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States: Louisiana (LA) - Maine (ME) - Maryland (MD) - Massachusetts (MA) - Michigan (MI) - Minnesota (MN) - Mississippi (MS) - Missouri (MO) - Montana (MT) -

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party (liberal, center-left,former D-R, est.1829); DFL = Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (democratic socialist, populist, Upper-Midwest Dem affiliate, to 1944 named Farm-Labor Party, est.1918); Ind = Independent; IPM = Independence Party of Minnesota (Minnesota regionalist, radical centrist, formerly J. Ventura personalist, split from Ref party, est.1992); Ref = Reform Party (social liberal, centrist, originally Ross Perot personalist, est.1995); Rep = Republican Party (conservative, center-right, est.1854); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AJP = Anti-Jackson Party (1825-1833); anti-Fed = Anti-Federalist Party (pro-states rights, 1781-1796); AP = American Party (nativist, 1853-1860, informally K-N);
D-F = Democratic-Federalist Party; DFS = Democratic Free Soil Party (anti-slavery, opposed extension of slavery into western U.S. territories, 1848-1854); DGP = Democratic Greenback Party (opposed return to "gold standards", withdrawal of paper "greenbacks" and tightening of credit lines 1874-1884); D-R = Democratic-Republican Party (1794-1829, renamed Democratic party); Fed = Federalist Party (conservative, federalist, 1792-1824); FSP = Free-State Party (Louisiana unionist, radical republican, 1863-1865, merged into Rep);Fus = Fusion (representing more than one party/coalition of parties); K-N = Know-Nothing Party (anti-immigrant, anti-Roman Catholic, Unionist, formally called AP, 1853-1860); Lib-R = Liberal Republican Party (anti-corruption, classical liberal, split from Rep, 1870-1872, merged into Dem);MFL = Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party (semi-Socialist, Minnesota regionalist, 1919-1944); N-R = National Republican Party (anti-Jacksonian, 1826-1834); Uni = Union Party (or Constitutional Union Party, formed chiefly by remnants of the AP and southern Whigs, May 1860-1861);U-D = Union-Democratic Party (conservative, pro-Union, opposed civil rights for slaves, 1860-1868); Whg = Whig Party (economic nationalist, protectionist, anti-Jacksonian, 1833-1860)

Louisiana

26 Jan 1861 - 11 Feb 1861 Unofficial	11 Feb 1861 - 28 Apr 1862	1 Jul 1912 - 25 May 2006	25 May 2006 - 22 Nov 2010
Adopted 22 Nov 2010

Map of Louisiana	Hear State Song "Give Me Louisiana" Adopted 9 Jul 1970 ------------------------------- Hear State Song "You Are My Sunshine" Adopted 14 Jul 1977	State Cultural Song "Southern Nights" Adopted 1 Jul 2021	State Constitution (1 Jan 1975)
Capital: Baton Rouge (Biloxi 1699-1702, 1720-1722; Fort Louis de la Louisiane [Mobile] 1702-1720; New Orleans 1722-1830, 1831-1849, 1865-1882 [and Union capital 1862-1865]; Donaldsonville 1830-1831; Baton Rouge 1849-1862 [Confederate capitals: Opelousas 1 May 1862- 25 Jan 1863; Shreveport 25 Jan 1863-2 Jun 1865])	Motto: Union, justice, and confidence	Nickname: Pelican State	Population: 4,657,757 (2020)
International Organizations/Treaties: OIF (observer)

Mayors of New Orleans	Chronology `20 Jan 1685 Claimed for France by La Salle.` `8 Dec 1699 French colony of Louisiana (La Louisiane)(part` `of New France [see underQuebec, Canada]).` `1717 - 1733 UnderCompagnie de l'Ouestadministration.` `3 Nov 1762 Ceded to Spain by France.` `5 Mar 1766 Spain takes over administration (Luisiana), subordinated` `to` `Cuba).` `1 Oct 1800 Spain secretly agrees to restore Louisiana` `to France by the Treaty of Idelfonso.` `21 Mar 1801 Secretly returned to France (French` `administration begins 30 Nov 1803).` `30 Apr 1803 Sold to U.S. by France (signed 2 May 1803,` `but retro-dated to 30 Apr 1803).` `20 Dec 1803 U.S. assumes sovereignty` `1 Oct 1804 Louisiana divided into two sections: the` `Orleans Territory below 33rd parallel;` `and Louisiana Territory (laterMissouri` `territory) above the 33rd parallel` `from 4 Jul 1805.` `30 Apr 1812 State of Louisiana` `26 Jan 1861 Secession` `8 Feb 1861 Founding state of Confederate States of` `America.` `28 Apr 1862 New Orleans occupied by Union troops.25 Jul 1864 Ordinance of secession of 1861 declared void.` `9 Jul 1868 Re-admitted to United States.`
Mayors of Shreveport

Governors
25 Jan 1699 - 4 May 1699 Pierre Le Moyne, sieur d'Iberville (b. 1661 - d. 1706)
4 May 1699 - 21 Aug 1701 Sauvole de la Villantray           (b. c.1671 - d. 1701)
21 Aug 1701 - 17 Mar 1713 Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur      (b. 1680 - d. 1767)
                           de Bienville (1st time)
1707 - 1708                Nicolas Daneaux de Muy    (b. 1653 - d. 1708)
                             (did not take office)
17 Mar 1713 - 1716         Antoine Laumet de Lamothe Cadillac (b. 1658 - d. 1730)
1716 - 9 Mar 1717         Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur      (s.a.)
                             de Bienville (2nd time)
                             (acting)
9 May 1717 - 1718         Jean Michel de l'Espinay de la     (b. c.1665 - d. 1721)
                             Longeville
1718 - 16 Jan 1724         Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur    (s.a.)
                             de Bienville (3rd time)
1724 - 1726                Pierre Sidrac Dugué, sieur de      (b. 1675 - d. 1736)
                             Boisbriant (acting)
9 Aug 1726 - 1733         Étienne Périer de Salvert          (b. 1687 - d. 1766)
1733 - May 1743            Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur      (s.a.)
                             de Bienville (4th time)
10 May 1743 - 8 May 1753 Pierre de Rigaud, marquis          (b. 1698 - d. 1778)
                             de Vaudreuil-Cabagnal
8 May 1753 - 29 Apr 1763 Louis Billouart,                   (b. 1704 - d. 1770)
                             chevalier de Kerlérec
29 Apr 1763 - 4 Feb 1765 Jean-Jacques Blaise d'Abbadie      (b. 1726 - d. 1765)
4 Feb 1765 - 5 Mar 1766 Charles Philippe Aubry (acting)    (b. c.1720 - d. 1770)
                             (1st time)
5 Mar 1766 - 16 Nov 1768 Antonio de Ulloa y de la Torre     (b. 1717 - d. 1795)
                             Guiral
16 Nov 1768 - 17 Aug 1769 Charles Philippe Aubry (acting)    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Aug 1769 - 1 Dec 1769     Alejandro O'Reilly y McDowell      (b. 1722 - d. 1794)
                             Sillon
1 Dec 1769 - 1 Apr 1777 Luis de Unzaga y Amezaga           (b. 1721 - d. 1793)
1 Apr 1777 - 14 Jul 1785 Bernardo Vicente Pólinarde de      (b. 1726 - d. 1794)
                             Gálvez y Galardo
14 Jul 1785 - 30 Nov 1791 Estéban Rodríguez Miró y Sabater   (b. 1744 - d. 1802)
30 Nov 1791 - 5 Aug 1797 Francisco Luis Héctor de           (b. 1747 - d. 1807)
                             Carondelet de Novelles,
                             baron de Carondelet
5 Aug 1797 - 18 Jul 1799 Manuel Gayoso de Lemos y Amorín (b. 1752 - d. 1799)
                             y Magallanes
18 Jul 1799 - 15 Jul 1801 Nicolás María Vidal                (b. 1740 - d. 1806)
                           (acting civil governor)
18 Jul 1799 - 18 Sep 1799 Francisco Bouligny                 (b. 1736 - d. 1800)
                           (acting military governor)
18 Sep 1799 - 15 Jul 1801 Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta y     (b. 1751 - d. 1825)
                             O'Farril Arango y Arriola,
                             marqués de Casa Calvo
                            (acting military governor)
15 Jul 1801 - 30 Nov 1803 Juan Manuel de Salcedo             (b. 1743 - d. c.1815)
Prefect and Commissioner 30 Nov 1803 - 20 Dec 1803 Pierre Clément de Laussat          (b. 1756 - d. 1835)
Governors 20 Dec 1803 - 16 Dec 1816 William Charles Cole Claiborne    (b. 1775 - d. 1817) D-R
16 Dec 1816 - 18 Dec 1820 Jacques Philippe Villeré           (b. 1761 - d. 1830) D-R
18 Dec 1820 - 15 Nov 1824 Thomas Bolling Robertson           (b. 1779 - d. 1828) D-R
15 Nov 1824 - 13 Dec 1824 Henry Schuyler Thibodaux (acting) (b. 1769 - d. 1827) D-R
13 Dec 1824 - 15 Dec 1828 Henry Johnson                      (b. 1783 - d. 1864) N-R
15 Dec 1828 - 6 Oct 1829 Pierre Augustin Charles    (b. 1767 - d. 1829) N-R
                             Bourguignon Derbigny
6 Oct 1829 - 14 Jan 1830 Armand Julie Beauvais (acting)     (b. 1783 - d. 1843) N-R
14 Jan 1830 - 31 Jan 1831 Jacques Dupré                      (b. 1773 - d. 1846) N-R
31 Jan 1831 - 2 Feb 1835 André Bienvenue Roman (1st time)   (b. 1795 - d. 1866) Whg
2 Feb 1835 - 4 Feb 1839 Edward Douglas White               (b. 1795 - d. 1847) Whg
4 Feb 1839 - 30 Jan 1843 André Bienvenue Roman (2nd time)   (s.a.)               Whg
30 Jan 1843 - 12 Feb 1846 Alexandre Mouton                   (b. 1804 - d. 1885) Dem
12 Feb 1846 - 28 Jan 1850 Isaac Johnson                      (b. 1803 - d. 1853) Dem
28 Jan 1850 - 20 Jan 1853 Joseph Marshall Walker             (b. 1784 - d. 1856) Dem
20 Jan 1853 - 28 Jan 1856 Paul Octave Hébert                 (b. 1818 - d. 1880) Dem
28 Jan 1856 - 23 Jan 1860 Robert Charles Wickliffe           (b. 1819 - d. 1895) Dem
23 Jan 1860 - 25 Jan 1864 Thomas Overton Moore               (b. 1804 - d. 1876) Dem
                   (Confederate governor) 1 May 1862 - 2 Jul 1862 Benjamin F. Butler    (b. 1818 - d. 1893) Mil                      (U.S. military governor)
2 Jul 1862 - 4 Mar 1864 George Foster Shepley              (b. 1819 - d. 1878) Mil
                             (U.S. military governor)
25 Jan 1864 - 2 Jun 1865 Henry Watkins Allen                (b. 1820 - d. 1866) Dem
                             (Confederate governor)
4 Mar 1864 - 4 Mar 1865 Michael Georg Decker Hahn          (b. 1830 - d. 1886) FSP
                             (U.S. governor)
4 Mar 1865 - 3 Jun 1867 James Madison Wells                (b. 1808 - d. 1899) Rep
3 Jun 1867 - 8 Jan 1868 Benjamin Flanders                  (b. 1816 - d. 1896) Rep
8 Jan 1868 - 27 Jun 1868 Joshua Baker                       (b. 1799 - d. 1885) Rep
27 Jun 1868 - 11 Dec 1872 Henry Clay Warmoth                 (b. 1842 - d. 1932) Rep
11 Dec 1872 - 13 Jan 1873 Pinckey Benton Stewart Pinchback   (b. 1837 - d. 1921) Rep
                             (acting)
13 Jan 1873 - 5 Jan 1877 William Pitt Kellogg               (b. 1830 - d. 1918) Rep
13 Jan 1873 - 22 May 1873 John McEnery (1st time)      (b. 1833 - d. 1891) Rep
                             (in opposition)
14 Sep 1874 - 16 Sep 1874 John McEnery (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Rep
                             (in opposition)
8 Jan 1877 - 13 Jan 1880 Francis Tillou Nicholls (1st time) (b. 1834 - d. 1912) Dem
8 Jan 1877 - 25 Apr 1877 Stephen Bennett Packard            (b. 1843 - d. 1881) Rep
                             (in opposition)
14 Jan 1880 - 16 Oct 1881 Louis Alfred Wiltz                 (b. 1843 - d. 1881) Dem
16 Oct 1881 - 20 May 1888 Samuel Douglas McEnery             (b. 1837 - d. 1910) Dem
21 May 1888 - 10 May 1892 Francis Tillou Nicholls (2nd time) (s.a.)               Dem
10 May 1892 - 8 May 1900 Murphy James Foster                (b. 1849 - d. 1921) Dem
8 May 1900 - 10 May 1904 William Wright Heard               (b. 1853 - d. 1926) Dem
10 May 1904 - 12 May 1908 Newton Crain Blanchard             (b. 1849 - d. 1922) Dem
12 May 1908 - 14 May 1912 Jared Young Sanders                (b. 1869 - d. 1944) Dem
14 May 1912 - 9 May 1916 Luther Egbert Hall                 (b. 1869 - d. 1921) Dem
9 May 1916 - 11 May 1920 Ruffin Golson Pleasant             (b. 1871 - d. 1937) Dem
11 May 1920 - 13 May 1924 John Milliken Parker               (b. 1863 - d. 1939) Dem
13 May 1924 - 11 Oct 1926 Henry Fuqua                        (b. 1865 - d. 1926) Dem
11 Oct 1926 - 21 May 1928 Oramel Hinckley Simpson            (b. 1870 - d. 1932) Dem
21 May 1928 - 25 Jan 1932 Huey Pierce Long, Jr. "Kingfish"   (b. 1893 - d. 1935) Dem
25 Jan 1932 - 10 May 1932 Alvin Olin King                    (b. 1890 - d. 1958) Dem
10 May 1932 - 28 Jan 1936 Oscar Kelly Allen                  (b. 1882 - d. 1936) Dem
28 Jan 1936 - 12 May 1936 James Albert Noe                   (b. 1890 - d. 1976) Dem
12 May 1936 - 26 Jun 1939 Richard Webster Leche              (b. 1898 - d. 1965) Dem
26 Jun 1939 - 14 May 1940 Earl Kemp Long (1st time)          (b. 1895 - d. 1960) Dem
14 May 1940 - 9 May 1944 Sam Houston Jones                  (b. 1897 - d. 1978) Dem
9 May 1944 - 11 May 1948 James Houston Davis (1st time)     (b. 1899 - d. 2000) Dem
11 May 1948 - 13 May 1952 Earl Kemp Long (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Dem
13 May 1952 - 8 May 1956 Robert Floyd Kennon                (b. 1902 - d. 1988) Dem
8 May 1956 - 10 May 1960 Earl Kemp Long (3rd time)          (s.a.)               Dem
10 May 1960 - 12 May 1964 James Houston Davis (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Dem
12 May 1964 - 9 May 1972 John Julian McKeithen              (b. 1918 - d. 1999) Dem
9 May 1972 - 10 Mar 1980 Edwin W. Edwards (1st time)        (b. 1927 - d. 2021) Dem
10 Mar 1980 - 12 Mar 1984 David C. Treen                     (b. 1928 - d. 2009) Rep
12 Mar 1984 - 14 Mar 1988 Edwin W. Edwards (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Dem
14 Mar 1988 - 8 Jan 1992 Charles "Buddy" E. Roemer III    (b. 1943 - d. 2021) Dem;1991 Rep
8 Jan 1992 - 8 Jan 1996 Edwin W. Edwards (3rd time)        (s.a.)               Dem
8 Jan 1996 - 12 Jan 2004 Michael "Mike" J. Foster, Jr.      (b. 1930 - d. 2020) Rep
12 Jan 2004 - 14 Jan 2008 Kathleen Babineaux Blanco (f)      (b. 1942 - d. 2019) Dem
14 Jan 2008 - 11 Jan 2016 Bobby (Piyush) Jindal             (b. 1971) Rep 11 Jan 2016 - 8 Jan 2024 John Bel Edwards (b. 1966) Dem 8 Jan 2024 -              Jeffrey "Jeff" M. Landry           (b. 1970)    Rep

U.S. Military governors during Reconstruction23 Apr 1865 - 3 Jun 1865 Nathaniel Prentice Banks (b. 1816 - d. 1894) Mil 3 Jun 1865 - May 1866 Edward Richard Sprigg Canby (b. 1817 - d. 1873) Mil19 Mar 1867 - 5 Sep 1868 Philip Henry Sheridan (b. 1831 - d. 1888) Mil

Maine


21 Mar 1901 - 24 Feb 1909


Official Flag Adopted
24 Feb 1909


Flag as Commonly Used

Map of Maine	Hear State Song "State of Maine Song" Adopted 30 Mar 1937	State March "The Dirigo March" Adopted 19 Mar 2012 --------------------------------- State Ballad "The Ballad of the 20th Maine" Adopted 7 Jun 2019	State Constitution (6 Dec 1819)
Capital: Augusta (Portland 1820-4 Jan 1832)	Motto: Dirigo (I lead)	Nickname: Pine Tree State	Population: 1,362,359 (2020)

Mayors of Portland	Chronology `14 Aug 1607 - 17 Oct 1608 Popham colony (also known as Sagadahoc or` `Kennebec Colony) at Fort St. George (modern` `Phippsburg),` `settled by the Plymouth Company.` `10 Aug 1622` `Province of Maine, granted to John Mason andSir FerdinandoGorges; claim includedlands between the` `Merrimack and` `Kennebec rivers and extending` `inland 60 miles.` `7 Nov 1629 Mason and Gorges divided the provincebetween` `them; Mason's share being the area between` `the Merrimack and the Piscataqua Rivers` `which he namedNew Hampshire,` `Gorges calls` `his portion the Province of New Somersetshire.` `3 Apr 1639 Grant of the Province of Maine. Jul 1649 Towns of Wells, Gorgiana, and Piscataqua form an Independent Government. 31 May 1652 Massachusetts-Bay Colony claims Maine(York county).12 Mar 1664 Province of Maine is given in grant by King` `Charles II to James, Duke of York as part` `of New Yorkas Cornwall County.Lost to the Abnaki Indians fall 1675.27 May 1668 Order for the Submission of the Province of Maine to Massachusetts-Bay. 29 Jun 1674 Restored to` `Gorgesheirs by King Charles II.13 Mar 1677 Massachusetts-Bay purchases the rights of Gorges` `heirs, reuniting Maine with Massachusetts-Bay.` `1 Nov 1683 - spring 1687 Cornwall County re-created, still part of New York, then transferred to the Dominion of New England. 17 May 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Along with, Massachusetts, part of the Dominion` `of New England (seeMassachusetts).17 Oct 1691 Maine formally made an integral part of` `Massachusetts-Bay. Initially named Yorkshire` `(later as Province of Maine of Massachusetts- Bay Colony).` 18 Oct 1775 British navy burns Falmouth (Portland). 1777 - 24 Dec 1783 British held the Penobscot, from 17 Jun 1779 with headquarters at Bagaduce (Castine), but Machias and vicinity remain unsubdued. 9 Jul 1778 Continental Congress divided Massachusetts into three admiralty districts, including the Northern District of M`assachusetts (York, Cumberland and Lincoln counties), later named District of Maine. 25 Oct 1780 Maine District of Massachusetts` `5 Oct 1785 First Convention held at Falmouth on separation from Massachusetts, followed by 4 Jan 1786 and on 4 Sep 1786. 31 Jan 1787 Maine convention votes to separate from Massachusetts by 645 to 359.` `7 May 1792 Mainers votes against separation from Massachusetts by 2,438`to 2,084. 6 Apr 1795 Mainers vote on separation from Massachusetts is virtually ignored by voters. 10 May 1797 Mainers vote on separation from Massachusetts, 2,785 for separation and 2,412 against (not enough eligible voters voted). 7 Apr 1807 Mainers vote against separation from Massachusetts, 9,404 to 3,370. 1 Sep 1814 - 15 Apr 1815 British occupy Bangor, Castine, Eastport, Frankfort, Hampden, Machias and the coast from Penobscot Bay east, most of Eastern Maine.20 May 1816 Mainers voted 10,584 in favor of separation and 6,491 opposed, but lacks the required majority. 2 Sep 1816 Mainers vote to separate from Massachusetts, 11,969 to 10,347, but lacks required majority. 30 Sep 1816 - 9 Oct 1816 Brunswick Convention met to consider separating the District of Maine from Massachusetts as a state. 19 Jul 1819 Mainers voted to separate from Massachusetts, by 17,091 to 7,132. 11 Oct 1819 Constitutional convention convened in Portland. 15`Mar 1820 State of Maine` `(separated from Massachusetts).` `9 Aug 1842 Aroostook valley officially ceded to U.S. by` `U.K. in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.`

Proprietors of the Province of Maine
1622 - Dec 1635            John Mason                         (b. 1586 - d. 1635)
                           + Sir Ferdinando Gorges            (b. c.1566 - d. 1647)
Proprietor of the Province of New Somersetshire
1635 - 14 May 1647         Sir Ferdinando Gorges              (s.a.)

President of Popham Colony
14 Aug 1607 - 5 Feb 1608 George Popham                      (b. c.1550 - d. 1608)
Governors of the Province of New Somersetshire
1635 - 1649                William Gorges (b. 1605 - d. 1658)Jul 1649 - 1652        Edward Godfrey (b. c.1584 - d. af.1663)
Royal Commissioners23 Apr 1664 - Nov 1665 Board of Commissioners                          - Richard Nicholls                 (b. 1624 - d. 1672)                            - Sir Robert Carr    (b. c.1615 - d. 1667)                            - George Cartwright                            - Samuel Maverick                  (b. c.1602 – d. c.1670)1665 - 1668               JusticesGovernors of Maine
31 May 1652 - 15 Mar 1820 the governors of Massachusetts 15 Mar 1820 - 28 May 1821 William King                       (b. 1768 - d. 1852) D-R                             (president of the Convention to 1 Jun 1820) 29 May 1821 - 5 Dec 1821 William D. Williamson              (b. 1779 - d. 1846) D-R 5 Dec 1821 - 2 Jan 1822 Benjamin Ames                      (b. 1778 - d. 1835) D-R 2 Jan 1822 - 4 Jan 1822 Daniel Rose                        (b. 1772 - d. 1833) D-R 4 Jan 1822 - 4 Jan 1827 Albion K. Parris                   (b. 1788 - d. 1857) D-R 4Jan 1827 - 8 Oct 1829 Enoch Lincoln                      (b. 1788 - d. 1829) D-R 12 Oct 1829 - 5 Feb 1830 Nathan Cutler (acting)             (b. 1775 - d. 1861) D-R 5 Feb 1830 - 10 Feb 1830 Joshua Hall (acting)               (b. 1768 - d. 1862) N-R 10 Feb 1830 - 5 Jan 1831 Jonathan G. Hunton                 (b. 1781 - d. 1851) N-R 5 Jan 1831 - 1 Jan 1834 Samual E. Smith                    (b. 1788 - d. 1860) D-R 1 Jan 1834 - 3 Jan 1838 Robert P. Dunlap                   (b. 1794 - d. 1859) Dem 3 Jan 1838 - 2 Jan 1839 Edward Kent (1st time)             (b. 1802 - d. 1877) Whg 2 Jan 1839 - 6 Jan 1841 John Fairfield (1st time)          (b. 1797 - d. 1847) Dem 12 Jan 1841 - 13 Jan 1841 Richard H. Vose (acting)           (b. 1803 - d. 1864) Whg 13 Jan 1841 - 5 Jan 1842 Edward Kent (2nd time)             (s.a.)               Whg 5 Jan 1842 - 7 Mar 1843 John Fairfield (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Dem
7 Mar 1843 - 1 Jan 1844 Edward Kavanaugh                   (b. 1795 - d. 1844) Dem
2 Jan 1844 - 3 Jan 1844 David Dunn                         (b. 1811 - d. 1894) Dem
3 Jan 1844 - 5 Jan 1844 John W. Dana (1st time)            (b. 1808 - d. 1867) Dem
5 Jan 1844 - 12 May 1847 Hugh J. Anderson                   (b. 1801 - d. 1881) Dem
13 May 1847 - 8 May 1850 John W. Dana (2nd time)            (s.a.)               Dem
9 May 1850 - 5 Jan 1853 John Hubbard                       (b. 1794 - d. 1869) Dem
5 Jan 1853 - 3 Jan 1855 William G. Crosby                  (b. 1805 - d. 1881) Whg
3 Jan 1855 - 2 Jan 1856 Anson P. Morrill                   (b. 1803 - d. 1887) K-N
2 Jan 1856 - 8 Jan 1857 Samuel E. Wells                    (b. 1801 - d. 1868) Dem
8 Jan 1857 - 25 Feb 1857 Hannibal Hamlin                    (b. 1809 - d. 1891) Rep
26 Feb 1857 - 8 Jan 1858 Joseph H. Williams (acting)        (b. 1814 - d. 1896) Rep
8 Jan 1858 - 2 Jan 1861 Lot M. Morrill                     (b. 1813 - d. 1883) Rep
2 Jan 1861 - 7 Jan 1863 Israel Washburn, Jr.               (b. 1813 - d. 1883) Rep
7 Jan 1863 - 6 Jan 1864 Abner Coburn                       (b. 1803 - d. 1885) Rep
6 Jan 1864 - 2 Jan 1867 Samuel Cony                        (b. 1811 - d. 1870) Rep
2 Jan 1867 - 4 Jan 1871 Joshua L. Chamberlain              (b. 1828 - d. 1914) Rep
4 Jan 1871 - 7 Jan 1874 Sidney Perham                      (b. 1819 - d. 1907) Rep
7 Jan 1874 - 5 Jan 1876 Nelson Dingley, Jr.                (b. 1832 - d. 1899) Rep
5 Jan 1876 - 8 Jan 1879 Seldon Connor                      (b. 1839 - d. 1917) Rep
8 Jan 1879 - 17 Jan 1880 Alonzo Garcelon                    (b. 1813 - d. 1906) Dem
17 Jan 1880 - 13 Jan 1881 Daniel F. Davis                    (b. 1843 - d. 1897) Rep
13 Jan 1881 - 3 Jan 1883 Harris M. Plaisted                 (b. 1828 - d. 1898) Fus
3 Jan 1883 - 5 Jan 1887 Frederick Robie                    (b. 1822 - d. 1912) Rep
5 Jan 1887 - 15 Dec 1887 Joseph R. Bodwell                  (b. 1818 - d. 1887) Rep
16 Dec 1887 - 2 Jan 1889 Sebastian S. Marble (acting)       (b. 1817 - d. 1902) Rep
2 Jan 1889 - 4 Jan 1893 Edwin C. Burleigh                  (b. 1843 - d. 1916) Rep
4 Jan 1893 - 6 Jan 1897 Henry B. Cleaves                   (b. 1840 - d. 1912) Rep
6 Jan 1897 - 2 Jan 1901 Llewellyn Powers                   (b. 1836 - d. 1908) Rep
2 Jan 1901 - 4 Jan 1905 John F. Hill                       (b. 1855 - d. 1912) Rep
4 Jan 1905 - 6 Jan 1909 William T. Cobb                    (b. 1857 - d. 1937) Rep
6 Jan 1909 - 4 Jan 1911 Bert M. Fernald                    (b. 1858 - d. 1926) Rep
4 Jan 1911 - 1 Jan 1913 Frederick W. Plaisted              (b. 1865 - d. 1943) Dem
1 Jan 1913 - 6 Jan 1915 William T. Haines                  (b. 1854 - d. 1919) Rep
6 Jan 1915 - 3 Jan 1917 Oakley C. Curtis                   (b. 1865 - d. 1924) Dem
3 Jan 1917 - 5 Jan 1921 Carl E. Milliken                   (b. 1877 - d. 1961) Rep
5 Jan 1921 - 31 Jan 1921 Frederic H. Parkhurst              (b. 1864 - d. 1921) Rep
31 Jan 1921 - 8 Jan 1925 Percival P. Baxter                 (b. 1876 - d. 1969) Rep
8 Jan 1925 - 2 Jan 1929 Owen Brewster                      (b. 1888 - d. 1961) Rep
2 Jan 1929 - 4 Jan 1933 William T. Gardiner                (b. 1892 - d. 1953) Rep
4 Jan 1933 - 6 Jan 1937 Louis J. Brann                     (b. 1876 - d. 1948) Dem
6 Jan 1937 - 1 Jan 1941 Lewis O. Barrows                   (b. 1893 - d. 1967) Rep
1 Jan 1941 - 3 Jan 1945 Sumner Sewall                      (b. 1897 - d. 1965) Rep
3 Jan 1945 - 5 Jan 1949 Horace A. Hildreth                 (b. 1902 - d. 1988) Rep
5 Jan 1949 - 25 Dec 1952 Frederick G. Payne                 (b. 1904 - d. 1978) Rep
25 Dec 1952 - 6 Jan 1953 Burton M. Cross (1st time)         (b. 1902 - d. 1998) Rep
6 Jan 1953 - 7 Jan 1953 Nathaniel M. Haskell               (b. 1912 - d. 1983) Rep
7 Jan 1953 - 5 Jan 1955 Burton M. Cross (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Rep
5 Jan 1955 - 2 Jan 1959 Edmund S. Muskie                   (b. 1914 - d. 1996) Dem
2 Jan 1959 - 7 Jan 1959 Robert N. Haskell                  (b. 1903 - d. 1987) Rep
7 Jan 1959 - 30 Dec 1959 Clinton A. Clauson                 (b. 1895 - d. 1959) Dem
30 Dec 1959 - 5 Jan 1967 John H. Reed                       (b. 1921 - d. 2012) Rep
5 Jan 1967 - 2 Jan 1975 Kenneth M. Curtis                  (b. 1931)            Dem
2 Jan 1975 - 3 Jan 1979 James B. Longley                   (b. 1924 - d. 1980) Ind
3 Jan 1979 - 7 Jan 1987 Joseph E. Brennan                  (b. 1934 - d. 2024) Dem
7 Jan 1987 - 5 Jan 1995 John R. McKernan, Jr.              (b. 1948)            Rep
5 Jan 1995 - 8 Jan 2003 Angus S. King, Jr.                 (b. 1944)            Ind 8 Jan 2003 - 5 Jan 2011 John Elias Baldacci                (b. 1955)            Dem 5 Jan 2011 - 2 Jan 2019 Paul R. LePage       (b. 1948) Rep 2 Jan 2019 -              Janet Tafton Mills (f) (b. 1947)            Dem

Maryland


c.1861 - 9 Mar 1904


Adopted 9 Mar 1904

Map of Maryland	Former State Song "Maryland, My Maryland"	Text of Former State Song 29 Mar 1939-18 May 2021	State Constitution (5 Oct 1867)
Capital: Annapolis (St. Mary's 1634-1695)	Motto: Fatti maschii, parole femine (Manly deeds, Womanly words [Strong deeds, gentle words])	Nicknames: The Old Line State, Free State	Population: 6,177,224 (2020)

Mayors of Annapolis	Chronology `28 May 1631 - 1632 Virginia settlement at Kent Island.20 Jun 1632 English proprietary colony of Maryland by` `royal charter (Province of Maryland).` `25 Mar 1634 Settlement begins at St. Mary's.` 1639 Act for the Liberties of the People (Maryland). Sep 1644 - Aug 1646 Government of Richard Ingle loyal to Parliament during English the Civil War. 21 Apr 1649 Maryland Toleration Act (Act Concerning Religion). 15 Nov 1649 - 12 Mar 1652 Loyal to Royalist forces of King Charles II during the English Civil War. 28 Jun 1652 - 22 Jul 1654 Loyal to Royalist forces. 27 Jun 1691 Royal province `21 Feb 1715 British proprietary colony.` `8 Nov 1776 State of Maryland (informal to 5 Feb 1777).` `28 Apr 1788 State of the U.S.`
Mayors of Baltimore

Lords Proprietors
20 Jun 1632 - 22 Jul 1654 Cecilius "Cecil" Calvert, Baron    (b. 1606 - d. 1675)
                            of Baltimore (1st time)
22 Jul 1654 - 27 Apr 1658 Parliamentary Commission
27 Apr 1658 - 30 Nov 1675  Cecilius "Cecil"Calvert, Baron    (s.a.)
                            of Baltimore (2nd time)
30 Nov 1675 - 27 Jun 1691 Charles Calvert, Baron of          (b. 1637 - d. 1715)
                             Baltimore
27 Jun 1691 - 21 Feb 1715 Post abolished 21 Feb 1715 - 16 Apr 1715 Benedict Leonard Calvert,          (b. 1679 - d. 1715)
                             Baron of Baltimore
16 Apr 1715 - 24 Apr 1751 Charles Calvert, Baron of          (b. 1699 - d. 1751)
                             Baltimore
24 Apr 1751 - 4 Sep 1771 Frederick Calvert, Baron of        (b. 1731 - d. 1771)
                             Baltimore
4 Sep 1771 - 11 Nov 1776 Henry Hanford                      (b. 1758 - d. 1834)

Governors
28 May 1631 - 20 Jun 1632 William Claiborne (on Kent Island) (b. c.1600 - d. c.1677)
   (in opposition to May 1635)30 Jun 1632 - 9 Jun 1647 Leonard Calvert    (b. 1606 - d. 1647)
(arrived 25 Mar 1634; Sep 1644 -    Aug 1646 in Virginia exile) Feb 1638                   John Lewger (1st time) (b. 1602 - d. 1665)
                             (acting for Calvert)
Apr 1638 John Lewger (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (acting for Calvert)
27 May 1638 - 14 Aug 1638 Thomas Cornwaleys (1st time) (b. c.1600 - d. 1676)
                             (acting for Calvert)
8 May 1641 - 10 Jul 1641 Thomas Cornwaleys (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (acting for Calvert)
11 Apr 1643 - Sep 1644     Giles Brent (b. 1600 - d. 1672)
                             (acting for Calvert)
3 Oct 1644 - 16 Nov 1644 William Brainthwait      (b. 1590 - d. 1649)
                             (acting for Calvert) Sep 1644 - Aug 1646       Richard Ingle (usurper) (b. 1609 - d. 1653) 1645 - 1647        Edward Hill (acting to Jul 1646)   (b. c.1590 - d. 1663) (appointment by Calvert) 9 Jun 1647 - 26 Apr 1649 Thomas Greene (1st time)           (b. 1609 - d. 1651) 26 Apr 1649- 29 Mar 1652 William Stone (1st time)           (b. 1605 - d. 1695) 29 Mar 1652 - 28 Jun 1652 Parliamentary Commissioners                            -Richard Bennett    (b. 1609 - d. 1675)                            - Edmund Curtis - William Claiborne    (s.a.)28 Jun 1652 - 29 Mar 1654 William Stone (2nd time)       (s.a.)20 Sep 1649 - 1650    Thomas Greene (2nd time)           (s.a.)
                             (acting for Stone)
22 May 1650 - 25 Jun 1650 Thomas Hatton (acting for Stone)   (b. c.1603 - d. 1655) Nov 1651 - 29 Mar 1652     Thomas Greene (3nd time)           (s.a.)
                             (acting for Stone) Jun 1654 - 22 Jul 1654 William Stone (3rd time)           (s.a.) 22 Jul 1654 - 23 Mar 1658 Commissioners
                           - William Fuller (b. c.1610 - d. 1695)
                           - Richard Preston    (b. c.1618 - d. c.1669/70) - William Durand                   (b. c.1620 - d. 1672) - Edward Lloyd (b. c.1620 - d. 1696) - John Smith - Leonard Strong                   (d. 1659?) - John Lawson    (b. bf.1639 - d. 1668) - John Hatch (b. c.1614 - d. 1681) - Richard Wells    (b. 1609 - d. 1667) - Richard Ewen (b. c.1610 - d. 1660)    - Michael Brooke 31 Jan 1655 - 10 Jul 1656 William Stone (4th time)       (s.a.)              (prisoner from 26 Mar 1655)26 Mar 1655- 24 Jun 1660 Josias Fendall                     (b. c.1628 - d. 1687)
                             (in rebellion from Mar 1660)18 Jun 1657 - 26 Feb 1658 Luke Barber (acting for Fendall)   (b. c.1625 - d. 1668)
c.Oct 1660 - c.Nov 1661    Philip Calvert (b. 1626 - d. 1682)
c.Nov 1661 - Jun 1676    Charles Calvert, Baron Baltimore   (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
May 1669 - 20 Jul 1670 Philip Calvert (s.a.)    (acting [for absent Calvert])20 Jul 1670 - Nov 1670 Deputies and Commissioners    (acting for absent Calvert) - Philip Calvert (s.a.) - William Calvert                  (b. c.1642 - d. 1682) - Jerome White       (b. c.1635 - d. 1674) - Baker Brooke                     (b. 1628 - d. 1679)16 Jun 1676 - 14 Oct 1676 Cecilius Calvert (nominally)       (s.a.)16 Jun 1676 - 27 Jul 1676 Jesse Wharton (b. 1604 - d. 1676)    (acting [for infant Calvert]) Jul 1676 - Apr 1679      Thomas Notley                      (b. 1634 - d. 1679)    (acting [for infant Calvert to 14 Oct 1676])Apr 1679 - May 1684        Charles Calvert, Baron Baltimore   (s.a.)                             (2nd time)May 1684 - 3 Oct 1688     Benedict Leonard Calvert          (s.a.)                             (nominally)May 1684 - 3 Oct 1688     Council of Deputies                           (acting for infant Calvert)                           -Vincent Lowe (b. 1632 - d. 1692)
                           - Henry Darnall                   (b. 1645 - d. 1711)
                           - William Digges                   (b. 1650 - d. 1697)
                           - William Burgess    (b. 1622 - d. 1686)
                           - Nicholas Sewall                  (b. 1655 - d. 1737)
                           - Edward Pye                       (b. 1646 - d. 1696)
                           - Clement Hill                     (b. 1641 - d. 1708)
- Henry Coursey                    (b. 1625 - d. 1695)    - Henry Lowe                       (b. 1652 - d. 1717) 3 Oct 1688 - 1 Aug 1689 William Joseph
1 Aug 1689 - Aug 1690 John Coode (commander in chief) (b. 1648 - d. 1709)
Aug 1690 - 1692          Nehemiah Blakiston (b. c.1636 - d. 1693) 6 Apr 1692 - 9 Sep 1693 Sir Lionel Copley                  (b. 1648 - d. 1693)
9 Sep 1693 - 25 Sep 1693 Sir Thomas Lawrence (1st time)     (b. c.1645 - d. 1714)
25 Sep 1693 - 1693         Sir Edmund Andros (1st time)       (b. 1637 - d. 1714)
1693 - 1694       Nicholas Greenberry (b. 1640 - d. 1697)
1694                       Sir Edmund Andros (2nd time)       (s.a.)
May 1694 - Jul 1694        Sir Thomas Lawrence (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Jul 1694 - 1699         Francis Nicholson                  (b. 1655 - d. 1728)
2 Jan 1699 - 1702         Nathaniel Blakiston (b. c.1663 - d. 1722)
30 Jun 1702 - 1704         Thomas Tench                       (b. 1655 - d. 1708)
12 Apr 1704 - 1709    John Seymour (b. 1649 - d. 1709)
30 Jul 1709                Francis Jenkins                    (b. c.1650 - d. 1710) (did not take office)
1709 - 29 May 1714        Edward Lloyd II (acting)    (b. 1670 - d. 1718)
29 May 1714 - 1720         John Hart                          (d. 1740)
May 1720 - Oct 1720       Thomas Brooke, Jr. (acting)    (b. 1659 - d. 1730/31)
Oct 1720 - 1727            Charles Calvert, Baron Baltimore   (s.a.)
                             (1st time)
3 Jul 1727 - Dec 1731     Benedict Leonard Calvert           (b. 1700 - d. 1732)
7 Dec 1731 - Dec 1732     Samuel Ogle (1st time)             (b. c.1694 - d. 1752)
11 Dec 1732 - 11 Jul 1733 Charles Calvert, Baron Baltimore   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
11 Jul 1733 - Aug 1742     Samuel Ogle (2nd time)             (s.a.)
23 Aug 1742 - Mar 1747     Thomas Bladen                      (b. 1698 - d. 1780)
16 Mar 1747 - 3 May 1752 Samuel Ogle (3rd time)             (s.a.)
4 May 1752 - 10 Aug 1753 Benjamin Tasker                    (b. 1690 - d. 1768)
10 Aug 1753 - 5 Jun 1769 Horatio Sharpe                     (b. 1718 - d. 1790)
5 Jun 1769 - 23 Jun 1776 Robert Eden                        (b. 1741 - d. 1784)
28 May 1774 - 8 Nov 1774 Richard Lee    (b. 1707 - d. 1787)
                             (acting for absent Eden)
23 Jun 1776 - 4 Jul 1776 Richard Lee (acting) (s.a.)
Chairman of the Convention22 Jun 1774 - 26 Jul 1775 Matthew Tilghman (b. 1718 - d. 1790)President of the Council of Safety 30 Aug 1775 - 21 Oct 1775 Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer       (b. 1723 - d. 1790)
   (1st time) 21 Oct 1775 - 18 Jan 1776 Vacant 18 Jan 1776 - 20 Mar 1777 Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer       (s.a.) (2nd time)Governors
20 Mar 1777 - 12 Nov 1779 Thomas Johnson, Jr.                (b. 1732 - d. 1819)
12 Nov 1779 - 22 Nov 1782 Thomas Sim Lee (1st time)          (b. 1745 - d. 1819)
22 Nov 1782 - 26 Nov 1785 William Paca                       (b. 1740 - d. 1799)
26 Nov 1785 - 27 Nov 1788 William Smallwood                  (b. 1732 - d. 1792)
27 Nov 1788 - 14 Nov 1791 John Eager Howard                  (b. 1752 - d. 1827) Fed
14 Nov 1791 - 10 Feb 1792 George Plater                      (b. 1735 - d. 1792) Fed
10 Feb 1792 - 13 Feb 1792 Vacant 13 Feb 1792 - 5 Apr 1792 James Brice              (b. 1746 - d. 1801) Fed
5 Apr 1792 - 17 Nov 1794 Thomas Sim Lee (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Fed
17 Nov 1794 - 28 Nov 1797 John Hoskins Stone                 (b. 1750 - d. 1804) Fed
28 Nov 1797 - 14 Nov 1798 John Henry                         (b. 1750 - d. 1798) Fed
14 Nov 1798 - 10 Nov 1801 Benjamin Ogle                      (b. 1749 - d. 1809) Fed
10 Nov 1801 - 13 Nov 1803 John Francis Mercer                (b. 1759 - d. 1821) D-R
15 Nov 1803 - 10 Nov 1806 Robert Bowie (1st time)            (b. 1750 - d. 1818) D-R
12 Nov 1806 - 6 May 1809 Robert Wright                      (b. 1752 - d. 1826) D-R
6 May 1809 - 9 Jun 1809 James Butcher (acting)             (b. 17.. - d. 1824) D-R
9 Jun 1809 - 16 Nov 1811 Edward Lloyd                       (b. 1779 - d. 1834) D-R
16 Nov 1811 - 25 Nov 1812 Robert Bowie (2nd time)            (s.a.)               D-R
25 Nov 1812 - 2 Jan 1816 Levin Winder                       (b. 1757 - d. 1819) Fed
2 Jan 1816 - 8 Jan 1819 Charles Ridgely                    (b. 1760 - d. 1829) Fed
8 Jan 1819 - 20 Dec 1819 Charles Goldsborough               (b. 1765 - d. 1834) Fed
20 Dec 1819 - 16 Dec 1822 Samuel Sprigg                      (b. 1783 - d. 1855) D-R
16 Dec 1822 - 9 Jan 1826 Samuel Stevens, Jr.                (b. 1778 - d. 1860) D-R
9 Jan 1826 - 15 Jan 1829 Joseph Kent                        (b. 1779 - d. 1837) Dem
15 Jan 1829 - 15 Jan 1830 Daniel J. Martin (1st time)        (b. 1780 - d. 1831) Whg
15 Jan 1830 - 13 Jan 1831 Thomas King Carroll                (b. 1793 - d. 1873) Dem
13 Jan 1831 - 11 Jul 1831 Daniel J. Martin (2nd time)        (s.a.)               AJP
11 Jul 1831 - 17 Jan 1833 George Howard                      (b. 1789 - d. 1846) Whg
17 Jan 1833 - 14 Jan 1836 James Thomas                       (b. 1785 - d. 1845) Whg
14 Jan 1836 - 7 Jan 1839 Thomas W. Veazey                   (b. 1774 - d. 1842) Whg
7 Jan 1839 - 3 Jan 1842 William Grason                     (b. 1788 - d. 1868) Dem
3 Jan 1842 - 6 Jan 1845 Francis Thomas                     (b. 1799 - d. 1876) Dem
6 Jan 1845 - 3 Jan 1848 Thomas G. Pratt                    (b. 1804 - d. 1869) Whg
3 Jan 1848 - 6 Jan 1851 Philip Francis Thomas              (b. 1810 - d. 1890) Dem
6 Jan 1851 - 11 Jan 1854 Enoch Louis Lowe                   (b. 1820 - d. 1892) Dem
11 Jan 1854 - 13 Jan 1858 Thomas Watkins Ligon               (b. 1810 - d. 1881) Dem
13 Jan 1858 - 8 Jan 1862 Thomas Holliday Hicks              (b. 1798 - d. 1865) AP;1861 Rep
8 Jan 1862 - 10 Jan 1866 Augustus W. Bradford               (b. 1806 - d. 1881) Uni
10 Jan 1866 - 13 Jan 1869 Thomas Swann                       (b. 1809 - d. 1883) Uni;1866 Dem
13 Jan 1869 - 10 Jan 1872 Oden Bowie                         (b. 1826 - d. 1894) Dem
10 Jan 1872 - 4 Mar 1874 William Pinkney Whyte              (b. 1824 - d. 1908) Dem
4 Mar 1874 - 12 Jan 1876 James Black Groome                 (b. 1838 - d. 1893) Dem
12 Jan 1876 - 14 Jan 1880 John Lee Carroll                   (b. 1830 - d. 1911) Dem
14 Jan 1880 - 9 Jan 1884 William T. Hamilton                (b. 1820 - d. 1888) Dem
9 Jan 1884 - 27 Mar 1885 Robert M. McLane                   (b. 1815 - d. 1898) Dem
27 Mar 1885 - 11 Jan 1888 Henry Lloyd                        (b. 1852 - d. 1920) Dem
11 Jan 1888 - 13 Jan 1892 Elihu E. Jackson                   (b. 1837 - d. 1907) Dem
13 Jan 1892 - 8 Jan 1896 Frank Brown                        (b. 1846 - d. 1920) Dem
8 Jan 1896 - 10 Jan 1900 Lloyd Lowndes                      (b. 1845 - d. 1905) Rep
10 Jan 1900 - 13 Jan 1904 John Walter Smith                  (b. 1845 - d. 1925) Dem
13 Jan 1904 - 8 Jan 1908 Edwin Warfield                     (b. 1848 - d. 1920) Dem
8 Jan 1908 - 10 Jan 1912 Austin L. Crothers                 (b. 1860 - d. 1912) Dem
10 Jan 1912 - 12 Jan 1916 Phillips Lee Goldsborough          (b. 1865 - d. 1946) Rep
12 Jan 1916 - 14 Jan 1920 Emerson C. Harrington              (b. 1864 - d. 1945) Dem
14 Jan 1920 - 9 Jan 1935 Albert C. Ritchie                  (b. 1876 - d. 1936) Dem
9 Jan 1935 - 11 Jan 1939 Harry W. Nice                      (b. 1877 - d. 1941) Rep
11 Jan 1939 - 3 Jan 1947 Herbert R. O'Conor                 (b. 1896 - d. 1959) Dem
3 Jan 1947 - 10 Jan 1951 William Preston Lane, Jr.          (b. 1892 - d. 1967) Dem
10 Jan 1951 - 14 Jan 1959 Theodore R. McKeldin               (b. 1900 - d. 1974) Rep
14 Jan 1959 - 25 Jan 1967 J. Millard Tawes                   (b. 1894 - d. 1979) Dem
25 Jan 1967 - 7 Jan 1969 Spiro T. Agnew                     (b. 1918 - d. 1996) Rep
7 Jan 1969 - 17 Jan 1979 Marvin Mandel                      (b. 1920 - d. 2015) Dem
                             (suspended 7 Oct 1977 - 11 Jan 1979)
4 Jun 1977 - 15 Jan 1979 Blair Lee III                      (b. 1916 - d. 1985) Dem
                             (acting for Mandel)
17 Jan 1979 - 20 Jan 1987 Harry R. Hughes                    (b. 1926 - d. 2019) Dem
20 Jan 1987 - 18 Jan 1995 William Donald Schaefer            (b. 1921 - d. 2011) Dem
18 Jan 1995 - 15 Jan 2003 Parris N. Glendening               (b. 1942)            Dem
15 Jan 2003 - 17 Jan 2007 Robert "Bob" L. Ehrlich, Jr.       (b. 1957)            Rep 17 Jan 2007 - 21 Jan 2015 Martin J. O'Malley                 (b. 1963)    Dem21 Jan 2015 - 18 Jan 2023 Lawrence "Larry" J. Hogan, Jr. (b. 1956)            Rep 18 Jan 2023 -      Westley "Wes" W.O. Moore   (b. 1978)    Dem

Massachusetts

1636 - 1686

29 Apr 1776 - 18 Mar 1908


Adopted 18 Mar 1908


6 Mar 1915 - 31 Oct 1971 Reverse

Map of Massachusetts	Official State Song "All Hail to Massachusetts" Adopted 3 Sep 1966	Official Folk Song "Massachusetts" Adopted 6 Jul 1981	State Constitution (15 Jun 1780)
Ceremonial March "The Road to Boston" Adopted 13 Nov 1985	Official Patriotic Song "Massachusetts (Because of You Our Land is Free)" Adopted 23 Oct 1989	State Polka "Say Hello to Someone in Massachusetts" Adopted 1 Oct 1998	Official Ode "Ode to Massachusetts" Adopted 16 Nov 2000
Capital: Boston (Watertown 22 Apr 1775 - 17 Mar 1776; Concord 7 Oct 1774 - 22 Apr 1775)	Motto: Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (By the sword we seekpeace, but peace only under liberty)	Nickname: The Bay State	Population: 7,029,917 (2020)

Mayors of Boston	Chronology `25 Dec 1620 Pilgrims settle at Plymouth Bay (Plymouth Bay colony).` `Autumn 1621 First Thanksgiving is celebrated in Plymouth by governor Bradford and the Pilgrims with Massasoit and members of the Wampanoag tribe. Aug 1622 - Mar 1623 Wessagusset (sometimes called the Weston) settlement near modern in Weymouth.Sep 1623 - spring 1624 Robert Gorges commissioned as governor-general of New England settles at modern Weymouth. 1625 - Jun 1628 Mount Wollaston (later Mare Mount) settlement` `near modern day Quincy.` `4 Mar 1629 The Charter of Massachusetts Bay. 14 Mar 1629 Massachusetts Bay Colony` `30 Apr 1629 The Form of Government for the Colony. 13 Mar 1677 -` `17 Oct 1691` `Province ofMaineadministered by Massachusetts.25 May 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Part of theDominion of New England` `(Massachusetts crown colony).17 Oct 1691 Colony of the Massachusetts Bay, Colony of (New) Plymouth, Province of Maine, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and parts of Nova Scotia are united as a crown colony by royal charter. 17 Oct 1691 - 1696 Nova Scotia annexed to Massachusetts Bay.` `17 Oct 1691 -` `15 Mar 1820 Maine part of Massachusetts.16 May 1692 Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England` `5 May 1775 - 17 Mar 1776 British occupy Boston.` 5 May 1775 Provincial Congress passes a resolve withdrawing recognition of the provincial Governor. 20 Jun 1775 Provincial Congress accepts the recommendations of the Continental Congress on recognizing the offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor vacant. 17 Mar 1776 British administration leaves Boston. 17 Mar 1776 Colony of the Massachusetts Bay (official use by Provincial Congress and Council bf.17 Mar 1776).`18 Jul 1776 State of the Massachusetts Bay` `18 Jul 1776 Independence as one of the "free and independent states" is proclaimed on the orders of the Council, public ceremony, State House, Boston. 25 Oct 1780 Commonwealth of Massachusetts` `6 Feb 1788 State of the U.S.`
Plymouth Colony (1620-1691)
Dominion of New England (1686-1689)
Map of Cape Cod
The Mayflower Compact (1620)

Governor-General of New EnglandSep 1623 - spring 1624     Robert Gorges    (b. 1595 - d. 162.)                            (at modern Weymouth)Governors of Mount Wollaston (later Mare Mount)
1625 - 1626                Richard Wollaston    (d. 1626)
1626 - Jun 1628            Thomas Morton    (b. c.1579 - d. 1647)
Governors13 May 1628 - 30 Oct 1629 Matthew Cradock (in London)    (b. c.1590 - d. 1641)30 Apr 1629 - 20 Oct 1630 John Endecott (1st time)           (b. 1589? - d. 1665)
20 Oct 1630 - 14 May 1634 John Winthrop (1st time)           (b. 1588 - d. 1649)
14 May 1634 - 6 May 1635 Thomas Dudley (1st time)           (b. 1576 - d. 1653)
6 May 1635 - 25 May 1636 John Haynes                        (b. 1594 - d. 1654)
25 May 1636 - 17 May 1637 Sir Henry Vane                     (b. 1613 - d. 1662)
17 May 1637 - 13 May 1640 John Winthrop (2nd time)           (s.a.)
13 May 1640 - 2 Jun 1641 Thomas Dudley (2nd time)           (s.a.)
2 Jun 1641 - 18 May 1642 Richard Bellingham (1st time)      (b. 1592 - d. 1672)
18 May 1642 - 29 May 1644 John Winthrop (3rd time)           (s.a.)
29 May 1644 - 14 May 1645 John Endecott (2nd time)           (s.a.)
14 May 1645 - 6 May 1646 Thomas Dudley (3rd time)           (s.a.)
6 May 1646 - 26 Mar 1649 John Winthrop (4th time)           (s.a.)
6 May 1649 - 22 May 1650 John Endecott (3rd time)           (s.a.)
22 May 1650 - 7 May 1651 Thomas Dudley (4th time)           (s.a.)
7 May 1651 - 3 May 1654 John Endecott (4th time)           (s.a.)
3 May 1654 - 23 May 1655 Richard Bellingham (2nd time)      (s.a.)
23 May 1655 - 15 Mar 1665 John Endecott (5th time)           (s.a.)
3 May 1665 - 12 Dec 1672 Richard Bellingham (3rd time)      (s.a.)
12 Dec 1672 - 28 May 1679 John Leverett    (b. 1616 - d. 1679)
28 May 1679 - 17 May 1686 Simon Bradstreet (1st time)        (b. 1603 - d. 1697)
17 May 1686 - 20 Dec 1686 Joseph Dudley (1st time)           (b. 1647 - d. 1720)
20 Dec 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Sir Edmund Andros                  (b. 1637 - d. 1714)
18 Apr 1689 - 16 May 1692 Simon Bradstreet (2nd time)        (s.a.)
Captains General and Governors-in-Chief 16 May 1692 - 17 Nov 1694 Sir William Phips                  (b. 1651 - d. 1695)
4 Dec 1694 - 26 May 1699 William Stoughton (1st time)       (b. 1631 - d. 1701)
                             (acting)
26 May 1699 - 17 Jul 1700 Richard Coote, Earl of Bellomont   (b. 1636 - d. 1701)
22 Jul 1700- 7 Jul 1701 William Stoughton (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
10 Jul 1701 - 11 Jun 1702 Governor's Council 11 Jun 1702 - 3 Feb 1715 Joseph Dudley (2nd time)           (s.a.)
4 Feb 1715 - 21 Mar 1715 Governor's Council
21 Mar 1715 - 9 Nov 1715 Joseph Dudley (3rd time)           (s.a.) 9 Nov 1715 - Apr 1716 Elizeus Burgess    (b. c.1670 - d. 1736) (did not take office) 9 Nov 1715 - 5 Oct 1716 William Tailer (1st time)(acting) (b. 1677 - d. 1732) 5 Oct 1716 - 1 Jan 1723 Samuel Shute                       (b. 1662 - d. 1742)
2 Jan 1723 - 19 Jul 1728 William Dummer (1st time)    (b. 1677 - d. 1761)
19 Jul 1728 - 7 Sep 1729 William Burnett                    (b. 1688 - d. 1729)
10 Sep 1729 - 11 Jun 1730 William Dummer (acting)    (b. 1677 - d. 1761)
11 Jun 1730 - 10 Aug 1730 William Tailer (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
10 Aug 1730 - 14 Aug 1741 Jonathan Belcher                   (b. 1682 - d. 1757)
14 Aug1741 - 11 Sep 1749 William Shirley (1st time)         (b. 1694 - d. 1771)
15 Sep 1749 - 7 Aug 1753 Spencer Phips (1st time)(acting)   (b. 1685 - d. 1757)
7 Aug 1753 - 25 Sep 1756 William Shirley (2nd time)         (s.a.)
25 Sep 1756 - 4 Apr 1757 Spencer Phips (2nd time)(acting)   (s.a.)
5 Apr 1757 - 3 Aug 1757 Governor's Council
3 Aug 1757 - 3 Jun 1760 Thomas Pownall                     (b. 1722 - d. 1805)
3 Jun 1760 - 2 Aug 1760 Thomas Hutchinson (1st time)       (b. 1771 - d. 1780)
                             (acting)
2 Aug 1760 - 1 Aug 1769 Sir Francis Bernard                (b. 1712 - d. 1779)
2 Aug 1769 - 17 May 1774 Thomas Hutchinson (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting to 14 Mar 1771) 17 May 1774 - 17 Mar 1776 Thomas Gage    (b. 1721 - d. 1787) (leaves Massachusetts 10 Oct 1775) 10 Oct 1775 - 17 Mar 1776 Thomas Oliver (acting for Gage)    (b. 1734 - d. 1815)Chairman of the Provincial Congress 7 Oct 1774 - 11 Oct 1774 John Hancock            (b. 1737 - d. 1793)
Presidents of the Provincial Congress 11 Oct 1774 - 10 Dec 1774 John Hancock (1st time) (s.a.) 10 Dec 1774 - 1 Feb 1775 dissolution period 1 Feb 1775 - 29 May 1775 John Hancock (2nd time) (s.a.)29 May 1775 - 31 May 1775 dissolution period 31 May 1775 - 17 Jun 1775 Joseph Warren    (b. 1741 - d. 1775)17 Jun 1775 - 19 Jun 1775 Vacant 19 Jun 1775 - 19 Jul 1775 James Warren (b. 1726 - d. 1808) Presidents of the Council27 Jul 1775 - 12 Sep 1775 James Otis (1st time) (b. 1702 - d. 1778)21 Sep 1775 - 6 Oct 1775 William Sever (1st time)           (b. 1729 - d. 1809) 7 Oct 1775 - 16 Oct 1775 James Otis (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Oct 1775 - 19 Oct 1775 James Bowdoin (1st time)           (b. 1726 - d. 1790)
20 Oct 1775 - 23 Oct 1775 James Otis (3rd time) (s.a.)
24 Oct 1775 - 25 Oct 1775 James Bowdoin (2nd time)           (s.a.)
26 Oct 1775 - 16 Nov 1775 James Otis (4th time) (s.a.)
29 Nov 1775 - 5 Dec 1775 Walter Spooner (1st time) (b. 1720 - d. 1803)
6 Dec 1775 - 29 Dec 1775 William Sever (2nd time)           (s.a.)
30 Dec 1775 - 15 Jan 1776 Walter Spooner (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Jan 1776 - 12 Feb 1776 William Sever (3rd time)           (s.a.)
13 Feb 1776 - 23 Feb 1776 Benjamin Greenleaf                 (b. 1732 - d. 1799)
14 Mar 1776 - 29 Mar 1776 William Sever (4th time)           (s.a.)
30 Mar 1776 - 30 Apr 1776 James Otis (5th time) (s.a.)
1 May 1776 - 3 May 1776 James Bowdoin (3rd time)           (s.a.)
4 May 1776 - 7 May 1776 James Otis (6th time) (s.a.)
8 May 1776                James Bowdoin (4th time)           (s.a.)
9 May 1776 - 13 May 1776 James Otis (7th time) (s.a.)
30 May 1776 - 22 Jun 1776 James Bowdoin (5th time)           (s.a.)
24 Jun 1776 - 4 Jul 1776 Jeremiah Powell (1st time)         (b. 1720 - d. 1784)
5 Jul 1776 - 16 Jul 1776 James Bowdoin (6th time)           (s.a.)
17 Jul 1776                Richard Darby, Jr.                 (b. 1736 - d. 1781)
17 Jul 1776 - 16 Aug 1776 "various individuals"
16 Aug 1776 - 25 Sep 1776 James Bowdoin (7th time)           (s.a.)
26 Sep 1776 - 4 Oct 1776 Walter Spooner (3rd time) (s.a.)
9 Oct 1776 - 16 Nov 1776 James Bowdoin (8th time)           (s.a.)
18 Nov 1776 - 2 Dec 1776 Jeremiah Powell (2nd time)         (s.a.)
3 Dec 1776 - 11 Feb 1777 James Bowdoin (9th time)           (s.a.)
12 Feb 1777 - 10 Jul 1777 Jeremiah Powell (3rd time)         (s.a.)
11 Jul 1777 - 21 Jul 1777 Artemas Ward (1st time)            (b. 1727 - d. 1800)
22 Jul 1777 - 1 Aug 1777 William Sever (5th time)           (s.a.)
2 Aug 1777 - 13 Aug 1777 Artemas Ward (2nd time)            (s.a.)
14 Aug 1777 - 1 Jun 1778 Jeremiah Powell (4th time)         (s.a.)
2 Jun 1778 - 8 Jun 1778 Artemas Ward (3rd time)            (s.a.)
9 Jun 1778 - 7 Jun 1779 Jeremiah Powell (5th time)         (s.a.)
8 Jun 1779 - 10 Jun 1779 Artemas Ward (4th time)            (s.a.)
11 Jun 1779 - 16 Oct 1779 Jeremiah Powell (6th time)         (s.a.)
18 Oct 1779 - 23 Oct 1779 Artemas Ward (5th time)            (s.a.)
25 Oct 1779 - 9 Nov 1779 William Sever (6th time)           (s.a.)
10 Nov 1779 - 1 Dec 1779 Artemas Ward (6th time)            (s.a.)
2 Dec 1779 - 7 Jun 1780 Jeremiah Powell (7th time)         (s.a.)
8 Jun 1780 - 25 Aug 1780 James Bowdoin (10th time)          (s.a.)
28 Aug 1780 - 5 Sep 1780 Jeremiah Powell (8th time)         (s.a.)
6 Sep 1780 - 16 Sep 1780 James Bowdoin (11th time)          (s.a.)
18 Sep 1780 - 13 Oct 1780 Jeremiah Powell (9th time)         (s.a.)
14 Oct 1780 - 18 Oct 1780 James Bowdoin (12th time)          (s.a.)
19 Oct 1780 - 25 Oct 1780 Jeremiah Powell (10th time)        (s.a.)
Governors
25 Oct 1780 - 18 Feb 1785 John Hancock (1st time)            (s.a.) Fed
18 Feb 1785 - 27 May 1785 Thomas Cushing III (acting)        (b. 1725 - d. 1788)
27 May 1785 - 1 Jun 1787 James Bowdoin                      (s.a.) Fed
1 Jun 1787 - 8 Oct 1793 John Hancock (2nd time)            (s.a.) Fed
8 Oct 1793 - 2 Jun 1797 Samuel Adams (b. 1722 - d. 1803) D-R
(acting to 29 May 1794) 2 Jun 1797 - 7 Jun 1799 Increase Sumner                    (b. 1746 - d. 1799) Fed
7 Jun 1799 - 20 May 1800 Moses Gill (acting)                (b. 1734 - d. 1800) Fed
20 May 1800 - 30 May 1800 Thomas Dawes    (b. 1731 - d. 1809) Fed    (chairman of the governor's council) 30 May 1800 - 29 May 1807 Caleb Strong (1st time)            (b. 1745 - d. 1819) Fed
29 May 1807 - 10 Dec 1808 James Sullivan                     (b. 1744 - d. 1808) D-R
10 Dec 1808 - 1 May 1809 Levi Lincoln (acting)              (b. 1749 - d. 1820) D-R
1 May 1809 - 10 Jun 1810 Christopher Gore                   (b. 1758 - d. 1827) Fed
10 Jun 1810 - 4 Mar 1812 Elbridge Gerry                     (b. 1744 - d. 1814) D-R
4 Mar 1812 - 30 May 1816 Caleb Strong (2nd time)            (s.a.)               Fed
30 May 1816 - 31 May 1823 John Brooks                        (b. 1752 - d. 1825) Fed
31 May 1823 - 6 Feb 1825 William Eustis                     (b. 1753 - d. 1825) D-R
6 Feb 1825 - 26 May 1825 Marcus Morton (1st time) (acting) (b. 1784 - d. 1864) D-R
26 May 1825 - 9 Jan 1834 Levi Lincoln, Jr.                  (b. 1782 - d. 1868) D-F
9 Jan 1834 - 1 Mar 1835 John Davis (1st time)              (b. 1787 - d. 1854) Whg
1 Mar 1835 - 13 Jan 1836 Samuel T. Armstrong (acting)       (b. 1784 - d. 1850) Whg
13 Jan 1836 - 18 Jan 1840 Edward Everett                     (b. 1794 - d. 1865) Whg
18 Jan 1840 - 7 Jan 1841 Marcus Morton (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Dem
7 Jan 1841 - 17 Jan 1843 John Davis (2nd time)              (s.a.)               Whg
17 Jan 1843 - 9 Jan 1844 Marcus Morton (3rd time)           (s.a.)               Dem
9 Jan 1844 - 11 Jan 1851 George N. Briggs                   (b. 1796 - d. 1861) Whg
11 Jan 1851 - 14 Jan 1853 George S. Boutwell                 (b. 1818 - d. 1905) DFS
14 Jan 1853 - 12 Jan 1854 John H. Clifford                   (b. 1809 - d. 1876) Whg
12 Jan 1854 - 4 Jan 1855 Emory Washburn                     (b. 1800 - d. 1877) Whg
4 Jan 1855 - 7 Jan 1858 Henry J. Gardner                   (b. 1818 - d. 1892) AP
7 Jan 1858 - 3 Jan 1861 Nathaniel P. Banks                 (b. 1816 - d. 1894) Rep
3 Jan 1861 - 4 Jan 1866 John A. Andrew                     (b. 1818 - d. 1867) Rep
4 Jan 1866 - 7 Jan 1869 Alexander H. Bullock               (b. 1816 - d. 1882) Rep
7 Jan 1869 - 4 Jan 1872 William Claflin                    (b. 1818 - d. 1905) Rep
4 Jan 1872 - 29 Apr 1874 William B. Washburn                (b. 1820 - d. 1887) Rep
29 Apr 1874 - 7 Jan 1875 Thomas Talbot (1st time) (acting) (b. 1818 - d. 1886) Rep
7 Jan 1875 - 6 Jan 1876 William Gaston                     (b. 1820 - d. 1894) Dem
6 Jan 1876 - 2 Jan 1879 Alexander H. Rice                  (b. 1818 - d. 1895) Rep
2 Jan 1879 - 8 Jan 1880 Thomas Talbot (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Rep
8 Jan 1880 - 4 Jan 1883 John D. Long                       (b. 1838 - d. 1915) Rep
4 Jan 1883 - 3 Jan 1884 Benjamin F. Butler                 (b. 1818 - d. 1893) Dem
3 Jan 1884 - 6 Jan 1887 George D. Robinson                 (b. 1834 - d. 1896) Rep
6 Jan 1887 - 7 Jan 1890 Oliver Ames                        (b. 1831 - d. 1895) Rep
7 Jan 1890 - 8 Jan 1891 John Q.A. Brackett                 (b. 1842 - d. 1918) Rep
8 Jan 1891 - 4 Jan 1894 William E. Russell                 (b. 1857 - d. 1896) Dem
4 Jan 1894 - 5 Mar 1896 Frederic T. Greenhalge             (b. 1842 - d. 1896) Rep
5 Mar 1896 - 4 Jan 1900 Roger Wolcott                      (b. 1847 - d. 1900) Rep
4 Jan 1900 - 8 Jan 1903 Winthrop M. Crane                  (b. 1853 - d. 1920) Rep
8 Jan 1903 - 5 Jan 1905 John L. Bates                      (b. 1859 - d. 1946) Rep
5 Jan 1905 - 4 Jan 1906 William L. Douglas                 (b. 1845 - d. 1924) Dem
4 Jan 1906 - 7 Jan 1909 Curtis Guild, Jr.                  (b. 1860 - d. 1915) Rep
7 Jan 1909 - 5 Jan 1911 Eben S. Draper                     (b. 1858 - d. 1914) Rep
5 Jan 1911 - 8 Jan 1914 Eugene N. Foss                     (b. 1858 - d. 1939) Dem
8 Jan 1914 - 6 Jan 1916 David I. Walsh                     (b. 1872 - d. 1947) Dem
6 Jan 1916 - 2 Jan 1919 Samuel W. McCall                   (b. 1851 - d. 1923) Rep
2 Jan 1919 - 6 Jan 1921 Calvin Coolidge                    (b. 1872 - d. 1933) Rep
6 Jan 1921 - 8 Jan 1925 Channing H. Cox                    (b. 1879 - d. 1968) Rep
8 Jan 1925 - 3 Jan 1929 Alvan T. Fuller                    (b. 1878 - d. 1958) Rep
3 Jan 1929 - 8 Jan 1931 Frank G. Allen                     (b. 1874 - d. 1950) Rep
8 Jan 1931 - 3 Jan 1935 Joseph B. Ely                      (b. 1881 - d. 1956) Dem
3 Jan 1935 - 7 Jan 1937 James M. Curley                    (b. 1874 - d. 1958) Dem
7 Jan 1937 - 5 Jan 1939 Charles F. Hurley                  (b. 1893 - d. 1946) Dem
5 Jan 1939 - 3 Jan 1945 Leverett Saltonstall               (b. 1892 - d. 1979) Rep
3 Jan 1945 - 2 Jan 1947 Maurice J. Tobin                   (b. 1901 - d. 1953) Dem
2 Jan 1947 - 6 Jan 1949 Robert F. Bradford                 (b. 1902 - d. 1983) Rep
6 Jan 1949 - 8 Jan 1953 Paul A. Dever                      (b. 1903 - d. 1958) Dem
8 Jan 1953 - 3 Jan 1957 Christian A. Herter                (b. 1895 - d. 1966) Rep
3 Jan 1957 - 5 Jan 1961 Foster Furcolo                     (b. 1911 - d. 1995) Dem
5 Jan 1961 - 3 Jan 1963 John A. Volpe (1st time)           (b. 1908 - d. 1994) Rep
3 Jan 1963 - 7 Jan 1965 Endicott Peabody                   (b. 1920 - d. 1997) Dem
7 Jan 1965 - 22 Jan 1969 John A. Volpe (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Rep
22 Jan 1969 - 2 Jan 1975 Francis W. Sargent                 (b. 1915 - d. 1998) Rep 2 Jan 1975 - 4 Jan 1979 Michael S. Dukakis (1st time)      (b. 1933)            Dem
4 Jan 1979 - 6 Jan 1983 Edward J. King                     (b. 1925 - d. 2006) Dem
6 Jan 1983 - 3 Jan 1991 Michael S. Dukakis (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Dem
3 Jan 1991 - 29 Jul 1997 William F. Weld                    (b. 1945)            Rep
29 Jul 1997 - 10 Apr 2001 Paul Cellucci                      (b. 1948 - d. 2013) Rep
10 Apr 2001 - 2 Jan 2003 Jane Swift (f)                     (b. 1965)            Rep
2 Jan 2003 - 4 Jan 2007 W. Mitt Romney                     (b. 1947)            Rep
4 Jan 2007 - 8 Jan 2015 Deval L. Patrick                   (b. 1956)            Dem 8 Jan 2015 - 5 Jan 2023 Charles "Charlie" D. Baker, Jr. (b. 1956)            Rep 5 Jan 2023 -    Maura Tracy Healey (f)           (b. 1971)            Dem

Dominion of New England

Map of Dominion
of New England

Capital: Boston

25 May 1686 Colony of the Massachusetts Bay, the Provinces of New Hampshire and Maine and the Narragansett Country (King's Province) are placed under the administration of the Territory and Dominion of New England in accordance with a royal commission (Territory and Dominion of New England in America). 6 Jun 1686 Colony of New Plymouth was added to the Dominion by the first royal commission to the governor-in-Chief Andros. 7 Apr 1688 Colonies of Rhode Island and Connecticut, Province ofNew York and East and West Jersey annexed to the dominion by the second royal commission to Andros. 18 Apr 1689 Dominion ceases to function as a result of a coup in Boston. 31 May 1689 New York revolt. 1689 Dis-established formally.

President of the Council of His Majesty's Territory and Dominion of New England in America 25 May 1686 - 20 Dec 1686 Joseph Dudley (b. 1647 - d. 1720) Captains General and Governors-in-Chief of His Majesty's Territory and Dominion of New England in America 20 Dec 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Sir Edmund Andros (b. 1637 - d. 1714) 18 Apr 1689 - 31 May 1689 Francis Nicholson (acting) (b. 1655 - d. 1728)

Plymouth Colony

Map of Plymouth Colony

Capital: Plymouth

Population: 7,424 (1690);
1,020 (1640)

21 Dec 1620 English colonists aboard theMayflowerarrive in America landing at Plymouth Rock. 25 Dec 1620 The Pilgrims establish Plymouth colony (sometimes spelled Plimouth). 15 Nov 1636 Pilgrim Code of Law and The Plymouth Agreement. 6 Jun 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Part of theDominion of New England. 17 Oct 1691 Part of Massachusetts.

Governors 21 Dec 1620 - 5 Apr 1621 John Carver (b. 1576 - d. 1621) Apr 1621 - 1 Jan 1633 William Bradford (1st time) (b. 1590 - d. 1657) 1 Jan 1633 - 27 Mar 1634 Edward Winslow (1st time) (b. 1595 - d. 1655) 27 Mar 1634 - 3 Mar 1635 Thomas Prence (1st time) (b. 1599 - d. 1673) 3 Mar 1635 - 1 Mar 1636 William Bradford (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Mar 1636 - 7 Mar 1637 Edward Winslow (2nd time) (s.a.) 7 Mar 1637 - 5 Jun 1638 William Bradford (3rd time) (s.a.) 5 Jun 1638 - 3 Jun 1639 Thomas Prence (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Jun 1639 - 5 Jun 1644 William Bradford (4th time) (s.a.) 5 Jun 1644 - 4 Jun 1645 Edward Winslow (3rd time) (s.a.) 4 Jun 1645 - 3 Jun 1657 William Bradford (5th time) (s.a.) 3 Jun 1657 - 3 Jun 1673 Thomas Prence (3rd time) (s.a.) 3 Jun 1673 - 18 Dec 1680 Josiah Winslow (b. 1628 - d. 1680) 18 Dec 1680 - 17 May 1686 Thomas Hinckley (1st time) (b. 1618 - d. 1705) 17 May 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Sir Edmund Andros (b. 1637 - d. 1714) 18 Apr 1689 - 17 Oct 1691 Thomas Hinckley (2nd time) (s.a.)

Michigan

[Flag of State
of Michigan (U.S.)]
Adopted 1 Aug 1911

Map of Michigan	Hear State Song "My Michigan"	Text of State Song Adopted 21 May 1937	State Constitution (1 Jan 1964)
Capital: Lansing (Detroit 1805-16 Mar 1847; Michigan Town 16 Mar 1847-1848)	Motto: Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice (If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you)	Nicknames: Wolverine State, The Lake State	Population: 10,077,331 (2020)

Mayors of Detroit	Chronology `24 Jul 1701 Ft. Detroit founded by France, principal fort of` `the Upper country (area along the Great Lakes),` `a part of New France.10 Feb 1763 Ceded to the U.K (Ft. Detroit surrendered to the` `British on 29 Nov 1760).22 Jun 1774 Part of Quebec.` `3 Sep 1783 Ceded to the U.S. by the U.K.13 Jul 1787 Part of Northwest Territory (seeOhio).` `11 Jul 1796 British relinquish forts Detroit and Mackinac (on 1 Sep 1796) to the U.S. by Jay's Treaty. 4 Jul 1800 Part ofIndianaTerritory.` `11 Jan 1805 Territory of Michigan (effective 30 Jun 1805).` `17 Jul 1812 - 18 Jul 1815 British occupy Fort Mackinac. 16 Aug 1812 - 28 Sep 1813 British occupy Fort Detroit.16 Aug 1812 - 28 Sep 1813 British occupiers declared Michigan re-annexed.26 Jan 1837 State`
Mayors of Lansing

Lieutenant-governors of Detroit districtApr 1775 - Apr 1782        Henry Hamilton                     (b. c.1734 - d. 1796)Mil                            (arrived Nov 1775; from 25 Feb 1779 in U.S. captivity)23 Apr 1782 - 2 Aug 1785 Jehu Hay                           (b. 1748 - d. 1785) Mil                            (arrived 12 Jul 1784)Lieutenant-governor of Mackinac district 7 Apr 1775 - 18 Sep 1782 Patrick Sinclair (b. 1736 - d. 1820) Mil                   (arrived Oct 1779)Governors of Michigan 30 Jun 1805 - 29 Oct 1813 William Hull                       (b. 1753 - d. 1825) Mil                              (British prisoner 16 Aug - Sep 1812)
16 Aug 1812 - 25 Aug 1812 Isaac Brock                        (b. 1769 - d. 1812) Mil    (British commander)    25 Aug 1812 - 28 Sep 1813 Henry Patrick Procter              (b. 1763 - d. 1822) Mil    (British civil governor)         29 Oct 1813 - 6 Aug 1831 Lewis Cass                         (b. 1782 - d. 1866) Dem
6 Aug 1831 - 6 Jul 1834 George B. Porter                   (b. 1791 - d. 1834) Dem
6 Jul 1834 - 1 Sep 1835 Stevens Thomas Mason (1st time)    (b. 1811 - d. 1843) Dem
(acting) 1 Sep 1835 - 1 Nov 1835 John S. Horner (acting) (b. 1802 - d. 1883) Dem 1 Nov 1835 - 7 Jan 1840 Stevens Thomas Mason (2nd time)    (s.a.) Dem
   (acting to 2 Nov 1835) 7 Jan 1840 - 23 Feb 1841 William Woodbridge                 (b. 1780 - d. 1861) Whg
24 Feb 1841 - 3 Jan 1842 James Wright Gordon (acting)       (b. 1809 - d. 1853) Whg
3 Jan 1842 - 5 Jan 1846 John Stweart Barry (1st time)      (b. 1802 - d. 1870) Dem
5 Jan 1846 - 3 Mar 1847 Alpheus Felch                      (b. 1804 - d. 1896) Dem
4 Mar 1847 - 3 Jan 1848 William L. Greenly (acting)        (b. 1813 - d. 1883) Dem
3 Jan 1848 - 7 Jan 1850 Epaphroditus Ransom                (b. 1787 - d. 1859) Dem
7 Jan 1850 - 1 Jan 1852 John Stewart Barry (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Dem
1 Jan 1852 - 7 Mar 1853 Robert McClelland                  (b. 1807 - d. 1880) Dem
8 Mar 1853 - 3 Jan 1855 Andrew Parsons (acting)            (b. 1817 - d. 1855) Dem
3 Jan 1855 - 5 Jan 1859 Kinsley Scott Bingham              (b. 1808 - d. 1861) Rep
5 Jan 1859 - 2 Jan 1861 Moses Wisner                       (b. 1815 - d. 1863) Rep
2 Jan 1861 - 3 Jan 1865 Austin Blair                       (b. 1818 - d. 1894) Rep
3 Jan 1865 - 6 Jan 1869 Henry Howland Crapo                (b. 1804 - d. 1869) Rep
6 Jan 1869 - 1 Jan 1873 Henry Porter Baldwin               (b. 1814 - d. 1892) Rep
1 Jan 1873 - 3 Jan 1877 John Judson Bagley                 (b. 1832 - d. 1881) Rep
3 Jan 1877 - 1 Jan 1881 Charles Miller Croswell            (b. 1825 - d. 1886) Rep
1 Jan 1881 - 1 Jan 1883 David Howell Jerome                (b. 1829 - d. 1896) Rep
1 Jan 1883 - 1 Jan 1885 Josiah Williams Begole             (b. 1815 - d. 1896) DGP
1 Jan 1885 - 1 Jan 1887 Russell Alexander Alger            (b. 1836 - d. 1907) Rep
1 Jan 1887 - 1 Jan 1891 Cyrus Gray Luce                    (b. 1824 - d. 1905) Rep
1 Jan 1891 - 1 Jan 1893 Edwin Baruch Winans                (b. 1826 - d. 1894) Dem
1 Jan 1893 - 1 Jan 1897 John Tyler Rich                    (b. 1841 - d. 1926) Rep
1 Jan 1897 - 1 Jan 1901 Hazen Stuart Pingree               (b. 1840 - d. 1901) Rep
1 Jan 1901 - 1 Jan 1905 Aaron Thomas Bliss                 (b. 1837 - d. 1906) Rep
2 Jan 1905 - 2 Jan 1911 Fred Maltby Warner                 (b. 1865 - d. 1923) Rep
2 Jan 1911 - 1 Jan 1913 Chase Salmon Osborn                (b. 1860 - d. 1949) Rep
1 Jan 1913 - 1 Jan 1917 Woodbridge Nathan Ferris           (b. 1853 - d. 1928) Dem
1 Jan 1917 - 1 Jan 1921 Albert Eeson Sleeper               (b. 1862 - d. 1934) Rep
1 Jan 1921 - 1 Jan 1927 Alexander Joseph Groesbeck         (b. 1873 - d. 1953) Rep
1 Jan 1927 - 1 Jan 1931 Fred Warren Green                  (b. 1872 - d. 1936) Rep
1 Jan 1931 - 1 Jan 1933 Wilber Marion Brucker              (b. 1894 - d. 1968) Rep
1 Jan 1933 - 1 Jan 1935 William Alfred Comstock            (b. 1877 - d. 1949) Dem
1 Jan 1935 - 1 Jan 1937 Frank Dwight Fitzgerald (1st time) (b. 1885 - d. 1939) Rep
1 Jan 1937 - 1 Jan 1939 Frank William Murphy               (b. 1890 - d. 1949) Dem
1 Jan 1939 - 16 Mar 1939 Frank Dwight Fitzgerald (2nd time) (s.a.)               Rep
16 Mar 1939 - 1 Jan 1941 Luren Dudley Dickinson             (b. 1859 - d. 1943) Rep
1 Jan 1941 - 1 Jan 1943 Murray Delos Van Wagoner           (b. 1898 - d. 1986) Dem
1 Jan 1943 - 1 Jan 1947 Harry Francis Kelly                (b. 1895 - d. 1971) Rep
1 Jan 1947 - 1 Jan 1949 Kimber Cornellus Sigler            (b. 1894 - d. 1953) Rep
1 Jan 1949 - 1 Jan 1961 Gehard Mennen Williams             (b. 1911 - d. 1988) Dem
1 Jan 1961 - 1 Jan 1963 John Burley Swainson               (b. 1925 - d. 1994) Dem
1 Jan 1963 - 22 Jan 1969 George Wilcken Romney              (b. 1907 - d. 1995) Rep
22 Jan 1969 - 1 Jan 1983 William Grawn Milliken             (b. 1922 - d. 2019) Rep
1 Jan 1983 - 1 Jan 1991 James Johnston Blanchard           (b. 1942)            Dem
1 Jan 1991 - 1 Jan 2003 John M. Engler                     (b. 1948)            Rep
1 Jan 2003 - 1 Jan 2011 Jennifer Granholm (f)              (b. 1959)            Dem 1 Jan 2011 - 1 Jan 2019 Richard "Rick" D. Snyder    (b. 1958) Rep 1 Jan 2019 -              Gretchen E. Whitmer (f)            (b. 1971)            Dem

Minnesota

4 Apr 1893 - 19 Mar 1957	4 Apr 1893 - 19 Mar 1957 Reverse	19 Mar 1957 - 1 Aug 1983	1 Aug 1983 - 11 May 2024
Adopted 11 May 2024

Map of Minnesota	Hear State Song "Hail! Minnesota"	Text of State Song Adopted 19 Apr 1945	State Constitution (11 May 1858)
Capital: Saint Paul	Motto: L'Étoile du Nord (The North Star)	Nicknames: North Star State, Land of 10,000 Lakes, Gopher State	Population: 5,706,494 (2020)

Mayors of Minneapolis	Chronology `13 Jul 1787 Northeast MN part of Northwest Territory` `(seeOhio).` `4 Jul 1800 Northeast MN part of Indiana Territory.` `26 Mar 1804 Southwest MN partLouisianaTerritory.` `2 Feb 1809 Northeast MN part of Illinois Territory.` `7 Dec 1812 Southwest MN part ofMissouriTerritory.` `3 Dec 1818 Northeast MN part ofMichiganTerritory.` `10 Aug 1821 Southwest MN unorganized territory.` `28 Jun 1834 Southwest MN part of Michigan Territory.` `4 Jul 1836 Northeast MN part ofWisconsinTerritory.` `4 Jul 1836 Southwest MN part of Wisconsin Territory.` `4 Jul 1838 Southwest MN part of Iowa Territory.` `28 Dec 1846 Southwest MN unorganized territory.` `3 Mar 1849 Territory of Minnesota.` `11 May 1858 State`
Mayors of St. Paul

Governors
1 Jun 1849 - 15 May 1853 Alexander Ramsey (1st time)        (b. 1815 - d. 1903) Whg
15 May 1853 - 23 Apr 1857 Willis Arnold Gorman               (b. 1816 - d. 1876) Dem
23 Apr 1857 - 24 May 1858 Samuel Medary                      (b. 1801 - d. 1864) Dem
24 May 1858 - 2 Jan 1860 Henry Hastings Sibley              (b. 1811 - d. 1891) Dem
2 Jan 1860 - 10 Jul 1863 Alexander Ramsey (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Rep
10 Jul 1863 - 11 Jan 1864 Henry Adoniram Swift               (b. 1823 - d. 1869) Rep
11 Jan 1864 - 8 Jan 1866 Stephen Miller                     (b. 1816 - d. 1881) Rep
8 Jan 1866 - 9 Jan 1870 William Rainey Marshall            (b. 1825 - d. 1896) Rep
9 Jan 1870 - 7 Jan 1874 Horace Austin                      (b. 1831 - d. 1905) Rep
7 Jan 1874 - 7 Jan 1876 Cushman Kellog Davis               (b. 1838 - d. 1900) Rep
7 Jan 1876 - 10 Jan 1882 John Sargent Pillsbury             (b. 1828 - d. 1901) Rep
10 Jan 1882 - 5 Jan 1887 Lucius Frederick Hubbard           (b. 1836 - d. 1913) Rep
5 Jan 1887 - 9 Jan 1889 Andrew Ryan McGill                 (b. 1840 - d. 1905) Rep
9 Jan 1889 - 4 Jan 1893 William Rush Merriam               (b. 1849 - d. 1931) Rep
4 Jan 1893 - 31 Jan 1895 Knute Nelson                       (b. 1843 - d. 1923) Rep
31 Jan 1895 - 2 Jan 1899 David Marston Clough               (b. 1846 - d. 1924) Rep
2 Jan 1899 - 7 Jan 1901 John Lind                          (b. 1854 - d. 1930) Dem
7 Jan 1901 - 4 Jan 1905 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant             (b. 1844 - d. 1936) Rep
4 Jan 1905 - 21 Sep 1909 John Albert Johnson                (b. 1861 - d. 1909) Dem
21 Sep 1909 - 5 Jan 1915 Adolph Olson Eberhart              (b. 1870 - d. 1944) Rep
5 Jan 1915 - 30 Dec 1915 Winfield Scott Hammond             (b. 1863 - d. 1915) Dem
30 Dec 1915 - 5 Jan 1921 Joseph Alfred Arner Burnquist      (b. 1879 - d. 1961) Rep
5 Jan 1921 - 6 Jan 1925 Jacob Aall Ottesen Preus           (b. 1883 - d. 1961) Rep
6 Jan 1925 - 6 Jan 1931 Theodore Christianson              (b. 1883 - d. 1948) Rep
6 Jan 1931 - 24 Aug 1936 Floyd Bjernstjerne Olson           (b. 1891 - d. 1936) MFL
24 Aug 1936 - 4 Jan 1937 Hjalmar Petersen                   (b. 1890 - d. 1968) MFL
4 Jan 1937 - 2 Jan 1939 Elmer Austin Benson                (b. 1895 - d. 1985) MFL
2 Jan 1939 - 27 Apr 1943 Harold Edward Stassen              (b. 1907 - d. 2001) Rep
27 Apr 1943 - 8 Jan 1947 Edward John Thye                   (b. 1896 - d. 1969) Rep
8 Jan 1947 - 27 Sep 1951 Luther Wallace Youngdahl           (b. 1896 - d. 1978) Rep
27 Sep 1951 - 5 Jan 1955 Clyde Elmer Anderson               (b. 1912 - d. 1998) Rep
5 Jan 1955 - 2 Jan 1961 Orville Lothrop Freeman            (b. 1918 - d. 2003) DFL
2 Jan 1961 - 25 Mar 1963 Elmer Lee Andersen                 (b. 1909 - d. 2004) Rep
25 Mar 1963 - 2 Jan 1967 Karl Fritjof Rolvaag               (b. 1913 - d. 1990) DFL
2 Jan 1967 - 4 Jan 1971 Harold Powrie LeVander             (b. 1910 - d. 1992) Rep
4 Jan 1971 - 29 Dec 1976 Wendell "Wendy" R. Anderson        (b. 1933 - d. 2016) DFL
29 Dec 1976 - 4 Jan 1979 Rudolph George Perpich (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 1995) DFL
4 Jan 1979 - 3 Jan 1983 Albert Harold Quie                 (b. 1923 - d. 2023) Rep
3 Jan 1983 - 7 Jan 1991 Rudolph George Perpich (2nd time) (s.a.)               DFL
7 Jan 1991 - 4 Jan 1999 Arne Helge Carlson                 (b. 1934)            Rep
4 Jan 1999 - 6 Jan 2003 Jesse ("the Body") Ventura         (b. 1951)            Ref;
                             (= James George Janos)                            3-4-2000 IPM
6 Jan 2003 - 3 Jan 2011 Tim Pawlenty                       (b. 1960)            Rep 3 Jan 2011 - 7 Jan 2019 Mark Dayton (b. 1947) Dem 7 Jan 2019 -              Timothy "Tim" J. Walz              (b. 1964)            Dem

Mississippi

9 Jan 1861 - 30 Mar 1861 Unofficial	30 Mar 1861 - 7 Feb 1894	1861 - 1894 Unofficial Variant	7 Feb 1894 - 30 Jun 2020
Adopted 11 Jan 2021

Map of Mississippi	Hear State Song "One Mississippi" Adopted 1 Jul 2022	Former State Song "Go, Mississippi" 17 May 1962 - 1 Jul 2022	State Constitution (1 Nov 1890)
Capital: Jackson (Natchez 1798 - 1802; Washington 1802 - 1821; Columbia 1821 - 23 Dec 1822; Macon 1863 - 1864 & 1865; Columbus 1864-1865)	Motto: Virtute et armis (By valor and arms)	Nickname: Magnolia State	Population: 2,961,279 (2020)

Mayors of Jackson	Chronology `7 Apr 1699 French establish Fort Maurepas (near modern Biloxi). Jun 1764 Part of West Florida.27 Oct 1795 Ceded by Spain to the U.S. (transferred` `on 30 Mar 1798).` `7 Apr 1798` `MississippiTerritory` `10 Dec 1817 State` `of` `Mississippi` `9 Jan 1861 Secession` `8 Feb 1861 Founding state of Confederate States of` `America.` `5 Oct 1863 - 10 Jan 1865 Confederate deserters led by Newton Knight` `(b. 1837 - d. 1922) seizes power in most of` `Jones county in southern Mississippi,` `creating` `so-called "Free State of Jones."` `22 Aug 1865 Ordinance of secession of 1861 is declared to be` `henceforward null and of no binding force.23 Feb 1870 Re-admitted to United States.`

Governors
18 Aug 1798 - 7 May 1801 Winthrop Sargent                   (b. 1753 - d. 1820) Fed                              (appointed 7 May 1798, arrived 6 Aug 1798) 3 Apr 1801 - 23 Nov 1801 John Steele                        (b. 1764 - d. 1815) Fed                              (acting [for Sargent to 7 May 1801]) 23 Nov 1801 - 2 Oct 1804 William Charles Coles Claiborne    (b. 1775 - d. 1817) D-R
2 Oct 1804 - 10 May 1805 Cato West (acting)     (b. 1765 - d. 1819) D-R 10 May 1805 - 3 Mar 1809 Robert Williams                    (b. 1773 - d. 1855) D-R
3 Mar 1809 - 30 Jun 1809 Thomas Hill Williams (acting)    (b. 1780 - d. 1840) D-R 30 Jun 1809 - 5 Jan 1820 David Holmes (1st time)            (b. 1769 - d. 1832) D-R 5 Jan 1820 - 7? Jan 1822 George Poindexter                  (b. 1779 - d. 1853) D-R
7? Jan 1822 - 17 Nov 1825 Walter Leake                       (b. 1762 - d. 1825) D-R
17 Nov 1825 - 7 Jan 1826 Gerard Chittocque Brandon          (b. 1788 - d. 1850) D-R
                             (1st time)(acting)
7 Jan 1826 - 25 Jul 1826 David Holmes (2nd time)            (s.a.)               D-R
25 Jul 1826 - 9 Jan 1832 Gerard Chittocque Brandon          (s.a.)               D-R
                             (2nd time)(acting to 9 Jan 1828)
9 Jan 1832 - 12 Jun 1833 Abram Marshall Scott               (b. 1785 - d. 1833) Dem
12 Jun 1833 - 21 Nov 1833 Charles Lynch (1st time) (acting) (b. 1783 - d. 1853) Dem
21 Nov 1833 - 21 Nov 1835 Hiram George Runnels               (b. 1796 - d. 1857) Dem
21 Nov 1835 - 3 Dec 1835 Vacant 3 Dec 1835 - 7 Jan 1836 John Anthony Quitman (1st time)    (b. 1798 - d. 1858) Whg
                             (acting)
7 Jan 1836 - 8 Jan 1838 Charles Lynch (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Dem
8 Jan 1838 - 10 Jan 1842 Alexander Gallatin McNutt          (b. 1802 - d. 1848) Dem
10 Jan 1842 - 10 Jan 1844 Tilgham Mayfield Tucker            (b. 1802 - d. 1859) Dem
10 Jan 1844 - 10 Jan 1848 Albert Gallatin Brown              (b. 1813 - d. 1880) Dem
10 Jan 1848 - 10 Jan 1850 Joseph Warren Matthews             (b. 1812 - d. 1862) Dem
10 Jan 1850 - 3 Feb 1851 John Anthony Quitman (2nd time)    (s.a.)               Dem
3 Feb 1851 - 4 Nov 1851 John Isaac Guion       (b. 1802 - d. 1855) Dem
4 Nov 1851 - 24 Nov 1851 Joseph Ephriam Bell    (b. 1811 - d. 1885) Dem                              (acting de facto) 24 Nov 1851 - 10 Jan 1852 James Whitfield            (b. 1791 - d. 1875) Dem
10 Jan 1852 - 6 Jan 1854 Henry Stuart Foote                 (b. 1804 - d. 1880) U-D
6 Jan 1854 - 10 Jan 1854 John Jones Pettus (1st time)       (b. 1813 - d. 1867) Dem
10 Jan 1854 - 16 Nov 1857 John Jones McRae                   (b. 1815 - d. 1861) Dem
16 Nov 1857 - 21 Nov 1859 William McWillie                   (b. 1795 - d. 1869) Dem
21 Nov 1859 - 16 Nov 1863 John Jones Pettus (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Dem
16 Nov 1863 - 13 Jun 1865 Charles Clark                      (b. 1810 - d. 1877) Mil/Dem                              (federal prisoner from 22 May 1865) 13 Jun 1865 - 16 Oct 1865 William Lewis Sharkey (provisional)(b. 1798 - d. 1873) Whg 16 Oct 1865 - 15 Jun 1868 Benjamin Grubb Humphreys           (b. 1808 - d. 1882) Dem 15 Jun 1868 - 10 Mar 1870 Adelbert Ames (1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1933) Mil/Rep10 Mar 1870 - 30 Nov 1871 James Lusk Alcorn                  (b. 1816 - d. 1894) Rep
30 Nov 1871 - 4 Jan 1874 Ridgley Ceylon Powers              (b. 1836 - d. 1912) Rep
4 Jan 1874 - 20 Mar 1876 Adelbert Ames (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Rep
20 Mar 1876 - 9 Jan 1882 John Marshall Stone (1st time)     (b. 1830 - d. 1900) Dem
9 Jan 1882 - 13 Jan 1890 Robert Lowry                       (b. 1830 - d. 1910) Dem
13 Jan 1890 - 20 Jan 1896 John Marshall Stone (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Dem
20 Jan 1896 - 16 Jan 1900 Anselm Joseph McLaurin             (b. 1848 - d. 1909) Dem
16 Jan 1900 - 19 Jan 1904 Andrew Houston Longino             (b. 1854 - d. 1942) Dem
19 Jan 1904 - 21 Jan 1908 James Kimble Vardaman              (b. 1861 - d. 1930) Dem
21 Jan 1908 - 16 Jan 1912 Edmund Favor Noel                  (b. 1856 - d. 1927) Dem
16 Jan 1912 - 18 Jan 1916 Earl LeRoy Brewer                  (b. 1869 - d. 1942) Dem
18 Jan 1916 - 18 Jan 1920 Theodore Gilmore Bilbo (1st time) (b. 1877 - d. 1947) Dem
18 Jan 1920 - 18 Jan 1924 Lee Maurice Russell                (b. 1875 - d. 1943) Dem
18 Jan 1924 - 18 Mar 1927 Henry Lewis Whitfield              (b. 1868 - d. 1927) Dem
18 Mar 1927 - 16 Jan 1928 Dennis Herron Murphree (1st time) (b. 1886 - d. 1949) Dem
16 Jan 1928 - 19 Jan 1932 Theodore Gilmore Bilbo (2nd time) (s.a.)               Dem
19 Jan 1932 - 21 Jan 1936 Martin "Mike" Sennett Conner       (b. 1891 - d. 1950) Dem
21 Jan 1936 - 16 Jan 1940 Hugh Lawson White (1st time)       (b. 1881 - d. 1965) Dem
16 Jan 1940 - 26 Dec 1943 Paul Burney Johnson                (b. 1880 - d. 1943) Dem
26 Dec 1943 - 18 Jan 1944 Dennis Herron Murphree (2nd time) (s.a.)               Dem
18 Jan 1944 - 2 Nov 1946 Thomas Lowry Bailey                (b. 1888 - d. 1946) Dem
2 Nov 1946 - 22 Jan 1952 Fielding Lewis Wright              (b. 1895 - d. 1956) Dem
22 Jan 1952 - 17 Jan 1956 Hugh Lawson White (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Dem
17 Jan 1956 - 19 Jan 1960 James Plemon "J.P." Coleman        (b. 1914 - d. 1991) Dem
19 Jan 1960 - 21 Jan 1964 Ross Robert Barnett                (b. 1898 - d. 1987) Dem
21 Jan 1964 - 16 Jan 1968 Paul Burney Johnson, Jr.           (b. 1916 - d. 1985) Dem
16 Jan 1968 - 18 Jan 1972 John Bell Williams                 (b. 1918 - d. 1983) Dem
18 Jan 1972 - 20 Jan 1976 William "Bill" Lowe Waller, Sr.    (b. 1926 - d. 2011) Dem
20 Jan 1976 - 22 Jan 1980 Charles Clifton "Cliff" Finch      (b. 1927 - d. 1986) Dem
22 Jan 1980 - 10 Jan 1984 William Forrest Winter             (b. 1923 - d. 2020) Dem
10 Jan 1984 - 12 Jan 1988 William "Bill" Alexander Allain    (b. 1928 - d. 2013) Dem
12 Jan 1988 - 14 Jan 1992 Raymond "Ray" Edwin Mabus, Jr.     (b. 1948)            Dem
14 Jan 1992 - 11 Jan 2000 Daniel Kirkwood "Kirk" Fordice, Jr.(b. 1934 - d. 2004) Rep
11 Jan 2000 - 13 Jan 2004 David Ronald "Ronnie" Musgrove     (b. 1956)            Dem
13 Jan 2004 - 10 Jan 2012 Haley Reeves Barbour               (b. 1947)            Rep 10 Jan 2012 - 14 Jan 2020 Dewey Phillip "Phil" Bryant     (b. 1954)    Rep 14 Jan 2020 -              Jonathon Tate Reeves               (b. 1974)    Rep

U.S. Military governors during Reconstruction22 May 1865 - 25 Jun 1865 Peter Joseph Osterhaus (b. 1823 - d. 1917) Mil25 Jun 1865 - 14 Nov 1865 William Warner Slocum, Sr. (b. 1827 - d. 1894) Mil
14 Nov 1865 - 17 Jan 1867 Thomas John Wood (b. 1823 - d. 1906) Mil Jan 1867 - 4 Jun 1868 Alvan Cullen Gillem (b. 1830 - d. 1875) Mil 4 Jun 1868 - 15 Jun 1868 Irvin McDowell (b. 1818 - d. 1885) Mil 15 Jun 1868 - 10 Mar 1870 Adelbert Ames (s.a.) Mil

Missouri


5 Jun 1861 - 1865 Confederate Missouri


Adopted 23 Mar 1913

Map of Missouri	Hear State Song "Missouri Waltz"	Text of State Song Adopted 22 Jun 1949	State Constitution (30 Mar 1945)
Capital: Jefferson City (St. Louis 1805 - 1821; Saint Charles 1821- 21 Nov 1825; Confederates - Neosho 1861-1863, Marshall 1863-1864)	Motto: Salus populi suprema lex esto (The welfare of the people shall be the supreme law)	Nickname: Show Me State	Population: 6,154,913 (2020)

Mayors of Kansas City	Chronology `3 Nov 1762 Ceded to Spain by France, a part of Louisiana.21 Mar 1801 Returned to France (not effected).30 Apr 1803 Sold to the U.S. by France.10 Mar 1804 U.S. assumes sovereignty (following period of` `9-10 Mar of the` `nominal French administration),` `an unorganized District of Louisiana.` `1 Oct 1804 District of Louisiana temporarily administered` `by the Indiana Territory.` `4 Jul 1805` `Louisiana` `Territory.` `7 Dec 1812 Missouri Territory.` `19 Jul 1820 State` `10 Aug 1821 Admitted to the U.S.` `28 Oct 1861 Secession by part of the state (decision of a` `"rump legislature" consisting of members of` `the disbanded legislature of the state).` `28 Nov 1861 - 1865 Accession to Confederate States of America` `(not recognized by U.S. government).`
Mayors of St. Louis

Lieutenant-governors of Upper Louisiana (in St. Louis)20 May 1770 - 19 May 1775 Pedro José Piernas               (b. 1729 - d. 1790)19 May 1775 - 17 Jun 1778 Francisco Zavier Cruzat (1st time) (b. 1739 - d. 1790)17 Jun 1778 - 8 Jun 1780 Fernando de Leyba Vizcaigaña (b. 1734 - d. 1780) 8 Jun 1770 - 24 Sep 1780 Silvio Francisco de Cartabona    (acting) 24 Sep 1780 - 27 Nov 1787 Francisco Zavier Cruzat (2nd time) (s.a.)27 Nov 1787 - 21 Jul 1792 Manuel Pérez                       (b. 1735 - d. 1819)21 Jul 1792 - 29 Aug 1799 Zénon Trudeau                      (b. 1748 - d. 1813)29 Aug 1799 - 9 Mar 1804 Charles de Hault de Lassus   (b. 1767 - d. 1843)Agent and Commissioner of the French Republic 9 Mar 1804 - 10 Mar 1804 Amos Stoddard                      (b. 1762 - d. 1813) Mil Commandant of District of Louisiana 10 Mar 1804 - 30 Sep 1804 Amos Stoddard                      (s.a.)               Mil Governors of Louisiana Territory
1 Oct 1804 - 4 Jul 1805 administered by Indiana Territory
4 Jul 1805 - 16 Aug 1806 James Wilkinson                    (b. 1757 - d. 1825) Mil/D-R
16 Aug 1806 - 7 Apr 1807 Joseph Browne (acting)             (b. 1758 - d. 1810)
7 Apr 1807 - 8 Mar 1808 Frederick Bates (acting)(1st time) (b. 1777 - d. 1825) D-R
8 Mar 1808 - 11 Oct 1809 Meriwether Lewis                   (b. 1774 - d. 1809) D-R
11 Oct 1809 - 17 Sep 1810 Frederick Bates (acting)(2nd time) (s.a.) D-R
17 Sep 1810 - 29 Nov 1812 Benjamin A. Howard (b. 1760 - d. 1814) Mil/D-R
29 Nov 1812 - 7 Dec 1812 Frederick Bates (3rd time)         (s.a.)               D-R
                             (acting)
Governors of Missouri
7 Dec 1812 - 1 Jul 1813 Frederick Bates (1st time)         (s.a.)               D-R
                             (acting)
1 Jul 1813 - 19 Sep 1820 William Clark                      (b. 1770 - d. 1838) D-R
19 Sep 1820 - 17 Nov 1824 Alexander McNair                   (b. 1775 - d. 1826) D-R
17 Nov 1824 - 4 Aug 1825 Frederick Bates (2nd time)         (s.a.)               D-R
4 Aug 1825 - 20 Jan 1826 Abraham Jude Williams (acting)     (b. 1781 - d. 1839) D-R
20 Jan 1826 - 21 Nov 1832 John Miller                        (b. 1781 - d. 1846) D-R
21 Nov 1832 - 30 Sep 1836 Daniel Dunklin                     (b. 1790 - d. 1844) Dem
30 Sep 1836 - 18 Nov 1840 Lilburn Wycliffe Boggs             (b. 1796 - d. 1860) Dem                              (acting to 23 Nov 1836) 18 Nov 1840 - 9 Feb 1844 Thomas Reynolds                    (b. 1796 - d. 1844) Dem
9 Feb 1844 - 20 Nov 1844 Meredith Miles Marmaduke (b. 1791 - d. 1864) Dem
20 Nov 1844 - 27 Dec 1848 John Cummins Edwards               (b. 1804 - d. 1888) Dem
27 Dec 1848 - 3 Jan 1853 Austin Augustus King               (b. 1802 - d. 1870) Dem
3 Jan 1853 - 5 Jan 1857 Sterling Price                     (b. 1809 - d. 1867) Dem
5 Jan 1857 - 27 Feb 1857 Trusten W. Polk                    (b. 1811 - d. 1876) Dem
27 Feb 1857 - 22 Oct 1857 Hancock Lee Jackson      (b. 1796 - d. 1876) Dem
22 Oct 1857 - 3 Jan 1861 Robert Marcellus Stewart           (b. 1815 - d. 1871) Dem
3 Jan 1861 - 30 Jul 1861 Claiborne Fox Jackson              (b. 1806 - d. 1862) Dem
                            (continues in dissidence from 30 Jul 1861;                              Confederate governor28 Oct 1861 - 7 Dec 1862;
                            in Arkansas exile from 8 Mar 1862)
31 Jul 1861 - 31 Jan 1864 Hamilton Rowan Gamble        (b. 1798 - d. 1864) Uni
7 Dec 1862 - 7 Mar 1865 Thomas Caute Reynolds              (b. 1821 - d. 1887) Dem
                             (Confederate governor, in Texas exile)
31 Jan 1864 - 2 Jan 1865 Willard Preble Hall          (b. 1820 - d. 1882) Uni
2 Jan 1865 - 12 Jan 1869 Thomas Clement Fletcher            (b. 1827 - d. 1899) Rep
12 Jan 1869 - 9 Jan 1871 Joseph Washington McClurg          (b. 1818 - d. 1900) Rep
9 Jan 1871 - 8 Jan 1873 Benjamin Gratz Brown               (b. 1826 - d. 1885) Lib-R
8 Jan 1873 - 12 Jan 1875 Silas Woodson                      (b. 1819 - d. 1896) Dem
12 Jan 1875 - 8 Jan 1877 Charles Henry Hardin               (b. 1820 - d. 1892) Dem
8 Jan 1877 - 10 Jan 1881 John Sith Phelps                   (b. 1814 - d. 1886) Dem
10 Jan 1881 - 12 Jan 1885 Thomas Theodore Crittenden         (b. 1832 - d. 1909) Dem
12 Jan 1885 - 28 Dec 1887 John Sappington Marmaduke          (b. 1833 - d. 1887) Dem
28 Dec 1887 - 14 Jan 1889 Albert Pickett Morehouse (acting) (b. 1835 - d. 1891) Dem
14 Jan 1889 - 9 Jan 1893 David Rowland Francis              (b. 1850 - d. 1927) Dem
9 Jan 1893 - 11 Jan 1897 William Joel Stone                 (b. 1848 - d. 1918) Dem
11 Jan 1897 - 14 Jan 1901 Lawrence Vest "Lon" Stephens       (b. 1858 - d. 1923) Dem
14 Jan 1901 - 9 Jan 1905 Alexander Monroe Dockery           (b. 1845 - d. 1926) Dem
9 Jan 1905 - 11 Jan 1909 Joseph Wingate Folk                (b. 1869 - d. 1923) Dem
11 Jan 1909 - 13 Jan 1913 Herbert Spencer Hadley             (b. 1872 - d. 1927) Rep
13 Jan 1913 - 8 Jan 1917 Elliot Woolfork Major              (b. 1864 - d. 1949) Dem
8 Jan 1917 - 10 Jan 1921 Frederick Dozier Gardner           (b. 1869 - d. 1933) Dem
10 Jan 1921 - 12 Jan 1925 Arthur Mastick Hyde                (b. 1877 - d. 1947) Rep
12 Jan 1925 - 14 Jan 1929 Samuel "Sam" Aaron Baker           (b. 1874 - d. 1933) Rep
14 Jan 1929 - 9 Jan 1933 Henry Stewart Caulfield            (b. 1873 - d. 1966) Rep
9 Jan 1933 - 11 Jan 1937 Guy Brasfield Park                 (b. 1872 - d. 1946) Dem
11 Jan 1937 - 13 Jan 1941 Lloyd Crow Stark                   (b. 1886 - d. 1972) Dem
13 Jan 1941 - 8 Dec 1945 Forrest C. Donnell                 (b. 1884 - d. 1980) Rep
8 Dec 1945 - 10 Jan 1949 Phil M. Donnelly (1st time)        (b. 1891 - d. 1961) Dem
10 Jan 1949 - 12 Jan 1953 Forrest Smith                      (b. 1886 - d. 1962) Dem
12 Jan 1953 - 14 Jan 1957 Phil M. Donnelly (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Dem
14 Jan 1957 - 9 Jan 1961 James Thomas Blair, Jr.            (b. 1902 - d. 1962) Dem
9 Jan 1961 - 11 Jan 1965 John Montgomery Dalton             (b. 1900 - d. 1972) Dem
11 Jan 1965 - 8 Jan 1973 Warren Eastman Hearnes             (b. 1923 - d. 2009) Dem
8 Jan 1973 - 10 Jan 1977 Christopher S. "Kit" Bond          (b. 1939)            Rep
                             (1st time)
10 Jan 1977 - 12 Jan 1981 Joseph Patrick Teasdale            (b. 1936 - d. 2014) Dem
12 Jan 1981 - 14 Jan 1985 Christopher S. "Kit" Bond          (s.a.)               Rep
                             (2nd time)
14 Jan 1985 - 11 Jan 1993 John David Ashcroft                (b. 1942)            Rep
11 Jan 1993 - 16 Oct 2000 Mel Carnahan                       (b. 1934 - d. 2000) Dem
17 Oct 2000 - 8 Jan 2001 Roger B. Wilson (acting)           (b. 1948)            Dem
8 Jan 2001 - 10 Jan 2005 Bob Holden                         (b. 1949)            Dem
10 Jan 2005 - 12 Jan 2009 Matt Blunt                         (b. 1970)            Rep 12 Jan 2009 - 9 Jan 2017 Jeremiah "Jay" W. Nixon (b. 1956) Dem 9 Jan 2017 - 1 Jun 2018 Eric R. Greitens       (b. 1974) Rep 1 Jun 2018 -    Michael L. Parson    (b. 1955)    Rep

Montana


(1898 - 27 Feb 1905 Unofficial)
Adopted 27 Feb 1905 - 1 Jul 1981


c.1943 Variant


Adopted 1 Jul 1981

Map of Montana	Hear State Song "Montana"	Text of State Song Adopted 20 Feb 1945	State Constitution (1 Jul 1973)
Capital: Helena (Bannack City 1864 - 7 Feb 1865; Virginia City 1865-Jan 1875)	Motto: Oro y plata (Gold and silver)	Nicknames: Big Sky Country, Treasure State	Population: 1,084,225 (2020)

Mayors of Billings	Chronology `7 Dec 1812 Part of Missouri Territory.` `10 Aug 1821 Unorganized territory.` `30 May 1854 Part of Nebraska Territory.` `2 Mar 1861 Part of Dakota Territory.` `4 Mar 1863 Part of Idaho Territory.` `26 May 1864 Territory of Montana` `8 Nov 1889 State`

Governors
26 May 1864 - 12 Jul 1866 Sidney Edgerton                    (b. 1818 - d. 1900) Rep
Sep 1865 - Oct 1866        Thomas Francis Meagher (acting)    (b. 1823 - d. 1867) Dem
13 Jul 1866 - 9 Apr 1869 Green Clay Smith                   (b. 1826 - d. 1895) Rep
1869               James Tufts (acting for Smith)     (b. 1829 - d. 1884) Rep
9 Apr 1869 - 12 Jul 1870 James Mitchell Ashley              (b. 1824 - d. 1896) Rep
1869 - 1870      Wiley S. Scribner (or Schribner) (b. 1840 - d. 1889) Rep
                             (acting for Ashley)
13 Jul 1870 - 14 Jan 1883 Benjamin Franklin Potts            (b. 1836 - d. 1887) Rep
14 Jan 1883 - 15 Dec 1884 John Schuyler Crosby               (b. 1839 - d. 1914) Rep
16 Dec 1884 - 13 Jul 1885 Benjamin Platt Carpenter           (b. 1837 - d. 1921) Rep
14 Jul 1885 - 7 Feb 1887 Samuel Thomas Hauser               (b. 1833 - d. 1914) Dem
8 Feb 1887 - 8 Apr 1889 Preston Hopkins Leslie             (b. 1819 - d. 1907) Dem
9 Apr 1889 - 8 Nov 1889 Benjamin Franklin White            (b. 1833 - d. 1920) Rep
8 Nov 1889 - 1 Jan 1893 Joseph Kemps Toole (1st time)      (b. 1851 - d. 1929) Dem
2 Jan 1893 - 3 Jan 1897 John Ezra Rickards                 (b. 1848 - d. 1927) Rep
4 Jan 1897 - 7 Jan 1901 Robert Burns Smith                 (b. 1854 - d. 1908) Dem
7 Jan 1901 - 1 Apr 1908 Joseph Kemps Toole (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Dem
1 Apr 1908 - 5 Jan 1913 Edwin Lee Norris                   (b. 1865 - d. 1924) Dem
6 Jan 1913 - 2 Jan 1921 Samuel Vernon Stewart              (b. 1872 - d. 1939) Dem
3 Jan 1921 - 4 Jan 1925 Joseph Moore Dixon                 (b. 1867 - d. 1934) Rep
4 Jan 1925 - 13 Mar 1933 John Edward Erickson               (b. 1863 - d. 1946) Dem
13 Mar 1933 - 15 Dec 1935 Frank Henry Cooney                 (b. 1872 - d. 1935) Dem
16 Dec 1935 - 4 Jan 1937 William Elmer Holt                 (b. 1884 - d. 1945) Dem
4 Jan 1937 - 6 Jan 1941 Roy Elmer Ayres                    (b. 1882 - d. 1955) Dem
6 Jan 1941 - 3 Jan 1949 Samuel Clarence Ford               (b. 1882 - d. 1961) Rep
3 Jan 1949 - 4 Jan 1953 John Woodrow Bonner                (b. 1902 - d. 1970) Dem
4 Jan 1953 - 4 Jan 1961 John Hugo Aronson                  (b. 1891 - d. 1978) Rep
4 Jan 1961 - 25 Jan 1962 Donald G. Nutter                   (b. 1915 - d. 1962) Rep
26 Jan 1962 - 6 Jan 1969 Tim M. Babcock                     (b. 1919 - d. 2015) Rep 6 Jan 1969 - 1 Jan 1973 Forrest Howard Anderson            (b. 1913 - d. 1989) Dem
1 Jan 1973 - 5 Jan 1981 Thomas Lee Judge                   (b. 1934 - d. 2006) Dem
5 Jan 1981 - 2 Jan 1989 Theodore "Ted" Schwinden           (b. 1925 - d. 2023) Dem
2 Jan 1989 - 4 Jan 1993 Stanley "Stan" Stephens            (b. 1929 - d. 2021) Rep
4 Jan 1993 - 2 Jan 2001 Marc F. Racicot                    (b. 1948)            Rep 2 Jan 2001 - 3 Jan 2005 Judy Martz (f)                     (b. 1943 - d. 2017) Rep 3 Jan 2005 - 7 Jan 2013 Brian Schweitzer                   (b. 1955)            Dem 7 Jan 2013 - 4 Jan 2021 Steve Bullock (b. 1966) Dem 4 Jan 2021 -        Gregory "Greg" R. Gianforte    (b. 1961)    Rep