International Organizations N

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International Organizations N-W

Contents: New Development Bank (NDB) - Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) - Nordic Council (Norden) - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - NATO Parliamentary Assembly - Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - Organization of American States (OAS) - Organization of Central American States (ODECA) - Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) - Pacific Community - Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) - Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean (PAM) - Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) - Red Cross and Red Crescent - Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) - Southern African Development Community (SADC) - Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) - Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) - United Nations (UN) - United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) - United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) - United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) - Universal Postal Union (UPU) - Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) - Warsaw Treaty Organization - Western European Union (WEU) - World Bank (IBRD) - World Customs Organization (WCO) - World Food Program (WFP) - World Health Organization (WHO) - World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) - World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - Word Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - World Trade Organization (WTO) -

New Development Bank (NDB)

NDB website

Headquarters: Shanghai
(China)

8 Jul 2015 New Development Bank (NDB), formerly referred to as the "BRICS Development Bank", established.

President21 Jul 2015 - Kundapur Vaman Kamath (India) (b. 1947)NDB membership (5)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`8 Jul 2015`	`Brazil, China, India, Russia, South Africa`

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

NAM website Headquarters: Jakarta
(Indonesia)

1 Sep 1961 Non-Aligned Movement founded.

Chairmen of the Non-Aligned Movement 1 Sep 1961 - 10 Oct 1964 Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia) (b. 1892 - d. 1980) 10 Oct 1964 - 10 Sep 1970 Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt) (b. 1918 - d. 1970) 10 Sep 1970 - 9 Sep 1973 Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia) (b. 1924) 9 Sep 1973 - 19 Aug 1976 Houari Boumedienne (Algeria) (b. 1932 - d. 1978) 19 Aug 1976 - 23 Jul 1977 Sirimavo Bandaranaike (f) (b. 1916 - d. 2000) (Sri Lanka) 23 Jul 1977 - 6 Feb 1978 Junius Richard Jayawardene (b. 1906 - d. 1996) (Sri Lanka) 6 Feb 1978 - 9 Sep 1979 Ranasinghe Premadasa (b. 1924 - d. 1993) (Sri Lanka) 9Sep 1979 - 12 Mar 1983 Fidel Castro (Cuba)(1st time) (b. 1926 - d. 2016) 12 Mar 1983 - 31 Oct 1984 Indira Gandhi (f)(India) (b. 1917 - d. 1984) 31 Oct 1984 - 6 Sep 1986 Rajiv Gandhi (India) (b. 1944 - d. 1991) 6 Sep 1986 - 7 Sep 1989 Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe) (b. 1924) 7 Sep 1989 - 15 May 1990 Janez Drnovšek (Yugoslavia) (b. 1950 - d. 2008) 16 May 1990 - 15 May 1991 Borisav Jović (Yugoslavia) (b. 1928) 16 May 1991 - 1 Jul 1991 Sejdo Bajramović (Yugoslavia) (b. 1927 - d. 1994) 1 Jul 1991 - 5 Dec 1991 Stipe Mesić (Yugoslavia) (b. 1934) 5 Dec 1991 - 15 Jun 1992 Branko Kostić (Yugoslavia) (b. 1939) 15 Jun 1992 - 6 Sep 1992 Dobrica Ćosić (Yugoslavia) (b. 1921 - d. 2014) 6 Sep 1992 - 20 Oct 1995 Suharto (Indonesia) (b. 1921 - d. 2008) 20 Oct 1995 - 7 Aug 1998 Ernesto Samper Pizano (Colombia)(b. 1950) 7 Aug 1998 - 3 Sep 1998 Andrés Pastrana Arango (b. 1954) (Colombia) 3 Sep 1998 - 16 Jun 1999 Nelson Mandela (South Africa) (b. 1918 - d. 2013) 16 Jun 1999 - 25 Feb 2003 Thabo Mbeki (South Africa) (b. 1942) 25 Feb 2003 - 31 Oct 2003 Datuk Seri Mahathir bin Mohamad (b. 1925) (Malaysia) 31 Oct 2003 - 16 Sep 2006 Datuk Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (b. 1939) (Malaysia) 16 Sep 2006 - 24 Feb 2008 Fidel Castro (Cuba)(2nd time) (s.a.) 24 Feb 2008 - 16 Jul 2009 Raúl Castro (Cuba) (b. 1931)16 Jul 2009 - 11 Feb 2011 Hosni Mubarak (Egypt) (b. 1928) 11 Feb 2011 - 30 Jun 2012 Mohammed Hussein Tantawi (Egypt)(b. 1931) 30 Jun 2012 - 31 Aug 2012 Mohamed Morsi (Egypt) (b. 1951) 31 Aug 2012 - 3 Aug 2013 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Iran) (b. 1956) 3 Aug 2013 - 18 Sep 2016 Hassan Rouhani (Iran) (b. 1948) 18 Sep 2016 - Nicolás Maduro (Venezuela) (b. 1962)

NAM membership (120)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`1 Sep 1961`	`Afghanistan, Algeria, Burma¹, Cambodia, Ceylon², Congo (Kinshasa)³, Cuba, Cyprus⁴, Egypt⁵, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen (Sana)⁶, Yugoslavia⁷`
`5 Oct 1964`	`Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey⁸, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Tanganyika⁹, Togo, Uganda, Zambia`
`8 Sep 1970`	`Botswana, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guyana, Jamaica, Lesotho, Malaysia, Rwanda, Singapore, Swaziland, Trinidad and Tobago,United Arab Emirates,` `Yemen (Aden)⁶`
`5 Sep 1973`	`Argentina¹⁰, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Chile, The Gambia, Ivory Coast¹¹, Madagascar¹², Malta¹³, Mauritius, Niger, Oman, Peru, Qatar, South Vietnam (NLF)¹⁴, Upper Volta¹⁵`
`15 Aug 1976`	`Belize¹⁶, Cape Verde¹⁷,` `Comoros,Guinea-Bissau, Maldives, Mozambique, North Korea, Palestine, Panama, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Vietnam`
`3 Sep 1979`	`Bolivia, Grenada, Iran, Namibia¹⁸, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Zimbabwe`
`7 Mar 1983`	`The Bahamas, Barbados, Colombia, Djibouti, Ecuador, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Vanuatu`
`4 Sep 1989`	`Venezuela`
`2 Sep 1991`	`Mongolia`
`1 Sep 1992`	`Brunei Darussalam,` `Guatemala, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Uzbekistan`
`4 Oct 1993`	`Eritrea, Honduras, Thailand`
`31 May 1994`	`South Africa`
`18 Oct 1995`	`Turkmenistan`
`2 Sep 1998`	`Belarus`
`8 Apr 2000`	`Dominican Republic`
`20 Feb 2003`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Timor-Leste`
`29 May 2006`	`Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica`
`16 Sep 2006`	`Haiti, Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`25 May 2011`	`Azerbaijan, Fiji`
`¹from 1989 Myanmar.²from 1972 Sri Lanka.³Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.⁴Cyprus ceased to be a member 1 May 2004.⁵1958 - 1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria; in 1961 Syria left the union.⁶Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as Yemen.⁷Yugoslavia suspended from 30 Sep 1992;from 4 Feb 2003called Serbia and Montenegro, dissolved 5 Jun 2006.⁸from 1975 Benin.` `⁹United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar,1 Nov 1964` `renamed Tanzania.` `¹⁰Argentina withdrew 19 Sep 1991.¹¹from 1985` `Côte d'Ivoire.¹²to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹³Malta ceased to be a member` `1 May 2004.` `¹⁴Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republicof SouthVietnam, represented byNational Liberation Front (NLF);from 30 Apr 1975 Republic of South Vietnam; from 23 Aug 1976 united with North Vietnam as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.` `¹⁵from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹⁶Belize special member to 25 Sep 1981.¹⁷from 2013 Cabo Verde.¹⁸represented by SouthWest African People's Organization (SWAPO)3 Sep 1979 - 21 Mar 1990.`

Nordic Council (Norden)


Nov 1984 - 2004


2004 - 1 Nov 2016


Adopted 1 Nov 2016

Nordic Council website

Headquarters: Copenhagen (Denmark)

12 Feb 1953 Nordic Council (Norden) inaugurated. 1 Jul 1962 Treaty of Nordic Cooperation of Helsinki (23 Mar 1962 signed) in force. Jul 1971 Secretariat inaugurated.

Secretaries-general Jul 1971 - Jun 1973 Emil K. Vindestmo (Norway) (b. 1916 - d. 1983) Dec 1973 - Aug 1977 Helge Seip (Norway) (b. 1919 - d. 2004) Aug 1977 - Aug 1982 Gudmund Saxrud (Norway) (b. 1920 - d. 2003) Sep 1982 - Jan 1987 Ilkka-Christian Björklund (b. 1947) (Finland) Feb 1987 - 31 Aug 1989 Cay Gerhard af Schultén (Finland) (b. 1938) 1 Sep 1989 - 31 Aug 1994 Jostein Osnes (Norway) (b. 1942) (interim to 1 Jan 1990) 1 Sep 1994 - 31 Jul 1996 Anders Wenström (Sweden) (b. 1946) 1 Aug 1996 - 31 Aug 1999 Berglind Ásgeirsdóttir (f) (b. 1955) (Iceland) 1 Sep 1999 - 31 Jul 2007 Frida Nokken (f) (Norway) (b. 1948) 1 Aug 2007 - 31 Dec 2013 Jan-Erik Enestam (Finland) (b. 1947) 1 Jan 2014 - Britt Bohlin (f) (Sweden) (b. 1956)

Presidents 12 Feb 1953 - 31 Dec 1953 Hans Hedtoft (Denmark) (b. 1903 - d. 1955) 1 Jan 1954 - 31 Dec 1954 Einar Henry Gerhardsen (Norway) (b. 1897 - d. 1987) 1 Jan 1955 - 31 Dec 1955 Nils Herlitz (Sweden) (b. 1888 - d. 1978) 1 Jan 1956 - 31 Dec 1956 Erik Eriksen (Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1902 - d. 1972) 1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec 1957 Lennart Heljas (Finland) (b. 1896 - d. 1972) 1 Jan 1958 - 31 Dec 1958 Nils Hønsvald (Norway) (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1971) 1 Jan 1959 - 31 Dec 1959 Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1979) 1 Jan 1960 - 31 Dec 1960 Gísli Jónsson (Iceland) (b. 1889 - d. 1970) 1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec 1961 Erik Eriksen (Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1962 - 31 Dec 1962 Karl August Fagerholm (Finland) (b. 1901 - d. 1984) 1 Jan 1963 - 31 Dec 1963 Nils Hønsvald (Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1964 - 31 Dec 1964 Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1965 - 31 Dec 1965 Sigurdur Bjarnason (Iceland) (b. 1915 - d. 2012) 1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec 1966 Harald Nielsen (Denmark) (b. 1896 - d. 1976) 1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Eino Armas Sirén (Finland) (b. 1909 - d. 1981) 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Svenn Thorkild Stray (Norway) (b. 1922 - d. 2012) 1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Leif Cassel (Sweden) (b. 1906 - d. 1988) 1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Matthías Árnason Mathiesen (b. 1931 - d. 2011) (1st time) (Iceland) 1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1971 Jens Otto Krag (Denmark) (b. 1914 - d. 1978) 1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1972 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen (b. 1906 - d. 1995) (Finland) (1st time) 1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1973 Kåre Isaachsen Willoch (Norway) (b. 1928) 1 Jan 1974 - 31 Dec 1974 Johannes Antonsson (Sweden) (b. 1921 - d. 1995) 1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1975 Ragnhildur Helgadóttir (f) (b. 1930 - d. 2016) (Iceland) 1 Jan 1976 - 31 Dec 1976 Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (1st time) (b. 1929) 1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1977 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen (s.a.) (Finland) (2nd time) 1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec 1978 Trygve Bratteli (Norway) (b. 1910 - d. 1984) 1 Jan 1979 - 31 Dec 1979 Olof Palme (Sweden) (b. 1927 - d. 1986) 1 Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1980 Matthías Árnason Mathiesen (s.a.) (2nd time) (Iceland) 1 Jan 1981 - 31 Dec 1981 Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1982 Elsi Hetemäki-Olander (f)(1st time)(b. 1927) (Finland) 1 Jan 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Jo Benkow (Norway) (b. 1924 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 1984 Karin Söder (f) (Sweden)(1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2015) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Páll Pétursson (Iceland)(1st time) (b. 1937) 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Dec 1986 Anker Jørgensen (Denmark)(1st time)(b. 1922 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 1987 - 31 Dec 1987 Elsi Hetemäki-Olander (f) (s.a.) (Finland)(2nd time) 1 Jan 1988 - 31 Dec 1988 Jan Peder Syse (Norway) (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 1997) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Karin Söder (f) (Sweden)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1990 - 31 Dec 1990 Páll Pétursson (Iceland)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 Anker Jørgensen (Denmark)(2nd time)(s.a.) 1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Ilkka Olavi Suominen (Finland) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Jan Peder Syse (Norway) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1994 - Sep 1994 Sten Andersson (Sweden) (b. 1923 - d. 2006) Sep 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Per Olof Håkansson (Sweden) (b. 1941 - d. 2000) 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 Geir Hilmar Haarde (Iceland) (b. 1951) 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Knud Enggaard (Denmark) (3rd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Olof Salmén (Finland) (b. 1927 - d. 2011) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Berit Brørby Larsen (f) (Norway) (b. 1950) 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Gun Hellsvik (f) (Sweden) (b. 1942 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 Sigrídur Anna Thórdardóttir (f) (b. 1946) (Iceland) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Svend Erik Hovmand (Denmark) (b. 1945) 1 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Outi Ojala (f)(Finland) (b. 1946 - d. 2017) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Inge Lønning (Norway) (b. 1938 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Gabriel Romanus (Sweden) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Rannveig Gudmundsdóttir (f) (b. 1940) (Iceland) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Ole Stavad (Denmark) (b. 1949) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Dagfinn Høybråten (Norway) (b. 1957) 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Erkki Tuomioja (Finland) (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Sinikka Bohlin (f)(Sweden) (b. 1947) 1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Helgi Hjörvar (Iceland) (b. 1967) 1 Jan 2011 - 21 Oct 2011 Henrik Dam Kristensen (Denmark) (b. 1957) (1st time) 21 Oct 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Bertel Haarder(Denmark) (b. 1944) 1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Kimmo Sasi (Finland) (b. 1952) 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 Marit Nybakk (f)(Norway) (b. 1947) 1 Jan 2014 - 30 Sep 2014 Karin Åström (f) (Sweden) (b. 1953) 22 Oct 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Hans Wallmark (Sweden) (b. 1965) 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Höskuldur Thórhallsson (Iceland) (b. 1973) 1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Henrik Dam Kristensen (Denmark) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Jan 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Britt Lundberg (f) (Finland) (b. 1963) 1 Jan 2018 - Michael Tetzschner (Norway) (b. 1954)

Nordic Council Membership (5)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

12 Feb 1953 Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden

27 Jan 1956 Finland

Date of
Participation
Member Territories

1 Jan 1970 Aland Islands, Faroe Islands

15 Jul 1983 Greenland

North Atlantic Treaty Organizations (NATO)


Adopted 14 Oct 1953

NATO website

North Atlantic Treaty
(4 Apr 1949)

Hear Anthem
"NATO Hymn"

Headquarters: Brussels
(Belgium)

4 Apr 1949 The North Atlantic Treaty is signed in Washington. 24 Aug 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization established. 11 Jan 1994 Partnership for Peace (PFP) with former Soviet states and Eastern European nations created.

Secretaries-general 4 Apr 1952 - 16 May 1957 Hastings Ismay, Baron Ismay (U.K.) (b. 1887 - d. 1965) 16 May 1957 - 4 Mar 1961 Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 - d. 1972) 4 Mar 1961 - 21 Apr 1961 Alberico Casardi (Italy)(acting) (b. 1903 - d. 1979) 21 Apr 1961 - 1 Aug 1964 Dirk Uipko Stikker (Netherlands) (b. 1897 - d. 1979) 1 Aug 1964 - 1 Oct 1971 Manlio Brosio (Italy) (b. 1897 - d. 1980) 1 Oct 1971 - 25 Jun 1984 Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns (b. 1911 - d. 2002) (Netherlands) 25 Jun 1984 - 1 Jul 1988 Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, (b. 1919) Baron Carrington of Upton (U.K.) 1 Jul 1988 - 13 Aug 1994 Manfred Wörner (Germany) (b. 1934 - d. 1994) 13 Aug 1994 - 17 Oct 1994 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (1st time)(b. 1934) (acting) 17 Oct 1994 - 20 Oct 1995 Willem"Willy" Werner Hubert Claes (b. 1938) (Belgium) 20 Oct 1995 - 5 Dec 1995 Sergio Balanzino (Italy) (2nd time)(s.a.) (acting) 5 Dec 1995 - 6 Oct 1999 Javier Solana Madariaga (Spain) (b. 1942) 14 Oct 1999 - 17 Dec 2003 George Islay Macneill Robertson, (b. 1946) Baron Robertson of Port Ellen (U.K.) 17 Dec 2003 - 5 Jan 2004 Alessandro Minuto Rizzo (Italy) (b. 1940) (acting) 5 Jan 2004 - 1 Aug 2009 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de Hoop (b. 1948) Scheffer (Netherlands) 1 Aug 2009 - 1 Oct 2014 Anders Fogh Rasmussen (Denmark) (b. 1953) 1 Oct 2014 - Jens Stoltenberg (Norway) (b. 1959)

Supreme Allied Commanders Europe (SACEUR) (all from U.S.) 2 Apr 1951 - 30 May 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower (b. 1890 - d. 1969) 30 May 1952 - 11 Jul 1953 Matthew B. Ridgway (b. 1895 - d. 1993) 11 Jul 1953 - 20 Nov 1956 Alfred M. Gruenther (b. 1899 - d. 1983) 20 Nov 1956 - 1 Jan 1963 Lauris Norstad (b. 1907 - d. 1988) 1 Jan 1963 - 1 Jul 1969 Lyman L. Lemnitzer (b. 1899 - d. 1988) 1 Jul 1969 - 15 Dec 1974 Andrew J. Goodpaster (b. 1915 - d. 2005) 15 Dec 1974 - 1 Jul 1979 Alexander M. Haig (b. 1924 - d. 2010) 1 Jul 1979 - 26 Jun 1987 Bernard Rogers (b. 1921 - d. 2008) 26 Jun 1987 - 23 Jun 1992 John R. Galvin (b. 1929 - d. 2015) 23 Jun 1992 - 22 Oct 1993 John M. Shalikashvili (b. 1936 - d. 2011) 22 Oct 1993 - 11 Jul 1997 George A. Joulwan (b. 1939)11 Jul 1997 - 3 May 2000 Wesley K. Clark (b. 1944) 3 May 2000 - 17 Jan 2003 Joseph W. Ralston (b. 1943)17 Jan 2003 - 7 Dec 2006 James L. Jones (b. 1943) 7 Dec 2006 - 2 Jul 2009 Bantz J. Craddock (b. 1949) 2 Jul 2009 - 13 May 2013 James G. Stavridis (b. 1955) 13 May 2013 - 4 May 2016 Philip M. Breedlove (b. 1955) 4 May 2016 - Curtis M. Scaparrotti (b. 1956)

NATO Membership (29)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

24 Aug 1949 Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France¹, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States

18 Feb 1952 Greece², Turkey

5 May 1955 Federal Republic of Germany

30 May 1982 Spain³

12 Mar 1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland

29 Mar 2004 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia

1 Apr 2009 Albania, Croatia

5 Jun 2017 Montenegro

¹France withdrew from integrated military structure 1 Jul 1966; rejoined 3 Apr 2009.²Greece withdrew from integrated military structure 14 Aug 1974; rejoined 20 Oct 1980.³Spain outside integrated military structure until 1 Jan 1999.

NATO Parliamentary Assembly
(institutionally independent from NATO)

[NATO Parliamentary Assembly
flag]

NATO Parliamentary
Assembly website

Headquarters: Brussels (Belgium)
(Paris, France 1960-1968;
London, UK 1956-1960)

18 Jul 1955 NATO Parliamentarians' ConferenceNov 1966 North Atlantic Assembly (NAA) 1 Jun 1999 NATO Parliamentary Assembly (NATO-PA)Executive Secretary1955 - 1960 Douglas Robinson (U.K.) (b. 1929?)Secretaries-general1960 - 31 Dec 1967 Otto van Hinloopen Labberton (b. 1913 - d. 1982) (Netherlands) 1 Jan 1968 - Dec 1986 Philippe Deshormes (Belgium) (b. 1921 - d. 1993)Jan 1987 - May 1997 Peter Corterier ([West] Germany) (b. 1936 - d. 2017)31 May 1997 - 31 Dec 2007 Simon Lunn (U.K.) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 2008 - David Hobbs (U.K.) (b. 1956)

Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT)

NPT Text
(1 Jul 1968)

Place of Adoption: New York City
(United States)

1 Jul 1968 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons signed. 5 Mar 1970 Treaty enters into force.
NPT state parties (191)

Date of Ratification	Nation Parties
`5 Mar 1970`	`Afghanistan, Austria, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Republic of China¹, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia², Denmark, East Germany³, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Laos, Liberia, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Somalia, Soviet Union⁴, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States, Upper Volta⁵, Yugoslavia⁶`
`11 Mar 1970`	`Greece`
`7 Apr 1970`	`Maldives`
`4 May 1970`	`Ghana`
`20 May 1970`	`Lesotho`
`26 May 1970`	`Bolivia`
`2 Jun 1970`	`Haiti`
`11 Jun 1970`	`Kenya`
`15 Jul 1970`	`Lebanon`
`4 Aug 1970`	`Zaire⁷`
`10 Aug 1970`	`San Marino`
`31 Aug 1970`	`Uruguay`
`22 Sep 1970`	`Guatemala`
`8 Oct 1970`	`Madagascar`
`25 Oct 1970`	`Central African Republic`
`27 Nov 1970`	`Morocco`
`17 Dec 1970`	`Senegal`
`25 Feb 1971`	`Holy See`
`10 Mar 1971`	`Chad`
`17 Mar 1971`	`Burundi`
`7 Jul 1971`	`Tonga`
`24 Jul 1971`	`Dominican Republic`
`10 Sep 1971`	`South Vietnam⁸`
`2 Jun 1972`	`Cambodia`
`11 Jul 1972`	`El Salvador`
`21 Jul 1972`	`Fiji`
`5 Oct 1972`	`Philippines`
`31 Oct 1972`	`Dahomey⁹`
`7 Dec 1972`	`Thailand`
`23 Jan 1973`	`Australia`
`6 Mar 1973`	`Ivory Coast¹⁰, Nicaragua`
`16 May 1973`	`Honduras`
`31 Oct 1973`	`The Sudan`
`19 Feb 1974`	`Gabon`
`26 Feb 1975`	`Sierra Leone`
`17 Mar 1975`	`Western Samoa¹¹`
`23 Apr 1975`	`South Korea`
`2 May 1975`	`Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, West Germany³`
`12 May 1975`	`The Gambia`
`20 May 1975`	`Rwanda`
`26 May 1975`	`Libya`
`2 Sep 1975`	`Grenada`
`25 Sep 1975`	`Venezuela`
`10 Mar 1976`	`Singapore`
`8 Jun 1976`	`Japan`
`30 Jun 1976`	`Suriname`
`11 Aug 1976`	`The Bahamas`
`20 Aug 1976`	`Guinea-Bissau`
`13 Jan 1977`	`Panama`
`9 Mar 1977`	`Switzerland`
`15 Dec 1977`	`Portugal`
`20 Apr 1978`	`Liechtenstein`
`23 Oct 1978`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`19 Jan 1979`	`Tuvalu`
`5 Mar 1979`	`Sri Lanka`
`1 Jun 1979`	`Yemen (Aden)¹²`
`12 Jul 1979`	`Indonesia`
`31 Aug 1979`	`Bangladesh`
`24 Oct 1979`	`Cape Verde¹³`
`28 Dec 1979`	`Saint Lucia`
`21 Feb 1980`	`Barbados`
`17 Apr 1980`	`Turkey`
`26 Feb 1981`	`Egypt`
`17 Jun 1981`	`Solomon Islands`
`13 Jan 1982`	`Papua New Guinea`
`7 Jun 1982`	`Nauru`
`14 Jun 1982`	`Vietnam`
`20 Oct 1982`	`Uganda`
`20 Jul 1983`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`10 Aug 1984`	`Dominica`
`1 Nov 1984`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`6 Nov 1984`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`12 Mar 1985`	`Seychelles`
`18 Apr 1985`	`Kiribati`
`29 Apr 1985`	`Guinea`
`26 Mar 1985`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`23 May 1985`	`Bhutan`
`17 Jun 1985`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`9 Aug 1985`	`Belize`
`12 Dec 1985`	`North Korea¹⁴`
`18 Feb 1986`	`Malawi`
`8 Apr 1986`	`Colombia`
`14 May 1986`	`Yemen (Sana)¹²`
`30 Oct 1986`	`Trinidad and Tobago`
`5 Nov 1987`	`Spain`
`3 Oct 1988`	`Saudi Arabia`
`3 Nov 1988`	`Bahrain`
`3 Apr 1989`	`Qatar`
`17 Nov 1989`	`Kuwait`
`4 Sep 1990`	`Mozambique`
`12 Sep 1990`	`Albania`
`15 May 1991`	`Zambia`
`31 May 1991`	`Tanzania`
`10 Jul 1991`	`South Africa`
`23 Sep 1991`	`Lithuania`
`26 Sep 1991`	`Zimbabwe`
`7 Jan 1992`	`Estonia`
`31 Jan 1992`	`Latvia`
`9 Mar 1992`	`People's Republic of China¹`
`7 Apr 1992`	`Slovenia`
`7 May 1992`	`Uzbekistan`
`29 Jun 1992`	`Croatia`
`2 Aug 1992`	`France`
`22 Sep 1992`	`Azerbaijan`
`2 Oct 1992`	`Namibia`
`9 Oct 1992`	`Niger`
`2 Dec 1992`	`Myanmar`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia`
`9 Feb 1993`	`Belarus`
`21 Jul 1993`	`Armenia`
`19 Oct 1993`	`Guyana`
`26 Oct 1993`	`Mauritania`
`17 Jan 1994`	`Tajikistan`
`14 Feb 1994`	`Kazakhstan`
`7 Mar 1994`	`Georgia`
`5 Jul 1994`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`15 Aug 1994`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`29 Sep 1994`	`Turkmenistan`
`11 Oct 1994`	`Moldova`
`5 Dec 1994`	`Ukraine`
`12 Jan 1995`	`Algeria`
`30 Jan 1995`	`Marshall Islands`
`10 Feb 1995`	`Argentina`
`13 Mar 1995`	`Monaco`
`16 Mar 1995`	`Eritrea`
`30 Mar 1995`	`Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`14 Apr 1995`	`Federated States of Micronesia, Palau`
`25 May 1995`	`Chile`
`24 Aug 1995`	`Vanuatu`
`26 Sep 1995`	`United Arab Emirates`
`4 Oct 1995`	`Comoros`
`7 Jun 1996`	`Andorra`
`14 Oct 1996`	`Angola`
`16 Oct 1996`	`Djibouti`
`23 Jan 1997`	`Oman`
`18 Sep 1998`	`Brazil`
`4 Nov 2002`	`Cuba`
`5 May 2003`	`Timor-Leste`
`3 Jun 2006`	`Montenegro`
`10 Feb 2015`	`Palestine`
`¹the Republic of China (Taiwan) was an original NPT signatory 27 Jan 1970 and represented China until 15 Nov 1971, when the UN voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.Though Taiwan states it will continue to abide by the treaty;the People's Republic of Chinaacceded to the NPT 29 Dec 1991, effective 9 Mar 1992.²Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.³East Germany and West Germany united 1990.⁴Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.⁵from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁶succession to the Treaty by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is 27 April 1992; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁷from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).⁸unification with North Vietnam on 2 Jul 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam; by letters of 1 Aug 1979 and 6 May 1980 Vietnam stated that it did not consider itself bound by treaties previously ratified by South Vietnam;Socialist Republic ofVietnam acceded to NPT on 14 Jun 1982.⁹from 1975 Benin.¹⁰from 1985` `Côte d'Ivoire.¹¹from 1997 Samoa.¹²Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990 as Yemen.¹³from 2013 Cabo Verde.¹⁴North Korea withdrew 10 Jan 2003.`

Organisation Commune Africaine et Malgache (OCAM): see African and Malagasy Common Organization

Organization of African Unity (OAU): see African Union

Organization of American States (OAS)

1910 - 1948

[Organization of American
States (OAS) ]

Adopted Apr 1961

OAS website

OAS Charter
(2 May 1948)

Headquarters:
Washington, DC
(United States)

OAS Day: 14 Apr (1890)
Pan American Day

14 Apr 1890 Commercial Bureau of the American Republics Jan 1902 International Bureau of the American Republics Aug 1910 Pan-American Union 30 Apr 1948 Organization of American States (OAS)

Directors-general 1906 - 1 Sep 1920 John Barrett (U.S.) (b. 1866 - d. 1938) 1 Sep 1920 - 5 Dec 1946 Leo S. Rowe (U.S.) (b. 1871 - d. 1946) 5 Dec 1946 - 27 May 1947 Pedro de Alba Pérez(Mexico) (b. 1887 - d. 1960) (acting) 27 May 1947 - 30 Apr 1948 Alberto Lleras Camargo (Colombia) (b. 1906 - d. 1990) Secretaries-general 30 Apr 1948 - 31 Jul 1954 Alberto Lleras Camargo (Colombia) (s.a.) 31 Jul 1954 - 19 Oct 1955 Carlos Gregorio Dávila Espinosa (b. 1887 - d. 1955) (Chile) 19 Oct 1955 - 16 Jan 1956 William Manger (U.S.) (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1994) 16 Jan 1956 - 18 May 1968 JoséAntonio Mora Otero(Uruguay) (b. 1897 - d. 1975) 18 May 1968 - 18 May 1975 Galo Plaza Lasso (Ecuador) (b. 1906 - d. 1987) 18 May 1975 - 31 Mar 1984 Alejandro JoséLuis Orfila (b. 1925) (Argentina) 31 Mar 1984 - 20 Jun 1984 Valerie "Val" TheodoreMcComie (b. 1920 - d. 2007) (Barbados)(acting) 20 Jun 1984 - 20 Jun 1994 João Clemente Baena Soares(Brazil)(b. 1931) 20 Jun 1994 - 15 Sep 1994 Christopher Ray Thomas (acting) (b. 1937) (Trinidad and Tobago) 15 Sep 1994 - 15 Sep 2004 César Gaviria Trujillo (Colombia) (b. 1947) 15 Sep 2004 - 15 Oct 2004 Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría (b. 1940) (Costa Rica) 15 Oct 2004 - 26 May 2005 Luigi R. Einaudi (U.S.) (acting) (b. 1936) 26 May 2005 - 26 May 2015 José Miguel Insulza Salinas (b. 1943) (Chile) 26 May 2015 - Luis Leonardo Almagro Lemes (b. 1963) (Uruguay)

OAS membership (35)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

30 Apr 1948 Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba¹, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras², Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela³

17 Mar 1967 Trinidad and Tobago

15 Nov 1967 Barbados

20 Aug 1969 Jamaica

13 May 1975 Grenada

8 Jun 1977 Suriname

22 May 1979 Dominica, Saint Lucia

3 Dec 1981 Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

3 Mar 1982 The Bahamas

12 Mar 1984 Saint Kitts and Nevis

8 Jan 1990 Canada

8 Jan 1991 Belize, Guyana

¹Cuba suspended 14 Feb 1962 - 3 Jun 2009, has not resumed membership. ²Honduras suspended 4 Jul 2009 - 1 Jun 2011.³Venezuela announced its intention to withdraw on 28 Apr 2017, this would be effective two years later on 28 Apr 2019.

Organization of Central American States (ODECA) [Organization of Central
American States (ODECA)]

Headquarters: San Salvador
(El Salvador)

Hear ODECA Anthem
"La Granadera"
Adopted 22 Jun 1971

14 Oct 1951 Organization of Central American States (OCAS) (Organización de Estados Centroamericanos)(ODECA)formed.14 Oct 1955 Secretariat inaugurated.30 Mar 1965 Second charter, signed on 12 Dec 1962, effective. 1973 Functions suspended. Secretaries-general 14 Oct 1955 - 15 Feb 1960 José Guillermo Trabanino Guerrero (b. 1914 - d. 2000) (El Salvador) 15 Feb 1960 - 15 Feb 1964 Marco Tulio Zeledón Matamoros (b. 1913 - d. 1992) (Costa Rica) 15 Feb 1964 - 31 Mar 1969 Albino Román y Vega (Nicaragua) (b. 1922 - d. ....) (interim) 15 Sep 1970 - 1972 Manuel Francisco Villacorta (d. 1988) Vielman(Guatemala) (special representative to 1971)1972 - 1973 Álvaro Fernández Escalante (b. 1930) (Costa Rica) (interim)
ODECA membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`14 Oct 1951`	`Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala¹, Honduras², Nicaragua`
`¹Guatemala withdrew 4 Apr 1953, rejoined 1954.²Honduras withdrew 1970.`

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

[Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States (OECS)]
Adopted 21 Jun 2006

OECS website Headquarters: Castries
(Saint Lucia) OECS Day: 18 Jun (1981)
Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States Day

18 Jun 1981 Organization of Eastern Caribbean States founded. 10 Aug 2012 OECS assembly inaugurated.

Directors-general Jul 1982 - 1 Dec 1995 Vaughan A. Lewis (Saint Lucia) (b. 1940) Jun 1996 - 31 Jul 2001 Swinburne A.S. Lestrade (Dominica)(b. 1947) 31 Jul 2001 - 12 May 2003 George Goodwin, Jr. (acting) (b. 194. - d. 2009) (Antigua and Barbuda) 12 May 2003 - 31 Dec 2013 Len Ishmael (f) (Saint Lucia) 1 Jan 2014 - 30 Apr 2014 Bentley A. Browne (acting) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) 1 May 2014 - Didacus Jules (Saint Lucia) (b. 1956?)

Speaker of the OECS Assembly 10 Aug 2012 - Rene Baptiste (f) (b. 1951) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

OECS membership (7)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

4 Jul 1981 Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of OECS

22 Nov 1984 British Virgin Islands

24 May 1998 Anguilla

9 Apr 2016 Martinique

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

OECD to 15 Dec 2010

[Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
flag]

Adopted 15 Dec 2010

OECD website

Headquarters: Paris
(France)

16 Apr 1948 Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) 30 Sep 1961 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Secretaries-general 16 Apr 1948 - 1 Apr 1955 Robert Marjolin (France) (b. 1911 - d. 1986) 1 Apr 1955 - 1 Sep 1960 René Sergent (France) (b. 1904 - d. 1984) 1 Sep 1960 - 29 Sep 1969 Thorkil Christensen (Denmark) (b. 1899 - d. 1989) 30 Sep 1969 - 29 Sep 1984 Emile van Lennep (Netherlands) (b. 1915 - d. 1996) 30 Sep 1984 - 29 Sep 1994 Jean-Claude Paye (France) (b. 1934) (1st time) 30 Sep 1994 - 29 Nov 1994 Staffan Sohlman (Sweden) (interim) (b. 1937) 30 Nov 1994 - 31 May 1996 Jean-Claude Paye (France) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Jun 1996 - 31 May 2006 Donald J. Johnston (Canada) (b. 1936) 1 Jun 2006 - José Ángel Gurría Treviño (Mexico) (b. 1950)

OECD membership (35)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

16 Apr 1948 Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany¹, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Trieste², Turkey, United Kingdom

20 Jul 1959 Spain

14 Dec 1960 European Community³

30 Sep 1961 Canada, United States

28 Apr 1964 Japan

28 Jan 1969 Finland

7 Jun 1971 Australia

29 May 1973 New Zealand

18 May 1994 Mexico

21 Dec 1995 Czech Republic

7 May 1996 Hungary

22 Nov 1996 Poland

12 Dec 1996 South Korea

14 Dec 2000 Slovakia

7 May 2010 Chile

21 Jul 2010 Slovenia

7 Sep 2010 Israel

9 Dec 2010 Estonia

1 Jul 2016 Latvia

¹Anglo-U.S. "bizone" to 1949, then Federal Republic of Germany.²Trieste Anglo-U.S. zone only; on 26 Oct 1954 became part of Italy.³special member; from 1 Nov 1993, European Union.

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

[Organization of Islamic
Conference flag 1981-2011]

1981 - 28 Jun 2011

[Organization of the
Islamic Cooperation flag]

Adopted 28 Jun 2011

OIC website

Headquarters: Jeddah
(Saudi Arabia)

OIC Day: 25 Sep (1969)
Organization of
Islamic Cooperation Day

22 Sep 1969 First Islamic Conference opened. 4 Mar 1972 Charter of theOrganization of the Islamic Conference signed (effective 28 Feb 1973). 28 Jun 2011 RenamedOrganization of Islamic Cooperation.

Secretaries-general Dec 1970 - 31 Dec 1973 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Alhaj (b. 1903 - d. 1990) (Malaysia) 1 Jan 1974 - Dec 1975 Hassan al-Touhami (Egypt) (b. 1924 - d. 2009) Dec 1975 - Jan 1980 Amadou Karim Gaye (Senegal) (b. 1913 - d. 2000) Jan 1980 - 31 Dec 1984 Habib Chatty (Tunisia) (b. 1916 - d. 1991) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1988 Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (b. 1923 - d. 2017) (Pakistan) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1996 Hamid Algabid (Niger) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2000 Azzedine Laraki (Morocco) (b. 1929 - d. 2010) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2004 Abdelouahed Belkeziz (Morocco) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2013 Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (Turkey) (b. 1943) 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Oct 2016 Iyad bin Amin Madani (Saudi Arabia)(b. 1946) 1 Nov 2016 - 17 Nov 2016 Abdullah Alim (Saudi Arabia) (acting) 17 Nov 2016 - Yousef bin Ahmad Al-Othaimeen (Saudi Arabia)

OIC membership (57)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

22 Sep 1969 Afghanistan¹, Algeria, Chad, Egypt², Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, The Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen (Aden)³, Yemen (Sana)³

29 Feb 1972 Bahrain, Oman, Qatar,Sierra Leone, Syria⁴, United Arab Emirates

1974 Bangladesh, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Palestine, Uganda

1975 Upper Volta⁵, Cameroon

1976 Comoros, Iraq, Maldives

Apr 1978 Djibouti

1982 Benin

15 Jan 1984 Brunei Darussalam

Jan 1986 Nigeria

8 Dec 1991 Azerbaijan

Jun 1992 Turkmenistan

Dec 1992 Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Zanzibar⁶

10 Dec 1994 Mozambique

12 Dec 1995 Kazakhstan

2 Oct 1996 Uzbekistan

Dec 1996 Suriname

2 Oct 1997 Togo

1 Oct 1998 Guyana

27 Jun 2001 Côte d'Ivoire

¹Afghanistan suspended 28 Jan 1980 - 13 Mar 1989 (seat then given to rebels).²Egypt suspended 9 May 1979 - 30 Jan 1984.³Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united as Yemen 22 May 1990. ⁴Syria suspended from 16 Aug 2012.⁵from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁶Zanzibar withdrew Aug 1993.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

[OPEC flag]
Adopted 1970

OPEC website Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)
(Geneva, Switzerland 1960-65)

14 Sep 1960 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) founded.

Secretaries-general¹ 21 Jan 1961 - 30 Apr 1964 Fuad Rouhani (Iran) (b. 1907 - d. 2004) 1 May 1964 - 30 Apr 1965 Abdul Rahman al-Bazzaz (Iraq) (b. 1913 - d. 1973) 1 May 1965 - 31 Dec 1966 Ashraf T. Lutfi (Kuwait) (b. 1919 - d. 1974) 1 Jan 1967 - 31 Dec 1967 Muhammad Saleh Joukhdar (b. 1932) (Saudi Arabia) 1 Jan 1968 - 31 Dec 1968 Francisco R. Parra (Venezuela) (b. 1929) 1 Jan 1969 - 31 Dec 1969 Elrich Sanger (Indonesia) (b. 1927 - d. ....) 1 Jan 1970 - 31 Dec 1970 Omar el-Badri (Libya) (b. 1937) 1 Jan 1971 - 31 Dec 1972 Nadim Pachachi (b. 1914 - d. 1976) (United Arab Emirates) 1 Jan 1973 - 31 Dec 1974 Abderrahman Khène (Algeria) (b. 1931) 1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1976 Meshach Ototiki Feyide (Nigeria) (b. 1926 - d. 1997) 1 Jan 1977 - 31 Dec 1978 Ali M. Jaidah (Qatar) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 1979 - 30 Jun 1981 René Genaro Ortiz Durán(Ecuador) (b. 1941) 1 Jul 1981 - 30 Jun 1983 Marc Saturnin Nan Nguema (Gabon) (b. 1934 - d. 2012) 1 Jul 1983 - 19 Jul 1983 Fadhil Jafar al-Chalabi (Iraq) (b. 1929) (acting) 19 Jul 1983 - 31 Dec 1983 Mana Saeed Al Otaiba (acting) (b. 1946) (United Arab Emirates) 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Oct 1984 Kamal Hassan Maghur (Libya) (b. 1935 - d. 2002) (acting) 31 Oct 1984 - 9 Dec 1985 Subroto (Indonesia)(1st time) (b. 1928) (acting) 1 Jan 1986 - 30 Jun 1986 Arturo Hernández Grisanti (b. 1927 - d. 2008) (Venezuela)n(acting) 1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1988 Rilwanu Lukman (Nigeria)(1st time) (b. 1938 - d. 2014) (acting) 1 Jul 1988 - 30 Jun 1994 Subroto (Indonesia)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jul 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Abdalla Salem el-Badri (Libya) (b. 1940) (1st time) 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2000 Rilwanu Lukman (Nigeria)(2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 2001 - 30 Jun 2002 Alí Rodríguez Araque (Venezuela) (b. 1937) 1 Jul 2002 - 31 Dec 2003 Álvaro Silva Calderón (Venezuela) (b. 1929) 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Purnomo Yusgiantoro (Indonesia) (b. 1951) (acting) 1 Jan 2004 - Feb 2004 Iin Arifin Takhyan (Indonesia) (b. 1952) (acting for Yusgiantoro) Feb 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Maizar Rahman (Indonesia) (b. 1948) (acting for Yusgiantoro) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Sheikh Ahmad Fahad Al Ahmad (b. 1963) Al Sabah (Kuwait) (acting) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Adnan Shihab-Eldin (Kuwait) (b. 1943) (acting for Al Sabah) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Edmund Maduabebe Daukoru (Nigeria) (b. 1943) (acting) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (b. 1959) (acting for Daukoru) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Jul 2016 Abdalla Salem el-Badri (Libya) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Aug 2016 - Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (Nigeria) (s.a.)

OPEC membership (14)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

14 Sep 1960 Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela

15 Jan 1961 Qatar

4 Jun 1962 Indonesia², Libya

27 Nov 1967 Abu Dhabi³

8 Jul 1969 Algeria

12 Jul 1971 Nigeria

19 Nov 1973 Ecuador⁴

9 Jun 1975 Gabon⁵

1 Jan 2007 Angola

25 May 2017 Equatorial Guinea

¹21 Jan 1961-Apr 1965 the Chairmen of the Board of Governors were also, ex-officio, the Secretaries-general of the organization. The functions of Chairman of the Board of Governors and Secretary-general were separated Apr 1965.²Indonesia membership suspended at its own request1 Jan 2009 - 1 Jan 2016 and from 30 Nov 2016.³Abu Dhabi membership transferred to United Arab Emirates 9 Jan 1974. ⁴Ecuador membership suspended at its own request 31 Dec 1992 - 23 Oct 2007. ⁵Gabon membership terminated at its own request 1 Jan 1995 - 1 Jul 2016.

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

[Organisation for the
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons flag]

OPCW website

Headquarters: The Hague
(The Netherlands)

OPCW Day: 29 Apr (1997)
Remembrance Day

19 Jan 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) signed. 29 Apr 1997 Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), CWC treaty enters into force.

Directors-General 13 May 1997 - 22 Apr 2002 José MaurícioBustani (Brazil) (b. 1945) 22 Apr 2002 - 25 Jul 2002 John Gee (Australia)(acting) (b. 1944) 25 Jul 2002 - 25 Jul 2010 Rogelio Francisco Pfirter (b. 1948) Fernández (Argentina) 25 Jul 2010 - Ahmet Üzümcü (Turkey) (b. 1951)

OPCW membership (193)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

29 Apr 1997 Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahrain,Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe

11 Jun 1997 Turkey

20 Jun 1997 Singapore

28 Jun 1997 Kuwait

9 Jul 1997 Guinea

11 Jul 1997 Slovenia

20 Jul 1997 Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)

24 Jul 1997 Trinidad and Tobago

7 Aug 1997 Burkina Faso

8 Aug 1997 Ghana

27 Aug 1997 Brunei Darussalam

3 Oct 1997 Qatar

12 Oct 1997 Guyana

21 Nov 1997 Pakistan

28 Nov 1997 Jordan

3 Dec 1997 Iran

5 Dec 1997 Russia

18 Dec 1997 Nepal

2 Jan 1998 Venezuela

11 Mar 1998 Mauritania

15 May 1998 Lithuania

13 Jun 1998 Benin

18 Jun 1998 The Gambia

11 Jul 1998 Malawi

25 Jul 1998 Tanzania

19 Aug 1998 Senegal

13 Sep 1998 Bolivia

27 Sep 1998 Cyprus

30 Sep 1998 Botswana

4 Oct 1998 Burundi

30 Oct 1998 Vietnam

6 Nov 1998 Panama

15 Nov 1998 Ukraine

12 Dec 1998 Indonesia

11 Jun 1999 Holy See

19 Jun 1999 Nigeria

23 Jun 1999 The Sudan

25 Jun 1999 Estonia

21 Jul 1999 Micronesia

5 Dec 1999 Nicaragua

24 Dec 1999 Liechtenstein

9 Jan 2000 San Marino

15 Mar 2000 Eritrea

30 Mar 2000 Azerbaijan

22 Apr 2000 Kazakhstan

5 May 2000 Colombia

20 May 2000 Malaysia, Yugoslavia¹

14 Sep 2000 Mozambique

7 Oct 2000 Kiribati

8 Oct 2000 Gabon, Jamaica

1 Nov 2000 Yemen

28 Dec 2000 United Arab Emirates

11 Mar 2001 Zambia

14 Mar 2001 Dominica

12 Dec 2001 Nauru

20 Dec 2001 Uganda

18 Oct 2002 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

27 Oct 2002 Samoa

9 Jan 2003 Thailand

5 Mar 2003 Palau

14 Mar 2003 Guatemala

29 Mar 2003 Andorra

6 Jun 2003 Timor-Leste

28 Jun 2003 Tonga

9 Oct 2003 São Tomé and Príncipe

24 Oct 2003 Afghanistan

29 Oct 2003 Kyrgyzstan

9 Nov 2003 Cape Verde²

31 Dec 2003 Belize

5 Feb 2005 Libya

18 Feb 2004 Tuvalu

14 Mar 2004 Chad

30 Apr 2004 Rwanda

18 Jun 2004 Marshall Islands

20 Jun 2004 Saint Kitts and Nevis

23 Oct 2004 Solomon Islands

30 Oct 2004 Sierra Leone

19 Nov 2004 Madagascar

21 May 2005 Niue

3 Jul 2005 Grenada

18 Aug 2005 Cambodia

17 Sep 2005 Bhutan

28 Sep 2005 Antigua and Barbuda, Honduras

16 Oct 2005 Vanuatu

11 Nov 2005 Congo (Kinshasa)

24 Feb 2006 Djibouti

24 Mar 2006 Haiti

25 Mar 2006 Liberia

17 Sep 2006 Comoros

20 Oct 2006 Central African Republic

23 Oct 2006 Montenegro

6 Apr 2007 Barbados

3 Jan 2008 Congo (Brazzaville)

19 Jun 2008 Guinea-Bissau

20 Dec 2008 Lebanon

12 Feb 2009 Iraq

26 Apr 2009 Dominican Republic

21 May 2009 The Bahamas

28 Jun 2013 Somalia

14 Sep 2013 Syria

7 Aug 2015 Myanmar

16 Oct 2015 Angola

16 Jun 2016 Palestine

¹from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.
²from 2013 Cabo Verde.

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)


c.1991 - 1 Jan 1995


Adopted 1 Jan 1995

OSEC website

Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)

25 Jun 1973 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) 1 Aug 1975 Helsinki Final Act signed. 21 Nov 1990 Charter of Paris for a New Europe signed. 1 Jan 1995 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Secretaries-general 15 Jun 1993 - 15 Jun 1996 Wilhelm Höynck (Germany) (b. 1933) 15 Jun 1996 - 15 Jun 1999 Giancarlo Aragona (Italy) (b. 1942) 15 Jun 1999 - 21 Jun 2005 Ján Kubiš (Slovakia) (b. 1952) 21 Jun 2005 - 1 Jul 2011 Marc Perrin de Brichambaut (b. 1948) (France) 1 Jul 2011 - 30 Jun 2017 Lamberto Zannier (Italy) (b. 1954) 30 Jun 2017 - 18 Jul 2017 Vacant 18 Jul 2017 - Thomas Greminger (Switzerland) (b. 1961)

Chairmen-in-office Jun 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 Hans-Dietrich Genscher (Germany) (b. 1927 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 1992 - 2 Jul 1992 Jiří Dienstbier (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1937 - d. 2011) 2 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Jozef Moravčík (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1945) 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993 Margaretha af Ugglas (f) (Sweden) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 1994 - 11 May 1994 Beniamino Andreatta (Italy) (b. 1928 - d. 2007) 11 May 1994 - 31 Dec 1994 Antonio Martino (Italy) (b. 1942) 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995 László Kovács (Hungary) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996 Flavio Cotti (Switzerland) (b. 1939) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 Niels Helveg Petersen (Denmark) (b. 1939 - d. 2017) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 Bronisław Geremek (Poland) (b. 1932 - d. 2008) 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999 Knut Vollebaek (Norway) (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2000 - 4 Feb 2000 Wolfgang Schüssel (Austria) (b. 1945) 4 Feb 2000 - 31 Dec 2000 Benita Ferrero-Waldner (f) (b. 1948) (Austria) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Mircea Geoană (Romania) (b. 1958) 1 Jan 2002 - 6 Apr 2002 Jaime Gama (Portugal) (b. 1947) 6 Apr 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 António Martins da Cruz (Portugal) (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2003 - 3 Dec 2003 Jakob "Jaap" Gijsbert de Hoop (b. 1948) Scheffer (Netherlands) 3 Dec 2003 - 31 Dec 2003 Ben Bot (Netherlands) (b. 1937) 1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004 Solomon Passy (Bulgaria) (b. 1956) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 Dimitrij Rupel (Slovenia) (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 Karel De Gucht (Belgium) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 Miguel Ángel Moratinos (Spain) (b. 1951) 1 Jan 2008 - 4 Apr 2008 Ilkka Kanerva (Finland) (b. 1948) 4 Apr 2008 - 31 Dec 2008 Alexander Stubb (Finland) (b. 1968) 1 Jan 2009 - 7 Oct 2009 Theodóra "Ntóra" Bakogiánnis (f) (b. 1954) (Greece) 7 Oct 2009 - 31 Dec 2009 Geórgios Papandréou(Greece) (b. 1952) 1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010 Kanat Saudabayev (Kazakhstan) (b. 1946) 1 Jan 2011 - 31 Dec 2011 Audronius Ažubalis(Lithuania) (b. 1958) 1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012 Eamon Gilmore (Ireland) (b. 1955) 1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013 Leonid Kozhara (Ukraine) (b. 1963) 1 Jan 2014 - 31 Dec 2014 Didier Burkhalter (Switzerland) (b. 1960) 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Ivica Dačić (Serbia) (b. 1966) 1 Jan 2016 - 31 Dec 2016 Frank-Walter Steinmeier (Germany) (b. 1956) 1 Jan 2017 - 18 Dec 2017 Sebastian Kurz (Austria) (b. 1986) 18 Dec 2017 - 31 Dec 2017 Karin Kneissl (f) (Austria) (b. 1965) 1 Jan 2018 - Angelino Alfano (Italy) (b. 1970)

High Commissioners on National Minorities 1 Jan 1993 - 30 Jun 2001 Max van der Stoel (Netherlands) (b. 1924 - d. 2011) 1 Jul 2001 - 3 Jul 2007 Rolf Ekéus (Sweden) (b. 1935) 4 Jul 2007 - 19 Aug 2013 Knut Vollebaek (Norway) (s.a.)20 Aug 2013 - 19 Aug 2016 Astrid Thors (f) (Finland) (b. 1957) 19 Aug 2016 - 19 Jul 2017 Henrik Villadsen (Denmark)(acting) (b. 1963) 19 Jul 2017 - Lamberto Zannier (Italy) (s.a.)

Presidents of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly1992 - 1994 Ilkka Olavi Suominen (Finland) (b. 1939)1994 - 1996 Frank Swaelen (Belgium) (b. 1930 - d. 2007)1996 - 1998 Francisco Javier Rupérez Rubio (b. 1941) (Spain)1998 - 2000 Helle Degn (f)(Denmark) (b. 1946)2000 - 2002 Adrian Severin (Romania) (b. 1954)2002 - 2004 Bruce George (U.K.) (b. 1942)2004 - 2006 Alcee L. Hastings (U.S.) (b. 1936)Jul 2006 - Jul 2008 Göran Lennmarker (Sweden) (b. 1943)Jul 2008 - 10 Jul 2010 João Barroso Soares (Portugal) (b. 1949) 10 Jul 2010 - 9 Jul 2012 Pétros Efthymíou (Greece) (b. 1950) 9 Jul 2012 - 3 Jul 2013 Riccardo Migliori (Italy) (b. 1952) 3 Jul 2013 - 2 Jul 2014 Ranko Krivokapić (Montenegro) (b. 1961) 2 Jul 2014 - 5 Jul 2016 Ilkka Kanerva (Finland) (s.a.) 5 Jul 2016 - 9 Nov 2017 Christine Muttonen (f)(Austria) (b. 1954) 9 Nov 2017 - Giorgi Tsereteli (Georgia) (b. 1964)

OSEC membership (57)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

25 Jun 1973 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia¹, Denmark, Finland, France,East Germany²,West Germay²,Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino,Soviet Union³,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States,Yugoslavia⁴

19 Jun 1991 Albania

10 Sep 1991 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

30 Jan 1992 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

24 Mar 1992 Croatia, Georgia, Slovenia

30 Apr 1992 Bosnia and Hercegovina

1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia

12 Oct 1995 Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)

25 Apr 1996 Andorra

10 Nov 2000 Serbia and Montenegro⁴

22 Jun 2006 Montenegro

21 Nov 2012 Mongolia

¹Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992;from 1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic and Slovakia. ²East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.³Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991; succeeded by Russia.⁴Yugoslavia suspended 8 Jul 1992 - 10 Nov 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.

Pacific Community

1970 - 1971	1971 - 1975	1975 - 1978	1978 - 1980
1980 - 1983	1983 - 6 Dec 1999	6 Dec 1999 - 1 Jan 2005	Adopted 1 Jan 2005

Pacific Community website

Headquarters: Noumea
(New Caledonia)
(Sydney, Australia 1947-1949)

6 Feb 1947 South Pacific Commission (SPC) 6 Feb 1997 Pacific Community

Secretaries-general 1 Nov 1948 - 3 Jun 1951 William Forsyth (Australia) (b. 1909 - d. 1993) (1st time) 12 Nov 1951 - 12 Nov 1954 Sir Leslie Brian Freeston (U.K.) (b. 1892 - d. 1958) 1 Mar 1955 - 28 Feb 1958 Ralph Clairon Bedell (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 1991) 1 Mar 1958 - 2 Mar 1963 Thomas R. Smith (New Zealand) (b. 1904 - d. 1979) 24 Mar 1963 - 31 Dec 1966 William Forsyth (Australia) (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Jan 1967 - 11 Dec 1969 Sir Gawain Westray Bell (U.K.) (b. 1909 - d. 1995) 1 Jan 1970 - 18 Feb 1971 Afioga Afoafouvale Misimoa (b. 1900 - d. 1971) (Western Samoa) 18 Feb 1971 - 31 Oct 1971 John Edward de Young (U.S.)(acting)(b. 1917) 1 Nov 1971 - 30 Nov 1975 Gustav F.D. Betham (Western Samoa) (b. 1915 - d. 1984) 9 Dec 1975 - 30 Jun 1979 E. Macu Salato (Fiji) (b. 1915 - d. 1990) 1 Jul 1979 - 3 Jun 1982 Young Vivian (Niue) (b. 1935) 1 Jul 1982 - 30 Nov 1986 Francis Bugotu (Solomon Islands) (b. 1937 - d. 1992) 9 Dec 1986 - 31 Dec 1988 Palauni M. Tuiasosopo (b. c.1937) (American Samoa) 1 Jan 1989 - 15 Jun 1989 Jon Jonassen (Cook Islands) (b. 1949) (acting) 16 Jun 1989 - 5 Jan 1993 Atanraoi Baiteke (Kiribati) 6 Jan 1993 - 7 Jan 1996 Ati George Sokomanu (Vanuatu) (b. 1937) 8 Jan 1996 - 6 Feb 1997 Robert B. Dun (Australia) (b. 1930) Directors-general 6 Feb 1997 - 5 Jan 2000 Robert B. Dun (Australia) (s.a.) 6 Jan 2000 - 23 Jan 2006 Lourdes Pangelinan (f) (Guam) (b. 1954) 23 Jan 2006 - 23 Jan 2014 Jimmie Rodgers (Solomon Islands) 23 Jan 2014 - Colin Tukuitonga (Niue)

Pacific Community membership (26)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

6 Feb 1947 Australia, France, The Netherlands¹, New Zealand, United Kingdom², United States

17 Jul 1965 Western Samoa³

24 Jul 1969 Nauru

5 May 1971 Fiji

16 Sep 1975 Papua New Guinea

17 Nov 1978 Tuvalu

21 Nov 1978 Solomon Islands

13 Oct 1980 Niue

14 Oct 1980 Cook Islands

3 Oct 1983 American Samoa, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna

¹Netherlands withdrew 31 Dec 1962.²U.K. withdrew 1 Jan 1996, rejoined Jan 1998, withdrew again 1 Jan 2005.³from 1997 Samoa.

Pacific Islands Forum


Current Flag


Flag Variant

PIF website

Headquarters: Suva
(Fiji)

5 Aug 1971 South Pacific Forum (SPF) 27 Oct 2000 Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).

Directors of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Cooperation Nov 1972 - 1980 Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 2007) 1980 - 12 Mar 1982 Gabriel Gris (Papua New Guinea) (b. 1941 - d. 1982) 1982 - Jan 1983 John Charles Sheppard (Australia) (b. 1952) (acting) Jan 1983 - 1 Jan 1986 Mahe Tupouniua (Tonga) (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1986 - Sep 1988 Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu) (b. 1928 - d. 2004) Secretaries-general Sep 1988 - 1 Jan 1992 Henry Faati Naisali (Tuvalu) (s.a.) 1 Jan 1992 - Jan 1998 Ieremia T. Tabai (Kiribati) (b. 1950) Feb 1998 - 16 May 2004 W. Noel Levi (Papua New Guinea) (b. 1942) 16 May 2004 - 2 May 2008 Greg Urwin (Australia) (b. 1946 - d. 2008) 2 May 2008 - 13 Oct 2008 Feleti Penitala Teo(Tuvalu) (b. 1962) (acting)13 Oct 2008 - 4 Dec 2014 Tuiloma Neroni Slade (Samoa) (b. 1941) 4 Dec 2014 - Dame Meg Taylor (f) (b. 1951) (Papua New Guinea)

Pacific Islands Forum membership (18)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

5 Aug 1971 Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji¹, Nauru, New Zealand, Tonga,
Western Samoa²

20 Mar 1974 Papua New Guinea

1 Jul 1975 Niue

29 Aug 1979 Kiribati

16 Sep 1980 Solomon Islands, Tuvalu

14 Jul 1980 Vanuatu

29 May 1987 Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia

3 Sep 1995 Palau

10 Sep 2016 French Polynesia³, New Caledonia³

¹Fiji suspended 2 May 2009 - 22 Oct 2014.²from 1997 Samoa.³French Polynesia andNew Caledonia formerly associate members 26 Oct 2006 - 11 Sep 2016

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of PIF

6 Aug 2014 Tokelau

Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean

[Parliamentary Assembly of the
Mediterranean]

PAM website

Headquarters: Saint Julians
(Malta)

PAM Day: 21 March
Mediterranean Day

11 Sep 2006 Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean formed.2008 Secretariat established. Secretary-general 1 Jul 2007 - Sergio Piazzi (Italy) (b. 1957?) (acting to Jan 2008) Presidents of the Assembly11 Sep 2006 - 15 Nov 2008 Abdelwahed Radi (Morroco)(1st time)(b. 1935)15 Nov 2008 - 1 Jan 2011 Rudy Salles (France) (b. 1954) 1 Jan 2011 - 4 Mar 2011 Mohamed Abou El Enein (Egypt) (b. 1951) 4 Mar 2011 - 29 Oct 2011 Abdelwahed Radi (Morroco)(2nd time)(s.a.) 29 Oct 2011 - 13 Oct 2012 Fayez al-Tarawneh (Jordan) (b. 1949) 13 Oct 2012 - 2 Feb 2015 Francesco Amoruso (Italy) (b. 1956) 2 Feb 2015 - 18 Dec 2015 Mohamed Cheikh Biadillah (Morocco) (b. 1949) 18 Dec 2015 - 23 Feb 2017 Lhou Lmarbouh (Morocco) (b. 1954) 23 Feb 2017 - António Pedro Roque da Visitação (b. 1963) Oliveira (Portugal) PAM membership (29)

Date of Admission	Member Parliaments
`11 Sep 2006`	`Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya,` `Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Palestine, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey`
`28 Oct 2010`	`Andorra`
`2012`	`Mauritania`
`23 Feb 2017`	`Romania¹`
`15 Feb 2018`	`San Marino`
`¹associate member 25 Sep 2008 - 23 Feb 2017`

Date of Admission	Associate Members
`2 Feb 2015`	`Sovereign Military Order of Malta`

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

[Permanent Court of
Arbitration (PCA) flag]

PCA website

Headquarters: The Hague
(The Netherlands)

29 Jul 1899 Permanent Court of Arbitration(PCA)(Cour Permanente d'Arbitrage) founded by the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (Hague Convention)(effective 4 Sep 1900). 18 Oct 1907 Convention revised by (second) Hague Peace Conference (effective 26 Jan 1910). Secretaries-general (all from The Netherlands, except as noted) 4 Sep 1900 - 1 Aug 1901 Baron Robert Melvil van Lynden (b. 1843 - d. 1910) 1901 - 1905 Leonard HenriRuyssenaers (b. 1850 - d. 1913) 1 Oct 1905 - 4 Feb 1929 Baron Louis Paul Marie Hubert (b. 1855 - d. 1929) Michiels van Verduynen 1929 - 17 Nov 1946 Claude Crommelin (b. 1873 - d. 1946) 1 Jan 1948 - 26 Mar 1951 Jonkheer Aarnout Marinus Snouck (b. 1882 - d. 1951) Hurgronje 1 Jun 1951 - 4 Feb 1953 Alexander Loudon (b. 1892 - d. 1953)1954 - 1968 Mark Johan François (b. 1889 - d. 1978) 1968 - 1980 Baron Eric Oswald van Boetzelaer (b. 1903 - d. 1991) 1981 - 1990 Jacob Varekamp (b. 1916 - d. 2003) 1990 - 1999 Pieter Jan Hans Jonkman (b. 1925 - d. 2012) 25 May 1999 - 1 Sep 2008 Tjaco Theo van den Hout (b. 1949) 1 Sep 2008 - 31 Dec 2011 Christiaan M.J.Kröner (b. 1945) 1 Jan 2012 - 31 May 2012 Brooks W. Daly (U.S.) (acting) 1 Jun 2012 - Hugo Hans Siblesz (b. 1948)
PCA membership (121)

Date of Admission	Member Nations (being signatory to Hague Conventions of 1899 or 1907)
`4 Sep 1900`	`Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany¹, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Persia², Portugal, Romania, Russia³, Siam⁴, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States`
`6 Oct 1900`	`Japan`
`16 Oct 1900`	`Montenegro⁵`
`29 Dec 1900`	`Switzerland`
`4 Apr 1901`	`Greece`
`17 Apr 1901`	`Mexico`
`11 May 1901`	`Serbia⁶`
`12 Jul 1901`	`Luxembourg`
`17 Mar 1903`	`Korea⁷`
`21 Nov 1904`	`China⁸`
`12 Jun 1907`	`Turkey⁹`
`15 Jun 1907`	`Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela`
`17 Jun 1907`	`Uruguay`
`20 Jun 1907`	`El Salvador`
`3 Jul 1907`	`Ecuador`
`26 May 1922`	`Poland`
`9 Jun 1922`	`Finland`
`11 Apr 1929`	`Czechoslovakia¹⁰`
`29 Jul 1950`	`India`
`5 Aug 1950`	`Pakistan`
`9 Feb 1955`	`Ceylon¹¹`
`7 Mar 1955`	`Soviet Union³`
`18 Jul 1955`	`Laos`
`8 Dec 1955`	`Iceland`
`4 Jan 1956`	`Cambodia`
`10 Feb 1959`	`New Zealand`
`1 Apr 1960`	`Australia`
`19 Aug 1960`	`Canada`
`25 Mar 1961`	`Congo (Kinshasa)¹²`
`1 Aug 1960`	`Cameroon`
`30 Aug 1961`	`Upper Volta¹³`
`1 Dec 1961`	`Honduras`
`4 Apr 1962`	`Ukrainian S.S.R.¹⁴`
`4 Jun 1962`	`Byelorussian S.S.R.¹⁵`
`17 Jun 1962`	`Israel`
`30 Apr 1966`	`Uganda`
`2 Dec 1966`	`The Sudan`
`14 Feb 1968`	`Lebanon`
`7 Sep 1968`	`Malta`
`4 Nov 1968`	`Egypt`
`3 Aug 1970`	`Mauritius`
`31 Aug 1970`	`Iraq`
`25 Dec 1970`	`Swaziland`
`2 Apr 1973`	`Fiji`
`1 Aug 1977`	`Senegal`
`19 Sep 1984`	`Zimbabwe`
`16 Feb 1987`	`Nigeria`
`8 Oct 1991`	`Croatia`
`27 Jan 1992`	`Jordan`
`4 Jun 1992`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`27 Dec 1992`	`Suriname`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia`
`11 Sep 1993`	`Singapore`
`12 Nov 1993`	`Cyprus`
`23 Sep 1994`	`Liechtenstein`
`2 Sep 1996`	`Libya`
`1 Oct 1996`	`Slovenia`
`4 Oct 1997`	`Eritrea`
`25 Jan 1998`	`Guyana`
`21 Dec 1998`	`South Africa`
`20 Jul 1999`	`Costa Rica`
`31 Dec 1999`	`Zambia`
`21 Feb 2000`	`South Korea`
`17 Feb 2001`	`Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`4 Jun 2001`	`Morocco`
`12 Aug 2001`	`Latvia`
`4 Sep 2001`	`Yugoslavia`
`20 Jan 2002`	`Saudi Arabia`
`6 May 2002`	`Malaysia`
`6 Jul 2002`	`Ireland`
`21 Jan 2003`	`Belize`
`1 Sep 2003`	`Estonia`
`14 Sep 2003`	`Kuwait`
`28 Sep 2003`	`Ethiopia`
`17 Dec 2004`	`Togo`
`9 Jan 2005`	`Lithuania`
`16 Sep 2005`	`Benin`
`2 Dec 2005`	`Qatar`
`5 Jun 2006`	`Serbia⁶`
`11 Jun 2006`	`Kenya`
`10 Apr 2007`	`Montenegro⁵`
`29 Aug 2008`	`Bahrain`
`5 Jan 2009`	`United Arab Emirates`
`7 Oct 2009`	`Madagascar`
`17 Jul 2010`	`Philippines`
`19 Apr 2011`	`Rwanda`
`27 Dec 2011`	`Albania`
`29 Dec 2011`	`Vietnam`
`26 Feb 2012`	`Bangladesh`
`20 Oct 2014`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`22 Mar 2015`	`Georgia`
`29 Dec 2015`	`Palestine`
`5 Jan 2016`	`Kosovo`
`17 Apr 2016`	`Djibouti`
`13 Jun 2016`	`The Bahamas`
`¹from 7 Sep 1949 Federal Republic of Germany.²from 1935 Iran.³from 30 Dec 1922 Soviet Union, which acceded to the Conventions 7 Mar 1955; dissolved 25 Dec 1991 succeeded by Russian Federation.⁴from 1939 Thailand.⁵Montenegro acceded to the Geneva Convention 16 Oct 1900; part of Yugoslavia from 1 Dec 1918; renamed Serbia and Montenegro from 4 Feb 2003 which dissolved 3 Jun 2006; Montenegro re-acceded to the Conventions on 10 Apr 2007.⁶Serbia from 1 Dec 1918 part of Serb, Croat and Slovene State; from 3 Oct 1929 Yugoslavia; from 4 Sep 2001 as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.` `⁷Korea annexed by Japan29 Aug 1910 - 12 Sep 1945.⁸Chinarepresented by` `Republic 1 Jan 1912 - 6 Apr 1972, when the PCA recognized the People's Republic of Chinaas the representative of China.⁹Ottoman Empire to 1920.¹⁰Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.¹¹from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹²to 1966 Congo (Léopoldville), 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹³from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹⁴from 1991 Ukraine.¹⁵from 1991 Belarus.`

Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ): see International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA): see COMESA

Red Cross and Red Crescent

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Red Cross Adopted 5 May 1919

Red Crescent Adopted 27 Jul 1929

Red Crystal Adopted 14 Jan 2007

IFRCS website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)(Paris, France
1919-1939)

IFRCS Day: 8 May (1828)
World Red Cross Red
and Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)

5 May 1919 League of Red Cross Societies (LORCS) founded. 27 Jul 1929 Red Crescent adopted as an additional emblem. 11 Oct 1983 League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS). 27 Nov 1991 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS). 22 Jun 2006 Red Crystal approved as an additional emblem.

Chairmen 1919 - 1922 Henry P. Davison (U.S.) (b. 1867 - d. 1922) 1922 - 1935 John Barton Payne (U.S.) (b. 1855 - d. 1935) 1935 - 1938 Cary T. Grayson (U.S.) (b. 1878 - d. 1938) 1938 - 1944 Norman Davis (U.S.) (b. 1878 - d. 1944) 1944 - 1945 Jean de Muralt (Switzerland) (b. 1877 - d. 1947) (Johannes von Muralt)(acting) 1945 - 1950 Basil O'Connor (U.S.) (b. 1892 - d. 1972) 1950 - 1959 Emil Sandström (Sweden) (b. 1886 - d. 1962) 1959 - 1965 John MacAulay (Canada) (b. 1895 - d. 1978) 1965 - 1977 José Barroso Chávez(Mexico) (b. 1925 - d. 2008) Presidents 1977 - 1981 Adetunji Adefarasin (Nigeria) (b. 1921 - d. 1989) 1981 - 1987 Enrique de la Mata (Spain) (b. 1933 - d. 1987) 1987 - 1997 Mario Enrique Villarroel Lander (b. 1947) (Venezuela) Nov 1997 - 10 Nov 2001 Astrid N. Heiberg (f) (Norway) (b. 1936) 10 Nov 2001 - 21 Nov 2009 Juan Manuel Suárez del Toro Rivero (b. 1952) (Spain) 21 Nov 2009 - Nov 2017 Tadateru Konoé (Japan) (b. 1939) Nov 2017 - Francesco Rocca (Italy) (b. 1965)

Secretaries-generalJul 1919 - 1920 William E. Rappard (Switzerland) (b. 1883 - d. 1958) 1921 - 1926 René Sand (Belgium) (b. 1877 - d. 1953) 1927 - 1930 Tracey B. Kittredge (U.S.) (b. 1891 - d. 1957) 1931 Ernest P. Bicknell (U.S.) (b. 1862 - d. 1935)1931 - Jan 1932 Gordon Lookwood Berry (U.S.) (b. 1884 - d. 1932)1932 - 1936 Ernest J. Swift (U.S.) (b. 1883 - d. 1941) 1936 - 1957 Bonabès de Rougé (France) (b. 1891 - d. 1975) 1958 - 1960 Henry Weyman Dunning (U.S.) (b. 1895 - d. 1977) 1960 - 1981 Henrik Beer (Sweden) (b. 1915 - d. 1987) 1982 - 1987 Hans Hoegh (Norway) (b. 1926 - d. 2010) 1988 - 1992 Pär Stenbäck (Finland) (b. 1941) 1993 - 1999 George B. Weber (Canada) (b. 1946) 2000 - 2003 Didier J. Cherpitel (France) (b. 1944) 2003 - 2008 Markku Niskala (Finland) (b. 1945) 1 Jul 2008 - 2014 Bekele Geleta (Ethiopia) (b. 1944) 1 Aug 2014 - Elhadj As Sy (Senegal)

IFRCS membership (191)

Date of Admission	Member National Societies
`5 May 1919`	`France, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States`
`27 May 1919`	`Belgium, Norway¹`
`28 May 1919`	`Portugal`
`17 Jun 1919`	`Brazil`
`19 Jun 1919`	`Australia, Peru`
`20 Jun 1919`	`Canada`
`23 Jun 1919`	`Argentina`
`24 Jun 1919`	`South Africa`
`26 Jun 1919`	`Greece,` `Sweden²`
`11 Jul 1919`	`New Zealand`
`12 Jul 1919`	`Denmark³`
`14 Jul 1919`	`Romania`
`15 Jul 1919`	`Venezuela`
`17 Jul 1919`	`Cuba`
`27 Jul 1919`	`China⁴`
`7 Aug 1919`	`India`
`15 Aug 1919`	`The Netherlands`
`22 Aug 1919`	`Serbia⁵, Spain`
`16 Sep 1919`	`Poland`
`2 Nov 1919`	`Switzerland`
`11 Jan 1920`	`Czechoslovakia⁶`
`17 Jan 1920`	`Uruguay`
`1 Feb 1920`	`Chile`
`8 Apr 1921`	`Siam⁷`
`20 Apr 1921`	`Austria`
`8 Jun 1921`	`Finland`
`14 Jun 1921`	`Hungary`
`20 Jul 1921`	`Bulgaria`
`29 Oct 1921`	`Luxembourg`
`23 Mar 1922`	`Paraguay`
`29 Mar 1922`	`Colombia`
`5 Apr 1922`	`Costa Rica`
`15 Jul 1922`	`Germany⁸`
`25 May 1923`	`Bolivia, Danzig⁹, Ecuador`
`2 Aug 1923`	`Albania`
`15 Aug 1923`	`Guatemala`
`5 Oct 1923`	`Mexico`
`7 Jan 1924`	`Netherlands East Indies¹⁰`
`13 Feb 1925`	`Panama`
`30 May 1925`	`Iceland`
`24 Jun 1925`	`El Salvador`
`21 Jan 1929`	`Persia¹¹`
`23 Jun 1929`	`Egypt`
`7 Apr 1930`	`Turkey`
`19 Jan 1931`	`Dominican Republic`
`23 Jun 1934`	`Iraq`
`17 Oct 1934`	`Nicaragua`
`19 Oct 1934`	`Soviet Union¹²`
`3 May 1937`	`Haiti`
`24 Nov 1945`	`Ireland`
`27 Nov 1945`	`Honduras`
`5 Dec 1945`	`Liechtenstein`
`23 May 1946`	`Burma¹³`
`18 Aug 1948`	`Lebanon, Monaco, Pakistan, Philippines, Syria¹⁴`
`16 Oct 1950`	`Ethiopia, Indonesia, Jordan`
`25 Jul 1952`	`Ceylon¹⁵, San Marino, West Germany¹⁶`
`26 Oct 1957`	`Afghanistan, East Germany¹⁶, Laos, North Korea, South Korea, South Vietnam¹⁷, Tunisia`
`4 Nov 1957`	`North Vietnam¹⁷, The Sudan`
`26 Sep 1959`	`Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Mongolia,Morocco`
`2 Oct 1961`	`Cambodia, Nigeria, Togo`
`28 Aug 1963`	`Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa)¹⁸, Dahomey¹⁹, Ivory Coast²⁰, Madagascar²¹, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanganyika²², Trinidad and Tobago, Upper Volta²³`
`28 Sep 1965`	`Jamaica, Nepal, Niger, Uganda`
`5 Sep 1967`	`Kenya, Zambia`
`1 Sep 1969`	`Guyana, Kuwait, Mali, Somalia`
`12 Oct 1971`	`Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi`
`2 Nov 1973`	`Bahrain, Bangladesh, Fiji, Mauritania, Singapore`
`29 Oct 1975`	`Central African Republic, The Gambia`
`7 Oct 1977`	`The Bahamas, Congo (Brazzaville), Mauritius, Papua New Guinea`
`4 Oct 1979`	`Swaziland`
`2 Nov 1981`	`Qatar, Tonga`
`8 Oct 1983`	`Rwanda, Yemen (Sana)²⁴, Zimbabwe`
`20 Oct 1985`	`Barbados,` `Belize,Cape Verde²⁵, São Tomé and Príncipe, Western Samoa²⁶Yemen (Aden)²⁴`
`18 Oct 1986`	`Angola, Djibouti, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Saint Lucia, Suriname, United Arab Emirates`
`23 Nov 1987`	`Grenada`
`21 Oct 1989`	`Chad, Dominica, Mozambique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`25 Nov 1991`	`Latvia²⁷, Lithuania²⁸, Solomon Islands`
`25 Oct 1993`	`Antigua and Barbuda, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia²⁹, Malta, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Vanuatu`
`27 Nov 1995`	`Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Equatorial Guinea, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan`
`20 Nov 1997`	`Brunei Darussalam, Georgia, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Palau, Tajikistan`
`23 Oct 1999`	`Gabon`
`7 Nov 2001`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina, Moldova`
`28 Nov 2003`	`Cook Islands, Kazakhstan, Federated States of Micronesia`
`11 Nov 2005`	`Comoros, Timor-Leste`
`22 Jun 2006`	`Israel, Palestinian Territory`
`20 Nov 2007`	`Montenegro³⁰`
`23 Nov 2011`	`Maldives`
`12 Nov 2013`	`Cyprus, South Sudan`
`4 Dec 2015`	`Tuvalu`
`15 Mar 2018`	`Marshall Islands³¹`
`¹Norway withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1 Jan 1930.²Sweden withdrew 7 May 1927, rejoined 1930.` `³Denmark withdrew May 1927, rejoined 1930.⁴from Oct 1950 the national Red Cross Society of People's Republic of China was a participant of the Federation's Board of Governors meetings and therefore accepted by the Federation as the Chinese Red Cross (the Chinese Red Cross was partly disbanded 1966-1978);in 1952 at 28th International Conference of the Red Cross, the Standing Commission of the Red Cross invited the People's Republic of China to attend as a delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China [Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer.Formosa (Taiwan) was invited as an observer at 1957 and 1965, Taiwan has not been invited since 13 Sep 1969.` `⁵Serbia part of Yugoslaviafrom` `1 Dec 1918;` `from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro, dissolved 5 Jun 2006, succeeded by Serbia.⁶Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.` `⁷from 1941 Thailand.` `⁸IFRCS recognition of Germany revoked 1945.⁹Danzig annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945, then annexed to Poland.¹⁰from 1949 independent as Indonesia, which joined 16 Oct 1950.¹¹from 1935 Iran.¹²Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia; succession formally recognized 5 Oct 1992.¹³from 1989 Myanmar.¹⁴Syrian Red Crescent was recognized by IFRCS as part of United Arab Republic Red Crescent on 29 Sep 1959, but was readmitted on 29 Sep 1962.¹⁵from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹⁶East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany, the separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991.¹⁷South Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹⁸Congo` `(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁹from 1975 Benin.²⁰from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.²¹to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.` `²²from 26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.²³from 1984 Burkina Faso.²⁴Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen, the separate national societies united 18 Jul 1990.²⁵from 2013 Cabo Verde.²⁶from 1997 Samoa.²⁷Latvian Red Cross originally admitted 10 Jan 1923.²⁸Lithuanian Red Cross originally admitted 12 Jan 1924.²⁹Estonian Red Cross originally admitted 25 Feb 1922.³⁰Montenegro provisional member 26 Oct 2006 - 20 Nov 2007.³¹Marshall Islands a provisional.`

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

Adopted 22 Aug 1864

ICRC Flag Adopted c.1975

ICRC website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

ICRC Day: 8 May (1828)
World Red Cross Red
Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)

9 Feb 1863 International Committee for Relief to the Wounded founded, the birth of the International Red Cross Movement, by Jean Henri Dunant (b. 1828 - d. 1910). 22 Aug 1864 First Geneva Convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field" signed. 20 Dec 1875 Renamed International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

Presidents (all from Switzerland) 9 Feb 1863 - 31 Mar 1864 Guillaume Henri Dufour (b. 1787 - d. 1875) 31 Mar 1864 - 21 Aug 1910 Gustave Moynier (b. 1826 - d. 1910) 26 Aug 1910 - 31 Mar 1928 Gustave Ador (b. 1845 - d. 1928) 1917 - 1920 Édouard Naville (b. 1844 - d. 1926) (acting for Ador) 12 May 1928 - 31 Dec 1944 Max Huber (b. 1874 - d. 1960) 1 Jan 1945 - May 1948 Carl Burckhardt (b. 1891 - d. 1974) (absent 24 Feb 1945 - Apr 1948) 24 Feb 1945 - Feb 1947 Max Huber (s.a.) (acting for Burckhardt) Feb 1947 - May 1948 Ernest Gloor (b. 1893 - d. 1964) + Martin Bodmer (b. 1899 - d. 1971) (acting for Burckhardt) 12 May 1948 - 31 Aug 1955 Paul Ruegger (b. 1897 - d. 1988) 1 Sep 1955 - 30 Sep 1964 Léopold Boissier (b. 1893 - d. 1968) 1 Oct 1964 - Jan 1969 Samuel Gonard (b. 1896 - d. 1975) 9 Jan 1969 - 31 May 1973 Marcel Naville (b. 1919 - d. 2003) 1 Jun 1973 - 30 Jun 1976 Eric Martin (b. 1900 - d. 1980) 1 Jul 1976 - 6 May 1987 Alexandre Hay (b. 1919 - d. 1991) 7 May 1987 - 31 Dec 1999 Cornelio Sommaruga (b. 1932) 1 Jan 2000 - 30 Jun 2012 Jakob Kellenberger (b. 1944) 1 Jul 2012 - Peter Maurer (b. 1956)

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)


Adopted 1982

ICRM website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

ICRC Day: 8 May (1828)
World Red Cross Red
Crescent Day
(Red Cross Day to 1984)

9 Feb 1863 International Committee for Relief to the Wounded founded, birth of the International Red Cross Movement (ICRM).22 Aug 1864 First Geneva Convention signed. 26 Oct 1928 International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) formally established with the adoption of "Statutes of the International Red Cross"

Chairmen of the Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent1928 - 1934 Pierre Nolf (Belgium) (b. 1873 - d. 1953) 1934 - 1938 Prince Iyesato Tokugawa (Japan) (b. 1863 - d. 1940) 1938 - 1946 Sir Arthur Stanley (U.K.) (b. 1869 - d. 1947) 1946 - 1948 Count Folke Bernadotte (Sweden) (b. 1894 - d. 1948) 1948 - 1965 André François-Poncet (France) (b. 1887 - d. 1978) 1965 - 1973 Angela Olivia Pery, Countess of (b. 1897 - d. 1981) Limerick (f) (U.K.) 1973 - 1977 Sir Geoffrey Newman-Morris (b. 1909 - d. 1981) (Australia) 1977 - 1981 Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh (U.K.) (b. 1909 - d. 1994) 1981 - 1993 Ahmed Abu-Goura (Jordan) 1993 - 1995 Botho Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein- (b. 1927 - d. 2008) Hohenstein (Germany) 1995 - 2003 Princess Margriet van Oranje- (b. 1943) Nassau(f) (The Netherlands) 5 Dec 2003 - 26 Nov 2009 Mohammed Al-Hadid (Jordan) (b. 1951) 26 Nov 2009 - 28 Nov 2011 Massimo Barra (Italy) (b. 1947) 28 Nov 2011 - 8 Dec 2015 Greg Vickery (Australia) (b. 1946) 8 Dec 2015 - 31 Aug 2017 Eva von Oelreich (f) (Sweden) (b. 1944) 1 Sep 2017 - George B. Weber (Canada) (b. 1946)

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) membership (191)

Date of ICRC Recognition	National Societies
`16 Dec 1863`	`Württemberg¹`
`2 Jan 1864`	`Oldenburg¹`
`4 Feb 1864`	`Belgium`
`6 Feb 1864`	`Prussia¹`
`15 Jun 1864`	`Italy`
`24 Jun 1864`	`Mecklenburg-Schwerin¹`
`18 Oct 1864`	`Hamburg¹`
`19 Dec 1864`	`Hesse-Darmstadt¹`
`13 Apr 1865`	`Sweden`
`22 Sep 1865`	`Norway`
`7 Jun 1866`	`Saxony¹`
`29 Jun 1866`	`Baden¹`
`22 Aug 1866`	`Switzerland`
`15 May 1867`	`Russia`
`5 Jan 1868`	`Bavaria¹`
`8 Aug 1868`	`Turkey`
`21 Sep 1868`	`The Netherlands`
`4 Aug 1870`	`United Kingdom`
`1 Jan 1871`	`Germany¹`
`10 Feb 1876`	`Montenegro²`
`27 Apr 1876`	`Denmark`
`14 Jun 1876`	`Serbia`
`23 Aug 1876`	`Romania`
`6 Oct 1877`	`Greece`
`14 Mar 1880`	`Austria`
`8 May 1880`	`Peru`
`10 Jan 1882`	`Argentina`
`20 Jan 1882`	`Hungary`
`20 Sep 1882`	`United States`
`20 Oct 1885`	`Bulgaria`
`13 Jul 1887`	`Portugal`
`2 Sep 1887`	`Japan`
`14 Jun 1889`	`Congo Free State³`
`6 Jun 1893`	`Spain`
`7 Apr 1896`	`Venezuela`
`15 Jun 1900`	`Uruguay`
`25 Jun 1900`	`Transvaal⁴`
`23 Oct 1905`	`Korea⁵`
`1 Mar 1907`	`France`
`30 Apr 1909`	`Chile`
`7 Sep 1909`	`Cuba`
`3 Jan 1912`	`Mexico`
`15 Jan 1912`	`China⁶`
`16 Mar 1912`	`Brazil`
`14 Oct 1914`	`Luxembourg`
`14 Jul 1919`	`Poland`
`1 Dec 1919`	`Czechoslovakia⁷`
`24 May 1920`	`Finland`
`27 May 1920`	`Siam⁸`
`15 Oct 1921`	`Soviet Union⁹`
`16 Mar 1922`	`Costa Rica`
`22 Mar 1922`	`Paraguay`
`23 Mar 1922`	`Colombia`
`10 Oct 1922`	`Danzig¹⁰`
`10 Jan 1923`	`Bolivia`
`10 Apr 1923`	`Ecuador`
`2 Aug 1923`	`Albania`
`15 Aug 1923`	`Guatemala`
`1 Feb 1924`	`Egypt`
`20 Apr 1924`	`Panama`
`30 May 1924`	`Persia¹¹`
`9 Apr 1925`	`Iceland`
`25 Apr 1925`	`El Salvador`
`15 Nov 1927`	`Canada`
`16 Nov 1927`	`Dominican Republic`
`17 Nov 1927`	`Australia`
`10 May 1928`	`South Africa¹²`
`28 Feb 1929`	`India`
`16 Jun 1932`	`New Zealand`
`16 Jun 1934`	`Iraq`
`15 Sep 1934`	`Nicaragua`
`19 Sep 1935`	`Haiti`
`26 Sep 1935`	`Ethiopia`
`5 Aug 1938`	`Honduras`
`20 Apr 1939`	`Burma¹³`
`2 Nov 1939`	`Ireland`
`22 Jun 1945`	`Liechtenstein`
`12 Oct 1946`	`Syria¹⁴`
`30 Jan 1947`	`Lebanon`
`5 May 1947`	`Philippines`
`20 Mar 1948`	`Monaco`
`21 Jul 1948`	`Pakistan`
`9 Dec 1948`	`Transjordan¹⁵`
`15 Jun 1950`	`Indonesia`
`19 Oct 1950`	`San Marino`
`6 Mar 1952`	`Ceylon¹⁶`
`26 Jun 1952`	`West Germany¹⁷`
`2 Sep 1954`	`Afghanistan`
`6 Nov 1954`	`East Germany¹⁷`
`26 May 1955`	`South Korea`
`2 Feb 1956`	`North Korea`
`23 May 1957`	`Laos, South Vietnam¹⁸`
`12 Sep 1957`	`Tunisia`
`1 Nov 1957`	`North Vietnam¹⁸, The Sudan`
`7 Aug 1958`	`Morocco`
`9 Sep 1958`	`Libya`
`5 Feb 1959`	`Ghana, Liberia`
`15 Sep 1959`	`Mongolia`
`6 Oct 1960`	`Cambodia`
`4 May 1961`	`Nigeria`
`7 Sep 1961`	`Togo`
`1 Nov 1962`	`Sierra Leone, Upper Volta¹⁹`
`4 Jul 1963`	`Algeria, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa)²⁰, Malaysia`
`8 Aug 1963`	`Ivory Coast²¹, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Tanganyika²², Trinidad and Tobago`
`22 Aug 1963`	`Burundi, Dahomey²³`
`26 Aug 1963`	`Madagascar²⁴`
`1 Oct 1964`	`Jamaica, Nepal`
`2 Sep 1965`	`Uganda`
`2 Dec 1965`	`Niger`
`3 Nov 1966`	`Kenya`
`8 Dec 1966`	`Zambia`
`14 Sep 1967`	`Mali`
`6 Jun 1968`	`Kuwait`
`8 Aug 1968`	`Guyana`
`3 Jul 1969`	`Somalia`
`5 Feb 1970`	`Botswana`
`23 Jul 1970`	`Malawi`
`7 Sep 1971`	`Lesotho`
`14 Sep 1972`	`Bahrain`
`6 Jun 1973`	`Mauritania`
`20 Sep 1973`	`Bangladesh, Fiji, Singapore`
`24 Oct 1973`	`Central African Republic`
`10 Oct 1974`	`The Gambia`
`16 Dec 1976`	`The Bahamas, Congo (Brazzaville)`
`15 Sep 1977`	`Mauritius, Papua New Guinea`
`4 Apr 1979`	`Swaziland`
`15 Oct 1981`	`Tonga`
`26 Oct 1981`	`Qatar`
`22 Apr 1982`	`Yemen (Sana)²⁵`
`6 Oct 1982`	`Rwanda`
`7 Sep 1983`	`Zimbabwe`
`15 Mar 1984`	`Belize`
`30 Aug 1984`	`Barbados, Western Samoa²⁶,` `Yemen (Aden)²⁵`
`14 Mar 1985`	`Cape Verde²⁷`
`3 Oct 1985`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`27 Aug 1986`	`Guinea-Bissau, United Arab Emirates`
`1 Oct 1986`	`Angola, Guinea, Saint Lucia, Suriname`
`15 Oct 1986`	`Djibouti`
`12 Mar 1987`	`Grenada`
`15 Apr 1988`	`Chad`
`29 Sep 1988`	`Mozambique`
`15 Mar 1989`	`Dominica`
`4 Oct 1989`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines`
`3 Oct 1991`	`Solomon Islands`
`7 Nov 1991`	`Lithuania²⁸`
`20 Nov 1991`	`Latvia²⁹`
`3 Jun 1992`	`Seychelles`
`27 Aug 1992`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`4 Nov 1992`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`3 Jun 1993`	`Seychelles`
`31 Mar 1993`	`Estonia³⁰, Namibia`
`25 Aug 1993`	`Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia`
`29 Sep 1993`	`Ukraine, Vanuatu`
`21 Oct 1993`	`Malta`
`24 Mar 1994`	`Andorra`
`28 Sep 1994`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`24 Aug 1995`	`Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan`
`1 Nov 1995`	`Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`6 Nov 1996`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`19 Mar 1997`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`30 Sep 1997`	`Kiribati, Palau`
`6 Nov 1997`	`Georgia, Tajikistan`
`19 Aug 1999`	`Gabon`
`8 May 2001`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`24 Oct 2001`	`Moldova`
`12 Dec 2002`	`Cook Islands`
`20 Nov 2003`	`Kazakhstan, Federated States of Micronesia`
`22 Sep 2005`	`Comoros`
`9 Nov 2005`	`Timor-Leste`
`22 Jun 2006`	`Israel, Palestinian Territory`
`21 Sep 2006`	`Montenegro³¹`
`23 Nov 2011`	`Maldives`
`23 Feb 2012`	`Cyprus`
`18 Jun 2013`	`South Sudan`
`18 Nov 2015`	`Tuvalu`
`20 Dec 2017`	`Marshall Islands`
`¹united as Germany 1 Jan 1871;Hamburg, Hesse-Darmstadt, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Oldenburg, Prussia and Saxony part of North German Confederation1 Jul 1867 - 1 Jan 1871; Red Crosses unifiedon 25 Jan 1921 as Red Cross Society of Germany, which was de facto recognized by the ICRC until 1945.²Montenegro and Serbiawere part of Yugoslavia` `from1 Dec 1918;` `from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; dissolved 5 Jun 2006, succeeded by Serbia.³from 1908 Belgian Congo a branch of the Belgian Red Cross;recognized by ICRC 4 Jul 1963 asCongo (Kinshasa) Red Cross.⁴from 1902 a branch of the British Red Cross; from1921 part of South African Red Cross which was recognized by ICRC on 10 May 1928.⁵from 1910 Korea a branch of Japanese Red Cross; separate North and South Korean Red Cross Societies recognized in 1955 and 1956.⁶at 28th International Conference of the Red Cross in 1952, the Standing Commission of the Red Cross invited the People's Republic of China to attend as a delegate and the Formosan (Republic of China [Taiwan]) Red Cross as an observer, on the principle that there may only be only one National Red Cross Society per country. On 28 Jul 1952 the invitations of the Standing Commission were confirmed by a vote of Conference delegates.Formosa (Taiwan) was an invited observer 1957 and 1965. Taiwan was not invited as an observer after 13 Sep 1969; The People's Republic of China Red Cross Society was disbanded during the Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1978.⁷Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁸from 1941 Thailand.` `⁹Russian Red Cross est.1867, by decree of 6 Jan 1918 became the Soviet Red Cross, from 1924, Alliance of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR; dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia; succession recognized 1 Jul 1992.¹⁰Danzig annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945, then annexed to Poland.¹¹from 1935 Iran.` `¹²South Africa suspended from ICRC conference participation25 Oct - Nov 1986.¹³from 1989 Myanmar.` `¹⁴Syria along with Egypt was part of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961; the ICRC did not recognize this new structure as such, but informed other National Red Cross Societies on 10 Sep 1959 that the Syrian Red Crescent was a component of the UAR Red Crescent; on 31 Jul 1962 ICRC noted its autonomy was restored.` `¹⁵from 1950 Jordan.¹⁶from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹⁷East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990 as Germany, the separate national societies united 3 Jan 1991.¹⁸South Vietnam united with North Vietnam on 23 Aug 1976 as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹⁹from 1984 Burkina Faso.²⁰Congo(Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.²¹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.²²from 26 Apr 1964 United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.` `²³from 1975 Benin.²⁴to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.²⁵Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990 as Yemen the separate national societies united 18 Jul 1990.²⁶from 1997 Samoa.²⁷from 2013 Cabo Verde.²⁸Lithuanian Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 28 Aug 1923.²⁹Latvian Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 10 Jan 1923.³⁰fromEstonian Red Cross first recognized by ICRC on 11 Apr 1922.³¹Montenegro a provisional member to 20 Nov 2007.`
`Note: the procedure of recognition of new National Societies by the ICRC came into force from 1887. National Societies created before this date became members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) without formal recognition by the ICRC.`

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

[Shanghai Cooperation
Organisation flag]

SCO website Headquarters: Beijing
(China)

26 Apr 1996 Regional security treaty signed by the "Shanghai Five." 15 Jun 2001 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). 15 Jan 2004 Secretariat inaugurated.

Secretaries-general 15 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2006 Zhang Deguang (China) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 2007 - 21 Jan 2010 Bolat Kabdylkhamitovich (b. 1951) Nurgaliyev (Kazakhstan) 21 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2012 Muratbek Sansyzbayevich Imanaliyev(b. 1956) (Kyrgyzstan) 1 Jan 2013 - 12 Jan 2016 Dmitriy Fyodorovich Mezentsev (b. 1959) (Russia) 12 Jan 2016 - Rashid Kutbudinovich Alimov (b. 1953) (Tajikistan)

SCO membership (8)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

15 Jun 2001 China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan

7 Jun 2002 Uzbekistan

9 Jun 2017 India, Pakistan

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

[Flag of SAARC]
Adopted 8 Dec 1985

SAARC website Headquarters: Kathmandu
(Nepal) SAARC Day: 8 Dec (1985)
SAARC Charter Day

8 Dec 1985 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) established.

Secretaries-general 16 Jan 1987 - 15 Oct 1989 Abul Ahsan (Bangladesh) (b. 1936 - d. 2008)17 Oct 1989 - 31 Dec 1991 Kant Kishore Bhargava (India) (b. 1934) 1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1993 Ibrahim Hussain Zaki (Maldives) (b. 1947) 1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1995 Yadav Kant Silwal (Nepal) (b. 1938) 1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1998 Naeem U. Hasan (Pakistan) (b. 1941) 1 Jan 1999 - 10 Jan 2002 Nihal Rodrigo (Sri Lanka) (b. c.1945) 11 Jan 2002 - 28 Feb 2005 Q.A.M.A. Rahim (Bangladesh) (b. 1942) 1 Mar 2005 - 29 Feb 2008 Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji (Bhutan) (b. 1943) 1 Mar 2008 - 28 Feb 2011 Sheel Kanta Sharma (India) (b. 1950) 1 Mar 2011 - 22 Jan 2012 Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed (f) (b. 1974) (Maldives) 22 Jan 2012 - 12 Mar 2012 Damayanthi Rajapakse (f)(Sri Lanka) (acting)12 Mar 2012 - 28 Feb 2014 Ahmed Saleem (Maldives) (b. 1949) 1 Mar 2014 - 28 Feb 2017 Arjun Bahadur Thapa (Nepal) (b. 1956) 1 Mar 2017 - Amjad Hussain B. Sial (Pakistan)

SAARC membership (8)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

8 Dec 1985 Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

3 Apr 2007 Afghanistan

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

[ Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization (SEATO) flag 1959-1977]
19 Feb 1959 - 30 Jun 1977

Southeast Asia Collective
Defense Treaty
(8 Sep 1954) Headquarters: Bangkok
(Thailand) SEATO Day: 8 Sep (1954)
SEATO Day

8 Sep 1954 Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty signed.19 Feb 1955 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) established. 1 Feb 1974 Dissolution of military structures. 30 Jun 1977 SEATO dissolved.

Secretaries-general 5 Sep 1957 - 22 Sep 1957 Pote Sarasin (1st time)(Thailand) (b. 1905 - d. 2000) 22 Sep 1957 - 10 Jan 1958 William Worth (Australia) (b. 1912 - d. 19..) (1st time)(acting) 10 Jan 1958 - 13 Dec 1963 Pote Sarasin (2nd time)(Thailand) (s.a.) 13 Dec 1963 - 19 Feb 1964 William Worth (Australia) (s.a.) (2nd time)(acting) 19 Feb 1964 - 1 Jul 1965 Konthi Suphamongkhon (Thailand) (b. 1916 - d. 2011) 1 Jul 1965 - 5 Sep 1972 Jesus Miranda Vargas (Philippines) (b. 1905 - d. 1994) 5 Sep 1972 - 30 Jun 1977 Sunthorn Hongladarom (Thailand) (b. 1912 - d. 2005)

SEATO membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

19 Feb 1955 Australia, France¹, New Zealand, Pakistan², Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States

¹France ceased financial contributions 30 Jun 1974.²Pakistan withdrew 7 Nov 1973.

South Pacific Forum: see Pacific Islands Forum

Southern African Development Community (SADC)


1980 - 1992


Adopted 28 Aug 1995

SADC website

Anthem
"SADC Anthem"
Adopted Aug 2004

Headquarters: Gaborone
(Botswana)

SADC Day:
17 Aug (1992)
SADC Day

1 Apr 1980 Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC). 17 Aug 1992 Southern African Development Community (SADC).

Executive Secretaries 1980 - 1982 Lebang Mpotokwane (Botswana) (b. 1944) (1st time) (acting) Oct 1982 - Mar 1984 FrederickArthur Blumeris (b. 1940 - d. 1984) (Zimbabwe) 1984 Lebang Mpotokwane (Botswana) (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 1984 - 31 Dec 1993 Simba Makoni (Zimbabwe) (b. 1950) 1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1999 Kaire Mbuende (Namibia) (b. 1953) 1 Jan 2000 - 31 Aug 2005 Prega Ramsamy (Mauritius) (b. 1950) (acting to 9 Mar 2001) 1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2013 Tomaz Augusto Salomão (Mozambique) (b. 1954) 1 Sep 2013 - Stergomena Lawrence Tax (f) (b. 1960) (Tanzania)

SADC membership (15)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

1 Apr 1980 Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

31 Mar 1990 Namibia

30 Aug 1994 South Africa

28 Aug 1995 Mauritius

8 Sep 1997 Congo (Kinshasa), Seychelles¹

18 Aug 2005 Madagascar²

¹Seychelles withdrew 1 Jul 2004; rejoined 16 Aug 2008.²Madagascar suspended 30 Mar 2009 - 30 Jan 2014.

Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)


Adopted 16 Dec 1996 (Spanish)


(Portuguese variant)

MERCOSUR website
------------------
PARLASUR website

Headquarters: Montevideo
(Uruguay)

MERCOSUR Day:
26 Mar (1991)
Día del MERCOSUR

26 Mar 1991 Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur/Mercosul) founded by Treaty of Asunción. 17 Dec 1994 Customs union inaugurated. 1 Jan 1997 Secretariat inaugurated. 6 Dec 2006 Parlamento del Mercosur(Parlasur/Parlasul)effective.

Directors of the Executive Secretariat 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1998 Jorge Enrique Fernández Reyes (Uruguay) 1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 2000 Ramón Antero Díaz Pereira (Paraguay) 1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2002 Santiago J. González Cravino (Argentina) 1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2005 Reginaldo Braga Arcuri (Brazil) (b. 1955?) 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2007 José Ernesto Büttner Limprich (Paraguay) 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2009 José Manuel Quijano Capurro (b. 1944) (Uruguay) 1 Dec 2010 - 31 Dec 2011 Agustín Miguel Colombo Sierra (b. 1952) (Argentina) 1 Jan 2012 - 30 Jun 2014 Jeferson Miola (Brazil) 1 Jul 2014 - 31 Dec 2016 Oscar Pastore (Paraguay) 1 Jan 2017 - Linda Rabbaglietti Amor (f) (Uruguay)

Presidents of the Parliament of Mercosur (Parlasur/Parlasul) 7 May 2007 – 25 Jun 2007 Alfonso González Núñez(Paraguay) (b. 1964) 25 Jun 2007 – 18 Dec 2007 Carlos Roberto Conde Carreras (b. 1952) (Uruguay) 18 Dec 2007 – 27 Jun 2008 José Juan Bautista Pampuro (b. 1949) (1st time)(Argentina) 28 Jun 2008 – 10 Feb 2009 Florisvaldo Fier (Brazil) (b. 1950) 10 Feb 2009 – 17 Aug 2009 Ignacio Mendoza Unzaín(Paraguay) (1st time) 17 Aug 2009 - 2 Feb 2010 Juan José Domínguez (Uruguay) 2 Feb 2010 - 9 Aug 2010 José Juan Bautista Pampuro (s.a.) (2nd time)(Argentina) 9 Aug 2010 - 6 Jun 2011 Aloizio Mercadante Oliva (Brazil) (b. 1954) 7 Jun 2011 - 12 Aug 2011 Ignacio Mendoza Unzaín(Paraguay) (2nd time) 12 Aug 2011 - 30 Jun 2013 Azambuja Reinaldo Silva (Brazil) (b. 1963) 1 Jul 2013 - 15 Feb 2015 Rubén Martínez Huelmo (Uruguay) (b. 1949) (acting to 2 Dec 2013) 26 Feb 2015 - 31 Dec 2015 Saúl Ortega Campos (Venezuela) 1 Jan 2016 - 1 Dec 2016 Jorge Enrique Taiana (Argentina) (b. 1950) 1 Dec 2016 - 31 Dec 2017 Arlindo Chinaglia Junior (Brazil) (b. 1949) 1 Jan 2018 - Tomás Enrique Bittar Navarro y Zacarías (Paraguay)

MERCOSUR membership (6)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

26 Mar 1991 Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay¹, Uruguay

31 Jul 2012 Venezuela²

17 Jul 2015 Bolivia³

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of Mercosur

1 Oct 1996 Chile

25 Aug 2003 Peru

16 Dec 2004 Colombia, Ecuador

17 Jul 2015 Guyana, Suriname

¹Paraguay suspended 29 Jun 2012 - 15 Aug 2013.²Venezuela an associate member 16 Dec 2004 - 31 Jul 2012; suspended from 1 Dec 2016.³Bolivia associate an member 1 Jan 1997 - 17 Jul 2015.

Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)

23 May 2008 - 2011 Unofficial

[Union of
South American Nations (UNASUR) flag]

Adopted 2011

UNASUR website

Headquarters: Quito (Ecuador)
(Brasilia, Brazil interim 2008-11)

8 Dec 2004 South American Community of Nations.23 May 2008 Union of South American Nations (Unión de Naciones Suramericanas [UNASUR]/União de Nações Sul-Americanas [UNASUL]) founded.11 Mar 2011 Constitutive Treaty enters into force.

Secretaries-general 4 May 2010 - 27 Oct 2010 Néstor Carlos Kirchner Ostoić (b. 1950 - d. 2010) (Argentina) 27 Oct 2010 - 1 Apr 2011 Vacant 1 Apr 2011 - 11 Jun 2012 María Emma Mejía Vélez (f)(Colombia) (b. 1953) (acting to 11 May 2011) 11 Jun 2012 - 11 Sep 2014 Alí RodríguezAraque (Venezuela) (b. 1937)11 Sep 2014 - 31 Jan 2017 Ernesto Samper Pizano (Colombia) (b. 1950) 1 Feb 2017 - Vacant Presidents Pro Tempore 23 May 2008 - 10 Aug 2009 Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria (f) (b. 1951) (Chile) 10 Aug 2009 - 26 Nov 2010 Rafael Correa Delgado (Ecuador) (b. 1963) 26 Nov 2010 - 29 Oct 2011 Bharrat Jagdeo (Guyana) (b. 1964) 29 Oct 2011 - 22 Jun 2012 Fernando Lugo Méndez (Paraguay) (b. 1951) 22 Jun 2012 - 29 Jun 2012 Vacant 29 Jun 2012 - 30 Aug 2013 Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (Peru) (b. 1962) 30 Aug 2013 - 4 Dec 2014 Dési Bouterse (Suriname) (b. 1945) 4 Dec 2014 - 1 Mar 2015 José Mujica (Uruguay) (b. 1935) 1 Mar 2015 - 22 Apr 2016 Tabaré Vázquez (Uruguay) (b. 1940) 23 Apr 2016 - 17 Apr 2017 Nicolás Maduro Moros (Venezuela) (b. 1962) 18 Apr 2017 - Mauricio Macri (Argentina) (b. 1959)
UNASUR membership (12)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`23 May 2008`	`Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay¹, Peru,` `Suriname,Uruguay, Venezuela`
`¹suspended 29 Jun 2012 - 15 Aug 2013.`

United Nations (UN)


Apr 1945 - 7 Dec 1946


Adopted 7 Dec 1946

UN website

Headquarters:
New York City
(United States);
(London, UK 1946;
Geneva, Switzerland 1946-10 Jan 1951 )

UN Day: 24 Oct (1945)
United Nations Day

United Nations Charter
(26 Jun 1945)

Universal Declaration
of Human Rights
(10 Dec 1948)

26 Jun 1945 UN Charter signed. 24 Oct 1945 UN Charter effective. 18 Apr 1946 League of Nations officially transfers its assets and responsibilities to the United Nations.

Secretaries-general 24 Oct 1945 - 29 Jan 1946 Sir Gladwyn Jebb (U.K.) (acting) (b. 1900 - d. 1996) 2 Feb 1946 - 10 Apr 1953 Trygve Lie (Norway) (b. 1896 - d. 1968) 10 Apr 1953 - 18 Sep 1961 Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden) (b. 1905 - d. 1961) 3 Nov 1961 - 31 Dec 1971 U Thant (Burma) (b. 1909 - d. 1974) (acting to 30 Nov 1962) 1 Jan 1972 - 31 Dec 1981 Kurt Waldheim (Austria) (b. 1918 - d. 2007) 1 Jan 1982 - 31 Dec 1991 Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (Peru) (b. 1920) 1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1996 Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) (b. 1922 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 2006 Kofi Annan (Ghana) (b. 1938) 1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2016 Ban Ki Moon (South Korea) (b. 1944) 1 Jan 2017 - António Manuel de Oliveira (b. 1949) Guterres (Portugal)

Presidents of the General Assembly 10 Jan 1946 - 16 Sep 1947 Paul-Henri Spaak (Belgium) (b. 1899 - d. 1972) 16 Sep 1947 - 16 Apr 1948 Oswaldo Euclides de Sousa Aranha (b. 1894 - d. 1960) (Brazil) 16 Apr 1948 - 21 Sep 1948 José Arce (Argentina) (b. 1881 - d. 1968) 21 Sep 1948 - 20 Sep 1949 Herbert Vere Evatt (Australia) (b. 1894 - d. 1965) 20 Sep 1949 - 19 Sep 1950 Carlos Peña Romulo (Philippines) (b. 1899 - d. 1985) 19 Sep 1950 - 6 Nov 1951 Nasrollah Entezam (Iran) (b. 1900 - d. 1980) 6 Nov 1951 - 14 Oct 1952 Luis Padilla Nervo (Mexico) (b. 1894 - d. 1985) 14 Oct 1952 - 15 Sep 1953 Lester Bowles Pearson (Canada) (b. 1897 - d. 1972) 15 Sep 1953 - 21 Sep 1954 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (f) (India) (b. 1900 - d. 1990) 21 Sep 1954 - 20 Sep 1955 Eelco Nicolaas van Kleffens (b. 1894 - d. 1983) (Netherlands) 20 Sep 1955 - 1 Nov 1956 José Guillermo Maza Fernández (b. 1889 - d. 1964) (Chile) 1 Nov 1956 - 12 Nov 1956 Rudecindo Ortega Masson (Chile) (b. 1899 - d. 1962) 12 Nov 1956 - 17 Sep 1957 Prince Wan Waithayakon (Thailand) (b. 1891 - d. 1976) 17 Sep 1957 - 16 Sep 1958 Sir Leslie Munro (New Zealand) (b. 1901 - d. 1974) 16 Sep 1958 - 15 Sep 1959 Charles Habib Malik (Lebanon) (b. 1906 - d. 1987) 15 Sep 1959 - 20 Sep 1960 Víctor Andrés Belaúnde Diez Canseco(b. 1883 - d. 1966) (Peru)20 Sep 1960 - 20 Sep 1961 Frederick Henry Boland (Ireland) (b. 1904 - d. 1985) 20 Sep 1961 - 18 Sep 1962 Mongi Slim (Tunisia) (b. 1908 - d. 1969) 18 Sep 1962 - 17 Sep 1963 Sir Mohammad Zafrulla Khan (b. 1893 - d. 1985) (Pakistan) 17 Sep 1963 - 1 Dec 1964 Carlos Sosa Rodríguez (Venezuela) (b. 1912 - d. 1997) 1 Dec 1964 - 21 Sep 1965 Alex Quaison-Sackey (Ghana) (b. 1924 - d. 1992) 21 Sep 1965 - 20 Sep 1966 Amintore Fanfani (Italy) (b. 1908 - d. 1999) 20 Sep 1966 - 19 Sep 1967 Abdul Rahman Pazhwak (Afghanistan) (b. 1919 - d. 1995) 19 Sep 1967 - 24 Sep 1968 Corneliu Mănescu (Romania) (b. 1916 - d. 2000) 24 Sep 1968 - 17 Apr 1969 Emilio Arenales Catalán (b. 1922 - d. 1969) (Guatemala) 16 Sep 1969 - 15 Sep 1970 Angie Brooks (f) (Liberia) (b. 1928 - d. 2007) (from 27 Apr 1970, Angie Brooks-Randolph) 15 Sep 1970 - 21 Sep 1971 Edvard Hambro (Norway) (b. 1911 - d. 1977) 21 Sep 1971 - 19 Sep 1972 Adam Malik (Indonesia) (b. 1917 - d. 1984) 19 Sep 1972 - 18 Sep 1973 Stanisław Trepczyński (Poland) (b. 1924 - d. 2002) 18 Sep 1973 - 17 Sep 1974 Leopoldo Benites Vinueza (Ecuador) (b. 1905 - d. 1996) 17 Sep 1974 - 16 Sep 1975 Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria) (b. 1937) 16 Sep 1975 - 21 Sep 1976 Gaston Egmond Thorn (Luxembourg) (b. 1928 - d. 2007) 21 Sep 1976 - 20 Sep 1977 Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe (b. 1913 - d. 1980) (Sri Lanka) 20 Sep 1977 - 19 Sep 1978 Lazar Mojsov (Yugoslavia) (b. 1920 - d. 2011) 19 Sep 1978 - 18 Sep 1979 Indalecio Liévano Aguirre (b. 1917 - d. 1982) (Colombia) 18 Sep 1979 - 16 Sep 1980 Salim Ahmed Salim (Tanzania) (b. 1942) 16 Sep 1980 - 15 Sep 1981 Rüdiger von Wechmar (W. Germany) (b. 1923 - d. 2007) 15 Sep 1981 - 21 Sep 1982 Ismat T. Kittani (Iraq) (b. 1929 - d. 2001) 21 Sep 1982 - 20 Sep 1983 Imre Hollai (Hungary) (b. 1925 - d. 2017) 20 Sep 1983 - 18 Sep 1984 Jorge Enrique Illueca Sibauste (b. 1918 - d. 2012) (Panama) 18 Sep 1984 - 17 Sep 1985 Paul J.F. Lusaka (Zambia) (b. 1935 - d. 1996) 17 Sep 1985 - 16 Sep 1986 Jaime de Piniés (Spain) (b. 1917 - d. 2003) 16 Sep 1986 - 15 Sep 1987 Humayun Rasheed Chowdhury (b. 1928 - d. 2001) (Bangladesh) 15 Sep 1987 - 20 Sep 1988 Peter Florin (East Germany) (b. 1921 - d. 2014) 20 Sep 1988 - 19 Sep 1989 Dante María Caputo (Argentina) (b. 1943) 19 Sep 1989 - 18 Sep 1990 Joseph Nanven Garba (Nigeria) (b. 1943 - d. 2002) 18 Sep 1990 - 17 Sep 1991 Guido de Marco (Malta) (b. 1931 - d. 2010) 17 Sep 1991 - 15 Sep 1992 Samir S. Shihabi (Saudi Arabia) (b. 1925 - d. 2010) 15 Sep 1992 - 21 Sep 1993 Stoyan Ganev (Bulgaria) (b. 1955 - d. 2013) 21 Sep 1993 - 20 Sep 1994 Samuel R. Insanally (Guyana) (b. 1936) 20 Sep 1994 - 19 Sep 1995 Amara Essy (Côte d'Ivoire) (b. 1944) 19 Sep 1995 - 17 Sep 1996 Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (b. 1941) (Portugal) 17 Sep 1996 - 16 Sep 1997 Razali Ismail (Malaysia) (b. 1939) 16 Sep 1997 - 9 Sep 1998 Hennadii Udovenko (Ukraine) (b. 1931 - d. 2013) 9 Sep 1998 - 14 Sep 1999 Didier Opertti Badán (Uruguay) (b. 1937) 14 Sep 1999 - 5 Sep 2000 Theo-Ben Gurirab (Namibia) (b. 1939) 5 Sep 2000 - 12 Sep 2001 Harri Holkeri (Finland) (b. 1937 - d. 2011) 12 Sep 2001 - 10 Sep 2002 Han Seung Soo (South Korea) (b. 1936) 10 Sep 2002 - 16 Sep 2003 Jan Kavan (Czech Republic) (b. 1946) 16 Sep 2003 - 14 Sep 2004 Julian Hunte (Saint Lucia) (b. 1940) 14 Sep 2004 - 13 Sep 2005 Jean Ping (Gabon) (b. 1942) 13 Sep 2005 - 12 Sep 2006 Jan Eliasson (Sweden) (b. 1940) 12 Sep 2006 - 18 Sep 2007 Haya Rashed Al Khalifah (f) (b. 1952) (Bahrain) 18 Sep 2007 - 16 Sep 2008 Srgjan Kerim (Macedonia) (b. 1948) 16 Sep 2008 - 15 Sep 2009 Miguel D'Escoto Brockmann (b. 1933 - d. 2017) (Nicaragua) 15 Sep 2009 - 14 Sep 2010 Ali Triki (Libya) (b. 1938 - d. 2015) 14 Sep 2010 - 13 Sep 2011 Joseph Deiss (Switzerland) (b. 1946) 13 Sep 2011 - 18 Sep 2012 Nasser Abdulaziz al-Nasser (Qatar) (b. 1953) 18 Sep 2012 - 17 Sep 2013 Vuk Jeremić (Serbia) (b. 1975) 17 Sep 2013 - 16 Sep 2014 John W. Ashe (Antigua and Barbuda) (b. 1954 - d. 2016) 16 Sep 2014 - 15 Sep 2015 Sam Kutesa (Uganda) (b. 1949) 15 Sep 2015 - 13 Sep 2016 Mogens Lykketoft (Denmark) (b. 1946) 13 Sep 2016 - 12 Sep 2017 Peter Thomson (Fiji) (b. 1948) 12 Sep 2017 - Miroslav Lajčák (Slovakia) (b. 1963)

[United Nations High
Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)]

United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees 1 Jan 1951 - 8 Jul 1956 Gerrit J. van Heuven Goedhart (b. 1901 - d. 1956) (Netherlands) 8 Jul 1956 - 31 Dec 1956 James M. Read (U.S.) (acting) (b. 1908 - d. 1985) 1 Jan 1957 - 31 Dec 1960 Auguste R. Lindt (Switzerland) (b. 1905 - d. 2000) 1 Jan 1961 - 31 Dec 1965 Felix Schnyder (Switzerland) (b. 1910 - d. 1992) 1 Jan 1966 - 31 Dec 1977 Sadruddin Aga Khan (Iran) (b. 1933 - d. 2003) 1 Jan 1978 - 31 Dec 1985 Poul Hartling (Denmark) (b. 1914 - d. 2000) 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Oct 1989 Jean-Pierre Hocké (Switzerland) (b. 1938) 1 Nov 1989 - 31 Dec 1989 Gerald Hinteregger (Austria) (b. 1928 - d. 2013) (acting) 1 Jan 1990 - 2 Nov 1990 Thorvald Stoltenberg (Norway) (b. 1931) 2 Nov 1990 - 18 Feb 1991 Douglas Stafford (U.S.) (acting)18 Feb 1991 - 31 Dec 2000 Sadako Ogata (f) (Japan) (b. 1927) 1 Jan 2001 - 24 Feb 2005 Rudolphus "Ruud" Lubbers (b. 1939 - d. 2018) (Netherlands) 24 Feb 2005 - 15 Jun 2005 Wendy Jean Chamberlain (U.S.) (b. 1948) (acting) 15 Jun 2005 - 31 Dec 2015 António Manuel de Oliveira (s.a.) Guterres (Portugal) 1 Jan 2016 - Filippo Grandi (Italy) (b. 1957)

¹from 19 Sep 1991 Belarus.²Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 15 Nov 1971, when the UN voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.³Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁴on 21 Feb 1958, the United Arab Republic was established by a union of Egypt and Syria and continued as a single member. On 13 Oct 1961, Syria, having resumed its status as an independent state, resumed its separate membership. On 2 Sep 1971 the United Arab Republic was renamed Arab Republic of Egypt.⁵Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991; Russia succeeded to Soviet seat.⁶from 1991 Ukraine.⁷Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia broke up in 1992; in 8 Apr 1992 Montenegro and Serbia reconstituted as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia assumed the former Yugoslav seat, on 22 Sep 1992 the rump Yugoslavia was suspended from participation in the General Assembly and told to reapply for membership, which it did in 2000 (admitted 1 Nov 2000); from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁸from 12 Nov 1974 to 23 Jun 1994 the General Assembly refused to accept the credentials of the South African delegation because of the country's apartheid policies, but South Africa retained membership.⁹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990.¹⁰from 1989 Myanmar.¹¹Indonesia withdrew 20 Jan 1965; rejoined 28 Sep 1966.¹²from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹³from 1963 Malaysia.¹⁴1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁵from 1975 Benin.¹⁶from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.¹⁷to 30 Dc 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹⁸from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹⁹Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.²⁰East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990. ²¹from 2013 Cabo Verde. ²²from 1997 Samoa.²³from 2003 Timor-Leste.


United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

[United Nations Children's
Fund (UNICEF)]

UNICEF Flag

UNICEF Variant

UNICEF website

Headquarters: New York City (United States)

UNICEF Day: 20 Nov (1959)
Universal Children's Day

11 Dec 1946 United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) created as a temporary agency of the United Nations. 6 Oct 1953 Renamed United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),made a permanent specialized agency of the United Nations. 20 Nov 1959 Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted by U.N.

Executive Directors (all from U.S.) 11 Dec 1946 - 19 Jan 1965 Maurice Pate (b. 1894 - d. 1965) 19 Jan 1965 - Jun 1965 E.J.R. "Dick" Heyward (acting) (b. 1914 - d. 2005) Jun 1965 - 31 Dec 1979 Henry Richardson Labouisse (b. 1904 - d. 1987) 1 Jan 1980 - 28 Jan 1995 James Grant (b. 1922 - d. 1995) 1 May 1995 - 30 Apr 2005 Carol Bellamy (f) (b. 1942) 1 May 2005 - 30 Apr 2010 Ann M. Veneman (f) (b. 1949) 1 May 2010 - 31 Dec 2017 Anthony "Tony" Lake (b. 1939) 1 Jan 2018 - Henrietta Holsman Fore (f) (b. 1948)

UNICEF membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

11 Dec 1946 the Executive Board consists of 36 members, elected for a three-year term with the following regional allocation of seats: 8 African states, 7 Asian states, 4 Eastern European states, 5 Latin American and Caribbean states and 12 Western European and other states (including Japan). The United Nations Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC)elects states to sit on the UNICEF Executive Board from state members of the United Nations or of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)


Adopted 30 Dec 1964

UNCTAD website

Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland)

20 Mar 1964 - 6 Jun 1964 The first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development takes place. 30 Dec 1964 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) established as a permanent organ of the UN General Assembly.Secretaries-general1964 - Mar 1969 Raúl Prebisch (Argentina) (b. 1901 - d. 1986)Mar 1969 - Mar 1974 Manuel Pérez-Guerrero (Venezuela) (b. 1911 - d. 1985) 5 Apr 1974 - 31 Dec 1984 Gamani Corea (Sri Lanka) (b. 1925 - d. 2013) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1985 Alister McIntyre (Grenada) (acting) (b. 1932) 1 Jan 1986 - 31 Mar 1994 Kenneth K.S. Dadzie (Ghana) (b. 1930 - d. 1995) 1 Apr 1994 - 14 Sep 1995 Carlos Fortín Cabezas(Chile) (b. 1940) (1st time) (acting)15 Sep 1995 - 15 Sep 2004 Rubens Ricupero (Brazil) (b. 1937) 15 Sep 2004 - 31 Aug 2005 Carlos Fortín Cabezas(Chile) (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 1 Sep 2005 - 31 Aug 2013 Supachai Panitchpakdi (Thailand) (b. 1946) 1 Sep 2013 - Mukhisa Kituyi (Kenya) (b. 1956)
UNCTAD membership (194)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`30 Dec 1964`	`the members of the United Nations`
`30 Dec 1964`	`Holy See`

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Adopted 22 Nov 1965

[United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) alternate
flag]

UNDP Variant Flag

UNDP website

Headquarters: New York
(United States)

UNDP Day: 24 Oct (1970)
World Development
Information Day

22 Nov 1965 UNDPestablished as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Administrators Jan 1966 - 1972 Paul G. Hoffman (U.S.) (b. 1891 - d. 1974) 1972 - 1976 Rudolph A. Peterson (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 2004) 1976 - 1986 F. Bradford Morse (U.S.) (b. 1921 - d. 1994) 1986 - 1993 William H. Draper III (U.S.) (b. 1928) 1993 - 30 Jun 1999 James Gustave Speth (U.S.) (b. 1942) 1 Jul 1999 - Aug 2005 Mark Malloch Brown (U.K.) (b. 1953) 15 Aug 2005 - 28 Feb 2009 Kemal Derviş (Turkey) (b. 1949) 1 Mar 2009 - 20 Apr 2009 Ad Melkert (Netherlands)(acting) (b. 1956) 20 Apr 2009 - 19 Apr 2017 Helen E. Clark (f) (New Zealand) (b. 1950)20 Apr 2017 - Achim Steiner (Germany) (b. 1961)
UNDP membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`22 Nov 1965`	`36 Executive Board members selected on a rotating basis from all regions`

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

[United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)]

UNESCO website World Heritage
Properties List Hear Anthem
"UNESCO Hymne" Headquarters:
Paris (France) UNESCO Day: 18 Apr
World Heritage Day
(International Day for
Monuments and Sites)

4 Nov 1946 UNESCO established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Directors-general 6 Dec 1946 - 9 Dec 1948 Julian Huxley (U.K.) (b. 1887 - d. 1975) 10 Dec 1948 - 1 Dec 1952 Jaime Torres Bodet (Mexico) (b. 1902 - d. 1974) 2 Dec 1952 - 3 Jul 1953 John W. Taylor (U.S.) (interim) (b. 1906 - d. 2001) 4 Jul 1953 - 4 Dec 1958 Luther H. Evans (U.S.) (b. 1902 - d. 1981) 5 Dec 1958 - 2 Nov 1961 Vittorino Veronese (Italy) (b. 1910 - d. 1986) 2 Nov 1961 - 14 Nov 1974 René Maheu (France) (b. 1905 - d. 1975) (interim to 14 Nov 1962) 15 Nov 1974 - 14 Nov 1987 Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow (Senegal) (b. 1921) 15 Nov 1987 - 14 Nov 1999 Federico Mayor Zaragoza(Spain) (b. 1934) 15 Nov 1999 - 14 Nov 2009 Kōichirō Matsuura (Japan) (b. 1937) 15 Nov 2009 - 14 Nov 2017 Irina Georgieva Bokova (f) (b. 1952) (Bulgaria) 15 Nov 2017 - Audrey Azoulay (f) (France) (b. 1972)

UNESCO membership (195)

Date of
Admission
Member Nations

4 Nov 1946 Australia, Brazil, Canada, China¹, Czechoslovakia², Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Saudi Arabia, South Africa³, Turkey, United Kingdom⁴, United States⁵

6 Nov 1946 Poland⁶

13 Nov 1946 Bolivia

16 Nov 1946 Syria⁷

18 Nov 1946 Haiti

21 Nov 1946 Peru, Philippines

25 Nov 1946 Venezuela

29 Nov 1946 Belgium

1 Jan 1947 The Netherlands

22 Jan 1947 Ecuador

6 Mar 1947 Liberia

29 Aug 1947 Cuba

27 Oct 1947 Luxembourg

31 Oct 1947 Colombia

8 Nov 1947 Uruguay

16 Dec 1947 Honduras

27 Jan 1948 Italy

28 Apr 1948 El Salvador

4 May 1948 Afghanistan

13 Aug 1948 Austria

6 Sep 1948 Iran

14 Sep 1948 Hungary⁸

15 Sep 1948 Argentina

21 Oct 1948 Iraq

1 Jan 1949 Thailand

28 Jan 1949 Switzerland

27 Jun 1949 Burma⁹

6 Jul 1949 Monaco

14 Sep 1949 Pakistan

16 Sep 1949 Israel¹⁰

14 Nov 1949 Ceylon¹¹

2 Jan 1950 Guatemala

10 Jan 1950 Panama

23 Jan 1950 Sweden

31 Mar 1950 Yugoslavia¹²

19 May 1950 Costa Rica

27 May 1950 Indonesia¹³

14 Jun 1950 Jordan, South Korea

2 Jul 1951 Japan

3 Jul 1951 Cambodia

6 Jul 1951 Vietnam¹⁴

9 Jul 1951 Laos

11 Jul 1951 West Germany¹⁵

22 Feb 1952 Nicaragua

30 Jan 1953 Spain

1 May 1953 Nepal

27 Jun 1953 Libya

7 Jul 1953 Chile

21 Apr 1954 Soviet Union¹⁶

12 May 1954 Byelorussian S.S.R.¹⁷, Ukrainian S.S.R.¹⁸

20 Jun 1955 Paraguay

1 Jul 1955 Ethiopia

17 May 1956 Bulgaria

27 Jul 1956 Romania

10 Oct 1956 Finland

7 Nov 1956 Morocco

8 Nov 1956 Tunisia

26 Nov 1956 The Sudan

11 Apr 1958 Ghana

16 Jun 1958 Malaya¹⁹

16 Oct 1958 Albania

2 Feb 1960 Guinea

18 Oct 1960 Dahomey²⁰

24 Oct 1960 Congo (Brazzaville)

27 Oct 1960 Ivory Coast²¹

7 Nov 1960 Mali

10 Nov 1960 Madagascar²², Niger, Senegal

11 Nov 1960 Cameroon, Central African Republic

14 Nov 1960 Nigeria, Upper Volta²³

15 Nov 1960 Somalia

16 Nov 1960 Gabon

17 Nov 1960 Togo

18 Nov 1960 Kuwait

25 Nov 1960 Congo (Léopoldville)²⁴

19 Dec 1960 Chad

6 Feb 1961 Cyprus

3 Oct 1961 Ireland

10 Oct 1962 Mauritania

6 Mar 1962 Tanganyika²⁵

28 Mar 1962 Sierra Leone

2 Apr 1962 Yemen (Sana)²⁶

15 Oct 1962 Algeria

1 Nov 1962 Mongolia

2 Nov 1962 Trinidad and Tobago

7 Nov 1962 Jamaica, Rwanda

9 Nov 1962 Ugand

16 Nov 1962 Burundi

7 Apr 1964 Kenya

8 Jun 1964 Iceland

27 Oct 1964 Malawi

9 Nov 1964 Zambia

10 Feb 1965 Malta

11 Mar 1965 Portugal²⁷

28 Oct 1965 Singapore²⁸

21 Mar 1967 Guyana

29 Sep 1967 Lesotho

15 Oct 1968 Yemen (Aden)²⁶

24 Oct 1968 Barbados

25 Oct 1968 Mauritius

18 Jan 1972 Bahrain

27 Jan 1972 Qatar

10 Feb 1972 Oman

20 Apr 1972 United Arab Emirates

27 Oct 1972 Bangladesh

21 Nov 1972 East Germany¹⁵

1 Aug 1973 The Gambia

18 Oct 1974 North Korea

1 Nov 1974 Guinea-Bissau

12 Nov 1974 San Marino

17 Feb 1975 Grenada

16 Jul 1976 Suriname

4 Oct 1976 Papua New Guinea

11 Oct 1976 Mozambique

18 Oct 1976 Seychelles

11 Mar 1977 Angola

22 Mar 1977 Comoros

25 Jan 1978 Swaziland

15 Feb 1978 Cape Verde²⁹

2 Nov 1978 Namibia³⁰

9 Jan 1979 Dominica

29 Nov 1979 Equatorial Guinea

16 Jan 1980 Botswana

22 Jan 1980 São Tomé and Príncipe

6 Mar 1980 Saint Lucia

18 Jul 1980 Maldives

22 Sep 1980 Zimbabwe

29 Sep 1980 Tonga

3 Apr 1981 Western Samoa³¹

23 Apr 1981 The Bahamas

13 Apr 1982 Bhutan

10 May 1982 Belize

15 Jul 1982 Antigua and Barbuda

15 Feb 1983 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

14 Jul 1983 Fiji

26 Oct 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis

31 Aug 1989 Djibouti

24 Oct 1989 Kiribati

25 Oct 1989 Cook Islands

7 Oct 1991 Lithuania

14 Oct 1991 Estonia, Latvia

21 Oct 1991 Tuvalu

22 May 1992 Kazakhstan

27 May 1992 Moldova, Slovenia

1 Jun 1992 Croatia

2 Jun 1992 Kyrgyzstan

3 Jun 1992 Azerbaijan

9 Jun 1992 Armenia

7 Oct 1992 Georgia

9 Feb 1993 Slovakia

22 Feb 1993 Czech Republic

6 Apr 1993 Tajikistan

2 Jun 1993 Bosnia and Hercegovina

28 Jun 1993 Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)

17 Aug 1993 Turkmenistan

2 Sep 1993 Eritrea

7 Sep 1993 Solomon Islands

20 Oct 1993 Andorra

26 Oct 1993 Niue, Uzbekistan

10 Feb 1994 Vanuatu

30 Jun 1995 Marshall Islands

17 Oct 1996 Nauru

20 Sep 1999 Palau

19 Oct 1999 Federated States of Micronesia

20 Dec 2000 Serbia and Montenegro¹²

5 Jun 2003
Timor-Leste

17 May 2005 Brunei Darussalam

1 Mar 2007 Montenegro

27 Oct 2011 South Sudan

23 Nov 2011 Palestine

¹the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 29 Oct 1971, when UNESCO voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.²Czechoslovakia announced it no longer considered itself a member 29 Jan 1953, resumed cooperation 9 Sep 1954; dissolved 31 Dec 1992.³South Africa withdrew 31 Dec 1956, rejoined 12 Dec 1994.⁴U.K. withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 1 Jul 1997.⁵U.S. withdrew 31 Dec 1984, rejoined 1 Oct 2003; announced its withdrawal12 Oct 2017, to be effective 31 Dec 2018.⁶Poland announced it no longer considered itself a member 5 Dec 1952, resumed cooperation 18 Jun 1954. ⁷1958-1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. Syria left UNESCO 21 Feb 1958; On 28 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on 13 Oct1961. ⁸Hungary announced it no longer considered itself a member 31 Dec 1952, resumed cooperation 1 Jun 1954.⁹from 1989 Myanmar.¹⁰Israel effectivelyexcluded from participation 20 Nov 1974 - 9 Nov 1976; announced its withdrawal 29 Dec 2017, to be effective 31 Dec 2018.¹¹from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹²Yugoslavia expelled 22 Sep 1992, readmitted 20 Dec 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.¹³Indonesia announced its withdrawal 25 Feb 1965, resumed collaboration 16 Sep 1966.¹⁴Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam; from 2 Jul 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹⁵East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.¹⁶Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.¹⁷from 1991 Belarus.¹⁸from 1991 Ukraine. ¹⁹from 1963 Malaysia.²⁰from 1975 Benin.²¹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.²²to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.²³from 1984 Burkina Faso. ²⁴1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.²⁵from 1964 Tanzania.²⁶Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990. ²⁷Portugal excluded from participation 28 Nov 1966, withdrew 31 Dec 1972; rejoined 11 Sep 1974.²⁸Singapore withdrew 31 Dec 1985, rejoined 8 Oct 2007.²⁹from 2013 Cabo Verde.³⁰as United Nations Council for Namibia to 21 Mar 1990.³¹from 1997 Samoa.

Date of
Admission
Associate Members of UNESCO

13 Nov 1954 British Caribbean Group¹, Gold Coast², Malaya-BritishBorneo³,Sierra Leone⁴

7 Nov 1956 Nigeria⁵

6 Nov 1958 Bahrain⁶, Kuwait⁷, SomalilandTrust Territory⁸, West Indies Federation⁹

5 Nov 1960 Tanganyika¹⁰

15 Nov 1960 Mauritius¹¹, Ruanda-Urundi¹²

12 Nov 1962 Qatar¹³

21 Oct 1964 British Eastern Caribbean Group¹⁴

17 Oct 1974 Papua New Guinea¹⁵

21 Oct 1974 Namibia¹⁶

26 Oct 1983 Netherlands Antilles¹⁷

24 Nov 1983 British Virgin Islands

20 Oct 1987 Aruba

25 Oct 1995 Macau (China)

30 Oct 1999 Cayman Islands

15 Oct 2001 Tokelau

12 Oct 2009 Faroe Islands

25 Oct 2011 Curaçao, Sint Maarten

5 Nov 2013 Anguilla

3 Nov 2015 Montserrat

30 Oct 2017 New Caledonia

¹Barbados, Dominica, Jamaica and Trinidad; from 6 Nov 1958 West Indies Federation.²full member 11 Apr 1958 as Ghana.³as Malaya Federation to 16 Jun 1958; Singapore and British Borneo 16 Jun 1958 - 31 Dec 1959.⁴Sierra Leone a full member from28 Mar 1962.⁵Nigeria a full member from 14 Nov 1960.⁶Bahrain a full member from 18 Jan 1972.⁷Kuwait a full member from 18 Nov 1960.⁸associate member as Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian administration to 1 Jul 1960; from 1960 Somalia.⁹West Indies Federation dissolved31 May 1962.¹⁰Tanganyika a full member from6 Mar 1962; from 1964 Tanzania.¹¹Mauritius a full member from 25 Oct 1968.¹²Ruanda-Urundi dissolved on 1 Jul 1962.¹³Qatar a full member from 21 Jan 1972.¹⁴composed of: Antigua and Barbuda (to 15 Nov 1982), Anguilla, Barbados (to 24 Oct 1968), Cayman Islands, Dominica (to 9 Jan 1979), Grenada (to 17 Feb 1975), Montserrat, St. Christopher-Nevis (to 26 Oct 1983), St. Lucia (to 6 Mar 1980), St. Vincent (to 15 Feb 1963); dissolved 31 Dec 1984.¹⁵PNG a full member from 4 Oct 1976. ¹⁶as United Nations Council for Namibia; full member from 2 Nov 1978.¹⁷Netherlands Antilles dissolvedon 10 Oct 2010.

United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)

[UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme
flag]

UNEP website

Headquarters: Nairobi
(Kenya)

UNEP Day: 5 Jun (1972)
World Environment Day

5 Jun 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.15 Dec 1972 UNEPestablished as a specialized agency of the United Nations.Executive Directors 1 Jan 1973 - Dec 1975 Maurice F. Strong (Canada) (b. 1929 - d. 2015)Dec 1975 - 31 Dec 1992 Mostafa Kamal Tolba (Egypt) (b. 1922 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 1993 - 31 Mar 1998 Elizabeth Dowdeswell (f)(Canada) (b. 1944) 1 Feb 1998 - 31 Mar 2006 Klaus Töpfer (Germany) (b. 1938) 1 Apr 2006 - 14 Jun 2006 Shafqat Kakakhel (Pakistan)(acting)(b. 1944) 15 Jun 2006 - 26 Jun 2016 Achim Steiner (Germany) (b. 1961) 27 Jun 2016 - Erik Solheim (Norway) (b. 1955)
UNEP membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`15 Dec 1972`	`58 member states serve on the` `Governing Councilin 4 year terms, seats are allocated according to geographical regions.`

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

[United Nations Industrial
Development Organization]
Adopted 1 Jan 1986

UNIDO website Headquarters: Vienna
(Austria)

17 Nov 1966 United Nations Industrial Development Program (UNIDP), created as an autonomous body of the United Nations.21 Jun 1985 Renamed United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). 1 Jan 1986 UNIDO a separate specialized agency of the United Nations.

Executive Directors 1 Jan 1967 - 1974 Ibrahim Helmi Abdel-Rahman (Egypt) (b. 1919 - d. 1998) 1 Jan 1975 - Aug 1985 Abd-El Rahman Khane (Algeria) (b. 1931) Directors-general Aug 1985 - Jan 1993 Domingo L. Siazon, Jr. (Philippines) (b. 1939 - d. 2016) Jan 1993 - Mar 1993 Louis Alexandrenne (Senegal)(acting) (b. 1933) Mar 1993 - Dec 1997 Mauricio de María y Campos (Mexico) (b. 1943) Dec 1997 - 8 Dec 2005 Carlos Alfredo Magariños (b. 1962) (Argentina) 8 Dec 2005 - 28 Jun 2013 Kandeh K. Yumkella (Sierra Leone) (b. 1959) 28 Jun 2013 - Li Yong (China) (b. 1951)

UNIDO membership (168)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

21 Jun 1985 Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia¹, Austria, Barbados, Belgium², Byelorussian S.S.R.³, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada⁴, Cape Verde⁵, Chile, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia⁶, Denmark⁷, Dominican Republic, East Germany⁸, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France⁹, Greece¹⁰, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, The Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal¹¹, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Soviet Union¹², Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukrainian S.S.R.¹³, United Kingdom¹⁴, United States¹⁵, Uruguay, Venezuela, West Germany⁸, Yugoslavia¹⁶, Zambia, Zimbabwe

24 Jun 1985 North Korea

25 Jun 1985 Togo

27 Jun 1985 Iraq

28 Jun 1985 Bangladesh, The Sudan

1 Jul 1985 Nicaragua

2 Jul 1985 Hungary

8 Jul 1985 Zaire¹⁷

12 Jul 1985 Congo (Brazzaville)

15 Jul 1985 Trinidad and Tobago

16 Jul 1985 Burkina Faso

17 Jul 1985 Mali

18 Jul 1985 Paraguay

19 Jul 1985 Guyana, Malawi, New Zealand¹⁸, Vietnam

29 Jul 1985 Yemen (Aden)¹⁹

30 Jul 1985 Colombia, Ghana, Kuwait, Morocco

1 Aug 1985 United Arab Emirates

5 Aug 1985 Haiti

6 Aug 1985 Gabon, Lebanon

8 Aug 1985 Benin, Libya, Nepal

9 Aug 1985 Angola, Burundi, Iran, Mauritania

14 Aug 1985 Yemen (Sana)¹⁹

15 Aug 1985 Sierra Leone

19 Aug 1985 Seychelles

23 Aug 1985 Bhutan

3 Sep 1985 Laos

28 Oct 1985 Jordan

13 Nov 1985 Mozambique

15 Nov 1985 Somalia

19 Nov 1985 Saint Lucia

27 Nov 1985 Dominica

5 Dec 1985 Uganda

9 Dec 1985 Qatar

11 Dec 1985 Saint Kitts and Nevis

24 Dec 1985 Suriname

9 Jan 1986 Comoros

16 Jan 1986 Grenada

20 Jan 1986 Equatorial Guinea

21 Feb 1986 Namibia²⁰

27 Feb 1986 Belize

3 Apr 1986 Swaziland

4 Apr 1986 Bahrain

14 Apr 1986 São Tomé and Príncipe

12 Jun 1986 The Gambia

13 Aug 1986 Tonga

10 Sep 1986 Papua New Guinea

13 Nov 1986 The Bahamas

30 Mar 1987 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

17 Aug 1987 Vanuatu

26 Oct 1987 Costa Rica

29 Jan 1988 El Salvador

19 Apr 1988 Albania

10 May 1988 Maldives

12 Apr 1990 Myanmar

10 May 1990 Liberia

20 Aug 1991 Djibouti

22 Aug 1991 Chad

17 Oct 1991 Lithuania²¹

12 May 1992 Armenia

2 Jun 1992 Croatia

11 Jun 1992 Slovenia

1 Oct 1992 Bosnia and Hercegovina

30 Oct 1992 Georgia

20 Jan 1993 Slovakia²²

22 Jan 1993 Czech Republic

8 Apr 1993 Kyrgyzstan

27 May 1993 Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)

1 Jun 1993 Moldova

9 Jun 1993 Tajikistan

23 Nov 1993 Azerbaijan

26 Apr 1994 Uzbekistan

16 Feb 1995 Turkmenistan

20 Jun 1995 Eritrea

18 Sep 1995 Cambodia

3 Jun 1997 Kazakhstan

24 Oct 2000 South Africa

6 Dec 2000 Serbia and Montenegro¹⁶

23 Jan 2003 Monaco

31 Jul 2003 Timor-Leste

22 Nov 2006 Montenegro

11 Dec 2008 Samoa

27 Oct 2011 Tuvalu

16 Mar 2015 Marshall Islands

9 Feb 2016 Kiribati

17 May 2018 Palestine

¹Australia withdrew 31 Dec 1988, rejoined 1 Jan 1992; withdrew again 31 Dec 1997.²Belgiumwithdrew on 31 Dec 2015.³from 1991 Belarus.⁴Canada withdrew 31 Dec 1993.⁵from 2013 Cabo Verde.⁶Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁷Denmark withdrew 31 Dec 2016.⁸East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.⁹France withdrew 31 Dec 2014.¹⁰Greece withdrew 31 Dec 2016.¹¹Portugal withdrew 31 Dec 2014. ¹²Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.¹³from 1991 Ukraine.¹⁴U.K. withdrew31 Dec 2012. ¹⁵U.S. withdrew 31 Dec 1996.¹⁶Yugoslavia expelled 2 Jul 1993, readmitted 6 Dec 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.¹⁷from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa).¹⁸New Zealand withdrew31 Dec 2013.¹⁹Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 22 May 1990.²⁰until 21 Mar 1990 the United Nations Council for Namibia.²¹Lithuania withdrew 31 Dec 2012. ²²Slovakiawithdrew 31 Dec 2017.

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

[UNRWA flag]

UNRWA website

Headquarters: Amman (Jordan)
and Gaza City (Gaza Strip)
(Beirut, Lebanon 1950-1978; Vienna, Austria 1978-1996)

8 Dec 1949 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) established as a UN agency. 1 May 1950 Operations begin. Commissioners-General 1 May 1950 - 30 Jun 1951 Howard Kennedy (Canada) (b. 1892 - d. 19..) 1 Jul 1951 - 7 Mar 1953 John B. Blandford, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1898 - d. 1972) 7 Mar 1953 - 15 Jun 1954 Leslie J. Carver (U.K.) (1st time) (acting) 15 Jun 1954 - 15 Jun 1958 Henry Richardson Labouisse (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 1987) 15 Jun 1958 - 15 Apr 1959 Leslie J. Carver (U.K.) (2nd time) (acting) 15 Feb 1959 - 31 Dec 1963 John H. Davis (U.S.) (b. 1904 - d. 1988) 1 Jan 1964 - 14 May 1971 Laurence V. Michelmore (U.S.) (b. 1909 - d. 1997) 15 May 1971 - 31 Mar 1977 Sir John Shaw Rennie (U.K.) (b. 1917 - d. 2002) 1 Apr 1977 - 15 Apr 1979 Thomas W. McElhiney (U.S.) (b. 1919 - d. 1998) 15 Apr 1979 - 9 Jul 1979 Alan J. Brown (U.K.) (acting) 9 Jul 1979 - 31 Oct 1985 Olof Rydbeck (Sweden) (b. 1913 - d. 1995) 1 Nov 1985 - 28 Feb 1991 Giorgio Giacomelli (Italy) (b. 1930 - d. 2017) 1 Mar 1991 - 29 Feb 1996 İlter Türkmen (Turkey) (b. 1927) 1 Mar 1996 - 31 Mar 2005 Peter Hansen (Denmark) (b. 1941) 1 Apr 2005 - 31 Dec 2009 Karen Koning AbuZayd (f) (U.S.) (b. 1941) (acting to 28 Jun 2005) 1 Jan 2010 - 29 Mar 2014 Filippo Grandi (Italy) (b. 1957) (acting to 20 Jan 2010)30 Mar 2014 - Pierre Krähenbühl (Switzerland) (b. 1966)

UNRWA Advisory Committee membership (27)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`8 Dec 1949`	`France, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States`
`13 Oct 1952`	`Syria`
`19 Dec 1952`	`Jordan`
`24 Feb 1953`	`Egypt`
`12 Feb 1954`	`Belgium`
`29 Dec 1954`	`Lebanon`
`13 Dec 1972`	`Japan`
`8 Dec 2005`	`Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland`
`18 Dec 2008`	`Finland, Ireland`
`10 Dec 2010`	`Kuwait`
`12 Jan 2012`	`Luxembourg`
`9 Dec 2014`	`Brazil, United Arab Emirates`

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)

Headquarters: Washington, D.C.
(U.S.)

9 Nov 1943 United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) established as independent international relief agency.24 Oct 1945 Becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.31 Mar 1949 Dissolved, functions transferred to several UN agencies, including the International Refugee Organization (IRO).Directors-general(all from U.S.) 1 Jan 1944 - 31 Mar 1946 Herbert H. Lehman (b. 1878 - d. 1963) 1 Apr 1946 - 31 Dec 1946 Fiorello H. La Guardia (b. 1882 - d.1947) 1 Jan 1947 - 30 Sep 1948 Lowell Ward Rooks (b. 1893 - d. 1973) 1 Oct 1948 - 31 Mar 1949 Byron Price (acting) (b. 1891 - d. 1981)
UNRRA membership (44)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`9 Nov 1943`	`Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France¹, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia`
`¹until 3 Jun 1944represented by the "Free" French.`

Universal Postal Union (UPU)

(from 1967) 1970 - 2007

Adopted 2007

UPU website

Headquarters: Berne (Switzerland)

UPU Day: 9 Oct (1874)
World Post Day

1 Jul 1875 General Postal Union established. 1 Jun 1878 Universal Postal Union (UPU). 1 Jul 1948 UPU a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Directors(all from Switzerland) 1875 - 14 Jun 1892 Eugène Borel (b. 1835 - d. 1892) 1893 - 30 Jan 1899 Edmond Höhn (b. 1838 - d. 1899) 1899 - 25 Oct 1919 Eugène Ruffy (b. 1854 - d. 1919) 1920 - 14 Jan 1925 Camille Decoppet (b. 1862 - d. 1925) 1925 - 1937 Evaristo Garbani-Nerini (b. 1867 - d. 1944) 1938 - 18 Nov 1944 Reinhold Furrer (b. 1875 - d. 1944) 1945 - 1949 Alois Muri (b. 1879 - d. 1971) 1950 - 1960 Fritz Hess (b. 1895 - d. 1970) 1961 - 7 Jul 1964 Edouard Weber (b. 1901 - d. 1970) Directors-general 7 Jul 1964 - 1966 Edouard Weber (Switzerland) (s.a.) 1967 - 20 Jan 1973 Michel Rahi (Egypt) (b. 1912 - d. 1973) 18 May 1973 - 31 Dec 1974 Anthony H. Ridge (U.K.) (b. 1913 - d. 2010) 1 Jan 1975 - 31 Dec 1984 Muhammad Ibrahim Sobhi (Egypt) (b. 1925) 1 Jan 1985 - 31 Dec 1994 Adwaldo Cardoso Botto de Barros (b. 1925 - d. 2015) (Brazil) 1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2004 Thomas Edward Leavey (U.S.) (b. 1934) 1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2012 Édouard Dayan (France) (b. 1943) 1 Jan 2013 - Bishar Abdirahman Hussein (Kenya)

UPU membership (192)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`1 Jul 1875`	`Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia¹, Serbia², Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey³, United Kingdom, United States`
`1 Jan 1876`	`France`
`1 Jul 1876`	`India`
`1 Jun 1877`	`Japan`
`1 Jul 1877`	`Brazil`
`1 Sep 1877`	`Persia⁴`
`1 Apr 1878`	`Argentina`
`1 Jul 1878`	`Canada`
`1 Jan 1879`	`Bulgaria`
`1 Apr 1879`	`El Salvador, Honduras, Liberia, Mexico, Peru`
`1 Jan 1880`	`Venezuela`
`1 Jul 1880`	`Ecuador, Uruguay`
`1 Oct 1880`	`Dominican Republic`
`1 Jan 1881`	`Hawaii⁵`
`1 Apr 1881`	`Chile`
`1 Jul 1881`	`Colombia, Haiti, Paraguay`
`1 Aug 1881`	`Guatemala`
`1 May 1882`	`Nicaragua`
`1 Jan 1883`	`Costa Rica`
`1 Jul 1885`	`Siam⁶`
`1 Jan 1886`	`Congo (Léopoldville)⁷`
`1 Apr 1886`	`Bolivia`
`1 Jul 1888`	`Tunisia`
`1 Jan 1893`	`South-African Republic⁸`
`1 Dec 1895`	`Zanzibar⁹`
`1 Jan 1898`	`Orange Free State¹⁰`
`1 Jan 1900`	`Korea¹¹`
`1 Jul 1902`	`Crete¹²`
`4 Oct 1902`	`Cuba`
`11 Jun 1904`	`Panama`
`1 Oct 1907`	`Australia, New Zealand, South Africa¹³`
`1 Nov 1908`	`Ethiopia`
`1 Mar 1914`	`China¹⁴`
`1 Jul 1915`	`San Marino`
`12 Feb 1918`	`Finland`
`1 May 1919`	`Poland`
`15 Nov 1919`	`Iceland`
`18 May 1920`	`Czechoslovakia¹⁵`
`1 Sep 1920`	`Saarland¹⁶`
`1 Oct 1920`	`Morocco, Tangier¹⁷`
`1 Oct 1921`	`Danzig¹⁸`
`24 Dec 1921`	`Yugoslavia²`
`1 Jan 1922`	`Philippines`
`1 Mar 1922`	`Albania`
`6 Sep 1923`	`Ireland`
`1 Jan 1927`	`Hejaz and Nejd¹⁹`
`1 Apr 1928`	`Afghanistan`
`22 Apr 1929`	`Iraq`
`1 Jun 1929`	`Vatican City`
`1 Jan 1930`	`Yemen (Sana)²⁰`
`12 May 1931`	`Lebanon, Syria²¹`
`13 May 1947`	`Byelorussian S.S.R.²², Ukrainian S.S.R.²³`
`16 May 1947`	`Transjordan²⁴`
`Sep 1947`	`Trieste²⁵`
`10 Nov 1947`	`Pakistan`
`20 Sep 1948`	`Indonesia`
`13 Jul 1949`	`Ceylon²⁶`
`4 Oct 1949`	`Burma²⁷`
`17 Dec 1949`	`South Korea`
`24 Dec 1949`	`Israel`
`20 Oct 1951`	`Vietnam²⁸`
`21 Dec 1951`	`Cambodia`
`20 May 1952`	`Laos`
`4 Jun 1952`	`Libya`
`12 Oct 1955`	`Monaco`
`27 Jul 1956`	`The Sudan`
`11 Oct 1956`	`Nepal`
`10 Oct 1957`	`Ghana`
`17 Jan 1958`	`Malaya²⁹`
`1 Apr 1959`	`Somalia`
`6 May 1959`	`Guinea`
`16 Feb 1960`	`Kuwait`
`26 Jul 1960`	`Cameroon`
`21 Apr 1961`	`Mali`
`27 Apr 1961`	`Dahomey³⁰`
`23 May 1961`	`Ivory Coast³¹`
`12 Jun 1961`	`Niger`
`14 Jun 1961`	`Senegal`
`23 Jun 1961`	`Chad`
`28 Jun 1961`	`Central African Republic`
`5 Jul 1961`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`10 Jul 1961`	`Nigeria`
`17 Jul 1961`	`Gabon`
`2 Nov 1961`	`Madagascar³²`
`23 Nov 1961`	`Cyprus`
`29 Jan 1962`	`Sierra Leone`
`21 Mar 1962`	`Togo`
`13 Apr 1962`	`Liechtenstein`
`29 Mar 1963`	`Tanganyika⁹, Upper Volta³³`
`6 Apr 1963`	`Burundi, Rwanda`
`14 Jun 1963`	`Dubai³⁴`
`15 Jun 1963`	`Trinidad and Tobago`
`24 Aug 1963`	`Mongolia`
`29 Aug 1963`	`Jamaica`
`13 Feb 1964`	`Uganda`
`28 May 1964`	`Algeria`
`27 Oct 1964`	`Kenya`
`21 May 1965`	`Malta`
`8 Jan 1966`	`Singapore`
`25 Oct 1966`	`Malawi`
`31 Dec 1966`	`Abu Dhabi³⁴`
`22 Mar 1967`	`Guyana, Mauritania, Zambia`
`15 Aug 1967`	`Maldives`
`6 Sep 1967`	`Lesotho`
`11 Nov 1967`	`Barbados`
`12 Jan 1968`	`Botswana`
`28 Jun 1968`	`Yemen (Aden)²⁰`
`31 Jan 1969`	`Qatar`
`7 Mar 1969`	`Bhutan`
`17 Apr 1969`	`Nauru`
`29 Aug 1969`	`Mauritius`
`7 Nov 1969`	`Swaziland`
`24 Jul 1970`	`Equatorial Guinea`
`18 Jun 1971`	`Fiji`
`17 Aug 1971`	`Oman`
`26 Jan 1972`	`Tonga`
`7 Feb 1973`	`Bangladesh`
`30 Mar 1973`	`United Arab Emirates`
`1 Jun 1973`	`East Germany³⁵`
`21 Dec 1973`	`Bahrain`
`24 Apr 1974`	`The Bahamas`
`30 May 1974`	`Guinea-Bissau`
`6 Jun 1974`	`North Korea`
`9 Oct 1974`	`The Gambia`
`20 Apr 1976`	`Suriname`
`4 Jun 1976`	`Papua New Guinea`
`29 Jul 1976`	`Comoros`
`30 Sep 1976`	`Cape Verde³⁶`
`3 Mar 1977`	`Angola`
`22 Aug 1977`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`7 Oct 1977`	`Seychelles`
`30 Jan 1978`	`Grenada`
`6 Jun 1978`	`Djibouti`
`11 Oct 1978`	`Mozambique`
`31 Jan 1980`	`Dominica`
`10 Jul 1980`	`Saint Lucia`
`3 Feb 1981`	`Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tuvalu`
`31 Jul 1981`	`Zimbabwe`
`16 Jul 1982`	`Vanuatu`
`1 Oct 1982`	`Belize`
`4 May 1984`	`Solomon Islands`
`14 Aug 1984`	`Kiribati`
`15 Jan 1985`	`Brunei Darussalam`
`11 Jan 1988`	`Saint Kitts and Nevis`
`9 Aug 1989`	`Western Samoa³⁷`
`10 Jan 1992`	`Lithuania³⁸`
`30 Apr 1992`	`Estonia³⁹, Namibia`
`17 Jun 1992`	`Latvia⁴⁰`
`20 Jul 1992`	`Croatia⁴¹`
`27 Aug 1992`	`Kazakhstan, Slovenia`
`14 Sep 1992`	`Armenia`
`16 Nov 1992`	`Moldova`
`26 Jan 1993`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina⁴², Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan`
`18 Mar 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia⁴³`
`1 Apr 1993`	`Azerbaijan, Georgia`
`12 Jul 1993`	`Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`19 Aug 1993`	`Eritrea`
`20 Jan 1994`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`24 Feb 1994`	`Uzbekistan`
`9 Jun 1994`	`Tajikistan`
`18 Jun 2001`	`Serbia and Montenegro²`
`28 Nov 2003`	`Timor-Leste`
`26 Jul 2006`	`Montenegro⁴⁴`
`4 Oct 2011`	`South Sudan`
UN member countries whose situation with regard to the UPU has not yet been settled: `Andorra, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau`
UPU extended to overseas dependencies of:`Australia on 1 Oct 1907; Denmark on 1 Jul 1875; France on 1 Jul 1876; Germany on 1 Jun 1887; Italy on 1 Jul 1904; Japan on 1 Jan 1922; The Netherlands (incl. Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten) on 1 May 1877; New Zealand on 1 Oct 1907; Portugal on 1 Jul 1877; Spain on 1 May 1877; United Kingdom on 1 Apr 1877; and the United States on 25 Feb 1900.`
`¹from 30 Dec 1922 Soviet Union, dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.²Serbia as Yugoslavia from 24 Dec 1921;Yugoslavia not invited to UPU functions from 20 Oct 1998, officially readmitted 18 Jun 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.` `³Turkey as Ottoman Empire to 1920.⁴from 1935 Iran.⁵from 12 Aug 1898 part of United States.⁶from 1941 Thailand.⁷Congo Free State to 1908; 1908-1960 Belgian Congo; 1960-1966 Congo (Léopoldville); 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire; independent UPU member from 1 Jul 1960.⁸South African Rep. was from 1900 British colony of Transvaal; from 1910 part of South Africa.⁹Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged 26 Apr 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed Tanzania 1 Nov 1964.¹⁰Orange Free State from 1900 British Orange River Colony; from 1910 part of South Africa.¹¹Korea annexed to Japan 29 Aug 1910 - 12 Sep 1945.¹²Crete from 30 May 1913 part of Greece.¹³South Africa was excluded from 1964 then suspended 22 Jun 1984 - 22 Aug 1994, unconstitutionally expelled 18 Sep 1979 - 19 Jun 1981.¹⁴the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 13 Apr 1972, when the UPU voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China; from 13 Apr 1972 Taiwan UPU status as Taiwan province of China.¹⁵Czechoslovakia as Bohemia and Moravia 7 Oct 1939 - May 1945; dissolved 31 Dec 1992.¹⁶Saarland united with Germany13 Jan 1935; Saar reconstituted under French rule31 Jul 1945-31 Dec 1956, united with Federal Republic of Germany 1 Jan 1957.¹⁷Tangier from 1956 part of Morocco.¹⁸Danzig annexed to Germany 1 Sep 1939 - 7 Apr 1945, then annexed to Poland.¹⁹Hejaz and Nejd from 1932 Saudi Arabia.²⁰Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united 1990.²¹1958 - 1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria; in 1961 Syria left the union and resumed its separate membership.²²from 1991 Belarus.²³from 1991 Ukraine.²⁴from 1949 Jordan.²⁵Trieste a member to Mar 1955; Anglo-US zone part of Italy from 26 Oct 1954.²⁶from 1972 Sri Lanka.²⁷from 1989 Myanmar.²⁸from 2 Jul 1976 North Vietnam and South Vietnam united as Socialist Republic of Vietnam.²⁹from 1963 Malaysia.³⁰from 1975 Benin.³¹from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.³²to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.³³from 1984 Burkina Faso.³⁴Abu Dhabimembership transferred to United Arab Emirates 30 Mar 1973.³⁵East Germany from 3 Oct 1990 united with Federal Republic of Germany.³⁶from 2013 Cabo Verde.³⁷from 1997 Samoa.³⁸Lithuania a former UPU member 1 Jan 1922 - 3 Aug 1940.³⁹Estonia a former UPU member 7 Jul 1922 - 6 Aug 1940.⁴⁰Latvia a UPU former member 1 Oct 1921 - 5 Aug 1940.⁴¹Croatia a former UPU member 7 Apr 1942 - May 1945.⁴²Bosnia and Hercegovina a former UPU member 1 Jul 1892 - 24 Dec 1921.⁴³Slovakia a UPU former member 17 Jun 1939 - Apr 1945.⁴⁴Montenegro a former UPU member 1 Jul 1875 - 1 Dec 1918; part of Yugoslavia 1 Dec 1918 - 4 Feb 2003; called Serbia and Montenegro from 4 Feb 2003 - 5 Jun 2006.`

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)


5 Aug 1991 - 24 Jun 2005

Adopted 24 Jun 2005

UNPO website

UNPO Covenant
(11 Feb 1991)

Headquarters: The Hague
(Netherlands)

UNPO Day: 11 Feb (1991)
International Day
of Action

11 Feb 1991 Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)

Secretaries-general 11 Feb 1991 - 16 Mar 1998 Michael van Walt van Praag (b. 1951) (The Netherlands) Jul 1997 - 16 Mar 1998 Tsering Jampa (Tibet) (b. 1955) (acting for van Praag) 16 Mar 1998 - 23 Oct 1999 Helen S. Corbett (f) (b. 1953) (Australian Aboriginals) 23 Oct 1999 - 14 Nov 2003 Erkin Alptekin (Uyghurs) (b. 1939) (acting to 14 Feb 2001) 14 Nov 2003 - Marino Busdachin (Italy) (b. 1956)Executive Director 19 Jan 2002 - 31 Dec 2002 Karl von Habsburg (Austria) (b. 1961)

Chairmen of the General AssemblyFeb 1991 - Jan 1993 Linnart Mäll (Estonia) (b. 1938 - d. 2010) Jan 1993 - Jul 1997 Erkin Alptekin (Uyghurs) (s.a.) Jul 1997 - Feb 2001 Seif Sharif Hamad (Zanzibar) (b. 1943) Feb 2001 - Jun 2005 John J. Nimrod (Assyrians) (b. 1922 - d. 2009) Jun 2005 - 28 Oct 2006 Göran Hansson (Scania) (b. 1941) Presidents of the General Assembly 28 Oct 2006 - 28 May 2010 Ledum Mitee (Ogoni) (b. 1957) 28 May 2010 - 4 Jul 2015 Ngawang Choephel (Tibet) (b. 1958) 4 Jul 2015 - Nasser Boladai (West Balochistan) (b. 1965)

Treasurers 17 May 2008 - 30 Nov 2012 Marco Perduca (Italy) (b. 1967) 30 Nov 2012 - Jeroen Zandberg (Netherlands)

UNPO membership (44)

Date of
Admission Member Nations and Peoples (followed by nation states currently within)

11 Feb 1991 Aboriginals of Australia (Australia)¹⁷, Armenia¹, Belau (Palau)², Cordillera (Philippines)²¹, Crimean Tatars (Ukraine), East Turkestan (China), Estonia³, Georgia⁴, Greek Minority in Albania (Albania)¹⁷, Iraqi Kurdistan (Iraq)²⁰, Latvia⁵, Taiwan (China), Tatarstan (Russia)⁶, Tibet (China), West Papua (Indonesia)⁷

6 Aug 1991 Abkhazia (Georgia), Acheh (Indonesia)²⁵, Assyria (Iraq, Syria, Turkey), Bougainville (Papua New Guinea)⁶, Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bangladesh), Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (Russia)⁸, Kosova (Serbia), Mari (Russia)⁹, South Moluccas (Indonesia)²¹, Iraqi Turkmen (Iraq), Zanzibar (Tanzania)²⁰

17 Jan 1993 Batawa (Rwanda), Chuvash (Russia)⁶, East Timor¹⁰, Inkeri (Russia)⁹, Komi (Russia)⁹, Sanjak (Serbia, Montenegro)¹⁶, Udmurt (Russia)¹⁸

19 Jan 1993 Karenni State (Myanmar)¹⁷, Mapuche (Argentina, Chile)²³, Nagalim (India, Myanmar), Ogoni (Nigeria), Scania (Sweden)¹⁶

24 Jan 1993 Khalistan (India)¹¹

3 Aug 1993 Kalahui Hawaii (United States)¹⁷, Sakha (Russia)¹²

16 Apr 1994 Albanians in Macedonia (Macedonia Former Yugoslav Republic)⁶, Circassia (Russia)²², Gagauzia (Moldova)¹³

30 Jul 1994 Hungarian Minority in Romania (Romania), Ingushetia (Russia)⁶, Lakota (United States)¹³, Maohi (French Polynesia)¹³

3 Feb 1996 Bashkortostan (Russia)¹², Buryatia (Russia)¹⁵, Mon (Myanmar)¹⁷, Tuva (Russia)¹⁵

17 Apr 1997 Cabinda (Angola)¹⁶, Kumyk (Russia)⁶, Shan (Myanmar)¹⁴

23 Sep 1998 Nuxalk Nation (Canada)⁶, Rusyn (Ukraine)¹³

15 Jul 2001 Chin (Myanmar)²⁴, Khmer Krom (Vietnam)

19 Jan 2002 Sindh (Pakistan)

14 Nov 2003 Ahwazi (Iran), Degar-Montagnards (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam)²³, Vhavenda (South Africa)²⁰

19 Dec 2004 Oromo (Ethiopia), Southern Cameroons (Cameroon)¹⁹, Buffalo River Dene Nation (Canada)⁹, Maasai (Kenya)¹⁷, Nahua Del Alto Balsas (Mexico)¹⁸, Somaliland (Somalia)

26 Jun 2005 West Balochistan (Iran), Talysh (Azerbaijan)²⁵

2 Feb 2007 Tsimshian (Canada)¹⁶, Inner Mongolia (China), Rehoboth Basters (Namibia), Iranian Kurdistan (Iran), Hmong (Laos), Southern Azerbaijan (Iran)

1 Mar 2008 Balochistan (Pakistan)

15 May 2008 Afrikaner (South Africa), Burma (Myanmar)¹⁵

20 Sep 2008 Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan)

6 Feb 2010 Ogaden (Ethiopia)

26 Sep 2010 Moro (Philippines)¹⁹

18 Sep 2011 Haratin (Mauritania)

7 Jul 2012 Lezgin (Dagestan [Russia])

22 Nov 2013 Barotseland (Zambia)

28 Jun 2014 Savoy (France)

28 Nov 2014 Sulu (Philippines), Amazigh (North Africa)²⁴, Trieste (Italy, Slovenia & Croatia)

1 Jul 2015 Bretagne (France)

6 Nov 2015 District of Columbia (U.S.)

29 Apr 2016 South Arabia (Southern Yemen)²⁶

13 May 2017 Bellah People (Mali), Kabylia (Algeria)

26 Jun2017 Chameria (Greece)²⁷

14 Oct 2017 Madhesh (Nepal)

31 Oct 2017 Western Togoland (Ghana)

¹withdrew 2 Mar 1992.²withdrew 15 Dec 1994. ³withdrew 17 Sep 1991.⁴withdrew 31 Jul 1992. ⁵withdrew 17 Sep 1991.⁶membership discontinued 1 Mar 2008.⁷membership suspended 20 Sep 2008; re-admitted 22 Nov 2013.⁸membershipsuspended 25 Sep 2010.⁹membership suspended 9 Oct 2009. ¹⁰withdrew 27 Sep 2002.¹¹membership of Council of Khalistan discontinued4 Aug 1993, suspension made permanent 22 Jan 1995.¹²withdrew 30 Jun 1998.¹³membership discontinued 1 Dec 2007.¹⁴membershipsuspended 6 Feb 2010. ¹⁵membershipsuspended 13 Feb 2010. ¹⁶membershipsuspended 18 Sep 2011. ¹⁷membershipsuspended 7 Jul 2012. ¹⁸membershipsuspended 6 Jul 2013.¹⁸membershipsuspended 20 Sep 2008.¹⁹membership suspended 28 Nov 2014.²⁰membership suspended 1 Jul 2015.²¹South Moluccas membership suspended 6 Nov 2015 - 29 Apr 2016.²²membership suspended 6 Nov 2015 ²³membership suspended 29 Apr 2016.²⁴membership suspended 26 Nov 2016.²⁵Achehand Talysh membership discontinued 1 Mar 2008, re-admitted 28 Jun 2014.²⁶suspended from Oct? 2017.²⁷previously admitted Jan 1995, suspended 28 Oct 1996.

Warsaw Treaty Organization (Warsaw Pact)

[Warsaw Pact badge
Union of peace and socialism]
Badge (No Flag Adopted)

Warsaw Security Pact
(14 May 1955) Headquarters: Moscow
(Soviet Union) WTO Day: 1 May (1955)
May Day

1 May 1955 Warsaw Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance signed (Warsaw Treaty Organization) (effective 6 Jun 1955). 26 Nov 1976 Joint secretariat established. 1 Apr 1991 Dissolution of military structures. 1 Jul 1991 Officially dissolved in accordance with a protocol calling for a "transition to all-European structures" Commanders-in-chief of the Unified Armed Forces(all from Soviet Union) 14 May 1955 - 23 Jul 1960 Ivan Stepanovich Konev (b. 1897 - d. 1973) 23 Jul 1960 - 7 Jul 1967 Andrey Antonovich Grechko (b. 1903 - d. 1976) 7 Jul 1967 - 30 Nov 1976 Ivan Ignatyevich Yakubovskiy (b. 1912 - d. 1976) 8 Jan 1977 - 2 Feb 1989 Viktor Georgiyevich Kulikov (b. 1921 - d. 2013) 2 Feb 1989 - 26 Apr 1991 Pyotr Georgiyevich Lushev (b. 1923 - d. 1997) Chiefs of General Staff of the Unified Armed Forces(all from Soviet Union) 14 May 1955 - 18 Jun 1962 Aleksey Innokentyevich Antonov (b. 1896 - d. 1962) 29 Oct 1962 - 25 Nov 1965 Pavel Ivanovich Batov (b. 1897 - d. 1985) 25 Nov 1965 - 5 Aug 1968 Mikhail Ilyich Kazakov (b. 1901 - d. 1979) 5 Aug 1968 - 23 Apr 1976 Sergey Matveyevich Shtemenko (b. 1907 - d. 1976) 26 Oct 1976 - 25 Feb 1989 Anatoliy Ivanovich Gribkov (b. 1919 - d. 2008) 25 Feb 1989 - 31 Mar 1991 Vladimir Nikolayevich Lobov (b. 1935) Secretaries-general of the Political Consultative Committee 14 May 1955 - 24 May 1958 Aleksey Innokentyevich Antonov (s.a.) (Soviet Union) 24 May 1958 - 4 Feb 1960 NikolaySemyonovichPatolichev (b. 1908 - d. 1989) (Soviet Union) 4 Feb 1960 - 12 Feb 1983 Nikolay Pavlovich Firyubin (b. 1908 - d. 1983) (Firiubin) (Soviet Union) 5 Jan1983 - 6 Jan 1983 Dušan Spáčil (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1929) (acting for Firyubin) 12 Feb 1983 - 22 Oct 1985 Vacant 22Oct 1985 - 23 Oct 1985 Mariy Antonov Ivanov(Bulgaria) (b. 1919 - d. 1997)23 Oct 1985 - 11 Jun 1986 Miklós Barity (Hungary) (b. 1929)11 Jun 1986 - 29 May 1987 Herbert Krolikowski (East Germany) (b. 1924 - d. 2012) 29 May 1987 - 16 Jul 1988 Henryk Jaroszek (Poland) (b. 1926 - d. 2015) 16 Jul 1988 - 8 Jul 1989 Constantin Oancea(Romania) (b. 1928) 8 Jul 1989 - 7 Jun 1990 Ivan Pavlovich Aboymov (Aboimov) (b. 1936) (Soviet Union) 7 Jun 1990 - 1 Jul 1991 Zdeněk Matějka (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1935)

Warsaw Pact membership

Date of
Admission Member Nations

14 May 1955 Albania¹, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany², Hungary³, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union

¹non-participatory from 12 Dec 1961, withdrew 12 Sep 1968.²³withdrew 24 Sep 1990.³announced withdrawal 1 Nov 1956, which is cancelled 7 Nov 1956.

Western European Union (WEU)

[Western Union Defence
Organization 1949-1951]

WUDO 1949 - 1951

1990 - 26 Oct 1993

[Western European Union (WEU)
flag 1993-2011]

26 Oct 1993 - 30 Jun 2011

WEU website

Headquarters: Brussels
(Belgium); (WEU Assembly - Paris, France)

28 Sep 1948 – 20 Dec 1951 Western Union Defence Organization (WUDO)(Belgium, France, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, and U.K.) 23 Oct 1954 Western European Union founded. 6 May 1955 Charter effective.30 Jun 2011 WEU dissolved.

Secretaries-general 7 May 1955 - 14 Dec 1962 Louis Alexandre Marie Goffin (b. 1904 - d. 1975) (Belgium)15 Dec 1962 - 31 Dec 1970 Maurice Iweins d'Eeckhoutte (b. 1904 - d. 1976) (Belgium) 1 Jan 1971 - 30 Sep 1974 Georges Heisbourg (Luxembourg) (b. 1918 - d. 2008) 20 Oct 1974 - 24 Feb 1977 Friedrich-Karl von Plehwe (acting) (b. 1912 - d. 1989) (West Germany) 1 Mar 1977 - 31 May 1985 Frederic Theodoor Edouard (b. 1919 - d. 1986) Longerstaey (Belgium) 17 Jun 1985 - 11 May 1989 Alfred Cahen (Belgium) (b. 1929 - d. 2000) 15 May 1989 - 15 Nov 1994 Willem "Wim" Frederik van Eekelen (b. 1931) (Netherlands) 16 Nov 1994 - 24 Nov 1999 José Pires Cutileiro (Portugal) (b. 1934) 25 Nov 1999 - 24 Nov 2009 Francisco Javier Solana de (b. 1942) Madariaga (Spain) 25 Nov 2009 - 30 Jun 2011 Arnaud Marie Pierre André Jacomet (b. 1946 - d. 2011) (France)

(Flag of the
Assembly of the Western European Union)

Presidents of the Western European Union Assembly 5 Jul 1955 - 6 May 1957 John Scott Maclay (U.K.) (b. 1905 - d. 1992) 6 May 1957 - 15 Jun 1959 Sir James Riley Holt Hutchison, (b. 1893 - d. 1979) Baron Hutchison of Rossie in the County of Perth (U.K.) 15 Jun 1959 - 29 May 1961 Vittorio Badini Confalonieri (b. 1914 - d. 1993) (Italy) (1st time)29 May 1961 - 15 Jan 1963 Arthur Conte (France) (b. 1920 - d. 2013) 4 Jun 1963 - 13 Dec 1966 Carlo Schmid (West Germany) (b. 1896 - d. 1979) 13 Dec 1966 - 17 Jun 1969 Vittorio Badini Confalonieri (s.a.) (Italy) (2nd time)17 Jun 1969 - 5 Jun 1972 Georges Housiaux (Belgium) (b. 1914 - d. 1989) 5 Jun 1972 - 18 Jun 1974 William John Peel (U.K.) (b. 1912 - d. 2004) (from 1 Jan 1973, Sir William John Peel)18 Jun 1974 - 20 Jun 1977 Edmond Nessler (France) (b. 1907 - d. 2004)20 Jun 1977 - 2 Jun 1980 Kai-Uwe von Hassel (West Germany) (b. 1913 - d. 1997)20 Jun 1980 - 6 Jun 1983 Frederick "Fred" Mulley (U.K.) (b. 1918 - d. 1995) 6 Jun 1983 - 15 Mar 1984 Alfredo De Poi (Italy) (b. 1945 - d. 2010)15 Mar 1984 - 18 Jun 1984 Lucien Pignion (France)(acting) (b. 1914 - d. 1989) 18 Jun 1984 - 1 Jun 1987 Jean-Marie Caro (France) (b. 1929 - d. 2014) 1 Jun 1987 - 5 Jun 1990 Charles Goerens (Luxembourg) (b. 1952) 5 Jun 1990 - 20 Mar 1992 Robert Pontillon (France) (b. 1921 - d. 1992)20 Mar 1992 - 1 Jun 1992 Giuseppe Sinesio (Italy)(acting) (b. 1921 - d. 2002) 1 Jun 1992 - 14 Jun 1993 Hartmut Soell (Gemany) (b. 1939)14 Jun 1993 - 31 Dec 1996 Sir Dudley Gordon Smith (U.K.) (b. 1926 - d. 2016) 1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1999 Lluís María de Puig i Olivé (Spain)(b. 1945 - d. 2012) President of the Interim European Security and Defense Assembly 1 Jan 2000 - 31 Dec 2002 Klaus Bühler(Germany) (b. 1941) Presidents of the Inter-Parliamentary European Security and Defense Assembly 1 Jan 2003 - 2 Jul 2003 Jan Dirk Blaauw (Netherlands) (b. 1941) 3 Jul 2003 - 2 Dec 2003 Marcel Glesener (Luxembourg) (b. 1937) (1st time) (acting) 2 Dec 2003 - 19 Jul 2004 Armand De Decker (Belgium) (b. 1948) 20 Jul 2004 - 1 Dec 2004 Marcel Glesener (Luxembourg) (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 1 Dec 2004 - 7 Dec 2005 Stephan "Stef" Goris (Belgium) (b. 1960) 7 Dec 2005 - 3 Dec 2008 Jean-Pierre Masseret (France) (b. 1944) President of theEuropean Security and Defense Assembly 3 Dec 2008 - 10 May 2011 Robert John Walter (U.K.) (b. 1948)

Chairman, Commanders-in-chief Committee of the Western Union Defence Organization 5 Oct 1948 - 1951 Bernard Law Montgomery, Viscount (b. 1887 – d. 1976) Montgomery of Alamein (U.K.)

WEU membership (10)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

23 Oct 1954 Belgium, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg,
The Netherlands, United Kingdom

27 Mar 1990 Portugal, Spain

6 Mar 1995 Greece

Date of
Admission
Associate Members

20 Nov 1992 Iceland, Norway, Turkey

23 Mar 1999 Czech Reublic, Hungary, Poland

Date of
Admission
Associate Partners

9 May 1994 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia

25 Jun 1996 Slovenia

World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)

[World Bank- IBRD flag]
Adopted 1946

World Bank website Headquarters: Washington, DC
(United States)

27 Dec 1945 Articles of Agreement (adopted by the Bretton Woods Conference 22 Jul 1944) become effective. 25 Jun 1946 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (World Bank) begins operations.

Presidents (all from U.S.) 18 Jun 1946 - 17 Mar 1947 Eugene Meyer (b. 1875 - d. 1959) 17 Mar 1947 - 1 Jul 1949 John J. McCloy (b. 1895 - d. 1989) 1 Jul 1949 - 1 Jan 1963 Eugene R. Black (b. 1898 - d. 1992) 1 Jan 1963 - 1 Apr 1968 George Woods (b. 1901 - d. 1982) 1 Apr 1968 - 1 Jul 1981 Robert S. McNamara (b. 1916 - d. 2009) 1 Jul 1981 - 1 Jul 1986 Alden W. "Tom" Clausen (b. 1923 - d. 2013) 1 Jul 1986 - 1 Sep 1991 Barber B. Conable, Jr. (b. 1922 - d. 2003) 1 Sep 1991 - 4 May 1995 Lewis T. Preston (b. 1926 - d. 1995) 4 May 1995 - 1 Jun 1995 Richard H. Frank (acting) 1 Jun 1995 - 1 Jun 2005 James D. Wolfensohn (b. 1933) 1 Jun 2005 - 1 Jul 2007 Paul Wolfowitz (b. 1943) 1 Jul 2007 - 1 Jul 2012 Robert B. Zoellick (b. 1953) 1 Jul 2012 - Jim Young Kim (b. 1959)

World Bank membership (189)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

27 Dec 1945 Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, China¹, Czechoslovakia², Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Honduras, Iceland, India, Iraq, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia³

28 Dec 1945 Dominican Republic⁴, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay

29 Dec 1945 Iran

31 Dec 1945 Chile, Mexico, Peru

8 Jan 1946 Costa Rica

10 Jan 1946 Poland⁵

14 Jan 1946 Brazil

11 Mar 1946 Uruguay

14 Mar 1946 Cuba⁶, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama

30 Mar 1946 Denmark

24 Dec 1946 Colombia

30 Dec 1946 Venezuela

11 Mar 1947 Turkey

27 Mar 1947 Italy

10 Apr 1947 Syria⁷

14 Apr 1947 Lebanon

5 Aug 1947 Australia

14 Jan 1948 Finland

27 Aug 1948 Austria

3 May 1949 Thailand

11 Jul 1950 Pakistan

29 Aug 1950 Ceylon⁸

31 Aug 1951 Sweden

3 Jan 1952 Burma⁹

13 Aug 1952 Japan

14 Aug 1952 Federal Republic of Germany

29 Aug 1952 Jordan

8 Sep 1953 Haiti

15 Apr 1954 Indonesia

12 Jul 1954 Israel

14 Jul 1955 Afghanistan

26 Aug 1955 South Korea

20 Sep 1956 Argentina

21 Sep 1956 Vietnam¹⁰

8 Aug 1957 Ireland

26 Aug 1957 Saudi Arabia

5 Sep 1957 The Sudan

20 Sep 1957 Ghana

7 Mar 1958 Malaya¹¹

14 Apr 1958 Tunisia

25 Apr 1958 Morocco

15 Sep 1958 Spain

17 Sep 1958 Libya

29 Mar 1961 Portugal

30 Mar 1961 Nigeria

5 Jul 1961 Laos

31 Aug 1961 New Zealand

6 Sep 1961 Nepal

21 Dec 1961 Cyprus

28 Mar 1962 Liberia

1 Aug 1962 Togo

31 Aug 1962 Senegal, Somalia

10 Sep 1962 Sierra Leone, Tanganyika¹²

13 Sep 1962 Kuwait

21 Feb 1963 Jamaica

11 Mar 1963 Ivory Coast¹³

24 Apr 1963 Niger

2 May 1963 Upper Volta¹⁴

10 Jul 1963 Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey¹⁵

10 Sep 1963 Gabon, Mauritania

16 Sep 1963 Trinidad and Tobago

25 Sep 1963 Madagascar¹⁶

26 Sep 1963 Algeria

27 Sep 1963 Mali, Uganda

28 Sep 1963 Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa)¹⁷, Guinea

30 Sep 1963 Rwanda

3 Feb 1964 Kenya

19 Jul 1965 Malawi

23 Sep 1965 Zambia

3 Aug 1966 Singapore

26 Sep 1966 Guyana

18 Oct 1967 The Gambia

24 Jul 1968 Botswana

25 Jul 1968 Lesotho

23 Sep 1968 Mauritius

22 Sep 1969 Swaziland

3 Oct 1969 Yemen (Aden)¹⁸

22 May 1970 Yemen (Sana)¹⁸

1 Jul 1970 Equatorial Guinea

22 Jul 1970 Cambodia

28 May 1971 Fiji

23 Dec 1971 Oman

17 Aug 1972 Bangladesh

15 Sep 1972 Bahrain

22 Sep 1972 United Arab Emirates

25 Sep 1972 Qatar

15 Dec 1972 Romania

21 Aug 1973 The Bahamas

28 Jun 1974 Western Samoa¹⁹

12 Sep 1974 Barbados

27 Aug 1975 Grenada

9 Oct 1975 Papua New Guinea

28 Oct 1976 Comoros

24 Mar 1977 Guinea-Bissau

30 Sep 1977 São Tomé and Príncipe

13 Jan 1978 Maldives

27 Jun 1978 Suriname

22 Sep 1978 Solomon Islands

20 Nov 1978 Cape Verde²⁰

27 Jun 1980 Saint Lucia

29 Sep 1980 Dominica, Seychelles, Zimbabwe

1 Oct 1980 Djibouti

28 Sep 1981 Bhutan, Vanuatu

19 Mar 1982 Belize

7 Jul 1982 Hungary

31 Aug 1982 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

22 Sep 1983 Antigua and Barbuda

26 Sep 1983 Malta

15 Aug 1984 Saint Kitts and Nevis

24 Aug 1984 Mozambique

13 Sep 1985 Tonga

29 Sep 1986 Kiribati

19 Sep 1989 Angola

25 Sep 1990 Bulgaria, Namibia

14 Feb 1991 Mongolia

15 Oct 1991 Albania

21 May 1992 Marshall Islands

29 May 1992 Switzerland

16 Jun 1992 Russia

23 Jun 1992 Estonia

6 Jul 1992 Lithuania

10 Jul 1992 Belarus

23 Jul 1992 Kazakhstan

7 Aug 1992 Georgia

11 Aug 1992 Latvia

12 Aug 1992 Moldova

3 Sep 1992 Ukraine

16 Sep 1992 Armenia

18 Sep 1992 Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan

21 Sep 1992 Uzbekistan

22 Sep 1992 Turkmenistan

1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic, Slovakia

25 Feb 1993 Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of), Slovenia

4 Jun 1993 Tajikistan

24 Jun 1993 Federated States of Micronesia

6 Jul 1994 Eritrea

10 Oct 1995 Brunei Darussalam

16 Dec 1997 Palau

21 Sep 2000 San Marino

8 May 2001 Serbia and Montenegro³

23 Jul 2002 East Timor²¹

18 Jan 2007 Montenegro

29 Jun 2009
Kosovo

24 Jun 2010 Tuvalu

18 Apr 2012 South Sudan

12 Apr 2016 Nauru

¹Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 15 May 1980, when the World Bank voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.²Czechoslovakia expelled 5 Jan 1955; rejoined 20 Sep 1990; dissolved 31 Dec 1992, on 1 Jan 1993 succeededby Czech Republic and Slovakia. ³Yugoslavia expelled 25 Feb 1993; readmitted 8 May 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.⁴Dominican Republic withdrew 1 Dec 1960; rejoined 18 Sep 1961.⁵Poland withdrew 14 Mar 1950; rejoined 27 Jun 1986.⁶Cuba withdrew 14 Nov 1960.⁷1958-1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. Syria left World Bank 18 Jul 1958; On 28 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership on2 Nov 1961.⁸from 1972 Sri Lanka.⁹from 1989 Myanmar.¹⁰Republic of Vietnam to 30 Apr 1975, then Republic of South Vietnam, from 23 Aug 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam.¹¹from 1963 Malaysia.¹²from 1964 Tanzania.¹³from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.¹⁴from 1984 Burkina Faso.¹⁵from 1975 Benin.¹⁶to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.¹⁷Congo (Léopoldville) to 1966; 1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.¹⁸Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) merged 22 May 1990 as Yemen.¹⁹from 1997 Samoa.²⁰from 2013 Cabo Verde.²¹from 2003 Timor-Leste.

World Council of Churches (WCC): see under Religious Organizations

World Court: see International Court of Justice (ICJ)

World Customs Organization (WCO)

[World Customs Organization
(WCO) Flag]

Adopted 1993

WCO website

Headquarters: Brussels
(Belgium)

WCO Day: 26 Jan (1953)
International Customs Day

4 Nov 1952 Customs Cooperation Council (CCC). 22 Jun 1994 World Customs Organization (WCO) adopted as working name. Secretaries-general 2 Feb 1953 - 1 Aug 1953 Baron François de Sélys Longchamps (b. 1910 - d. 1958) (Belgium) 2 Aug 1953 - 31 Aug 1978 Chevalier Georges Annez de Taboada (b. 1913 - d. 1997) (Belgium) 1 Sep 1978 - 31 Dec 1983 Sir Ronald Walter Radford (U.K.) (b. 1916 - d. 1995) 1 Jan 1984 - 31 Dec 1988 Glenn R. Dickerson (U.S.) 1 Jan 1989 - 31 Dec 1993 Thomas P. Hayes (Australia) 1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1998 James W. Shaver (U.S.) 1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 2008 Michel Danet (France) (b. 1941 - d. 2009) 1 Jan 2009 - Kunio Mikuriya (Japan) (b. 1954)Chairmen of the Council26 Jan 1953 - 14 Jun 1954 Georges DeGois (France) (b. 1894 - d. 1963) 14 Jun 1954 - 25 Nov 1957 Arthur David Kemp Owen (U.K.) (b. 1904 - d. 1970)25 Nov 1957 - 30 Nov 1959 Willem Hendrikvan den Berge (b. 1905 - d. 1987) (The Netherlands) 30 Nov 1959 - 5 Dec 1961 Knud Korst (Denmark) (b. 1894 - d. 1962) 5 Dec 1961 - 4 Dec 1962 Josef Stangelberger (Austria) (b. 1898 - d. 1993) 4 Dec 1962 - 1 Dec 1964 Philippe Waldruchede Montremy (b. 1913 - d. 1994) (France) 1 Dec 1964 - 1 Jun 1965 Sir John Anderson (U.K.) (b. 1908? - d. 1965) 1 Jun 1965 - 30 Nov 1965 Ayodele Diyan(Nigeria) (acting) (d. 1968) 30 Nov 1965 - 30 Jun 1967 Charles Lenz (Switzerland) (b. 1912 - d. 2008) 1 Jul 1967 - 30 Jun 1969 Bartholomew Culligan(Ireland) 1 Jul 1969 - 30 Jun 1970 Víctor Castro Sanmartín (Spain) (b. 1917 - d. 2004) 1 Jul 1970 - 30 Jun 1972 Lennart Eriksson(Sweden) (b. 1922) 1 Jul 1972 - 30 Jun 1974 Hans Hutter (West Germany) (b. c.1920) 1 Jul 1974 - 30 Jun 1976 Shri Jasjit Singh (India) 1 Jul 1976 - 30 Jun 1978 Jiří Brož (Czechoslovakia) (b. 1929 - d. 2010) 1 Jul 1978 - 30 Jun 1980 Jack Alexander McLeod Kean (b. 1921 - d. 1987) (New Zealand) 1 Jul 1980 - 30 Jun 1982 James Peter Connell (Canada) (b. 1926 - d. 2012) 1 Jul 1982 - 30 Jun 1984 Jacques Campet (France) (b. 1927 - d. 2008) 1 Jul 1984 - 30 Jun 1986 Jorma Uitto (Finland) (b. 1921 - d. 2009) 1 Jul 1986 - 30 Jun 1987 Hubert Ndzomo Ndzana (Cameroon) 1 Jul 1987 - 30 Jun 1988 Abubakar Musa (Nigeria) 1 Jul 1988 - 30 Jun 1989 Björn Gustaf Eriksson (Sweden) (b. 1945) 1 Jul 1989 - 30 Jun 1991 Humberto Ríos Rodríguez(Spain) (b. 1948) 1 Jul 1991 - 30 Jun 1992 Sir Brian Unwin (U.K.) (b. 1935) 1 Jul 1992 - 30 Jun 1994 Jean-Dominique Comolli(France) (b. 1948) 1 Jul 1994 - 30 Jun 1996 Dame Valerie Strachan (f) (U.K.) (b. 1940) 1 Jul 1996 - 30 Jun 1998 Graeme W. Ludlow (New Zealand) 1 Jul 1998 - 30 Jun 2000 Enrique Guillermo Fanta Ivanovic (Chile) 1 Jul 2000 - Feb 2001 Obaid Saqr bin Busit (b. c.1960) (United Arab Emirates) Feb 2001 - 30 Jun 2001 John C. Tsang (Hong Kong) (interim)(b. 1951) 1 Jul 2001 -30 Jun 2006 Pravin Gordhan (South Africa) (b. 1949) 1 Jul 2006 - 30 Jun 2008 Tapani Erling (Finland) (b. 1945) 1 Jul 2008 - 30 Jun 2011 Martyn J. Dunne (New Zealand) (b. 1950) 1 Jul 2011 - 30 Jun 2014 Josephine Feehily (f) (Ireland) (b. 1956) 1 Jul 2014 - 16 Jul 2016 Zouhair Chorfi (Morocco) 16 Jul 2016 - 8 Jul 2017 Ruslan Valentinovich Davydov (b. 1960) (Russia) 8 Jul 2017 - Enrique Canon Pedragosa (Uruguay) (b. 1952)
WCO membership (182)

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`4 Nov 1952`	`Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, West Germany¹`
`20 Nov 1952`	`Italy`
`11 Dec 1952`	`Belgium`
`19 Dec 1952`	`Switzerland`
`21 Jan 1953`	`Austria`
`23 Jan 1953`	`Luxembourg, The Netherlands`
`26 Jan 1953`	`Portugal`
`16 Nov 1955`	`Pakistan`
`26 Oct 1956`	`Egypt`
`30 Apr 1957`	`Indonesia`
`31 Jan 1958`	`Haiti`
`23 May 1958`	`Israel`
`16 Oct 1959`	`Iran`
`3 Nov 1959`	`Syria`
`26 Apr 1960`	`Yugoslavia²`
`20 May 1960`	`Lebanon`
`8 Jun 1960`	`The Sudan`
`5 Jan 1961`	`Australia`
`27 Jan 1961`	`Finland`
`29 Mar 1963`	`Jamaica`
`16 May 1963`	`New Zealand`
`21 Aug 1963`	`Nigeria`
`2 Sep 1963`	`Ivory Coast³`
`1 Jan 1964`	`Jordan`
`18 Feb 1964`	`Madagascar⁴`
`3 Mar 1964`	`Rwanda`
`24 Mar 1964`	`South Africa`
`15 Jun 1964`	`Japan`
`30 Jun 1964`	`Malaysia`
`20 Oct 1964`	`Burundi`
`3 Nov 1964`	`Uganda`
`17 Nov 1964`	`Tanzania`
`18 Feb 1965`	`Gabon`
`9 Apr 1965`	`Cameroon`
`24 May 1965`	`Kenya`
`23 Sep 1965`	`Czechoslovakia⁵`
`6 Jun 1966`	`Malawi`
`1 Jul 1966`	`Chile`
`20 Jul 1966`	`Tunisia`
`16 Sep 1966`	`Upper Volta⁶`
`19 Dec 1966`	`Algeria`
`29 May 1967`	`Ceylon⁷`
`31 Aug 1967`	`Cyprus`
`1 Jul 1968`	`Argentina,` `Morocco`
`2 Jul 1968`	`South Korea`
`6 Jul 1968`	`Malta`
`1 Aug 1968`	`Ghana`
`16 Sep 1968`	`Hungary`
`15 Jan 1969`	`Romania`
`3 Oct 1969`	`Paraguay`
`27 Jan 1970`	`Peru`
`5 Nov 1970`	`United States`
`15 Feb 1971`	`Iceland, India`
`12 Oct 1971`	`Canada`
`4 Feb 1972`	`Thailand`
`26 Jul 1972`	`Zaire⁸`
`29 Mar 1973`	`Mauritus`
`8 May 1973`	`Saudi Arabia`
`1 Aug 1973`	`Bulgaria`
`6 Aug 1973`	`Ethiopia`
`15 Oct 1973`	`Trinidad and Tobago`
`17 Jul 1974`	`Poland`
`16 Aug 1974`	`The Bahamas`
`7 Jan 1975`	`Liberia`
`9 Jul 1975`	`Singapore`
`2 Sep 1975`	`Congo (Brazzaville)`
`6 Nov 1975`	`Sierra Leone`
`10 Mar 1976`	`Senegal`
`29 Jul 1976`	`Guyana`
`16 Sep 1977`	`Uruguay`
`1 Jul 1978`	`Bangladesh`
`2 Aug 1978`	`Lesotho`
`25 Aug 1978`	`Botswana`
`27 Sep 1978`	`Zambia`
`7 Feb 1979`	`United Arab Emirates`
`2 Oct 1979`	`Mauritania`
`1 Oct 1980`	`Philippines`
`19 Jan 1981`	`Brazil`
`19 Mar 1981`	`Zimbabwe`
`15 May 1981`	`Swaziland`
`1 Jul 1981`	`Niger`
`11 Jan 1983`	`Libya`
`18 Jul 1983`	`China`
`22 Feb 1985`	`Guatemala`
`22 Jul 1985`	`Nepal`
`28 Jul 1986`	`Central Africa Republic`
`1 Jul 1987`	`Hong Kong, Mozambique`
`7 Aug 1987`	`Mali`
`14 Oct 1987`	`The Gambia`
`8 Feb 1988`	`Mexico`
`11 Jul 1988`	`Cuba`
`12 Feb 1990`	`Togo`
`27 Mar 1990`	`East Germany¹`
`6 Jun 1990`	`Iraq`
`1 Jul 1990`	`Bermuda`
`26 Sep 1990`	`Angola`
`25 Mar 1991`	`Myanmar`
`8 Jul 1991`	`Soviet Union⁹`
`17 Sep 1991`	`Mongolia`
`30 Oct 1991`	`Guinea`
`4 May 1992`	`Qatar`
`17 Jun 1992`	`Azerbaijan`
`18 Jun 1992`	`Estonia, Lithuania`
`22 Jun 1992`	`Latvia`
`26 Jun 1992`	`Ukraine`
`30 Jun 1992`	`Armenia,` `Kazakhstan`
`1 Jul 1992`	`Cape Verde¹⁰, Namibia`
`28 Jul 1992`	`Uzbekistan`
`31 Aug 1992`	`Albania`
`7 Sep 1992`	`Slovenia`
`1 Jan 1993`	`Czech Republic, Slovakia`
`17 May 1993`	`Turkmenistan`
`1 Jul 1993`	`Colombia, Comoros, Croatia,` `Vietnam, Yemen`
`7 Jul 1993`	`Macau`
`4 Oct 1993`	`Kuwait`
`26 Oct 1993`	`Georgia`
`16 Dec 1993`	`Belarus`
`1 Jul 1994`	`Macedonia (former Yugoslav Republic of)`
`28 Oct 1994`	`Moldova`
`8 Aug 1995`	`Eritrea`
`8 Sep 1995`	`Maldives`
`8 Mar 1996`	`Panama`
`1 Jul 1996`	`Brunei Darussalam, Venezuela`
`1 Jul 1997`	`Fiji, Tajikistan`
`14 Aug 1997`	`Bolivia`
`16 Dec 1997`	`Ecuador`
`3 Sep 1998`	`Andorra`
`24 Sep 1998`	`Nicaragua`
`9 Nov 1998`	`Benin`
`7 Jan 1999`	`Barbados`
`10 Feb 2000`	`Kyrgyzstan`
`25 Jul 2000`	`Seychelles`
`11 Sep 2000`	`Oman`
`27 Mar 2001`	`Serbia and Montenegro²`
`3 Apr 2001`	`Cambodia`
`18 Apr 2001`	`Bahrain`
`1 Jul 2001`	`Netherlands Antilles¹¹`
`29 Aug 2001`	`Costa Rica`
`1 Oct 2001`	`Samoa`
`12 Feb 2002`	`Bhutan`
`18 Mar 2002`	`Papua New Guinea`
`19 Sep 2003`	`Timor-Leste`
`28 Jul 2004`	`Dominican Republic`
`10 Aug 2004`	`Afghanistan`
`16 Feb 2005`	`Chad`
`12 May 2005`	`Saint Lucia`
`1 Jul 2005`	`Tonga`
`7 Jul 2005`	`El Salvador`
`8 Dec 2005`	`Honduras`
`24 Oct 2006`	`Montenegro`
`16 Jan 2007`	`Laos`
`1 Jul 2007`	`European Union¹²`
`19 Mar 2008`	`Djibouti`
`22 Apr 2008`	`Belize`
`4 Jul 2008`	`Bosnia and Hercegovina`
`23 Sep 2009`	`São Tomé and Príncipe`
`17 Nov 2009`	`Vanuatu`
`19 Aug 2010`	`Guinea-Bissau`
`10 Oct 2010`	`Curaçao, Sint Maarten`
`18 Jul 2012`	`South Sudan`
`4 Oct 2012`	`Somalia`
`24 Mar 2015`	`Palestine`
`25 Jan 2017`	`Kosovo`
`10 Apr 2017`	`Antigua and Barbuda`
`¹East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.²from 7 Jul 1993 the CCC did not recognize the new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as its successor and ruled that it had to apply anew for membership, which it did and wasreadmitted 27 Mar 2001; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia.³from 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.⁴to 30 Dec 1975 Malagasy Republic.` `⁵Czechoslovakia dissolved 31 Dec 1992.` `⁶from 1984 Burkina Faso.⁷from 1972 Sri Lanka.⁸1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.⁹Soviet Union dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.¹⁰from 2013 Cabo Verde.¹¹Netherlands Antilles dissolved on 10 Oct 2010, succeededby Curaçao and Sint Maarten.¹²status akin to WCO membership; to 1 Nov 1993 named European Community.`

World Food Program (WFP)

[alternate spanish
version: Programa Alimentario Mundial (PAM)

WFP website Headquarters: Rome
(Italy)

24 Nov 1961 World Food Program (WFP) formed as a temporary UN program.20 Dec 1965 Made a permanent UN agency.

Executive Directors 1 Jun 1962 - 31 Dec 1967 Addeke Hendrik Boerma (Netherlands)(b. 1912 - d. 1992) 1 Jan 1968 - 1 Aug 1968 Sushil K. Dev (India)(acting) (b. 1907 - d. ....) 1 Aug 1968 - 15 May 1976 Francisco Aquino Herrera (b. 1919) (El Salvador) 17 May 1976 - 30 Sep 1977 Thomas C.M. Robinson (U.S.) (b. 1912 - d. 1992) (acting to 1 Jul 1977) 1 Oct 1977 - 29 Apr 1981 Garson N. Vogel (Canada) (b. 1918 - d. 1981) 12 May 1981 - 24 Feb 1982 Bernardo de Azevêdo Brito (Brazil) (b. 1935) (acting) 26 Feb 1982 - 4 Apr 1982 Juan Felipe Yriart (Uruguay) (b. 1920 - d. 2008) (acting) 5 Apr 1982 - 1 Apr 1992 James C. Ingram (Australia) (b. 1928) 1 Apr 1992 - 4 Apr 2002 Catherine Bertini (f) (U.S.) (b. 1950) 5 Apr 2002 - 4 Apr 2007 James T. Morris (U.S.) (b. 1943) 10 Apr 2007 - 4 Apr 2012 Josette Sheeran (f) (U.S.) (b. 1954) 5 Apr 2012 - 4 Apr 2017 Ertharin Cousin(f) (U.S.) (b. 1957) 4 Apr 2017 - David M. Beasley (U.S.) (b. 1957)

WFP membership

Date of Admission	Member Nations
`24 Nov 1961`	`36 memberExecutive Board consists of which 18 are elected by the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and 18 by the council of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), each serve a 3 year term and are eligible for re-election.`

World Health Organization (WHO)

[World Health Organization
(WHO) flag]
Adopted Feb 1961

WHO website Headquarters: Geneva
(Switzerland) WHO Day: 7 Apr (1948)
World Health Day

22 Jul 1946 Interim Commission of theWorld Health Organization. 7 Apr 1948 World Health Organization (WHO) established.10 Jul 1948 WHO a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Executive Secretary22 Jul 1946 - 21 Jul 1948 George Brock Chisholm (Canada) (b. 1896 - d. 1971) Directors-general 21 Jul 1948 - 21 Jul 1953 George Brock Chisholm (Canada) (s.a.) 21 Jul 1953 - 21 Jul 1973 Marcolino Gomes Candau (Brazil) (b. 1911 - d. 1983) 21 Jul 1973 - 21 Jul 1988 Halfdan T. Mahler (Denmark) (b. 1923 - d. 2016) 21 Jul 1988 - 21 Jul 1998 Hiroshi Nakajima (Japan) (b. 1928 - d. 2013) 21 Jul 1998 - 21 Jul 2003 Gro Harlem Brundtland (f)(Norway) (b. 1939) 21 Jul 2003 - 22 May 2006 Lee Jong Wook (South Korea) (b. 1945 - d. 2006) 22 May 2006 - 4 Jan 2007 Anders Nordström (Sweden) (acting) (b. 1960) 4 Jan 2007 - 1 Jul 2017 Margaret Chan (f)(China) (b. 1947) 1 Jul 2017 - Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (b. 1965) (Ethiopia)

WHO membership (194)

Date of
Admission Member Nations

7 Apr 1948 Albania¹, Australia, Austria, Byelorussian S.S.R², Canada, China³, Czechoslovakia⁴, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, Greece, Haiti, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Liberia, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Soviet Union⁵, South Africa⁶, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria⁷, Thailand, Transjordan⁸, Turkey, Ukrainian S.S.R.⁹, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia¹⁰

19 Apr 1948 Afghanistan, Denmark

6 May 1948 Poland¹¹

2 Jun 1948 Brazil

8 Jun 1948 Romania¹²

9 Jun 1948 Bulgaria¹³

16 Jun 1948 France

17 Jun 1948 Hungary¹⁴, Iceland

21 Jun 1948 Dominican Republic, United States

22 Jun 1948 El Salvador

23 Jun 1948 Pakistan

25 Jun 1948 Belgium

1 Jul 1948 Burma¹⁵

7 Jul 1948 Ceylon¹⁶, Venezuela

8 Jul 1948 Monaco

9 Jul 1948 Philippines

15 Oct 1948 Chile

22 Oct 1948 Argentina

4 Jan 1949 Paraguay

19 Jan 1949 Lebanon

1 Mar 1949 Ecuador

17 Mar 1949 Costa Rica

8 Apr 1949 Honduras

22 Apr 1949 Uruguay

3 Jun 1949 Luxembourg

21 Jun 1949 Israel

17 Aug 1949 South Korea

26 Aug 1949 Guatemala

11 Nov 1949 Peru

23 Dec 1949 Bolivia

24 Apr 1950 Nicaragua

9 May 1950 Cuba

17 May 1950 Cambodia, Laos, South Vietnam¹⁷

23 May 1950 Indonesia

20 Feb 1951 Panama

16 May 1951 Japan

28 May 1951 Spain

29 May 1951 West Germany¹⁸

16 May 1952 Libya

2 Sep 1953 Nepal

14 May 1956 Morocco, The Sudan, Tunisia

8 Apr 1957 Ghana

24 Apr 1958 Malaya¹⁹

14 May 1959 Colombia

19 May 1959 Guinea

6 May 1960 Cameroon

9 May 1960 Kuwait

13 May 1960 Togo

20 Sep 1960 Central African Republic, Dahomey²⁰

4 Oct 1960 Upper Volta²¹

5 Oct 1960 Niger

17 Oct 1960 Mali

26 Oct 1960 Congo (Brazzaville)

28 Oct 1960 Ivory Coast²²

31 Oct 1960 Senegal

21 Nov 1960 Gabon

25 Nov 1960 Nigeria

1 Jan 1961 Chad

16 Jan 1961 Cyprus, Madagascar²³

26 Jan 1961 Somalia

24 Feb 1961 Congo (Léopoldville)²⁴

7 Mar 1961 Mauritania

20 Oct 1961 Sierra Leone

15 Mar 1962 Tanganyika²⁵

18 Apr 1962 Mongolia

16 May 1962 Western Samoa²⁶

22 Oct 1962 Burundi

7 Nov 1962 Rwanda

8 Nov 1962 Algeria

3 Jan 1963 Trinidad and Tobago

7 Mar 1963 Uganda

21 Mar 1963 Jamaica

27 Jan 1964 Kenya

29 Feb 1964 Zanzibar²⁵

1 Feb 1965 Malta

2 Feb 1965 Zambia

8 Apr 1965 Malawi

5 Nov 1965 Maldives

25 Feb 1966 Singapore

27 Sep 1966 Guyana

25 Apr 1967 Barbados

7 Jul 1967 Lesotho

6 May 1968 Yemen (Aden)²⁷, Yemen (Sana)²⁷

9 Dec 1968 Mauritius

26 Apr 1971 The Gambia

28 May 1971 Oman

2 Nov 1971 Bahrain

1 Jan 1972 Fiji

30 Mar 1972 United Arab Emirates

11 May 1972 Qatar

19 May 1972 Bangladesh

16 Apr 1973 Swaziland

8 May 1973 East Germany¹⁸

19 May 1973 North Korea

1 Apr 1974 The Bahamas

29 Jul 1974 Guinea-Bissau

4 Dec 1974 Grenada

26 Feb 1975 Botswana

14 Aug 1975 Tonga

11 Sep 1975 Mozambique

22 Oct 1975 North Vietnam¹⁷

9 Dec 1975 Comoros

5 Jan 1976 Cape Verde²⁸

23 Mar 1976 São Tomé and Príncipe

25 Mar 1976 Suriname

29 Apr 1976 Papua New Guinea

15 May 1976 Angola

10 Mar 1978 Djibouti

11 Sep 1979 Seychelles

5 May 1980 Equatorial Guinea

12 May 1980 San Marino

16 May 1980 Zimbabwe

11 Nov 1980 Saint Lucia

13 Aug 1981 Dominica

8 Mar 1982 Bhutan

7 Mar 1983 Vanuatu

4 Apr 1983 Solomon Islands

1 Sep 1983 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

12 Mar 1984 Antigua and Barbuda

9 May 1984 Cook Islands

26 Jul 1984 Kiribati

3 Dec 1984 Saint Kitts and Nevis

25 Mar 1985 Brunei Darussalam

23 Apr 1990 Namibia

23 Aug 1990 Belize

5 Jun 1991 Marshall Islands

14 Aug 1991 Federated States of Micronesia

25 Nov 1991 Lithuania

4 Dec 1991 Latvia

29 Apr 1992 Kyrgyzstan

4 May 1992 Armenia, Moldova, Tajikistan

7 May 1992 Slovenia

22 May 1992 Uzbekistan

26 May 1992 Georgia

11 Jun 1992 Croatia

2 Jul 1992 Turkmenistan

19 Aug 1992 Kazakhstan

10 Sep 1992 Bosnia and Hercegovina

2 Oct 1992 Azerbaijan

22 Jan 1993 Czech Republic

4 Feb 1993 Slovakia

31 Mar 1993 Estonia

22 Apr 1993 Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)

7 May 1993 Tuvalu

24 Jul 1993 Eritrea

5 May 1994 Niue

9 May 1994 Nauru

9 Mar 1995 Palau

15 Jan 1997 Andorra

28 Nov 2000 Serbia and Montenegro¹⁰

27 Sep 2002 East Timor²⁹

29 Aug 2006 Montenegro

27 Sep 2011 South Sudan

¹Albania inactive withdrawal not recognized25 Feb 1950 - Jan 1957.²Byelorussian S.S.R. inactivewithdrawal not recognized 16 Feb 1949 - 27 Jan 1956;from 1991 Belarus.³China inactive withdrawal not recognized 5 May 1950 - 22 May 1953;the Republic of China (Taiwan) represented China until 10 May 1972, when the WHO voted to have China represented by the People's Republic of China.⁴Czechoslovakia inactivewithdrawal not recognized 14 Apr 1950 - Jan 1958; dissolved 31 Dec 1992.⁵Soviet Union inactive withdrawal not recognized 12 Feb 1949 - 27 Jan 1956; dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia.⁶South Africa suspended 19 Mar 1964 - 2 May 1994.⁷1958-1961 Syria part of the United Arab Republic, union of Egypt and Syria. Syria left WHO 22 Feb 1958; On 28 Sep 1961 Syria seceded from the U.A.R. and resumed its separate membership onthat date.⁸from 1949 Jordan.⁹Ukrainian S.S.R. inactive withdrawal not recognized 16 Feb 1949 - 27 Jan 1956;from 1991 Ukraine.¹⁰Yugoslavia suspended 3 May 1993, readmitted 28 Nov 2000; from 4 Feb 2003 called Serbia and Montenegro; on 5 Jun 2006 succeeded by Serbia. ¹¹Poland inactive withdrawal not recognized 15 Aug 1950 - Jan 1957. ¹²Romania inactive withdrawal not recognized 20 Feb 1950 - 23 May 1957. ¹³Bulgaria inactive withdrawal not recognized Nov 1949 - Jan 1957.¹⁴Hungary inactive withdrawal not recognized 19 May 1950 - 1963.¹⁵from 1989 Myanmar.¹⁶from 1972 Sri Lanka.¹⁷North Vietnam united with South Vietnam as Socialist Republic of Vietnamon 2 Jul 1976; succession recognized by WHO Assembly 10 May 1977. ¹⁸East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.¹⁹from 1963 Malaysia.²⁰from