 Feb 2020 Georgina Maria Augusta Benrós (b. 1953) de Mello (f) (Cabo Verde) 10 Feb 2020 - Armindo Brito Fernandes (b. 1962?) (São Tomé e Principe)
CPLP membership (9)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

17 Jul 1996 Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde¹, Guinea-Bissau², Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé e Principe

1 Aug 2002 East Timor³

23 Jul 2014 Equatorial Guinea⁴

¹from 2013 Cabo Verde.²Guinea-Bissau suspended Oct? 2012 - 23 Jun 2014.³from 2003 Timor-Leste.⁴Equatorial Guinea an associate observer 16 Jul 2006 - 23 Jul 2014.

Date of
Admission
Associate Observers of CPLP

16 Jul 2006 Mauritius

24 Jul 2008 Senegal

22 Jul 2014 Georgia, Japan, Namibia, Turkey

1 Nov 2016 Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Uruguay

18 Jul 2018 Andorra, Argentina, Chile, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Serbia, United Kingdom

Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)

[Community of Sahel-Saharan
States (CEN-SAD)]

CEN-SAD website

Headquarters: Tripoli
(Libya)

4 Feb 1998 Community of Sahel-Saharan States established (Communauté des Etats Sahélo-Sahariens)(CEN-SAD). 16 Feb 2013 Revised community treaty signed.Secretaries-general 1999 - 2012 Mohamed al-Madani al-Azhari (Libya) 2012 - Ibrahim Sani Abani (Niger) (acting to 18 Feb 2013, then interim) CEN-SAD membership (29)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`4 Feb 1998`	`Burkina Faso, Chad, Libya, Mali, Niger, The Sudan`
`Apr 1999`	`Central African Republic, Eritrea`
`Feb 2000`	`Djibouti, The Gambia, Senegal`
`Feb 2001`	`Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, Somalia, Tunisia`
`Mar 2002`	`Benin, Togo`
`May 2004`	`Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia`
`Jun 2005`	`Ghana, Sierra Leone`
`Jun 2007`	`Comoros, Guinea`
`Jun 2008`	`Kenya, Mauritania,São Tomé and Príncipe`
`Jun 2009`	`Cape Verde¹`
`¹from 2013 Cabo Verde.`

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)

CTBTO website

Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)

CTBT Treaty
(10 Sep 1996)

10 Sep 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) signed (it will be ratified 180 days after ratification by 44 Annex 2 countries).19 Nov 1996 Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Organization (CTBTO) established.17 Mar 1997 Provisional secretariat inaugurated. Executive Secretariesof the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Organization17 Mar 1997 - 1 Aug 2005 Wolfgang Hoffmann (Germany) (b. 1937) 1 Aug 2005 - 1 Aug 2013 Tibor Tóth (Hungary) (b. 1954) 1 Aug 2013 - Lassina Zerbo (Burkina Faso) (b. 1963)
CTBT Ratifications and CTBTO membership (168)

Date of Ratification	Ratifying Nations
`10 Oct 1996`	`Fiji`
`3 Mar 1997`	`Qatar`
`29 May 1997`	`Uzbekistan`
`8 Jul 1997`	`Japan`
`25 Jul 1997`	`Federated States of Micronesia`
`8 Aug 1997`	`Mongolia`
`11 Sep 1997`	`Czech Republic`
`12 Nov 1997`	`Peru`
`20 Feb 1998`	`Turkmenistan`
`3 Mar 1998`	`Slovakia`
`13 Mar 1998`	`Austria`
`6 Apr 1998`	`France, United Kingdom`
`10 Jun 1998`	`Tajikistan`
`9 Jul 1998`	`Australia`
`24 Jul 1998`	`Brazil`
`31 Jul 1998`	`Spain`
`19 Aug 1998`	`Grenada`
`20 Aug 1998`	`Germany`
`25 Aug 1998`	`Jordan`
`11 Sep 1998`	`El Salvador`
`2 Dec 1998`	`Sweden`
`4 Dec 1998`	`Argentina`
`18 Dec 1998`	`Canada, Monaco`
`21 Dec 1998`	`Denmark`
`15 Jan 1999`	`Finland`
`1 Feb 1999`	`Italy`
`2 Feb 1999`	`Azerbaijan`
`19 Mar 1999`	`New Zealand`
`23 Mar 1999`	`The Netherlands, Panama`
`30 Mar 1999`	`South Africa`
`21 Apr 1999`	`Greece`
`25 May 1999`	`Poland`
`26 May 1999`	`Luxembourg`
`9 Jun 1999`	`Senegal`
`29 Jun 1999`	`Belgium`
`13 Jul 1999`	`Hungary`
`15 Jul 1999`	`Ireland, Norway`
`4 Aug 1999`	`Mali`
`13 Aug 1999`	`Estonia`
`31 Aug 1999`	`Slovenia`
`14 Sep 1999`	`Lesotho`
`24 Sep 1999`	`South Korea`
`29 Sep 1999`	`Bulgaria`
`1 Oct 1999`	`Switzerland`
`4 Oct 1999`	`Bolivia`
`5 Oct 1999`	`Mexico, Romania`
`7 Feb 2000`	`Lithuania`
`16 Feb 2000`	`Turkey`
`8 Mar 2000`	`Bangladesh`
`14 Mar 2000`	`Macedonia¹`
`17 Apr 2000`	`Morocco`
`26 Jun 2000`	`Iceland, Portugal`
`30 Jun 2000`	`Russia`
`12 Jul 2000`	`Chile`
`7 Sep 2000`	`Kiribati, Maldives`
`13 Sep 2000`	`Belarus`
`18 Sep 2000`	`United Arab Emirates`
`20 Sep 2000`	`Gabon`
`5 Oct 2000`	`Laos`
`10 Nov 2000`	`Cambodia`
`30 Nov 2000`	`Kenya`
`5 Dec 2000`	`Nicaragua`
`23 Feb 2001`	`Philippines, Ukraine`
`2 Mar 2001`	`Croatia`
`6 Mar 2001`	`Benin`
`7 Mar 2001`	`Guyana`
`14 Mar 2001`	`Uganda`
`5 Apr 2001`	`Saint Lucia`
`29 Jun 2001`	`Namibia`
`18 Jul 2001`	`Holy See`
`23 Jul 2001`	`Malta`
`17 Sep 2001`	`Sierra Leone`
`21 Sep 2001`	`Uruguay`
`25 Sep 2001`	`Costa Rica`
`27 Sep 2001`	`Nigeria`
`4 Oct 2001`	`Paraguay`
`10 Nov 2001`	`Singapore`
`12 Nov 2001`	`Ecuador, Nauru`
`13 Nov 2001`	`Jamaica`
`20 Nov 2001`	`Latvia`
`12 Mar 2002`	`San Marino`
`17 Apr 2002`	`Burkina Faso`
`13 May 2002`	`Venezuela`
`14 May 2002`	`Kazakhstan`
`9 Sep 2002`	`Niger`
`27 Sep 2002`	`Georgia, Samoa`
`28 Oct 2002`	`Botswana`
`11 Mar 2003`	`Côte d'Ivoire`
`23 Apr 2003`	`Albania`
`30 Apr 2003`	`Mauritania`
`6 May 2003`	`Kuwait`
`13 Jun 2003`	`Oman`
`11 Jul 2003`	`Algeria`
`18 Jul 2003`	`Cyprus`
`24 Sep 2003`	`Afghanistan`
`2 Oct 2003`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`30 Oct 2003`	`Honduras`
`11 Nov 2003`	`Eritrea`
`6 Jan 2004`	`Libya`
`26 Mar 2004`	`Belize`
`12 Apr 2004`	`Bahrain`
`13 Apr 2004`	`Seychelles`
`19 May 2004`	`Serbia`
`10 Jun 2004`	`The Sudan`
`2 Jul 2004`	`Togo`
`21 Sep 2004`	`Liechtenstein`
`23 Sep 2004`	`Tunisia`
`28 Sep 2008`	`Congo (Kinshasa)`
`30 Sep 2004`	`Tanzania`
`30 Nov 2004`	`Rwanda`
`27 Apr 2005`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`15 Jul 2005`	`Djibouti`
`6 Sep 2005`	`Cook Islands`
`15 Sep 2005`	`Madagascar`
`16 Sep 2005`	`Vanuatu`
`1 Dec 2005`	`Haiti`
`11 Jan 2006`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`6 Feb 2006`	`Cameroon`
`7 Feb 2006`	`Suriname`
`23 Feb 2006`	`Zambia`
`1 Mar 2006`	`Cape Verde²`
`10 Mar 2006`	`Vietnam`
`12 Jul 2006`	`Andorra, Armenia`
`8 Aug 2006`	`Ethiopia`
`23 Oct 2006`	`Montenegro`
`26 Oct 2006`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`16 Jan 2007`	`Moldova`
`7 Aug 2007`	`Palau`
`4 Sep 2007`	`Dominican Republic`
`30 Nov 2007`	`The Bahamas`
`14 Jan 2008`	`Barbados`
`17 Jan 2008`	`Malaysia`
`29 Jan 2008`	`Colombia`
`24 Sep 2008`	`Burundi`
`4 Nov 2008`	`Mozambique`
`21 Nov 2008`	`Lebanon, Malawi`
`17 Aug 2009`	`Liberia`
`23 Sep 2009`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`28 Oct 2009`	`Marshall Islands`
`26 May 2010`	`Central Africa Republic, Trindad and Tobago`
`14 Jun 2011`	`Ghana`
`22 Sep 2011`	`Guinea`
`12 Jan 2012`	`Guatemala`
`6 Feb 2012`	`Indonesia`
`10 Jan 2013`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`8 Feb 2013`	`Chad`
`24 Sep 2013`	`Guinea-Bissau`
`27 Sep 2013`	`Iraq`
`4 Mar 2014`	`Niue`
`2 Sep 2014`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`20 Mar 2015`	`Angola`
`21 Sep 2016`	`Myanmar, Swaziland³`
`25 Sep 2018`	`Thailand`
`13 Feb 2019`	`Zimbabwe`
`¹as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.` `²from 2013 Cabo Verde.³from 2018 Eswatini.`

Annex 2 states that have not ratified the CTBT
`China, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, United States`

Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)

[Council of the Baltic Sea
States flag]

CBSS Website

Headquarters: Stockholm
(Sweden)

5 Mar 1992 Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) created. 29 Jan 1998 Secretariat established.Directors-general of the Permanent Secretariat 15 Aug 1998 - 15 Sep 2002 Jacek Starościak (Poland) (b. 1947) 15 Sep 2002 - 1 Sep 2005 Hannu Halinen (Finland) (b. 1947) 1 Sep 2005 - 1 Sep 2010 Gabriele Kötschau (f)(Germany) (b. 1950) 1 Sep 2010 - 30 Jun 2016 Jan Lundin (Sweden) (b. 1963) 1 Jul 2016 - 31 Aug 2016 Bernd Hemingway (Germany) (acting) 1 Sep 2016 - Maira Mora (f) (Latvia) (b. 1955)
CBSS membership (12)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`5 Mar 1992`	`Denmark, Estonia, European Commission, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden`
`18 May 1995`	`Iceland`

Council of Europe (CE)


Adopted 9 Dec 1955

CE website

Headquarters: Strasbourg
(France)

Hear CE Anthem
"Ode to Joy"
Adopted 5 May 1972

CE Day: 5 May (1949)
Europe Day

5 May 1949 Council of Europe

Secretaries-general 11 Aug 1949 - 17 Jul 1953 Jacques Camille Paris (France) (b. 1902 - d. 1953) 21 Sep 1953 - 24 Sep 1956 Léon Marchal (France) (b. 1900 - d. 1956) 15 Sep 1957 - 15 Mar 1964 Lodovico Benvenuti (Italy) (b. 1899 - d. 1966) 16 Mar 1964 - 15 Sep 1969 Peter Henry Berry Otway Smithers (b. 1913 - d. 2006) (U.K.) 16 Sep 1969 - 16 Sep 1974 Lujo Tončić-Sorinj (Austria) (b. 1915 - d. 2005) 17 Sep 1974 - 17 Sep 1979 Georg Kahn-Ackermann (W. Germany) (b. 1918 - d. 2008) 1 Oct 1979 - 1 Oct 1984 Franz Karasek (Austria) (b. 1924 - d. 1986) 1 Oct 1984 - 1 Jun 1989 Marcelino Oreja y Aguirre (Spain) (b. 1935) 1 Jun 1989 - 31 May 1994 Catherine Lalumière (f) (France) (b. 1935) 20 Jun 1994 - 1 Sep 1999 Nils Daniel Tarschys (Sweden) (b. 1943) 1 Sep 1999 - 1 Sep 2004 Walter Schwimmer (Austria) (b. 1942) 1 Sep 2004 - 1 Sep 2009 Terence "Terry" Anthony Gordon (b. 1938) Davis (U.K.) 1 Sep 2009 - 1 Oct 2009 Maud de Boer-Buquicchio (f) (b. 1944) (Netherlands) (acting) 1 Oct 2009 -18 Sep 2019 Thorbjørn Jagland(Norway) (b. 1950)18 Sep 2019 - Marija Pejčinović Burić (f) (b. 1963) (Croatia)

Presidents of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe10 Aug 1949 Édouard Marie Herriot (France) (b. 1872 - d. 1957) Lib (honorary) 11 Aug 1949 - 11 Dec 1951 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 - d. 1972) Soc 26 May 1952 - 19 May 1954 François de Menthon (France) (b. 1900 - d. 1984) CD 20 May 1954 - 15 Apr 1956 Alcide Guy Mollet (France) (b. 1905 - d. 1975) Soc 16 Apr 1956 - 20 Apr 1959 Fernand Louis Jean Dehousse (b. 1906 - d. 1976) Soc (Belgium) 21 Apr 1959 - 23 Nov 1959 Lewis John Edwards (U.K.) (b. 1904 - d. 1959) Soc 25 Apr 1960 - 5 May 1963 Per Torben Federspiel (Denmark) (b. 1905 - d. 1994) Lib 6 May 1963 - 1 May 1966 Pierre Eugène Jean Pflimlin (b. 1907 - d. 2000) CD (France) 2 May 1966 - 11 May 1969 Sir Geoffrey Stanley de Freitas (b. 1913 - d. 1982) Soc (U.K.) 12 May 1969 - 14 May 1972 Olivier Reverdin (Switzerland) (b. 1913 - d. 2000) Lib 15 May 1972 - 20 Apr 1975 Giuseppe Vedovato (Italy) (b. 1912 - d. 2012) CD 21 Apr 1975 - 23 Apr 1978 Karl Czernetz (Austria) (b. 1910 - d. 1978) Soc 24 Apr 1978 - 10 May 1981 Henri Johan de Koster (Netherlands)(b. 1914 - d. 1992) Lib 11 May 1981 - 24 Apr 1983 José María de Areilza y Martínez (b. 1909 - d. 1998) Dem de Rodas (Spain) 25 Apr 1983 - 20 Apr 1986 Karl Ahrens (Germany) (b. 1924 - d. 2015) Soc 21 Apr 1986 - 7 May 1989 Louis Jung (France) (b. 1917 - d. 2015) CD 8 May 1989 - 24 Nov 1991 Anders Per-Arne Björck (Sweden) (b. 1944) Lib 25 Nov 1991 - 3 May 1992 Sir Geoffrey Finsberg (U.K.) (b. 1926 - d. 1996) ED 4 May 1992 - 21 Jan 1996 Miguel Ángel Martínez Martínez (b. 1940) Soc (Spain) 22 Jan 1996 - 24 Jan 1999 Leni Fischer (f)(Germany) (b. 1935) CD 25 Jan 1999 - 20 Jan 2002 David Russell-Johnston, Baron (b. 1932 - d. 2008) Lib Russell-Johnston(U.K.)21 Jan 2002 - 23 Jan 2005 Peter Schieder (Austria) (b. 1941 - d. 2013) Soc 24 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2008 Pierre René Hubert Marie van der (b. 1943) CD Linden (Netherlands) 21 Jan 2008 - 24 Jan 2010 Lluís María de Puig i Olivé (Spain)(b. 1945 - d. 2012) Soc 25 Jan 2010 - 23 Jan 2012 Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu(Turkey) (b. 1968) Con 23 Jan 2012 - 26 Jan 2014 Jean-Claude Mignon (France) (b. 1950) EPP 27 Jan 2014 - 24 Jan 2016 Anne Brasseur (f)(Luxembourg) (b. 1950) ALDE 25 Jan 2016 - 6 Oct 2017 Pedro Agramunt (Spain) (b. 1951) EPP 6 Oct 2017 - 10 Oct 2017 Sir Roger James Gale (U.K.)(acting)(b. 1943) EC 10 Oct 2017 - 21 Jan 2018 Stélla Kyriakídes (f) (Cyprus) (b. 1956) EPP 22 Jan 2018 - 25 Jun 2018 Michele Nicoletti (Italy) (b. 1956) Soc 25 Jun 2018 - 27 Jan 2020 Liliane Maury Pasquier (f) (b. 1956) Soc (Switzerland) 27 Jan 2020 - Hendrik "Rik" Daems (Belgium) (b. 1959) ALDE

Presidents of the European Court of Human Rights 21 Jan 1959 - 3 May 1965 Arnold Duncan McNair, Baron McNair(b. 1885 - d. 1975) (U.K.) 20 May 1965 - 15 Jun 1968 René Samuel Cassin (France) (b. 1887 - d. 1976) 27 Sep 1968 - 5 May 1971 Henri Marthe Sylvie Rolin (Belgium)(b. 1891 - d. 1973) 5 May 1971 - 21 Jan 1974 Sir Claud Humphrey Meredith Waldock(b. 1904 - d. 1981) (U.K.) 8 May 1974 - 9 Dec 1980 Giorgio Balladore Pallieri (Italy) (b. 1905 - d. 1980) 30 Jan 1981 - 30 May 1985 Gérard Johannes Wiarda (b. 1906 - d. 1988) (Netherlands) 30 May 1985 - 18 Feb 1998 Rolv Einar Rasmussen Ryssdal (b. 1914 - d. 1998) (Norway) 24 Mar 1998 - 31 Oct 1998 Rudolf Bernhardt (Germany) (b. 1925) 1 Nov 1998 - 18 Jan 2007 Luzius Wildhaber (Switzerland) (b. 1937 - d. 2020) 19 Jan 2007 - 3 Nov 2011 Jean-Paul Costa (France) (b. 1941) 4 Nov 2011 - 31 Oct 2012 Sir Nicolas Bratza (U.K.) (b. 1945) 1 Nov 2012 - 31 Oct 2015 Dean Spielmann (Luxembourg) (b. 1962) 1 Nov 2015 - 5 May 2019 Guido Raimondi (Italy) (b. 1953) 5 May 2019 - Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos (b. 1960) (Greece)

Commissioners for Human Rights 15 Oct 1999 - 31 Mar 2006 Álvaro Gil-Robles y Gil-Delgado (b. 1944) (Spain) 1 Apr 2006 - 31 Mar 2012 Thomas Hammarberg (Sweden) (b. 1942) 1 Apr 2012 - 31 Mar 2018 Nils Muižnieks (Latvia) (b. 1964) 1 Apr 2018 - Dunja Mijatović (f) (b. 1964) (Bosnia-Hercegovina)

CE membership (47)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

5 May 1949 Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom

9 Aug 1949 Greece¹

3 Mar 1950 Iceland

13 Apr 1950 Turkey

13 Jul 1950 (West) Germany²

16 Apr 1956 Austria

24 May 1961 Cyprus

6 May 1963 Switzerland

29 Apr 1965 Malta

22 Sep 1976 Portugal

24 Nov 1977 Spain

23 Nov 1978 Liechtenstein

16 Nov 1988 San Marino

5 May 1989 Finland

6 Nov 1990 Hungary

21 Jan 1991 Czechoslovakia³

29 Nov 1991 Poland

7 May 1992 Bulgaria

14 May 1993 Estonia, Lithuania, Slovenia

30 Jun 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia

7 Oct 1993 Romania

10 Oct 1994 Andorra

10 Feb 1995 Latvia

13 Jul 1995 Albania, Moldova

9 Nov 1995 Macedonia⁴, Ukraine

28 Feb 1996 Russia⁵

6 Nov 1996 Croatia

27 Apr 1999 Georgia

25 Jan 2001 Armenia, Azerbaijan

24 Apr 2002 Bosnia and Hercegovina

3 Apr 2003 Serbia and Montenegro⁶

5 Oct 2004 Monaco

11 May 2007 Montenegro

¹Greece withdrew 12 Dec 1969, rejoined 28 Nov 1974.²(West) Germany an associate member to 2 May 1951.³Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁴as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.⁵Russia voting rights suspended 10 Apr 2014 - 25 Jun 2019.⁶from 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.

Date of
Admission
Associate Member of CE

13 Jul 1950 Saarland⁴

⁴Saarland withdrew 31 Dec 1956, part of (West) Germany 1 Jan 1957.

Party abbreviations: ALDE = Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe/Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour l'Europe (liberal and centrist, former ELDR, est.20 Jul 2004); Soc= Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group; EC = European Conservatives Group (conservative, former ED, est.2014); EPP= Group of European People's Party (center-right, christian democratic, 1999-2009 namedGroup of European People's Party-European Democrats[EPP-ED], est.8 Jul 1976); UEL= Group of the Unified European Left (leftist, est.2004); -Former groupings: CD= Christian Democrat Group (1965-1976); Cen= Centrist;Con = Conservative; Dem = Democrat;ED = European Democrat Group (conservative, 1970-1979 named Group of Independent Representatives, conservative, Eurosceptic, 17 Jul 1979-1 May 1992, 2009-2014, renamed EC); Lib= Liberals and Allies Group

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA/COMECON)

[Council for Mutual
Economic Assistance (CMEA/COMECON) 1949-1991]
23 Jan 1949 - 28 Jun 1991

Headquarters: Moscow
(Soviet Union) CMEA Charter
(14 Dec 1959)

25 Jan 1949 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA)("COMECON") established by U.S.S.R. and other communist bloc nations. 1971 Comprehensive Program for the Further Extension and Improvement of Cooperation and the Further Development of Socialist Economic Integration by the Comecon Member Countries adopted. Dec 1985 Comprehensive Program for Scientific and Technical Progress up to the Year 2000 adopted. 28 Jun 1991 COMECON dissolved.

Secretaries to the Council (all from Soviet Union) 26 Apr 1949 - 24 Nov 1950 Aleksandr Ivanovich Loshchakov (b. 1910 - d. 2010?) 24 Nov 1950 - 20 May 1958 Aleksandr A. Pavlov 20 May 1958 - 20 Oct 1983 Nikolay Vasilyevich Fadeyev (b. 1911 - d. ....) (Faddeyev) 20 Oct 1983 - 28 Jun 1991 Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Sychev (b. 1933) (Sychyov)

COMECON membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

25 Jan 1949 Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union

21 Feb 1949 Albania¹

29 Sep 1950 East Germany²

7 Jun 1962 Mongolia

11 Jul 1972 Cuba

29 Jun 1978 Vietnam

¹Albania inactive since Dec 1961, but did not formally withdraw.²East Germany withdrew 2 Oct 1990.

Date of
Admission
Associate Member of Comecon

17 Sep 1964 Yugoslavia

Customs Cooperation Council (CCC): see World Customs Organization (WCO)

Danube Commission


Adopted 14 Dec 1950


Reverse

DC website

Headquarters: Budapest (Hungary)(Galati, Romania
1948-1954)

30 Mar 1856 - 5 May 1918 European Commission of the Danube (Commission Européenne du Danube)(CED). 23 Jul 1921 - Dec 1940 International Danube Commission (IDC). 18 Aug 1948 Danube Commission created by the Belgrade Convention (enters into force 11 May 1949).

Directors-general 1949 – 1953 Grigoriy Nikolayevich Morozov (Soviet Union) 1953 – 1960 Kiril Halachev (Bulgaria)1960 – 1963 Martin Rusu (Romania) 1963 – 1966 Nae Androne (Romania) 1966 – 1972 Luka Yakovlevich Kapikrayan (b. 1913 - d. 1988) (Soviet Union) 1972 – 1978 György Fekete (Hungary) 1978 – 1984 L'udovítKincel (Czechoslovakia) 1984 – 1990 Đorđe (Djordje) Lalošević (b. 1928 - d. 1996) (Yugoslavia) 1990 - 2000 Hellmuth Strasser (Austria) (b. 1934) 1 Jul 2000 - 2007 Danail Nedialkov(Bulgaria) (b. 1954) 2007 - 2013 István Valkár (Hungary) (b. 1950) 1 Jul 2013 - 30 Jun 2019 Petar Margić (Croatia) (b. 1953) 1 Jul 2019 - Manfred Seitz (Austria) (b. 1963)

Presidents 1949 - 1950 Teodor Rudenco(Romania) 1950 – 1954 Grigore Preoteasa (Romania) (b. 1915 - d. 1957) 1954 – 1957 Endre Sik (Hungary) (b. 1891 - d. 1978) 1957 – 1960 Karel Štekl (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1911 - d. ....) 1960 – 1961 Slavoljub Petrović(Yugoslavia) (b. 1920 - d. 2013) 1961 - 1963 Mustafa Vilović (Yugoslavia) (b. 1917 - d. 19..) 1963 – 1965 Georgiy Apollinaryevich Denisov (b. 1909 - d. 1996) (Soviet Union) 1965 - 1966 Fyodor Yegorovich Titov (b. 1910 - d. 1989) (Soviet Union) 1966 – 1969 Vassil Bogdanov (Bulgaria) 1969 - 1972 Kurt Enderl (Austria) (b. 1913 - d. 1985) 1972 – 1975 Ioan Cotot (Romania) 1975 – 1978 Václav Moravec (Czechoslovakia) 1978 – 1981 István Roska (Hungary) (b. 1926 - d. 2008) 1981 – 1984 Radovan Urošev (Yugoslavia) 1984 - 1985 Vladimir Nikolayevich Bazovskiy (b. 1917 - d. 1993) (Soviet Union) 1985 - 1987 Boris Ivanovich Stukalin (b. 1923 - d. 2004) (Soviet Union) 1987 – 1989 Venelin Todorov Kotsev(Bulgaria) (b. 1926 - d. 2002) 1989 – 1990 Veselin Filev(Bulgaria) 1990 – 1991 Simion Pop (Romania) (b. 1930 - d. 2008) 1991 – 1993 Ion Diaconu (Romania) (b. 1938) 1993 – 1996 György Misur (Hungary) (b. 1933) 1996 – 1999 Eva Mitrová(f)(Slovakia) (b. 1937) 1999 - 2000 Július Hauser(Slovakia) (b. 1953) 2000 – 2002 Hellmuth Strasser (Austria) (s.a.) 2002 – 2005 Stanko Nick (Croatia) (b. 1935 - d. 2010)May 2005 - 2008 Milovan Božinović (Serbia) (b. 1947) 2008 - 2009 Igor Sergeyevich Savolskiy (b. 1943) (Russia) 28 Dec 2009 - 4 Jun 2011 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Tolkach (b. 1948) (Russia) 4 Jun 2011 - 30 May 2012 Dimitar Ikonomov (Bulgaria) 30 May 2012 - 3 Jun 2014 Biserka Benisheva (f) (Bulgaria) (b. 1953) 3 Jun 2014 - 9 Jun 2017 Rade Drobac (Serbia) (b. 1950) 9 Jun 2017 - Gordan Grlić Radman (Croatia) (b. 1958)

Danube Commission membership (11)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

11 May 1949 Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia¹, Hungary, Romania,
Soviet Union², Ukrainian S.S.R.³, Yugoslavia⁴

7 Jan 1960 Austria

1 Jan 1993 Slovakia

26 Mar 1998 Croatia, Germany, Moldova

4 Feb 2003 Serbia⁴

¹Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992;on 1 Jan 1993 membership succeeded by Slovakia. ²Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia. ³from 1991 Ukraine. ⁴from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.

Dutch Language Union (Taalunie) (DLU)
[Dutch Language Union
(Nederlandse Taalunie) uses the Benelux flag]

DLU website

Headquarters: The Hague
(The Netherlands)

9 Sep 1980 Treaty on the Dutch Language Union signed. 1 Apr 1984 Dutch Language Union (Nederlandse Taalunie). Secretaries-general 1984 - 1992 Oscar de Wandel (Belgium) (b. 1947) 1992 - 31 Dec 1997 Greetje van den Bergh (f) (b. 1947) (Netherlands) 1 Jan 1998 - 1 Apr 1998 Johanna Lamberdina Maria "Joep" (b. 1939 - d. 2017) Baartmans-van den Boogaart (f) (Netharlands)(acting) 1 Apr 1998 - 2004 Koen Jaspaert (Belgium) (b. 1957) 1 Nov 2004 - 24 Apr 2012 Linde van den Bosch (f) (b. 1963) (Netherlands) 24 Apr 2012 - 1 Jan 2013 Marc le Clercq (Netherlands) + MichelPenders (Belgium) (acting) 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Aug 2016 Geert Joris (Belgium) (b. 1960) 1 Sep 2016 - 31 Jan 2017 Maya Rispens (f)(Netherlands) + Kevin De Coninck (Belgium) (acting) 1 Feb 2017 - Hans Bennis(Netherlands) (b. 1951)
DLU membership (3)

Date of Admission	Members
`1 Apr 1984`	`Belgium (Flemish Community),` `The Netherlands¹`
`1 Jan 2005`	`Suriname²`
`¹from 27 Nov 2013 also applies to the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius).²Suriname an associate member.`

East African Community (EAC)


1948 - 1967 EACSO


1967 - 1977 EAC


Adopted 29 Apr 1997

EAC website

Headquarters: Arusha
(Tanzania)

ECA Day: 30 Nov (1993)
East African
Community Day

9 Dec 1961 East African Common Services Organization (EACSO) (replacing the East African High Commission established in 1948). 6 Jun 1967 East African Community (EAC) established. 1 Jul 1977 EAC dissolved. 30 Nov 1993 Agreement establishing the Permanent Commission for East African Co-operation signed. 14 Mar 1996 Secretariat of the Commission for East African Co-operation inaugurated. 30 Nov 1999 Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community signed(enters into force 7 Jul 2000).15 Jan 2001 East African Community re-established. 28 Nov 2001 East African Legislative Assembly established. 1 Jan 2005 EAC Customs Union operational (common market Jan 2010).

Secretaries-general 1962 - Jun 1964 Amishadai Larson Adu (Tanganyika) (b. 1914 - d. 1977) Jun 1964 - 1968 Dunstan Alfred Omari (Tanzania) (b. 1922 - d. 1993) 1968 - Jun 1971 Zerubaberi Hosea Kwamya Bigirwenkya(b. 1927) (Uganda) Jun 1971 - 25 Apr 1974 Charles Gatere Maina (Kenya) (b. 1931 - d. 2018) 25 Apr 1974 - 1 Feb 1977 Edwin Isaac Mbiliewi Mtei (b. 1932) (Tanzania) 1 Feb 1977 - 14 Mar 1996 Post abolished 14 Mar 1996 - 24 Apr 2001 Francis Muthaura (Kenya) (b. 1946) 24 Apr 2001 - 24 Apr 2006 Nuwe Amanya Mushega (Uganda) (b. 1946) 25 Apr 2006 - 24 Apr 2011 Juma Volter Mwapachu (Tanzania) (b. 1942) 25 Apr 2011 - 25 Apr 2016 Richard Sezibera (Rwanda) (b. 1964)25 Apr 2016 - Libérat Mfumukeko (Burundi) (b. 1964)

Speakers of the East African Legislative Assembly 29 Nov 2001 - 5 Jun 2007 Abdulrahman O. Kinana (Tanzania) (b. 1951) 5 Jun 2007 - 5 Jun 2012 Abdirahin Haithar Abdi (Kenya) (b. 1967?) 5 Jun 2012 - 17 Dec 2014 Margaret N. Zziwa (f) (Uganda) (b. 1963)19 Dec 2014 - 19 Dec 2017 Daniel Fred Kidega (Uganda) (b. 1973) 19 Dec 2017 - Martin Karoli Ngoga (Rwanda)

EAC membership (6)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

7 Jul 2000 Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

1 Jul 2007 Burundi, Rwanda

5 Sep 2016 South Sudan

EAC membership 1967-1977 (3)

Date of
Admission
Member Nations 1967-1977

6 Jun 1967 Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)

[Economic Community of Central
African States flag]

ECCAS website

Headquarters: Libreville
(Gabon)

18 Dec 1984 Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) (Communauté Économique des Etats d'Afrique Centrale[CEEAC]) established by Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (UDEAC). 1992 - 1999 Inactive. Secretaries-general1984 - 1990 Vincent de Paul Lunda Bululu (b. 1942) (Zaire)1990 - 1998 Kasasa Cinyanta Mutati (Zaire) 1998 - 28 Feb 2012 Louis Sylvain-Goma (b. 1941) (Congo [Brazzaville]) 28 Feb 2012 - 5 Aug 2013 Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaïdo (b. 1947) (Chad) 5 Aug 2013 - Ahmad Allam-Mi (Chad) (b. 1948)
ECCAS membership (11)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`18 Dec 1984`	`Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Principe, Zaire¹`
`21 Jan 1999`	`Angola, Rwanda²`
`¹from 1997, Congo (Kinshasa).²Rwanda withdrew Jun 2007, rejoined 25 May 2015.`

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

[Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS) flag]

ECOWAS website Headquarters: Abuja
(Nigeria)
(Lagos, Nigeria 1975-1991) ECOWAS Day:
week of 28 May (1975)
ECOWAS Day

28 May 1975 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)(Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest [CEDEAO]) established. 20 Jun 1975 ECOWAS treaty enters into force. 14 Mar 2002 ECOWAS parliament established.

Executive Secretaries Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1984 Aboubakar Diaby Ouattara (b. 1938) (Ivory Coast) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1988 Momodu Munu (Sierra Leone) (b. 1938) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Jan 1993 Abass Bundu (Sierra Leone) (b. 1948) 1 Feb 1993 - 30 Sep 1997 Edouard Benjamin (Guinea) (b. 1941) 1 Oct 1997 - 6 Feb 2002 Lansana Kouyaté (Guinea) (b. 1950) 6 Feb 2002 - 1 Jan 2007 Mohamed Ibn Chambas (Ghana) (b. 1950) Presidents of the Commission 1 Jan 2007 - 16 Feb 2010 Mohamed Ibn Chambas (Ghana) (s.a.) 16 Feb 2010 - 1 Mar 2012 James Victor Gbeho (Ghana) (b. 1935) 1 Mar 2012 - 8 Apr 2016 Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo (b. 1953) (Burkina Faso) 8 Apr 2016 - 1 Mar 2018 Marcel Alain de Souza (Benin) (b. 1953 - d. 2019) 1 Mar 2018 - Jean-Claude Kassi Brou (b. 1953) (Côte d'Ivoire)

Chairmen 1977 - 1978 Gnassingbé Eyadéma (Togo) (b. 1937 - d. 2005) (1st time) 1978 - 1979 Olusegun Obasanjo (Nigeria) (b. 1937) 1979 - 1980 Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal) (b. 1906 - d. 2001) 1980 - 1981 Gnassingbé Eyadéma (Togo) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1981 - 1982 Siaka Stevens (Sierra Leone) (b. 1905 - d. 1988) 1982 - 1983 Mathieu Kérékou (Benin) (b. 1933 - d. 2015) 1983 - 1984 Ahmed Sékou Touré (Guinea) (b. 1922 - d. 1984) 1984 - 1985 Lansana Conté (Guinea) (b. 1934 - d. 2008) 1985 - 27 Aug 1985 Mohammadu Buhari (Nigeria) (b. 1942) (1st time) 27 Aug 1985 - 1989 Ibrahim Babangida (Nigeria) (b. 1941) 1989 - 1990 Sir Dawda Jawara (The Gambia) (b. 1924 - d. 2019) (1st time) 1990 - 1991 Blaise Compaoré (Burkina Faso) (b. 1951) (1st time) 1991 - 1992 Sir Dawda Jawara (The Gambia) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1992 - 1993 Abdou Diouf (Senegal) (b. 1935) 1993 - 1994 Nicéphore Soglo (Benin) (b. 1934) 1994 - 27 Jul 1996 Jerry John Rawlings (Ghana) (b. 1947) 27 Jul 1996 - 8 Jun 1998 Sani Abacha (Nigeria) (b. 1943 - d. 1998) 9 Jun 1998 - 1999 Abdulsalami Abubakar (Nigeria) (b. 1942) 1999 Gnassingbé Eyadéma (Togo) (s.a.) (3rd time) 1999 - 21 Dec 2001 Alpha Oumar Konaré (Mali) (b. 1946) 21 Dec 2001 - 31 Jan 2003 Abdoulaye Wade (Senegal) (b. 1926) 31 Jan 2003 - 19 Jan 2005 John Agyekum Kufuor (Ghana) (b. 1938) 19 Jan 2005 - 19 Jan 2007 Mamadou Tandja (Niger) (b. 1938) 19 Jan 2007 - 19 Dec 2008 Blaise Compaoré (Burkina Faso) (s.a.) (2nd time) 19 Dec 2008 - 16 Feb 2010 Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (Nigeria) (b. 1951 - d. 2010) 16 Feb 2010 - 17 Feb 2012 Goodluck Jonathan (Nigeria) (b. 1957) 17 Feb 2012 - 28 Mar 2014 Alassane Ouattara (Côte d'Ivoire) (b. 1942) 28 Mar 2014 - 19 May 2015 John Dramani Mahama (Ghana) (b. 1958) 19 May 2015 - 4 Jun 2016 Macky Sall (Senegal) (b. 1961) 4 Jun 2016 - 4 Jun 2017 Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (f) (b. 1938) (Liberia) 4 Jun 2017 - 31 Jul 2018 Faure Gnassingbé (Togo) (b. 1966) 31 Jul 2018 - 29 Jun 2019 Muhammadu Buhari (Nigeria) (s.a.) (2nd time) 29 Jun 2019 - Mahamadou Issoufou (Niger) (b. 1952)

Speakers of the ECOWAS Community Parliament May 2002 - 14 Nov 2006 Ali Nouhoum Diallo (Mali) (b. c.1938) 14 Nov 2006 - 11 Aug2011 Mahamane Ousmane (Niger) (b. 1950) 11 Aug 2011 - 4 Feb 2016 Ike Ekweremadu (Nigeria) (b. 1962) 4 Feb 2016 - Moustapha Cissé Lô (Senegal) (b. 1954)

ECOWAS membership (15)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

28 May 1975 Benin, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea¹, Guinea-Bissau², Ivory Coast³, Liberia, Mali⁴, Mauritania⁵, Niger⁶, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo⁷,Upper Volta⁸

1977 Cape Verde⁹

¹Guinea suspended 10 Jan 2009 - 24 Mar 2011.²Guinea-Bissau suspended17 Apr - 29 Jul 2012.³from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire; suspended 7 Dec 2010 - 21? Apr 2011. ⁴Mali suspended 27 Mar - 24 Oct 2012 and from 18 Aug 2020. ⁵Mauritaniawithdrew 26 Dec 1999 (effective 31 Dec 2000).⁶Niger suspended 21 Oct 2009 - 24 Mar 2011.⁷Togo suspended 19-26 Feb 2005.⁸from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁹from 2013 Cabo Verde.

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)

[Economic Cooperation
Organization (ECO) flag]
Adopted af.1988

ECO website

Headquarters: Tehran
(Iran)(Tehran 1965-1979)

ECA Day: 28 Nov (1992)
ECO Day

21 Jul 1964 Regional Co-operation for Development (RCD) formed.1979 RCD dissolved.27 Jan 1985 Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) formed.1988 ECO secretariat inaugurated. Secretaries-general of Regional Cooperation for Development Mar 1965 - Mar 1968 Fuad Rouhani (Iran) (b. 1907 - d. 2004) Mar 1968 - 197. Masarrat Hussain Zuberi (Pakistan)(b. 1911 - d. 1987)1976 - 1979 Mukhtar Masood (Pakistan) (b. 1926 - d. 2017)1979 Post abolished Secretaries-general of Economic Cooperation Organization 1988 - 1992 Alireza Salari (Iran) (b. 1956)1992 - 1996 Shamshad Ahmad (Pakistan) (b. 1941)1996 - 2000 Önder Özar (Turkey) (b. 1937)Aug 2000 - Jul 2002 Abdolrahim Gavahi (Iran) (b. 1944)Jul 2002 - Aug 2003 Seyed Mojtaba Arastou (Iran) (b. 1955)Aug 2003 - Jan 2004 Bekhasar Naribayuly Narbaev (b. 1943) (Bekzhasar Naribayevich Narbayev) (Kazakhstan)Jan 2004 - Aug 2006 Asqat TutqyshbayulyOrazbay (b. 1960) (Askhat Tutkhishbayevich Orazbay) (Kazakhstan)Aug 2006 - Aug 2009 Khurshid Anwar (Pakistan)Sep 2009 - 13 Aug 2012 Mohammad Yahya Maroofi (b. 1939) (Afghanistan) 13 Aug 2012 - 13 Aug 2015 Shamil Aleskerov (Azerbaijan) (b. 1946) 13 Aug 2015 - Aug 2018 Halil İbrahim Akça (Turkey) (b. 1963) Aug 2018 - Hadi Soleimanpour (Iran) (b. 1956)
ECO membership (10)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`27 Jan 1985`	`Iran¹, Pakistan¹, Turkey¹`
`28 Nov 1992`	`Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan`

Date of Admission	Associate Member of ECO
`16 Feb 1992`	`Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus`
`¹members of the RCD 21 Jul 1964 - 1979.`

Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

[Eurasian Economic
Community flag 2002-2014)]

13 May 2002 - 2014 EAEC

Adopted 2014 EAC

EAEU website Headquarters: Moscow (Russia) (Alma Ata,
Kazakhstan and Moscow,
Russia 2001-2015)

30 May 2001 Eurasian Economic Community(EAEC)(signed 10 Oct 2000). 1 Jan 2010 Customs union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia inaugurated. 1 Jan 2012 Eurasian Economic Commission (EAC) established.29 May 2014 Eurasian Union Treaty signed. 1 Jan 2015 Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

Secretaries-general of the Eurasian Economic Community 29 Oct 2001 - 6 Oct 2007 Grigoriy Alekseyevich Rapota (b. 1944) (Russia) 6 Oct 2007 - 31 Dec 2014 Tayyr Aymukhameduly Mansurov (b. 1948) (Tair Aymukhametovich Mansurov) (Kazakhstan) Chairmen of the Collegium of the Eurasian Economic Commission 1 Feb 2012 - 1 Feb 2016 Viktor Borisovich Khristenko (b. 1957) (Russia) 1 Feb 2016 - Tigran Sureni Sargsyan (Armenia) (b. 1960)

Chairmen of the Interstate Council May 2002 - 21 Jun 2005 Nursultan Äbishuly Nazarbaev (b. 1940) (Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev) (Kazakhstan) (1st time) 22 Jun 2005 - 23 Jun 2006 Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka (b. 1954) (Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko) (Belarus) (1st time) 23 Jun 2006 - Oct 2007 Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (b. 1952) (Russia) (1st time) Oct 2007 - Oct 2008 Imomali Sharipovich Rakhmonov (b. 1952) (Tajikistan) Oct 2008 - 2010 Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka (s.a.) (Belarus) (2nd time) 2010 - 2011 Nursultan Äbishuly Nazarbaev (s.a.) (Kazakhstan) (2nd time)2011 - 7 May 2012 Dmitriy AnatolyevichMedvedev (b. 1965) (Russia) 2011 - 7 May 2012 Dmitriy AnatolyevichMedvedev (b. 1965) (Russia) 7 May 2012 - 31 Dec 2014 Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (s.a.) (Russia) (2nd time) Chairmen of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko (s.a.) (Belarus) (1st time) 1 Jan 2016 -31 Dec 2016 Nursultan Äbishuly Nazarbaev (s.a.) (Kazakhstan) 1 Jan 2017 - 31 Jan 2017 Almazbek Sharshenovich Atambayev (b. 1956) (Kyrgyzstan) 1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (s.a.) (Russia) 1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Nikol Vovayi Pashinyan (Armenia) (b. 1975) 1 Jan 2020 - Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko (s.a.) (Belarus) (2nd time)

EAEU membership (5)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`1 Jan 2015`	`Belarus, Kazakhstan,` `Russia`
`2 Jan 2015`	`Armenia`
`12 Aug 2015`	`Kyrgyzstan`

EAEC membership 2001-2014 (5)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`30 May 2001`	`Belarus, Kazakhstan,` `Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan`
`25 Jan 2006`	`Uzbekistan¹`
`¹Uzbekistan membership suspended at its own requestfrom 12 Dec 2008.`

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)

[European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) flag]

EBRD website Headquarters: London
(United Kingdom)

29 May 1990 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) founded. 15 Apr 1991 Inauguration of the EBRD.

Presidents 15 Apr 1991 - 16 Jul 1993 Jacques Attali (France) (b. 1943) 16 Jul 1993 - 27 Sep 1993 Ron Freeman (U.S.) (acting) (b. 1939) 27 Sep 1993 - 31 Jan 1998 Jacques de Larosière (France) (b. 1929) 31 Jan 1998 - 1 Sep 1998 Charles Frank (U.S.) (1st time) (b. 1937) (acting) 1 Sep 1998 - 18 Apr 2000 Horst Köhler (Germany) (b. 1943) 18 Apr 2000 - 3 Jul 2000 Charles Frank (U.S.) (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 3 Jul 2000 - 3 Jul 2008 Jean Lemierre (France) (b. 1950) 3 Jul 2008 - 3 Jul 2012 Thomas Mirow (Germany) (b. 1953) 3 Jul 2012 - Sir Suma Chakrabarti (U.K.) (b. 1959)

EBRD membership (71)

Date of
Admission Shareholders

29 May 1990 Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia¹, Denmark, Egypt, European Community², European Investment Bank, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Soviet Union³, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia⁴

18 Dec 1991 Albania

28 Feb 1992 Estonia

5 Mar 1992 Lithuania

18 Mar 1992 Latvia

9 Apr 1992 Russia

30 Apr 1992 Uzbekistan

5 May 1992 Moldova

1 Jun 1992 Turkmenistan

5 Jun 1992 Kyrgyzstan

10 Jun 1992 Belarus

27 Jul 1992 Kazakhstan

13 Aug 1992 Ukraine

4 Sep 1992 Georgia

25 Sep 1992 Azerbaijan

16 Oct 1992 Tajikistan

7 Dec 1992 Armenia

23 Dec 1992 Slovenia

1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia

15 Apr 1993 Croatia

21 Apr 1993 Macedonia⁴

17 Jun 1996 Bosnia and Hercegovina

9 Oct 2000 Mongolia

19 Jan 2001 Serbia and Montenegro^⁵

25 Oct 2006 Montenegro

29 Dec 2011 Jordan, Tunisia

17 Dec 2012 Kosovo

15 Jan 2016 China

13 Jul 2017 Lebanon

11 Jul 2018 India

7 Jun 2019 San Marino

16 Jul 2019 Libya

¹Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan 1993 membershipsucceeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia.²from 1 Nov 1993, European Union. ³Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991.⁴as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.⁵Yugoslavia broke up in 1992, from Jul 1994 the EBRD did not recognize the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as its successor and ruled that it had to apply anew for membership, the smaller Yugoslavia rejoined 31 Oct 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.

European Free Trade Association (EFTA)


1973 - 1986


1986 - 1991


Adopted 1995

EFTA website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

3 May 1960 European Free Trade Association (EFTA) established.

Secretaries-general 1 Sep 1960 - 31 Oct 1965 Frank Edward Figgures (U.K.) (b. 1910 - d. 1990) 1 Nov 1965 - 5 May 1972 Sir John Coulson (U.K.) (b. 1909 - d. 1997) 6 May 1972 - 30 Nov 1975 Bengt Rabaeus (Sweden) (b. 1917 - d. 2010) 1 Dec 1975 - 31 Dec 1975 Cornelio Sommaruga (Switzerland) (b. 1932) (interim) 1 Jan 1976 - 30 Sep 1981 Charles Müller (Switzerland) (b. 1922 - d. 2015) 1 Oct 1981 - 30 Nov 1981 Magnus Vahlquist (Sweden) (b. 1938) (interim) 1 Dec 1981 - 15 Apr 1988 Per Kleppe (Norway) (b. 1923) 16 Apr 1988 - 31 Aug 1994 Georg Reisch (Austria) (b. 1930) 1 Sep 1994 - 31 Aug 2000 Kjartan Jóhannsson (Iceland) (b. 1939) 1 Sep 2000 - 31 Aug 2006 William Rossier (Switzerland) (b. 1942) 1 Sep 2006 - 31 Aug 2012 Kåre Bryn (Norway) (b. 1944) 1 Sep 2012 - 31 Aug 2018 Kristinn F. Árnason (Iceland) (b. 1954) 1 Sep 2018 - Henri Gétaz (Switzerland) (b. 1964)

EFTA membership (4)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

3 May 1960 Austria¹, Denmark², Norway, Portugal³, Sweden¹, Switzerland,United Kingdom²

1 Mar 1970 Iceland

1 Jan 1986 Finland¹

1 Sep 1991 Liechtenstein

¹Austria, Finland and Sweden withdrew 1 Jan 1995.²Denmark and U.K. withdrew 1 Jan 1973; Denmark's membership included Greenland from 1 Jul 1961 and Faeroe Islands from 1 Jan 1968. ³Portugal withdrew 1 Jan 1986.

European Union (EU)


17 Apr 1958 - 31 Dec 1972 ECSC Flag


1 Jan 1986 - 23 Jul 2002 ECSC Flag


Adopted 29 Jun 1985

Map of European Union	European Union website ----------------------------------- European Parliament website --------------------------------- European Central Bank website	Hear EU Anthem "Ode to Joy" Adopted 29 Jun 1985 (no lyrics)	Lisbon Treaty (1 Dec 2009)
Treaty of Paris (18 Apr 1951)	Treaty of Rome (1 Jan 1958)	Treaty of Maastricht (1 Nov 1993)	Treaty of Nice (26 Feb 2001)
Capital: Brussels (Belgium) (de facto) note: the Council of the European Union meets in Brussels; European Parliament in Strasbourg, France; Court of Justice in Luxembourg; and European Central Bank in Frankfurt, Germany	Currency (from 1 Jan 2002): Euro (EUR)	National Day: 9 May (1950) Europe Day (Schuman Day) (adopted 25 Sep 1985)	Population: 453,007,803 (2020)
GDP: $20.85 trillion (2017)		Exports: $1.92 trillion (2016) note: external exports, excluding intra-EU trade	Imports: $1.89 trillion (2016) note: external imports, excluding intra-EU trade
Languages (most natively spoken languages): German 19%, French 13%, English 12%, Italian 11%, Spanish 9%, Polish 9%, Romanian 7%, Dutch 5% (2007)		Religions: Roman Catholic 48%, Protestant 12%, Orthodox 8%, other Christian 4%, Muslim 2%, other 1% (includes Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu), atheist 7%, non-believer/agnostic 16%, unspecified 2% (2012)
International Organizations/Treaties: European Union: ARF (dialogue member), ASEAN (dialogue member), CEN-SAD (partner), ECOWAS (partner), FATF, G-8, G-10, G-20, IDA, IGAD (partner), IOM (observer), IRENA, ISA, ISO (cooperating organization), LAES (observer), LAIA (observer), OAS (observer), Paris Club (observer), PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNCLOS, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, WIPO (observer); European Council: AfDB (partner), AG, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CERN (observer), EBRD, FAO, G-10, IEA, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), NSG (observer), OECD, UNRWA (observer), WCO, WTO, ZC (observer); European Central Bank: BIS; European Investment Bank: EBRD, WADB (nonregional); European Parliament: CAP (observer), IPU (associate), PAM (observer)

18 Apr 1951 European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) founded. 10 Sep 1952 Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community (with Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community) opens. 1 Jan 1958 European Economic Community (EEC) founded(with European Parliamentary Assembly 19 Mar 1958 - 30 Mar 1962, from 30 Mar 1962, European Parliament) . 1 Jul 1967 EEC joined with European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Community to form the European Communities (from the 1980's usually known as European Community [EC]). 1 Nov 1993 European Union (EU) 1 Jan 1999 European monetary union, conversion to the Euro begins (introduced into circulation 1 Jan 2002). 31 Jan 2020 United Kingdom withdraws from the EU.

Presidency of the European Council 1 Jul 1987 - 31 Dec 1987 Denmark 1 Jan 1988 - 30 Jun 1988 West Germany 1 Jul 1988 - 31 Dec 1988 Greece 1 Jan 1989 - 30 Jun 1989 Spain 1 Jul 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 France 1 Jan 1990 - 30 Jun 1990 Ireland 1 Jul 1990 - 31 Dec 1990 Italy 1 Jan 1991 - 30 Jun 1991 Luxembourg 1 Jul 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 The Netherlands 1 Jan 1992 - 30 Jun 1992 Portugal 1 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 United Kingdom 1 Jan 1993 - 30 Jun 1993 Denmark 1 Jul 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Belgium 1 Jan 1994 - 30 Jun 1994 Greece 1 Jul 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Germany 1 Jan 1995 - 30 Jun 1995 France 1 Jul 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 Spain 1 Jan 1996 - 30 Jun 1996 Italy 1 Jul 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Ireland 1 Jan 1997 - 30 Jun 1997 The Netherlands 1 Jul 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Luxembourg 1 Jan 1998 - 30 Jun 1998 United Kingdom 1 Jul 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Austria 1 Jan 1999 - 30 Jun 1999 Germany 1 Jul 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Finland 1 Jan 2000 - 30 Jun 2000 Portugal 1 Jul 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 France 1 Jan 2001 - 30 Jun 2001 Sweden 1 Jul 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Belgium 1 Jan 2002 - 30 Jun 2002 Spain 1 Jul 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Denmark 1 Jan 2003 - 30 Jun 2003 Greece 1 Jul 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Italy 1 Jan 2004 - 30 Jun 2004 Ireland 1 Jul 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 The Netherlands 1 Jan 2005 - 30 Jun 2005 Luxembourg 1 Jul 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 United Kingdom 1 Jan 2006 - 30 Jun 2006 Austria 1 Jul 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Finland 1 Jan 2007 - 1 Jul 2007 Germany 1 Jul 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Portugal 1 Jan 2008 - 30 Jun 2008 Slovenia 1 Jul 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 FrancePresidency of the Council of the European Union 1 Jan 2009 - 30 Jun 2009 Czech Republic 1 Jul 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Sweden 1 Jan 2010 - 30 Jun 2010 Spain 1 Jul 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Belgium 1 Jan 2011 - 30 Jun 2011 Hungary 1 Jul 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Poland 1 Jan 2012 - 30 Jun 2012 Denmark 1 Jul 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Cyprus 1 Jan 2013 - 30 Jun 2013 Ireland 1 Jul 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 Lithuania 1 Jan 2014 - 30 Jun 2014 Greece 1 Jul 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Italy 1 Jan 2015 - 30 Jun 2015 Latvia 1 Jul 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Luxembourg 1 Jan 2016 - 30 Jun 2016 The Netherlands 1 Jul 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Slovakia 1 Jan 2017 - 30 Jun 2017 Malta 1 Jul 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Estonia 1 Jan 2018 - 30 Jun 2018 Bulgaria 1 Jul 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Austria 1 Jan 2019 - 30 Jun 2019 Romania 1 Jul 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Finland 1 Jan 2020 - 30 Jun 2020 Croatia 1 Jul 2020 - Germany Presidents of the European Council 1 Dec 2009 - 30 Nov 2014 Herman Achille Van Rompuy (Belgium)(b. 1947) EPP 1 Dec 2014 - 30 Nov 2019 Donald Franciszek Tusk (Poland) (b. 1957) EPP 1 Dec 2019 - Charles Michel (Belgium) (b. 1975) ALDE

Presidents of the European Commission 31 Jan 1958 - 30 Jun 1967 Walter Hallstein (West Germany) (b. 1901 - d. 1982) CD 1 Jul 1967 - 1 Jul 1970 Jean Max Georges Rey (Belgium) (b. 1902 - d. 1983) Lib 2 Jul 1970 - 22 Mar 1972 Franco Maria Malfatti (Italy) (b. 1927 - d. 1991) CD 22 Mar 1972 - 5 Jan 1973 Sicco Leendert Mansholt (b. 1908 - d. 1995) Soc (Netherlands) 9 Jan 1973 - 5 Jan 1977 François-Xavier Ortoli (France) (b. 1925 - d. 2007) EPD 11 Jan 1977 - 5 Jan 1981 Roy Harris Jenkins (U.K.) (b. 1920 - d. 2003) PES 12 Jan 1981 - 5 Jan 1985 Gaston Thorn (Luxembourg) (b. 1928 - d. 2007) ELDR 5 Jan 1985 - 5 Jan 1995 Jacques Lucien Jean Delors (France)(b. 1925) PES 24 Jan 1995 - 14 Jul 1999 Jacques Santer (Luxembourg) (b. 1937) EPP 14 Jul 1999 - 15 Sep 1999 Manuel Marín González (Spain) (b. 1949 - d. 2017) PES (acting) 15 Sep 1999 - 22 Nov 2004 Romano Prodi (Italy) (b. 1939) ELDR;2004 ALDE 22 Nov 2004 - 1 Nov 2014 José Manuel Durão Barroso (b. 1956) EPP (Portugal) 1 Nov 2014 - 1 Dec 2019 Jean-Claude Juncker (Luxembourg) (b. 1954) EPP 1 Dec 2019 - Ursula von der Leyen (f)(Germany) (b. 1958) EPP

Presidents of the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community 10 Sep 1952 – 11 May 1954 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 - d. 1972) Soc 11 May 1954 - 19 Aug 1954 Alcide De Gasperi (Italy) (b. 1881 - d. 1954) CD 29 Nov 1954 – 27 Nov 1956 Giuseppe Pella (Italy) (b. 1902 - d. 1981) CD 27 Nov 1956 – 19 Mar 1958 Hans Furler (West Germany) (b. 1904 - d. 1975) CD Presidents of the EuropeanParliamentary Assembly19 Mar 1958 - 28 Mar 1960 Robert Schuman (France) (b. 1886 - d. 1963) CD 28 Mar 1960 - 27 Mar 1962 Hans Furler (West Germany) (s.a.) CD 27 Mar 1962 - 30 Mar 1962 Gaetano Martino (Italy) (b. 1900 - d. 1967) Lib Presidents of the European Parliament30 Mar 1962 - 21 Mar 1964 Gaetano Martino (Italy) (s.a.) Lib 21 Mar 1964 - 24 Sep 1965 Jean Pierre Duvieusart (Belgium) (b. 1900 - d. 1977) CD 24 Sep 1965 - 7 Mar 1966 Victor Leemans (Netherlands) (b. 1901 - d. 1971) CD 7 Mar 1966 - 11 Mar 1969 Alain Émile Louis Poher (France) (b. 1909 - d. 1996) CD 11 Mar 1969 - 9 Mar 1971 Mario Scelba (Italy) (b. 1901 - d. 1991) CD 9 Mar 1971 - 13 Mar 1973 Walter Behrendt (West Germany) (b. 1914 - d. 1997) CD 13 Mar 1973 - 11 Mar 1975 Cornelis "Cees" Berkhouwer (b. 1919 - d. 1992) Lib (Netherlands) 11 Mar 1975 - 8 Mar 1977 Georges Spénale (France) (b. 1913 - d. 1983) Soc 8 Mar 1977 - 17 Jul 1979 Emilio Colombo (Italy) (b. 1920 - d. 2013) CD 17 Jul 1979 - 19 Jan 1982 Simone Veil (f) (France) (b. 1927 - d. 2017) ELDR 19 Jan 1982 - 24 Jul 1984 Pieter "Piet" Dankert (Netherlands)(b. 1934 - d. 2003) Soc 24 Jul 1984 - 20 Jan 1987 Pierre Pflimlin (France) (b. 1907 - d. 2000) EPP 20 Jan 1987 - 25 Jul 1989 Henry Plumb, Baron Plumb (U.K.) (b. 1925) ED 25 Jul 1989 - 14 Jan 1992 Enrique Barón Crespo (Spain) (b. 1944) Soc 14 Jan 1992 - 19 Jul 1994 Egon Klepsch (Germany) (b. 1930 - d. 2010) EPP 19 Jul 1994 - 14 Jan 1997 Klaus Hänsch (Germany) (b. 1938) PES 14 Jan 1997 - 20 Jul 1999 José María Gil-Robles y Gil-Delgada(b. 1935) EPP (Spain) 20 Jul 1999 - 15 Jan 2002 Nicole Fontaine (f) (France) (b. 1942 - d. 2018) EPP-ED 15 Jan 2002 - 20 Jul 2004 Patrick "Pat" Cox (Ireland) (b. 1952) ELDR 20 Jul 2004 - 16 Jan 2007 Josep Borrell Fontelles (Spain) (b. 1947) PES16 Jan 2007 - 14 Jul 2009 Hans-Gert Pöttering (Germany) (b. 1945) EPP-ED14 Jul 2009 - 17 Jan 2012 Jerzy Karol Buzek (Poland) (b. 1940) EPP 17 Jan 2012 - 18 Jun 2014 Martin Schulz (Germany)(1st time) (b. 1955) S&D18 Jun 2014 - 1 Jul 2014 Giovanni "Gianni" Saverio Furio (b. 1958) S&D Pittella (Italy) (acting) 1 Jul 2014 - 17 Jan 2017 Martin Schulz (Germany)(2nd time) (s.a.) S&D17 Jan 2017 - 3 Jul 2019 Antonio Tajani (Italy) (b. 1953) EPP 3 Jul 2019 - David-Maria Sassoli (Italy) (b. 1956) S&D

Presidents of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 10 Aug 1952 - 1 Jun 1955 Jean Monnet (France) (b. 1888 - d. 1979) Non-party 1 Jun 1955 - 7 Jan 1958 René Mayer (France) (b. 1895 - d. 1972) Non-party 7 Jan 1958 - 11 Sep 1959 Paul Finet (Belgium) (b. 1897 - d. 1965) Non-party 11 Sep 1959 - 5 Nov 1963 Piero Malvestiti (Italy) (b. 1899 - d. 1964) Non-party 5 Nov 1963 - 1 Mar 1967 Dino Del Bo (Italy) (b. 1916 - d. 1991) Non-party 1 Mar 1967 - 30 Jun 1967 Albert Coppé (Belgium) (acting) (b. 1911 - d. 1999) Non-party

Presidents of the Commission of the European Atomic Community (Euratom) 7 Jan 1958 - 2 Feb 1959 Louis Armand (France) (b. 1905 - d. 1971) Non-party 2 Feb 1959 - 10 Jan 1962 Étienne d'Anjou Hirsch (France) (b. 1901 - d. 1994) Non-party 10 Jan 1962 - 30 Jun 1967 Pierre Chatenet (France) (b. 1917 - d. 1997) Non-party

High Representatives for Common Foreign and Security Policy - Secretaries-General of the Council of the European Union 1 May 1999 - 18 Oct 1999 Jürgen Trumpf (Germany) (acting) (b. 1931) Non-party 18 Oct 1999 - 1 Dec 2009 Francisco Javier Solana de (b. 1942) PES Madariaga (Spain) High Representatives of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy - Vice-Presidents of the European Commission 1 Dec 2009 - 1 Nov 2014 Catherine Ashton, Baroness Ashton (b. 1956) PES of Upholland, of St Albans, in the County of Hertfordshire (f)(U.K.) 1 Nov 2014 - 1 Dec 2019 Federica Mogherini (f) (Italy) (b. 1973) PES 1 Dec 2019 - Josep Borrell Fontelles (Spain) (b. 1947) PES

Presidents of the European Monetary Institute 1 Jan 1994 - 30 Jun 1997 Alexandre Lamfalussy (Belgium) (b. 1929 - d. 2015) 1 Jul 1997 - 31 May 1998 Willem "Wim" Frederik Duisenberg (b. 1935 - d. 2005) (Netherlands) Presidents of the European Central Bank 1 Jun 1998 - 31 Oct 2003 Willem "Wim" Frederik Duisenberg (s.a.) (Netherlands) 1 Nov 2003 - 31 Oct 2011 Jean-Claude Trichet (France) (b. 1942) 1 Nov 2011 - 31 Oct 2019 Mario Draghi (Italy) (b. 1947) 1 Nov 2019 - Christine Lagarde (f) (France) (b. 1956)

Adopted 1 Mar 1999

Presidents of the European Investment Bank (EIB) Feb 1958 - May 1959 Pietro Campilli (Italy) (b. 1891 - d. 1974) Jun 1959 - Sep 1970 Paride Formentini (Italy) (b. 1899 - d. 1976) Sep 1970 - Jul 1984 Yves Le Portz (France) (b. 1920 - d. 2013) Aug 1984 - Mar 1993 Ernst-Günther Bröder (Germany) (b. 1927 - d. 2013) Apr 1993 - 31 Dec 1999 Sir James Brian Unwin (U.K.) (b. 1935) 1 Jan 2000 - 31 Dec 2011 Philippe Maystadt (Belgium) (b. 1948 - d. 2017) 1 Jan 2012 - Werner Hoyer (Germany) (b. 1951)

Presidents of the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Community 10 Dec 1952 - 7 Oct 1958 Massimo Pilotti (Italy) (b. 1879 - d. 1962) 7 Oct 1958 - 8 Oct 1964 Andreas Matthias Donner (b. 1918 - d. 1992) (Netherlands) 8 Oct 1964 - 1 Jul 1967 Charles Léon Hammes (Luxembourg) (b. 1898 - d. 1967)Presidents of the Court of Justice of the European Communities 1 Jul 1967 - 7 Oct 1967 Charles Léon Hammes (Luxembourg) (s.a.) 7 Oct 1967 - 7 Oct 1976 Robert Lecourt (France) (b. 1908 - d. 2004) 7 Oct 1976 - 30 Oct 1980 Hans Kutscher (West Germany) (b. 1911 - d. 1993) 30 Oct 1980 - 10 Apr 1984 Joseph "Josse" Marie Honoré (b. 1912 - d. 2002) Charles Mertens de Wilmars (Belgium) 10 Apr 1984 - 7 Oct 1988 Alexander John Mackenzie-Stuart, (b. 1924 - d. 2000) Lord Mackenzie Stuart (U.K.) 7 Oct 1988 - 7 Oct 1994 Ole Due (Denmark) (b. 1931 - d. 2005) 7 Oct 1994 - 7 Oct 2003 Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias (b. 1946) (Spain) 7 Oct 2003 - 1 Dec 2009 Vasíleios Skourís (Greece) (b. 1948)Presidents of the Court of Justice of the European Union 1 Dec 2009 - 7 Oct 2015 Vasíleios Skourís (Greece) (s.a.) 8 Oct 2015 - Baron Koen Lenaerts (Belgium) (b. 1954)

EU membership (27)

Date of
Accession Member Nations

1 Jan 1958 Belgium, France¹, (West) Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands

1 Jan 1973 Denmark², Ireland, United Kingdom³

1 Jan 1981 Greece

1 Jan 1986 Portugal, Spain

1 Jan 1995 Austria, Finland, Sweden

1 May 2004 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia

1 Jan 2007 Bulgaria, Romania

1 Jul 2013 Croatia

¹prior to 1962 Algerian coastal territories were organized as départements of France and were part the EEC until the independence of Algeria on3 Jul 1962; Saint-Barthélemy, which was part of the outermost regionof the French département ofGuadeloupe, and was never recognized as a separate member, withdrewon 1 Jan 2012. ²Greenland, which joined as part of Denmark and was never recognized as a separate member, withdrew on 1 Feb 1985.³U.K. of withdrawal notified 29 Mar 2017, to be effective (originally 29 Mar 2019, later 12 Apr 2019, then 31 Oct 2019)31 Jan 2020.

Party abbreviations: ALDE= Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe/ Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour l'Europe (liberal and centrist, former ELDR, est.20 Jul 2004); EPP= Group of the European People's Party(christian-democratic, liberal conservative, 20 Jul 1999-22 Jun 2009 as Group of European People's Party-European Democrats [EPP-ED], est.17 Jul 1979);PES = Group of the Party of European Socialists (social-democratic and socialist, official party from 9 Nov 1992, in EU Parliament from 23 Jun 2009 as S&D);S&D= Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament (social-democratic and socialist, former PES in EU Parliament, est.23 Jun 2009); - Former groupings: CD= Christian Democratic Group (christian-democratic, 20 Jun1953-17 Jul 1979, renamed EPP); ED= European Democratic Group (conservative, 1979-1992, as subgroup of EPP 1999-22 Jun 2009, then refounded as European Conservatives and Reformists);ELDR= Group of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (liberal and centrist, 1976-20 Jul 2004,renamed ALDE); EPD = Group of European Progressive Democrats/Démocrates Européens de Progrès (Gaullist, former European Democratic Union, 16 Jan 1973 - 24 Jul 1984, renamed European Democratic Alliance); Lib= Liberals and Allies Group(liberal, 23 Jun 1953-1976, renamed ELDR); Soc= Socialist Group (socialist, 23 Jun 1953-21 Apr 1993, renamed PES)

Areas that are part of the EU (with exemptions): Aland Islands (outside VAT area);Ceuta (outside the customs union and VAT area);Heligoland (excluded from customs union and VAT area); Melilla(outside the customs union and VAT area); Mount Athos (part of customs union but outside the VAT area); and UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus (European Council determines to what extent provisions of EU law apply); U.K. territory 1973-31 Jan 2020: Gibraltar (was outside customs union and VAT area, was not part of Schengen Area).

Outermost Regions(OMR) part of the EU:Azores, Canary Islands, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Madeira, Martinique, Mayotte (from 1 Jan 2014), Réunion and (from 1 Dec 2009) Saint-Martin.

Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) not part of the EU (non-European territories of member states relation between the EU and the OCTs is based on EU law, citizens in principle are European citizens): Greenland (locals are EU citizens, can be granted the right to voteat EU elections); French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands,French Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean, Clipperton Island,Mayotte (to 1 Jan 2014),New Caledonia, Saint-Barthélemy(from 1 Jan 2012), Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna (EURATOM Treaty does apply,locals are EU citizens, and do vote at EU elections); Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (Dutch locals are EU citizens, and do vote at EU elections); U.K. territories 1973-31 Jan 2020:Anguilla, Bermuda (only joined OCTA on 2 Jul 2014), British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands,Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha,South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands (locals were EU citizens).Areas that are not part of the EU:Faroe Islands (Danish locals are not EU citizens);Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (locals are EU citizens,but do not vote at EU elections, EU law is applied only in southern Cyprus); U.K. territories 1973-31 Jan 2020: Channel Islands (Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney and Sark) and the Isle of Man (EURATOM Treaty did apply, locals were EU citizens), U.K. Sovereign Bases Areas in Cyprus (U.K. locals were not EU citizens).

Former special territories: Algeria (had a status similar to Outermost Regions 1952-1962); Macao (EURATOM was applicable 1986-1999); Saarland (was fully part of the Communities as French-administered European territory 1952-1957); West Berlin (subject to the full application of the treaties 1952-1990).

Territorial Disputes: As a political union, the EU has no border disputes with neighboring countries, but Estonia has no land boundary agreements with Russia; Slovenia disputes its land and maritime boundaries with Croatia; and Spain has territorial and maritime disputes with Morocco and with the U.K. over Gibraltar; the EU has set up a Schengen area - consisting of 22 EU member states that have signed the convention implementing the Schengen agreements or "acquis" (1985 and 1990) on the free movement of persons and the harmonization of border controls in Europe; these agreements became incorporated into EU law with the implementation of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam on 1 May 1999; in addition, non-EU states Iceland and Norway (as part of the Nordic Union) have been included in the Schengen area since 1996 (full members in 2001), Switzerland since 2008, and Liechtenstein since 2011 bringing the total current membership to 26; the U.K. (2000-2020) and Ireland (since 2002) take part in only some aspects of the Schengen area, especially with respect to police and criminal matters; 9 of the 13 new member states that joined the EU since 2004 joined Schengen on 21 Dec 2007; of the four remaining EU states, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia are obligated to eventually join, while Cyprus' entry is held up by the ongoing Cyprus dispute.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)


Adopted 16 Oct 1945

FAO Logo From 1 Jul 1964

FAO website Headquarters: Rome
(Italy)(Washington , DC
1946-1951) FAO Day: 16 Oct (1945)
World Food Day

16 Oct 1945 FAO established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Directors-general Oct 1945 - 14 Apr 1948 Sir John Boyd Orr (U.K.) (b. 1880 - d. 1971) 14 Apr 1948 - 31 Dec 1953 Norris Edward Dodd (U.S.) (b. 1879 - d. 1968) 1 Jan 1954 - Apr 1956 Philip Vincent Cardon (U.S.) (b. 1889 - d. 1965) Apr 1956 - Nov 1956 Sir Herbert Broadley (U.K.) (b. 1892 - d. 1983) (acting) Nov 1956 - 31 Dec 1967 Binay Ranjan Sen (India) (b. 1898 - d. 1993) 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1975 Addeke Hendrik Boerma (Netherlands)(b. 1912 - d. 1992) 1 Jan 1976 - 31 Dec 1993 Édouard Saouma(Lebanon) (b. 1926 - d. 2012) 1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 2011 Jacques Diouf (Senegal) (b. 1938 - d. 2019) 1 Jan 2012 - 31 Jul 2019 José Graziano da Silva (Brazil) (b. 1949) 1 Aug 2019 - Qu Dongyu (China) (b. 1963)

FAO membership (195)

Date of
Admission
Member Nations

16 Oct 1945 Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China¹, Czechoslovakia², Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,Iceland, India, Iraq, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Philippines, Poland³, South Africa⁴, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia⁵

17 Oct 1945 Colombia

19 Oct 1945 Cuba

27 Oct 1945 Lebanon, Syria⁶

30 Oct 1945 Paraguay

30 Nov 1945 Uruguay

17 May 1946 Chile

3 Sep 1946 Ireland

11 Sep 1946 Portugal, Switzerland

12 Sep 1946 Italy

30 Dec 1946
Hungary⁷

19 Aug 1947 El Salvador

27 Aug 1947 Austria, Finland, Thailand

7 Sep 1947 Pakistan

11 Sep 1947 Burma⁸

1 Jan 1948 Ethiopia

6 Apr 1948 Turkey

7 Apr 1948 Costa Rica

21 May 1948 Ceylon⁹

23 Nov 1948 Israel, Saudi Arabia

25 Nov 1949 South Korea

28 Nov 1949 Indonesia

1 Dec 1949 Afghanistan

13 Feb 1950 Sweden

11 Nov 1950 Cambodia, Vietnam¹⁰

27 Nov 1950 (West) Germany

23 Jan 1951 Jordan

5 Apr 1951 Spain

21 Nov 1951 Japan, Laos

27 Nov 1951 Argentina, Nepal

17 Jun 1952 Peru

24 Nov 1953 Libya

1 Dec 1953 Iran

9 Dec 1953 Yemen (Sana)¹¹

25 Nov 1955 Tunisia

13 Sep 1956 Morocco, The Sudan

9 Nov 1957 Ghana, Malaya¹²

5 Nov 1959 Guinea

22 Mar 1960 Cameroon

23 May 1960 Togo

14 Sep 1960 Cyprus

11 Oct 1960 Nigeria

17 Nov 1960 Somalia

9 Nov 1961 Central African Republic,Chad, Dahomey¹³,Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa)¹⁴, Gabon, Ivory Coast¹⁵, Kuwait, Madagascar¹⁶, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone,Upper Volta¹⁷

8 Feb 1962 Tanganyika¹⁸

13 Mar 1963 Jamaica

19 Nov 1963 Algeria, Burundi, Rwanda, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda

27 Jan 1964 Kenya

5 Oct 1964 Malta

22 Nov 1965 The Gambia, Malawi, Zambia

22 Aug 1966 Guyana

1 Nov 1966 Botswana

7 Nov 1968 Lesotho

6 Nov 1967 Barbados, Bulgaria

12 Mar 1968 Mauritius

10 Nov 1969 Yemen (Aden)¹¹

8 Nov 1971 Bahrain, Fiji, Maldvies, Oman, Qatar, Swaziland¹⁹

12 Nov 1973 Albania, Bangladesh, Mongolia, United Arab Emirates

26 Nov 1973 Guinea-Bissau

8 Nov 1975 The Bahamas, Cape Verde²⁰, Grenada, Papua New Guinea

26 Nov 1975 Suriname

14 Nov 1977 Angola, Comoros, Djibouti, Mozambique, Namibia²¹, North Korea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles

12 Nov 1979 Dominica, Western Samoa²²

26 Nov 1979 Saint Lucia

7 Nov 1981 Bhutan, Equatorical Guinea, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tonga, Zimbabwe

7 Nov 1983 Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Vanuatu

11 Nov 1985 Cook Islands, Solomon Islands

11 Nov 1991 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

26 Nov 1991 European Community²³

8 Nov 1993 Armenia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Eritrea, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia²⁴, Slovakia, Slovenia

20 Oct 1995 Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan

7 Nov 1997 Kazakhstan

12 Nov 1999 Marshall Islands, Niue, Palau, San Marino

15 Nov 1999 Kiribati

2 Nov 2001 Monaco, Nauru, Serbia and Montenegro⁵, Uzbekistan

29 Nov 2003 Federated States of Micronesia, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Ukraine

19 Nov 2005 Belarus

11 Apr 2006 Russia

17 Nov 2007 Andorra, Montenegro

15 Jun 2013 Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, South Sudan

¹the Republic of China (Taiwan) withdrew 21 Jul 1952; China (People's Republic) rejoinedon 1 Apr 1973.²Czechoslovakia withdrew 27 Dec 1950, rejoined 10 Nov 1969; dissolved 31 Dec 1992. ³withdrew 25 Apr 1951, rejoined 9 Nov 1957.⁴South Africa withdrew 18 Dec 1964, rejoined 9 Nov 1993.⁵FAO ruled on 20 Nov 1992 that Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) could not continue automatically the membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslaviaand that it had to apply anew for membership, which it did and was readmitted 2 Nov 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁶1958-1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. Syria left FAO on 11 Apr 1958; On 29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on4 Nov 1961. ⁷Hungary withdrew 26 Jan 1952, rejoined 6 Nov 1967.⁸from 1989 Myanmar. ⁹from 1972, Sri Lanka. ¹⁰Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam; succession recognized by FAO council on 2 Dec 1976.¹¹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) merged 22 May 1990 as Yemen. ¹²from 1963, Malaysia.¹³from 1975 Benin.¹⁴Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁵from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.¹⁶to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic. ¹⁷from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹⁸Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar 26 Apr 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.¹⁹from 2018 Eswatini.²⁰from 2013 Cabo Verde.²¹to 21 Mar 1990 as United Nations Council for Namibia(not recognized by South Africa). ²²from 1997 Samoa.²³member organization; from 1 Nov 1993 European Union.²⁴as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of FAO

5 Nov 1959 Chad¹, Cyprus², Gabon¹, Madagascar¹, Mali¹,Nigeria³,Rhodesia and Nyasaland⁴, Senegal¹, Somaliland Trust Territory⁵

9 Nov 1961 British Guiana⁷, Jamaica⁸, Mauritius⁹, Tanganyika⁶

19 Nov 1963 Kenya¹⁰, Malta¹¹, Zanzibar⁶

22 Nov 1965 Basutoland¹², Bechuanaland¹³

6 Nov 1967 Bahrain¹⁴, Qatar¹⁴

11 Nov 1991
Puerto Rico¹⁵

17 Nov 2007 Faroe Islands

25 Jun 2011 Tokelau

¹full members from 9 Nov 1961.²Cyprus full member from 14 Sep 1960.³Nigeria member from 11 Oct 1960. ⁴Rhodesia and Nyasaland dissolved 31 Dec 1963.⁵full member from 17 Nov 1960 as Somalia.⁶Tanganyika became a full member 8 Feb 1962; Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar 26 Apr 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.⁷from 22 Aug 1966 full member as Guyana.⁸Jamaica full member from 13 Mar 1963.⁹Mauritius full member from 12 Mar 1968. ¹⁰Kenya full member from 27 Jan 1964.¹¹Malta full member from 5 Oct 1964.¹²full memberas Lesotho from 7 Nov 1966. ¹³full memberas Botswana from 1 Nov 1966.¹⁴Qatar full member from 8 Nov 1971.¹⁵Puerto Rico withdrew 21 Dec 1996.

"Group of Seven" (G-7)

15 Nov 1975 "Group of 6" (G-6) industrialized nations formed. 27 Jun 1976 Renamed "Group of 7" (G-7). 20 Jul 2001 Renamed "Group of 8" (G-8). 24 Mar 2014 Meeting as "Group of 7" (G-7) with suspension of Russia.

Chairmen 15 Nov 1975 - 31 Dec 1975 Valery Giscard d'Estaing (France) (b. 1926) 1 Jan 1976 - 31 Dec 1976 Gerald R. Ford (U.S.) (b. 1913 - d. 2006) 1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1977 James Callaghan (U.K.) (b. 1912 - d. 2005) 1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec 1978 Helmut Schmidt (West Germany) (b. 1918 - d. 2015) 1 Jan 1979 - 31 Dec 1979 Masayoshi Ōhira (Japan) (b. 1910 - d. 1980) 1 Jan 1980 - 18 Oct 1980 Francesco Cossiga (Italy) (b. 1928 - d. 2010) 18 Oct 1980 - 31 Dec 1980 Arnaldo Forlani (Italy) (b. 1925) 1 Jan 1981 - 31 Dec 1981 Pierre Elliott Trudeau (Canada) (b. 1919 - d. 2000) 1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1982 François Mitterand (1st time) (b. 1916 - d. 1996) (France) 1 Jan 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Ronald Reagan (U.S.) (b. 1911 - d. 2004) 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 1984 Margaret Thatcher (f) (U.K.) (b. 1925 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Helmut Kohl (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 2017) (West Germany) 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Dec 1986 Yasuhiro Nakasone (Japan) (b. 1918 - d. 2019) 1 Jan 1987 - 18 Apr 1987 Bettino Craxi (Italy) (b. 1934 - d. 2000) 18 Apr 1987 - 31 Dec 1987 Amintore Fanfani (Italy) (b. 1908 - d. 1999) 1 Jan 1988 - 31 Dec 1988 Brian Mulroney (Canada) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 François Mitterand (2nd time) (s.a.) (France) 1 Jan 1990 - 31 Dec 1990 George H.W. Bush (U.S.) (b. 1924 - d. 2018) 1 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 John Major (U.K.) (b. 1943) 1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Helmut Kohl (2nd time) (Germany) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1993 - 9 Aug 1993 Kiichi Miyazawa (Japan) (b. 1919 - d. 2007) 9 Aug 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Morihiro Hosokawa (Japan) (b. 1938) 1 Jan 1994 - 11 May 1994 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (Italy) (b. 1920 - d. 2016) 11 May 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Silvio Berlusconi (1st time) (b. 1936) (Italy) 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 Jean Chretien (1st time) (Canada) (b. 1934) 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Jacques Chirac (1st time)(France) (b. 1932 - d. 2019) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 William "Bill" Clinton (U.S.) (b. 1946) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Tony Blair (U.K.) (1st time) (b. 1953) 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Gerhard Schröder (Germany) (b. 1944) 1 Jan 2000 - 5 Apr 2000 Keizō Obuchi (Japan) (b. 1937 - d. 2000) 5 Apr 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 Yoshirō Mori (Japan) (b. 1937) 1 Jan 2001 - 11 Jun 2001 Giuliano Amato (Italy) (b. 1938) 11 Jun 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Silvio Berlusconi (2nd time) (s.a.) (Italy) 1 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Jean Chretien (2nd time) (Canada) (s.a.) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Jacques Chirac (2nd time)(France) (s.a.) 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 George W. Bush (U.S.) (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Tony Blair (U.K.) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Vladimir Putin (1st time) (Russia) (b. 1952) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Angela Merkel (f) (Germany) (b. 1954) (1st time) 1 Jan 2008 -24 Sep 2008 Yasuo Fukuda (Japan) (b. 1936) 24 Sep 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Tarō Asō (Japan) (b. 1940) 1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Silvio Berlusconi (3rd time) (s.a.) (Italy) 1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Stephen Harper (Canada) (b. 1959) 1 Jan 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Nicolas Sarkozy (France) (b. 1955) 1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Barack H. Obama (U.S.) (b. 1961) 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 David Cameron (U.K.) (b. 1966) 1 Jan 2014 - 24 Mar 2014 Vladimir Putin (2nd time) (Russia) (s.a.)24 Mar 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Herman Van Rompuy (European Union) (b. 1947) +José Barroso (European Union) (b. 1956) (interim) 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Angela Merkel (f) (Germany) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Shinzō Abe (Japan) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Paolo Gentiloni Silveri (Italy) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2018 Justin Trudeau (Canada) (b. 1971) 1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019 Emmanuel Macron (France) (b. 1977) 1 Jan 2020 - Donald J. Trump (U.S.) (b. 1946)

G-8 Membership (7)

Data of
Admission Member Nations

15 Nov 1975 France, (West) Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States

27 Jun 1976 Canada

20 Jul 1981 European Commission¹

20 Jul 2001 Russia²

¹from 1 Nov 1993, European Union.²Russia suspended from 24 Mar 2014, announced its withdrawal 13 Jan 2017.

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

GCC website Headquarters: Riyadh
(Saudi Arabia)

25 May 1981 Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (Gulf Cooperation Council) founded. 1 Jan 2008 Gulf Cooperation Councilcommon market launched.

Secretaries-general 26 May 1981 - Apr 1993 AbdullahYaqoub Bishara (Kuwait) (b. 1936) Apr 1993 - 31 Mar 1996 Fahim bin Sultan al-Qasimi (b. 1948) (United Arab Emirates) 1 Apr 1996 - 31 Mar 2002 Jamil bin Ibrahim al-Hujailan (b. 1925) (Saudi Arabia) 1 Apr 2002 - 31 Mar 2011 Abdul Rahman bin Hamad al-Attiyah (b. 1950) (Qatar) 1 Apr 2011 - 31 Jan 2020 Abdul Latif bin Rashid al-Zayani (b. 1956) (Bahrain) 1 Feb 2020 - Nayef Falah Mubarak al-Hajraf (Kuwait)

GCC membership (6)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

25 May 1981 Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
United Arab Emirates

Ibero-American Cooperation Secretariat (SEGIB)


OEI Flag


SEGIB Flag

SEGIB website

Headquarters: Madrid
(Spain)

1 Dec 1985 Ibero-American States Organization for Education, Science and Culture (Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación la Ciencia y la Cultura)(OEI) created. 1 Oct 2005 Ibero-American Cooperation Secretariat established (Secretaría de Cooperación Iberoamericana)(SEGIB).

Secretaries-general 1 Oct 2005 - 1 Apr 2014 Enrique Valentín Iglesias García (b. 1930) (Uruguay) 1 Apr 2014 - Rebeca Grynspan (f) (Costa Rica) (b. 1955)

SEGIB membership (22)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

1 Oct 2005 Andorra, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal,
Spain, Uruguay, Venezuela

Indian Ocean Commission (COI)

[fomer Indian Ocean
Commission flag c.1984-2012]

c.1984 - Dec 2012

Adopted Dec 2012

COI website

Headquarters: Ebène
(Mauritius)
(Port Louis, Mauritius
1988-Jul 2012)

20 Dec 1982 Indian Ocean Commission (Commission de l'Océan Indien)(COI) created by Port Louis Agreement. 10 Jan 1984 Victoria Agreementsigned. Jun 1989 Secretariat inaugurated.

Administrator Jun 1988 - Jun 1989 Robert Scheiber (Mauritius) (b. 1923) Secretaries-general Jun 1989 - Jun 1993 Henri Rasolondraibe (Madagascar) (b. 19.. - d. 2000) Jul 1993 - Jul 1997 JérémieÉmile Bonnelame (Seychelles)(b. 1938) Jul 1997 - Jul 2001 Mohamed Caabi El-Yachroutu (b. 1948?) (Comoros) Jul 2001 - 1 Jul 2004 Wilfrid Bertile (Réunion/France) (b. 1945) 1 Jul 2004 - 15 Jul 2008 Monique Andreas Esoavelomandroso (f)(b. 1945) (Madagascar) 15 Jul 2008 - 12 Jul 2012 Callixte d'Offay(Seychelles) (b. 1950) 12 Jul 2012 - 16 Jul 2016 Jean Claude de l'Estrac(Mauritius) (b. 1948) 16 Jul 2016 - Hamada Madi "Boléro"(Comoros) (b. 1965)
Indian Ocean Commission membership (5)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

20 Dec 1982 Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles

10 Jan 1986 Comoros, France¹

¹on behalf of Réunion

Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)

IADB website Headquarters: Washington, D.C.
(United States)

8 Apr 1959 Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) established.

Presidents 5 Feb 1960 - 28 Feb 1971 Luis Felipe Herrera Lane(Chile) (b. 1922 - d. 1996) 1 Mar 1971 - 31 Mar 1988 Antonio Ortiz Mena (Mexico) (b. 1908 - d. 2007) 1 Apr 1988 - 30 Sep 2005 Enrique Valentín Iglesias García (b. 1930) (Uruguay) 1 Oct 2005 - Luis Alberto Moreno Mejía (b. 1953) (Colombia)

IADB membership (48)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

30 Dec 1959 Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States

12 Feb 1960 Uruguay

13 Feb 1960 Venezuela¹

10 Jul 1967 Trinidad and Tobago

19 Mar 1969 Barbados

30 Dec 1969 Jamaica

3 May 1972 Canada

9 Jul 1976 Austria, Belgium, Denmark, (West) Germany, Israel, Japan, The Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia²

9 Sep 1976 Spain

16 Nov 1976 Guyana

10 Jan 1977 France

26 May 1977 Italy

30 Jun 1977 Finland

19 Sep 1977 Sweden

15 Dec 1977 The Bahamas

25 Mar 1980 Portugal

12 Dec 1980 Suriname

7 Jul 1986 Norway

28 Sep 1992 Belize

16 Dec 1993 Croatia, Slovenia

16 Mar 2005 South Korea

12 Jan 2009 China

¹seat given to Guaidó government on 15 Mar 2019.²Yugoslavia ceased to be recognized as a member by resolution of IADB Board of Governors on 21 Apr 1993. note: Cuba signed but did not ratify the 1959 agreement establishing the IADB.

Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)

IGAD website Headquarters: Djibouti
(Djibouti)

15 Jan 1986 Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD) 21 Mar 1996 Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)

Executive Secretaries 1986 - 1990 Makonnen Kebret (Ethiopia) (b. 1935 - d. 1990)1991 - 1996 David StephenMuduuli (Uganda) 1996 - 8 Apr 2000 TekesteGhebray (Eritrea) (b. 1949) 8 Apr 2000 - 14 Jun 2008 Attalla Hamad Bashir (The Sudan) (b. 1946) 14 Jun 2008 - 29 Nov 2019 Mahboub M. Maalim (Kenya) (b. 1958) 29 Nov 2019 - Workneh Gebeyehu (Ethiopia) (b. 1968)

IGAD membership (8)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

15 Jan 1986 Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, The Sudan, Uganda

Sep 1993 Eritrea¹

10 Feb 2012 South Sudan

¹Eritrea membershipsuspended at its own request 21 Apr 2007 - 25 Jul 2011.

Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)


IPU Flag


IPU Flag Variant

IPU website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)
(Oslo, Norway 1914-1921;
Brussels, Belgium 1911-1914;
Bern, Switzerland 1892-1911)

IPU Days: 15 Sep
International Day
of Democracy
-----------------------------
(from 2018) 30 Jun (1899)
International Day of
Parliamentarism

31 Oct 1888 First Inter-Parliamentary Conference held in Paris. 30 Jun 1889 Inter-Parliamentary Conference for International Arbitration 1921 Inter-Parliamentary Union

Secretaries-general 1892 - 1909 Charles Albert Gobat (Switzerland) (b. 1843 - d. 1914) 1909 - 1933 Christian Louis Lange (Norway) (b. 1869 - d. 1938) 1933 - 1953 Léopold Boissier (Switzerland) (b. 1893 - d. 1968) 1953 - 1970 André de Blonay (Switzerland) (b. 1905 - d. 1981) 1970 - 1986 Pio-Carlo Terenzio (Italy) (b. 1921 - d. 2010) 1 Jan 1989 - 30 Jun 1998 Pierre Cornillon (France) (b. 1935) 1 Jul 1998 - 30 Jun 2014 Anders B. Johnsson (Sweden) (b. 1948) 1 Jul 2014 - Martin Chungong (Cameroon) (b. 1957)

Presidents 1899 - 6 Oct 1912 Auguste Marie François Beernaert (b. 1829 - d. 1912) (Belgium) Mar 1913 - Aug 1922 Philip James Stanhope, Baron (b. 1847 - d. 1923) Weardale of Stanhope (U.K.) Aug 1922 - Aug 1928 Theodor Adelswärd (Sweden) (b. 1860 - d. 1929) Aug 1928 - Sep 1934 Fernand Bouisson (France) (b. 1874 - d. 1959) Sep 1934 - Apr 1947 Henri Carton De Wiart (Belgium) (b. 1869 - d. 1951) Apr 1947 - Sep 1957 William Wedgwood, Viscount (b. 1877 - d. 1960) Stansgate (U.K.) Sep 1957 - Oct 1962 Giuseppe Codacci-Pisanelli (Italy) (b. 1913 - d. 1988) Oct 1962 - Feb 1967 Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli (Brazil) (b. 1910 - d. 1975) Feb 1967 - Sep 1968 Abderrahman Abdennebi (Tunisia) (b. 1914 - d. 1990) (interim) Sep 1968 - Oct 1973 André Chandernagor (France) (b. 1921) Oct 1973 - Oct 1976 Gurdial Singh Dhillon (India) (b. 1915 - d. 1992) (interim to Oct 1974) Oct 1976 - Sep 1979 Sir Thomas Williams (U.K.) (b. 1915 - d. 1986) Sep 1979 - Sep 1982 Rafael Caldera Rodríguez (b. 1916 - d. 2009) (Venezuela) Sep 1982 - Mar 1983 Johannes Virolainen (Finland) (b. 1914 - d. 2000) Mar 1983 - Oct 1983 Émile Cuvelier (Belgium) (interim) (b. 1928 - d. 2009) Oct 1983 - Apr 1985 Izz El-Din El-Sayed (The Sudan) (b. 1934) Sep 1985 Sir John Page (U.K.) (interim) (b. 1919 - d. 2008) Sep 1985 - Sep 1988 Hans Stercken (West Germany) (b. 1923 - d. 1999) Sep 1988 - Sep 1991 Daouda Sow (Senegal) (b. 1933 - d. 2009) Oct 1991 - Sep 1994 Sir Michael Marshall (U.K.) (b. 1930 - d. 2006) 14 Sep 1994 - 16 Sep 1997 Ahmad Fathi Sorour (Egypt) (b. 1932) 16 Sep 1997 - 15 Jul 1999 Miguel Ángel Martínez (Spain) (b. 1940) 16 Oct 1999 - 19 Oct 2002 Najma Akbarali Heptulla (f)(India) (b. 1940) 27 Sep 2002 - 19 Oct 2005 Sergio Páez Verdugo (Chile) (b. 1933) 19 Oct 2005 - 18 Oct 2008 Pier Ferdinando Casini (Italy) (b. 1955) 18 Oct 2008 - 19 Oct 2011 Theo-Ben Gurirab (Namibia) (b. 1939 - d. 2018) 19 Oct 2011 - 16 Oct 2014 Abdelwahed Radi (Morocco) (b. 1935)16 Oct 2014 - 18 Oct 2017 Saber Chowdhury (Bangladesh) (b. 1961) 18 Oct 2017 - Gabriela Cuevas Barrón (f)(Mexico) (b. 1979)

IPU membership (179)

Date of Affiliation	Member Parliaments
`30 Jun 1889`	`Belgium, Denmark, France, Hungary¹, Italy, Liberia², Spain, United Kingdom, United States³`
`1890`	`Austria, Germany⁴, Greece⁵, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden`
`1891`	`Portugal⁶, Romania⁷, Serbia⁸, Switzerland`
`1896`	`Bulgaria⁹`
`1897`	`Russia¹⁰`
`1900`	`Canada¹¹`
`1908`	`Japan¹²`
`1910`	`Turkey¹³`
`1913`	`Australia¹⁴`
`1920`	`Finland`
`1921`	`Czechoslovakia¹⁵, Poland¹⁶`
`1923`	`Ireland`
`1924`	`Egypt¹⁷`
`1925`	`Cuba¹⁸, Mexico¹⁹, Panama²⁰`
`1926`	`Venezuela²¹`
`1927`	`Peru²², Philippines²³`
`1930`	`Iran²⁴, Uruguay²⁵`
`1931`	`Colombia²⁶, Ecuador²⁷`
`1936`	`Luxembourg`
`1945`	`Syria²⁸`
`1947`	`Iraq²⁹, West Germany⁴`
`1948`	`Burma³⁰, Lebanon, Monaco, Pakistan³¹`
`1949`	`Ceylon³², India`
`1950`	`Israel, Thailand³³`
`1951`	`Iceland`
`1952`	`Indonesia³⁴`
`1954`	`Argentina³⁵, Brazil, Haiti³⁶`
`1955`	`Albania, Soviet Union¹⁰, The Sudan³⁷`
`1956`	`Laos³⁸`
`1957`	`Tunisia, South Vietnam³⁹`
`1958`	`Chile⁴⁰, Ghana⁴¹, Libya⁴², Paraguay⁴³`
`1959`	`New Zealand`
`1961`	`Guatemala⁴⁴, Nigeria⁴⁵`
`1962`	`Central Africa Republic⁴⁶, El Salvador⁴⁷, Ethiopia⁴⁸, Mongolia`
`1963`	`Cameroon, Dahomey⁴⁹, Congo (Kinshasa)⁵⁰, Senegal, Sierra Leone⁵¹, Somalia⁵²`
`1964`	`Jordan, Kuwait⁵³, Morocco⁵⁴, South Korea`
`1965`	`Nicaragua⁵⁵`
`1966`	`Mali⁵⁶, Mauritania⁵⁷, Niger⁵⁸`
`1967`	`Malaysia, Nepal, Singapore`
`1968`	`Ivory Coast⁵⁹, Malawi⁶⁰`
`1971`	`Costa Rica, Rwanda⁶¹`
`1972`	`Bangladesh⁶², East Germany⁶³, Upper Volta⁶⁴`
`1973`	`Gabon, North Korea`
`Sep 1975`	`Yemen (Sana)⁶⁵`
`1977`	`Algeria⁶⁶, Kenya, United Arab Emirates, Zambia`
`1978`	`Cyprus, Madagascar⁶⁷`
`1979`	`Bolivia⁶⁸, Comoros⁶⁹, Dominican Republic⁷⁰, Mozambique, Suriname⁷¹,` `Vietnam`
`Sep 1979`	`Yemen (Aden)⁶⁵`
`1981`	`Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti⁷², Guyana⁷³, Togo, Uganda⁷⁴, Zimbabwe`
`1982`	`Cape Verde⁷⁵`
`1983`	`Jamaica⁷⁶`
`2 Apr 1984`	`China`
`1984`	`Equatorial Guinea⁷⁷, Tanzania`
`1985`	`Burundi⁷⁸,Papua New Guinea⁷⁹`
`1986`	`Angola,` `Honduras⁸⁰`
`1988`	`Malta`
`1989`	`San Marino`
`1990`	`Namibia`
`1991`	`Estonia⁸¹, Latvia⁸², Lithuania⁸³`
`1992`	`Botswana, Croatia, Moldova, Uzbekistan⁸⁴`
`1993`	`Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Kazakhstan, Marshall Islands⁸⁵, Slovakia, Slovenia`
`Sep 1994`	`South Africa`
`1994`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina, Macedonia⁸⁶`
`1995`	`Andorra, Armenia, Belarus⁸⁷`
`1996`	`Guinea⁸⁸, Kyrgyzstan, Mauritius`
`1997`	`Cambodia, Fiji⁸⁹, Georgia⁹⁰, Tajikistan`
`Oct 1999`	`Ukraine`
`2000`	`Guinea-Bissau⁹¹`
`16 Oct 2000`	`Liechtenstein, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe`
`7 Apr 2003`	`Saudi Arabia`
`Oct 2003`	`Bahrain`
`Oct 2005`	`Maldives`
`12 May 2006`	`Qatar`
`16 Oct 2006`	`The Gambia,Montenegro, Palau`
`30 Apr 2007`	`Afghanistan`
`14 Apr 2008`	`Timor-Leste`
`18 Apr 2008`	`Lesotho`
`15 Oct 2008`	`Oman, Palestine`
`28 Mar 2010`	`Seychelles`
`16 Apr 2011`	`Federated States of Micronesia, Trinidad and Tobago`
`19 Oct 2011`	`Chad`
`5 Apr 2012`	`South Sudan`
`7 Oct 2013`	`Bhutan`
`17` `Mar 2014`	`Tonga`
`24 Oct 2016`	`Swaziland⁹²`
`30 Mar 2017`	`Tuvalu`
`15` `Oct` `2017`	`Turkmenistan`
`1 Jan 2018`	`Saint Lucia, Vanuatu`
`6 Apr 2019`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`¹Hungary withdrew 1950, rejoined 1954.²Liberia withdrew 1890, rejoined 1955; withdrew 1980, rejoined 1986; withdrew 1995, rejoined 1999; suspended Oct 2003 - 19 Apr 2004; suspended 19 Oct 2011.` `³U.S. withdrew 1 Oct 1999, effected Oct 2003.⁴Germany withdrew 1913, rejoined 1921; withdrew 1932, rejoined 1951.⁵Greece withdrew 1937; West Germany rejoined 1947, withdrew 1967, rejoined 1975; merged with East Germany 1990.⁶Portugal withdrew 1927, rejoined 1976.⁷Romania withdrew 1950, rejoined 1954.⁸from 1 Dec 1918` `Yugoslavia;` `from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; from 8 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.` `⁹Bulgaria withdrew 1950, rejoined 1954.¹⁰Russia withdrew 1914;Soviet Union declared adherence 29 Jun 1955; dissolved25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.` `¹¹Canada withdrew 1933, rejoined 1960.¹²Japan withdrew to 1939, rejoined 1952.¹³Turkey withdrew 1980, rejoined 1984.¹⁴Australiawithdrew 1930, rejoined 1956.¹⁵Czechoslovakiawithdrew 1950, rejoined 1955; dissolved 31 Dec 1992.` `¹⁶Poland withdrew 1950, rejoined 1955.¹⁷named United Arab Republic 1958-1971; Egypt suspended 7 Oct 2013 - 20 Mar 2016.¹⁸Cuba withdrew 1933, rejoined 1977.¹⁹Mexico withdrew 1928, rejoined 1973.²⁰Panama withdrew 1936, rejoined 1958; withdrew 1969, rejoined 1976.²¹Venezuela withdrew 1933, rejoined 1959.²¹Peru withdrew 1928, rejoined 1956; withdrew 1969, rejoined 1983.²³Philippineswithdrew 1938, rejoined 1947; withdrew 1973, rejoined 1979; withdrew 1986, rejoined 1987.²⁴Iran withdrew 1939, rejoined 1949; withdrew 1979, rejoined 1981.²⁵Uruguay withdrew 1935, rejoined 1985.²⁶Colombiawithdrew 1935, rejoined 1973; withdrew 1977, rejoined 1979.²⁷Ecuador withdrew 1933, rejoined 1979.²⁸Syria withdrew 1953, rejoined 1954; united with Egypt as United Arab Republic 1958-1961; rejoined 1962, withdrew 1963; rejoined 1971.²⁹Iraq withdrew 1963 rejoined 1980; suspended Oct 2003 - 14 Apr 2008.³⁰Burma withdrew 1963; Myanmar rejoined 5 Apr 2012.³¹Pakistan withdrew 1969, rejoined 1974; withdrew 1978, rejoined 1985; suspended 1 May 2000 - 17 Apr 2003.³²from 1972 Sri Lanka.³³Thailand withdrew 1972, rejoined 1973; suspended 16 Oct 2006 - 23 Dec 2007.³⁴member as Netherlands East Indies 1922-1939.³⁵Argentina withdrew 1965, rejoined 1973; withdrew 1976, rejoined 1984.³⁶Haiti withdrew 1960; rejoined 1975, withdrew 1986; rejoined 1 Apr 2012.³⁷Sudan withdrew 1963, rejoined 1966; withdrew 1969, rejoined 1973; withdrew 1985, rejoined 1987; withdrew 1989, rejoined 1992; suspended 1 May 2000 - Sep 2001.³⁸Laos withdrew 1975, rejoined 1990.³⁹South Vietnamwithdrew 1963, rejoined 1968; withdrew 1975; united with North Vietnam as Socialist Republic of Vietnam which joined 1979.⁴⁰Chile withdrew 1973, rejoined 1990.⁴¹Ghana withdrew 1966, rejoined 1970; withdrew 1972, rejoined 1980; withdrew 1982, rejoined 1993.⁴²Libya withdrew 1969, rejoined 1989.⁴³Paraguay suspended Oct 2003 - 12 May 2006.⁴⁴Guatemala withdrew 1963, rejoined 1979; withdrew 1982, rejoined 1986.⁴⁵Nigeria withdrew 1966, rejoined 1980; withdrew 1984, rejoined 1993; withdrew 1994, rejoined Oct 1999.⁴⁶Central Africa Republicwithdrew 1966, rejoined 1988; withdrew 1993, rejoined 1994; withdrew 1998, rejoined Sep 2002; suspended 7 Apr 2003 - 30 Mar 2017.⁴⁷El Salvador withdrew 1979, rejoined 1986.⁴⁸Ethiopia withdrew 1975, rejoined 1989.⁴⁹from 1975 Benin; withdrew 1964, rejoined 1981; withdrew 1990, rejoined 1992.⁵⁰Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966, 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa), 1971-97 Zaire; withdrew 1964, rejoined 1966; withdrew 1992, rejoined 1994; withdrew 1997, rejoined 19 Apr 2004.` `⁵¹Sierra Leonewithdrew 1967, rejoined 1969; withdrew 1982, rejoined 18 Oct 2008.` `⁵²Somalia withdrew 1969, rejoined 1980; withdrew 1991, rejoined 12 May 2006; suspended 31 Dec 2009 - 7 Oct 2013.⁵³Kuwait withdrew 1976, rejoined 1981; withdrew 1986, rejoined 1992.⁵⁴Morocco withdrew 1965, rejoined 1971; withdrew 1973, rejoined 1978.⁵⁵Nicaragua withdrew 1979, rejoined 1981.⁵⁶Maliwithdrew 1969, rejoined 1981; withdrew 1991, rejoined 1992.⁵⁷Mauritaniawithdrew 1978, rejoined 1994; suspended Oct 2005 - 14 Apr 2008 and from 1 Oct 2019.⁵⁸Niger withdrew 1974, rejoined 1990; withdrew 1991, rejoined 1993; withdrew 1996, rejoined 1997; suspended Oct 1999 - 2000 and 19 Oct 2009 - 17 Oct 2011.⁵⁹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire; suspended1 May 2000 - 2001.⁶⁰Malawi suspended Oct 2003 - 28 Mar 2010.⁶¹Rwanda withdrew 1973, rejoined 1982; withdrew 1994, rejoined 1995.⁶²Bangladeshwithdrew 1975, rejoined 1986; suspended 18 Apr 2008 - 6 Apr 2009.⁶³East Germanyunited 1990 with Federal Republic of Germany.⁶⁴from 1984 Burkina Faso; withdrew 1974, rejoined 1979; withdrew 1981, rejoined 1993.⁶⁵Yemen (Sana)suspended Apr 1976;Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen.⁶⁶Algeria withdrew 1991, rejoined 1993.⁶⁷Madagascar withdrew1991, rejoined Oct 2005, suspended 10 Apr 2009 - 13 Oct 2014.⁶⁸Bolivia withdrew 1980, rejoined 1983.⁶⁹Comoros withdrew 1988, rejoined 1994; withdrew 1997, rejoined 18 Oct 2008; suspended 19 Oct 2011 - 20 Mar 2016.` `⁷⁰Dominican Republicwithdrew 1992, rejoined Oct 2005.⁷¹Suriname withdrew 1980, rejoined 1988.⁷²Djibouti suspended 18 Oct 2006 - 28 Mar 2010.⁷³Guyana` `withdrew 1985, rejoined 20 Mar 2016.⁷⁴Uganda withdrew 1985, rejoined 1991.⁷⁵from 2013 Cabo Verde.⁷⁶Jamaica withdrew 1997.⁷⁷Equatorial Guineawithdrew 1992, rejoined 17 Oct 2011.⁷⁸Burundi withdrew 1987, rejoined 1994; withdrew 1996, rejoined 1999.⁷⁹Papua New Guinea suspended from 1 Oct 2019.⁸⁰Honduras withdrew 1992, rejoined 19 Oct 2011; suspended from 1 Oct 2019.⁸¹Estonia former member 1928-1939.⁸²Latvia former member 1923-1936.` `⁸³Lithuania former member` `1923-1928.` `⁸⁴Uzbekistan suspended 4 May 2007, rejoined 18 Oct 2017.⁸⁵Marshall Islands suspended Oct 2003, rejoined 1 Jan 2018.⁸⁶as` `Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.⁸⁷Belarus suspended Apr 1997 - Sep 1997.` `⁸⁸Guinea suspended from 10 Oct 2007 - 18 Apr 2008 and 10 Apr 2009 - 13 Oct 2014.⁸⁹Fiji suspended Oct 2000 - Sep 2002 and 30 Apr 2007 - 18 Oct 2015.⁹⁰Georgia suspended Oct 2003 - Apr 2005.⁹¹Guinea-Bissau suspended Oct 2003 - 28 Mar 2010.⁹²from 2018 Eswatini.`

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Adopted 1 Apr 1960

IAEA website Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)

29 Jul 1957 IAEA established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Directors-general 7 Oct 1957 - 6 Oct 1961 William Sterling Cole (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 1987) 6 Oct 1961 - 30 Nov 1981 Sigvard ArneEklund (Sweden) (b. 1911 - d. 2000) 1 Dec 1981 - 30 Nov 1997 Hans Blix (Sweden) (b. 1928) 1 Dec 1997 - 30 Nov 2009 Muhammad al-Baradei (Egypt) (b. 1942) 1 Dec 2009 - 18 Jul 2019 Yukiya Amano (Japan) (b. 1947 - d. 2019) 18 Jul 2019 - 22 Jul 2019 Mikhail Valentinovich Chudakov (Russia) (acting) 22 Jul 2019 -25 Jul 2019 Mary Alice Hayward (f) (U.S.) (b. 1963) (acting) 25 Jul 2019 - 3 Dec 2019 Cornel Feruta (Romania) (acting) (b. 1975) 3 Dec 2019 - Rafael Mariano Grossi (Argentina) (b. 1961)

IAEA membership (171)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

29 Jul 1957 Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Byelorussian S.S.R.¹, Canada, Czechoslovakia², Denmark, Dominican Republic, France, Guatemala, Honduras³, India, Israel, Japan, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, South Africa⁴, Soviet Union⁵, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States

30 Jul 1957 The Netherlands

31 Jul 1957 Poland, Ukrainian S.S.R.⁶

6 Aug 1957 Iceland

7 Aug 1957 Indonesia

8 Aug 1957 Hungary, South Korea

17 Aug 1957 Bulgaria

19 Aug 1957 Venezuela

20 Aug 1957 Holy See

22 Aug 1957 Ceylon⁷

23 Aug 1957 Albania

26 Aug 1957 Spain

4 Sep 1957 Egypt

10 Sep 1957 Taiwan⁸

13 Sep 1957 New Zealand

17 Sep 1957 Morocco, Nicaragua⁹, Yugoslavia¹⁰

19 Sep 1957 Monaco

24 Sep 1957 Vietnam¹¹

30 Sep 1957 Ethiopia, Greece, Italy, Paraguay, Peru

1 Oct 1957 Cuba, West Germany¹²

3 Oct 1957 Argentina

7 Oct 1957 Haiti

14 Oct 1957 Tunisia

15 Oct 1957 Thailand

18 Oct 1957 Burma¹³

22 Nov 1957 El Salvador

7 Jan 1958 Finland

29 Jan 1958 Luxembourg

3 Mar 1958 Ecuador

7 Apr 1958 Mexico

6 Feb 1958 Cambodia¹⁴

29 Apr 1958 Belgium

17 Jul 1958 The Sudan

2 Sep 1958 Philippines

16 Sep 1958 Iran

4 Mar 1959 Iraq

19 Sep 1960 Chile

28 Sep 1960 Ghana

30 Sep 1960 Colombia

1 Nov 1960 Senegal

29 Jun 1961 Lebanon

10 Aug 1961 Mali

10 Oct 1961 Congo (Léopoldville)¹⁵

5 Oct 1962 Liberia

13 Dec 1962 Saudi Arabia

22 Jan 1963 Uruguay

15 Mar 1963 Bolivia

6 Jun 1963 Syria

9 Sep 1963 Libya

19 Nov 1963 Ivory Coast¹⁶

24 Dec 1963 Algeria

21 Jan 1964 Gabon

25 Mar 1964 Nigeria

13 Jul 1964 Cameroon

1 Dec 1964 Kuwait

22 Mar 1965 Madagascar¹⁷

25 Mar 1965 Costa Rica

7 Jun 1965 Cyprus

12 Jul 1965 Kenya

29 Dec 1965 Jamaica

2 Mar 1966 Panama

18 Apr 1966 Jordan

5 Jan 1967 Singapore

4 Jun 1967 Sierra Leone

30 Aug 1967 Uganda

13 Dec 1968 Liechtenstein

8 Jan 1969 Zambia

15 Jan 1969 Malaysia

27 Mar 1969 Niger

6 Jan 1970 Ireland

27 Sep 1972 Bangladesh

18 Sep 1973 East Germany¹²

20 Sep 1973 Mongolia

16 Sep 1974 North Korea¹⁸

31 Dec 1974 Mauritius

6 Jan 1976 Tanzania

15 Jan 1976 United Arab Emirates

27 Feb 1976 Qatar

17 Feb 1983 Namibia¹⁹

1 Jan 1984 China⁸

1 Aug 1986 Zimbabwe

31 Jan 1992 Estonia

21 Sep 1992 Slovenia

12 Feb 1993 Croatia

27 Sep 1993 Armenia, Czech Republic, Slovakia

18 Nov 1993 Lithuania

26 Jan 1994 Marshall Islands, Uzbekistan

14 Feb 1994 Kazakhstan

25 Feb 1994 Macedonia²⁰

14 Oct 1994 Yemen

19 Sep 1995 Bosnia and Hercegovina

23 Feb 1996 Georgia

10 Apr 1997 Latvia

24 Sep 1997 Moldova

29 Sep 1997 Malta

14 Sep 1998 Burkina Faso

26 May 1999 Benin

9 Nov 1999 Angola

5 Jan 2001 Central African Republic

30 May 2001 Azerbaijan

10 Sep 2001 Tajikistan

31 Oct 2001 Serbia and Montenegro¹⁰

20 Mar 2002 Botswana

20 Dec 2002 Eritrea

22 Apr 2003 Seychelles

10 Sep 2003 Kyrgyzstan

23 Nov 2004 Mauritania

2 Nov 2005 Chad

31 Mar 2006 Belize

18 Sep 2006 Mozambique

2 Oct 2006 Malawi

30 Oct 2006 Montenegro

2 Mar 2007 Palau

8 Jul 2008 Nepal

5 Feb 2009 Oman

24 Jun 2009 Bahrain, Burundi

13 Jul 2009 Lesotho

15 Jul 2009 Congo (Brazzaville)

4 Nov 2011 Laos

17 Feb 2012 Dominica

4 Apr 2012 Papua New Guinea

4 Sep 2012 Rwanda

1 Nov 2012 Togo

2 Nov 2012 Fiji

9 Nov 2012 Trinidad and Tobago

15 Feb 2013 Swaziland²¹

25 Nov 2013 San Marino

7 Jan 2014 The Bahamas

18 Feb 2014 Brunei Darussalam

27 Jan 2015 Guyana

6 Mar 2015 Djibouti

9 Sep 2015 Vanuatu

14 Oct 2015 Antigua and Barbuda

20 Nov 2015 Barbados

16 Feb 2016 Turkmenistan

4 Dec 2017 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

30 Apr 2018 Grenada

5 Feb 2019 Saint Lucia

¹from 1991 Belarus.²Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.³Honduras withdrew 19 Jun 1967; rejoined 24 Feb 2003.⁴South Africa expelled from board of governors 19 Jun 1977, credentials rejected 5 Dec 1979; readmitted 22 Sep 1994; denied participation in general conferences 5 Dec 1979 - 22 Sep 1994.⁵Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.⁶from 1991 Ukraine.⁷from 1972 Sri Lanka.⁸the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 9 Dec 1971, when the IAEA voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China, which joined the IAEA 1 Jan 1984.⁹Nicaragua withdrew 14 Dec 1970; rejoined 25 Mar 1977.¹⁰from 24 Sep 1992 the IAEA did not recognize the new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as its successor and ruled that it had to apply anew for membership, which it did and was readmitted 31 Oct 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.¹¹Republic of Vietnamto 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹²East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.¹³from 1989 Myanmar.¹⁴Cambodia withdrew 26 Mar 2003, re-joined 23 Nov 2009.¹⁵Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁶from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.¹⁷to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹⁸North Korea withdrew 13 June 1994.¹⁹as United Nations Council for Namibiato 21 Mar 1990 (not recognized by South Africa).²⁰as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.²¹from 2018 Eswatini.

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)


20 Oct 1947 - 19 Mar 1993


From 1955, Adopted 19 Mar 1993

ICAO website

Headquarters: Montreal
(Canada)

ICAO Day: 7 Dec (1944)
International Civil Aviation Day

7 Dec 1944 Chicago Convention signed to create the ICAO. 15 Aug 1945 Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO) established. 4 Apr 1947 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 13 May 1947 ICAO a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Presidents of the Council 15 Aug 1945 - 18 Apr 1957 Edward Warner (U.S.) (b. 1894 - d. 1958) 18 Apr 1957 - 31 Jul 1976 Walter Binaghi (Argentina) (b. 1919 - d. 2006) 1 Aug 1976 - 31 Jul 2006 Assad Kotaite (Lebanon) (b. 1924 - d. 2014) 1 Aug 2006 - 31 Dec 2013 Roberto Kobeh González (Mexico) (b. 1943) 1 Jan 2014 - Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu (Nigeria) (b. 1960)

Secretaries-general 15 Aug 1945 - 31 Dec 1951 Albert Roper (France) (b. 1891 - d. 1969) 28 Mar 1952 - 31 Jul 1959 Carl Ljungberg (Sweden) (b. 1897 - d. 1982) 1 Aug 1959 - 31 Jul 1964 Ronald Macdonnell (Canada) (b. 1909 - d. 1973) 1 Aug 1964 - 31 Jul 1970 Bernardus Tieleman Twigt (b. 1912 - d. 1993) (Netherlands) 1 Aug 1970 - 31 Jul 1976 Assad Kotaite (Lebanon) (s.a.) 1 Aug 1976 - 31 Jul 1988 Yves Lambert (France) (b. 1936) 1 Aug 1988 - 31 Jul 1991 Shivinder Singh Sidhu (India) (b. 1929 - d. 2018) 1 Aug 1991 - 31 Jul 1997 Philippe Rochat (Switzerland) (b. 1942) 1 Aug 1997 - 31 Jul 2003 Renato Cláudio Costa Pereira (b. 1936) (Brazil) 1 Aug 2003 - 31 Jul 2009 Taïeb Chérif (Algeria) (b. 1941) 1 Aug 2009 - 31 Jul 2015 Raymond Benjamin (France) (b. 1945) 1 Aug 2015 - Fang Liu (f) (China) (b. 1962)

ICAO membership (193)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

4 Apr 1947 Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China¹, Czechoslovakia², Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, India, Ireland, Liberia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal³, South Africa⁴, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States

6 Apr 1947 New Zealand

10 Apr 1947 Chile

12 Apr 1947 Egypt, Greece

17 Apr 1947 Jordan⁵

20 Apr 1947 Iceland

24 Apr 1947 France

25 Apr 1947 The Netherlands

1 May 1947 Venezuela

4 May 1947 Afghanistan, Bolivia, Thailand

28 May 1947 Guatemala

4 Jun 1947 Belgium, Norway

2 Jul 1947 Iraq

11 Jul 1947 El Salvador

30 Nov 1947 Colombia, Italy

6 Dec 1947 Pakistan

24 Apr 1948 Haiti

28 May 1948 Luxembourg

1 Jul 1948 Ceylon⁶

7 Aug 1948 Burma⁷

26 Sep 1948 Austria

29 Apr 1949 Finland

10 Jun 1949 Cuba

23 Jun 1949 Israel

19 Oct 1949 Lebanon

20 Jan 1950 Syria⁸

19 May 1950 Iran

27 May 1950 Indonesia

8 Oct 1952 Japan

11 Dec 1952 South Korea

28 Feb 1953 Libya

6 Jun 1953 Honduras

13 Feb 1954 Uruguay

19 Sep 1954 Ecuador

18 Nov 1954 South Vietnam⁹

13 Jul 1955 Laos

15 Feb 1956 Cambodia

8 Jun 1956 West Germany¹⁰

29 Jul 1956 The Sudan

13 Dec 1956 Morocco

8 Jun 1957 Ghana

18 Dec 1957 Tunisia

7 May 1958 Malaya¹¹

31 May 1958 Costa Rica

26 Apr 1959 Guinea

14 Feb 1960 Cameroon

17 Feb 1960 Panama

8 Apr 1960 Yugoslavia¹²

17 Jun 1960 Kuwait

29 Jul 1960 Nepal

30 Nov 1960 Ivory Coast¹³

8 Dec 1960 Mali

11 Nov 1960 Senegal

14 Nov 1960 Nigeria

16 Feb 1961 Cyprus

28 Jun 1961 Dahomey¹⁴, Niger

28 Jul 1961 Central African Republic

26 Aug 1961 Congo (Léopoldville)¹⁵

22 Dec 1961 Sierra Leone

12 Feb 1962 Mauritania

17 Feb 1962 Gabon

21 Mar 1962 Saudi Arabia

20 Apr 1962 Upper Volta¹⁶

14 May 1962 Madagascar¹⁷

26 May 1962 Congo (Brazzaville)

2 Aug 1962 Chad

13 Apr 1963 Trinidad and Tobago

25 Apr 1963 Jamaica

6 Jun 1963 Algeria

4 Mar 1964 Rwanda

1 Apr 1964 Somalia

17 May 1964 Yemen (Sana)¹⁸

26 May 1964 Tanzania

31 May 1964 Kenya

11 Oct 1964 Malawi

29 Nov 1964 Zambia

4 Feb 1965 Malta

30 May 1965 Romania

17 Jun 1965 Togo

19 Jun 1966 Singapore

5 Mar 1967 Guyana

20 Apr 1967 Barbados

10 May 1967 Uganda

8 Jul 1967 Bulgaria

18 Feb 1968 Burundi

30 Oct 1969 Hungary

28 Jan 1970 Yemen (Aden)¹⁸

1 Mar 1970 Mauritius

14 Nov 1970 Soviet Union¹⁹

19 Sep 1971 Bahrain

5 Oct 1971 Qatar

23 Mar 1972 Equatorial Guinea

25 May 1972 United Arab Emirates

21 Jan 1973 Bangladesh

23 Feb 1973 Oman

16 Mar 1973 Swaziland²⁰

4 Apr 1973 Fiji

11 Apr 1974 Maldives

18 Jun 1975 Lesotho

26 Jun 1975 The Bahamas

24 Sep 1975 Nauru

14 Jan 1976 Papua New Guinea

4 Apr 1976 Suriname

18 Sep 1976 Cape Verde²¹

4 Feb 1977 Mozambique

30 Mar 1977 São Tomé and Príncipe

10 Apr 1977 Angola

25 May 1977 Seychelles

12 Jun 1977 The Gambia

15 Sep 1977 North Korea

14 Jan 1978 Guinea-Bissau

30 Jul 1978 Djibouti

27 Jan 1979 Botswana

20 Dec 1979 Saint Lucia

3 Feb 1980 Monaco

12 Apr 1980 Vietnam

13 Mar 1981 Zimbabwe

14 May 1981 Kiribati

30 Sep 1981 Grenada

10 Dec 1981 Antigua and Barbuda

16 Sep 1983 Vanuatu

15 Dec 1983 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

2 Dec 1984 Tonga

3 Jan 1985 Brunei Darussalam

14 Feb 1985 Comoros

11 May 1985 Solomon Islands

19 Sep 1986 Cook Islands

17 Apr 1988 Marshall Islands

12 Jun 1988 San Marino

27 Oct 1988 Federated States of Micronesia

16 Jun 1989 Bhutan

7 Oct 1989 Mongolia

2 Apr 1990 East Germany¹⁰

6 Jan 1991 Belize

27 Apr 1991 Albania

30 May 1991 Namibia

7 Feb 1992 Lithuania

23 Feb 1992 Estonia

9 May 1992 Croatia

12 Jun 1992 Slovenia

1 Jul 1992 Moldova

18 Jul 1992 Armenia

12 Aug 1992 Latvia

9 Sep 1992 Ukraine

20 Sep 1992 Kazakhstan

8 Nov 1992 Azerbaijan

12 Nov 1992 Uzbekistan

9 Jan 1993 Macedonia²²

12 Feb 1993 Bosnia Hercegovina

27 Mar 1993 Kyrgyzstan

3 Apr 1993 Czech Republic

14 Apr 1993 Slovakia, Turkmenistan

4 Jul 1993 Belarus

3 Oct 1993 Tajikistan

17 Oct 1993 Eritrea

20 Feb 1994 Georgia

3 Nov 1995 Palau

21 Dec 1996 Samoa

13 Jan 2001 Serbia and Montenegro¹²

25 Feb 2001 Andorra

20 Jun 2002 Saint Kitts and Nevis

3 Sep 2005 Timor-Leste

14 Mar 2007 Montenegro

10 Nov 2011 South Sudan

18 Nov 2017 Tuvalu

14 Mar 2019 Dominica

¹China withdrew 31 May 1951, rejoined 2 Dec 1953; the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 19 Nov 1971, when ICAO voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China; on 15 Feb 1974 People's Republic of China confirmed its membership. ²Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.³Portugal suspended 1 Mar 1973 - 20 Dec 1974. ⁴South Africa was not invited 7 Jul 1971 -14 Oct 1974; suspended 14 Oct 1974 - 10 Jun 1994. ⁵to 1946 Transjordan. ⁶from 1972 Sri Lanka.⁷from 1989 Myanmar. ⁸1958-1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria, Syria left ICAO on 16 Apr 1958; On 29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on3 Nov 1961.⁹South Vietnam merged with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam which did not become an ICAO member until 12 Apr 1980. ¹⁰East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. ¹¹from 1963 Malaysia.¹²Yugoslavia expelled 25 Sep 1992, readmitted 13 Jan 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. ¹³from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire. ¹⁴from 1975 Benin. ¹⁵1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. ¹⁶from 1984 Burkina Faso. ¹⁷to 1975 Malagasy Republic. ¹⁸Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 1990. ¹⁹Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.²⁰from 2018 Eswatini.²¹from 2013 Cabo Verde. ²²as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

[[United Nations flag
used by International Court of Justice (ICJ)]
Adopted 7 Dec 1946

World Court website Headquarters: The Hague
(The Netherlands)

15 Feb 1922 Inaugural session of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ). 24 Oct 1945 ICJ ("World Court") established by the United Nations Charter. 31 Jan 1946 Last session of the PCIJ. 18 Apr 1946 Inaugural session of the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

Presidents of the Court Feb 1922 - 1924 Bernard Cornelis JohannesLoder (b. 1849 - d. 1935) (Netherlands) 1925 - 1927 Max Huber (Switzerland) (b. 1874 - d. 1960) 1928 - 1930 Dionisio Anzilotti (Italy) (b. 1876 - d. 1960) 1931 - 1934 Mineichirō Adachi (Japan) (b. 1869 - d. 1934) 1934 - 1936 Sir Cecil James Barrington(U.K.) (b. 1870 - d. 1963) 1936 - 1949 José Gustavo Guerrero (b. 1876 - d. 1958) (El Salvador) 1949 - 7 May 1952 Jules Basdevant (France) (b. 1877 - d. 1968) 7 May 1952 - 9 Feb 1955 Sir Arnold Duncan McNair (U.K.) (b. 1885 - d. 1975) 9 Feb 1955 - 5 Feb 1958 Green HaywoodHackworth (U.S.) (b. 1883 - d. 1973) 5 Feb 1958 - 5 Apr 1961 Helge Klaestad (Norway) (b. 1885 - d. 1965) 5 Apr 1961 - 9 Mar 1964 Bohdan Winiarski (Poland) (b. 1884 - d. 1969) 9 Mar 1964 - 9 Apr 1967 Sir Percy Claude Spender (b. 1897 - d. 1985) (Australia) 9 Apr 1967 - 19 Feb 1970 José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (b. 1894 - d. 1989) (Peru) 19 Feb 1970 - 8 Feb 1973 Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan (b. 1893 - d. 1985) (Pakistan) 8 Feb 1973 - 12 Feb 1976 Manfred Lachs (Poland) (b. 1914 - d. 1993) 12 Feb 1976 - 23 Feb 1979 Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga (b. 1918 - d. 1994) (Uruguay) 23 Feb 1979 - 15 Aug 1981 Sir Humphrey Waldock (U.K.) (b. 1904 - d. 1981) 15 Aug 1981 - 14 Feb 1985 Taslim Olawale Elias (Nigeria) (b. 1914 - d. 1991) (acting to 25 Feb 1982) 14 Feb 1985 - 24 Feb 1988 Nagendra Singh (India) (b. 1914 - d. 1988) 24 Feb 1988 - 7 Feb 1991 José María Ruda (Argentina) (b. 1924 - d. 1994) 7 Feb 1991 - 7 Feb 1994 Sir Robert Y. Jennings (U.K.) (b. 1913 - d. 2004) 7 Feb 1994 - 6 Feb 1997 Mohammed Bedjaoui (Algeria) (b. 1929) 6 Feb 1997 - 7 Feb 2000 Stephen Myron Schwebel (U.S.) (b. 1929) 7 Feb 2000 - 6 Feb 2003 Gilbert Guillaume (France) (b. 1930) 6 Feb 2003 - 6 Feb 2006 Shi Jiuyong (China) (b. 1926) 6 Feb 2006 - 6 Feb 2009 Dame Rosalyn Higgins (f) (U.K.) (b. 1937) 6 Feb 2009 - 6 Feb 2012 Hisashi Owada (Japan) (b. 1932) 6 Feb 2012 - 6 Feb 2015 Peter Tomka (Slovakia) (b. 1956) 6 Feb 2015 - 6 Feb 2018 Ronny Abraham (France) (b. 1951) 6 Feb 2018 - Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf (Somalia) (b. 1948)

ICJ membership (192)

Date of Accession	State Parties
`24 Oct 1945`	`all United Nations members are ipso facto state parties of the ICJ`

Date of Accession	State Parties joining before UN admission
`28 Jul 1948`	`Switzerland`
`29 Mar 1950`	`Liechtenstein`
`18 Feb 1954`	`San Marino`
`2 Apr 1954`	`Japan`
`29 Jan 1988`	`Nauru`

PCIJ membership 1921-1946 (50)

Date of Accession	State Parties
`21 Feb 1921`	`Sweden`
`25 Apr 1921`	`Persia¹`
`12 Jun 1921`	`Denmark`
`20 Jun 1921`	`Italy`
`13 Jul 1921`	`Afghanistan`
`23 Jul 1921`	`Austria`
`25 Jul 1921`	`Switzerland`
`4 Aug 1921`	`Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, South Africa, United Kingdom`
`6 Aug 1921`	`The Netherlands`
`7 Aug 1921`	`France`
`8 Aug 1921`	`Romania`
`12 Aug 1921`	`Bulgaria, Yugoslavia`
`20 Aug 1921`	`Norway`
`26 Aug 1921`	`Poland`
`29 Aug 1921`	`Belgium`
`30 Aug 1921`	`Spain`
`2 Sep 1921`	`Czechoslovakia`
`7 Sep 1921`	`Haiti`
`27 Sep 1921`	`Uruguay`
`3 Oct 1921`	`Greece`
`8 Oct 1921`	`Portugal`
`1 Nov 1921`	`Brazil`
`16 Nov 1921`	`Japan`
`2 Dec 1921`	`Venezuela`
`12 Jan 1922`	`Cuba`
`27 Feb 1922`	`Siam²`
`6 Apr 1922`	`Finland`
`13 May 1922`	`China`
`16 May 1922`	`Lithuania`
`2 May 1923`	`Estonia`
`12 Feb 1924`	`Latvia`
`20 Nov 1925`	`Hungary`
`16 Jul 1926`	`Ethiopia`
`21 Aug 1926`	`Ireland`
`11 Mar 1927`	`Germany`
`20 Jul 1928`	`Chile`
`14 Jun 1929`	`Panama`
`29 Aug 1930`	`El Salvador`
`15 Sep 1930`	`Luxembourg`
`29 Mar 1932`	`Peru`
`4 Feb 1933`	`Dominican Republic`
`11 May 1933`	`Paraguay`
`7 Jul 1936`	`Bolivia`
`29 Nov 1939`	`Nicaragua`
`¹from 1935 Iran.²from 1939 Thailand.`

International Criminal Court

ICC website

Headquarters: The Hague
(Netherlands)

ICCt Day: 17 Jul (1998)
International Justice Day

17 Jul 1998 Rome Statute signed. 1 Jul 2002 International Criminal Court (ICC) established.

Presidents 11 Mar 2003 - 11 Mar 2009 Philippe Kirsch (Canada) (b. 1947)11 Mar 2009 - 11 Mar 2015 Sang-Hyun Song (South Korea) (b. 1941) 11 Mar 2015 -11 Mar 2018 Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi (f) (b. 1954) (Argentina) 11 Mar 2018 - Chile Eboe-Osuji (Nigeria) (b. 1962)

Presidents of the Bureau of the Assembly of State Parties 3 Sep 2002 - 28 Nov 2005 Zeid Ra'ad Zeid Al-Hussein (Jordan)(b. 1964) 28 Nov 2005 - 14 Nov 2008 Bruno Stagno Ugarte (Costa Rica) (b. 1970)14 Nov 2008 - 12 Dec 2011 Christian Wenaweser (Liechtenstein)(b. 1963)12 Dec 2011 - 8 Dec 2014 Tiina Intelmann (f)(Estonia) (b. 1963) 8 Dec 2014 - 14 Dec 2017 Sidiki Kaba (Senegal) (b. 1950) 14 Dec 2017 - O-Gon Kwon (South Korea) (b. 1953)

ICCt state parties (123)

Date of
Accession
Member Nations

1 Jul 2002 Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belize,Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, BurkinaFaso, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Congo (Kinshasa), Costa Rica,Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, TheGambia¹, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia², Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mongolia, Namibia, Nauru, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa³, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia⁴

5 Aug 2002 Colombia

20 Aug 2002 Tanzania

6 Sep 2002 East Timor⁵

9 Sep 2002 Malawi

16 Sep 2002 Samoa

24 Oct 2002 Spain

5 Nov 2002 Djibouti

13 Nov 2002 South Korea, Zambia

29 Nov 2002 Malta

3 Dec 2002 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

10 Dec 2002 Barbados

31 Jan 2003 Albania

10 Feb 2003 Afghanistan

12 May 2003 Lithuania

14 Jul 2003 Guinea

5 Sep 2003 Georgia

3 May 2004 Congo (Brazzaville)

21 Sep 2004 Burundi⁶

22 Sep 2004 Liberia

24 Sep 2004 Guyana

15 Mar 2005 Kenya

12 May 2005 Dominican Republic

28 Oct 2005 Mexico

18 Aug 2006 Comoros

22 Aug 2006 Saint Kitts and Nevis

23 Oct 2006 Montenegro

1 Jan 2007 Chad

1 Oct 2007 Japan

1 Jun 2008 Madagascar

1 Oct 2008 Cook Islands, Suriname

1 Sep 2009 Chile

1 Oct 2009 Czech Republic

1 Jun 2010 Bangladesh

1 Nov 2010 Saint Lucia, Seychelles

1 Jan 2011 Moldova

1 Aug 2011 Grenada

1 Sep 2011 Tunisia

1 Nov 2011 The Philippines⁷

1 Dec 2011 Maldives

1 Jan 2012 Cape Verde⁸

1 Feb 2012 Vanuatu

1 Jul 2012 Guatemala

1 May 2013 Côte d'Ivoire

1 Apr 2015 Palestine

3 Mar 2016 El Salvador

26 Nov 2019 Kiribati

¹The Gambia announced its withdrawal 10 Nov 2016 (this would be effective one year later), itcanceled the decision to withdraw 10 Feb 2017.²as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.³South Africa announced its withdrawal 19 Oct 2016(this would be effective one year later), it canceled the decision to withdraw 7 Mar 2017.⁴from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁵from 2003 Timor-Leste.⁶Burundi withdrew 27 Oct 2017.⁷The Philippines withdrew17 Mar 2019.⁸from 2013 Cabo Verde. note: Malaysia deposited instrument of accession on 4 Mar 2019 (to be effective 1 Jun 2019), but withdrew its instrument of accession 29 Apr 2019.

International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO/Interpol)


Adopted Oct 1949 (modified 1973)


Variant

INTERPOL website

Headquarters: Lyon
(France)
(St.-Cloud, France 1946-1989;
Berlin, Germany 1942-1945;
Vienna, Austria 1923-1942)

14-18 Apr 1914 First International Criminal Police Congress held in Monaco. 7 Sep 1923 International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) created. 1938 - 1945 Under regime of Nazi Germany, many countries cease participation in the organization. May 1945 - 3 Jun 1946 For all practical purposes the ICPC ceases to exist. 3 Jun 1946 Organization re-founded, telegraphic address"Interpol" adopted. 13 Jun 1956 International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO).

Secretary 1923 - 1932 Oskar Dressler (Austria) (b. 1878 - d. 1960) Secretaries-general 1932 - 1946 Oskar Dressler (s.a.) (Austria [1938-45 Germany]) 1946 - 1951 Louis Ducloux (France) (b. 1883 - d. 1956) 1951 - 1963 Marcel Sicot (France) (b. 1898 - d. 1981) 1963 - 1978 Jean Népote (France) (b. 1915 - d. 2000) 1978 - 1985 André Bossard (France) (b. 1926 - d. 2012) Oct 1985 - 2 Nov 2000 Raymond Edward Kendall (U.K.) (b. 1933) 2 Nov 2000 - 7 Nov 2014 Ronald Kenneth Noble (U.S.) (b. 1956) 7 Nov 2014 - Jürgen Stock (Germany) (b. 1959)

Presidents 10 Sep 1923 - 19 Aug 1932 Johann Schober (Austria) (b. 1874 - d. 1932) 1932 - 1934 Franz Brandl (Austria) (b. 1875 - d. 1953) 1934 - 1935 Eugen Seydel (Austria) (b. 1879 - d. 1958) 1935 - 12 Mar 1938 Michael Skubl (Austria) (b. 1877 - d. 1964) Apr 1938 - 20 Jun 1940 Otto Steinhäusl (Germany) (b. 1873 - d. 1940) Aug 1940 - 4 Jun 1942 Reinhard Heydrich (Germany) (b. 1904 - d. 1942) 4 Jun 1942 - 30 Jan 1943 Artur Nebe (Germany) (b. 1894 - d. 1945) 30 Jan 1943 - May 1945 Ernst Kaltenbrunner (Germany) (b. 1903 - d. 1946) 1946 - 1956 Florent Louwage (Belgium) (b. 1888 - d. 1967) 1956 - 1960 Agostinho Lourenço (Portugal) (b. 1886 - d. 1964) 1960 - 1963 Sir Richard L. Jackson (U.K.) (b. 1902 - d. 1975) 1963 - 1964 Fjalar Jarva (Finland) (b. 1910 - d. 1978) 1964 - 1968 Firmin Franssen (Belgium) 1968 - 1972 Paul Dickopf (W. Germany) (b. 1910 - d. 1973) 1972 - 1976 William Leonard Higgitt (Canada) (b. 1917 - d. 1989) 1976 - 1980 Carl Johan Gunnar Persson (Sweden) (b. 1919 - d. 2014) 1980 - 1984 Jolly R. Bugarin (Philippines) (b. 1916? - d. 2002) 1984 - 1988 John R. Simpson (U.S.) (b. 1932 - d. 2017) 1988 - 1992 Ivan Barbot (France) (b. 1937) 1992 - 1994 Norman David Inkster (Canada) (b. 1938) 4 Oct 1994 - 1996 Björn Eriksson (Sweden) (b. 1945) 1996 - 2000 Toshinori Kanemoto (Japan) (b. 1946) 3 Nov 2000 - 8 Oct 2004 Jesús Espigares Mira (Spain) (b. 1946) 8 Oct 2004 - 13 Feb 2008 Jackie Selebi (South Africa) (b. 1950 - d. 2015) 13 Feb 2008 - 10 Oct 2008 ArturoJoséHerrera Verdugo (Chile)(b. 1951) (acting) 10 Oct 2008 - 8 Nov 2012 Khoo Boon Hui (Singapore) (b. 1954) 8 Nov 2012 - 10 Nov 2016 Mireille Ballestrazzi(f)(France) (b. 1954) 10 Nov 2016 - 7 Oct 2018 Meng Hongwei (China) (b. 1953) 7 Oct 2018 - Kim Jong Yang (South Korea) (b. 1961) (acting to 21 Nov 2018)

INTERPOL membership (194)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

7 Sep 1923 Austria¹, Belgium, Republic of China², Egypt, France, Germany³, Greece, Hungary⁴, Italy⁵, The Netherlands, Poland⁶, Romania⁷, Sweden, Switzerland, United States⁸, Yugoslavia⁹

1923 Czechoslovakia¹⁰, Denmark, Finland, Portugal

1925 Bulgaria¹¹

1928 United Kingdom

1930 Chile, Norway, Turkey

14 May 1937 Luxembourg

28 Feb 1938 Iran

Jun 1947 Argentina

12 Aug 1947 Ireland

1 Jan 1948 South Africa¹²

Sep 1948 Australia, Venezuela

1949 Netherlands Antilles¹³,Suriname

Oct 1949 Canada, Guatemala, India, Israel, Lebanon

Jun 1950
Monaco

18 Jul 1950 Ceylon¹⁴

Jun 1951 Spain

Aug 1951 Thailand

1952
Philippines

Apr 1952 Indonesia

May 1952
Pakistan

6 Jun 1952 Cuba, West Germany³

Jun 1953 Brazil¹⁵, Dominican Republic, Japan, Syria¹⁶

1 Jan 1954 Burma¹⁷

1954 Colombia, Costa Rica, Libya

1955 Mexico, New Zealand, Uruguay

1956 Saudi Arabia, The Sudan

1 Apr 1956 Cambodia

Jun 1956 Jordan¹⁸, Liberia

17 Jun 1957 Haiti, Laos, Morocco, Tunisia

15 Sep 1958 Ethiopia, Ghana, Panama

8 Dec 1959 El Salvador¹⁹

10 Oct 1960 Liechtenstein, Nigeria, Togo

4 Sep 1961 Cameroon, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast²⁰, Madagascar²¹, Malaysia, Senegal, Upper Volta²²

19 Sep 1962 Chad, Cyprus, Dahomey²³, Ecuador, Mauritania, Peru, Sierra Leone, Tanganyika²⁴

21 Aug 1963 Algeria, Bolivia, Congo (Kinshasa)²⁵, Jamaica

30 Sep 1964 Niger, South Korea, Trinidad and Tobago

16 Jun 1965 Central African Republic, Kuwait, Nicaragua

31 Aug 1966 Malawi, Uganda, Zambia

27 Sep 1967 Iraq, Nepal

1 Oct 1968 Guyana, Kenya, Singapore

13 Oct 1969 Mali, Mauritius

5 Oct 1970 Burundi, South Vietnam²⁶

6 Sep 1971 Fiji, Iceland, Lesotho, Nauru

19 Sep 1972 Bahrain, Malta, Oman

2 Oct 1973 The Bahamas, United Arab Emirates

19 Sep 1974 Honduras, Qatar, Rwanda

9 Oct 1975 Somalia, Swaziland²⁷

14 Oct 1976 Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea, Yemen (Sana)²⁸

1 Sep 1977 Paraguay, Seychelles

4 Sep 1979 Tonga

13 Nov 1980 Botswana, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Zimbabwe

3 Nov 1981 Barbados, Dominica

5 Oct 1982 Angola

18 Oct 1983 Saint Lucia

4 Sep 1984 Brunei Darussalam, China², Maldives

1 Oct 1985 Kiribati²⁹, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

6 Oct 1986 Antigua and Barbuda, The Gambia, Grenada

23 Nov 1987 Andorra, Aruba, Belize, Saint Kitts and Nevis

17 Nov 1988 São Tomé and Principe

27 Nov 1989 Cape Verde³⁰, Mozambique

27 Sep 1990 Marshall Islands, Soviet Union³¹

4 Nov 1991 Albania, Lithuania, Mongolia, Vietnam

4 Nov 1992 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Estonia, Guinea-Bissau, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Namibia, Slovenia, Ukraine

29 Sep 1993 Belarus, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Georgia

4 Oct 1993
Macedonia³²

28 Sep 1994 Moldova, Uzbekistan

23 Oct 1996 Kyrgyzstan

22 Oct 1998 Comoros

8 Nov 1999 Eritrea

24 Sep 2001 Serbia⁹

21 Oct 2002 Afghanistan, East Timor³³

5 Oct 2004 Tajikistan

19 Sep 2005 Bhutan, Turkmenistan

22 Sep 2006 Montenegro, San Marino

7 Oct 2008 Vatican City

13 Oct 2009 Samoa

31 Oct 2011 Curaçao, Sint Maarten, South Sudan

27 Sep 2017 Palestine, Solomon Islands

20 Nov 2018 Vanuatu

¹Austria withdrew 1945, rejoined 1 Jan 1948.²China withdrew 1945, rejoined 4 Sep 1961;the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until Interpolvoted to have China represented by the People's Republic of Chinaon 5 Sep 1984. ³Germany withdrew 1945, rejoined 6 Jun 1952 as (West) Germany; from 3 Oct 1990 united with East Germany.⁴Hungary withdrew 10 Sep 1952, rejoined 3 Nov 1981.⁵Italy withdrew 1945, rejoined Jun 1947.⁶Poland withdrew 26 Feb 1952, rejoined 27 Sep 1990.⁷Romania withdrew 1952, rejoined 2 Oct 1973. ⁸U.S. ceased formal participation in 1950 but did not formally withdraw; participation restored 28 Aug 1958. ⁹in Oct 1993 the Interpol General Assembly, concluded that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia could not automatically continue the membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and had to reapply anewwhich it did and was readmitted on 24 Sep 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.¹⁰Czechoslovakia withdrew 22 Dec 1951, rejoined 27 Sep 1990; dissolved 31 Dec 1992. ¹¹Bulgaria withdrew 30 May 1951, rejoined 27 Nov 1989.¹²South Africa withdrew 31 Dec 1954, rejoined 29 Sep 1993.¹³dissolved on 10 Oct 2010.¹⁴from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹⁵Brazil withdrew Feb 1980, readmitted 6 Oct 1986.¹⁶1958-1961 Syria formerly part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. on 29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on20 Mar 1962.¹⁷from 1989 Myanmar.¹⁸Jordan withdrew 23 Jun 1958, rejoined 19 Aug 1958; withdrew again 27 May 1959, rejoined 28 Jul 1959.¹⁹El Salvador withdrew Sep 1984, rejoined 29 Sep 1993.²⁰from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.²¹to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.²²from 1984 Burkina Faso.²³from 1975 Benin.²⁴Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar 26 Apr 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.²⁵Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.²⁶Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975 then Republic of South Vietnam; withdrew 2 Jul 1976.²⁷from 2018 Eswatini.²⁸from 1990 Republic of Yemen.²⁹Kiribati withdrew 1999, rejoined 20 Nov 2018.³⁰from 2013 Cabo Verde.³¹Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia. ³²as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.³³from 2003 Timor-Leste.

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

[Flag of International Fund
for Agricultural Development (IFAD)]

IFAD website Headquarters: Rome
(Italy)

30 Nov 1977 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) founded as specialized agency of the United Nations.

Presidents Jan 1978 - Nov 1984 Abdelmushin M. Al-Sudeary (b. 1936) (Saudi Arabia) Nov 1984 - Jan 1993 Idriss Jazaïry (Algeria) (b. 1936) Feb 1993 - 31 Mar 2001 Fawzi Hamad Al-Sultan (Kuwait) (b. 1944) 1 Apr 2001 - 31 Mar 2009 Lennart Båge (Sweden) (b. 1947) 1 Apr 2009 - 31 Mar 2017 Kanayo F. Nwanze (Nigeria) (b. c.1946) 1 Apr 2017 - Gilbert F. Houngbo (Togo) (b. 1961)

IFAD membership (177)

Date of
Admission
Member Nations

30 Nov 1977 Australia¹, Bangladesh, Botswana, Canada, Cameroon, Cape Verde², Chad, Cuba, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, (West) Germany, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Libya, Mali, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, The Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland³, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela,Zaire⁴

5 Dec 1977 Ghana

6 Dec 1977 Peru

9 Dec 1977 Belgium, Luxembourg

10 Dec 1977 Italy

12 Dec 1977 Austria, France, Iran, The Sudan,Yugoslavia⁵

13 Dec 1977 Comoros, The Gambia, Guyana, Honduras, Iraq, Lesotho, Malawi, Niger, Qatar, Senegal, Vietnam, Western Samoa⁶, Yemen (Aden)⁷

14 Dec 1977 Djibouti, Turkey, Upper Volta⁸

16 Dec 1977 Morocco, Uruguay, Zambia

19 Dec 1977 Haiti

20 Dec 1977 Cyprus

28 Dec 1977 Benin, United Arab Emirates

29 Dec 1977 Dominican Republic

30 Dec 1977 Bolivia

10 Jan 1978 Israel

25 Jan 1978 Guinea-Bissau

26 Jan 1978 South Korea

28 Mar 1978 Fiji

11 Apr 1978 Liberia

22 Apr 1978 São Tomé and Príncipe

5 May 1978 Nepal

11 May 1978 Papua New Guinea

26 May 1978 Algeria

2 Jun 1978 Chile

5 Jun 1978 Gabon

20 Jun 1978 Lebanon

27 Jul 1978 Congo (Brazzaville)

11 Sep 1978 Argentina

16 Oct 1978 Mozambique

2 Nov 1978 Brazil

16 Nov 1978 Costa Rica

27 Nov 1978 Spain

29 Nov 1978 Syria

30 Nov 1978 Greece, Guatemala, Portugal

11 Dec 1978 Central African Republic

13 Dec 1978 Afghanistan, Barbados, Bhutan, Burundi, Laos, Seychelles

12 Jan 1979 Madagascar

29 Jan 1979 Mauritius

6 Feb 1979 Yemen (Sana)⁷

15 Feb 1979 Jordan

23 Mar 1979 Paraguay

26 Apr 1979 Togo

26 Jun 1979 Mauritania

16 Jul 1979 Colombia

15 Jan 1980 China, Maldives

29 Jan 1980 Dominica

9 Oct 1980 Saint Lucia

25 Jul 1980 Grenada

22 Jan 1981 Zimbabwe

13 Mar 1981 Solomon Islands

19 Jan 1982 Ivory Coast⁹

29 Jul 1981 Equatorial Guinea

12 Apr 1982 Tonga

13 Dec 1982 Belize

15 Feb 1983 Suriname

19 Apr 1983 Oman

24 Apr 1985 Angola

21 Jan 1986 Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis

23 Feb 1987 North Korea

24 Mar 1988 Trinidad and Tobago¹⁰

23 Jan 1990 Malaysia, Myanmar

8 Mar 1990 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

25 Aug 1992 Cambodia

16 Oct 1992 Namibia

3 Nov 1992 Albania

23 Mar 1993 Armenia

25 Mar 1993 Cook Islands

10 Sep 1993 Kyrgyzstan

26 Jan 1994 Macedonia¹¹

9 Feb 1994 Mongolia

18 Mar 1994 Bosnia and Hercegovina

31 Mar 1994 Eritrea

11 Apr 1994 Azerbaijan

1 Feb 1995 Georgia

17 Jan 1996 Moldova

14 Feb 1997 South Africa

24 Mar 1997 Croatia

25 Sep 1998 Kazakhstan

8 Aug 2001 Iceland

4 Mar 2003 Timor-Leste

23 Feb 2005 Kiribati

20 Jul 2006 Niue

28 Feb 2008 The Bahamas

18 Feb 2009 Marshall Islands

19 Feb 2011 Uzbekistan

13 Jul 2011 Hungary

22 Feb 2012 South Sudan

5 Dec 2012 Estonia

13 Feb 2013 Nauru, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

19 Feb 2014 Russia

16 Feb 2015 Micronesia Federated States, Montenegro, Palau

29 Jan 2020 Poland

¹Australiaannounced its withdrawal 1 Sep 2004(effective31 Jul 2007).²from 2013 Cabo Verde.³from 2018 Eswatini.⁴from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).⁵Yugoslavia membership in IFAD Governing Bodies suspended by the Executive Board on 4 Dec 1992; membership formally ceased 18 Feb 2009.⁶from 1997 Samoa.⁷Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) merged 22 May 1990as Yemen. ⁸from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.¹⁰Trinidad and Tobagoannounced its withdrawalon 27 Mar 1997 (effective 27 Sep 1997), the decision to withdraw suspendedon 26 Sep 1997.¹¹as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.

International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)


IHO Flag to 21 Jun 2019


Adopted 21 Jun 2019

IHO website

Headquarters: Monaco
(Monaco)

IHO Day: 21 Jun (1921)
World Hydrography Day

21 Jun 1921 International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB). 21 Jun 1921 - 19 Apr 1946 Anagencyof the League of Nations. 22 Sep 1970 International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Presidents of the Directing Committee of International Hydrographic Bureau1921 - 26 Apr 1926 Sir John F. Parry (U.K.) (b. 1863 - d. 1926) 26 Apr 1926 - 1927 Johan Marie Phaff(Netherlands) (b. 1857 - d. 1945)1927 - 20 Aug 1929 Albert P. Niblack (U.S.) (b. 1859 - d. 1929) 20 Aug 1929 - 1932 Pierre Marie Joseph de Vanssay (b. 1869 - d. 1947) de Blavous (France) 1932 - 1952 John Dodd Nares (U.K.) (b. 1877 - d. 1957) 1952 - 1957 Chester LaroyNichols (U.S.) (b. 1892 - d. 1973) 1957 - 1962 Robert W. Knox (U.S.) (b. 1897 - d. 1990) 1962 - 7 Jul 1965 Charles Pierce (U.S.) (b. 1900 - d. 1965) 7 Jul 1965 - 1967 Alfredo Viglieri (Italy) (b. 1902 - d. 1979) 1967 - 1972 Guy Chatel (France) (b. 1906 - d. 1990) 1972 - 1982 George Stephen Ritchie (U.K.) (b. 1914 - d. 2012) 1982 - 1987 Francis Leslie Fraser (India) (b. 1925 - d. 1990) 1987 - 1992 Sir David W. Haslam (U.K.) (b. 1923 - d. 2009) 1992 - 1997 Christian Andreasen (U.S.) (b. 1939) 1997 - 2002 Giuseppe Angrisano(Italy) (b. 1935) 1 Sep 2002 - 31 Aug 2012 Aléxandros D. Marátos (Greece) 1 Sep 2012 - 8 Nov 2016 Robert E. Ward (Australia) (b. 1951) Secretaries-general of the International Hydrographic Organization 8 Nov 2016 - 31 Aug 2017 Robert E. Ward (Australia) (s.a.) 1 Sep 2017 - Mathias Jonas (Germany) (b. 1961)
IHB members 1921-1970

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`21 Jun 1921`	`Argentina, Belgium¹, Brazil, Chile², China, Denmark, France, Greece³, Japan⁴, Monaco, The Netherlands⁵, Norway⁶, Peru⁷, Portugal, Siam⁸, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom`
`21 Sep 1921`	`Italy⁹`
`25 May 1922`	`Egypt`
`20 Jun 1922`	`United States`
`26 Jul 1926`	`Poland`
`19 Oct 1926`	`Germany¹⁰`
`19 Feb 1934`	`Ecuador¹¹`
`11 Feb 1936`	`Uruguay¹²`
`20 Apr 1950`	`Cuba`
`2 Mar 1950`	`Turkey`
`6 Nov 1950`	`Yugoslavia`
`24 Aug 1951`	`South Africa`
`18 Oct 1951`	`Indonesia`
`1 Oct 1955`	`Philippines`
`1 Apr 1956`	`Burma¹³, Canada, India`
`1 Jan 1957`	`Finland, Iceland, Pakistan, South Korea`
`1 Jul 1957`	`Dominican Republic, Guatemala`
`1 Jul 1958`	`Australia`
`1 Jan 1959`	`New Zealand`
`1 Jan 1961`	`Venezuela`
`1 Jul 1961`	`Iran`
`1 Jan 1967`	`Paraguay¹⁴`
`1 Jul 1969`	`Colombia¹⁵`
`¹Belgium withdrew 31 Dec 1924.²Chile withdrew 31 Dec 1932, rejoined Jul 1935; withdrew again 27 Oct 1940, rejoined 25 Sep 1951.³Greece withdrew 1 Jan 1936, rejoined 20 Mar 1947.⁴Japan withdrew 30 Jan 1940,rejoined 27 Jan 1950.⁵Netherlands withdrew 1 Jan 1934, rejoined 1 Jan 1949.⁶Norway withdrew 1 Jul 1938, rejoined 1 Jan 1947.⁷Peru withdrew 31 Dec 1932.⁸from 23 Jun 1939 Thailand.⁹Italy withdrew 1 Jan 1934, rejoined 1 Jan 1949.¹⁰Germany withdrew 21 Nov 1933, Federal Republic of Germany rejoined 1 Jan 1952.¹¹Ecuador withdrew 23 Oct 1940, rejoined 5 Oct 1968.¹²Uruguay withdrew 1 Jan 1964.¹³Burma did not sign 1967 IHO Convention, suspended from 10 Feb 1977.¹⁴Paraguay signed the 1967 IHO Convention, but did not ratify it; suspended 1 Jan 1969.¹⁵Colombia was approved for IHB membership and deposited its instrument of accession 1 Jul 1969, this was after the 1967 IHO Convention was approved but before it received ratification. Colombia was requested to ratify the 1967 Convention, but withdrew its membership on 1 Jul 1978.`

IHO members (93)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`22 Sep 1970`	`Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada,Republic of China¹, Congo (Kinshasa)², Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France,West Germany³, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Monaco, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, United Kingdom, United States,Yugoslavia⁴`
`26 Jan 1971`	`Guatemala⁵`
`15 Feb 1971`	`Greece`
`11 Jun 1971`	`Chile`
`6 Sep 1971`	`Turkey`
`11 Oct 1971`	`Sweden`
`13 Mar 1972`	`Thailand`
`5 Jul 1972`	`Singapore`
`14 Sep 1972`	`Venezuela`
`21 Sep 1972`	`Dominican Republic⁶, Philippines`
`22 Sep 1972`	`Poland`
`26 Dec 1972`	`Ecuador`
`2 May 1974`	`Italy`
`3 Jul 1975`	`Malaysia`
`16 Sep 1975`	`Syria⁷`
`31 May 1976`	`Nigeria⁸`
`18 Feb 1977`	`Soviet Union⁹`
`15 May 1979`	`China¹`
`30 May 1979`	`Peru`
`5 May 1980`	`Trinidad and Tobago`
`10 Mar 1981`	`Belgium`
`22 Sep 1981`	`Uruguay`
`11 Mar 1983`	`Fiji`
`11 Jul 1983`	`Sri Lanka`
`19 Aug 1985`	`East Germany³`
`21 Nov 1985`	`Suriname¹⁰`
`24 Apr 1987`	`Papua New Guinea¹¹`
`6 Jul 1987`	`North Korea`
`31 Jul 1987`	`Oman`
`26 Mar 1991`	`Cyprus`
`2 Mar 1992`	`United Arab Emirates`
`22 Oct 1992`	`Bahrain`
`24 Jan 1995`	`Tonga`
`23 Feb 1996`	`Croatia`
`4 Apr 1996`	`Algeria`
`19 Feb 1997`	`Estonia`
`31 Jul 1997`	`Tunisia`
`20 May 1998`	`Ukraine`
`22 Jul 1998`	`Mozambique`
`11 Dec 1998`	`Colombia`
`13 Oct 1999`	`Morocco`
`30 Jun 2000`	`Jamaica`
`4 Jul 2001`	`Bangladesh`
`8 Apr 2002`	`Mexico`
`15 Apr 2002`	`Slovenia`
`6 Sep 2002`	`Kuwait`
`9 Sep 2003`	`Myanmar`
`17 Mar 2005`	`Latvia`
`4 Aug 2005`	`Mauritius`
`29 Jan 2007`	`Romania`
`27 Feb 2007`	`Saudi Arabia`
`4 Jun 2007`	`Ireland`
`2 May 2007`	`Qatar`
`20 Apr 2012`	`Cameroon¹²`
`3 Dec 2013`	`Montenegro`
`2 Mar 2015`	`Georgia, Vietnam`
`26 Mar 2015`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`11 Jan2017`	`Malta`
`17` `Feb2017`	`Vanuatu¹³`
`29 Dec 2017`	`Seychelles`
`11 May 2018`	`Bulgaria`
`18 Apr 2019`	`Guyana`
`2 May 2019`	`Samoa`
`15 Jul 2019`	`Solomon Islands`
`31 Jul 2019`	`Ghana`
`¹Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China to 20 Apr 1977 when IHO voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China, which joinedon 15 May 1979.` `²named Zaire 1971-1997, suspended from 1 Jul 1983.³East and West Germany united on 3 Oct 1990.` `⁴from 4 Feb 2003 Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia; Serbia suspended from 1 Jan 2013.⁵Guatemala suspended 1 Jul 1991 - 4 Jun 2002.⁶Dominican Republic suspended 1 Jul 1983 - 1 Jan 2018.⁷Syria suspended from 1 Jun 2018.⁸Nigeria suspended 1 Jul 1995 - 21 May 1997.⁹Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.¹⁰Suriname suspended 1 Jul 1991 - 26 Dec 2007.¹¹Papaua New Guinea suspended 1 Jan 1998 - 1 Dec 2001.¹²Cameroon suspended 1 Jan - 13 Feb 2017.¹³Vanuatu suspended from 1 Nov 2019.`

International Labour Organization (ILO)

From 1 Jan 1968, Adopted 15 Jun 2005

ILO website Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)
(Montreal , Canada
1940-1946;
London, UK 1919-1920)
ILO Day: 1 May
International Labour Day

28 Jun 1919 International Labour Organization (ILO) established as an agency of the League of Nations. 14 Dec 1946 ILO a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Directors Nov 1919 - 7 May 1932 Albert Thomas (France) (b. 1878 - d. 1932) Jul 1932 - Jun 1938 Harold B. Butler (U.K.) (b. 1883 - d. 1951) Jul 1939 - Feb 1941 John G. Winant (U.S.) (b. 1889 - d. 1947)Directors-general Feb 1941 - Jun 1948 Edward J. Phelan (Ireland) (b. 1888 - d. 1967) (acting to 16 Sep 1946)Jun 1948 - May 1970 David A. Morse (U.S.) (b. 1907 - d. 1990) 1 Jun 1970 - 9 Oct 1973 Wilfred Jenks (U.K.) (b. 1909 - d. 1973) 9 Oct 1973 - 27 Feb 1989 Francis Blanchard (France) (b. 1916 - d. 2009) (acting to 26 Feb 1974) 27 Feb 1989 - 4 Mar 1999 Michel Hansenne (Belgium) (b. 1940) 4 Mar 1999 - 1 Oct 2012 Juan Somavía Santa Cruz(Chile) (b. 1941) 1 Oct 2012 - Guy Ryder (U.K.) (b. 1956)

ILO membership (187)

Date of
Admission
Member Nations

28 Jun 1919 Argentina,Australia,Austria¹,Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile,China², Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia³, Denmark,Ecuador, El Salvador⁴,France,Germany⁵, Greece, Guatemala⁶, Haiti, India, Honduras⁷, Italy⁸, Japan⁹, Liberia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua¹⁰, Norway, Panama,Paraguay¹¹,Persia¹²,Peru, Poland¹³, Portugal, Romania¹⁴, Siam¹⁵, South Africa¹⁶,Spain¹⁷,Sweden, Switzerland,United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela¹⁸, Yugoslavia¹⁹

16 Dec 1920 Bulgaria, Costa Rica²⁰,Finland, Luxembourg

17 Dec 1920 Albania²¹

18 Sep 1922 Hungary

10 Sep 1923 Ireland

28 Sep 1923 Ethiopia

29 Sep 1924 Dominican Republic

23 Sep 1931 Mexico

18 Jul 1932 Turkey

3 Oct 1932 Iraq

20 Aug 1934 United States²²

18 Sep 1934
Soviet Union²³

27 Sep 1934 Afghanistan

28 Sep 1934
Ecuador

26 May 1936 Egypt

19 Oct 1945 Iceland

31 Oct 1947 Pakistan

4 Dec 1947 Syria²⁴

18 May 1948 Burma²⁵

15 Jun 1948 Philippines

28 Jun 1948 Ceylon²⁶

23 Dec 1948 Lebanon

13 May 1949 Israel

12 Jun 1950 Indonesia²⁷

21 Jun 1950 Vietnam²⁸

25 Jun 1951 Netherlands Antilles²⁹

11 Jun 1952 Libya

12 May 1954 Byelorussian S.S.R.³⁰, Ukrainian S.S.R.³¹

26 Jan 1956
Jordan

12 Jun 1956 The Sudan, Tunisia

13 Jun 1956 Morocco

20 May 1957 Ghana

11 Nov 1957 Malaya³²

21 Jan 1959 Guinea

7 Jun 1960 Cameroon, Togo

21 Jun 1960 Mali

20 Sep 1960 Congo (Kinshasa)³³

23 Sep 1960 Cyprus

14 Oct 1960 Gabon

17 Oct 1960 Nigeria

27 Oct 1960 Central African Republic

1 Nov 1960 Madagascar³⁴

4 Nov 1960 Senegal

10 Nov 1960 Chad, Congo (Brazzaville)

18 Nov 1960 Somalia

21 Nov 1960 Ivory Coast³⁵, Upper Volta³⁶

14 Dec 1960 Dahomey³⁷

27 Feb 1961 Niger

13 Jun 1961 Kuwait, Sierra Leone

20 Jun 1961 Mauritania

18 Sep 1962 Rwanda

20 Dec 1962 Jamaica

30 Jan 1962
Tanganyika³⁸

19 Oct 1962 Algeria

25 Mar 1963 Uganda

24 May 1963 Trinidad and Tobago

11 Mar 1963 Burundi

13 Jan 1964 Kenya

23 Jan 1964 Laos

2 Dec 1964 Zambia

4 Jan 1965 Malta

22 Mar 1965 Malawi

20 May 1965 Yemen (Sana)³⁹

25 Oct 1965
Singapore

8 Jun 1966 Guyana

30 Aug 1966 Nepal

31 Oct 1966 Lesotho⁴⁰

8 May 1967 Barbados

24 May 1968 Mongolia

24 Feb 1969 Cambodia

14 Apr 1969 Yemen (Aden)³⁹

5 May 1969 Mauritius

22 Jun 1972 Bangladesh

25 Apr 1972 Qatar, United Arab Emirates

1 Jan 1974 East Germany⁴¹

19 Apr 1974
Fiji

20 May 1975 Swaziland⁴²

12 Jan 1976 Saudi Arabia

24 Feb 1976 Suriname

1 May 1976 Papua New Guinea

25 May 1976
The Bahamas

28 May 1976 Mozambique

4 Jun 1976 Angola

21 Feb 1977 Guinea-Bissau

25 Apr 1977 Seychelles

18 Apr 1977 Bahrain

3 May 1978 Djibouti

3 Oct 1978 Namibia⁴³

23 Oct 1978 Comoros

27 Feb 1978 Botswana

3 Apr 1979 Cape Verde⁴⁴

9 Jul 1979 Grenada

9 Apr 1980 Saint Lucia

6 Jun 1980 Zimbabwe

30 Jan 1981 Equatorial Guinea

17 Nov 1981 Belize

16 Feb 1982 Antigua and Barbuda

1 Jun 1982 São Tomé and Príncipe

17 Jun 1982 Dominica

18 Jun 1982
San Marino

28 May 1984 Solomon Islands

1 Jan 1986 Aruba

4 Oct 1991 Lithuania⁴⁵

9 Dec 1991 South Korea

31 Dec 1991 Latvia⁴⁶

13 Jan 1992 Estonia⁴⁷

31 Mar 1992 Kyrgyzstan

29 May 1992 Slovenia

8 Jun 1992 Moldova

30 Jun 1992 Croatia

19 May 1992 Azerbaijan

13 Jul 1992 Uzbekistan

26 Nov 1992 Armenia

22 Jan 1993 Slovakia

5 Feb 1993 Czech Republic

28 May 1993 Macedonia⁴⁸

31 May 1993 Kazakhstan

2 Jun 1993 Bosnia and Hercegovina

7 Jun 1993 Eritrea

22 Jun 1993 Georgia

24 Sep 1993 Turkmenistan

26 Nov 1993 Tajikistan

31 Jan 1994 Oman

29 May 1995 The Gambia

31 May 1995 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

19 Jun 1996 Saint Kitts and Nevis

3 Feb 2000 Kiribati

24 Nov 2000 Serbia and Montenegro¹⁹

22 May 2003 Vanuatu

19 Aug 2003 Timor-Leste

7 Mar 2005 Samoa

14 Jul 2006 Montenegro

17 Jan 2007 Brunei Darussalam

3 Jul 2007 Marshall Islands

27 May 2008 Tuvalu

15 May 2009 Maldives

10 Oct 2010 Curaçao, Sint Maarten

13 Apr 2012 South Sudan

29 May 2012 Palau

12 Jun 2015 Cook Islands

24 Feb 2016 Tonga

¹Austria withdrew 13 Mar 1938, rejoined 24 Jun 1947. ²Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China to 16 Nov 1971 when ILO voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.³Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992. ⁴El Salvador withdrew 1939, rejoined 21 Jun 1948.⁵Gemany withdrew 19 Oct 1935, rejoined 12 Jun 1951; 1945-1990 as West Germany.⁶Guatemala withdrew 26 May 1938, rejoined 19 Oct 1945.⁷Honduras withdrew 10 Jul 1938, rejoined 1 Jan 1955.⁸Italy withdrew 14 Dec 1939, rejoined 19 Oct 1945.⁹Japan withdrew 3 Nov 1940, rejoined 26 Nov 1951.¹⁰Nicaragua withdrew 26 Jun 1938, rejoined 9 Apr 1957. ¹¹Paraguay withdrew 23 Feb 1937, rejoined 5 Sep 1956.¹²from 1935 Iran. ¹³Poland announced its withdrawal 17 Nov 1984, this would be effective two years later, extended withdrawal notice (13 Nov 1986) by one year, then canceled (17 Nov 1987) the decision to withdraw.¹⁴Romania withdrew 10 Jul 1942, rejoined 11 May 1956.¹⁵from 1939 Thailand.¹⁶South Africa suspended 30 Jun 1963, ceased participation 14 Mar 1964; withdrew 11 Mar 1966, rejoined 26 May 1994.¹⁷Spain withdrew 8 May 1941, rejoined 28 May 1956.¹⁸Venezuela withdrew 3 May 1957, rejoined 15 Mar 1958.¹⁹Yugoslavia as State of Serbs, Croats and Slovenesto 1929; withdrew 16 Jun 1949, rejoined 23 May 1951; on 2 Mar 1993 pursuant to decisions taken by ILO Governing Body on the basis of the relevant U.N. resolutions, no state is recognized as the continuation of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia applied and was readmitted on 24 Nov 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. ²⁰Costa Rica withdrew 1 Jan 1927, rejoined 21 Apr 1944.²¹Albania withdrew 5 Aug 1967, rejoined 22 May 1991.²²U.S. withdrew 6 Nov 1977, rejoined 18 Feb 1980.²³Soviet Union ceased to be a member 5 Feb 1940, rejoined 26 Apr 1954; dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.²⁴1958-1961 Syria formerly part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. On 29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on 5 Oct 1961.²⁵from 1989 Myanmar.²⁶from 1971 Sri Lanka.²⁷Indonesia announced its withdrawal 23 Mar 1965, effective two years later (25 Mar 1967);withdrawal is cancelled 6 Sep 1966.²⁸Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam, from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam; withdrew 2 Jul 1976, rejoined 17 Jan 1980; withdrew again 1 Jun 1985, rejoined 20 May 1992.²⁹Netherlands Antilles dissolved 10 Oct 2010, succeeded by Curaçao and Sint Maarten.³⁰from 1991 Belarus.³¹from 1991 Ukraine.³²from 1963 Malaysia.³³1960-1966 Congo (Léopoldville); 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.³⁴to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.³⁵from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.³⁶from 1984 Burkina Faso.³⁷from 1975 Benin.³⁸Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar 26 Apr 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.³⁹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) merged 22 May 1990 as Yemen.⁴⁰Lesotho withdrew 15 Jul 1971, rejoined 1980.⁴¹East Germany merged 3 Oct 1990 into Federal Republic of Germany.⁴²from 2018 Eswatini.⁴³Namibia until 21 Mar 1990 as United Nations Council for Namibia(not recognized by South Africa).⁴⁴from 2013 Cabo Verde.⁴⁵Lithuania former member 22 Sep 1921 - 21 Jul 1940.⁴⁶Latvia former member 22 Sep 1921 - 21 Jul 1940.⁴⁷Estonia former member 22 Sep 1921 - 21 Jul 1940.⁴⁸as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

Adopted 1960/62

IMO website Headquarters: London
(United Kingdom) IMO Day: 22 - 30 Sep
World Maritime Days

3 Mar 1948 Preparatory Committee of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization.17 Mar 1958 Inter-Governmental Maritime ConsultativeOrganization (IMCO), a specialized agency of the United Nations. 6 Jan 1959 Secretariat inaugurated.22 May 1982 International Maritime Organization (IMO).

Executive Secretaries1948 - 1957 Branko Lukač (Yugoslavia) (b. 1894 - d. 19..)1957 – 13 Jan 1959 Michael Harold Higgins (U.K.) (b. 1908-d. 200.)Secretaries-general 13 Jan 1959 - 20 Nov 1961 Ove Nielsen (Denmark) (b. 1893? - d. 1961) 20 Nov 1961 - 10 Jan 1963 William Graham (U.K.) (acting) (b. 1894 - d. 1981) 10 Jan 1963 - 31 Dec 1967 Jean Georges Roullier (France) (b. 1898 - d. 1974) 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1973 Colin Goad (U.K.) (b. 1914 - d. 1998) 1 Jan 1974 - 31 Dec 1989 Chandrika Prasad Srivastava (India)(b. 1920 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 1990 - 31 Dec 2003 William Andrew O'Neil (Canada) (b. 1927) 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2011 Efthýmios E. Mitrópoulos (Greece) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2015 Koji Sekimizu (Japan) (b. 1952) 1 Jan 2016 - Kitack Lim (South Korea) (b. 1956)

IMO membership (174)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

17 Mar 1958 Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Burma¹, Canada, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, The Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States

25 Mar 1958 Turkey

1 Jul 1958 China²

21 Nov 1958 Pakistan

24 Dec 1958 Soviet Union³

29 Dec 1958 Norway

31 Dec 1958 Greece, Panama

6 Jan 1959 India, Liberia

7 Jan 1959 West Germany⁴

21 Apr 1959 Finland

27 Apr 1959 Sweden

3 Jun 1959 Denmark

6 Jul 1959 Ghana

12 Feb 1960 Yugoslavia⁵

16 Mar 1960 Poland

5 Apr 1960 Bulgaria

5 Jul 1960 Kuwait

4 Nov 1960 Ivory Coast⁶

7 Nov 1960 Senegal

8 Nov 1960 Iceland

9 Nov 1960 New Zealand

3 Jan 1961 Cambodia

18 Jan 1961 Indonesia⁷

8 Mar 1961 Madagascar⁸

1 May 1961 Cameroon

8 May 1961 Mauritania

23 Jan 1962 Spain

15 Mar 1962 Nigeria

10 Apr 1962 South Korea

30 Jul 1962 Morocco

28 Jan 1963 Syria

4 Mar 1963 Brazil

23 May 1963 Tunisia

1 Oct 1963 Czechoslovakia⁹

31 Oct 1963 Algeria

9 Nov 1964 Philippines

27 Apr 1965 Trinidad and Tobago

28 Apr 1965 Romania

17 Jan 1966 Singapore

6 Mar 1966 Cuba

3 May 1966 Lebanon

22 Jun 1966 Malta

31 May 1967 Maldives

15 Apr 1968 Peru

10 May 1968 Uruguay

25 Feb 1969 Saudi Arabia

7 Jan 1970 Barbados

16 Feb 1970 Libya

10 Jun 1970 Hungary

17 Jun 1971 Malaysia

17 Feb 1972 Chile

6 Apr 1972 Sri Lanka

6 Sep 1972 Equatorial Guinea

14 Mar 1973 Sierra Leone

16 Aug 1973 Zaire¹⁰

22 Aug 1973 Kenya

28 Aug 1973 Iraq

20 Sep 1973 Thailand

25 Sep 1973 East Germany⁴

9 Nov 1973 Jordan

21 Nov 1973 Cyprus

8 Jan 1974 Tanzania

30 Jan 1974 Oman

5 Jul 1974 The Sudan

19 Nov 1974 Colombia

2 Apr 1975 Austria

3 Jul 1975 Ethiopia

5 Sep 1975 Congo (Brazzaville)

27 Oct 1975 Venezuela

3 Dec 1975 Guinea

17 Mar 1976 Portugal

1 Apr 1976 Gabon

6 May 1976 Papua New Guinea

11 May 1976 Jamaica

27 May 1976 Bangladesh

22 Jul 1976 The Bahamas

24 Aug 1976 Cape Verde¹¹

22 Sep 1976 Bahrain

14 Oct 1976 Suriname

19 May 1977 Qatar

6 Jun 1977 Angola

6 Dec 1977 Guinea-Bissau

4 Apr 1978 Somalia

18 May 1978 Mauritius

13 Jun 1978 Seychelles

11 Jan 1979 The Gambia

17 Jan 1979 Mozambique

31 Jan 1979 Nepal

20 Feb 1979 Djibouti

14 Mar 1979 Yemen (Sana)¹²

18 Dec 1979 Dominica

4 Mar 1980 United Arab Emirates

19 Mar 1980 Benin

10 Apr 1980 Saint Lucia

13 May 1980 Guyana

2 Jun 1980 Yemen (Aden)¹²

12 Feb 1981 El Salvador

4 Mar 1981 Costa Rica

29 Apr 1981 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

17 Mar 1982 Nicaragua

14 Mar 1983 Fiji

16 Mar 1983 Guatemala

20 Jun 1983 Togo

12 Jun 1984 Vietnam

31 Dec 1984 Brunei Darussalam

13 Jan 1986 Antigua and Barbuda

16 Apr 1986 North Korea

21 Oct 1986 Vanuatu

6 Jul 1987 Bolivia

27 Jun 1988 Solomon Islands

19 Jan 1989 Malawi

22 Dec 1989 Monaco

8 Jul 1990 São Tomé and Príncipe

13 Sep 1990 Belize

14 Feb 1991 Luxembourg

31 Jan 1992 Estonia

8 Jul 1992 Croatia

10 Feb 1993 Slovenia

1 Mar 1993 Latvia

15 Mar 1993 Paraguay

24 Mar 1993 Slovakia

24 May 1993 Albania

18 Jun 1993 Czech Republic

22 Jun 1993 Georgia

16 Jul 1993 Bosnia and Hercegovina

24 Aug 1993 Turkmenistan

31 Aug 1993 Eritrea

19 Oct 1993 Macedonia¹³

11 Mar 1994 Kazakhstan

28 Mar 1994 Ukraine

27 Oct 1994 Namibia

28 Feb 1995 South Africa

15 May 1995 Azerbaijan

7 Dec 1995 Lithuania

25 Oct 1996 Western Samoa¹⁴

11 Dec 1996 Mongolia

26 Mar 1998 Marshall Islands

3 Dec 1998 Grenada

23 Feb 2000 Tonga

11 Dec 2000 Serbia and Montenegro⁵

3 Aug 2001 Comoros

8 Oct 2001 Saint Kitts and Nevis

12 Dec 2001 Moldova

12 Mar 2002 San Marino

28 Oct 2003 Kiribati

19 May 2004 Tuvalu

10 May 2005 Timor-Leste

16 Aug 2005 Zimbabwe

10 Oct 2006 Montenegro

18 Jul 2008 Cook Islands

30 Jun 2009 Uganda

8 Sep 2011 Palau

2 Oct 2014 Zambia

29 Nov 2016 Belarus

19 Jan 2018 Armenia

14 May 2018 Nauru

¹from 1989 Myanmar. ²Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China to 23 May 1972 when IMO voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.³Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.⁴East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. ⁵Yugoslavia expelled 18 Jun 1993, readmitted 11 Dec 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁶from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.⁷Indonesia withdrew 9 Oct 1965, rejoined 29 Sep 1966.⁸to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.⁹Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.¹⁰from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).¹¹from 2013 Cabo Verde. ¹²Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 22 May 1990.¹³as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.¹⁴from 1997 Samoa.

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of IMO

19 Jan 1960 Nigeria¹

1 Oct 1961 Sarawak and North Borneo²

7 Jun 1967 Hong Kong

2 Feb 1990 Macau

3 Dec 2002
Faroe Islands

¹Nigeria full member from 15 Mar 1962.²part of Malaysia 16 Sep 1963.

International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO)

[International Mobile
Satellite Organization (Inmarsat) flag
1979-c.1990]

1979 - c.1990 Inmarsat

1999 - 2015?

[flag of International
Telecommunications Satellite Organization
(ITSO)]

Adopted 2015?

IMSO website

Headquarters: London
(United Kingdom)

16 Jul 1979 International Mobile Satellite Organization (Inmarsat) 15 Apr 1999 Renamed International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO), Inmarsat becomes aseparateprivate company under its supervision. Directors-general Dec 1979 - Mar 1995 Olof Lundberg (Sweden) (b. 1941?) Mar 1995 - Aug 1995 Noel Isotta (Italy) (interim) Aug 1995 - 15 Apr 1999 Warren Grace (Australia) (b. c.1943)15 Apr 1999 - 14 Apr 2007 Jerzy W. Vonau (Poland) (b. 1936) 15 Apr 2007 - 14 Apr 2015 Esteban Pacha-Vicente (Spain) (b. 1962) 15 Apr 2015 - Moin Uddin Ahmed (Bangladesh)
IMSO membership (104)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`16 Jul 1979`	`Algeria, Australia, Byelorussian S.S.R.¹, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Soviet Union², Spain, Sweden, Ukrainian S.S.R.³, United Kingdom, United States`
`2 Oct 1979`	`Argentina`
`18 Oct 1979`	`France`
`23 Oct 1979`	`West Germany⁴`
`21 Jul 1980`	`Iraq`
`14 Nov 1980`	`Liberia`
`30 Dec 1980`	`Oman`
`11 Jan 1981`	`Malta`
`26 Feb 1981`	`Chile`
`30 Mar 1981`	`Philippines`
`15 Dec 1981`	`Sri Lanka`
`13 Jan 1983`	`United Arab Emirates`
`9 May 1983`	`Tunisia`
`5 Oct 1983`	`Saudi Arabia`
`12 Oct 1984`	`Iran`
`28 Dec 1984`	`Gabon`
`6 Feb 1985`	`Pakistan`
`16 Sep 1985`	`South Korea`
`8 Jan 1986`	`Bahrain`
`12 Jun 1986`	`Malaysia`
`24 Sep 1986`	`East Germany⁴`
`9 Oct 1986`	`Indonesia`
`28 Sep 1987`	`Qatar`
`13 Oct 1987`	`Israel`
`26 Oct 1987`	`Panama`
`28 Oct 1987`	`Colombia`
`30 Oct 1987`	`Peru`
`23 Feb 1988`	`Nigeria`
`7 Dec 1988`	`Czechoslovakia⁵`
`17 May 1989`	`Switzerland`
`25 Jul 1989`	`Cuba`
`16 Nov 1989`	`Turkey`
`18 Apr 1990`	`Mozambique`
`27 Sep 1990`	`Romania, Yugoslavia⁶`
`1 Oct 1990`	`Monaco`
`23 Oct 1990`	`Cameroon`
`11 Jan 1991`	`Malta`
`26 Mar 1991`	`Iceland`
`8 Jun 1992`	`Cyprus`
`24 Nov 1992`	`Croatia`
`7 Dec 1992`	`Mauritius`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic`
`20 Jul 1993`	`Slovakia`
`27 Jul 1993`	`Georgia⁷`
`17 Sep 1993`	`Bangladesh`
`4 Oct 1993`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`10 Jan 1994`	`Mexico`
`3 Mar 1994`	`South Africa`
`12 May 1994`	`The Bahamas`
`16 Jun 1994`	`Senegal`
`14 Dec 1994`	`Thailand`
`29 Dec 1994`	`Lebanon`
`22 Mar 1995`	`Latvia`
`5 Jun 1995`	`Costa Rica`
`11 Jul 1995`	`Ghana`
`12 May 1997`	`Marshall Islands`
`1 Jul 1997`	`Hong Kong`
`24 Jul 1997`	`Hungary`
`15 Apr 1998`	`Vietnam`
`17 Apr 1998`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`21 Jul 1998`	`Kenya`
`21 Dec 1998`	`Tanzania`
`21 Jun 1999`	`Morocco`
`29 Jan 1999`	`Libya`
`22 Nov 2000`	`Comoros`
`27 Apr 2002`	`Serbia and Montengro⁶`
`18 Sep 2003`	`Tonga`
`27 Apr 2005`	`Venezuela`
`3 Jun 2006`	`Montenegro`
`31 Oct 2007`	`Cook Islands`
`20 Aug 2008`	`Vanuatu`
`12 Oct 2009`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`24 Jan 2011`	`Yemen`
`28 Sep 2011`	`Mongolia`
`29 Sep 2011`	`Palau`
`15 Oct 2013`	`North Korea`
`18 Nov 2014`	`Jordan`
`12 Jan 2015`	`Georgia`
`11 Nov 2015`	`Ecuador`
`8 Mar 2016`	`Fiji`
`16 Nov 2016`	`Honduras`
`9 Mar 2018`	`Bolivia`
`¹from 1991 Belarus.²Soviet Uniondissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.³from 1991 Ukraine.⁴West Germany and East Germany united as Germany on 3 Oct 1990.⁵Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan 1993 membership succeeded by Czech Republic.⁶Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia became party to Inmarsat Convention on 27 Sep 1990; by an instrument of succession dated 19 Feb 2002 the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia considered itself bound as of 27 Apr 1992,it succeeded to the Convention on 27 Apr 2002; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.` `⁷Georgia considered to have withdrawn2 Oct 1994.`

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Adopted 6 May 1946

IMF website Headquarters: Washington, D.C.
(United States)

27 Dec 1945 Articles of Agreement (adopted by the Bretton Woods Conference 22 Jul 1944) become effective. 1 Mar 1947 International Monetary Fund begins operations.

Managing Directors 6 May 1946 - 6 May 1951 Camille Gutt (Belgium) (b. 1884 - d. 1971) 6 May 1951 - 3 Aug 1951 Andrew N. Overby (U.S.)(acting) (b. 1909 - d. 1984) 3 Aug 1951 - 3 Oct 1956 Ivar Rooth (Sweden) (b. 1888 - d. 1972) 3 Oct 1956 - 21 Nov 1956 H. Merle Cochran (U.S.)(acting) (b. 1892 - d. 1973) 21 Nov 1956 - 5 May 1963 Per Jacobsson (Sweden) (b. 1894 - d. 1963) 5 May 1963 - 1 Sep 1963 Frank A. Southard, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1907 - d. 1989) (acting) 1 Sep 1963 - 1 Sep 1973 Pierre-Paul Schweitzer (France) (b. 1912 - d. 1994) 1 Sep 1973 - 17 Jun 1978 Johannes Witteveen (Netherlands) (b. 1921 - d. 2019) 17 Jun 1978 - 16 Jan 1987 Jacques de Larosière (France) (b. 1929) 16 Jan 1987 - 14 Feb 2000 Michel Camdessus (France) (b. 1933) 14 Feb 2000 - 1 May 2000 Stanley Fischer (U.S.) (acting) (b. 1943) 1 May 2000 - 4 Mar 2004 Horst Köhler (Germany) (b. 1943) 4 Mar 2004 - 4 May 2004 Anne Krueger (f) (U.S.) (acting) (b. 1934) 4 May 2004 - 1 Nov 2007 Rodrigo Rato (Spain) (b. 1949) 1 Nov 2007 - 18 May 2011 Dominique Strauss-Kahn (France) (b. 1949) 15 May 2011 - 5 Jul 2011 John P. Lipsky (U.S.) (b. 1947) (acting [for Strauss-Kahn to 18 May 2011]) 5 Jul 2011 - 12 Sep 2019 Christine Lagarde (f) (France) (b. 1956) 2 Jul 2019 - 1 Oct 2019 David A. Lipton (U.S.) (b. 1953)
(acting [for Lagarde to 12 Sep 2019]) 1 Oct 2019 - KristalinaIvanova Georgieva (f) (b. 1953) (Bulgaria)

IMF membership (189)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

27 Dec 1945 Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, China¹, Colombia, Czechoslovakia², Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Honduras, Iceland, India, Iraq, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Poland³, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia⁴

28 Dec 1945 Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay

29 Dec 1945 Iran

31 Dec 1945 Chile, Mexico, Peru

8 Jan 1946 Costa Rica

14 Jan 1946 Brazil

11 Mar 1946 Uruguay

14 Mar 1946 Cuba⁵, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama

30 Mar 1946 Denmark

30 Dec 1946 Venezuela

11 Mar 1947 Turkey

27 Mar 1947 Italy

10 Apr 1947 Syria⁶

14 Apr 1947 Lebanon

5 Aug 1947 Australia

14 Jan 1948 Finland

27 Aug 1948 Austria

3 May 1949 Thailand

11 Jul 1950 Pakistan

29 Aug 1950 Ceylon⁷

31 Aug 1951 Sweden

3 Jan 1952 Burma⁸

13 Aug 1952 Japan

14 Aug 1952 (West) Germany

29 Aug 1952 Jordan

8 Sep 1953 Haiti

15 Apr 1954 Indonesia⁹

12 Jul 1954 Israel

14 Jul 1955 Afghanistan

26 Aug 1955 South Korea

20 Sep 1956 Argentina

21 Sep 1956 Vietnam¹⁰

8 Aug 1957 Ireland

26 Aug 1957 Saudi Arabia

5 Sep 1957 The Sudan

20 Sep 1957 Ghana

7 Mar 1958 Malaya¹¹

14 Apr 1958 Tunisia

25 Apr 1958 Morocco

15 Sep 1958 Spain

17 Sep 1958 Libya

29 Mar 1961 Portugal

30 Mar 1961 Nigeria

5 Jul 1961 Laos

31 Aug 1961 New Zealand

6 Sep 1961 Nepal

21 Dec 1961 Cyprus

28 Mar 1962 Liberia

1 Aug 1962 Togo

31 Aug 1962 Senegal, Somalia

10 Sep 1962 Sierra Leone, Tanganyika¹²

13 Sep 1962 Kuwait

21 Feb 1963 Jamaica

11 Mar 1963 Ivory Coast¹³

24 Apr 1963 Niger

2 May 1963 Upper Volta¹⁴

10 Jul 1963 Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey¹⁵

10 Sep 1963 Gabon, Mauritania

16 Sep 1963 Trinidad and Tobago

25 Sep 1963 Madagascar¹⁶

26 Sep 1963 Algeria

27 Sep 1963 Mali, Uganda

28 Sep 1963 Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa)¹⁷, Guinea

30 Sep 1963 Rwanda

3 Feb 1964 Kenya

19 Jul 1965 Malawi

23 Sep 1965 Zambia

3 Aug 1966 Singapore

26 Sep 1966 Guyana

21 Feb 1967 Indonesia

21 Sep 1967 The Gambia

24 Jul 1968 Botswana

25 Jul 1968 Lesotho

11 Sep 1968 Malta

23 Sep 1968 Mauritius

22 Sep 1969 Swaziland¹⁸

29 Sep 1969 Yemen (Aden)¹⁹

22 Dec 1969 Equatorial Guinea

31 Dec 1969 Cambodia

22 May 1970 Yemen (Sana)¹⁹

29 Dec 1970 Barbados

28 May 1971 Fiji

23 Dec 1971 Oman

28 Dec 1971 Western Samoa²⁰

17 Aug 1972 Bangladesh

7 Sep 1972 Bahrain

8 Sep 1972 Qatar

22 Sep 1972 United Arab Emirates

15 Dec 1972 Romania

21 Aug 1973 The Bahamas

27 Aug 1975 Grenada

9 Oct 1975 Papua New Guinea

21 Sep 1976 Comoros

24 Mar 1977 Guinea-Bissau

30 Jun 1977 Seychelles

30 Sep 1977 São Tomé and Príncipe

13 Jan 1978 Maldives

27 Apr 1978 Suriname

22 Sep 1978 Solomon Islands

20 Nov 1978 Cape Verde²¹

12 Dec 1978 Dominica

29 Dec 1978 Djibouti

15 Nov 1979 Saint Lucia

28 Dec 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

29 Sep 1980 Zimbabwe

28 Sep 1981 Bhutan, Vanuatu

25 Feb 1982 Antigua and Barbuda

16 Mar 1982 Belize

6 May 1982 Hungary

15 Aug 1984 Saint Kitts and Nevis

24 Sep 1984 Mozambique

13 Sep 1985 Tonga

3 Jun 1986 Kiribati

12 Jun 1986 Poland

19 Sep 1989 Angola

22 May 1990 Yemen

25 Sep 1990 Bulgaria, Namibia

14 Feb 1991 Mongolia

15 Oct 1991 Albania

29 Apr 1992 Lithuania

5 May 1992 Georgia

8 May 1992 Kyrgyzstan

19 May 1992 Latvia

21 May 1992 Marshall Islands

26 May 1992 Estonia

28 May 1992 Armenia

29 May 1992 Switzerland

1 Jun 1992 Russia

10 Jul 1992 Belarus

15 Jul 1992 Kazakhstan

12 Aug 1992 Moldova

3 Sep 1992 Ukraine

18 Sep 1992 Azerbaijan

21 Sep 1992 Uzbekistan

22 Sep 1992 Turkmenistan

23 Sep 1992 San Marino

14 Dec 1992 Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia²², Slovenia

1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia

27 Apr 1993 Tajikistan

24 Jun 1993 Federated States of Micronesia

6 Jul 1994 Eritrea

10 Oct 1995 Brunei Darussalam

17 Dec 1997 Palau

20 Dec 2000 Serbia and Montenegro⁴

23 Jul 2002 East Timor²³

18 Jan 2007 Montenegro

29 Jun 2009
Kosovo

24 Jun 2010 Tuvalu

18 Apr 2012 South Sudan

12 Apr 2016 Nauru

¹Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 17 Apr 1980, when the IMF voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.²Czechoslovakia withdrew 31 Dec 1954, rejoined 20 Sep 1990; dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan 1993 membershipsucceededby Czech Republic and Slovakia. ³Poland withdrew 14 Mar 1950, rejoined 12 Jun 1986.⁴Yugoslavia expelled 14 Dec 1992; readmitted 20 Dec 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁵Cuba withdrew 2 Apr 1964.⁶1958-1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. Syria left IMF 16 Jul 1958; on 29 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on27 Oct 1961.⁷from 1972 Sri Lanka.⁸from 1989 Myanmar.⁹Indonesia withdrew 17 Aug 1965, rejoined 21 Feb 1967.¹⁰Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam, succession recognized by IMF executive board 15 Sep 1976; declared ineligible to use IMF funds15 Jan 1985 - 5 Oct 1993. ¹¹from 1963 Malaysia.¹²from 26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.¹³from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.¹⁴from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹⁵from 1975 Benin.¹⁶to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹⁷to 1966 Congo (Léopoldville), 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁸from 2018 Eswatini.¹⁹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) merged 22 May 1990 as Yemen. ²⁰from 1997 Samoa.²¹from 2013 Cabo Verde.²²as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.²³from 2003 Timor-Leste.

Date of Inclusion
IMF also Includes these Special Areas or Dependencies

27 Dec 1945
Hong Kong, Netherlands Antilles²¹

29 Mar 1961 Macau

1 Jan 1986 Aruba

10 Oct 2010 Curaçao, Sint Maarten

²¹dissolved on 10 Oct 2010.

International Organization of the Francophonie (Franophonie) (OIF)

[Agency for Cultural and Technical
Co-operation flag]

ACCT Flag

Agence de la Francophonie Flag

[International Organization of the
Francophonie (OIF) flag]

Francophonie Flag Adopted 31 May 1997

Francophonie website

Headquarters: Paris
(France)

OIF Day: 20 Mar (1970)
International Day of
Francophonie

20 Mar 1970 Agency for Cultural and Technical Co-operation (ACCT) (Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique); enters into force 31 Aug 1970. 4 Dec 1995 Intergovernmental Agency of the Francophonie (Agence Intergouvernementale de la Francphonie). Dec 1998 International Organization of the Francophonie (OIF) (Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie).

Secretaries-general 16 Nov 1997 - 31 Dec 2002 Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) (b. 1922 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2014 Abdou Diouf (Senegal) (b. 1935) 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2018 Michaëlle Jean (f)(Canada) (b. 1957) 1 Jan 2019 - Louise Mushikiwabo (f) (Rwanda) (b. 1961)

Administrators 2 Jan 2006 - 30 Mar 2015 Clément Duhaime (Quebec/Canada) (b. 1953) 1 Apr 2015 - Adama Ouane (Mali) (b. 1948)

Francophonie membership (54)

Date of
Admission Member States and Governments

20 Mar 1970 Belgium, Burundi, Canada, Chad, Dahomey¹, France, Gabon, Ivory Coast², Luxembourg, Madagascar³, Mali⁴, Mauritius, Monaco, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Togo⁵, Tunisia, Upper Volta⁶, Vietnam⁷

1 Aug 1970
Haiti

Oct 1971 Quebec (Canada)

1 Jun 1973 Lebanon

Oct 1973 Central African Republic⁸

1 Jun 1976 Seychelles

Dec 1977 Comoros, Djibouti, New Brunswick (Canada), Zaire⁹

1 Dec 1979 Dominica, Guinea-Bissau¹⁰, New Hebrides¹¹

Mar 1980 French Community (Belgium)¹², Mauritania¹³

1 Dec 1981 Congo (Brazzaville), Guinea¹⁴, Morocco, Saint Lucia

Dec 1983 Egypt

Dec 1989 Equatorial Guinea

Dec 1991 Cameroon¹⁵, Laos¹⁶

Dec 1993 Bulgaria, Cambodia, Romania

1 Feb 1996 Moldova, Switzerland

Dec 1996 Cape Verde¹⁷

30 Nov 1999 Albania, São Tomé and Principe

1 Feb 2001 Macedonia¹⁸

27 Nov 2004 Andorra, Greece

13 Oct 2012
Armenia¹⁹

¹from 1975 Benin.²from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.³Madagascar withdrew 1977, rejoined Dec 1989; suspended 2 Apr 2009 - 28 Mar 2014.⁴Mali suspended 30 Mar 2012 - 6 Nov 2013.⁵Togo suspended 9 Feb - 8 Apr 2005.⁶from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁷Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam.⁸C.A.R. suspended 8 Apr 2013 - 7 Apr 2016.⁹from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).¹⁰Guinea-Bissau suspended 18 Apr 2012 - 27 Jun 2014.¹¹from 1980 Vanuatu. ¹²from 25 May 2011Wallonia-Brussels Federation. ¹³Mauritania suspended 26 Aug 2008 - 14 Dec 2009.¹⁴Guinea suspended 16 Jan 2009 - 12 Jan 2011. ¹⁵Laos associate member 1975 - Dec 1991.¹⁶Cambodia associate member 1972 - Dec 1991.¹⁷from 2013 Cabo Verde.¹⁸from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.¹⁹Armenia associate member 19 Oct 2008 - 13 Oct 2012.

Date of
Admission
Associate Member States and Governments of OIF

29 Sep 2006 Cyprus, Ghana

13 Oct 2012 Qatar

27 Nov 2016 New Caledonia

11 Oct 2018 Kosovo, Serbia, United Arab Emirates

International Olympic Committee (IOC)


Adopted 23 Jun 1914

IOC website Headquarters: Lausanne
(Switzerland) Hear Olympic Anthem
"Olympic Hymn" Text of Hymn
(1896, Adopted 1958) IOC Day: 23 Jun (1894)
Olympic Day

776 BC - 394 AD Era of the ancient Greek Olympic Games. 23 Jun 1894 International Olympic Committee founded. 1916 Games are suspended due to World War I. 1940 Games are suspended due to World War II. 1944 Games are suspended due to World War II. 19 Jul - 1 Aug 1980 Games in Moscow boycotted by the U.S. and allies 28 Jul - 12 Aug 1984 Games in Los Angeles boycotted by Soviet Union and allies. 17 Sep - 2 Oct 1988 Games in Seoul boycotted by Cuba and North Korea.

Presidents 23 Jun 1894 - 8 Apr 1896 Dimítrios Vikélas (Greece) (b. 1835 - d. 1908) 8 Apr 1896 - Dec 1915 Pierre, baron de Coubertin (b. 1863 - d. 1937) (France) (1st time) Dec 1915 - 1919 Godefroy de Blonay (Switzerland) (b. 1869 - d. 1937) (interim) 1919 - 1 Sep 1925 Pierre, baron de Coubertin (s.a.) (France) (2nd time) 1 Sep 1925 - 6 Jan 1942 Henri, comte de Baillet-Latour (b. 1876 - d. 1942) (Belgium) 9 Jan 1942 - 14 Aug 1952 J. Sigfrid Edström (Sweden) (b. 1870 - d. 1964) (acting to 4 Sep 1946) 14 Aug 1952 - 12 Sep 1972 Avery Brundage (U.S.) (b. 1887 - d. 1975) 12 Sep 1972 - 4 Aug 1980 Michael Morris, Baron Killanin (b. 1914 - d. 1999) of Galway (Ireland) 4 Aug 1980 - 20 Jul 2001 Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torelló (b. 1920 - d. 2010) (from 30 Dec 1991, Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torelló, marqués deSamaranch) (Spain) 20 Jul 2001 - 17 Sep 2013 Jacques Rogge (Belgium) (b. 1942) (from 21 Oct 2003, Jacques, graaf Rogge) 17 Sep 2013 - Thomas Bach (Germany) (b. 1953)

IOC membership (206)

Date of IOC
Recognition Recognized National Olympic Committees

23 Jun 1894 France

1894 United States

24 Nov 1894 Greece

1895 Australia¹

Dec 1895 Hungary

13 Dec 1895 Germany²

1900 Russia³

26 Jan 1900 Norway

17 Mar 1900 Bohemia⁴

1904 South Africa⁵

1905 Denmark

24 May 1905 United Kingdom

1906 Belgium

1907 Canada

Dec 1907 Finland

26 Oct 1909 Portugal

1910 Egypt

1911 Turkey

1912 Luxembourg, Serbia⁶

Jul 1912 Japan

17 Jun 1912 Austria

11 Sep 1912 The Netherlands

10 Oct 1912 Switzerland

27 Apr 1913 Sweden

Mar 1914 Romania

1915 Italy

5 Apr 1919 New Zealand¹

12 Oct 1919 Poland

1920 Czechoslovakia⁷,Yugoslavia⁶

1922 China⁸,Ireland

1923 Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay

1924
Bulgaria, Haiti

30 Jan 1924 Spain

1927 India⁹

1928
Southern Rhodesia¹⁰

1929 Philippines

1931 Netherlands Antilles¹¹

1934 Chile

1935 Brazil, Venezuela

11 Jan 1935
Iceland

29 Jul 1935 Liechtenstein

1936 Afghanistan¹², Bermuda,Bolivia, Jamaica, Malta, Peru

1937 Ceylon¹³

1939 Colombia

1947
Burma¹⁴, Guatemala, Iran, Panama, South Korea

1948 British Guiana¹⁵, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Singapore¹⁶, Syria¹⁷, Trinidad¹⁸

1950 Saarland¹⁹, Thailand

29 Aug 1950 West Germany²

7 May 1951 Hong Kong,Nigeria, Soviet Union²⁰

1952 The Bahamas, Gold Coast²¹,Indonesia²², Israel, South Vietnam²³

1953 Monaco

26 May 1954 Costa Rica, Cuba,Ethiopia,Malaya²⁴

20 Sep 1955
Barbados, East Germany²⁵, Fiji, Kenya, Liberia

1956 Honduras, North Borneo²⁶, Uganda

Sep 1957 North Korea, Tunisia

1958 Puerto Rico, Tanganyika²⁷, West Indies Federation²⁸

1959 Albania, Ecuador, Morocco, Nicaragua, San Marino, The Sudan, Suriname

Feb 1960
Chinese Taipei⁸

1961 Cambodia²⁹

1962
Dahomey³⁰, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Mongolia

1963 Cameroon, Ivory Coast³¹,Jordan, Libya, Mali, Nepal,Senegal

1964
Algeria, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Madagascar,Niger,Northern Rhodesia³², Sierra Leone

1965
Central African Republic,Guinea, Saudi Arabia, Togo

1966 Kuwait³³

1967
British Honduras³⁴, U.S. Virgin Islands

1968
Congo (Kinshasa)³⁵,Gabon, Malawi

1970 Paraguay

1972 Lesotho, Mauritius, Somalia, Swaziland³⁶,Upper Volta³⁷

1974 Papua New Guinea

14 May 1975
Andorra

1976 Antigua and Barbuda,Cayman Islands, The Gambia

1979 Bahrain,Cyprus, Laos,Mauritania,Mozambique, Seychelles, Vietnam

1980
Angola, Bangladesh,Botswana,Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Zimbabwe

Sep 1981
Yemen (Aden)³⁸, Yemen (Sana)³⁸

Jun 1982
British Virgin Islands,Oman

1983
Bhutan, Solomon Islands, Western Samoa³⁹

1984 Brunei Darussalam, Djibouti,Equatorial Guinea, Grenada,Rwanda, Tonga

1985 Maldives

1986 Aruba, Cook Islands, Guam

1987 American Samoa, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu

18 Sep 1991 Estonia⁴⁰, Latvia⁴¹, Lithuania⁴²

17 Jun 1991 Namibia

18 Sep 1993 Palestine⁴³

24 Sep 1993 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,Bosnia and Hercegovina,Burundi, Cape Verde⁴⁴, Comoros, Croatia,Czech Republic, Dominica, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia⁴⁵, Moldova,Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Slovakia⁴⁶, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

4 Sep 1994 Nauru

Jun 1995 Guinea-Bissau

6 Sep 1997 Federated States of Micronesia

1998 Eritrea⁴⁷

20 Jun 1999 Palau

9 Jul 2003 Kiribati, Timor-Leste

9 Feb 2006 Marshall Islands

5 Jun 2006 Serbia⁶

6 Jul 2007 Montenegro, Tuvalu

22 Oct 2014 Kosovo⁴⁸

2 Aug 2015 South Sudan

¹Australia and New Zealand competed jointly as Australasia 1907-1919.²Germany membership retracted by IOC 1946-24 Sep 1949;provisional 29 Aug 1950 - May 1951; competed as West Germany1952, 1956-1988; competed jointly with East Germany as United Team of Germany 1956-1964; East and West German NOC's were unified on 17 Nov 1990.³competed as Russian Empire 1900-1912; competed as Soviet Union 1952-1988; from 1993 as Russian Federation; Russia NOC suspended5 Dec 2017 - 28 Feb 2018athletes competed as "Olympic Athletes from Russia" 9-25 Feb 2018.⁴Bohemia from 1918 part of Czechoslovakia. ⁵South Africa suspended 18 Aug 1964 - 9 Jul 1991.⁶from 14 Dec 1919 Yugoslavia; 1992-1995athletescompeted as Independent Olympic Participants; readmitted as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1996; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁷as separate CzechJun 1939-29 Apr 1943 and Slovak 1939-May 1945 committees;Czechoslovakiadissolved 31 Dec 1992. ⁸Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China 1922-26 Nov 1979, when the IOC voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China;in 1952 the IOC decided to recognize the NOC of the Republic of China (Taiwan) but not to invite any Chinese team until the dispute was settled;May 1954 People's Republic of China admitted as China (Democratic) but withdrew 19 Aug 1958;Republic of China competed 1960-1964 as Taiwan and 1968-1972 as Republic of China;from 26 Nov 1979 Republic of China (Taiwan) has competed as Chinese Taipei. ⁹Indian Olympic Committee suspended 4 Dec 2012 - 11 Feb 2014.¹⁰as Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1963-1965;from 1965 Rhodesia; expelled 22 Aug 1972.¹¹Dutch West Indies or Curaçao to 1950;from 1950Netherlands Antilles; dissolved 10 Oct 2010; NOC de-recognized 8 Jul 2011.¹²Afghanistan suspended 2 Oct 1999 - 28 Jun 2003.¹³from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹⁴from 1988 Myanmar.¹⁵from 1966 Guyana.¹⁶Singapore part of Malaysia 16 Sep 1963 - 9 Aug 1965.¹⁷Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria1958-1961; on 29 Sep 1961 Syria left the union and resumed separate membership on13 Oct 1961.¹⁸from 1962 Trinidad and Tobago.¹⁹Saarland from 1957 united with (West) Germany.²⁰Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991,membership succeeded by Russia; competed as the 'Unified Team' in 1992 (of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan).²¹from 1957 Ghana.²²Indonesia suspended 7 Feb 1963 - Apr 1964.²³South Vietnam merged 2 Jul 1976with North Vietnam as Socialist Republic of Vietnam; unified NOC formed 20 Dec 1976 which was not an IOC member until 1979.²⁴from 1963 Malaysia.²⁵East German NOC provisional 1951-65; competed as "United Team of Germany" with West Germany 1956-1964; from 17 Nov 1990 united NOC as Federal Republic of Germany.²⁶North Borneo part of Malaysiafrom 1963.²⁷from 26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964; Tanzania NOC recognized as successor 1968.²⁸West Indies Federation included Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turks and Caicos; dissolved 31 May 1962.²⁹Cambodia recognition retracted 1970's, restored 1994.³⁰from 1975 Benin.³¹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.³²from 1964 Zambia.³³Kuwait suspended 27 Oct 2015 - 16 Aug 2018.³⁴from 1981 Belize.³⁵1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.³⁶from 2018 Eswatini.³⁷from 1984 Burkina Faso.³⁸Yemen (Sana) and Yemen (Aden) united 22 May 1990 as Yemen.³⁹from 1997 Samoa.⁴⁰Estonia former IOC member 8 Dec 1923 - 1940.⁴¹Latvia former IOC member 1923 - 1940. ⁴²Lithuania former IOC member 25 May 1924 - 1940.⁴³NOC for Palestine recognized 15 May 1934 - 1952, but was not a true precursor of the current NOC.⁴⁴from 2013 Cabo Verde.⁴⁵as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia whichon 27 Mar 2019 is recognized by IOC.⁴⁶Slovakia former IOC member 1939 - May 1945.⁴⁷Eritrea provisional to 20 Jun 1999.⁴⁸Kosovo provisional to 9 Dec 2014.

Note:In 1929 the decision was taken by the IOC that only countries with a recognized National Olympic Committee (NOC) would be allowed to compete at the Olympic Games. Starting in 1947, the Official Bulletin of the IOC mentions the countries whose NOC's are recognized by the IOC.Following an amendment to the Olympic Charter on 18 Jul 1996, NOC recognition can only be granted after recognition as an independent country by the international community.

Games of the Summer Olympics

Date of Games Olympiad Host City Nations
Competing Sports Events

6 Apr 1896 - 15 Apr 1896 I Athens (Greece) 13 9 43

20 May 1900 - 28 Oct 1900 II Paris (France) 22 17 85

1 Jul 1904 - 23 Nov 1904 III St. Louis (U.S.) 13 14 96

22 Apr 1906 - 2 May 1906 - Athens (Greece)¹ 20 11 -

27 Apr 1908 - 31 Oct 1908 IV London (U.K.) 22 21 110

5 May 1912 - 22 Jul 1912 V Stockholm (Sweden) 28 13 102

1916 canceled due to war VI Berlin (Germany); latergiven to Stockholm (Sweden)
- - -

20 Apr 1920 - 12 Sep 1920 VII Antwerp (Belgium) 29 21 152

4 May 1924 - 27 Jul 1924 VIII Paris (France) 45 17 126

17 May 1928 - 12 Aug 1928 IX Amsterdam (Netherlands) 46 14 109

30 Jul 1932 - 14 Aug 1932 X Los Angeles (U.S.) 37 14 117

1 Aug 1936 - 16 Aug 1936 XI Berlin (Germany) 49 19 129

21 Sep 1940 - 6 Oct 1940; 20 Jul 1940 - 4 Aug 1940 canceled due to war
XII Tokyo (Japan); later awardedto Helsinki (Finland) - - -

1944 canceled due to war XIII London (U.K.) - - -

29 Jul 1948 - 14 Aug 1948 XIV London (U.K.) 59 17 136

19 Jul 1952 - 3 Aug 1952 XV Helsinki (Finland) 69 17 149

22 Nov 1956 - 8 Dec 1956 XVI Melbourne (Australia)² 67 16 145

25 Aug 1960 - 11 Sep 1960 XVII Rome (Italy) 83 17 150

10 Oct 1964 - 24 Oct 1964 XVIII Tokyo (Japan) 93 19 163

12 Oct 1968 - 27 Oct 1968 XIX Mexico City (Mexico) 112 18 172

26 Aug 1972 - 10 Sep 1972 XX Munich (West Germany) 122 21 195

17 Jul 1976 - 1 Aug 1976 XXI Montreal (Canada) 93 21 198

19 Jul 1980 - 1 Aug 1980 XXII Moscow (Soviet Union) 81 21 203

28 Jul 1984 - 12 Aug 1984 XXIII Los Angeles (U.S.) 140 21 221

17 Sep 1988 - 2 Oct 1988 XXIV Seoul (South Korea) 160 23 237

25 Jul 1992 - 9 Aug 1992 XXV Barcelona (Spain) 171 25 257

19 Jul 1996 - 4 Aug 1996 XXVI Atlanta (U.S.) 197 26 271

15 Sep 2000 - 1 Oct 2000 XXVII Sydney (Australia) 199 28 299

13 Aug 2004 - 29 Aug 2004 XXVIII Athens (Greece) 202 28 296

8 Aug 2008 - 24 Aug 2008 XXIX Beijing (China)³ 204 28 302

27 Jul 2012 - 12 Aug 2012 XXX London (U.K.) 204 26 302

5 Aug 2016 - 21 Aug 2016 XXXI Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 206
28
306

24 Jul 2020 - 9 Aug 2020

23 Jul 2021 - 8 Aug 2021
XXXII Tokyo (Japan)⁴ 206* 33 339

2 Aug 2024-18 Aug 2024 XXXIII Paris (France) 207* 28* 319*

21 Jul 2028 - 6 Aug 2028 XXXIV Los Angeles (U.S.) 207* 28* 306*

¹these were special games and are not counted as an official Olympiad.²due to Australian quarantine laws the equestrian competitions were held in Stockholm, Sweden 10 - 17 Jun 1956, 29 nations competing in this one event held in six competitions.³equestrian competitions were heldin Hong Kong, China 9 - 21 Aug 2008, 41 nations competing in this one event held in six competitions.⁴the games of theXXXII Olympiad in 2020 were postponed to 2021 due to the global Covid-19 pandemic. *tentative

Games of the Winter Olympics

Date of Games Games Host City Nations
Competing Sports Events

24 Jan 1924 - 5 Feb 1924 I Chamonix (France) 16 5 14

11 Feb 1928 - 19 Feb 1928 II St. Moritz (Switzerland) 25 6 14

4 Feb 1940 - 15 Feb 1932 III Lake Placid (U.S.) 15 5 14

6 Feb 1936 - 16 Feb 1936 IV Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) 28 6 16

3 Feb 1940 - 12 Feb 1940; 2 Feb 1940 - 11 Feb 1940
Canceled due to war

- Sapporo (Japan), later awarded toSt. Moritz (Switzerland), finallyGarmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany)
- - -

Feb 1944 Cancelled due to war
- Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italy) - - -

30 Feb 1948 - 8 Feb 1948 V St. Moritz (Switzerland) 28 7 22

14 Feb 1952 - 25 Feb 1952 VI Oslo (Norway) 22 6 22

26 Feb 1956 - 5 Feb 1956 VII Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italy) 32 6 24

18 Feb 1960 - 28 Feb 1960 VIII Squaw Valley (U.S.) 30 6 27

29 Feb 1964 - 9 Feb 1964 IX Innsbruck (Austria) 36 8 34

4 Feb 1968 - 18 Feb 1968 X Grenoble (France) 37 8 35

3 Feb 1972 - 13 Feb 1972 XI Sapporo (Japan) 35 8 35

4 Feb 1976 - 15 Feb 1976 XII Innsburck (Austria) 37 8 37

12 Feb 1980 - 24 Feb 1980 XIII Lake Placid (U.S.) 37 8 38

7 Feb 1984 - 19 Feb 1984 XIV Sarajevo (Yugoslavia) 49 8 39

13 Feb 1988 - 28 Feb 1988 XV Calgary (Canada) 57 8 46

8 Feb 1992 - 23 Feb 1992 XVI Albertville (France) 64 10 57

12 Feb 1994 - 27 Feb 1994 XVII Lillehammer (Norway) 67 10 61

7 Feb 1998 - 22 Feb 1998 XVIII Nagano (Japan) 72 7 68

8 Feb 2002 - 24 Feb 2002 XIX Salt Lake City (U.S.) 77 8 78

10 Feb 2006 - 26 Feb 2006 XX Turin (Italy) 80 7 84

12 Feb 2010 - 28 Feb 2010 XXI Vancouver (Canada) 82 7 86

7 Feb 2014 - 23 Feb 2014 XXII Sochi (Russia) 88 7 98

9 Feb 2018 - 25 Feb 2018 XXIII PyeongChang (South Korea) 92 7 102

4 Feb 2022 - 20 Feb 2022 XXIV Beijing (China) 95* 7
109

6 Feb 2026- 22 Feb 2026 XXV Milan-Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italy) - - -

*tentative

International Organization of Space Communications (Intersputnik)

[International
Organization of Space Communications
(Intersputnik) flag]
Adopted 1971

Intersputnik website

Headquarters: Moscow
(Russia)

15 Nov 1971 International Organization and System of Space Communications (Intersputnik)(effective 12 Jul 1972).20 Sep 1976 International Organization of Space Communications(Intersputnik) Dec 2005 IntersputnikHoldings Ltd. created as a private company under the supervision of the organization.Directors-general1972 - 1983 Yuriy Ivanovich Krupin (b. 1927) (Soviet Union)1983 - 1988 Spartak Petrovich Kurilov (b. 1936) (Soviet Union) 1988 - 1992 Boris Ivanovich Chirkov (Soviet Union) 1992 - 2005 Gennadiy Georgiyevich Kudryavtsev (b. 1941) (Russia)15 Apr 2005 - Vadim Yevgenyevich Belov (Russia) (b. 1958)

Intersputnik members (26)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`12 Jul 1972`	`Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia¹, East Germany², Hungary, Mongolia, Soviet Union³`
`21 Sep 1972`	`Romania`
`20 Oct 1972`	`Poland`
`29 Nov 1972`	`Cuba`
`23 Aug 1979`	`Vietnam`
`6 May 1980`	`Yemen (Aden)⁴`
`26 Oct 1980`	`Afghanistan`
`11 Nov 1980`	`Laos`
`25 Nov 1983`	`North Korea`
`21 Sep 1987`	`Nicaragua`
`12 Feb 1991`	`Syria`
`29 Nov 1992`	`Kazakhstan`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic`
`11 Mar 1993`	`Georgia`
`2 Aug 1993`	`Belarus`
`18 Oct 1993`	`Turkmenistan`
`13 May 1994`	`Tajikistan`
`18 May 1994`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`12 Sep 1997`	`Ukraine`
`13 Mar 2000`	`India`
`6 Sep 2004`	`Azerbaijan`
`24 Apr 2012`	`Somalia`
`¹Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan 1993 membership replaced by Czech Republic.²Germany on 3 Oct 1990 assumed from the East German government membership in the organization.³Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.⁴from 1990 Yemen.`

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

IOM website Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

5 Dec 1951 Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe. 15 Dec 1952 Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM). 20 Nov 1980 Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM). 14 Nov 1989 International Organization for Migration (IOM). 19 Sep 2016 IOMa specialized agency of the United Nations.

Directors-general 10 Jun 1952 - 12 Dec 1954 Hugh S. Gibson (U.S.) (b. 1883 - d. 1954) 3 May 1955 - 13 May 1958 Harold H. Tittman, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1893 - d. 1980) 14 May 1958 - 3 Oct 1961 Marcus Daly (U.S.) (b. 1908 - d. 1969) 27 Oct 1961 - 8 Feb 1969 Bastiaan W. Haveman (Netherlands) (b. 1903 - d. 1979) 14 Feb 1969 - 28 Feb 1979 John F. Thomas (U.S.) (b. 1907 - d. 2002) 1 Mar 1979 - 30 Sep 1988 James L. Carlin (U.S.) (b. 1921 - d. 2007) 1 Oct 1988 - 30 Sep 1988 James N. Purcell, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1938) 1 Oct 1998 - 30 Sep 2008 Brunson McKinley (U.S.) (b. 1943) 1 Oct 2008 - 30 Sep 2018 William Lacy Swing (U.S.) (b. 1934) 1 Oct 2018 - António Manuel de Carvalho (b. 1957) Ferreira Vitorino (Portugal)

IOM membership (173)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`30 Nov 1954`	`Argentina, Australia¹, Austria, Canada², Chile, Denmark, (West) Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Paraguay, Sweden³, Switzerland, United States`
`29 Mar 1955`	`Costa Rica`
`27 Apr 1955`	`Belgium, New Zealand⁴, Rhodesia and Nyasaland⁵`
`9 Sep 1955`	`France⁶`
`19 Sep 1955`	`Colombia`
`28 Nov 1955`	`Venezuela⁷`
`25 May 1956`	`Spain⁸`
`18 Jul 1956`	`Luxembourg`
`1 Oct 1956`	`South Africa⁹`
`13 Nov 1958`	`Panama`
`12 Nov 1959`	`Ecuador`
`1 Dec 1960`	`Bolivia`
`11 May 1961`	`United Kingdom¹⁰`
`12 Nov 1962`	`Malta¹¹`
`3 May 1965`	`Uruguay`
`14 Nov 1966`	`Peru`
`13 Nov 1967`	`Honduras, Nicaragua`
`25 Nov 1968`	`Dominican Republic, El Salvador`
`28 May 1974`	`Cyprus`
`17 Nov 1975`	`Portugal`
`24 May 1985`	`Kenya`
`28 May 1986`	`Thailand`
`25 Nov 1986`	`Guatemala`
`29 Nov 1988`	`Philippines, South Korea`
`27 Nov 1990`	`Bangladesh, Sri Lanka`
`26 Nov 1991`	`Angola, Egypt, Finland, Hungary`
`27 May 1992`	`Uganda, Zambia`
`24 Nov 1992`	`Pakistan, Poland`
`26 May 1993`	`Albania`
`23 Nov 1993`	`Armenia, Croatia, Japan`
`29 Nov 1994`	`Bulgaria, Senegal, Tajikistan`
`28 Nov 1995`	`Czech Republic, Haiti, Liberia, Slovakia`
`28 May 1998`	`Mali`
`23 Nov 1998`	`Guinea-Bissau, Lithuania, Morocco, Romania, The Sudan, Tanzania`
`3 Jun 1999`	`Tunisia, Yemen`
`30 Nov 1999`	`Jordan, Latvia`
`7 Jun 2000`	`Algeria, Belize, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea`
`28 Nov 2000`	`Benin, Kyrgyzstan, Slovenia`
`7 Jun 2001`	`Azerbaijan, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), The Gambia, Georgia, Sierra Leone`
`27 Nov 2001`	`Cape Verde¹², Iran, Madagascar, Serbia and Montenegro¹³, Ukraine`
`5 Jun 2002`	`Ireland, Mexico`
`2 Dec 2002`	`Cambodia, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Rwanda, Zimbabwe`
`13 Jun 2003`	`Mauritania, Moldova`
`4 Jun 2004`	`Afghanistan, Libya, Niger`
`30 Nov 2004`	`The Bahamas, Brazil, Estonia, Turkey`
`9 Jun 2005`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina, Gabon, Jamaica`
`29 Nov 2005`	`Belarus, Cameroon, Ghana, Togo`
`8 Jun 2006`	`Mauritius`
`28 Nov 2006`	`Montenegro, Nepal`
`27 Nov 2007`	`Burundi, Vietnam`
`18 Jun 2008`	`India, Mongolia, Somalia`
`29 Jun 2009`	`Namibia, Trinidad and Tobago`
`29 Nov 2010`	`Botswana, Central African Republic,Lesotho, Swaziland¹⁴, Timor-Leste`
`5 Dec 2011`	`Antigua and Barbuda, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Guyana, Holy See, Maldives,Federated States of Micronesia, Mozambique, Nauru, South Sudan, Seychelles, Vanuatu`
`27 Nov 2012`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`29 Nov 2012`	`Myanmar, Papua New Guinea`
`17 Jun 2013`	`Malawi, Suriname`
`26 Nov 2013`	`Fiji, Iceland, Marshall Islands, Turkmenistan`
`19 Jun 2014`	`Macedonia¹⁵`
`25` `Nov 2014`	`Samoa`
`23 Nov 2015`	`Eritrea, Kiribati, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, São Tomé and Príncipe`
`30 Jun 2016`	`China, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu`
`5 Dec 2016`	`Tonga`
`28 Nov 2017`	`Cook Islands, Cuba`
`1 Dec 2017`	`Dominica`
`29 Jun 2018`	`Laos, Grenada, Palau`
`27 Nov 2018`	`Uzbekistan`
`¹Australia withdrew 31 Dec 1973, rejoined 24 May 1985. ²Canada withdrew 31 Dec 1962, rejoined 23 May 1990.³Sweden withdrew 31 Dec 1961, rejoined 1 Jul 1991. ⁴New Zealand withdrew 31 Dec 1967, rejoined 13 Jun 2003.⁵Rhodesia and Nyasaland dissolved to 31 Dec 1963; succeeded by Southern Rhodesia, expelled 1965.` `⁶France withdrew 31 Dec 1966, rejoined 27 May 1992.⁷Venezuela withdrew 31 Dec 1967, rejoined 4 Dec 1973.⁸Spain withdrew 31 Dec 1977, rejoined 8 Jun 2006.⁹South Africa withdrew 31 Dec 1980, rejoined 25 Nov 1997.¹⁰U.K. withdrew 31 Dec 1968, rejoined 7 Jun 2001. ¹¹Malta withdrew 31 Dec 1981, rejoined 18 Nov 2003.¹²from 2013 Cabo Verde.¹³from 5 Jun 2006succeeded by Serbia.¹⁴from 2018 Eswatini.¹⁵as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.`

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

[International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) flag]

ISO website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

ISO Day: 14 Oct (1946)
World Standards Day

14 Oct 1946 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) founded. 23 Feb 1947 ISO begins operations.Secretaries-general Jun 1947 - 1965 Henry St. Leger (U.S.)1965 - 1966 Roger Maréchal (France) + Philippe Rambal (Switzerland) (acting) 1966 - 1968 Charles Sharpston (U.K.) (b. 1916 - d. 2003) Sep 1968 - Apr 1986 Carl Olof "Olle" Sturén(Sweden) (b. 1919 - d. 2003) 1 May 1986 - 21 Mar 2002 Lawrence "Larry" D. Eicher (U.S.) (b. 1938 - d. 2002) 21 Mar 2002 - 28 Feb 2003 Christian J. Favre (Switzerland) (acting to 1 May 2002, then interim) 1 Mar 2003 - 1 Jan 2009 Alan Bryden (France) (b. 1945) 1 Jan 2009 - 31 Jul 2015 Robert Steele (New Zealand) 1 Aug 2015 - 30 Apr 2017 Kevin A. McKinley (Canada) (acting)(b. 1963) 1 May 2017 - 17 Jul 2017 Nicolas Fleury (Switzerland)(acting) 17 Jul 2017 - Sergio Mújica (Chile) Presidents 1947 - 1949 Howard Coonley (U.S.) (b. 1876 - d. 1966) 1950 - 1952 Albert Caquot (France) (b. 1881 - d. 1976) 1953 - 1955 Hilding Törnebohm (Sweden) (b. 1891 - d. 1970) 1956 - 1958 Sir Roger Duncalfe (U.K.) (b. 1884 - d. 1961) 1959 - 1961 Edvard Wegelius (Finland) (b. 1903 - d. 1993) 1962 - 1964 Andrey Yerofeyevich Vyatkin (b. 1903 - d. 1970) (Soviet Union) 1965 - 1967 Sir Jehangir J. Ghandhy (India) (b. 1896 - d. 1972) Jan 1968 - Dec 1970 Faruk A. Sünter(Turkey) (b. 1905 - d. ....) 1971 - 1973 Francis "Frank" LaQue(U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 1988) 1974 - 1976 Ake T. Vrethem (Sweden) (b. 1912 - d. 1984) 1977 - 1979 Vasiliy Vasilyevich Boytsov (b. 1908 - d. 1989) (Soviet Union) 1979 - 1982 Henri Durand (France) (b. 1912 - d. 199.) 1983 - 1985 Dayanand ChandulalKothari (India) (b. 1914 - d. 1992) 1986 - 1988 Isamu Yamashita (Japan) (b. 1911 - d. 1994) 1989 - 1991 Roy A. Phillips (Canada) (b. 1918 - d. 2012) 1992 - 1994 John A. Hinds (U.S.) (b. 1936 - d. 2017) 1995 - 1996 Eberhard Möllmann (Germany) (b. 1931 - d. 2012) 1997 - 1998 Liew Mun Leong (Singapore) (b. 1946) 1999 - 2000 Giacomo Elias (Italy) (b. 1937 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2002 Mário Gilberto Cortopassi (Brazil) (b. 1938) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2004 Oliver Reed Smoot, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1940) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2006 Masami Tanaka (Japan) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2008 Håkan Birger Murby (Sweden) (b. 1940) 1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2010 Alan Morrison (Australia) 1 Jan 2011 -31 Dec 2012 Boris Sergeyevich Aleshin (b. 1955) (Russia) 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2014 Terry Hill (U.K.) (b. 1948) 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2017 Zhang Xiaogang (China) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2018 - 31 Dec 2019 John Walter (Canada) (b. c.1952) 1 Jan 2020 - Edward "Eddy" W. Njoroge (Kenya) (b. 1952)

International Refugee Organization (IRO)

Headquarters: Paris
(France)

15 Dec 1946 Constitution of the International Refugee Organization approved by the United Nations. 20 Aug 1948 International Refugee Organization established as specialized agency of the United Nations. 15 Feb 1952 Dissolved, replaced by the Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Directors-general(all from U.S.)18 Jul 1947 - 31 Jul 1949 William Hallam Tuck (b. 1890 - d. 1966) (executive secretary to 20 Apr 1948)31 Jul 1949 - 1 Jan 1952 J. Donald Kingsley (b. 1908 - d. 1972)

IRO membership (26)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`20 Aug 1948`	`Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Dominican Republic, France, Guatemala, Honduras, Iceland, Italy, Liberia, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Peru, The Philippines, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela`

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

2009 - 5 Apr 2011

[International Renewable
Energy Agency (IRENA) flag]

Adopted 5 Apr 2011

IRENA website

Headquarters: Masdar City
(United Arab Emirates)
(Abu Dhabi, UAE 2011-2015)

26 Jan 2009 Preparatory Commission for International Renewable Energy Agency 4 Apr 2011 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Directors-general 30 Jun 2009 - 21 Oct 2010 Hélène Pelosse (f)(France)(interim)(b. 1970) 21 Oct 2010 - 4 Apr 2019 Adnan Z. Amin (Kenya) (b. 1957) (interim to 4 Apr 2011) 4 Apr 2019 - Francesco La Camera (Italy)
IRENA membership (161)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`4 Apr 2011`	`Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Australia, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cape Verde¹, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Eritrea, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Iceland, India, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia², Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nauru, The Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Palau, Poland, Romania, Samoa, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,South Africa,South Korea,Spain, Sri Lanka, Swaziland³, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, United Arab Emirates, United States`
`24 Apr 2011`	`Mauritius,` `Sierra Leone`
`28 Apr 2011`	`Mozambique`
`29 Apr 2011`	`Qatar`
`1 May 2011`	`New Zealand`
`19 May 2011`	`Malta`
`20 May 2011`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`2 Jun 2011`	`Seychelles`
`11 Jun 2011`	`Djibouti`
`18 Jun 2011`	`The Sudan`
`30 Jun 2011`	`Czech Republic`
`10 Jul 2011`	`The Philippines`
`15 Jul 2011`	`Grenada`
`24 Jul 2011`	`Croatia`
`30 Jul 2011`	`Portugal`
`3 Aug 2011`	`Moldova`
`20 Aug 2011`	`Cameroon`
`28 Aug 2011`	`Uruguay`
`17 Sep 2011`	`Tunisia`
`8 Oct 2011`	`Togo`
`14 Jan 2012`	`Angola`
`15 Jan 2012`	`Panama`
`29 Jan 2012`	`Saudi Arabia`
`27 Feb 2012`	`Belarus`
`10 Mar 2012`	`Ethiopia`
`25 Feb 2012`	`Greece`
`23 Mar 2012`	`Yemen`
`1 Apr 2012`	`Turkey`
`12 Apr 2012`	`Mauritania`
`29 Apr 2012`	`Cuba`
`10 May 2012`	`United Kingdom`
`17 May 2012`	`Uganda`
`8 Jun 2012`	`Algeria`
`20 Jun 2012`	`Bahrain`
`24 Jun 2012`	`Rwanda`
`30 Jun 2012`	`Estonia`
`11 Jul 2012`	`Egypt`
`25 Oct 2012`	`Italy`
`9 Nov 2012`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`21 Nov 2012`	`Benin`
`30 Dec 2012`	`Iraq`
`27 Jan 2013`	`Belize`
`12 Feb 2013`	`Tuvalu`
`1 Mar 2013`	`Vanuatu`
`4 Mar 2013`	`Singapore`
`23 Mar 2013`	`Iran`
`23 May 2013`	`Kiribati`
`15 Jun 2013`	`Argentina`
`20 Jun 2013`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`22 Jun 2013`	`Zambia`
`23 Jun 2013`	`Pakistan`
`5 Jul 2013`	`Kazakhstan`
`25 Jul 2013`	`Burkina Faso`
`4 Aug 2013`	`Solomon Islands`
`16 Aug 2013`	`Tajikistan`
`16 Oct 2013`	`Côte d'Ivoire`
`21 Nov 2013`	`Peru`
`13 Dec 2013`	`Somalia`
`28 Dec 2013`	`Namibia`
`2 Jan 2014`	`China`
`16 Jan 2014`	`Belgium`
`6 Feb 2014`	`Ghana`
`13 Feb 2014`	`Guyana`
`15 Feb 2014`	`Trinidad and Tobago`
`27 Feb 2014`	`Jamaica`
`8 Mar 2014`	`Kuwait`
`3 May 2014`	`The Bahamas`
`11 Jul 2014`	`Azerbaijan`
`2 Aug 2014`	`Jordan`
`7 Sep 2014`	`Indonesia`
`17 Sep 2014`	`Zimbabwe`
`25 Sep 2014`	`Barbados`
`1 Nov 2014`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`23 Nov 2014`	`Federated States of Micronesia`
`15 Jan 2015`	`Hungary`
`7 Feb 2015`	`Colombia`
`11 Jun 2015`	`Gabon`
`9` `Jul 2015`	`Ireland`
`22 Jul 2015`	`Russia`
`9 Nov 2015`	`Comoros`
`24 Dec 2015`	`Morocco`
`31 Mar 2016`	`St. Lucia`
`30 Apr 2016`	`Thailand`
`1 Jun 2016`	`Bhutan`
`23 Jun 2016`	`Botswana`
`19 Aug 2016`	`Afghanistan`
`21 Jun2017`	`El Salvador`
`24 Aug 2017`	`Uzbekistan`
`4 Nov 2017`	`Lebanon`
`14 Dec 2017`	`Nepal`
`24 Feb 2018`	`Ukraine`
`2 Mar 2018`	`Paraguay`
`23 May 2018`	`Chad`
`17 Jun` `2018`	`Costa Rica`
`4 Oct 2018`	`Turkmenistan`
`9 Jan 2019`	`Canada`
`28 Dec 2019`	`Guinea`
`¹from 2013 Cabo Verde.²as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.³from 2018 Eswatini.`

International Seabed Authority (ISA)

[International Seabed
Authority (ISA)]
Adopted 14 Aug 2002

ISA website

Headquarters: Kingston
(Jamaica)

10 Nov 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS) signed.16 Nov 1994 International Seabed Authority (ISA) created by ratification of the Law of the Sea Convention. 21 Mar 1996 Secretariatestablished. Secretaries-general 21 Mar 1996 - 31 Dec 2008 Satya N. Nandan (Fiji) (b. 1936) 1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2016 Nii Allotey Odunton (Ghana) (b. 1951) 1 Jan 2017 - Michael W. Lodge (U.K.)
ISA membership (168)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`16 Nov 1994`	`Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde¹, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Fiji, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland, Indonesia, Iraq, Jamaica, Kenya, Kuwait, Macedonia², Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico,` `Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Paraguay, Philippines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Sri Lanka, The Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire³, Zambia, Zimbabwe`
`17 Nov 1994`	`Singapore`
`12 Dec 1994`	`Sierra Leone`
`5 Jan 1995`	`Lebanon`
`13 Jan 1995`	`Italy`
`15 Feb 1995`	`Cook Islands`
`5 Apr 1995`	`Croatia`
`28 Apr 1995`	`Bolivia`
`16 Jun 1995`	`Slovenia`
`29 Jun 1995`	`India`
`14 Jul 1995`	`Austria`
`21 Jul 1995`	`Greece`
`2 Aug 1995`	`Tonga`
`14 Aug 1995`	`Western Samoa³`
`27 Nov 1995`	`Jordan`
`1 Dec 1995`	`Argentina`
`23 Jan 1996`	`Nauru`
`29 Jan 1996`	`South Korea`
`20 Mar 1996`	`Monaco`
`21 Mar 1996`	`Georgia`
`11 Apr 1996`	`France`
`24 Apr 1996`	`Saudia Arabia`
`8 May 1996`	`Slovakia`
`15 May 1996`	`Bulgaria`
`21 May 1996`	`Myanmar`
`7 Jun 1996`	`China`
`11 Jun 1996`	`Algeria`
`20 Jun 1996`	`Japan`
`21 Jun 1996`	`Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland`
`24 Jun 1996`	`Norway`
`25 Jun 1996`	`Sweden`
`28 Jun 1996`	`The Netherlands`
`1 Jul 1996`	`Panama`
`17 Jul 1996`	`Mauritania`
`19 Jul 1996`	`New Zealand`
`31 Jul 1996`	`Haiti`
`13 Aug 1996`	`Mongolia`
`30 Sep 1996`	`Palau`
`14 Oct 1996`	`Malaysia`
`5 Nov 1996`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`17 Dec 1996`	`Romania`
`14 Jan 1997`	`Papua New Guinea`
`15 Jan 1997`	`Spain`
`11 Feb 1997`	`Guatemala`
`26 Feb 1997`	`Pakistan`
`12 Mar 1997`	`Russia`
`13 Mar 1997`	`Mozambique`
`23 Jun 1997`	`Solomon Islands`
`21 Jul 1997`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`25 Jul 1995`	`United Kingdom`
`25 Aug 1997`	`Chile`
`16 Oct 1997`	`Benin`
`3 Nov 1997`	`Portugal`
`23 Dec 1997`	`South Africa`
`11 Mar 1998`	`Gabon`
`1 Apr 1998`	`European Union`
`5 Jun 1998`	`Laos`
`9 Jul 1998`	`Suriname`
`2 Nov 1998`	`Nepal`
`13 Nov 1998`	`Belgium, Poland`
`26 Jul 1999`	`Ukraine`
`10 Aug 1999`	`Vanuatu`
`3 May 2000`	`Nicaragua`
`7 Sep 2000`	`Maldives`
`5 Oct 2000`	`Luxembourg`
`12 Mar 2001`	`Yugoslavia⁴`
`27 Jul 2001`	`Bangladesh`
`22 Aug 2001`	`Madagascar`
`5 Feb 2002`	`Hungary`
`9 Dec 2002`	`Armenia, Qatar, Tuvalu`
`24 Feb 2003`	`Kiribati`
`23 Jun 2003`	`Albania`
`7 Nov 2003`	`Canada`
`12 Nov 2003`	`Lithuania`
`16 Nov 2004`	`Denmark`
`23 Dec 2004`	`Latvia`
`25 Jan 2005`	`Burkina Faso`
`26 Aug 2005`	`Estonia`
`30 Aug 2006`	`Belarus`
`11 Oct 2006`	`Niue`
`23 Oct 2006`	`Montenegro`
`6 Feb 2007`	`Moldova`
`31 May 2007`	`Lesotho, Morocco`
`9 Jul 2008`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`25 Sep 2008`	`Liberia`
`13 Feb 2009`	`Netherlands Antilles⁶`
`1 May 2009`	`Switzerland`
`10 Jul 2009`	`Dominican Republic`
`14 Aug 2009`	`Chad`
`28 Sep 2010`	`Malawi`
`15 May 2011`	`Thailand`
`24 Sep 2012`	`Ecuador, Swaziland⁷`
`8 Jan 2013`	`Timor-Leste`
`7 Aug 2013`	`Niger`
`2 Jan 2015`	`Palestine`
`16 Jun 2016`	`Azerbaijan`
`¹from 2013 Cabo Verde.²as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.³from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).⁴from 1997 Samoa.⁵from 4 Feb 2003 Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁶Netherlands Antilles dissolved 10 Oct 2010.⁷from 2018 Eswatini.`

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

[International
Telecommunications Union (ITU) flag]

Adopted 1947

[Alternate International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) flag]

Alternate ITU Flag

ITU website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland) (Bern,
Switzerland 1865-1948)

ITU Day: 17 May (1865)
World Telecommunication Day

17 May 1865 International Telegraph Union founded. 1 Jan 1934 International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 15 Nov 1947 ITU a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Directors 1 Jan 1869 - 24 May 1872 Louis Curchod (Switzerland) (b. 1826 - d. 1889) (1st time) 24 May 1872 - 12 Jan 1873 Karl Lendi (Switzerland) (b. 1825 - d. 1873) 23 Feb 1873 - 18 Oct 1889 Louis Curchod (Switzerland) (s.a.) (2nd time) 25 Feb 1890 - 28 Jun 1890 August Frey (Switzerland) (b. 1831 - d. 1890) 25 Nov 1890 - 11 Feb 1897 Timotheus Rothen (Switzerland) (b. 1830 - d. 1897) 11 Mar 1897 - 1 Aug 1921 Emil Frey (Switzerland) (b. 1838 - d. 1922) 2 Aug 1921 - 16 Dec 1927 Henri Étienne (Switzerland) (b. 1862 - d. 1927) 1 Feb 1928 - 30 Oct 1934 Joseph Räber (Switzerland) (b. 1872 - d. 1934) 1 Jan 1935 - 31 Dec 1949 Franz von Ernst (Switzerland) (b. 1879 - d. 1957) Secretaries-general 1 Jan 1950 - 31 Dec 1953 Léon Mulatier (France) (b. 1887 - d. 1981) 1 Jan 1954 - 18 Jun 1958 Marco Aurelio Andrada (Argentina) (b. 1904 - d. 1958) 18 Jun 1958 - 29 Oct 1965 Gerald C. Gross (U.S.) (b. 1903 - d. 1971) (acting to 1 Jan 1960) 30 Oct 1965 - 19 Feb 1967 Manohar Balaji Sarwate (India) (b. 1910 - d. 1967) 20 Feb 1967 - 31 Dec 1982 Mohamed Ezzedine Mili (Tunisia) (b. 1917 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 1983 - 31 Oct 1989 Richard E. Butler (Australia) (b. 1926 - d. 2012) 1 Nov 1989 - 31 Jan 1999 Pekka Tarjanne (Finland) (b. 1937 - d. 2010) 1 Feb 1999 - 31 Dec 2006 Yoshio Utsumi (Japan) (b. 1942) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2014 Hamadoun Touré (Mali) (b. 1953) 1 Jan 2015 - Zhao Houlin (China) (b. 1950)

ITU membership (193)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

1 Jan 1866 Austria, Baden¹, Bavaria¹, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece,Hamburg¹,Hanover¹, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Prussia¹, Russia²,Saxony¹, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey³, Württemberg¹

9 Feb 1866 Serbia⁴, Romania

2 Mar 1866 Luxembourg

1 Jan 1869 India, Persia⁵

1 Jan 1871 Germany

24 Feb 1871 United Kingdom

9 Dec 1876 Egypt

4 Jul 1877 Brazil

27 May 1878 Australia

3 Jun 1878 New Zealand

29 Jan 1879 Japan

18 Sep 1880 Bulgaria

21 Apr 1883 Siam⁶

1 Jan 1889 Argentina

1 Jan 1897 Ceylon⁷

1 Jul 1902 Crete⁸, Uruguay

1 Oct 1906 Iceland

1 Jun 1907 Bolivia

1 Jan 1908 Chile

1 Jul 1908 Canada, Mexico, Monaco, United States

1 Jan 1910 South Africa⁹

25 May 1912 Philippines

10 Jul 1914 Guatemala

14 Jul 1914 Panama

25 Aug 1914 Colombia

12 Jul 1915 Peru

16 Jan 1918 Cuba

10 Jan 1920 Czechoslovakia¹⁰

17 Apr 1920 Ecuador

13 Aug 1920 Venezuela

1 Sep 1920 China¹¹, Finland, Saarland¹²

1 Jan 1921 Poland

1 Apr 1922 Danzig¹³

2 Jun 1922 Albania

8 Dec 1923 Ireland

12 Jan 1924 Lebanon, Syria¹⁴

27 Oct 1925 Honduras

12 May 1926 Nicaragua

11 Jul 1926 Dominican Republic

27 Sep 1927 Paraguay

10 Oct 1927 Haiti, Liberia

12 Oct 1927 El Salvador

12 Apr 1928 Afghanistan

12 Nov 1928 Iraq

1 Jun 1929 Vatican City

1 Jan 1931 Yemen (Sana)¹⁵

20 Feb 1932 Ethiopia

13 Sep 1932 Costa Rica

15 Sep 1937 Burma¹⁶

7 May 1947 Byelorussian S.S.R.¹⁷, Ukrainian S.S.R.¹⁸

20 May 1947 Jordan¹⁹

26 Aug 1947 Pakistan

24 Jun 1948 Israel

1 Jan 1949 Indonesia

7 Feb 1949 Saudi Arabia

24 Sep 1951 South Vietnam²⁰

31 Jan 1952 South Korea

3 Apr 1952 Laos

10 Apr 1952 Cambodia

3 Feb 1953 Libya

1 Nov 1956 Morocco

14 Dec 1956 Tunisia

17 May 1957 Ghana

23 Oct 1957 The Sudan

5 Dec 1957 Nepal

3 Feb 1958 Malaya²¹

9 Mar 1959 Guinea

14 Aug 1959 Kuwait

21 Oct 1960 Mali

14 Nov 1960 Niger

15 Nov 1960 Senegal

25 Nov 1960 Chad

2 Dec 1960 Central African Republic

13 Dec 1960 Congo (Brazzaville)

14 Dec 1960 Rhodesia and Nyasaland²²

22 Dec 1960 Cameroon

23 Dec 1960 Ivory Coast²³

28 Dec 1960 Gabon

1 Jan 1961 Dahomey²⁴

11 Apr 1961 Nigeria

24 Apr 1961 Cyprus

11 May 1961 Madagascar²⁵

14 Sep 1961 Togo

6 Dec 1961 Congo (Kinshasa)²⁶

30 Dec 1961 Sierra Leone

16 Jan 1962 Upper Volta²⁷

18 Apr 1962 Mauritania

28 Sep 1962 Somalia

31 Oct 1962 Tanganyika²⁸

12 Dec 1962 Rwanda

16 Feb 1963 Burundi

18 Feb 1963 Jamaica

8 Mar 1963 Uganda

3 May 1963 Algeria

25 Jul 1963 Liechtenstein

11 Apr 1964 Kenya

27 Aug 1964 Mongolia

1 Jan 1965 Malta

19 Feb 1965 Malawi

6 Mar 1965 Trinidad and Tobago

23 Aug 1965 Zambia

22 Oct 1965 Singapore

12 Nov 1965 Southern Rhodesia²⁹

28 Feb 1967 Maldives

8 Mar 1967 Guyana

26 May 1967 Lesotho

16 Aug 1967 Barbados

2 Apr 1968 Botswana

15 Aug 1968 Yemen (Aden)¹⁵

10 Jun 1969 Nauru

30 Aug 1969 Mauritius

2 Jul 1970 Equatorial Guinea

11 Nov 1970 Swaziland³⁰

5 May 1971 Fiji

7 Jan 1972 Tonga

28 Apr 1972 Oman

27 Jun 1972 United Arab Emirates

3 Apr 1973 East Germany³¹

27 Mar 1973 Qatar

5 Sep 1973 Bangladesh

27 May 1974 The Gambia

19 Aug 1974 The Bahamas

1 Jan 1975 Bahrain

24 Sep 1975 North Korea

31 Oct 1975 Papua New Guinea

4 Nov 1975 Mozambique

5 Jan 1976 Comoros

15 Jan 1976 Guinea-Bissau

15 Jul 1976 Suriname

1 Sep 1976 São Tomé and Príncipe

10 Sep 1976 Cape Verde³²

13 Oct 1976 Angola

25 Mar 1977 San Marino

22 Nov 1977 Djibouti

10 Feb 1981 Zimbabwe

17 Nov 1981 Grenada

16 Dec 1981 Belize

25 Mar 1983 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

25 Jan 1984 Namibia³³

19 Nov 1984 Brunei Darussalam

3 Nov 1986 Kiribati

4 Feb 1987 Antigua and Barbuda

27 Jul 1987 Solomon Islands

30 Mar 1988 Vanuatu

15 Sep 1988 Bhutan

7 Oct 1988 Western Samoa³⁴

12 Oct 1991 Lithuania³⁵

11 Nov 1991 Latvia³⁶

10 Apr 1992 Azerbaijan

22 Apr 1992 Estonia³⁷

3 Jun 1992 Croatia³⁸

16 Jun 1992 Slovenia

30 Jun 1992 Armenia

10 Jul 1992 Uzbekistan

20 Oct 1992 Bosnia and Hercegovina, Moldova

1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic

7 Jan 1993 Georgia

23 Feb 1993 Slovakia³⁹, Kazakhstan

18 Mar 1993 Federated States of Micronesia

4 May 1993 Macedonia⁴⁰

7 May 1993 Turkmenistan

6 Aug 1993 Eritrea

12 Nov 1993 Andorra

20 Jan 1994 Kyrgyzstan

28 Apr 1994 Tajikistan

22 Feb 1996 Marshall Islands

15 Aug 1996 Tuvalu

28 Oct 1996 Dominica

4 Sep 1997 Saint Lucia

17 Sep 1999 Seychelles

1 Jun 2001 Serbia and Montenegro⁴

15 Mar 2006 Saint Kitts and Nevis

21 Jun 2006 Montenegro⁴¹

24 Aug 2010 Timor-Leste

3 Oct 2011 South Sudan

¹united as Germany 1 Jan 1871; Hanover annexed to Prussia 20 Sep 1866;Hamburg, Prussia and Saxony part of North German Confederation 1 Jul 1867 - 1 Jan 1871.²from 30 Dec 1922 Soviet Union; dissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership succeeded by Russia.³Ottoman Empire to 1920.⁴from 1 Dec 1918 Serb, Croat and Slovene State; from 3 Oct 1929 Yugoslavia; excluded 1992, officially readmitted as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1 Jun 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁵from 1935 Iran.⁶from 1941 Thailand.⁷from 1972 Sri Lanka.⁸Crete withdrew 1 May 1914.⁹South Africa excluded from Congresses from 21 Sep 1965, then from participation25 Oct 1973 - 30 Jun 1994. ¹⁰Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan 1993 membership succeeded by Czech Republic.¹¹Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 29 May 1972, when the ITU voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.¹²Saarland united with Germany 13 Jan 1935; Saar reconstituted under French rule 31 Jul 1945-31 Dec 1956; united with (West) Germany 1 Jan 1957.¹³Danzig annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945, then annexed to Poland.¹⁴1958-1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. Syria left ITU on 13 Apr 1958; on 29 Sep 1961 Syria left the union and resumed separate membership on 24 Aug 1962.¹⁵Yemen (Sana) and South Yemen (Aden) united 1990.¹⁶from 1989 Myanmar.¹⁷from 1991 Belarus.¹⁸from 1991 Ukraine.¹⁹to 1946 Transjordan.²⁰Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam which ratified ITU convention on 16 Dec 1976.²¹from 1963 Malaysia.²²Rhodesia and Nyasaland dissolved 31 Dec 1963.²³from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.²⁴from 1975 Benin.²⁵to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.²⁶1960-1966 Congo (Léopoldville); 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.²⁷from 1984 Burkina Faso.²⁸from 26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.²⁹Southern Rhodesia signed the 1965 ITU convention one day after its illegal declaration of independence; ITU administrative council resolution of 2 Jun 1966 explicitly instructed the secretary-general to delete the signatures of the former Rhodesian delegation and to refuse acceptance of any instruments relating thereto and not to invite the Rhodesian regime to any ITU conference or meeting. ³⁰from 2018 Eswatini.³¹East Germany united with Federal Republic of Germany on 3 Oct 1990. ³²from 2013 Cabo Verde.³³until 21 Mar 1990 as United Nations Council for Namibia(not recognized by South Africa).³⁴from 1997 Samoa.³⁵Lithuania former ITU member 1 Jul 1923 - 3 Aug 1940.³⁶Latvia former ITU member 11 Dec 1921 - 5 Aug 1940.³⁷Estonia former ITU member 21 Jul 1922 - 6 Aug 1940.³⁸Croatia former ITU member 7 Jul 1941 - 8 May 1945.³⁹Slovakia former ITU member 14 Jun 1939 - 3 Apr 1945.⁴⁰as Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; from 2 Feb 2019 North Macedonia.⁴¹Montenegro former ITU member 20 Sep 1880 - 1 Dec 1918.

Date of
Admission Associate Members of ITU (associate membership existed 1 Jan 1949 - 1 Jan 1975)

18 Apr 1952 British East Africa¹

20 Jul 1952 British West Africa²

18 Dec 1953 Somaliland Trust Territory³

23 Dec 1953 Malaya-British Borneo Group⁴

28 Nov 1954 Bermuda-British Caribbean⁵

30 Dec 1960 Ruanda-Urundi⁶

8 Mar 1963 Kenya⁷

9 Jul 1964 Malawi⁸, Zambia⁹

10 Sep 1973 Papua New Guinea¹⁰

¹B.E.A. membership ended 30 Nov 1961.²B.W.A. membership ended 8 Mar 1963.³from 1 Jul 1960 independent as Somalia.⁴from 2 Feb 1958 Singapore-British Borneo;membership ended Dec 1964.⁵membership ended 1 Jan 1963.⁶Ruanda-Urundi dissolved 1 Jul 1962.⁷Kenya full member from 11 Apr 1964.⁸Malawi full member from 19 Feb 1965.⁹Zambia full member from 23 Aug 1965.¹⁰Papua New Guinea associate membership terminated 1 Jan 1975.

Date of
Admission Member Territories of ITU (membership class existed 1 Jan 1948 - 1 Jan 1975)

17 Jul 1948 Overseas Territories of United States¹

7 Jun 1949 Portuguese Overseas Provinces¹

20 Jul 1949 British Overseas Territories¹, Netherlands New Guinea², Southern Rhodesia³

9 Sep 1949 Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi⁴

17 Mar 1950 Tunisia⁵, French Morocco⁶

2 May 1951 Spanish Morocco⁶, Spanish Possessions⁷

15 Aug 1951 French Overseas Territories¹

¹territories separate membershipended 1 Jan 1975.²Dutch New Guinea from 1 May 1963 part of Indonesia.³Southern Rhodesia part of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 16 Nov 1953 - 31 Dec 1963; participation not allowed after 2 Jun 1966; membershipterminated 1 Jan 1975.⁴Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi membership ended 20 Jun 1960.⁵Tunisia full member 14 Dec 1956⁶Morocco full member from 1 Nov 1956.⁷as Spanish Provinces in Africa 1956-1968; from 1968 Spanish Saharan Territories;membership ended 1 Jan 1975.

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)

Intelsat to c.1985

c.1985 - 2001

Adopted 2001

ITSO website

Headquarters:
Washington DC
(United States)

20 Aug 1964 International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium. 20 Aug 1971 Intelsat agreement signed. 12 Feb 1973 International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat). 18 Jul 2001 Renamed International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO), Intelsat becomes aseparate private company under its supervision. Secretary-general 20 Aug 1964 - 30 Dec 1976 Santiago Astraín Castro (Chile) (b. 1918 - d. 2008) Directors-general31 Dec 1976 - 30 Dec 1983 Santiago Astraín Castro (Chile) (s.a.) 31 Dec 1983 - 5 Dec 1986 Richard R. Colino (U.S.) (b. 1936) (suspended from 24 Nov 1986)24 Nov 1986 - 15 Apr 1987 John D. Hampton (Australia) (1st time) (acting [for Colino to 5 Dec 1986])15 Apr 1987 - 4 Aug 1991 Dean Burch (United States) (b. 1927 - d. 1991) 4 Aug 1991 - 24 Feb 1992 John D. Hampton (Australia) (2nd time) (acting) 24 Feb 1992 - 23 Oct 1998 Irving Goldstein (U.S.) (b. 1938 - d. 2000) 23 Oct 1998 - 18 Jul 2001 Conny L. Kullman (Sweden) (b. 1950) 19 Jul 2001 - 18 Jul 2009 Ahmed Toumi (Morocco) (b. 1959) 18 Jul 2009 - 18 Jul 2017 José Manuel do RosárioToscano (b. c.1959) (Portugal) 18 Jul 2017 - Francis Patrick Masambu (Uganda) (b. 1951)
ITSO membership (149)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`12 Feb 1973`	`Algeria, Argentina,` `Australia, Austria, Barbados,Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Republic of China¹,` `Costa Rica,` `Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethipoia, Finland, France, Gabon,Greece, Guatemala,` `India, Indonesia, Iran,Ireland, Israel, Ivory Coast²,` `Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait,Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar³,Malaysia, Mauritania,` `Mexico, Monaco,Morocco,` `New Zealand,Nicaragua,` `Nigeria, Norway,Pakistan,` `Peru, The Philippines,Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,` `Singapore, South Africa, South Korea,` `Spain, Sri Lanka, The Sudan, Sweden,` `Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago,Tunisia, Uganda,` `United Kingdom, United States,` `Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam⁴,Yemen (Sana)⁵, Yugoslavia⁶,` `Zaire⁷, Zambia`
`13 Mar 1973`	`Central African Republic`
`26 Mar 1973`	`Afghanistan`
`23 May 1973`	`The Netherlands⁸`
`4 Jun 1973`	`Italy⁸`
`6 Jun 1973`	`Iraq`
`2 Jul 1973`	`(West) Germany`
`12 Dec 1973`	`Ghana`
`1 Mar 1974`	`Cyprus`
`16 May 1974`	`Colombia⁸`
`11 Jun 1974`	`Lebanon`
`26 Sep 1974`	`Turkey⁸`
`3 Oct 1974`	`Haiti`
`19 Dec 1974`	`Bolivia`
`3 Jan 1975`	`Oman`
`7 Feb 1975`	`Iceland⁸`
`29 May 1975`	`Panama`
`9 Jun 1975`	`Libya`
`2 Feb 1976`	`Qatar`
`1 Mar 1976`	`Bangladesh`
`12 May 1976`	`United Arab Emirates`
`6 Jul 1976`	`Mali`
`19 Jan 1977`	`El Salvador`
`9 Jun 1977`	`Chad`
`18 Jul 1977`	`Paraguay`
`16 Aug 1977`	`China¹`
`23 Sep 1977`	`Angola`
`26 Oct 1977`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`27 Oct 1977`	`Upper Volta⁹`
`4 May 1978`	`Fiji`
`14 Apr 1980`	`Niger`
`6 May 1980`	`Honduras`
`14 Jul 1980`	`Guinea`
`27 Mar 1981`	`Somalia`
`7 Dec 1982`	`Uruguay`
`6 Jan 1983`	`Cape Verde¹⁰`
`24 Mar 1983`	`Papua New Guinea`
`16 Jul 1984`	`Malawi`
`30 May 1985`	`The Bahamas`
`2 Sep 1986`	`Mauritius, Rwanda`
`5 Mar 1987`	`Togo`
`12 May 1987`	`Benin`
`18 May 1988`	`Swaziland¹¹`
`1 Mar 1989`	`Nepal`
`15 Mar 1989`	`Zimbabwe`
`15 Nov 1989`	`Mozambique`
`7 May 1990`	`Romania`
`18 Jul 1991`	`Soviet Union¹²`
`13 Apr 1992`	`Azerbaijan`
`2 Apr 1992`	`Russia`
`27 May 1992`	`Czechoslovakia¹³`
`23 Jun 1992`	`Bhutan`
`14 Dec 1992`	`Croatia`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic`
`14 Jul 1993`	`Armenia`
`23 Aug 1993`	`Bahrain`
`8 Sep 1993`	`Federated States of Micronesia`
`3 Dec 1993`	`Namibia`
`15 Dec 1993`	`Poland`
`26 Jan 1994`	`Hungary`
`7 Apr 1994`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`23 May 1994`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`22 Aug 1994`	`Kazakhstan`
`20 Jan 1995`	`Malta`
`14 Apr 1995`	`Botswana`
`22 Feb 1996`	`Tajikistan`
`6 Mar 1996`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`15 May 1996`	`Bulgaria¹⁴`
`11 Dec 1996`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`7 May 1997`	`Uzbekistan`
`5 Sep 1997`	`Mongolia`
`25 Jun 1998`	`Comoros`
`9 Nov 2000`	`Georgia`
`31 Oct 2000`	`Cuba`
`24 May 2001`	`North Korea`
`17 Jul 2001`	`Guinea-Bissau`
`13 Jul 2001`	`The Gambia`
`4 Feb 2003`	`Serbia and Montenegro⁶`
`10 Apr 2007`	`Estonia`
`22 Oct 2009`	`Montenegro`
`¹Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until10 Sep 1976when Intelsat recognized the People's Republic of China as the representative of China which formally joined 16 Aug 1977; the Republic of China(Taiwan) withdrew10 Dec 1976.` `²from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.³Malagasy Republic to 30 Dec 1975.⁴Republic of Vietnam to` `30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam;on` `19 May 1978` `the Socialist Republic of` `Vietnam confirmed continuation of its membership.⁵from 1990 Yemen.` `⁶Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia broke up in 1992; on 8 Apr 1992 Montenegro and Serbia reconstituted as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia assumed the former Yugoslav membership 27 Apr 1992; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁷from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).⁸Iceland membership applied retroactive to 12 Feb 1973 by virtue of request for provisional application to take effect upon entry into force of the Intelsat agreement.⁹from 1984 Burkina Faso.` `¹⁰Cape Verde withdrew 27 Oct 1983, rejoined 19 Feb 1991; from 2013 Cabo Verde.¹¹from 2018 Eswatini.¹²Soviet Uniondissolved 25 Dec 1991, membership continued by Russia from 2 Apr 1992.¹³Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992; on 1 Jan 1993 membership succeeded by Czech Republic.¹⁴Bulgariawithdrew7 Sep 2012.`

Islamic Development Bank (IDB)

IDB website Headquarters: Jeddah
(Saudi Arabia)

12 Aug 1974 Islamic Development Bank created as a specialized agency of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)(signed 18 Dec 1973).

Presidents 20 Oct 1975 - 1 Oct 2016 Ahmed Mohammed Ali Al-Madani (b. 1934) (Saudi Arabia) 1 Oct 2016 - Bandar bin Mohammed bin Hamza (b. 1953) Asaad Al-Hajjar(Saudi Arabia)

IDB membership (57)

Date of
Admission
Member Nations

12 Aug 1974 Algeria, Bangladesh, Egypt, Guinea, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates

24 Aug 1974 Libya

21 Oct 1974 Bahrain

20 Oct 1976 Afghanistan

28 Jul 1975 Yemen (Sana)¹

9 Sep 1975 Syria

1976 Yemen (Aden)¹

20 Nov 1976 Senegal

26 Mar 1977 Chad

28 Mar 1977 Cameroon, Lebanon, Uganda

23 Jun 1977 Palestine

15 Mar 1978 Mali, Upper Volta²

23 Sep 1978 Iraq

16 Nov 1978 Guinea-Bissau

11 Feb 1980 Comoros, Djibouti, The Gambia, Maldives

3 Mar 1981 Gabon

24 May 1982 Sierra Leone

3 Mar 1984 Benin

3 Apr 1986 Brunei Darussalam

22 Feb 1989 Iran

4 Jul 1992 Azerbaijan

21 Aug 1993 Albania

3 Nov 1993 Kyrgyzstan

15 Nov 1994 Turkmenistan

30 Nov 1995 Mozambique

16 May 1996 Kazakhstan

1 Jun 1997 Tajikistan

7 Dec 1997 Suriname

18 Nov 1998 Togo

2 Jul 2002 Côte d'Ivoire

27 Aug 2003 Uzbekistan

23 Jun 2005 Nigeria

15 May 2016 Guyana

¹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 22 May 1990. ²from 1984 Burkina Faso.

Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO)

c.1982 - 2013

[Islamic Educational
Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO)
flag]

Adopted 2013

ISESCO website

Headquarters: Rabat
(Morocco)

3 May 1982 Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO), a specialized agency of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), established.30 Jan 2020 Renamed Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (retaining the abbreviation ISESCO). Director-generals May 1982 - Nov 1991 Abdelhadi Boutaleb (Morocco) (b. 1923 - d. 2009) Nov 1991 - May 2019 Abdulaziz Othman al-Tuwaijiri (b. 1950) (Saudi Arabia) May 2019 - Salim bin Muhammad al-Malik
(Saudi Arabia) ISESCO membership (54)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`3 May 1982`	`Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, The Sudan, Syria¹, Tunisia,Upper Volta²`
`1983`	`United Arab Emirates,Yemen (Aden)³, Yemen (Sana)³`
`1984`	`Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Libya, Sierra Leone`
`1 Sep 1985`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`1986`	`Indonesia`
`1988`	`Benin`
`1991`	`Azerbaijan`
`1992`	`Iran`
`27 Apr 1993`	`Tajikistan`
`1996`	`Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Suriname`
`2000`	`Algeria`
`2001`	`Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria`
`2002`	`Lebanon, Togo`
`2003`	`Afghanistan`
`21 Nov 2012`	`Uganda`
`10 Feb 2014`	`Guyana`
`13 Feb 2017`	`Turkey`
`30 Aug 2017`	`Uzbekistan`
`¹Syria suspended from 16 Aug 2012.²from 1984 Burkina Faso. ³Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990.`

Latin American Parliament (Parlatino)

[Parlatino - Latin American
Parliament]

Parlatino website

Headquarters: Panama City
(Panama)
(São Paulo, Brazil 1992-2008)

7 Dec 1964 Latin American Parliament (Parlatino) organized.16 Nov 1987 Treaty of Institutionalization signed.

Secretaries-general11 Dec 1964 - 18 Jul 1965 Andrés Townsend Ezcurra (Peru) (b. 1915 - d. 1994) + Luis Alberto Félix Sánchez (b. 1900 - d. 1994) (presidents of organizing committee; acting) 18 Jul 1965 - 31 Jul 1991 Andrés Townsend Ezcurra (Peru) (s.a.) 31 Jul 1991 - 8 Dec 1995 Humberto Peláez Gutiérrez (b. 1939) (Colombia)1996 - 2000 Ney Lopes de Souza (Brazil) (b. 1945) 2000 - 2002 Jorge EstebanPizarro Soto (Chile) (b. 1952) 2002 - 2007 Rafael Correa Flores(Venezuela)22 Feb 2007 - 2010 Sonia Margarita Escudero(f) (b. 1953) (Argentina) 2010 - 2012 María de los Ángeles Moreno (b. 1945) Uriegas (f) (Mexico) Nov 2012 - 16 May 2015 Blanca María del Socorro Alcalá (b. 1961) Ruiz (f) (Mexico) 16 May 2015 - 10 Jun 2017 Ariel "Elías" Castillo González (b. 1948) (Panama) 10 Jun 2017 - 31 Apr 2018 Rolando González Ulloa (Costa Rica)(b. 1950) 1 May 2018 - Pablo González Rodríguez (Uruguay) (b. 1974) Presidents 7 Dec 1964 - 14 Jul 1965 Ramiro Prialé (Peru) (b. 1904 - d. 1988) + Víctor Freundt Rossell(Peru) (b. 1903 - d. 1988) (acting co-presidents)14 Jul 1965 - 26 Apr 1967 Luis Agustin León (Argentina) (b. 1923 - d. 2009) (1st time) 26 Apr 1967 - 20 Jun 1968 Ulysses Silveira Guimarães(Brazil)(b. 1916 - d. 1992)20 Jun 1968 - 4 Aug 1969 Ramiro Andrade Terán (Colombia) (b. 1920 - d. 2016) 4 Aug 1969 - 6 Dec 1972 Jorge Dáger (Venezuela) (b. .... - d. ....) 6 Dec 1972 - Sep 1973 Tomás Pablo Elorza (Chile) (b. 1921 - d. 1999) Sep 1973 - 17 Feb 1975 Arturo Hernández Grisanti (b. 1927 - d. 2008) (Venezuela) 17 Feb 1975 - 24 Mar 1976 Ítalo Argentino Luder Colombo (b. 1916 - d. 2008) (Argentina) 24 Mar 1976 - 25 Apr 1977 Ricardo Elhage (b. 1931 - d. 2014) (Netherlands Antilles) 25 Apr 1977 -1977 Augusto Gómez Villanueva (Mexico) (b. 1929) 1977 - 16 Jun 1979 Víctor Manzanilla Schaffer (Mexico)(b. 1924 - d. 2019) 16 Jun 1979 - 1979 Jorge Mario Eastman Vélez (b. 1936) (Colombia) 1979 - 20 Aug 1982 Gilberto Ávila Bottia(Colombia) (b. 1930) 20 Aug 1982 - 19 Jun 1985 Nelson de Souza Carneiro(Brazil) (b. 1910 - d. 1996) 19 Jun 1985 - 23 Aug 1988 Luis Agustín León (Argentina) (s.a.) (2nd time) 23 Aug 1988 - 31 Jul 1991 Humberto Peláez Gutiérrez (s.a.) (Colombia)31 Jul 1991 - 7 Dec 1995 Humberto Celli Celli Gerbasi (b. 1940) (Venezuela) 8 Dec 1995 - 17 Mar 2000 Juan Adolfo Singer (Uruguay) (b. 1935) 18 Mar 2000 - 8 Nov 2002 Beatriz Elena Paredes Rangel (f) (b. 1953) (Mexico) 8 Nov 2002 - 8 Dec 2006 Ney Lopes de Souza(Brazil) (s.a.) 8 Dec 2006 - 3 Dec 2010 Jorge Esteban Pizarro Soto (Chile) (s.a.) (1st time) 3 Dec 2010 - 16 May 2015 Ariel "Elías" Castillo González (s.a.) (Panama)(1st time)16 May 2015 - 12 Feb 2016 Blanca María del Socorro Alcalá (s.a.) Ruiz (f) (Mexico) (1st time) 12 Feb 2016 - Jun 2016 Gabriela Alejandra Rivadeneira (b. 1983) Burbano (f) (Ecuador)Jun 2016 - 10 Jun 2017 Blanca María del Socorro Alcalá (s.a.) Ruiz (f) (Mexico) (2nd time) 10 Jun 2017 - 14 Jun 2019 Ariel "Elías" Castillo González (s.a.) (Panama) (2nd time) 14 Jun 2019 - Jorge Esteban Pizarro Soto (Chile) (s.a.) (2nd time)
PARLATINO membership (23)

Date of Admission	Member Parliaments
`16 Nov 1987`	`Dominican Republic, El Salvador,Honduras¹`
`21 Nov 1987`	`Peru`
`4 Dec 1987`	`Mexico`
`15 Dec 1987`	`Uruguay`
`1988`	`Suriname`
`5 May 1988`	`Nicaragua`
`Aug 1988`	`Ecuador`
`23 Aug 1988`	`Venezuela`
`12 Sep 1988`	`Argentina`
`20 Sep 1988`	`Guatemala`
`5 Oct 1988`	`Paraguay`
`12 Dec 1988`	`Brazil`
`23 Dec 1988`	`Cuba`
`13 Feb 1989`	`Bolivia`
`31 Mar 1989`	`Panama`
`7 Mar 1990`	`Colombia`
`13 Sep 1990`	`Aruba, Netherlands Antilles²`
`18 Jun 1991`	`Costa Rica`
`22 Aug 1991`	`Chile`
`2 Dec 2010`	`Curaçao, Sint Maarten`
`¹Honduras suspended 4 Dec 2009 - 3 Dec 2010.²dissolved 10 Oct 2010.`

Latin Union (LU)

[Latin Union
(Unión Latina) logo]

Latin Union website

Headquarters: Paris
(France)

LU Day: 17 May (1954)
Día Internacional de la
Latinidad

15 May 1954 Latin Union (Unión Latina/União Latina/Union Latine) convention signed in Madrid to promote the common cultural heritage and unifying identities of Latin andthe Latin influenced world. 12 Jan 1972 Latin Union convention enters into force. 26 Jan 2012 Activities suspended, secretariat is dissolved 31 Jul 2012. Secretaries-general 1954 - 1975 Manuel Fraga Iribarne (Spain) (b. 1922 - d. 2012) 1975 - 1983 Pierre Cabanes (France) (b. 1930) 1983 - 6 Sep 1997 Philippe Rossillon (France) (b. 1931 - d. 1997) 1997 - 2000 Geraldo Egídio da Costa Holanda (b. 1929) Cavalcanti (Brazil) Dec 2000 - 1 Jan 2009 Bernardino Osio (Italy) (b. 1934) 1 Jan 2009 - 31 Jul 2012 José Luis Dicenta Ballester (Spain)(b. 1937)

Latin Union membership (36)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`12 Jan 1972`	`Brazil, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Panama¹, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain`
`26 Sep 1972`	`Argentina²`
`26 Mar 1973`	`Venezuela³`
`18 May 1973`	`Nicaragua`
`25 Feb 1980`	`Romania`
`14 Jun 1984`	`Guatemala, Monaco`
`28 Jan 1985`	`Uruguay`
`21 Feb 1985`	`San Marino`
`12 Mar 1985`	`Bolivia`
`19 Sep 1985`	`Philippines`
`30 Jan 1986`	`Colombia⁴`
`23 Mar 1987`	`Chile⁵`
`19 Jul 1988`	`Cuba`
`8 Nov 1990`	`Guinea-Bissau`
`16 Oct 1992`	`Cape Verde⁶, Mexico⁷, Moldova, São Tomé e Príncipe`
`9 May 1994`	`Mozambique`
`8 Jul 1996`	`Costa Rica`
`19 Feb 1997`	`Angola`
`22 Jun 1999`	`Senegal`
`15 Dec 1999`	`Côte d'Ivorie`
`21 Oct 2004`	`Andorra`
`19 Nov 2004`	`Timor-Leste`
`14 Sep 2006`	`El Salvador`
`¹Panama withdrew 1 Dec 1972, rejoined 10 Jul 1995.²Argentina withdrew 30 Nov 1979, rejoined 11 Apr 1984; withdrew again 4 Nov 2005.³Venezuela withdrew 3 May 1988, rejoined 1 Mar 1990.⁴Colombia withdrew 18 Mar 1991, rejoined 10 Jul 1995.⁵Chile withdrew 12 Oct 1989, rejoined 26 Nov 1990.` `⁶from 2013 Cabo Verde.⁷Mexico withdrew 16 Aug 2010.`

Date of Admission	Permanent Observers
`18 Nov 1994`	`Holy See`
`14 Dec 2004`	`Sovereign Military` `Order of Malta`
`4 Nov 2005`	`Argentina`
`16 Aug 2010`	`Mexico`

League of Nations

1939 - 18 Apr 1946 Unofficial

Covenant of the
League of Nations
(28 Jun 1919)

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)
(London, UK 1919-1920)

25 Jan 1919 League of Nations Covenant drafted. 28 Jun 1919 League of Nations Covenant signed as part of the Treaty of Versailles. 10 Jan 1920 League of Nations Covenant enters into force. 14 Dec 1939 Secretariat reorganized. 20 Apr 1946 League of Nations officially dissolves itself, transferring assets and responsibilities to theUnited Nations.

Secretaries-general 7 May 1919 - 3 Jul 1933 Sir James Eric Drummond (U.K.) (b. 1876 - d. 1951) (acting to 10 Jan 1920) 3 Jul 1933 - 31 Aug 1940 Joseph Louis Anne Avenol (France) (b. 1879 - d. 1952) 31 Aug 1940 - 19 Apr 1946 Seán Lester (Ireland) (b. 1888 - d. 1959) (acting to 18 Apr 1946)

Presidents of General Assembly 15 Nov 1920 - 18 Dec 1920 Paul Hymans (Belgium)(1st time) (b. 1865 - d. 1941) 5 Sep 1921 - 5 Oct 1921 Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek (b. 1874 - d. 1942) (Netherlands) 4 Sep 1922 - 30 Sep 1922 Agustín Edwards Mac-Clure(Chile) (b. 1878 - d. 1941) 3 Sep 1923 - 29 Sep 1923 Cosme de la Torriente y Peraza (b. 1872 - d. 1956) (Cuba) 1 Sep 1924 - 2 Oct 1924 Giuseppe Motta (Switzeraland) (b. 1871 - d. 1940) 7 Sep 1925 - 26 Sep 1925 Raoul Dandurand (Canada) (b. 1861 - d. 1942) 8 Mar 1926 - 17 Mar 1926 Afonso Augusto da Costa (Portugal) (b. 1871 - d. 1937) 6 Sep 1926 - 25 Sep 1926 Momčilo Ninčić (Yugoslavia) (b. 1876 - d. 1949) 5 Sep 1927 - 27 Sep 1927 Alberto Guani Carrara(Uruguay) (b. 1877 - d. 1956) 3 Sep 1928 - 26 Sep 1928 Herluf Zahle (Denmark) (b. 1873 - d. 1941) 2 Sep 1929 - 25 Sep 1929 José Gustavo Guerrero (El Salvador)(b. 1876 - d. 1958) 10 Sep 1930 - 4 Oct 1930 Nicolae Titulescu (Romania) (b. 1882 - d. 1941) (1st time) 7 Sep 1931 - 29 Sep 1931 Nicolae Titulescu (Romania) (s.a.) (2nd time) 3 Mar 1932 - 9 Dec 1932 Paul Hymans (Belgium)(2nd time) (s.a.) (of the Extraordinary Session)26 Sep 1932 - 17 Oct 1932 Nikólaos Sokratís Polítis (Greece) (b. 1872 - d. 1942) (of the Ordinary Session) 21 Feb 1933 - 24 Feb 1933 Paul Hymans (Belgium)(3rd time) (s.a.) 23 Sep 1933 - 11 Oct 1933 Charles Theodore te Water (b. 1887 - d. 1964) (South Africa) 10 Sep 1934 - 27 Sep 1934 Richard Johannes Sandler (Sweden) (b. 1884 - d. 1964) 20 Nov 1934 - 24 Nov 1934 Francisco Castillo Nájera (Mexico) (b. 1886 - d. 1954) 9 Sep 1935 - 11 Oct 1935 Edvard Beneš (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1884 - d. 1948) 30 Jun 1936 - 4 Jul 1936 Paul van Zeeland (Belgium) (b. 1893 - d. 1973)21 Sep 1936 - 10 Oct 1936 Carlos Alberto Saavedra Lamas (b. 1878 - d. 1959) (Argentina) 26 May 1937 - 27 May 1937 Tevfik Rüştü Aras (Turkey) (b. 1883 - d. 1972) 13 Sep 1937 - 6 Oct 1937 Sir Muhammad Shah Aga Khan (India) (b. 1877 - d. 1957) 12 Sep 1938 - 30 Sep 1938 Eamon de Valera (Ireland) (b. 1882 - d. 1975) 11 Dec 1939 - 14 Dec 1939 Carl Joachim Hambro (Norway) (b. 1885 - d. 1964) (1st time) 8 Apr 1946 - 19 Apr 1946 Carl Joachim Hambro (Norway) (s.a.) (2nd time)

High Commissioner for Refugees

6 Aug 1938 Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGCR) established. 31 Dec 1946 Merged into International Refugee Organization (IRO).

League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees15 Aug 1921 - 13 May 1930 Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (b. 1861 - d. 1930) (Norway) High Commissioners for Refugees Coming from Germany 30 Oct 1933 - 27 Dec 1935 James Grover McDonald (U.S.) (b. 1886 - d. 1964) 14 Feb 1936 - 31 Dec 1938 Sir Neill Malcolm (U.K.) (b. 1869 - d. 1953) High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League of Nations 1 Jan 1939 - 31 Dec 1946 Sir Herbert William Emerson (U.K.) (b. 1881 - d. 1962) (from Feb 1939, also Director of the IGCR)

Nansen International Office for Refugees

1 Apr 1931 Nansen International Office for Refugees inaugurated. 31 Dec 1938 Responsibilities transferred to the League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Secretary-general 1 Apr 1931 - 31 Dec 1938 Thomas Frank Johnson(U.K.) (b. 1887 - d. 1972)

Presidents 1 Apr 1931 - 1933 Max Huber (Switzerland) (b. 1874 - d. 1960)1933 - Jan 1935 Georges Werner (Switzerland) (b. 1879 - d. 1935) Jan 1935 - Jan 1936 Vacant Jan 1936 - 31 Dec 1938 Michael Hansson (Norway) (b. 1875 - d. 1944)

League of Nations Health Organization

22 Jul 1946 Merged into the WHO.

Medical Directors of the Health Section 5 May 1921 - 1939 Ludwik J. Rajchman(Poland) (b. 1881 - d. 1965) 1939 - 22 Jul 1946 Raymond Gautier (Switzerland) (b. 1885 - d. 1957) (acting)

Permanent Mandates Commission

20 Apr 1946 Replaced by the UN Trusteeship Council.

Directors of the Mandates Section 1 Nov 1920 - 31 Dec 1924 William E. Rappard (Switzerland) (b. 1883 - d. 1958) 1 Jan 1925 - 30 Nov 1935 Vito Catastini (Italy) (b. 1879 - d. 19..) (chief of section to 1 Jan 1929) 1 Dec 1935 - 31 Jul 1940 Edouard Rodolphe de Haller (b. 1897 - d. 1957) (Switerland)(acting to 1 Jan 1938)

Presidents1919 - Mar 1920 Georges Louis Beer (U.S.) (b. 1862 - d. 1920) (appointed, did not take office) 4 Oct 1920 - 1936 Alberto Theodoli, marchese di (b. 1873 - d. 1955) Sambuci (Italy)May 1937 - 1940 Pierre Orts (Belgium) (b. 1872 - d. 1958)

International Commission on Intellectual Co-operation

4 Jan 1922 International Commission on Intellectual Co-operation (ICIC). 4 Nov 1946 Merged into UNESCO.

Chairmen 1 Aug 1922 - 1926 Henri Bergson (France) (b. 1859 - d. 1941) 1926 - 4 Feb 1928 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (Netherlands)(b. 1853 - d. 1928) 1928 - 1946 Gilbert Murray (U.K.) (b. 1866 - d. 1957)

Organization for Communication and Transit

Mar 1921 Advisory and Technical Committee for Communications & Transit (from 1938, Committee for Communications and Transit). 29 Jan 1938 Organization for Communication and Transit

Directors of the Section for Communications and Transit Jun 1919 - Jan 1920 JamesArthur Salter (1st time)(U.K.)(b. 1881 - d. 1975) 1920 - 14 Dec 1920 Bernardo Attolico (Italy) (b. 1880 - d. 1942) 1921 - Dec 1930 Sir JamesArthur Salter(2nd time) (s.a.) (U.K.) 1 Jan 1931 - 3 Nov 1935 Robert Haas (France) (b. 1891 - d. 1935) 1935 - 20 Aug 1937 Pierre Henry Watier (France) (b. 1882 - d. 1937) 23 Aug 1937 - 31 Mar 1939 Jacob Ludwig Maria Metternich (b. 1895 - d. 19..) (Germany) (acting) Director of the Economic, Financial and Transit Department 1939 - 6 Aug 1940 Alexander Loveday (U.K.) (b. 1888 - d. 1962)

Chairmen of the Advisory and Technical Committee for Communications & Transit1921 - 1922 Willem Jan Mari van Eysinga (b. 1878 - d. 1961) (Netherlands)1922 - 1923/24 Benjamín Fernández y Medina (b. 1873 - d. 1960) (Uruguay)1924 - 1925 John Grey Baldwin(U.K.) (b. 1867 - d. 1939)1925 - 1926 Yōtarō Sugimura (Japan) (b. 1884 - d. 1939)c.Mar 1927 - 1928 Aristides de Aguëro y Bethancourt (b. 1865 - d. 1933) (Cuba)1928 - 1929 Girolamo Sinigalia (Italy)May 1929 - 1930 Arthur Seeliger(Germany) (b. 1870 - d. 1938)1930 - 1931 Robert Herold (Switzerland) (b. 1877 - d. 1938)1931 - 1932 Sylvain Dreyfus (France) (b. 1863 - d. 1938)1933 - 1934 Augusto Krahe Herrero(Spain) (b. 1896 - d. 1974)1935 - 1936 Vojtěch Krbec (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1887 - d. 1970) 1937 - 1938 Joseph de Ruelle (Belgium)Chairman of the Committee for Communications and Transit 1938 - 1939 Douglas William Keane (U.K.) (b. 1893 - d. 19..)

League of Nations membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

10 Jan 1920 Australia, Argentina¹, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil², Canada, Chile³, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia⁴, Denmark, El Salvador⁵, France⁶, Greece, Guatemala⁷, Haiti⁸, Honduras⁹, India, Italy¹⁰, Japan¹¹, Liberia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua¹², Norway, Panama, Paraguay¹³, Peru¹⁴, Persia¹⁵, Poland, Portugal, Rumania¹⁶, Serb Croat and Slovene State¹⁷, Siam¹⁸, South Africa, Spain¹⁹, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela²⁰

15 Dec 1920 Austria²¹

16 Dec 1920 Bulgaria, Costa Rica²², Finland, Luxembourg

17 Dec 1920 Albania²³

22 Sep 1921 Estonia²⁴, Latvia²⁵, Lithuania²⁶

18 Sep 1922 Hungary²⁷

10 Sep 1923 Irish Free State²⁸

28 Sep 1923 Ethiopia²⁹

29 Sep 1924 Dominican Republic

8 Sep 1926 Germany³⁰

23 Sep 1931 Mexico

18 Jul 1932 Turkey

3 Oct 1932 Iraq

18 Sep 1934 Soviet Union³¹

27 Sep 1934 Afghanistan

28 Sep 1934 Ecuador

26 May 1937 Egypt

¹Argentina retired from League assembly 4 Dec 1920, but returned to full participation in 1933 never formally giving notice of withdrawal.²Brazil withdrew 14 Jun 1926, effective 13 Jun 1928.³Chile withdrew 2 Jun 1938, effective 1 Jun 1940.⁴Czechoslovakia annexed by Germany 15 Mar 1939.⁵El Salvador withdrew 10 Aug 1937, effective 9 Aug 1939.⁶"Vichy" France withdrew 19 Apr 1941; withdrawal rescindedby "Free" French 16 Apr 1943.⁷Guatemala withdrew 26 May 1936, effective 25 May 1938.⁸Haiti withdrew 8 Apr 1942.⁹Honduras withdrew 10 Jul 1936, effective 9 Jul 1938.¹⁰Italy withdrew 11 Dec 1937, effective 10 Dec 1939.¹¹Japan withdrew 27 Mar 1933, effective 26 Mar 1935.¹²Nicaragua withdrew 27 Jun 1936, effective 26 Jun 1938.¹³Paraguay withdrew 24 Feb 1937, effective 23 Feb 1939.¹⁴Peru withdrew 9 Apr 1939, effective 8 Apr 1941.¹⁵from 1934 Iran.¹⁶Rumania withdrew in 11 Jul 1940, effective 10 Jul 1942.¹⁷from 1929 Yugoslavia.¹⁸from 1939 Thailand.¹⁹Spain announced withdrawal 8 Sep 1926, which was rescinded 22 Mar 1928; withdrew9 May 1939, effective 8 May 1941.²⁰Venezuela withdrew 11 Jul 1938, effective 10 Jul 1940.²¹Austria annexed by Germany 13 Mar 1938.²²Costa Rica withdrew 24 Dec 1924, effective 1 Jan 1927.²³Albania withdrew 14 Apr 1939.²⁴Estonia annexed by Soviet Union 6 Aug 1940 (not recognized by the League). ²⁵Latvia annexed by Soviet Union 5 Aug 1940 (not recognized by the League). ²⁶Lithuania annexed by Soviet Union 3 Aug 1940 (not recognized by the League). ²⁷Hungary withdrew 11 Apr 1939, effective 10 Apr 1941.²⁸from 1937 Ireland.²⁹Ethiopia annexed by Italy9 May 1936 - 5 May 1941 (not recognized by the League).³⁰Germany withdrew 21 Oct 1933, effective 20 Oct 1935.³¹Soviet Union expelled 14 Dec 1939.

Note:The Covenant of the League of Nations provided that "any member of the League may, after two years' notice of its intention so to do, withdraw from the League"; the withdrawal dates given here are the dates such notice was given, though formally the withdrawals became effective only two years later.

Nations not joining the League: Andorra,Hejaz³¹, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Mongolia, Nejd³², Nepal, Newfoundland³³, The Philippines, San Marino, Tannu Tuva³⁴, United States³⁵, Vatican City (Holy See), and Yemen (Sana).

³¹Hejaz listed as an "original member of League of Nationssignatory to the Treaty of Peace"in Annex One on 28 Jun 1919, but did not ratify the Covenant; annexed by Nejd8 Jan 1926.³²Nejd merged with Hejazfrom 2 Sep 1932 as Saudi Arabia.³³Newfoundland reverted to a colony 16 Feb 1934.³⁴Tannu Tuva annexed by Soviet Union 11 Oct 1944.³⁵U.S. listed as an "original member of League of Nationssignatory to the Treaty of Peace"in Annex One on 28 Jun 1919, but did not ratify the Covenant.