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Contents: Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) - Nordic Council (Norden) - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne (OCAM) - Organization of American States (OAS) - Organization of Central American States (ODECA) - Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) - Pacific Community - Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) - Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) - Red Cross and Red Crescent - Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) - South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) - Southern African Development Community (SADC) - Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) - Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) - United Nations (UN) - United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) - United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) - Universal Postal Union (UPU) - Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) - Warsaw Treaty Organization - Western European Union (WEU) - World Bank (IBRD) - World Customs Organization (WCO) - World Food Program (WFP) - World Health Organization (WHO) - World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) - World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - Word Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - World Trade Organization (WTO) -

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

NAM website Headquarters: Jakarta
(Indonesia)

1 Sep 1961 Non-Aligned Movement founded.

Chairmen
1 Sep 1961 - 5 Oct 1964 Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia)    (b. 1892 - d. 1980)
5 Oct 1964 - 8 Sep 1970 Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt)      (b. 1918 - d. 1970)
8 Sep 1970 - 5 Aug 1973 Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia)         (b. 1924)
5 Aug 1973 - 16 Aug 1976 Houari Boumedienne (Algeria)    (b. 1927 - d. 1978)
16 Aug 1976 - 4 Feb 1978 William Gopallawa (Sri Lanka)   (b. 1897 - d. 1981)
4 Feb 1978 - 3 Sep 1979 Junius Richard Jayawardene      (b. 1906 - d. 1996)
                             (Sri Lanka)
3 Sep 1979 - 7 Mar 1983 Fidel Castro (Cuba)(1st time)   (b. 1926)
7 Mar 1983 - 25 Jul 1982 N. Sanjiva Reddy (India)        (b. 1913 - d. 1996)
25 Jul 1982 - 1 Sep 1986 Zail Singh (India)              (b. 1916 - d. 1994)
1 Sep 1986 - 4 Sep 1989 Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe)        (b. 1924)
4 Sep 1989 - 15 May 1990 Janez Drnovsek (Yugoslavia)     (b. 1950 - d. 2008)
15 May 1990 - 15 May 1991 Borisav Jovic (Yugoslavia)      (b. 1926)
1 Jul 1991 - 3 Oct 1991 Stipe Mesic (Yugoslavia)        (b. 1934)
3 Oct 1991 - 15 Jun 1992 Branko Kostic (acting)          (b. 1939)
                             (Yugoslavia)
15 Jun 1992 - 1 Sep 1992 Dobrica Cosic (Yugoslavia)      (b. 1921)
1 Sep 1992 - 18 Oct 1995 Suharto (Indonesia)             (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
18 Oct 1995 - 7 Aug 1998 Ernesto Samper Pizano (Colombia)(b. 1950)
7 Aug 1998 - 2 Sep 1998 Andrés Pastrana Arango          (b. 1954)
                             (Colombia)
2 Sep 1998 - 16 Jun 1999 Nelson Mandela (South Africa)   (b. 1918)
16 Jun 1999 - 20 Feb 2003 Thabo Mbeki (South Africa)      (b. 1942)
20 Feb 2003 - 31 Oct 2003 Datuk Seri Mahathir bin Mohamad (b. 1925)
                             (Malaysia)
31 Oct 2003 - 15 Sep 2006 Datuk Abdullah Ahmad Badawi     (b. 1939)
                             (Malaysia)
15 Sep 2006 - 24 Feb 2008 Fidel Castro (Cuba)(2nd time)   (s.a.)
15 Sep 2006 - 11 Jul 2009 Raúl Castro (Cuba)              (b. 1931)
                             (acting for Fidel Castro to 24 Feb 2008) 11 Jul 2009 -    Hosni Mubarak (Egypt) (b. 1928)

NAM membership (118)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`1 Sep 1961`	`Afghanistan, Algeria, Burma¹, Cambodia, Ceylon², Congo (Kinshasa)³, Cuba, Cyprus⁴, Egypt⁵, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen (Sana)⁶, Yugoslavia⁷`
`5 Oct 1964`	`Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey⁸, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Tanganyika⁹, Togo, Uganda, Zambia`
`8 Sep 1970`	`Botswana, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guyana, Jamaica, Lesotho, Malaysia, Rwanda, Singapore, Swaziland, Trinidad and Tobago,` `United Arab Emirates,` `Yemen (Aden)⁶`
`5 Sep 1973`	`Argentina¹⁰, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Chile, The Gambia, Ivory Coast¹¹, Madagascar¹², Malta¹³, Mauritius, Niger, Oman, Peru, Qatar, South Vietnam (NLF)¹⁴, Upper Volta¹⁵`
`15 Aug 1976`	`Belize¹⁶, Cape Verde,` `Comoros,` `Guinea-Bissau, Maldives, Mozambique, North Korea, Palestine, Panama, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Vietnam`
`3 Sep 1979`	`Bolivia, Grenada, Iran, Namibia¹⁷, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Zimbabwe`
`7 Mar 1983`	`The Bahamas, Barbados, Colombia, Djibouti, Ecuador, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Vanuatu`
`4 Sep 1989`	`Venezuela`
`1 Sep 1993`	`Brunei Darussalam,` `Guatemala, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Uzbekistan`
`31 May 1994`	`South Africa`
`18 Oct 1995`	`Eritrea, Honduras, Turkmenistan`
`2 Sep 1998`	`Belarus`
`8 Apr 2000`	`Dominican Republic`
`20 Feb 2003`	`East Timor, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`29 May 2006`	`Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica`
`16 Sep 2006`	`Haiti, Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`¹from 1989 Myanmar.` `²from 1972 Sri Lanka.` `³Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.⁴ceased to be a member 1 May 2004.` `⁵1958 - 1961 part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria; in 1961 Syria left the union.⁶Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as Yemen.` `⁷suspended from 30 Sep 1992;` `from 4 Feb 2003` `called Serbia and Montenegro, dissolved 5 Jun 2006.⁸from 1975 Benin.` `⁹United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,1 Nov 1964` `renamed Tanzania.` `¹⁰withdrew 1991.` `¹¹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.` `¹²to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹³ceased to be a member` `1 May 2004.` `¹⁴Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic` `of South` `Vietnam, represented by` `National Liberation Front (NLF);` `from 30 Apr 1975 Republic of South Vietnam; from 23 Aug 1976 united with North Vietnam as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.` `¹⁵from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹⁶special member to 25 Sep 1981.` `¹⁷represented by the South West African People's Organization (SWAPO)` `to 21 Mar 1990.`

Nordic Council (Norden)


Nov 1984 - 2004


Adopted 2004

Nordic Council website Headquarters: Copenhagen (Denmark)

12 Feb 1953                Nordic Council (Norden) inaugurated.
1 Jul 1962                Treaty of Nordic Cooperation of Helsinki
                             (23 Mar 1962 signed) in force.
Jul 1971                   Secretariat inaugurated.

Secretaries-general
Jul 1971 - Jun 1973        Emil K. Vindestmo (Norway)    (b. 1916 - d. 1983)
Dec 1973 - Aug 1977        Helge Seip (Norway)                (b. 1919 - d. 2004)
Aug 1977 - Aug 1982        Gudmund Saxrud (Norway) (b. 1920)
Sep 1982 - Jan 1987        Ilkka-Christian Björklund          (b. 1947)
                             (Finland)
Feb 1987 - 31 Aug 1989     Gehard af Schultén (Finland) (b. 1938)
1 Sep 1989 - 31 Aug 1994 Jostein Osnes (Norway)
   (interim to 1 Jan 1990) 1 Sep 1994 - 31 Jul 1996 Anders Wenström (Sweden) (b. 1946)
1 Aug 1996 - 31 Aug 1999 Berglind Ásgeirsdóttir (f) (b. 1955)
                             (Iceland)
1 Sep 1999 - 31 Jul 2007 Frida Nokken (f) (Norway)          (b. 1948) 1 Aug 2007 -    Jan-Erik Enestam (Finland) (b. 1947)

Presidents 12 Feb 1953 - 31 Dec 1953 Hans Hedtoft (Denmark)             (b. 1903 - d. 1955) 1 Jan 1954 - 31 Dec 1954 Einar Henry Gerhardsen (Norway)    (b. 1897 - d. 1987) 1 Jan 1955 - 31 Dec 1955 Nils Herlitz (Sweden)              (b. 1888 - d. 1978) 1 Jan 1956 - 31 Dec 1956 Erik Eriksen (Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1902 - d. 1972) 1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec 1957 Lennart Heljas (Finland)           (b. 1896 - d. 1972) 1 Jan 1958 - 31 Dec 1958 Nils Hønsvald (Norway) (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1971) 1 Jan 1959 - 31 Dec 1959 Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) (1st time)   (b. 1899 - d. 1979) 1 Jan 1960 - 31 Dec 1960 Gísli Jónsson (Iceland)            (b. 1889 - d. 1970) 1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec 1961 Erik Eriksen (Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1962 - 31 Dec 1962 Karl August Fagerholm (Finland)    (b. 1901 - d. 1984) 1 Jan 1963 - 31 Dec 1963 Nils Hønsvald (Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1964 Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) (2nd time)   (s.a.) 1 Jan 1965 - 31 Dec 1965 Sigurdur Bjarnason (Iceland)       (b. 1915) 1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec 1966 Harald Nielsen (Denmark) 1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Eino Sirén (Finland)               (b. 1909 - d. 1981) 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Svenn Thorkild Stray (Norway)      (b. 1922) 1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Leif Cassel (Sweden)               (b. 1906 - d. 1988) 1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Matthías Á. Mathiesen (Iceland)    (b. 1931)
                           (1st time)                   1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1971 Jens Otto Krag (Denmark)           (b. 1914 - d. 1978) 1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1972 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen         (b. 1906 - d. 1995)
                         (Finland) (1st time)    1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1973 Kåre Willoch (Norway)              (b. 1928) 1 Jan 1974 - 31 Dec 1974 Johannes Antonsson (Sweden)        (b. 1921 - d. 1995) 1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1975 Ragnhildur Helgadóttir (f)         (b. 1930)
                             (Iceland)                1 Jan 1976 - 31 Dec 1976 Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1929) 1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1977 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen         (s.a.)
                             (Finland) (2nd time)    1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec 1978 Trygve Bratteli (Norway)           (b. 1910 - d. 1984) 1 Jan 1979 - 31 Dec 1979 Olof Palme (Sweden)                (b. 1927 - d. 1986) 1 Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1980 Matthías Á. Mathiesen (Iceland) (s.a.)                              (2nd time) 1 Jan 1981 - 31 Dec 1981 Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1982 Elsi Hetemäki-Olander (f)(1st time)(b. 1927)                              (Finland) 1 Jan 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Jo Benkow (Norway)                 (b. 1924) 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 1984 Karin Söder (f) (Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1928) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Páll Pétursson (Iceland)(1st time) (b. 1937) 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Dec 1986 Anker Jørgensen (Denmark)(1st time)(b. 1922) 1 Jan 1987 - 31 Dec 1987 Elsi Hetemäki-Olander (f) (s.a.)                              (Finland)(2nd time)
1 Jan 1988 - 31 Dec 1988 Jan Peder Syse (Norway) (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 1997) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Karin Söder (f) (Sweden) (2nd time)(s.a.) 1 Jan 1990 - 31 Dec 1990 Páll Pétursson (Iceland)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 Anker Jørgensen (Denmark)(2nd time)(s.a.) 1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Ilkka Suominen (Finland)           (b. 1939) 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Jan Peder Syse (Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1994 - Sep 1994 Sten Andersson (Sweden)            (b. 1923 - d. 2006) Sep 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Per Olof Håkansson (Sweden) (b. 1937) 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 Geir H. Haarde (Iceland)           (b. 1951) 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Olof Salmén (Finland)              (b. 1927) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Berit Brørby Larsen (f) (Norway)   (b. 1950) 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Gun Hellsvik (f) (Sweden)          (b. 1942) 1 Jan 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 Sigridur Anna Thórdardóttir (f)    (b. 1946)
                             (Iceland)                    1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Svend Erik Hovmand (Denmark)       (b. 1945) 1 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Outi Ojala (Finland)               (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Inge Lønning (Norway)              (b. 1938) 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Gabriel Romanus (Sweden)           (b. 1939) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Rannveig Gudmundsdóttir (f)        (b. 1940)
                           (Iceland)                1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Ole Stavad (Denmark)               (b. 1949) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Dagfinn Høybråten (Norway)         (b. 1957) 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Erkki Tuomioja (Finland)           (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Sinikka Bohlin (f)(Sweden)      (b. 1947) 1 Jan 2010 - Helgi Hjörvar (Iceland)            (b. 1967)

Nordic Council Membership (5)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

11 Feb 1953 Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden

27 Jan 1956 Finland

Date of
Participation
Member Territories

1 Jan 1970 Aland Islands, Faroe Islands

15 Jul 1983 Greenland

North Atlantic Treaty Organizations (NATO)


Adopted 14 Oct 1953

NATO website

North Atlantic Treaty
(4 Apr 1949)

Hear Anthem
"NATO Hymn"

Headquarters: Brussels
(Belgium)

4 Apr 1949                The North Atlantic Treaty is signed in Washington.
24 Aug 1949                North Atlantic Treaty Organization established.
11 Jan 1994                Partnership for Peace (PFP) with former Soviet states
                             and Eastern European nations created.

Secretaries-general
4 Apr 1952 - 16 May 1957 Hastings Ismay, Baron Ismay (U.K.) (b. 1887 - d. 1965)
16 May 1957 - 4 Mar 1961 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 - d. 1972)
4 Mar 1961 - 21 Apr 1961 Alberico Casardi (Italy) (acting)
21 Apr 1961 - 1 Aug 1964 Dirk Uipko Stikker (Netherlands)   (b. 1897 - d. 1979)
1 Aug 1964 - 1 Oct 1971 Manlio Brosio (Italy)              (b. 1897 - d. 1980)
1 Oct 1971 - 25 Jun 1984 Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns   (b. 1911 - d. 2002)
                             (Netherlands)
25 Jun 1984 - 1 Jul 1988 Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, (b. 1919)
                             Baron Carrington (U.K.)
1 Jul 1988 - 13 Aug 1994 Manfred Wörner (Germany)           (b. 1934 - d. 1994)
13 Aug 1994 - 17 Oct 1994 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (1st time)(b. 1934)
                             (acting)
17 Oct 1994 - 20 Oct 1995 Willy Claes (Belgium)              (b. 1938)
20 Oct 1995 - 5 Dec 1995 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (2nd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting)
5 Dec 1995 - 6 Oct 1999 Javier Solana Madariaga (Spain)    (b. 1942)
14 Oct 1999 - 17 Dec 2003 George Islay Macneill Robertson,   (b. 1946)
                             Baron Robertson of Port Ellen (U.K.)
17 Dec 2003 - 5 Jan 2004 Alessandro Minuto Rizzo (Italy) (b. 1940)
                             (acting)
5 Jan 2004 - 1 Aug 2009 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de Hoop      (b. 1948)
                             Scheffer (Netherlands) 1 Aug 2009 -              Anders Fogh Rasmussen (Denmark)    (b. 1953)

Supreme Allied Commanders Europe (SACEUR) (all from U.S.)
2 Apr 1951 - 30 May 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower               (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
30 May 1952 - 11 Jul 1953 Matthew B. Ridgway                 (b. 1895 - d. 1993)
11 Jul 1953 - 20 Nov 1956 Alfred M. Gruenther                (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
20 Nov 1956 - 1 Jan 1963 Lauris Norstad                     (b. 1907 - d. 1988)
1 Jan 1963 - 1 Jul 1969 Lyman L. Lemnitzer                 (b. 1899 - d. 1988)
1 Jul 1969 - 15 Dec 1974 Andrew J. Goodpaster               (b. 1915 - d. 2005)
15 Dec 1974 - 1 Jul 1979 Alexander M. Haig                  (b. 1924 - d. 2010)
1 Jul 1979 - 26 Jun 1987 Bernard Rogers                     (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
26 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1992 John Galvin                        (b. 1929)
23 Jun 1992 - 22 Oct 1993 John M. Shalikashvili              (b. 1936)
22 Oct 1993 - 11 Jul 1997 George A. Joulwan                  (b. 1939)11 Jul 1997 - 3 May 2000 Wesley K. Clark                    (b. 1944) 3 May 2000 - 17 Jan 2003 Joseph W. Ralston                  (b. 1943)17 Jan 2003 - 7 Dec 2006 James L. Jones                     (b. 1943) 7 Dec 2006 - 2 Jul 2009 Bantz J. Craddock                  (b. 1949) 2 Jul 2009 -   James G. Stavridis                 (b. 1955)

NATO Membership (28)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

24 Aug 1949 Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France¹, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States

18 Feb 1952 Greece², Turkey

5 May 1955 Federal Republic of Germany

30 May 1982 Spain

12 Mar 1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland

29 Mar 2004 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia

1 Apr 2009 Albania, Croatia

¹withdrew from integrated military structure 1 Jul 1966; rejoined 3 Apr 2009.²withdrew from integrated military structure 14 Aug 1974; rejoined 20 Oct 1980.

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

NPT Text
(1 Jul 1968)

Place of Adoption: New York City
(United States)

1 Jul 1968 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons signed. 5 Mar 1970 Treaty enters into force.

NPT state parties (190)

Date of Ratification	Nation Parties
`5 Mar 1970`	`Afghanistan, Austria, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Republic of China¹, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, East Germany², Ecuador, Ethiopia, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Laos, Liberia, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Somalia, Soviet Union³, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States, Upper Volta⁴, Yugoslavia⁵`
`11 Mar 1970`	`Greece`
`7 Apr 1970`	`Maldives`
`4 May 1970`	`Ghana`
`20 May 1970`	`Lesotho`
`26 May 1970`	`Bolivia`
`2 Jun 1970`	`Haiti`
`11 Jun 1970`	`Kenya`
`15 Jul 1970`	`Lebanon`
`4 Aug 1970`	`Zaire⁶`
`10 Aug 1970`	`San Marino`
`31 Aug 1970`	`Uruguay`
`22 Sep 1970`	`Guatemala`
`8 Oct 1970`	`Madagascar`
`25 Oct 1970`	`Central African Republic`
`27 Nov 1970`	`Morocco`
`17 Dec 1970`	`Senegal`
`25 Feb 1971`	`Vatican City`
`10 Mar 1971`	`Chad`
`17 Mar 1971`	`Burundi`
`7 Jul 1971`	`Tonga`
`24 Jul 1971`	`Dominican Republic`
`10 Sep 1971`	`South Vietnam⁷`
`2 Jun 1972`	`Cambodia`
`11 Jul 1972`	`El Salvador`
`21 Jul 1972`	`Fiji`
`5 Oct 1972`	`Philippines`
`31 Oct 1972`	`Dahomey⁸`
`7 Dec 1972`	`Thailand`
`23 Jan 1973`	`Australia`
`6 Mar 1973`	`Ivory Coast⁹, Nicaragua`
`16 May 1973`	`Honduras`
`31 Oct 1973`	`The Sudan`
`19 Feb 1974`	`Gabon`
`26 Feb 1975`	`Sierra Leone`
`17 Mar 1975`	`Western Samoa¹⁰`
`23 Apr 1975`	`South Korea`
`2 May 1975`	`Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, West Germany²`
`12 May 1975`	`The Gambia`
`20 May 1975`	`Rwanda`
`26 May 1975`	`Libya`
`2 Sep 1975`	`Grenada`
`25 Sep 1975`	`Venezuela`
`10 Mar 1976`	`Singapore`
`8 Jun 1976`	`Japan`
`30 Jun 1976`	`Suriname`
`11 Aug 1976`	`The Bahamas`
`20 Aug 1976`	`Guinea-Bissau`
`13 Jan 1977`	`Panama`
`9 Mar 1977`	`Switzerland`
`15 Dec 1977`	`Portugal`
`20 Apr 1978`	`Liechtenstein`
`23 Oct 1978`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`19 Jan 1979`	`Tuvalu`
`5 Mar 1979`	`Sri Lanka`
`1 Jun 1979`	`Yemen (Aden)¹¹`
`12 Jul 1979`	`Indonesia`
`31 Aug 1979`	`Bangladesh`
`22 Jul 1979`	`Czechoslovakia¹²`
`24 Oct 1979`	`Cape Verde`
`28 Dec 1979`	`Saint Lucia`
`21 Feb 1980`	`Barbados`
`17 Apr 1980`	`Turkey`
`26 Feb 1981`	`Egypt`
`17 Jun 1981`	`Solomon Islands`
`13 Jan 1982`	`Papua New Guinea`
`7 Jun 1982`	`Nauru`
`14 Jun 1982`	`Vietnam`
`20 Oct 1982`	`Uganda`
`20 Jul 1983`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`10 Aug 1984`	`Dominica`
`1 Nov 1984`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`6 Nov 1984`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`12 Mar 1985`	`Seychelles`
`18 Apr 1985`	`Kiribati`
`29 Apr 1985`	`Guinea`
`26 Mar 1985`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`23 May 1985`	`Bhutan`
`17 Jun 1985`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`9 Aug 1985`	`Belize`
`12 Dec 1985`	`North Korea`
`18 Feb 1986`	`Malawi`
`8 Apr 1986`	`Colombia`
`14 May 1986`	`Yemen (Sana)¹¹`
`30 Oct 1986`	`Trinidad and Tobago`
`5 Nov 1987`	`Spain`
`3 Oct 1988`	`Saudi Arabia`
`3 Nov 1988`	`Bahrain`
`3 Apr 1989`	`Qatar`
`17 Nov 1989`	`Kuwait`
`4 Sep 1990`	`Mozambique`
`12 Sep 1990`	`Albania`
`15 May 1991`	`Zambia`
`31 May 1991`	`Tanzania`
`10 Jul 1991`	`South Africa`
`23 Sep 1991`	`Lithuania`
`26 Sep 1991`	`Zimbabwe`
`7 Jan 1992`	`Estonia`
`31 Jan 1992`	`Latvia`
`9 Mar 1992`	`People's Republic of China¹`
`7 Apr 1992`	`Slovenia`
`7 May 1992`	`Uzbekistan`
`29 Jun 1992`	`Croatia`
`2 Aug 1992`	`France`
`22 Sep 1992`	`Azerbaijan`
`2 Oct 1992`	`Namibia`
`9 Oct 1992`	`Niger`
`2 Dec 1992`	`Myanmar`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia`
`9 Feb 1993`	`Belarus`
`21 Jul 1993`	`Armenia`
`19 Oct 1993`	`Guyana`
`26 Oct 1993`	`Mauritania`
`17 Jan 1994`	`Tajikistan`
`14 Feb 1994`	`Kazakhstan`
`7 Mar 1994`	`Georgia`
`5 Jul 1994`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`15 Aug 1994`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`29 Sep 1994`	`Turkmenistan`
`11 Oct 1994`	`Moldova`
`5 Dec 1994`	`Ukraine`
`12 Jan 1995`	`Algeria`
`30 Jan 1995`	`Marshall Islands`
`10 Feb 1995`	`Argentina`
`13 Mar 1995`	`Monaco`
`16 Mar 1995`	`Eritrea`
`30 Mar 1995`	`Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`14 Apr 1995`	`Federated States of Micronesia, Palau`
`25 May 1995`	`Chile`
`24 Aug 1995`	`Vanuatu`
`26 Sep 1995`	`United Arab Emirates`
`4 Oct 1995`	`Comoros`
`7 Jun 1996`	`Andorra`
`14 Oct 1996`	`Angola`
`16 Oct 1996`	`Djibouti`
`23 Jan 1997`	`Oman`
`18 Sep 1998`	`Brazil`
`4 Nov 2002`	`Cuba`
`5 May 2003`	`East Timor`
`3 Jun 2006`	`Montenegro`
`¹the Republic of China (Taiwan) was an original NPT signatory and represented China until 15 Nov 1971, when the UN voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.` `Though the ROC states it will continue to abide by the treaty;` `the People's Republic of China` `acceded to the NPT on 9 Mar 1992.` `²East Germany and West Germany united 1990.` `³dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.` `⁴from 1984 Burkina Faso.` `⁵from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁶from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).` `⁷unification with North Vietnam on 2 Jul 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam; by letters of 1 Aug 1979 and 6 May 1980 Vietnam stated that it did not consider itself bound by treaties previously ratified by South Vietnam;Socialist Republic of` `Vietnam acceded to NPT on 14 Jun 1982.⁸from 1975 Benin.⁹from 1985` `Côte d'Ivoire.¹⁰from 1997 Samoa.¹¹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as Yemen.` `¹²dissolved 31 Dec 1992.`

Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne

[Union Africaine et Malgache]
Adopted Apr 1962

Headquarters: Bangui
(Central African Republic);
(Yaoundé, Cameroon 1964-1973)

Dec 1960                  African and Malagasy Organization for EconomicCooperation (OAMCE)
(Organisation Africain et Malagache de Coopération Économique).12 Sep 1961    African and Malagasy Union (Union Africain et Malagache)(UAM). Mar 1964                  African and Malagasy Union for Economic Cooperation (UAMCE)
(Union Africaine et Malgache de Coopération Économique).
12 Feb 1965               Common African and Mauritanian Organization (OCAM)
   (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauritienne).
1969              Common African, Malagasyand Mauritian Organization(OCAM)
                            (Organisation Commune Africaine Malgache et Mauricienne).
1974             Common African and Mauritian Organization (OCAM)
                            (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne).
23 Mar 1985                Formally dissolved.

Secretaries-general
1965 - 1968                Diakha Dieng (Senegal)
1968 - 1974                Falilou Kane (Senegal) (b. 1938)
1974                       Regis Franchet (Mauritius)
1974 - 1979                Sydney Moutia (Mauritius) (b. 1932)
1979 - 1985                Amri Sued Ismail (Rwanda)          (b. 1942)

OCAM Membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

12 Feb 1965 Cameroon¹, Central African Republic, Chad¹, Congo (Brazzaville)², Dahomey³, Gabon⁴, Ivory Coast, Madagascar⁵, Mauritania⁶, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Togo, Upper Volta⁷

May 1965 Congo (Léopoldville)⁸

1969 Mauritius

1977 Seychelles⁹

¹withdrew 1 Jul 1973.²withdrew 1972. ³from 1975 Benin. ⁴withdrew 7 Sep 1976. ^⁵to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic; withdrew Aug 1973. ⁶withdrew Jun 1965. ⁷from 1984 Burkina Faso. ⁸1966 - 1971 Congo (Kinshasa), from 1971 Zaire; withdrew 1972.⁹withdrew 1978.

Organization of African Unity (OAU): see African Union

Organization of American States (OAS)

1907 - 1948

[Organization of American States (OAS) ]

Adopted Apr 1961

OAS website

OAS Charter
(2 May 1948)

Headquarters:
Washington, DC
(United States)

OAS Day: 14 Apr (1890)
Pan American Day

14 Apr 1890                Commercial Bureau of the American Republics
Jan 1902                   International Bureau of the American Republics
Aug 1910                   Pan-American Union
30 Apr 1948                Organization of American States (OAS)

Directors-general
1906 - 1 Sep 1920         John Barrett (U.S.)                (b. 1866 - d. 1938)
1 Sep 1920 - 5 Dec 1946 Leo S. Rowe (U.S.)                 (b. 1871 - d. 1946)
5 Dec 1946 - 27 May 1947 Pedro de Alba (Mexico) (acting)    (b. 1887 - d. 1960)
27 May 1947 - 30 Apr 1948 Alberto Lleras Camargo (Colombia) (b. 1906 - d. 1990)
Secretaries-general
30 Apr 1948 - 31 Jul 1954 Alberto Lleras Camargo (Colombia) (s.a.)
31 Jul 1954 - 19 Oct 1955 Carlos Gregorio Dávila Espinosa    (b. 1887 - d. 1955)
                             (Chile)
19 Oct 1955 - 16 Jan 1956 William Manger (U.S.) (acting)
16 Jan 1956 - 18 May 1968 José A. Mora (Uruguay)             (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
18 May 1968 - 18 May 1975 Galo Plaza Lasso (Ecuador)         (b. 1906 - d. 1987)
18 May 1975 - 31 Mar 1984 Alejandro Orfila (Argentina)       (b. 1925)
31 Mar 1984 - 20 Jun 1984 Valerie "Val" McComie (Barbados) (b. 1920)
                             (acting)
20 Jun 1984 - 20 Jun 1994 João Baena Soares (Brazil)         (b. 1931)
20 Jun 1994 - 15 Sep 1994 Christopher R. Thomas (acting)
                             (Trinidad and Tobago)
15 Sep 1994 - 15 Sep 2004 César Gaviria Trujillo (Colombia) (b. 1947)
15 Sep 2004 - 15 Oct 2004 Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría (b. 1940)
                             (Costa Rica)
15 Oct 2004 - 26 May 2005 Luigi R. Einaudi (U.S.) (acting)   (b. 1936)
26 May 2005 -              José Miguel Insulza Salinas        (b. 1943)
                             (Chile)

OAS membership (35)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

30 Apr 1948 Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba¹, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras², Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela

17 Mar 1967 Trinidad and Tobago

15 Nov 1967 Barbados

20 Aug 1969 Jamaica

13 May 1975 Grenada

8 Jun 1977 Suriname

22 May 1979 Dominica, Saint Lucia

3 Dec 1981 Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

3 Mar 1982 The Bahamas

12 Mar 1984 Saint Kitts and Nevis

8 Jan 1990 Canada

8 Jan 1991 Belize, Guyana

¹suspended 30 Jan 1962 - 3 Jun 2009. ²suspended 4 Jul 2009.

Organization of Central American States (ODECA) [Organization of Central American States (ODECA)]

Headquarters: San Salvador
(El Salvador)

Hear ODECA Anthem
"La Granadera"
Adopted 22 Jun 1971

14 Oct 1951 Organization of Central American States (ODECA) (Organización de Estados Centroamericanos) formed.14 Oct 1955 Secretariat inaugurated.30 Mar 1965 Second charter, signed on 12 Dec 1962, effective. 1973 Functions suspended. Secretaries-general 14 Oct 1955 - 15 Feb 1960 José Guillermo Trabanino Guerrero (b. 1914 - d. 2000)
(El Salvador) 15 Feb 1960 - 15 Feb 1964 Marco Tulio Zeledón Matamoros (b. 1913 - d. 1992) (Costa Rica) 15 Feb 1964 - 31 Mar 1969 Albino Román y Vega (interim) (Nicaragua) 15 Sep 1970 - 1972 Manuel Villacorta Vielmann (special representative to 1971) (Guatemala)1972 - 1973 Álvaro Fernández Escalante(interim) (Costa Rica)

ODECA membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`14 Oct 1951`	`Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala¹, Honduras², Nicaragua`
`1967`	`Panama`
`¹withdrew 1953, rejoined 1955.` `²withdrew 1970.`

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

[Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)]
Adopted 21 Jun 2006

OECS website Headquarters: Castries
(St. Lucia) OECS Day: 18 Jun (1981)
Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States Day

18 Jun 1981 Organization of Eastern Caribbean States founded.

Directors-general
Jul 1982 - 1 Dec 1995 Vaughan Lewis (Saint Lucia) (b. 1940)
Jun 1996 - 31 Jul 2001 Swinburne Lestrade (Dominica) 31 Jul 2001 - 12 May 2003 George Goodwin (acting) (b. 194. - d. 2009) (Antigua and Barbuda) 12 May 2003 - Len Ishmael (f) (Saint Lucia)

OECS membership (7)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

4 Jul 1981 Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of OECS

22 Nov 1984 British Virgin Islands

May 1995 Anguilla

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

[Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development]

OECD website Headquarters: Paris
(France)

16 Apr 1948 Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)
30 Sep 1961 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Secretaries-general
16 Apr 1948 - 1 Apr 1955 Robert Marjolin (France)           (b. 1911 - d. 1986)
1 Apr 1955 - 1 Sep 1960 René Sergent (France)              (b. 1904 - d. 1984)
1 Sep 1960 - 29 Sep 1969 Thorkil Christensen (Denmark)      (b. 1899 - d. 1989)
30 Sep 1969 - 29 Sep 1984 Emile van Lennep (Netherlands)     (b. 1915 - d. 1996) 30 Sep 1984 - 29 Sep 1994 Jean-Claude Paye (France)          (b. 1934)
                             (1st time)             30 Sep 1994 - 29 Nov 1994 Staffan Sohlman (Sweden) (interim) (b. 1937) 30 Nov 1994 - 31 May 1996 Jean-Claude Paye (France)          (s.a.)
                           (2nd time)              1 Jun 1996 - 31 May 2006 Donald J. Johnston (Canada)        (b. 1936) 1 Jun 2006 -              José Ángel Gurría Treviño (Mexico) (b. 1950)

OECD membership (30)

Date of
Admission Members

16 Apr 1948 Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany¹, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Trieste Territory², Turkey, United Kingdom

20 Jul 1959 Spain

14 Dec 1960 European Community³

30 Sep 1961 Canada, United States

28 Apr 1964 Japan

28 Jan 1969 Finland

7 Jun 1971 Australia

29 May 1973 New Zealand

18 May 1994 Mexico

21 Dec 1995 Czech Republic

7 May 1996 Hungary

22 Nov 1996 Poland

12 Dec 1996 South Korea

14 Dec 2000 Slovakia

¹Anglo-U.S. "bizone" to 1949, then Federal Republic of Germany.²Anglo-U.S. zone only; 1954 became part of Italy. ³special member.

Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)


Adopted 1981

OIC website

Headquarters: Jeddah
(Saudi Arabia)

OIC Day: 25 Sep (1969)
Organization of the
Islamic Conference Day

25 Sep 1969 Organization of the Islamic Conference founded. 4 Mar 1972 OIC Charter signed (effective 28 Feb 1973).

Secretaries-general
Mar 1970 - 1973 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Alhaj (b. 1903 - d. 1990) (Malaysia) 1974 - 1975 Hassan al-Touhami (Egypt) Nov 1975 - Jan 1980 Amadou Karim Gaye (Senegal) (b. 1913 - d. 2000) Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1984 Habib Chatty (Tunisia) (b. 1916 - d. 1991) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1988 Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (b. 1923) (Pakistan) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1996 Hamid Algabid (Niger) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2000 Azzedine Laraki (Morocco) (b. 1929 - d. 2010) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2004 Abdelouahed Belkeziz (Morocco) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 2005 - Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu (Turkey) (b. 1943)

OIC membership (57)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

25 Sep 1969 Afghanistan¹, Algeria, Chad, Egypt², Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, The Sudan, Yemen (Sana)³

1970 Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Syria, Trucial States⁴, Tunisia, Turkey

1972 Sierra Leone, Yemen (Aden)³

1974 Bangladesh, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Uganda

1975 Upper Volta⁵, Cameroon

1976 Iraq, Maldives

May 1976 Comoros

Apr 1978 Djibouti

1982 Benin

15 Jan 1984 Brunei Darussalam

Jan 1986 Nigeria

Dec 1991 Azerbaijan

1 Dec 1992 Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan

1 Dec 1992 Tajikistan

Jan 1993 Zanzibar⁶

Dec 1994 Mozambique

1995 Kazakhstan

2 Oct 1996 Uzbekistan

Dec 1996 Suriname

2 Oct 1997 Togo

1 Oct 1998 Guyana

27 Jun 2001 Côte d'Ivoire

¹suspended 1980 - Mar 1989.²suspended May 1979 - Mar 1984.³Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 22 May 1990. ⁴from 1971 United Arab Emirates.⁵from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁶withdrew Aug 1993.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

[OPEC flag]
Adopted 1970

OPEC website Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)
(Geneva, Switzerland 1960-65)

14 Sep 1960 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) founded.

Secretaries-general¹
21 Jan 1961 - 30 Apr 1964 Fuad Rouhani (Iran)                (b. 1907 - d. 2004)
1 May 1964 - 30 Apr 1965 Abdul Rahman al-Bazzaz (Iraq)      (b. 1913 - d. 1973)
1 May 1965 - 31 Dec 1966 Ashraf T. Lutfi (Kuwait)           (b. 1919 - d. 19..)
1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Muhammad Saleh Joukhdar            (b. 1932)
                             (Saudi Arabia)
1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Francisco R. Parra (Venezuela)     (b. 1929)
1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Elrich Sanger (Indonesia)          (b. 1927)
1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Omar el-Badri (Libya)              (b. 1937)
1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1972 Nadim Pachachi (Iraq)              (b. 1914 - d. 1976)
1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1974 Abderrahman Khène (Algeria)        (b. 1931)
1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1976 M.O. Feyide (Nigeria)              (b. 1926 - d. 1997)
1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1978 Ali M. Jaidah (Qatar)              (b. 1941)
1 Jan 1979 - 30 Jun 1981 René G. Ortiz (Ecuador)            (b. 1941)
1 Jul 1981 - 30 Jun 1983 Marc Saturnin Nan Nguema (Gabon)   (b. 1934) 19 Jul 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Mana Saeed Al Otaiba (b. 1946) (United Arab Emirates)(acting) 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Oct 1984 Kamal Hassan Maghur (Libya) (acting) 31 Oct 1984 - 9 Dec 1985 Subroto (Indonesia)(1st time)    (b. 1928)
(acting) 1 Jan 1986 - 30 Jun 1986 Arturo Hernández Grisanti (b. 1927 - d. 2008) (Venezuela)(acting) 1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1988 Rilwanu Lukman (Nigeria)(1st time) (b. 1938)    (acting) 1 Jul 1988 - 30 Jun 1994 Subroto (Indonesia)(2nd time)    (s.a.) 1 Jul 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Abdalla Salem el-Badri (Libya)    (b. 1940)    (1st time)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2000 Rilwanu Lukman (Nigeria)(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 2001 - 30 Jun 2002 Alí Rodríguez Araque (Venezuela)   (b. 1937)
1 Jul 2002 - 31 Dec 2003 Álvaro Silva Calderón (Venezuela) (b. 1929)
1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Purnomo Yusgiantoro (Indonesia)    (b. 1951)
                             (acting)
1 Jan 2004 - Feb 2004     Iin Arifin Takhyan (Indonesia)     (b. 1952)
                             (acting for Yusgiantoro)
Feb 2004 - 31 Dec 2004     Maizar Rahman (Indonesia)          (b. 1948)
                             (acting for Yusgiantoro)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Sheikh Ahmad Fahad Al Ahmad Al     (b. 1963)
                             Sabah (Kuwait) (acting)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Adnan Shihab-Eldin (Kuwait)        (b. 1943)
                             (acting for Al Sabah)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Edmund Daukoru (Nigeria) (acting) (b. 1943)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Mohammed S. Barkindo (Nigeria)
                             (acting for Daukoru) 1 Jan 2007 - Abdalla Salem el-Badri (Libya)    (s.a.)                          (2nd time)

OPEC membership (12)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

14 Sep 1960 Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela

15 Jan 1961 Qatar

4 Jun 1962 Indonesia², Libya

27 Nov 1967 Abu Dhabi³

8 Jul 1969 Algeria

12 Jul 1971 Nigeria

19 Nov 1973 Ecuador⁴

9 Jun 1975 Gabon⁵

1 Jan 2007 Angola

¹from 21 Jan 1961-Apr 1965 the Chairmen of the Board of Governors were also, ex-officio, the Secretary-general of the organization. The functions of Chairman of the Board of Governors and Secretary-general were separated Apr 1965. ²membership suspended at its own request from 1 Jan 2009.³membership transferred to United Arab Emirates 9 Jan 1974. ⁴membership suspended at its own request 31 Dec 1992 - 23 Oct 2007. ⁵membership terminated at its own request from 1 Jan 1995.

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons flag]

OPCW website Headquarters: The Hague
(The Netherlands)

19 Jan 1993                Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) signed.
29 Apr 1997                Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical
                             Weapons (OPCW), CWC treaty enters into force.

Directors-General
13 May 1997 - 22 Apr 2002 José Mauricio Bustani (Brazil)     (b. 1932?)
22 Apr 2002 - 25 Jul 2002 John Gee (Australia)(acting)       (b. 1944)
25 Jul 2002 -              Rogelio Pfirter (Argentina)        (b. 1948)

OPCW membership (188)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

29 Apr 1997 Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahrain,Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe

11 Jun 1997 Turkey

20 Jun 1997 Singapore

28 Jun 1997 Kuwait

9 Jul 1997 Guinea

11 Jul 1997 Slovenia

20 Jul 1997 Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)

24 Jul 1997 Trinidad and Tobago

7 Aug 1997 Burkina Faso

8 Aug 1997 Ghana

27 Aug 1997 Brunei Darussalam

3 Oct 1997 Qatar

12 Oct 1997 Guyana

21 Nov 1997 Pakistan

28 Nov 1997 Jordan

3 Dec 1997 Iran

5 Dec 1997 Russia

18 Dec 1997 Nepal

2 Jan 1998 Venezuela

11 Mar 1998 Mauritania

15 May 1998 Lithuania

13 Jun 1998 Benin

18 Jun 1998 The Gambia

11 Jul 1998 Malawi

25 Jul 1998 Tanzania

19 Aug 1998 Senegal

13 Sep 1998 Bolivia

27 Sep 1998 Cyprus

30 Sep 1998 Botswana

4 Oct 1998 Burundi

30 Oct 1998 Vietnam

6 Nov 1998 Panama

15 Nov 1998 Ukraine

12 Dec 1998 Indonesia

11 Jun 1999 Vatican City

19 Jun 1999 Nigeria

23 Jun 1999 The Sudan

25 Jun 1999 Estonia

21 Jul 1999 Micronesia

5 Dec 1999 Nicaragua

24 Dec 1999 Liechtenstein

9 Jan 2000 San Marino

15 Mar 2000 Eritrea

30 Mar 2000 Azerbaijan

22 Apr 2000 Kazakhstan

5 May 2000 Colombia

20 May 2000 Malaysia, Yugoslavia¹

14 Sep 2000 Mozambique

7 Oct 2000 Kiribati

8 Oct 2000 Gabon, Jamaica

1 Nov 2000 Yemen

28 Dec 2000 United Arab Emirates

11 Mar 2001 Zambia

14 Mar 2001 Dominica

12 Dec 2001 Nauru

20 Dec 2001 Uganda

18 Oct 2002 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

27 Oct 2002 Samoa

9 Jan 2003 Thailand

5 Mar 2003 Palau

14 Mar 2003 Guatemala

29 Mar 2003 Andorra

6 Jun 2003 East Timor

28 Jun 2003 Tonga

9 Oct 2003 São Tomé and Príncipe

24 Oct 2003 Afghanistan

29 Oct 2003 Kyrgyzstan

9 Nov 2003 Cape Verde

31 Dec 2003 Belize

5 Feb 2005 Libya

18 Feb 2004 Tuvalu

14 Mar 2004 Chad

30 Apr 2004 Rwanda

18 Jun 2004 Marshall Islands

20 Jun 2004 Saint Kitts and Nevis

23 Oct 2004 Solomon Islands

30 Oct 2004 Sierra Leone

19 Nov 2004 Madagascar

21 May 2005 Niue

3 Jul 2005 Grenada

18 Aug 2005 Cambodia

17 Sep 2005 Bhutan

28 Sep 2005 Antigua and Barbuda, Honduras

16 Oct 2005 Vanuatu

11 Nov 2005 Congo (Kinshasa)

24 Feb 2006 Djibouti

24 Mar 2006 Haiti

25 Mar 2006 Liberia

17 Sep 2006 Comoros

20 Oct 2006 Central African Republic

23 Oct 2006 Montenegro

6 Apr 2007 Barbados

3 Jan 2008 Congo (Brazzaville)

19 Jun 2008 Guinea-Bissau

20 Dec 2008 Lebanon

12 Feb 2009 Iraq

26 Apr 2009 Dominican Republic

21 May 2009 The Bahamas

¹from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)


to 1 Jan 1995


Adopted 1 Jan 1995

OSEC website

Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)

25 Jun 1973                Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
1 Aug 1975                Helsinki Final Act signed.
21 Nov 1990                Charter of Paris for a New Europe signed.
1 Jan 1995                Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Secretaries-general
15 Jun 1993 - 15 Jun 1996 Wilhelm Höynck (Germany)           (b. 1933)
15 Jun 1996 - 15 Jun 1999 Giancarlo Aragona (Italy)          (b. 1942)
15 Jun 1999 - 20 Jun 2005 Ján Kubis (Slovakia)               (b. 1952)
20 Jun 2005 -              Marc Perrin de Brichambaut         (b. 1948)
                             (France)

Chairmen-in-office
Jun 1991 - 31 Dec 1991     Hans-Dietrich Genscher (Germany)   (b. 1927)
1 Jan 1992 - 2 Jul 1992 Jirí Dienstbier (Czechoslovakia)   (b. 1937)
2 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Jozef Moravcik (Czechoslovakia)    (b. 1945)
1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Margaretha af Ugglas (f) (Sweden) (b. 1939)
1 Jan 1994 - 11 May 1994 Beniamino Andreatta (Italy)        (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
11 May 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Antonio Martino (Italy)            (b. 1942)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 László Kovács (Hungary)            (b. 1939)
1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Flavio Cotti (Switzerland)         (b. 1939)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Niels Helveg Petersen (Denmark)    (b. 1939)
1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Bronislaw Geremek (Poland)         (b. 1932)
1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Knut Vollebæk (Norway)             (b. 1946)
1 Jan 2000 - 4 Feb 2000 Wolfgang Schüssel (Austria)        (b. 1945)
4 Feb 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 Benita Ferrero-Waldner (f)         (b. 1948)
                             (Austria)
1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Mircea Geoana (Romania)            (b. 1958)
1 Jan 2002 - 6 Apr 2002 Jaime Gama (Portugal)              (b. 1947)
6 Apr 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 António Martins da Cruz (Portugal) (b. 1946)
1 Jan 2003 - 3 Dec 2003 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de Hoop      (b. 1948)
                             Scheffer (Netherlands)
3 Dec 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Ben Bot (Netherlands)              (b. 1937)
1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Solomon Passy (Bulgaria)           (b. 1956)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Dimitrij Rupel (Slovenia)          (b. 1946)
1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Karel De Gucht (Belgium)           (b. 1954)
1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Miguel Ángel Moratinos (Spain)     (b. 1951) 1 Jan 2008 - 4 Apr 2008 Ilkka Kanerva (Finland)            (b. 1948) 4 Apr 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Alexander Stubb (Finland)          (b. 1968) 1 Jan 2009 - 7 Oct 2009 Dora Bakoyannis (f)(Greece)      (b. 1954) 7 Oct 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Georgiou Papandreou (Greece) (b. 1952) 1 Jan 2010 -              Kanat Saudabayev (Kazakhstan)      (b. 1946)

Presidents of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly 1992 - 1994 Ilkka Suominen (Finland) (b. 1939) 1994 - 1996 Frank Swaelen (Belgium) (b. 1930 - d. 2007) 1996 - 1998 Francisco Javier Rupérez Rubio (b. 1941) (Spain) 1998 - 2000 Helle Degn (f)(Denmark) (b. 1946) 2000 - 2002 Adrian Severin (Romania) (b. 1954) 2002 - 2004 Bruce George (United Kingdom) (b. 1942) 2004 - 2006 Alcee L. Hastings (United States) (b. 1936) Jul 2006 - Jul 2008 Göran Lennmarker (Sweden) (b. 1943) Jul 2008 - João Barroso Soares (Portugal) (b. 1949)

High Commissioners on National Minorities
15 Dec 1992 - 30 Jun 2001 Max van der Stoel (Netherlands) (b. 1924)
1 Jul 2001 - 3 Jul 2007 Rolf Ekéus (Sweden) (b. 1935) 4 Jul 2007 - Knut Vollebaek (Norway) (b. 1946)

OSEC membership (56)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

25 Jun 1973 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia¹, Denmark, Finland, France, East Germany², West Germay²,Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino,Soviet Union³,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Vatican City, Yugoslavia⁴

19 Jun 1991 Albania

10 Sep 1991 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

30 Jan 1992 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

24 Mar 1992 Croatia, Georgia, Slovenia

30 Apr 1992 Bosnia and Hercegovina

1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia

12 Oct 1995 Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)

25 Apr 1996 Andorra

10 Nov 2000 Serbia and Montenegro⁴

22 Jun 2006 Montenegro

¹dissolved 31 Dec 1992. ²East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. ³dissolved 25 Dec 1991; succeeded by Russia. ⁴suspended 7 Jul 1992 - 10 Nov 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.

Pacific Community

1970 - 1971	1971 - 1975	1975 - 1978	1978 - 1980
1980 - 1983	1983 - 6 Dec 1999	Adopted 6 Dec 1999

Pacific Community website

Headquarters: Noumea
(New Caledonia)
(Sydney, Australia 1947-1949)

6 Feb 1947 South Pacific Commission (SPC)
6 Feb 1997 Pacific Community

Secretaries-general
1 Nov 1948 - 3 Jun 1951 William Forsyth (Australia)        (b. 1909 - d. 1993)
                             (1st time)
12 Nov 1951 - 12 Nov 1954 Sir Leslie Brian Freeston (U.K.)   (b. 1892 - d. 1958)
1 Mar 1955 - 28 Feb 1958 Ralph Clairon Bedell (U.S.)        (b. 1904)
1 Mar 1958 - 2 Mar 1963 Thomas R. Smith (New Zealand)      (b. 1904)
24 Mar 1963 - 31 Dec 1966 William Forsyth (Australia)        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1 Jan 1967 - 11 Dec 1969 Sir Gawain Westray Bell (U.K.)     (b. 1909 - d. 1995)
1 Jan 1970 - 18 Feb 1971 Afioga Afoafouvale Misimoa         (d. 1971)
                             (Western Samoa)
18 Feb 1971 - 31 Oct 1971 John E. de Young (U.S.) (acting)
1 Nov 1971 - 30 Nov 1975 Gustav F.D. Betham (Western Samoa) (b. 1915 - d. 1984)
9 Dec 1975 - 30 Jun 1979 E. Macu Salato (Fiji)              (b. 1915 - d. 1990)
1 Jul 1979 - 3 Jun 1982 Young Vivian (Niue)                (b. 1935)
1 Jul 1982 - 30 Nov 1986 Francis Bugotu (Solomon Islands)   (b. 1937 - d. 1992)
9 Dec 1986 - 31 Dec 1988 Palauni M. Tuiasosopo
                             (American Samoa)
1 Jan 1989 - 15 Jun 1989 Jon Jonassen (Cook Islands)        (b. 1949)
                             (acting)
16 Jun 1989 - 5 Jan 1993 Atanraoi Baiteke (Kiribati)
6 Jan 1993 - 7 Jan 1996 Ati George Sokomanu (Vanuatu)      (b. 1937)
8 Jan 1996 - 6 Feb 1997 Robert B. Dun (Australia)          (b. 1930)
Directors-general
6 Feb 1997 - 5 Jan 2000 Robert B. Dun (Australia)          (s.a.)
6 Jan 2000 - 23 Jan 2006 Lourdes Pangelinan (f) (Guam)      (b. 1954)
23 Jan 2006 -              Jimmie Rodgers (Solomon Islands)

Pacific Community membership (26)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

6 Feb 1947 Australia, France, The Netherlands¹, New Zealand, United Kingdom², United States

17 Jul 1965 Western Samoa³

24 Jul 1969 Nauru

5 May 1971 Fiji

16 Sep 1975 Papua New Guinea

17 Nov 1978 Tuvalu

21 Nov 1978 Solomon Islands

13 Oct 1980 Niue

14 Oct 1980 Cook Islands

3 Oct 1983 American Samoa, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna

¹withdrew 31 Dec 1962. ²withdrew 1 Jan 1996, rejoined Jan 1998, withdrew again 1 Jan 2005. ³from 1997 Samoa.

Pacific Islands Forum

[South Pacific forum - Pacific Islands Fourm flag]

PIF website Headquarters: Suva
(Fiji)

5 Aug 1971 South Pacific Forum (SPF)
27 Oct 2000 Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).

Directors of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation
Nov 1972 - 1980            Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 2007)
1980 - 1982                Gabriel Gris (Papua New Guinea)    (d. 1982)
1982 - Jan 1983            John Sheppard (Australia)(acting)
Jan 1983 - 1 Jan 1986     Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1986 - Sep 1988     Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu)     (b. 1930 - d. 2004)
Secretaries-general
Sep 1988 - 1 Jan 1992     Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu)     (s.a.)
1 Jan 1992 - Jan 1998     Ieremia T. Tabai (Kiribati)        (b. 1950)
Feb 1998 - 16 May 2004     W. Noel Levi (Papua New Guinea)    (b. 1942)
16 May 2004 - 2 May 2008 Greg Urwin (Australia)             (b. 1946 - d. 2008) 2 May 2008 - 13 Oct 2008 Feleti Penitala Teo (Tuvalu) (b. 1962) (acting)13 Oct 2008 -            Tuiloma Neroni Slade (Samoa)       (b. 1941)

Pacific Islands Forum membership (16)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

5 Aug 1971 Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji¹, Nauru, New Zealand, Tonga,
Western Samoa²

20 Mar 1974 Papua New Guinea

1 Jul 1975 Niue

29 Aug 1979 Kiribati

16 Sep 1980 Solomon Islands, Tuvalu

14 Jul 1980 Vanuatu

29 May 1987 Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia

3 Sep 1995 Palau

¹suspended from 2 May 2009. ²from 1997 Samoa.

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of PIF

26 Oct 2006 French Polynesia, New Caledonia

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

[Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) flag]

PCA website

Headquarters: The Hague
(The Netherlands)

29 Jul 1899 Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) founded by the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes 'Hague Convention' (effective 4 Sep 1900).
18 Oct 1907 Convention revised by (second) Hague Peace Conference (effective 26 Jan 1910). Secretaries-general (all from The Netherlands) 4 Sep 1900 - 1 Aug 1901 Baron Robert Melvil van Lynden (b. 1843 - d. 1910)
1901 - 1905 Leonard HenriRuyssenaers (b. 1850 - d. 1913) 1 Oct 1905 - 4 Feb 1929 Baron Louis Paul Marie Hubert (b. 1855 - d. 1929) Michiels van Verduynen 1929 - 1947 M.A. Crommelin 1 Jan 1948 - 26 Mar 1951 Jonkheer A.M. Snouck Hurgronje (b. 1882 - d. 1951) 1 Jun 1951 - 4 Feb 1953 A. Loudon (b. 1892 - d. 1953)1954 - 1968 Mark Johan François (b. 1889 - d. 1978) 1968 - 1980 Eric Oswald baron van Boetzelaer (b. 1903 - d. 1991) 1981 - 1990 Jacob Varekamp 1990 - 1999 P.J.H. "Hans" Jonkman (b. 1925) 25 May 1999 - 1 Sep 2008 Tjaco T. van den Hout (b. 1949) 1 Sep 2008 - Christiaan M.J.Kröner (b. 1945)

PCA membership (110)

Date of Admission	Member Nations (being signatory to Hague Conventions 1899 or 1907)
`4 Sep 1900`	`Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany¹, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Persia², Portugal, Romania, Russia³, Siam⁴, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States`
`6 Oct 1900`	`Japan`
`29 Dec 1900`	`Switzerland`
`4 Apr 1901`	`Greece`
`17 Apr 1901`	`Mexico`
`11 May 1901`	`Serbia⁵`
`12 Jul 1901`	`Luxembourg`
`21 Nov 1904`	`China⁶`
`12 Jun 1907`	`Turkey⁷`
`15 Jun 1907`	`Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela`
`17 Jun 1907`	`Uruguay`
`20 Jun 1907`	`El Salvador`
`3 Jul 1907`	`Ecuador`
`26 May 1922`	`Poland`
`9 Jun 1922`	`Finland`
`11 Apr 1929`	`Czechoslovakia⁸`
`29 Jul 1950`	`India`
`5 Aug 1950`	`Pakistan`
`9 Feb 1955`	`Ceylon⁹`
`7 Mar 1955`	`Soviet Union³`
`18 Jul 1955`	`Laos`
`8 Dec 1955`	`Iceland`
`4 Jan 1956`	`Cambodia`
`10 Feb 1959`	`New Zealand`
`1 Apr 1960`	`Australia`
`19 Aug 1960`	`Canada`
`25 Mar 1961`	`Congo (Kinshasa)¹⁰`
`1 Aug 1960`	`Cameroon`
`30 Aug 1961`	`Upper Volta¹¹`
`1 Dec 1961`	`Honduras`
`4 Apr 1962`	`Ukrainian S.S.R.¹²`
`4 Jun 1962`	`Byelorussian S.S.R.¹³`
`17 Jun 1962`	`Israel`
`30 Apr 1966`	`Uganda`
`2 Dec 1966`	`The Sudan`
`14 Feb 1968`	`Lebanon`
`7 Sep 1968`	`Malta`
`4 Nov 1968`	`Egypt`
`3 Aug 1970`	`Mauritius`
`31 Aug 1970`	`Iraq`
`25 Dec 1970`	`Swaziland`
`2 Apr 1973`	`Fiji`
`1 Aug 1977`	`Senegal`
`19 Sep 1984`	`Zimbabwe`
`16 Feb 1987`	`Nigeria`
`8 Oct 1991`	`Croatia`
`27 Jan 1992`	`Jordan`
`4 Jun 1992`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`27 Dec 1992`	`Suriname`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia`
`11 Sep 1993`	`Singapore`
`12 Nov 1993`	`Cyprus`
`23 Sep 1994`	`Liechtenstein`
`2 Sep 1996`	`Libya`
`1 Oct 1996`	`Slovenia`
`4 Oct 1997`	`Eritrea`
`25 Jan 1998`	`Guyana`
`21 Dec 1998`	`South Africa`
`20 Jul 1999`	`Costa Rica`
`31 Dec 1999`	`Zambia`
`21 Feb 2000`	`South Korea`
`17 Feb 2001`	`Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`4 Jun 2001`	`Morocco`
`12 Aug 2001`	`Latvia`
`4 Sep 2001`	`Yugoslavia`
`20 Jan 2002`	`Saudi Arabia`
`6 May 2002`	`Malaysia`
`6 Jul 2002`	`Ireland`
`21 Jan 2003`	`Belize`
`1 Sep 2003`	`Estonia`
`14 Sep 2003`	`Kuwait`
`28 Sep 2003`	`Ethiopia`
`17 Dec 2004`	`Togo`
`9 Jan 2005`	`Lithuania`
`16 Sep 2005`	`Benin`
`2 Dec 2005`	`Qatar`
`5 Jun 2006`	`Serbia⁵`
`11 Jun 2006`	`Kenya`
`10 Apr 2007`	`Montenegro¹⁴`
`29 Aug 2008`	`Bahrain`
`5 Jan 2009`	`United Arab Emirates`
`7 Oct 2009`	`Madagascar`
`¹from 1949 Federal Republic of Germany.` `²from 1935 Iran.` `³from 30 Dec 1922 Soviet Union, which acceded to the Conventions 7 Mar 1955; dissolved 25 Dec 1991 succeeded by Russian Federation.⁴from 1939 Thailand.` `⁵from 1 Dec 1918 part of Serb, Croat and Slovene State; from 3 Oct 1929 Yugoslavia; from 4 Sep 2001 as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.` `⁶Republic of China` `represented China from 1912 until 6 Apr 1972, when the PCA recognized the People's Republic of China` `as the representative of China.` `⁷to 1920 Ottoman Empire.` `⁸dissolved 31 Dec 1993.` `⁹from 1972 Sri Lanka.` `¹⁰to 1966 Congo (Léopoldville), 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹¹from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹²from 1991 Ukraine.¹³from 1991 Belarus.¹⁴Montenegro` `acceded to the Geneva Convention` `16 Oct 1900; part of Yugoslavia from 1918, renamed Serbia and Montenegro from 4 Feb 2003 which dissolved 3 Jun 2006;` `Montenegro` `re-acceded to the Conventionson 10 Apr 2007.`

Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ): see International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA): see COMESA

Red Cross and Red Crescent

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Red Cross Adopted 5 May 1919

Red Crescent Adopted 27 Jul 1929

Red Crystal Adopted 14 Jan 2007

IFRCS website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)(Paris, France
1919-1939)

IFRCS Day: 8 May (1828)
World Red Cross Red
and Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)

5 May 1919                League of Red Cross Societies (LORCS) founded.
27 Jul 1929 Red Crescent adopted as an additional emblem.
11 Oct 1983                League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS).
27 Nov 1991                International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
                             Societies (IFRCS).
22 Jun 2006                Red Crystal approved as an additional emblem.

Chairmen
1919 - 1922                Henry P. Davison (U.S.)            (b. 1867 - d. 1922)
1922 - 1935                John Barton Payne (U.S.)           (b. 1855 - d. 1935)
1935 - 1938                Cary T. Grayson (U.S.)             (b. 1878 - d. 1938)
1938 - 1944                Norman Davis (U.S.)                (b. 1878 - d. 1944)
1944 - 1945                Jean de Muralt (Switzerland) (b. 1877 - d. 1947)                              (Johannes von Muralt)(acting) 1945 - 1950                Basil O'Connor (U.S.)              (b. 1892 - d. 1972) 1950 - 1959                Emil Sandström (Sweden)            (b. 1886 - d. 1962)
1959 - 1965                John MacAulay (Canada)             (b. 1895 - d. 1978)
1965 - 1977                José Barroso (Mexico)              (b. 1925)
Presidents
1977 - 1981                Adetunji Adefarasin (Nigeria)      (b. 1921 - d. 1989)
1981 - 1987                Enrique de la Mata (Spain)         (b. 1933 - d. 1987)
1987 - 1997                Mario Enrique Villarroel Lander    (b. 1947)
                             (Venezuela)
Nov 1997 - 10 Nov 2001     Astrid N. Heiberg (f) (Norway)     (b. 1936)
10 Nov 2001 -              Juan Manuel Suárez del Toro Rivero (b. 1952)
                             (Spain)

Secretaries-generalJul 1919 - 1920 William E. Rappard (Switzerland) (b. 1883 - d. 1958) 1921 - 1926 René Sand (Belgium) (b. 1877 - d. 1953) 1927 - 1930 Tracey B. Kittredge (U.S.) (b. 1891 - d. 1957) 1931 Ernest P. Bicknell (U.S.) (b. 1862 - d. 1935)1931 - Jan 1932 Gordon L. Berry (U.S.) (d. 1932)1932 - 1936 Ernest J. Swift (U.S.)1936 - 1957 Bonabès de Rougé (France) (b. 1891 - d. 1975) 1957 - 1959 Henry W. Dunning (U.S.)1960 - 1981 Henrik Beer (Sweden) (b. 1915 - d. 1987) 1982 - 1987 Hans Hoegh (Norway) 1988 - 1992 Pär Stenbäck (Finland) (b. 1941) 1993 - 1999 George B. Weber (Canada) 2000 - 2003 Didier J. Cherpitel (France) (b. 1944) 2003 - 2008 Markku Niskala (Finland) (b. 1957?) 1 Jul 2008 - Bekele Geleta (Ethiopia) (b. 1944)

IFRCS membership (186)

Date of Admission	Member National Societies
`5 May 1919`	`France, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States`
`27 May 1919`	`Belgium, Norway¹`
`28 May 1919`	`Portugal`
`17 Jun 1919`	`Brazil`
`19 Jun 1919`	`Australia, Peru`
`20 Jun 1919`	`Canada`
`23 Jun 1919`	`Argentina`
`24 Jun 1919`	`South Africa`
`26 Jun 1919`	`Greece,` `Sweden²`
`11 Jul 1919`	`New Zealand`
`12 Jul 1919`	`Denmark³`
`14 Jul 1919`	`Romania`
`15 Jul 1919`	`Venezuela`
`17 Jul 1919`	`Cuba`
`27 Jul 1919`	`China⁴`
`7 Aug 1919`	`India`
`15 Aug 1919`	`The Netherlands`
`22 Aug 1919`	`Serbia⁵, Spain`
`16 Sep 1919`	`Poland`
`2 Nov 1919`	`Switzerland`
`11 Jan 1920`	`Czechoslovakia⁶`
`17 Jan 1920`	`Uruguay`
`1 Feb 1920`	`Chile`
`8 Apr 1921`	`Siam⁷`
`20 Apr 1921`	`Austria`
`8 Jun 1921`	`Finland`
`14 Jun 1921`	`Hungary`
`20 Jul 1921`	`Bulgaria`
`29 Oct 1921`	`Luxembourg`
`23 Mar 1922`	`Paraguay`
`29 Mar 1922`	`Colombia`
`5 Apr 1922`	`Costa Rica`
`15 Jul 1922`	`Germany⁸`
`25 May 1923`	`Bolivia, Danzig Free City⁹, Ecuador`
`2 Aug 1923`	`Albania`
`15 Aug 1923`	`Guatemala`
`5 Oct 1923`	`Mexico`
`7 Jan 1924`	`Netherlands East Indies¹⁰`
`13 Feb 1925`	`Panama`
`30 May 1925`	`Iceland`
`24 Jun 1925`	`El Salvador`
`21 Jan 1929`	`Persia¹¹`
`23 Jun 1929`	`Egypt`
`7 Apr 1930`	`Turkey`
`19 Jan 1931`	`Dominican Republic`
`23 Jun 1934`	`Iraq`
`17 Oct 1934`	`Nicaragua`
`19 Oct 1934`	`Soviet Union¹²`
`3 May 1937`	`Haiti`
`24 Nov 1945`	`Ireland`
`27 Nov 1945`	`Honduras`
`5 Dec 1945`	`Liechtenstein`
`23 May 1946`	`Burma¹³`
`18 Aug 1948`	`Lebanon, Monaco, Pakistan, Philippines, Syria¹⁴`
`16 Oct 1950`	`Ethiopia, Indonesia, Jordan`
`25 Jul 1952`	`Ceylon¹⁵, San Marino, West Germany¹⁶`
`26 Oct 1957`	`Afghanistan, East Germany¹⁶, Laos, North Korea, South Korea, South Vietnam¹⁷, Tunisia`
`4 Nov 1957`	`North Vietnam¹⁷, The Sudan`
`26 Sep 1959`	`Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Mongolia,` `Morocco`
`2 Oct 1961`	`Cambodia, Nigeria, Togo`
`28 Aug 1963`	`Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa)¹⁸, Dahomey¹⁹, Ivory Coast²⁰, Madagascar²¹, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanganyika²², Trinidad and Tobago, Upper Volta²³`
`28 Sep 1965`	`Jamaica, Nepal, Niger, Uganda`
`5 Sep 1967`	`Kenya, Zambia`
`1 Sep 1969`	`Guyana, Kuwait, Mali, Somalia`
`12 Oct 1971`	`Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi`
`2 Nov 1973`	`Bahrain, Bangladesh, Fiji, Mauritania, Singapore`
`29 Oct 1975`	`Central African Republic, The Gambia`
`7 Oct 1977`	`The Bahamas, Congo (Brazzaville), Mauritius, Papua New Guinea`
`4 Oct 1979`	`Swaziland`
`2 Nov 1981`	`Qatar, Tonga`
`8 Oct 1983`	`Rwanda, Yemen (Sana)²⁴, Zimbabwe`
`20 Oct 1985`	`Barbados,` `Belize,` `Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Western Samoa²⁵` `Yemen (Aden)²⁴`
`18 Oct 1986`	`Angola, Djibouti, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Saint Lucia, Suriname, United Arab Emirates`
`23 Nov 1987`	`Grenada`
`21 Oct 1989`	`Chad, Dominica, Mozambique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`25 Nov 1991`	`Latvia²⁶, Lithuania²⁷, Solomon Islands`
`25 Oct 1993`	`Antigua and Barbuda, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia²⁸, Malta, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Vanuatu`
`27 Nov 1995`	`Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Equatorial Guinea, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan`
`20 Nov 1997`	`Brunei Darussalam, Georgia, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, Tajikistan`
`23 Oct 1999`	`Gabon`
`7 Nov 2001`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina, Moldova`
`28 Nov 2003`	`Cook Islands, Kazakhstan, Federated States of Micronesia`
`11 Nov 2005`	`Comoros, East Timor`
`22 Jun 2006`	`Israel, Palestinian Territory`
`20 Nov 2007`	`Montenegro²⁹`
`¹Norway withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1 Jan 1930.²Sweden withdrew 7 May 1927, rejoined 1930.` `³Denmark withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1930.⁴from Oct 1950 the national Red Cross Society of People's Republic of China was a participant of the Federation's Board of Governors meetings and therefore accepted by the Federation as the Chinese Red Cross (the Chinese Red Cross was partly disbanded 1966-1978);in 1952 at 28th International Conference of the Red Cross, the Standing Commission of the Red Cross invited the People's Republic of China to attend as a delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China [Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer.Formosa (Taiwan) was invited as an observer at 1957 and 1965, Taiwan has not been invited since 13 Sep 1969.` `⁵part of Yugoslavia` `from` `1 Dec 1918;` `from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro, dissolved 5 Jun 2006, succeeded by Serbia. ⁶dissoloved 31 Dec 1992.` `⁷from 1941 Thailand.` `⁸IFRCS recognition revoked 1945.⁹from 1939 annexed by Germany, from 1945 part of Poland.` `¹⁰from 1949 independent as Indonesia, which joined 16 Oct 1950.¹¹from 1935 Iran.` `¹²dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia; succession formally recognized 5 Oct 1992.` `¹³from 1989 Myanmar.` `¹⁴the Syrian Red Crescent was recognized by IFRCS as part of United Arab Republic Red Crescent on 29 Sep 1959, but was readmitted on 29 Sep 1962.¹⁵from 1972 Sri Lanka. ¹⁶East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany, the separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991.¹⁷South Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.` `¹⁸Congo` `(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁹from 1975 Benin.²⁰from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.` `²¹to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.` `²²from 26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.²³from 1984 Burkina Faso.` `²⁴Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen, the separate national societies unnited 18 Jul 1990.²⁵from 1997 Samoa. ²⁶Latvian Red Cross originally admitted 10 Jan 1923.` `²⁷Lithuanian Red Cross originally admitted 12 Jan 1924.` `²⁸Estonian Red Cross originally admitted 25 Feb 1922.²⁹provisional member 26 Oct 2006 - 20 Nov 2007.`

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

Adopted 22 Aug 1864

ICRC Flag Adopted c.1975

ICRC website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

ICRC Day: 8 May (1828)
World Red Cross Red
Crescent Day

9 Feb 1863 International Committee for Relief to the Wounded founded, birth of the International Red Cross Movement (ICRM) begun by Jean Henri Dunant (b. 1828 - d. 1910). 22 Aug 1864 First Geneva Convention signed. 20 Dec 1875 Renamed International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

Presidents (all from Switzerland)
9 Feb 1863 - 31 Mar 1864 Guillaume Henri Dufour             (b. 1787 - d. 1875)
31 Mar 1864 - 21 Aug 1910 Gustave Moynier                    (b. 1826 - d. 1910)
26 Aug 1910 - 31 Mar 1928 Gustave Ador                       (b. 1845 - d. 1928) 1917 - 1920    Édouard Naville                (b. 1844 - d. 1926)                              (acting for Ador) 12 May 1928 - 31 Dec 1944 Max Huber                          (b. 1874 - d. 1960) 1 Jan 1945 - May 1948     Carl Burckhardt (b. 1891 - d. 1974) (absent 24 Feb 1945 - Apr 1948) 24 Feb 1945 - Feb 1947    Max Huber                        (s.a.)                              (acting for Burckhardt) Feb 1947 - May 1948      Ernest Gloor                       (b. 1893 - d. 1964)                            + Martin Bodmer                    (b. 1899 - d. 1971)                              (acting for Burckhardt)
12 May 1948 - 31 Aug 1955 Paul Ruegger                       (b. 1897 - d. 1988)
1 Sep 1955 - 30 Sep 1964 Léopold Boissier                   (b. 1893 - d. 1968)
1 Oct 1964 - Jan 1969     Samuel Gonard                      (b. 1896 - d. 1975)
9 Jan 1969 - 31 May 1973 Marcel Naville                     (b. 1919 - d. 2003)
1 Jun 1973 - 30 Jun 1976 Eric Martin                        (b. 1900 - d. 1980)
1 Jul 1976 - 6 May 1987 Alexandre Hay                      (b. 1919 - d. 1991)
7 May 1987 - 31 Dec 1999 Cornelio Sommaruga                 (b. 1932)
1 Jan 2000 -              Jakob Kellenberger                 (b. 1944)

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)


Adopted 1982

ICRM website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

9 Feb 1863 International Committee for Relief to the Wounded founded, birth of the International Red Cross Movement (ICRM).26 Oct 1928 International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) formally established with the adoption of "Statutes of the International Red Cross"

Chairmen of the Standing Commission1928 - 1934 Pierre Nolf (Belgium) (b. 1873 - d. 1953) 1934 - 1938 Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (Japan) (b. 1863 - d. 1940) 1938 - 1946 Sir Arthur Stanley (U.K.) (b. 1869 - d. 1947) 1946 - 1948 Count Folke Bernadotte (Sweden) (b. 1894 - d. 1948) 1948 - 1965 André François-Poncet (France) (b. 1887 - d. 1978) 1965 - 1973 Angela Olivia Pery, Countess of (b. 1897 - d. 1981) Limerick (f) (U.K.) 1973 - 1977 Sir Geoffrey Newman-Morris (b. 1909 - d. 1981) (Australia) 1977 - 1981 Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh (U.K.) (b. 1909 - d. 1994) 1981 - 1993 Ahmed Abu-Goura (Jordan) 1993 - 1995 Botho Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein- (b. 1927 - d. 2008) Hohenstein (Germany) 1995 - 2003 Princess Margriet van Oranje- (b. 1943)
Nassau(f) (The Netherlands) 5 Dec 2003 - Mohammed Al-Hadid (Jordan) (b. 1951?)

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) membership (186)

Date of ICRC Recognition	National Societies
`16 Dec 1863`	`Württemberg¹`
`2 Jan 1864`	`Oldenburg¹`
`4 Feb 1864`	`Belgium`
`6 Feb 1864`	`Prussia¹`
`15 Jun 1864`	`Italy`
`24 Jun 1864`	`Mecklenburg-Schwerin¹`
`18 Oct 1864`	`Hamburg Free City¹`
`19 Dec 1864`	`Hesse-Darmstadt¹`
`13 Apr 1865`	`Sweden`
`22 Sep 1865`	`Norway`
`7 Jun 1866`	`Saxony¹`
`29 Jun 1866`	`Baden¹`
`22 Aug 1866`	`Switzerland`
`15 May 1867`	`Russia`
`5 Jan 1868`	`Bavaria¹`
`8 Aug 1868`	`Turkey`
`21 Sep 1868`	`The Netherlands`
`4 Aug 1870`	`United Kingdom`
`10 Feb 1876`	`Montenegro²`
`27 Apr 1876`	`Denmark`
`14 Jun 1876`	`Serbia`
`23 Aug 1876`	`Romania`
`6 Oct 1877`	`Greece`
`14 Mar 1880`	`Austria`
`8 May 1880`	`Peru`
`10 Jan 1882`	`Argentina`
`20 Jan 1882`	`Hungary`
`20 Sep 1882`	`United States`
`20 Oct 1885`	`Bulgaria`
`13 Jul 1887`	`Portugal`
`2 Sep 1887`	`Japan`
`14 Jun 1889`	`Congo Free State³`
`6 Jun 1893`	`Spain`
`7 Apr 1896`	`Venezuela`
`15 Jun 1900`	`Uruguay`
`25 Jun 1900`	`Transvaal⁴`
`23 Oct 1905`	`Korea⁵`
`1 Mar 1907`	`France`
`30 Apr 1909`	`Chile`
`7 Sep 1909`	`Cuba`
`3 Jan 1912`	`Mexico`
`15 Jan 1912`	`China⁶`
`16 Mar 1912`	`Brazil`
`14 Oct 1914`	`Luxembourg`
`14 Jul 1919`	`Poland`
`1 Dec 1919`	`Czechoslovakia⁷`
`24 May 1920`	`Finland`
`27 May 1920`	`Siam⁸`
`15 Oct 1921`	`Soviet Union⁹`
`16 Mar 1922`	`Costa Rica`
`22 Mar 1922`	`Paraguay`
`23 Mar 1922`	`Colombia`
`10 Oct 1922`	`Danzig Free City¹⁰`
`10 Jan 1923`	`Bolivia`
`10 Apr 1923`	`Ecuador`
`2 Aug 1923`	`Albania`
`15 Aug 1923`	`Guatemala`
`1 Feb 1924`	`Egypt`
`20 Apr 1924`	`Panama`
`30 May 1924`	`Persia¹¹`
`9 Apr 1925`	`Iceland`
`25 Apr 1925`	`El Salvador`
`15 Nov 1927`	`Canada`
`16 Nov 1927`	`Dominican Republic`
`17 Nov 1927`	`Australia`
`10 May 1928`	`South Africa¹²`
`28 Feb 1929`	`India`
`16 Jun 1932`	`New Zealand`
`16 Jun 1934`	`Iraq`
`15 Sep 1934`	`Nicaragua`
`19 Sep 1935`	`Haiti`
`26 Sep 1935`	`Ethiopia`
`5 Aug 1938`	`Honduras`
`20 Apr 1939`	`Burma¹³`
`2 Nov 1939`	`Ireland`
`22 Jun 1945`	`Liechtenstein`
`12 Oct 1946`	`Syria¹⁴`
`30 Jan 1947`	`Lebanon`
`5 May 1947`	`Philippines`
`20 Mar 1948`	`Monaco`
`21 Jul 1948`	`Pakistan`
`9 Dec 1948`	`Transjordan¹⁵`
`15 Jun 1950`	`Indonesia`
`19 Oct 1950`	`San Marino`
`6 Mar 1952`	`Ceylon¹⁶`
`26 Jun 1952`	`West Germany¹⁷`
`2 Sep 1954`	`Afghanistan`
`6 Nov 1954`	`East Germany¹⁷`
`26 May 1955`	`South Korea`
`2 Feb 1956`	`North Korea`
`23 May 1957`	`Laos, South Vietnam¹⁸`
`12 Sep 1957`	`Tunisia`
`1 Nov 1957`	`North Vietnam¹⁸, The Sudan`
`7 Aug 1958`	`Morocco`
`9 Sep 1958`	`Libya`
`5 Feb 1959`	`Ghana, Liberia`
`15 Sep 1959`	`Mongolia`
`6 Oct 1960`	`Cambodia`
`4 May 1961`	`Nigeria`
`7 Sep 1961`	`Togo`
`1 Nov 1962`	`Sierra Leone, Upper Volta¹⁹`
`4 Jul 1963`	`Algeria, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa)²⁰, Malaysia`
`8 Aug 1963`	`Ivory Coast²¹, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Tanganyika²², Trinidad and Tobago`
`22 Aug 1963`	`Burundi, Dahomey²³`
`26 Aug 1963`	`Madagascar²⁴`
`1 Oct 1964`	`Jamaica, Nepal`
`2 Sep 1965`	`Uganda`
`2 Dec 1965`	`Niger`
`3 Nov 1966`	`Kenya`
`8 Dec 1966`	`Zambia`
`14 Sep 1967`	`Mali`
`6 Jun 1968`	`Kuwait`
`8 Aug 1968`	`Guyana`
`3 Jul 1969`	`Somalia`
`5 Feb 1970`	`Botswana`
`23 Jul 1970`	`Malawi`
`7 Sep 1971`	`Lesotho`
`14 Sep 1972`	`Bahrain`
`6 Jun 1973`	`Mauritania`
`20 Sep 1973`	`Bangladesh, Fiji, Singapore`
`24 Oct 1973`	`Central African Republic`
`10 Oct 1974`	`The Gambia`
`16 Dec 1976`	`The Bahamas, Congo (Brazzaville)`
`15 Sep 1977`	`Mauritius, Papua New Guinea`
`4 Apr 1979`	`Swaziland`
`15 Oct 1981`	`Tonga`
`26 Oct 1981`	`Qatar`
`22 Apr 1982`	`Yemen (Sana)²⁵`
`6 Oct 1982`	`Rwanda`
`7 Sep 1983`	`Zimbabwe`
`15 Mar 1984`	`Belize`
`30 Aug 1984`	`Barbados, Western Samoa²⁶,` `Yemen (Aden)²⁵`
`14 Mar 1985`	`Cape Verde`
`3 Oct 1985`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`27 Aug 1986`	`Guinea-Bissau, United Arab Emirates`
`1 Oct 1986`	`Angola, Guinea, Saint Lucia, Suriname`
`15 Oct 1986`	`Djibouti`
`12 Mar 1987`	`Grenada`
`15 Apr 1988`	`Chad`
`29 Sep 1988`	`Mozambique`
`15 Mar 1989`	`Dominica`
`4 Oct 1989`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`3 Oct 1991`	`Solomon Islands`
`7 Nov 1991`	`Lithuania²⁷`
`20 Nov 1991`	`Latvia²⁸`
`3 Jun 1992`	`Seychelles`
`27 Aug 1992`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`4 Nov 1992`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`3 Jun 1993`	`Seychelles`
`31 Mar 1993`	`Estonia²⁹, Namibia`
`25 Aug 1993`	`Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia`
`29 Sep 1993`	`Ukraine, Vanuatu`
`21 Oct 1993`	`Malta`
`24 Mar 1994`	`Andorra`
`28 Sep 1994`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`24 Aug 1995`	`Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan`
`1 Nov 1995`	`Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`6 Nov 1996`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`19 Mar 1997`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`30 Sep 1997`	`Kiribati, Palau`
`6 Nov 1997`	`Georgia, Tajikistan`
`19 Aug 1999`	`Gabon`
`8 May 2001`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`24 Oct 2001`	`Moldova`
`12 Dec 2002`	`Cook Islands`
`20 Nov 2003`	`Kazakhstan, Federated States of Micronesia`
`22 Sep 2005`	`Comoros`
`9 Nov 2005`	`East Timor`
`22 Jun 2006`	`Israel, Palestinian Territory`
`21 Sep 2006`	`Montenegro³⁰`
`¹unifiedon 25 Jan 1921 as Red Cross Society of Germany, which was de facto recognized by the ICRC until 1945.²Montenegro and Serbia` `were part of Yugoslavia` `from` `1 Dec 1918;` `from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; dissolved 5 Jun 2006, succeeded by Serbia. ³from 1908 a branch of the Belgian Red Cross;` `recognized by ICRC 4 Jul 1963 as` `Congo (Kinshasa) Red Cross.⁴from 1902 a branch of the British Red Cross; from` `1921 part of South African Red Cross which was recognized by ICRC on 10 May 1928.` `⁵from 1910 a branch of Japanese Red Cross; separate North and South Korean Red Cross Societies recognized in 1955 and 1956.⁶at 28th International Conference of the Red Cross in 1952, the Standing Commission of the Red Cross invited the People's Republic of China to attend as a delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China [Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer, on the principle that there may only be only one National Red Cross Society per country. On 28 Jul 1952 the invitations of the Standing Commission were confirmed by a vote of Conference delegates.Formosa (Taiwan) was an invited observer 1957 and 1965. Taiwan was not invited as an observer after 13 Sep 1969; The People's Republic of China Red Cross Society was disbanded during the Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1978.⁷dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁸from 1941 Thailand.` `⁹Russian Red Cross est.1867 by decree of 6 Jan 1918 became the Soviet Red Cross, from 1924, Alliance of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR; dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia; succession recognized 1 Jul 1992.¹⁰from 1939 annexed by Germany, from 1945 part of Poland.¹¹from 1935 Iran.` `¹²suspended from ICRC conference participation` `25 Oct 1986 - Nov 1986.¹³from 1989 Myanmar.` `¹⁴Syria along with Egypt was part of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961; the ICRC did not recognize this new structure as such, but informed other National Red Cross Societies on 10 Sep 1959 that the Syrian Red Crescent was a component of the UAR Red Crescent; on 31 Jul 1962 ICRC noted its autonomy was restored.` `¹⁵from 1950 Jordan.¹⁶from 1972 Sri Lanka. ¹⁷East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany, the separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991. ¹⁸South Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹⁹from 1984 Burkina Faso. ²⁰Congo` `(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. ²¹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.²²from 26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.` `²³from 1975 Benin.²⁴to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.` `²⁵Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen the separate national societies united 18 Jul 1990.²⁶from 1997 Samoa.` `²⁷Lithuanian Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 28 Aug 1923.` `²⁸Latvian Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 10 Jan 1923.` `²⁹from` `Estonian Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 11 Apr 1922.` `³⁰provisional member to 20 Nov 2007.`
`Note: the procedure of recognition of new National Societies by the ICRC came into force from 1887. National Societies created before this date became members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) without formal recognition by the ICRC.`

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation flag]

SCO website Headquarters: Beijing
(China)

26 Apr 1996                Regional security treaty signed by the "Shanghai Five."
15 Jun 2001                Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
15 Jan 2004                Secretariat inaugurated.

Secretaries-general
15 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2006 Zhang Deguang (China) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2009 Bolat Kabdylkhamitovich (b. 1951) Nurgaliyev (Kazakhstan) 1 Jan 2010 - Muratbek Sansyzbayevich Imanaliyev(b. 1956) (Kyrgyzstan)

SCO membership (6)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

15 Jun 2001 China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia,
Tajikistan

7 Jun 2002 Uzbekistan

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

[Flag of SAARC]
Adopted 8 Dec 1985

SAARC website Headquarters: Kathmandu
(Nepal) SAARC Day: 8 Dec (1985)
SAARC Charter Day

8 Dec 1985 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
established.

Secretaries-general
16 Jan 1987 - 15 Oct 1989 Abul Ahsan (Bangladesh)            (b. 1937? - d. 2008)17 Oct 1989 - 31 Dec 1991 Kant Kishore Bhargava (India)
1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1993 Ibrahim Hussain Zaki (Maldives)
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1995 Yadav Kant Silwal (Nepal)          (b. 1938)
1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1998 Naeem U. Hasan (Pakistan)          (b. 1941)
1 Jan 1999 - 10 Jan 2002 Nihal Rodrigo (Sri Lanka)
11 Jan 2002 - 28 Feb 2005 Q.A.M.A. Rahim (Bangladesh)        (b. 1942)
1 Mar 2005 - 29 Feb 2008 Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji (Bhutan)     (b. 1943) 1 Mar 2008 -              Sheel Kanta Sharma (India)         (b. 1950)

SAARC membership (8)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

8 Dec 1985 Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
3 Apr 2007 Afghanistan

South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)

[SEATO flag]
Adopted 19 Feb 1959

South East Asia Collective
Defense Treaty
(8 Sep 1954) Headquarters: Bangkok
(Thailand) SEATO Day: 8 Sep (1954)
SEATO Day

8 Sep 1954 Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty signed.19 Feb 1955 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization established. 30 Jun 1977 SEATO dissolved.

Secretaries-general
5 Sep 1957 - 13 Dec 1963 Pote Sarasin (Thailand)            (b. 1905 - d. 2000)
13 Dec 1963 - 19 Feb 1964 William Worth (Australia) (acting)
19 Feb 1964 - 1 Jul 1965 Konthi Suphamongkhon (Thailand)    (b. 1916)
1 Jul 1965 - 5 Sep 1972 Jesus Vargas (Philippines)         (b. 1905)
5 Sep 1972 - 30 Jun 1977 Sunthorn Hongladarom (Thailand)    (b. 1912)

SEATO membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

19 Feb 1955 Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan¹, Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States

¹withdrew 7 Nov 1973.

South Pacific Forum: see Pacific Islands Forum

Southern African Development Community (SADC)


1980 - 1992


Adopted 28 Aug 1995

SADC website

Hear Anthem
"SADC Anthem"
Adopted Aug 2004

Headquarters: Gaborone
(Botswana)

SADC Day: 17 Aug (1992)
SADC Day

1 Apr 1980 Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC).
17 Aug 1992 Southern African Development Community (SADC).

Executive Secretaries
1980 - 1982                Lebang Mpotokwane (Botswana)       (b. 1944)
                             (1st time)(acting)
Jun 1982 - 1984            FrederickArthur Blumeris (d. 1984) (Zimbabwe)
1984                       Lebang Mpotokwane (Botswana)       (s.a.)                              (2nd time)(acting)
1984 - 31 Dec 1993         Simba Makoni (Zimbabwe)            (b. 1950)
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1999 Kaire Mbuende (Namibia)            (b. 1953)
1 Jan 2000 - 31 Aug 2005 Prega Ramsamy (Mauritius)          (b. 1950)
                             (acting to 9 Mar 2001)
1 Sep 2005 -              Tomaz Augusto Salomão (Mozambique) (b. 1954)

SADC membership (15)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

1 Apr 1980 Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

31 Mar 1990 Namibia

30 Aug 1994 South Africa

28 Aug 1995 Mauritius

8 Sep 1997 Congo (Kinshasa), Seychelles¹

18 Aug 2005 Madagascar²

¹withdrew 1 Jul 2004, rejoined 17 Aug 2008. ²suspended from 30 Mar 2009.

Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)


Adopted 16 Dec 1996 (Spanish)


(Portuguese variant)

MERCOSUR website
------------------
PARLASUR website

Headquarters: Montevideo
(Uruguay)

MERCOSUR Day:
26 Mar (1991)
Día del MERCOSUR

26 Mar 1991                Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur/Mercosul)
                             founded by Treaty of Asuncion.
17 Dec 1994                Customs union inaugurated.
1 Jan 1997                Secretariat inaugurated. 6 Dec 2006 Parlamento del Mercosur (Parlasur/Parlasul) effective.

Directors of the Executive Secretariat 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1998 Jorge Enrique Fernández Reyes (Uruguay) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 2000 Ramón Antero Díaz Pereira (Paraguay) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2002 Santiago González Cravino (Argentina) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2005 Reginaldo Braga Arcuri (Brazil) (b. 1955?) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2007 José Ernesto Büttner Limprich (Paraguay) 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2009 José Manuel Quijano Capurro (Uruguay) 1 Dec 2010 - Agustín Miguel Colombo Sierra (b. 1952) (Argentina)

Parlasur/Parlasul Presidents ofthe Mercosur Parliament 6 Dec 2006 – 29 Jun 2007 Alfonso Gonzalez Nuñez(Paraguay) (b. 1964) 29 Jun 2007 – 18 Dec 2007 Carlos Roberto Conde Carreras (b. 1952) (Uruguay) 18 Dec 2007 – 28 Jun 2008 José Juan Bautista Pampuro (b. 1949) (1st time)(Argentina) 28 Jun 2008 – 10 Feb 2009 Florisvaldo Fier (Brazil) (b. 1950) 10 Feb 2009 – 17 Aug 2009 Ignacio Ramón Mendoza Unzaín (Paraguay) 17 Aug 2009 - 2 Feb 2010 Juan José Dominguez (Uruguay) 2 Feb 2010 - José Juan Bautista Pampuro (s.a.) (2nd time)(Argentina)

MERCOSUR membership (4)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

26 Mar 1991 Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of Mercosur

1 Oct 1996 Chile

1 Jan 1997 Bolivia

25 Aug 2003 Peru

1 Jul 2004 Colombia, Ecuador

Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)

[Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) unofficial flag]

Adopted 23 May 2008 Unofficial

UNASUR website

Headquarters: Brasilia
(Brazil) (interim)

8 Dec 2004 South American Community of Nations. 23 May 2008 Union of South American Nations(Unión de Naciones Suramericanas/ União de Nações Sul-Americanas) founded.

Presidents
23 May 2008 - 10 Aug 2009 Verónica Michelle Bachelet (f) (b. 1951)
(Chile)(pro tempore) 10 Aug 2009 - Rafael Correa Delgado (Ecuador) (b. 1963)Secretary23 May 2008 - Jorge D'Escragnolle Taunay Filho (b. 1947?) (Brazil)(interim)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`23 May 2008`	`Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru,` `Suriname,` `Uruguay, Venezuela`

United Nations (UN)


Apr 1945 - 7 Dec 1946


Adopted 7 Dec 1946

UN website

Headquarters:
New York City
(United States);
(London, UK 1946;
Geneva, Switzerland 1946-10 Jan 1951 )

UN Day: 24 Oct (1945)
United Nations Day

United Nations Charter
(26 Jun 1945)

Universal Declaration
of Human Rights
(10 Dec 1948)

26 Jun 1945                UN Charter signed.
24 Oct 1945                UN Charter effective.
18 Apr 1946                League of Nations officially transfers its assets
                             and responsibilities to the United Nations.

Secretaries-general
24 Oct 1945 - 29 Jan 1946 Sir Gladwyn Jebb (U.K.) (acting)   (b. 1900 - d. 1996)
2 Feb 1946 - 10 Apr 1953 Trygve Lie (Norway)                (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
10 Apr 1953 - 18 Sep 1961 Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden)          (b. 1905 - d. 1961)
3 Nov 1961 - 31 Dec 1971 U Thant (Burma)                    (b. 1909 - d. 1974)
                             (acting to 30 Nov 1962)
1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1981 Kurt Waldheim (Austria)            (b. 1918 - d. 2007)
1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1991 Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (Peru)     (b. 1920)
1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1996 Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt)      (b. 1922)
1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2006 Kofi Annan (Ghana)                 (b. 1938)
1 Jan 2007 -              Ban Ki Moon (South Korea)          (b. 1944)

¹from 19 Sep 1991 Belarus.²the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 15 Nov 1971, when the UN voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.³dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁴on 21 Feb 1958, the United Arab Republic was established by a union of Egypt and Syria and continued as a single member. On 13 Oct 1961, Syria, having resumed its status as an independent state, resumed its separate membership. On 2 Sep 1971 the United Arab Republic was renamed Arab Republic of Egypt.⁵dissolved 25 Dec 1991; Russia succeeded to Soviet seat.⁶from 1991 Ukraine.⁷Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia broke up in 1992; in 8 Apr 1992 Montenegro and Serbia reconstituted as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia assumed the former Yugoslav seat, on 22 Sep 1992 the rump Yugoslavia was suspended from participation in the General Assembly and told to reapply for membership, which it did in 2000 (admitted 1 Nov 2000); from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁸from 12 Nov 1974 to 23 Jun 1994 the General Assembly refused to accept the credentials of the South African delegation because of the country's apartheid policies, but South Africa retained membership.⁹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990.¹⁰from 1989 Myanmar.¹¹withdrew 20 Jan 1965; rejoined 28 Sep 1966.¹²from 1972 Sri Lanka. ¹³from 1963 Malaysia. ¹⁴1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁵from 1975 Benin.¹⁶from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire. ¹⁷to 30 Dc 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹⁸from 1984 Burkina Faso. ¹⁹Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.²⁰East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. ²¹from 1997 Samoa.


United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

UNICEF website

Headquarters: New York City (United States)

UNICEF Day: 20 Nov (1959)
Universal Children's Day

11 Dec 1946 United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) created as a temporary agency of the United Nations. 6 Oct 1953 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)made a permanent specialized agency of the United Nations.
20 Nov 1959 Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted by U.N.

Executive Directors
11 Dec 1946 - 19 Jan 1965 Maurice Pate (U.S.)                (b. 1894 - d. 1965)
Mar 1965 - 31 Dec 1979     Henry Labouisse (U.S.)             (b. 1904 - d. 1987)
1 Jan 1980 - 28 Jan 1995 James Grant (U.S.)                 (b. 1922 - d. 1995)
1 May 1995 - 30 Apr 2005 Carol Bellamy (f) (U.S.)           (b. 1942)
1 May 2005 -              Ann M. Veneman (f) (U.S.)          (b. 1949)

UNICEF membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

11 Dec 1946 the Executive Board consists of 36 members, elected for a three-year term with the following regional allocation of seats: 8 African states, 7 Asian states, 4 Eastern European states, 5 Latin American and Caribbean states and 12 Western European and other states (including Japan). The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)elects states to sit on the UNICEF Executive Board from state members of the United Nations or of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)


Adopted 30 Dec 1964

UNCTAD website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

20 Mar 1964 - 6 Jun 1964 The first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development takes place.
30 Dec 1964 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) established as a permanent organ of the UN General Assembly. Secretaries-general 1963 - Mar 1969 Raúl Prebisch (Argentina) (b. 1901 - d. 1986) Mar 1969 - Mar 1974 Manuel Pérez-Guerrero (Venezuela) (b. 1911 - d. 1985) Apr 1974 - Dec 1984 Gamani Corea (Sri Lanka) (b. 1925) 1985 Alister McIntyre (Grenada) (acting) (b. 1930) 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Mar 1994 Kenneth K.S. Dadzie (Ghana) (b. 1930 - d. 1995) 1 Apr 1994 - 14 Sep 1995 Carlos Fortin (Chile) (1st time) (b. 1940) (acting) 15 Sep 1995 - 15 Sep 2004 Rubens Ricupero (Brazil) (b. 1937) 15 Sep 2004 - 31 Aug 2005 Carlos Fortin (Chile) (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 1 Sep 2005 - Supachai Panitchpakdi (Thailand) (b. 1946)

UNCTAD membership (193)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`30 Dec 1964`	`Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Byelorussian S.S.R.¹, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma², Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Ceylon³, Chad, Chile, China⁴, Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa)⁵, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia⁶, Dahomey⁷, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia⁸, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast⁹, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar¹⁰, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, San Marino, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa¹¹, South Korea, South Vietnam¹², Soviet Union¹³, Spain, The Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian S.S.R.¹⁴, United Kingdom, United States, Upper Volta¹⁵, Uruguay, Vatican City, Venezuela, West Germany¹⁶, Western Samoa¹⁷, Yemen (Sana)¹⁸, Yugoslavia¹⁹`
`1 Jan 1965`	`Malawi, Malta, Zambia`
`21 Sep 1965`	`The Gambia, Maldives, Singapore`
`20 Sep 1966`	`Guyana`
`17 Oct 1966`	`Botswana, Lesotho`
`9 Dec 1966`	`Barbados`
`14 Dec 1967`	`Yemen (Aden)¹⁸`
`24 Apr 1968`	`Mauritius`
`24 Sep 1968`	`Swaziland`
`12 Nov 1968`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`13 Oct 1970`	`Fiji`
`21 Sep 1971`	`Bahrain, Bhutan, Qatar`
`7 Oct 1971`	`Oman`
`9 Dec 1971`	`United Arab Emirates`
`18 Sep 1973`	`The Bahamas, East Germany¹⁶`
`17 Sep 1974`	`Bangladesh, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau`
`16 Sep 1975`	`Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe`
`10 Oct 1975`	`Papua New Guinea`
`12 Nov 1975`	`Comoros`
`4 Dec 1975`	`Suriname`
`21 Sep 1976`	`Seychelles`
`1 Dec 1976`	`Angola`
`20 Sep 1977`	`Djibouti, Vietnam`
`19 Sep 1978`	`Solomon Islands`
`18 Dec 1978`	`Dominica`
`18 Sep 1979`	`Saint Lucia`
`25 Aug 1980`	`Zimbabwe`
`16 Sep 1980`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`15 Sep 1981`	`Vanuatu`
`25 Sep 1981`	`Belize`
`11 Nov 1981`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`23 Sep 1983`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`21 Sep 1984`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`23 Apr 1990`	`Namibia`
`17 Sep 1991`	`Estonia, North Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia`
`2 Mar 1992`	`Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan`
`9 Mar 1992`	`Azerbaijan`
`22 May 1992`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Slovenia`
`31 Jul 1992`	`Georgia`
`19 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia`
`8 Apr 1993`	`Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`28 May 1993`	`Eritrea`
`28 Jul 1993`	`Andorra`
`15 Dec 1994`	`Palau`
`14 Sep 1999`	`Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga`
`5 Sep 2000`	`Tuvalu`
`1 Nov 2000`	`Serbia and Montenegro¹⁹`
`27 Sep 2002`	`East Timor`
`28 Jun 2006`	`Montenegro`
`¹from 19 Sep 1991` `Sep 1991 Belarus.` `²from 1989 Myanmar.³from 1972 Sri Lanka.⁴the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 25 Oct 1971, when the UNCTAD voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.⁵Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.⁶dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁷from 1975 Benin.` `⁸withdrew 20 Jan 1965; rejoined 28 Sep 1966.⁹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.` `¹⁰to 30 Dc 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹¹from 12 Nov 1974 to 23 Jun 1994 the General Assembly refused to accept the credentials of the South African delegation because of the country's apartheid policies, but South Africa retained membership.¹²Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam.` `¹³dissolved 25 Dec 1991; Russia succeeded to Soviet seat.¹⁴from 1991 Ukraine.¹⁵from 1984 Burkina Faso.` `¹⁶East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.¹⁷from 1997 Samoa.¹⁸Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990.¹⁹Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia broke up in 1992; in 8 Apr 1992 Montenegro and Serbia reconstituted as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia assumed the former Yugoslav seat, on 22 Sep 1992 the rump Yugoslavia was suspended from participation in the General Assembly and told to reapply for membership, which it did in 2000 (admitted 1 Nov 2000); from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.`

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)


Adopted 22 Nov 1965

UNDP website

Headquarters: New York
(United States)

UNDP Day: 24 Oct (1970)
World Development
Information Day

22 Nov 1965 UNDPestablished as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Administrators Jan 1966 - 1972 Paul G. Hoffman (U.S.) (b. 1891 - d. 1974) 1972 - 1976 Rudolph A. Peterson (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 2004) 1976 - 1986 F. Bradford Morse (U.S.) (b. 1921 - d. 1994) 1986 - 1993 William H. Draper III (U.S.) (b. 1928) 1993 - 30 Jun 1999 James Gustave Speth (U.S.) (b. 1942) 1 Jul 1999 - Aug 2005 Mark Malloch Brown (U.K.) (b. 1953) 15 Aug 2005 - 28 Feb 2009 Kemal Dervis (Turkey) (b. 1949) 1 Mar 2009 - 20 Apr 2009 Ad Melkert (Netherlands)(acting) (b. 1956) 20 Apr 2009 - Helen E. Clark (f) (New Zealand) (b. 1950)

UNDP membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`22 Nov 1965`	`36 Executive Board members selected on a rotating basis from all regions`

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

[Flag of UNESCO]

UNESCO website World Heritage
Properties List Hear Anthem
"UNESCO Hymne" Headquarters:
Paris (France) UNESCO Day: 18 Apr
World Heritage Day

4 Nov 1946 UNESCO established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Directors-general
6 Dec 1946 - 9 Dec 1948 Julian Huxley (U.K.)               (b. 1887 - d. 1975)
10 Dec 1948 - 1 Dec 1952 Jaime Torres Bodet (Mexico)        (b. 1902 - d. 1974)
2 Dec 1952 - 3 Jul 1953 John W. Taylor (U.S.) (interim)    (b. 1906 - d. 2001)
4 Jul 1953 - 4 Dec 1958 Luther H. Evans (U.S.)             (b. 1902 - d. 1981)
5 Dec 1958 - 2 Nov 1961 Vittorino Veronese (Italy)         (b. 1910 - d. 1986)
2 Nov 1961 - 14 Nov 1974 René Maheu (France)                (b. 1905 - d. 1975)
                             (interim to 14 Nov 1962)
15 Nov 1974 - 14 Nov 1987 Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow (Senegal)      (b. 1921)
15 Nov 1987 - 14 Nov 1999 Federico Mayor (Spain)             (b. 1934)
15 Nov 1999 - 14 Nov 2009 Koichiro Matsuura (Japan)          (b. 1937) 15 Nov 2009 - Irina G. Bokova (Bulgaria) (b. 1952)

UNESCO membership (193)

Date of
Admission
Member Nations

4 Nov 1946 Australia, Brazil, Canada, China¹, Czechoslovakia², Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Saudi Arabia, South Africa³, Turkey, United Kingdom⁴, United States⁵

6 Nov 1946 Poland

13 Nov 1946 Bolivia

16 Nov 1946 Syria

18 Nov 1946 Haiti

21 Nov 1946 Peru, Philippines

25 Nov 1946 Venezuela

29 Nov 1946 Belgium

1 Jan 1947 The Netherlands

22 Jan 1947 Ecuador

6 Mar 1947 Liberia

29 Aug 1947 Cuba

27 Oct 1947 Luxembourg

31 Oct 1947 Colombia

8 Nov 1947 Uruguay

16 Dec 1947 Honduras

27 Jan 1948 Italy

28 Apr 1948 El Salvador

4 May 1948 Afghanistan

13 Aug 1948 Austria

6 Sep 1948 Iran

14 Sep 1948 Hungary

15 Sep 1948 Argentina

21 Oct 1948 Iraq

1 Jan 1949 Thailand

28 Jan 1949 Switzerland

27 Jun 1949 Burma⁶

6 Jul 1949 Monaco

14 Sep 1949 Pakistan

16 Sep 1949 Israel

14 Nov 1949 Ceylon⁷

2 Jan 1950 Guatemala

10 Jan 1950 Panama

23 Jan 1950 Sweden

31 Mar 1950 Yugoslavia⁸

19 May 1950 Costa Rica

27 May 1950 Indonesia

14 Jun 1950 Jordan, South Korea

2 Jul 1951 Japan

3 Jul 1951 Cambodia

6 Jul 1951 Vietnam⁹

9 Jul 1951 Laos

11 Jul 1951 West Germany¹⁰

22 Feb 1952 Nicaragua

30 Jan 1953 Spain

1 May 1953 Nepal

27 Jun 1953 Libya

7 Jul 1953 Chile

21 Apr 1954 Soviet Union¹¹

12 May 1954 Byelorussian S.S.R.¹², Ukrainian S.S.R.¹³

20 Jun 1955 Paraguay

1 Jul 1955 Ethiopia

17 May 1956 Bulgaria

27 Jul 1956 Romania

10 Oct 1956 Finland

7 Nov 1956 Morocco

8 Nov 1956 Tunisia

26 Nov 1956 The Sudan

11 Apr 1958 Ghana

16 Jun 1958 Malaya¹⁴

16 Oct 1958 Albania

2 Feb 1960 Guinea

18 Oct 1960 Dahomey¹⁵

24 Oct 1960 Congo (Brazzaville)

27 Oct 1960 Ivory Coast¹⁶

7 Nov 1960 Mali

10 Nov 1960 Madagascar¹⁷, Niger, Senegal

11 Nov 1960 Cameroon, Central African Republic

14 Nov 1960 Nigeria, Upper Volta¹⁸

15 Nov 1960 Somalia

16 Nov 1960 Gabon

17 Nov 1960 Togo

18 Nov 1960 Kuwait

25 Nov 1960 Congo (Léopoldville)¹⁹

19 Dec 1960 Chad

6 Feb 1961 Cyprus

3 Oct 1961 Ireland

10 Oct 1962 Mauritania

6 Mar 1962 Tanganyika²⁰

28 Mar 1962 Sierra Leone

2 Apr 1962 Yemen (Sana)²¹

15 Oct 1962 Algeria

1 Nov 1962 Mongolia

2 Nov 1962 Trinidad and Tobago

7 Nov 1962 Jamaica, Rwanda

9 Nov 1962 Uganda

16 Nov 1962 Burundi

7 Apr 1964 Kenya

8 Jun 1964 Iceland

27 Oct 1964 Malawi

9 Nov 1964 Zambia

10 Feb 1965 Malta

11 Mar 1965 Portugal²²

28 Oct 1965 Singapore²³

21 Mar 1967 Guyana

29 Sep 1967 Lesotho

15 Oct 1968 Yemen (Aden)²¹

24 Oct 1968 Barbados

25 Oct 1968 Mauritius

18 Jan 1972 Bahrain

27 Jan 1972 Qatar

10 Feb 1972 Oman

20 Apr 1972 United Arab Emirates

27 Oct 1972 Bangladesh

21 Nov 1972 East Germany¹⁰

1 Aug 1973 The Gambia

18 Oct 1974 North Korea

1 Nov 1974 Guinea-Bissau

12 Nov 1974 San Marino

17 Feb 1975 Grenada

16 Jul 1976 Suriname

4 Oct 1976 Papua New Guinea

11 Oct 1976 Mozambique

18 Oct 1976 Seychelles

11 Mar 1977 Angola

22 Mar 1977 Comoros

25 Jan 1978 Swaziland

15 Feb 1978 Cape Verde

2 Nov 1978 Namibia²⁴

9 Jan 1979 Dominica

29 Nov 1979 Equatorial Guinea

16 Jan 1980 Botswana

22 Jan 1980 São Tomé and Príncipe

6 Mar 1980 Saint Lucia

18 Jul 1980 Maldives

22 Sep 1980 Zimbabwe

29 Sep 1980 Tonga

3 Apr 1981 Western Samoa²⁵

23 Apr 1981 The Bahamas

13 Apr 1982 Bhutan

10 May 1982 Belize

15 Jul 1982 Antigua and Barbuda

15 Feb 1983 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

14 Jul 1983 Fiji

26 Oct 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis

31 Aug 1989 Djibouti

24 Oct 1989 Kiribati

25 Oct 1989 Cook Islands

7 Oct 1991 Lithuania

14 Oct 1991 Estonia, Latvia

21 Oct 1991 Tuvalu

22 May 1992 Kazakhstan

27 May 1992 Moldova, Slovenia

1 Jun 1992 Croatia

2 Jun 1992 Kyrgyzstan

3 Jun 1992 Azerbaijan

9 Jun 1992 Armenia

7 Oct 1992 Georgia

9 Feb 1993 Slovakia

22 Feb 1993 Czech Republic

6 Apr 1993 Tajikistan

2 Jun 1993 Bosnia and Hercegovina

28 Jun 1993 Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)

17 Aug 1993 Turkmenistan

2 Sep 1993 Eritrea

7 Sep 1993 Solomon Islands

20 Oct 1993 Andorra

26 Oct 1993 Niue, Uzbekistan

10 Feb 1994 Vanuatu

30 Jun 1995 Marshall Islands

17 Oct 1996 Nauru

20 Sep 1999 Palau

19 Oct 1999 Federated States of Micronesia

20 Dec 2000 Serbia and Montenegro⁸

5 Jun 2003
East Timor xx

17 May 2005 Brunei Darussalam

1 Mar 2007 Montenegro

¹the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 29 Oct 1971, when UNESCO voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China. ²dissolved 31 Dec 1992. ³withdrew 31 Dec 1956, rejoined 12 Dec 1994. ⁴withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 1 Jul 1997.⁵withdrew 31 Dec 1984, rejoined 1 Oct 2003. ⁶from 1989 Myanmar. ⁷from 1972 Sri Lanka. ⁸expelled 22 Sep 1992, readmitted 20 Dec 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. ⁹Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam. ¹⁰East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. ¹¹dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia. ¹²from 1991 Belarus. ¹³from 1991 Ukraine. ¹⁴from 1963 Malaysia. ¹⁵from 1975 Benin. ¹⁶from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire. ¹⁷to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic. ¹⁸from 1984 Burkina Faso. ¹⁹1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire. ²⁰from 1964 Tanzania.
²¹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990. ²²withdrew 31 Dec 1972, rejoined 11 Sep 1974. ²³withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 8 Oct 2007. ²⁴to 21 Mar 1990 as United Nations Council for Namibia. ²⁵from 1997 Samoa.

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of UNESCO

26 Oct 1983 Netherlands Antilles

24 Nov 1983 British Virgin Islands

20 Oct 1987 Aruba

25 Oct 1995 Macau

30 Oct 1999 Cayman Islands

15 Oct 2001 Tokelau
12 Oct 2009 Faroe Islands

United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)

[UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme flag]

UNEP website

Headquarters: Nairobi
(Kenya)

UNEP Day: 5 Jun (1972)
World Environment Day

5 Jun 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.15 Dec 1972 UNEPestablished as a specialized agency of the United Nations. Executive Directors 1 Jan 1973 - Dec 1975 Maurice F. Strong (Canada) (b. 1929)Dec 1975 - 31 Dec 1992 Mostafa Kamal Tolba (Egypt) (b. 1922) 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Mar 1998 Elizabeth Dowdeswell (f)(Canada) (b. 1944?) 1 Feb 1998 - 31 Mar 2006 Klaus Töpfer (Germany) (b. 1938) 1 Apr 2006 - 14 Jun 2006 Shafqat Kakakhel (Pakistan)(acting) 15 Jun 2006 - Achim Steiner (Germany) (b. 1961)

UNEP membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`15 Dec 1972`	`58 member states serve on the` `Governing Council` `in 4 year terms, seats are allocated according to geographical regions.`

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]

UNIDO website Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)

17 Nov 1966                United Nations Industrial Development Program (UNIDP),
created as an autonomous body of the United Nations. 21 Jun 1985                United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
1 Jan 1986    Becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Executive Directors 1 Jan 1967 - 1974 Ibrahim Helmi Abdel-Rahman (Egypt) 1 Jan 1975 - Aug 1985 Abd-El Rahman Khane (Algeria) (b. 1931) Directors-general Aug 1985 - Jan 1993 Domingo L. Siazon, Jr. (Philippines) (b. 1939) Jan 1993 - Mar 1993 Louis Alexandrenne (Senegal)(acting) (b. 1933) Mar 1993 - Dec 1997 Mauricio de Maríay Campos (Mexico) (b. 1943) Dec 1997 - 8 Dec 2005 Carlos Alfredo Magariños (b. 1962) (Argentina) 8 Dec 2005 - Kandeh K. Yumkella (Sierra Leone) (b. 1959)

UNIDO membership (173)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

21 Jun 1985 Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia¹, Austria, Barbados, Belgium, Byelorussian S.S.R.², Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada³, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia⁴, Denmark, Dominican Republic, East Germany⁵, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, The Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Soviet Union⁶, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukrainian S.S.R.⁷, United Kingdom, United States⁸, Uruguay, Venezuela, West Germany⁵, Yugoslavia⁹, Zambia, Zimbabwe

24 Jun 1985 North Korea

25 Jun 1985 Togo

27 Jun 1985 Iraq

28 Jun 1985 Bangladesh, The Sudan

1 Jul 1985 Nicaragua

2 Jul 1985 Hungary

8 Jul 1985 Zaire¹⁰

12 Jul 1985 Congo (Brazzaville)

15 Jul 1985 Trinidad and Tobago

16 Jul 1985 Burkina Faso

17 Jul 1985 Mali

18 Jul 1985 Paraguay

19 Jul 1985 Guyana, Malawi, New Zealand, Vietnam

29 Jul 1985 Yemen (Aden)¹¹

30 Jul 1985 Colombia, Ghana, Kuwait, Morocco

1 Aug 1985 United Arab Emirates

5 Aug 1985 Haiti

6 Aug 1985 Gabon, Lebanon

8 Aug 1985 Benin, Libya, Nepal

9 Aug 1985 Angola, Burundi, Iran, Mauritania

14 Aug 1985 Yemen (Sana)¹¹

15 Aug 1985 Sierra Leone

19 Aug 1985 Seychelles

23 Aug 1985 Bhutan

3 Sep 1985 Laos

28 Oct 1985 Jordan

13 Nov 1985 Mozambique

15 Nov 1985 Somalia

19 Nov 1985 Saint Lucia

27 Nov 1985 Dominica

5 Dec 1985 Uganda

9 Dec 1985 Qatar

11 Dec 1985 Saint Kitts and Nevis

24 Dec 1985 Suriname

9 Jan 1986 Comoros

16 Jan 1986 Grenada

20 Jan 1986 Equatorial Guinea

21 Feb 1986 Namibia¹²

27 Feb 1986 Belize

3 Apr 1986 Swaziland

4 Apr 1986 Bahrain

14 Apr 1986 São Tomé and Príncipe

12 Jun 1986 The Gambia

13 Aug 1986 Tonga

10 Sep 1986 Papua New Guinea

13 Nov 1986 The Bahamas

30 Mar 1987 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

17 Aug 1987 Vanuatu

26 Oct 1987 Costa Rica

29 Jan 1988 El Salvador

19 Apr 1988 Albania

10 May 1988 Maldives

12 Apr 1990 Myanmar

10 May 1990 Liberia

20 Aug 1991 Djibouti

22 Aug 1991 Chad

17 Oct 1991 Lithuania

12 May 1992 Armenia

2 Jun 1992 Croatia

11 Jun 1992 Slovenia

1 Oct 1992 Bosnia and Hercegovina

30 Oct 1992 Georgia

20 Jan 1993 Slovakia

22 Jan 1993 Czech Republic

8 Apr 1993 Kyrgyzstan

27 May 1993 Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)

1 Jun 1993 Moldova

9 Jun 1993 Tajikistan

23 Nov 1993 Azerbaijan

26 Apr 1994 Uzbekistan

16 Feb 1995 Turkmenistan

20 Jun 1995 Eritrea

18 Sep 1995 Cambodia

3 Jun 1997 Kazakhstan

24 Oct 2000 South Africa

6 Dec 2000 Serbia and Montenegro⁹

23 Jan 2003 Monaco

31 Jul 2003 East Timor

22 Nov 2006 Montenegro

11 Dec 2008 Samoa

¹withdrew 31 Dec 1988, rejoined 1 Jan 1992; withdrew again 31 Dec 1997. ²from 1991 Belarus.
³withdrew 31 Dec 1993. ⁴dissolved 31 Dec 1992. ⁵East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.
⁶dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia. ⁷from 1991 Ukraine. ⁸withdrew 31 Dec 1996. ⁹expelled 2 Jul 1993, readmitted 6 Dec 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. ¹⁰from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa). ¹¹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990. ¹²to 21 Mar 1990 as United Nations Council for Namibia.

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

[UNRWA flag]

UNRWA website

Headquarters: Amman (Jordan)
and Gaza City (Gaza Strip)
(Beirut, Lebanon 1950-1978; Vienna, Austria 1978-1996)

8 Dec 1949    United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees    in the Near East (UNRWA) established as a UN agency. 1 May 1950 Operations begin.
Commissioners-General 1 May 1950 - 30 Jun 1951 Howard Kennedy (Canada) 1 Jul 1951 - 7 Mar 1953 John B. Blandford (U.S.) 7 Mar 1953 - 15 Jun 1954 Leslie J. Carver (U.K.) (1st time) (acting)
15 Jun 1954 - 15 Jun 1958 Henry R. Labouisse (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 1987) 15 Jun 1958 - 15 Apr 1959 Leslie J. Carver (U.K.) (2nd time) (acting)
15 Feb 1959 - 31 Dec 1963 John Davis (U.S.) 1 Jan 1964 - 14 May 1971 Lawrence Michelmore (U.S.)15 May 1971 - 31 Mar 1977 Sir John Shaw Rennie (U.K.) (b. 1917 - d. 2002) 1 Apr 1977 - 15 Apr 1979 Thomas W. McElhiney (U.S.)    (b. 1919) 15 Apr 1979 - 9 Jul 1979 Alan J. Brown (U.K.) (acting)
9 Jul 1979 - 31 Oct 1985 Olof Rydbeck (Sweden) (b. 1913 - d. 1995) 1 Nov 1985 - 28 Feb 1991 Giorgio Giacomelli (Italy)    (b. 1930) 1 Mar 1991 - 29 Feb 1996 Ilter Türkmen (Turkey) (b. 1927) 1 Mar 1996 - 31 Mar 2005 Peter Hansen (Denmark)    (b. 1941)
1 Apr 2005 - 31 Dec 2009 Karen Koning AbuZayd (f) (U.S.) (b. 1941)    (acting to 28 Jun 2005) 1 Jan 2010 - Filippo Grandi (Italy) (b. 1957) (acting to 20 Jan 2010)

UNRWA Advisory Committee membership (21)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`8 Dec 1949`	`France, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States`
`13 Oct 1952`	`Syria`
`19 Dec 1952`	`Jordan`
`24 Feb 1953`	`Egypt`
`12 Feb 1954`	`Belgium`
`29 Dec 1954`	`Lebanon`
`13 Dec 1972`	`Japan`
`8 Dec 2005`	`Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland`

Universal Postal Union (UPU)

[Universal Postal Union]

UPU website Headquarters: Berne (Switzerland) UPU Day: 9 Oct (1874)
World Post Day

1 Jul 1875                General Postal Union established.
1 Jun 1878                Universal Postal Union (UPU)
15 Nov 1947                Becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations
                             (effective 1 Jul 1948).

Directors (all from Switzerland)
1875 - 14 Jun 1892         Eugène Borel           (b. 1835 - d. 1892)
1893 - 30 Jan 1899         Edmond Höhn            (b. 1838 - d. 1899)
1899 - 25 Oct 1919         Eugène Ruffy       (b. 1854 - d. 1919)
1920 - 14 Jan 1925         Camille Decoppet       (b. 1862 - d. 1925)
1925 - 1937                Evaristo Garbani-Nerini            (b. 1867 - d. 1944)
1938 - 18 Nov 1944         Reinhold Furrer    (b. 1875 - d. 1944)
1945 - 1949                Alois Muri           (b. 1879 - d. 1971)
1950 - 1960                Fritz Hess             (b. 1895 - d. 1970)
1961 - 7 Jul 1964         Edouard Weber          (b. 1901 - d. 1970)
Directors-general
7 Jul 1964 - 1966         Edouard Weber (Switzerland)        (s.a.)
1967 - 1973                Michel Rahi (Egypt)                (b. 1912 - d. 1973)
1973 - 1974                Anthony H. Ridge (U.K.)            (b. 1913)
1975 - 31 Dec 1984         Muhammad Ibrahim Sobhi (Egypt)     (b. 1925)
1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1994 Adwaldo Cardoso Botto de Barros    (b. 1925)
                             (Brazil)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2004 Thomas E. Leavey (U.S.)            (b. 1934)
1 Jan 2005 -              Édouard Dayan (France)             (b. 1943)

UPU membership (191)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`1 Jul 1875`	`Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia¹, Serbia², Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey³, United Kingdom, United States`
`1 Jan 1876`	`France`
`1 Jul 1876`	`India`
`1 Jun 1877`	`Japan`
`1 Jul 1877`	`Brazil`
`1 Sep 1877`	`Persia⁴`
`1 Apr 1878`	`Argentina`
`1 Jul 1878`	`Canada`
`1 Jan 1879`	`Bulgaria`
`1 Apr 1879`	`El Salvador, Honduras, Liberia, Mexico, Peru`
`1 Jan 1880`	`Venezuela`
`1 Jul 1880`	`Ecuador, Uruguay`
`1 Oct 1880`	`Dominican Republic`
`1 Jan 1881`	`Hawaii⁵`
`1 Apr 1881`	`Chile`
`1 Jul 1881`	`Colombia, Haiti, Paraguay`
`1 Aug 1881`	`Guatemala`
`1 May 1882`	`Nicaragua`
`1 Jan 1883`	`Costa Rica`
`1 Jul 1885`	`Siam⁶`
`1 Jan 1886`	`Congo (Léopoldville)⁷`
`1 Apr 1886`	`Bolivia`
`1 Jul 1888`	`Tunisia`
`1 Jan 1893`	`South-African Republic⁸`
`1 Dec 1895`	`Zanzibar⁹`
`1 Jan 1898`	`Orange Free State¹⁰`
`1 Jan 1900`	`Korea¹¹`
`1 Jul 1902`	`Crete¹²`
`4 Oct 1902`	`Cuba`
`11 Jun 1904`	`Panama`
`1 Oct 1907`	`Australia, New Zealand, South Africa¹³`
`1 Nov 1908`	`Ethiopia`
`1 Mar 1914`	`China¹⁴`
`1 Jul 1915`	`San Marino`
`12 Feb 1918`	`Finland`
`1 May 1919`	`Poland`
`15 Nov 1919`	`Iceland`
`18 May 1920`	`Czechoslovakia¹⁵`
`1 Sep 1920`	`Saarland¹⁶`
`1 Oct 1920`	`Morocco, TangierZone¹⁷`
`1 Oct 1921`	`Danzig Free City¹⁸`
`24 Dec 1921`	`Yugoslavia²`
`1 Jan 1922`	`Philippines`
`1 Mar 1922`	`Albania`
`6 Sep 1923`	`Ireland`
`1 Jan 1927`	`Hejaz and Nejd¹⁹`
`1 Apr 1928`	`Afghanistan`
`22 Apr 1929`	`Iraq`
`1 Jun 1929`	`Vatican City`
`1 Jan 1930`	`Yemen (Sana)²⁰`
`12 May 1931`	`Lebanon, Syria²¹`
`13 May 1947`	`Byelorussian S.S.R.²², Ukrainian S.S.R.²³`
`16 May 1947`	`Transjordan²⁴`
`Sep 1947`	`Trieste Territory²⁵`
`10 Nov 1947`	`Pakistan`
`20 Sep 1948`	`Indonesia`
`13 Jul 1949`	`Ceylon²⁶`
`4 Oct 1949`	`Burma²⁷`
`17 Dec 1949`	`South Korea¹¹`
`24 Dec 1949`	`Israel`
`20 Oct 1951`	`Vietnam²⁸`
`21 Dec 1951`	`Cambodia`
`20 May 1952`	`Laos`
`4 Jun 1952`	`Libya`
`12 Oct 1955`	`Monaco`
`27 Jul 1956`	`The Sudan`
`11 Oct 1956`	`Nepal`
`10 Oct 1957`	`Ghana`
`17 Jan 1958`	`Malaya²⁹`
`1 Apr 1959`	`Somalia`
`6 May 1959`	`Guinea`
`16 Feb 1960`	`Kuwait`
`26 Jul 1960`	`Cameroon`
`21 Apr 1961`	`Mali`
`27 Apr 1961`	`Dahomey³⁰`
`23 May 1961`	`Ivory Coast³¹`
`12 Jun 1961`	`Niger`
`14 Jun 1961`	`Senegal`
`23 Jun 1961`	`Chad`
`28 Jun 1961`	`Central African Republic`
`5 Jul 1961`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`10 Jul 1961`	`Nigeria`
`17 Jul 1961`	`Gabon`
`2 Nov 1961`	`Madagascar³²`
`23 Nov 1961`	`Cyprus`
`29 Jan 1962`	`Sierra Leone`
`21 Mar 1962`	`Togo`
`13 Apr 1962`	`Liechtenstein`
`29 Mar 1963`	`Tanganyika⁹, Upper Volta³³`
`6 Apr 1963`	`Burundi, Rwanda`
`14 Jun 1963`	`Dubai³⁴`
`15 Jun 1963`	`Trinidad and Tobago`
`24 Aug 1963`	`Mongolia`
`29 Aug 1963`	`Jamaica`
`13 Feb 1964`	`Uganda`
`28 May 1964`	`Algeria`
`27 Oct 1964`	`Kenya`
`21 May 1965`	`Malta`
`8 Jan 1966`	`Singapore`
`25 Oct 1966`	`Malawi`
`31 Dec 1966`	`Abu Dhabi³⁴`
`22 Mar 1967`	`Guyana, Mauritania, Zambia`
`15 Aug 1967`	`Maldives`
`6 Sep 1967`	`Lesotho`
`11 Nov 1967`	`Barbados`
`12 Jan 1968`	`Botswana`
`28 Jun 1968`	`Yemen (Aden)²⁰`
`31 Jan 1969`	`Qatar`
`7 Mar 1969`	`Bhutan`
`17 Apr 1969`	`Nauru`
`29 Aug 1969`	`Mauritius`
`7 Nov 1969`	`Swaziland`
`24 Jul 1970`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`18 Jun 1971`	`Fiji`
`17 Aug 1971`	`Oman`
`26 Jan 1972`	`Tonga`
`7 Feb 1973`	`Bangladesh`
`30 Mar 1973`	`United Arab Emirates`
`1 Jun 1973`	`East Germany³⁵`
`21 Dec 1973`	`Bahrain`
`24 Apr 1974`	`The Bahamas`
`30 May 1974`	`Guinea-Bissau`
`6 Jun 1974`	`North Korea`
`9 Oct 1974`	`The Gambia`
`20 Apr 1976`	`Suriname`
`4 Jun 1976`	`Papua New Guinea`
`29 Jul 1976`	`Comoros`
`30 Sep 1976`	`Cape Verde`
`3 Mar 1977`	`Angola`
`22 Aug 1977`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`7 Oct 1977`	`Seychelles`
`30 Jan 1978`	`Grenada`
`6 Jun 1978`	`Djibouti`
`11 Oct 1978`	`Mozambique`
`31 Jan 1980`	`Dominica`
`10 Jul 1980`	`Saint Lucia`
`3 Feb 1981`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tuvalu`
`31 Jul 1981`	`Zimbabwe`
`16 Jul 1982`	`Vanuatu`
`1 Oct 1982`	`Belize`
`4 May 1984`	`Solomon Islands`
`14 Aug 1984`	`Kiribati`
`15 Jan 1985`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`11 Jan 1988`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`9 Aug 1989`	`Western Samoa³⁶`
`10 Jan 1992`	`Lithuania³⁷`
`30 Apr 1992`	`Estonia³⁸, Namibia`
`17 Jun 1992`	`Latvia³⁹`
`20 Jul 1992`	`Croatia⁴⁰`
`27 Aug 1992`	`Kazakhstan, Slovenia`
`14 Sep 1992`	`Armenia`
`16 Nov 1992`	`Moldova`
`26 Jan 1993`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina⁴¹, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan`
`18 Mar 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia⁴²`
`1 Apr 1993`	`Azerbaijan, Georgia`
`12 Jul 1993`	`Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`19 Aug 1993`	`Eritrea`
`20 Jan 1994`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`24 Feb 1994`	`Uzbekistan`
`9 Jun 1994`	`Tajikistan`
`18 Jun 2001`	`Serbia and Montenegro²`
`28 Nov 2003`	`East Timor`
`26 Jul 2006`	`Montenegro⁴³`
UN member countries whose UPU situations are unresolved: `Andorra, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau`
UPU extended to overseas dependencies of:`Australia on 1 Oct 1907; Denmark on 1 Jul 1875; France on 1 Jul 1876; Germany on 1 Jun 1887; Italy on 1 Jul 1904; Japan on 1 Jan 1922; The Netherlands on 1 May 1877; New Zealand on 1 Oct 1907; Portugal on 1 Jul 1877; Spain on 1 May 1877; United Kingdom on 1 Apr 1877; and the United States on 25 Feb 1900.`
`¹from 30 Dec 1922 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.²from 24 Dec 1921 Serbia part of Yugoslavia; not invited to UPU functions frm 20 Oct 1998, officially readmitted 18 Jun 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.³as Ottoman Empire to 1920.⁴from 1935 Iran.` `⁵from 12 Aug 1898 part of United States.` `⁶from 1941 Thailand.` `⁷Congo Free State to 1908; 1908-1960 Belgian Congo; 1960-1966 Congo (Léopoldville); 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire; independent UPU member from 1 Jul 1960.⁸from 1900 British colony of Transvaal; from 1910 part of South Africa.⁹Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.¹⁰from 1900 British Orange River Colony; from 1910 part of South Africa.¹¹annexed to Japan 29 Aug 1910 - 12 Sep 1945; from 1949 South Korea.¹²from 30 May 1913 part of Greece.¹³suspended from UPU conferences 1979-1981, 1984-22 Aug 1994.¹⁴the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 13 Apr 1972, when the UPU voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China; from 13 Apr 1972 Taiwan UPU status as Taiwan province of China.¹⁵as Bohemia and Moravia 7 Oct 1939 - May 1945; dissolved 31 Dec 1992.¹⁶from 13 Jan 1935 part of Germany; 15 Dec 1947-31 Dec 1956 reconstituted under French rule.¹⁷from 1956 part of Morocco.` `¹⁸from 2 Sep 1939 part of Germany; from 1945 part of Poland.¹⁹from 1932 Saudi Arabia.²⁰Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990.²¹1958 - 1961 part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria; in 1961 Syria left the union and resumed its separate membership.²²from 1991 Belarus.` `²³from 1991 Ukraine.` `²⁴from 1949 Jordan.` `²⁵member to Mar 1955; Anglo-US zone part of Italy 1954.²⁶from 1972 Sri Lanka.` `²⁷from 1989 Myanmar.` `²⁸on 2 Jul 1976 North Vietnam and South Vietnam united as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.²⁹from 1963 Malaysia.³⁰from 1975 Benin.` `³¹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.³²to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.` `³³from 1984 Burkina Faso.³⁴from 30 Mar 1973 UPU member as United Arab Emirates.³⁵from 3 Oct 1990 united with Federal Republic of Germany.³⁶from 1997 Samoa.` `³⁷Lithuania a former UPU member 1 Jan 1922 - 3 Aug 1940.³⁸Estonia a former UPU member 7 Jul 1922 - 6 Aug 1940.³⁹Latvia a UPU former member 1 Oct 1921 - 5 Aug 1940.⁴⁰Croatia a former UPU member 7 Apr 1942 - May 1945.⁴¹Bosnia and Hercegovina a former UPU member 1 Jul 1892 - 24 Dec 1921.⁴²Slovakia a UPU former member 17 Jun 1939 - Apr 1945.` `⁴³Montenegro a former UPU member 1 Jul 1875 - 1 Dec 1918; part of Yugoslavia 1 Dec 1918 - 4 Feb 2003; called Serbia and Montenegro from 4 Feb 2003 - 5 Jun 2006.`

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)


5 Aug 1991 - Jun 2005

Adopted 24 Jun 2005

UNPO website

UNPO Covenant
(11 Feb 1991)

Headquarters: The Hague
(Netherlands)

UNPO Day: 11 Feb (1991)
International Day
of Action

11 Feb 1991 Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)

Secretaries-general
11 Feb 1991 - 16 Mar 1998 Michael van Walt van Praag (b. 1951)
                            (non-representing member [Netherlands])
Jul 1997 - 16 Mar 1998     Tsering Jampa (Tibet) (b. 1955)
                           (acting for van Praag)
16 Mar 1998 - 23 Oct 1999 Helen S. Corbett (f) (b. 1953)
                           (Australian Aboriginals)
23 Oct 1999 - 14 Nov 2003 Erkin Alptekin (Uyghurs) (b. 1939)
                           (acting to 14 Feb 2001)
14 Nov 2003 -              Marino Busdachin                  (b. 1956)
                           (non representing member [Italy])

Executive Director
19 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Karl von Habsburg (b. 1961)
(non-representing member [Austria])

Chairmen of the General Assembly Feb 1991 - Jan 1993    Linnart Mäll (Estonia)    (b. 1938 - d. 2010)
Jan 1993 - Jul 1997    Erkin Alptekin (Uyghurs) (s.a.)
Jul 1997 - Feb 2001 Seif Sharif Hamad (Zanzibar) (b. 1943) Feb 2001 - Jun 2005 John J. Nimrod (Assyrians) (b. 1922 - d. 2009)
Jun 2005 - 28 Oct 2006 Göran Hansson (Scania) (b. 1941)
President of the General Assembly 28 Oct 2006 -      Ledum Mitee (Ogoni)    (b. 1957)

UNPO membership (54)

Date of
Admission Member Nations and Peoples (followed by nation states currently within)

11 Feb 1991 Aboriginals of Australia (Australia), Armenia¹, Belau (Palau)², Cordillera (Philippines), Crimean Tatars (Ukraine), East Turkestan (China), Estonia³, Georgia⁴, Greek Minority in Albania (Albania), Iraqi Kurdistan (Iraq), Latvia⁵, Taiwan (China), Tatarstan (Russia)⁶, Tibet (China), West Papua (Indonesia)⁷

6 Aug 1991 Abkhazia (Georgia), Aceh (Indonesia)⁶, Assyria (Iraq, Syria, Turkey), Bougainville (Papua New Guinea)⁶, Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bangladesh), Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (Russia), Kosovo, Mari (Russia)⁸, South Moluccas (Indonesia), Iraqi Turkmen (Iraq), Zanzibar (Tanzania)

17 Jan 1993 Batawa (Rwanda), Chuvash (Russia)⁶, East Timor⁹, Inkeri (Russia), Komi (Russia)⁸, Sanjak (Serbia, Montenegro), Udmurt (Russia)

19 Jan 1993 Karenni State (Myanmar), Mapuche (Argentina, Chile), Nagalim (India), Ogoni (Nigeria), Scania (Sweden)

24 Jan 1993 Khalistan (India)¹⁰

3 Aug 1993 Kalahui Hawaii (United States), Sakha (Russia)¹¹

16 Apr 1994 Albanians in Macedonia (Macedonia Former Yugoslav Republic)⁶, Circassia (Russia), Gagauzia (Moldova)¹²

30 Jul 1994 Hungarian Minority in Romania (Romania), Ingushetia (Russia)⁶, Lakota (United States)¹², Maohi (French Polynesia)¹²

3 Feb 1996 Bashkortostan (Russia)¹⁰, Buryatia (Russia), Mon (Myanmar), Tuva (Russia)

17 Apr 1997 Cabinda (Angola), Kumyk (Russia)⁶, Shan (Myanmar)¹³

23 Sep 1998 Nuxalk Nation (Canada)⁶, Rusyn (Ukraine)¹²

15 Jul 2001 Chin (Myanmar), Khmer Krom (Vietnam)

19 Jan 2002 Sindh (Pakistan)

14 Nov 2003 Ahwazi (Iran), Montagnards (Laos, Vietnam), Vhavenda (South Africa)

19 Dec 2004 Oromo (Ethiopia), Southern Cameroons (Cameroon), Buffalo River Dene Nation (Canada)⁸, Maasai (Kenya), Nahua Del Alto Balsas (Mexico)⁷, Somaliland (Somalia)

26 Jun 2005 West Balochistan (Iran), Talysh (Azerbaijan)⁶

2 Feb 2007 Tsimshian (Canada), Inner Mongolia (China), Rehoboth Basters (Namibia), Iranian Kurdistan (Iran), Hmong (Laos), Southern Azerbaijan (Iran)

1 Mar 2008 Balochistan (Pakistan)

15 May 2008 Afrikaners (South Africa), Burma (Myanmar)

20 Sep 2008 Gilgit Baltistan (Pakistan)

6 Feb 2010 Ogaden (Ethiopia)

¹withdrew 2 Mar 1992. ²withdrew 15 Dec 1994. ³withdrew 17 Sep 1991. ⁴withdrew 31 Jul 1992. ⁵withdrew 17 Sep 1991. ⁶membership discontinued 1 Mar 2008.⁷membership suspended 20 Sep 2008.⁸membership suspended 9 Oct 2009. ⁹withdrew 27 Sep 2002. ¹⁰membership of Council of Khalistan discontinued 4 Aug 1993, suspension made permanent 22 Jan 1995. ¹¹withdrew 30 Jun 1998. ¹²membership discontinued 1 Dec 2007. ¹³suspended 6 Feb 2010.

Warsaw Treaty Organization (Warsaw Pact)

[Warsaw Treaty Organization badge]
Badge (no flag adopted)

Warsaw Security Pact
(14 May 1955) Headquarters: Moscow
(Soviet Union) WTO Day: 1 May (1955)
May Day

1 May 1955                Warsaw Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual
                             Assistance signed (Warsaw Treaty Organization) (effective 6 Jun 1955).
26 Nov 1976                Joint secretariat established.
31 Mar 1991                Dissolution of military structures.
31 Jul 1991                Officially dissolved in accordance with a protocol
                             calling for a "transition to all-European structures."

Secretaries-general of the Political Consultative Committee
1969 - 12 Feb 1983 Nikolay Pavlovich Firyubin (b. 1909 - d. 1983) (Soviet Union) 1983 - 198. Oancia (Romania) Oct 1985 - 198. Mariy Ivanov (Bulgaria) (b. c.1919)1989? - 7 Jun 1990 Ivan Pavlovich Aboimov (b. 1936) (Soviet Union) 7 Jun 1990 - 199. Zdenek Matejka (Czechoslovakia)

Commanders-in-chief of the Joint Armed Forces (all from Soviet Union)
14 May 1955 - 23 Jul 1960 Ivan Stepanovich Konev             (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
23 Jul 1960 - 7 Jul 1967 Andrey Antonovich Grechko          (b. 1903 - d. 1976)
7 Jul 1967 - 30 Nov 1976 Ivan Ignatyevich Yakubovsky        (b. 1912 - d. 1976)
8 Jan 1977 - 2 Feb 1989 Viktor Georgievich Kulikov         (b. 1921)
2 Feb 1989 - 26 Apr 1991 Pyotr Georgievich Lushev           (b. 1923 - d. 1997)

Chiefs of Staff of the Joint Armed Forces (all from Soviet Union)
14 May 1955 - 18 Jun 1962 Aleksey Innokentevich Antonov      (b. 1896 - d. 1962)
Oct 1962 - 25 Nov 1965     Pavel Ivanovich Batov              (b. 1897 - d. 1985)
25 Nov 1965 - Aug 1968     Mikhail Ilyich Kazakov             (b. 1901 - d. 1979)
Aug 1968 - 23 Apr 1976     Sergey Matveyevich Stemenko        (b. 1907 - d. 1976)
26 Oct 1976 - Feb 1989     Anatoly Ivanovich Gribkov          (b. 1919 - d. 2008)
Feb 1989 - 31 Mar 1991     Vladimir Nikolayevich Lobov        (b. 1935)

Warsaw Pact membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

14 May 1955 Albania¹, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany², Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union

¹non-participatory from 12 Dec 1961, withdrew 12 Sep 1968.²withdrew 24 Sep 1990.

Western European Union (WEU)

1949 - 19..

1990 - 26 Oct 1993

Adopted 26 Oct 1993

WEU website

Headquarters: Brussels
(Belgium)

23 Oct 1954 WEU founded.
6 May 1955 Charter effective.

Secretaries-general
7 May 1955 - 14 Dec 1962 Louis Goffin (Belgium)             (b. 1904 - d. 1975)
15 Dec 1962 - 31 Dec 1970 Maurice Iweins d'Eeckhoutte        (b. 1904 - d. 1976)
                             (Belgium)
1 Jan 1971 - 30 Sep 1974 Georges Heisbourg (Luxembourg)     (b. 1918)
20 Oct 1974 - 24 Feb 1977 Friedrich-Karl von Plehwe (W.Ger.) (b. 1912 - d. 1989)
1 Mar 1977 - 31 May 1985 Edouard Longerstaey (Belgium)      (b. 1919 - d. 1986)
17 Jun 1985 - 11 May 1989 Alfred Cahen (Belgium)             (b. 1929 - d. 2000)
15 May 1989 - 15 Nov 1994 Willem "Wim" Frederik van Eekelen (b. 1931)
                             (Netherlands)
16 Nov 1994 - 24 Nov 1999 José Cutileiro (Portugal)          (b. 1934)
25 Nov 1999 -              Javier Solana Madariaga (Spain)    (b. 1942)

WEU membership (10)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

23 Oct 1954 Belgium, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg,
The Netherlands, United Kingdom

27 Mar 1990 Portugal, Spain

6 Mar 1995 Greece

Date of
Admission
Associate Members

20 Nov 1992 Iceland, Norway, Turkey

23 Mar 1999 Czech Reublic, Hungary, Poland

Date of
Admission
Associate Partners

9 May 1994 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia

25 Jun 1996 Slovenia

World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)

[World Bank- IBRD flag]

World Bank website Headquarters: Washington, DC
(United States)

27 Dec 1945                Articles of Agreement (adopted by the Bretton Woods
                             Conference 22 Jul 1944) become effective.
25 Jun 1946                International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
                             (World Bank) begins operations.

Presidents (all from U.S.)
18 Jun 1946 - 17 Mar 1947 Eugene Meyer (b. 1875 - d. 1959) 17 Mar 1947 - 1 Jul 1949 John J. McCloy (b. 1895 - d. 1989) 1 Jul 1949 - 1 Jan 1963 Eugene R. Black (b. 1898 - d. 1992) 1 Jan 1963 - 1 Apr 1968 George Woods (b. 1901 - d. 1982) 1 Apr 1968 - 1 Jul 1981 Robert S. McNamara (b. 1916 - d. 2009) 1 Jul 1981 - 1 Jul 1986 Alden W. "Tom" Clausen (b. 1923) 1 Jul 1986 - 1 Sep 1991 Barber B. Conable, Jr. (b. 1922 - d. 2003) 1 Sep 1991 - 4 May 1995 Lewis T. Preston (b. 1926 - d. 1995) 4 May 1995 - 1 Jun 1995 Richard Frank (acting) (b. 1936) 1 Jun 1995 - 1 Jun 2005 James D. Wolfensohn (b. 1933) 1 Jun 2005 - 1 Jul 2007 Paul Wolfowitz (b. 1943) 1 Jul 2007 - Robert B. Zoellick (b. 1953)

World Bank membership (186)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

27 Dec 1945 Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, China¹, Czechoslovakia², Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Honduras, Iceland, India, Iraq, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia³

28 Dec 1945 Dominican Republic⁴, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay

29 Dec 1945 Iran

31 Dec 1945 Chile, Mexico, Peru

8 Jan 1946 Costa Rica

10 Jan 1946 Poland⁵

14 Jan 1946 Brazil

11 Mar 1946 Uruguay

14 Mar 1946 Cuba⁶, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama

30 Mar 1946 Denmark

24 Dec 1946 Colombia

30 Dec 1946 Venezuela

11 Mar 1947 Turkey

27 Mar 1947 Italy

10 Apr 1947 Syria⁷

14 Apr 1947 Lebanon

5 Aug 1947 Australia

14 Jan 1948 Finland

27 Aug 1948 Austria

3 May 1949 Thailand

11 Jul 1950 Pakistan

29 Aug 1950 Ceylon⁸

31 Aug 1951 Sweden

3 Jan 1952 Burma⁹

13 Aug 1952 Japan

14 Aug 1952 Federal Republic of Germany

29 Aug 1952 Jordan

8 Sep 1953 Haiti

15 Apr 1954 Indonesia

12 Jul 1954 Israel

14 Jul 1955 Afghanistan

26 Aug 1955 South Korea

20 Sep 1956 Argentina

21 Sep 1956 Vietnam¹⁰

8 Aug 1957 Ireland

26 Aug 1957 Saudi Arabia

5 Sep 1957 The Sudan

20 Sep 1957 Ghana

7 Mar 1958 Malaya¹¹

14 Apr 1958 Tunisia

25 Apr 1958 Morocco

15 Sep 1958 Spain

17 Sep 1958 Libya

29 Mar 1961 Portugal

30 Mar 1961 Nigeria

5 Jul 1961 Laos

31 Aug 1961 New Zealand

6 Sep 1961 Nepal

21 Dec 1961 Cyprus

28 Mar 1962 Liberia

1 Aug 1962 Togo

31 Aug 1962 Senegal, Somalia

10 Sep 1962 Sierra Leone, Tanganyika¹²

13 Sep 1962 Kuwait

21 Feb 1963 Jamaica

11 Mar 1963 Ivory Coast¹³

24 Apr 1963 Niger

2 May 1963 Upper Volta¹⁴

10 Jul 1963 Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey¹⁵

10 Sep 1963 Gabon, Mauritania

16 Sep 1963 Trinidad and Tobago

25 Sep 1963 Madagascar¹⁶

26 Sep 1963 Algeria

27 Sep 1963 Mali, Uganda

28 Sep 1963 Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa)¹⁷, Guinea

30 Sep 1963 Rwanda

3 Feb 1964 Kenya

19 Jul 1965 Malawi

23 Sep 1965 Zambia

3 Aug 1966 Singapore

26 Sep 1966 Guyana

18 Oct 1967 The Gambia

24 Jul 1968 Botswana

25 Jul 1968 Lesotho

23 Sep 1968 Mauritius

22 Sep 1969 Swaziland

3 Oct 1969 Yemen (Aden)¹⁸

22 May 1970 Yemen (Sana)¹⁸

1 Jul 1970 Equatorial Guinea

22 Jul 1970 Cambodia

28 May 1971 Fiji

23 Dec 1971 Oman

17 Aug 1972 Bangladesh

15 Sep 1972 Bahrain

22 Sep 1972 United Arab Emirates

25 Sep 1972 Qatar

15 Dec 1972 Romania

21 Aug 1973 The Bahamas

28 Jun 1974 Western Samoa¹⁹

12 Sep 1974 Barbados

27 Aug 1975 Grenada

9 Oct 1975 Papua New Guinea

28 Oct 1976 Comoros

24 Mar 1977 Guinea-Bissau

30 Sep 1977 São Tomé and Príncipe

13 Jan 1978 Maldives

27 Jun 1978 Suriname

22 Sep 1978 Solomon Islands

20 Nov 1978 Cape Verde

27 Jun 1980 Saint Lucia

29 Sep 1980 Dominica, Seychelles, Zimbabwe

1 Oct 1980 Djibouti

28 Sep 1981 Bhutan, Vanuatu

19 Mar 1982 Belize

7 Jul 1982 Hungary

31 Aug 1982 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

22 Sep 1983 Antigua and Barbuda

26 Sep 1983 Malta

15 Aug 1984 Saint Kitts and Nevis

24 Aug 1984 Mozambique

13 Sep 1985 Tonga

29 Sep 1986 Kiribati

19 Sep 1989 Angola

25 Sep 1990 Bulgaria, Namibia

14 Feb 1991 Mongolia

15 Oct 1991 Albania

21 May 1992 Marshall Islands

29 May 1992 Switzerland

16 Jun 1992 Russia

23 Jun 1992 Estonia

6 Jul 1992 Lithuania

10 Jul 1992 Belarus

23 Jul 1992 Kazakhstan

7 Aug 1992 Georgia

11 Aug 1992 Latvia

12 Aug 1992 Moldova

3 Sep 1992 Ukraine

16 Sep 1992 Armenia

18 Sep 1992 Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan

21 Sep 1992 Uzbekistan

22 Sep 1992 Turkmenistan

1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia

25 Feb 1993 Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Slovenia

4 Jun 1993 Tajikistan

24 Jun 1993 Federated States of Micronesia

6 Jul 1994 Eritrea

10 Oct 1995 Brunei Darussalam

16 Dec 1997 Palau

21 Sep 2000 San Marino

8 May 2001 Serbia and Montenegro³

23 Jul 2002 East Timor

18 Jan 2007 Montenegro

29 Jun 2009
Kosovo

¹the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 15 May 1980, when the World Bank voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.²expelled 5 Jan 1955; rejoined 20 Sep 1990; dissolved 31 Dec 1992, succeeded by Czech Republic and Slovakia. ³expelled 25 Feb 1993; readmitted 8 May 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁴withdrew 1 Dec 1960; rejoined 18 Sep 1961. ⁵withdrew 14 Mar 1950; rejoined 27 Jun 1986.⁶withdrew 14 Nov 1960. ⁷1958-1961 part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. Syria left World Bank 18 Jul 1958; On 28 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on2 Nov 1961.⁸from 1972 Sri Lanka. ⁹from 1989 Myanmar. ¹⁰Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam, from 23 Aug 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹¹from 1963 Malaysia. ¹²from 1964 Tanzania. ¹³from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire. ¹⁴from 1984 Burkina Faso. ¹⁵from 1975 Benin. ¹⁶to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹⁷Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁸Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) merged 22 May 1990 as Yemen. ¹⁹from 1997 Samoa.

World Council of Churches (WCC): see under Religious Organizations

World Court: see International Court of Justice (ICJ)

World Customs Organization (WCO)

[World Customs Organization (WCO) Flag]

Adopted 1993

WCO website

Headquarters: Brussels
(Belgium)

WCO Day: 26 Jan (1953)
International Customs Day

4 Nov 1952 Customs Cooperation Council (CCC). 22 Jun 1994 World Customs Organization (WCO) adopted as working name. Secretaries-general 2 Feb 1953 - 1 Aug 1953 Baron François de Sélys Longchamps (b. 1910) (Belgium) 2 Aug 1953 - 31 Aug 1978 Chevalier Georges Annez de Taboada (b. 1913 - d. 1997) (Belgium) 1 Sep 1978 - 31 Dec 1983 Sir Ronald Radford (U.K.) (b. 1916?) 1 Jan 1981 - 31 Dec 1988 Glenn R. Dickerson (U.S.) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1993 Thomas P. Hayes (Australia) 1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1998 James W. Shaver (U.S.) 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 2008 Michel Danet (France) (b. 1941 - d. 2009) 1 Jan 2009 - Kunio Mikuriya (Japan)Chairmen of the Council26 Jan 1953 - 14 Jun 1954 G. DeGois (France) 14 Jun 1954 - 25 Nov 1957 A.D. Owen (United Kingdom) 25 Nov 1957 - 30 Nov 1959 W.H. van den Berge (Netherlands) 30 Nov 1959 - 5 Dec 1961 K. Korst (Denmark) 5 Dec 1961 - 4 Dec 1962 Josef Stangelberger (Austria) 4 Dec 1962 - 1 Dec 1964 Ph. de Montremy (France) 1 Dec 1964 - 1 Jun 1965 Sir John Anderson (United Kingdom) (d. 1965) 1 Jun 1965 - 30 Nov 1965 Ayodele Diyan(Nigeria)(acting) 30 Nov 1965 - 30 Jun 1967 Ch. Lenz (Switzerland) 1 Jul 1967 - 30 Jun 1969 Bartholomew Culligan(Ireland) 1 Jul 1969 - 30 Jun 1970 Víctor Castro (Spain) 1 Jul 1970 - 30 Jun 1972 L. Eriksson (Sweden) 1 Jul 1972 - 30 Jun 1974 H. Hutter (West Germany) 1 Jul 1974 - 30 Jun 1976 Jasjit Singh (India) 1 Jul 1976 - 30 Jun 1978 J. Broz (Czechoslovakia) 1 Jul 1978 - 30 Jun 1980 J.A. Kean (New Zealand) 1 Jul 1980 - 30 Jun 1982 J.P. Connell (Canada) 1 Jul 1982 - 30 Jun 1984 Jacques Campet (France) (b. 1943? - d. 2007) 1 Jul 1984 - 30 Jun 1986 Jorma Uitto (Finland) (b. 1921)
1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1987 H. Ndzomo Ndzana (Cameroon) 1 Jul 1987 - 30 Jun 1988 Abubakar Musa (Nigeria) 1 Jul 1988 - 30 Jun 1989 B. Eriksson (Sweden) 1 Jul 1989 - 30 Jun 1991 Humberto Ríos Rodríguez(Spain) 1 Jul 1991 - 30 Jun 1992 Sir Brian Unwin (United Kingdom) 1 Jul 1992 - 30 Jun 1994 Jean-Dominique Comolli(France) (b. 1948) 1 Jul 1994 - 30 Jun 1996 Dame Valerie Strachan (f) (b. 1940) (United Kingdom) 1 Jul 1996 - 30 Jun 1998 Graeme W. Ludlow (New Zealand) 1 Jul 1998 - 30 Jun 2000 Enrique Fanta Ivanovic (Chile) 1 Jul 2000 - Feb 2001 Obaid Saqer Busit (b. 1960?) (United Arab Emirates) Feb 2001 - 30 Jun 2001 John C. Tsang (Hong Kong) (b. 1951) (interim) 1 Jul 2001 -30 Jun 2006 Pravin Gordhan (South Africa) (b. 1949) 1 Jul 2006 - 30 Jun 2008 Tapani Erling (Finland) (b. 1945) 1 Jul 2008 - Martyn Dunne (New Zealand)

WCO membership (176)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`4 Nov 1952`	`Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, West Germany¹`
`20 Nov 1952`	`Italy`
`11 Dec 1952`	`Belgium`
`19 Dec 1952`	`Switzerland`
`21 Jan 1953`	`Austria`
`23 Jan 1953`	`Luxembourg, The Netherlands`
`26 Jan 1953`	`Portugal`
`16 Nov 1955`	`Pakistan`
`26 Oct 1956`	`Egypt`
`30 Apr 1957`	`Indonesia`
`31 Jan 1958`	`Haiti`
`23 May 1958`	`Israel`
`16 Oct 1959`	`Iran`
`3 Nov 1959`	`Syria`
`26 Apr 1960`	`Yugoslavia²`
`20 May 1960`	`Lebanon`
`8 Jun 1960`	`The Sudan`
`5 Jan 1961`	`Australia`
`27 Jan 1961`	`Finland`
`29 Mar 1963`	`Jamaica`
`16 May 1963`	`New Zealand`
`21 Aug 1963`	`Nigeria`
`2 Sep 1963`	`Ivory Coast³`
`1 Jan 1964`	`Jordan`
`18 Feb 1964`	`Madagascar⁴`
`3 Mar 1964`	`Rwanda`
`24 Mar 1964`	`South Africa`
`15 Jun 1964`	`Japan`
`30 Jun 1964`	`Malaysia`
`20 Oct 1964`	`Burundi`
`3 Nov 1964`	`Uganda`
`17 Nov 1964`	`Tanzania`
`18 Feb 1965`	`Gabon`
`9 Apr 1965`	`Cameroon`
`24 May 1965`	`Kenya`
`23 Sep 1965`	`Czechoslovakia⁵`
`6 Jun 1966`	`Malawi`
`1 Jul 1966`	`Chile`
`20 Jul 1966`	`Tunisia`
`16 Sep 1966`	`Upper Volta⁶`
`19 Dec 1966`	`Algeria`
`29 May 1967`	`Ceylon⁷`
`31 Aug 1967`	`Cyprus`
`1 Jul 1968`	`Argentina,Morocco`
`2 Jul 1968`	`South Korea`
`6 Jul 1968`	`Malta`
`1 Aug 1968`	`Ghana`
`16 Sep 1968`	`Hungary`
`15 Jan 1969`	`Romania`
`3 Oct 1969`	`Paraguay`
`27 Jan 1970`	`Peru`
`5 Nov 1970`	`United States`
`15 Feb 1971`	`Iceland, India`
`12 Oct 1971`	`Canada`
`4 Feb 1972`	`Thailand`
`26 Jul 1972`	`Zaire⁸`
`29 Mar 1973`	`Mauritus`
`8 May 1973`	`Saudi Arabia`
`1 Aug 1973`	`Bulgaria`
`6 Aug 1973`	`Ethiopia`
`15 Oct 1973`	`Trinidad and Tobago`
`17 Jul 1974`	`Poland`
`16 Aug 1974`	`The Bahamas`
`7 Jan 1975`	`Liberia`
`9 Jul 1975`	`Singapore`
`2 Sep 1975`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`6 Nov 1975`	`Sierra Leone`
`10 Mar 1976`	`Senegal`
`29 Jul 1976`	`Guyana`
`16 Sep 1977`	`Uruguay`
`1 Jul 1978`	`Bangladesh`
`2 Aug 1978`	`Lesotho`
`25 Aug 1978`	`Botswana`
`27 Sep 1978`	`Zambia`
`7 Feb 1979`	`United Arab Emirates`
`2 Oct 1979`	`Mauritania`
`1 Oct 1980`	`Philippines`
`19 Jan 1981`	`Brazil`
`19 Mar 1981`	`Zimbabwe`
`15 May 1981`	`Swaziland`
`1 Jul 1981`	`Niger`
`11 Jan 1983`	`Libya`
`18 Jul 1983`	`China`
`22 Feb 1985`	`Guatemala`
`22 Jul 1985`	`Nepal`
`28 Jul 1986`	`Central Africa Republic`
`1 Jul 1987`	`Hong Kong, Mozambique`
`7 Aug 1987`	`Mali`
`14 Oct 1987`	`The Gambia`
`8 Feb 1988`	`Mexico`
`11 Jul 1988`	`Cuba`
`12 Feb 1990`	`Togo`
`27 Mar 1990`	`East Germany¹`
`6 Jun 1990`	`Iraq`
`1 Jul 1990`	`Bermuda`
`26 Sep 1990`	`Angola`
`25 Mar 1991`	`Myanmar`
`8 Jul 1991`	`Soviet Union⁹`
`17 Sep 1991`	`Mongolia`
`30 Oct 1991`	`Guinea`
`4 May 1992`