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U.S. States L-M

States: Louisiana (LA) - Maine (ME) - Maryland (MD) - Massachusetts (MA) - Michigan (MI) - Minnesota (MN) - Mississippi (MS) - Missouri (MO) - Montana (MT) -

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party (liberal, center-left,former D-R, est.1829); DFL = Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (democratic socialist, populist, Upper-Midwest Dem affiliate, to 1944 named Farm-Labor Party, est.1918); Ind = Independent; IPM = Independence Party of Minnesota (Minnesota regionalist, radical centrist, formerly J. Ventura personalist, split from Ref party, est.1992); Ref = Reform Party (social liberal, centrist, originally Ross Perot personalist, est.1995); Rep = Republican Party (conservative, center-right, est.1854); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AJP = Anti-Jackson Party (1825-1833); anti-Fed = Anti-Federalist Party (pro-states rights, 1781-1796); AP = American Party (nativist, 1853-1860, informally K-N);
D-F = Democratic-Federalist Party; DFS = Democratic Free Soil Party (anti-slavery, opposed extension of slavery into western U.S. territories, 1848-1854); DGP = Democratic Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party and the Greenback Labor Party, opposed return to "gold standards", withdrawal of paper "greenbacks" and tightening of credit lines 1874-1884); D-R = Democratic-Republican Party (1794-1829, renamed Democratic party); Fed = Federalist Party (conservative, federalist, 1792-1824); FSP = Free-State Party (Louisiana unionist, radical republican, 1863-1865, merged into Rep);Fus = Fusion (representing more than one party/coalition of parties); K-N = Know-Nothing Party (anti-immigrant, anti-Roman Catholic, Unionist, formally called AP, 1853-1860); Lib-R = Liberal Republican Party (anti-corruption, classical liberal, split from Rep, 1870-1872, merged into Dem);MFL = Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party (semi-Socialist, Minnesota regionalist, 1919-1944); N-R = National Republican Party (anti-Jacksonian, 1826-1834); Uni = Union Party (or Constitutional Union Party, formed chiefly by remnants of the AP and southern Whigs, May 1860-1861);U-D = Union-Democratic Party (conservative, pro-Union, opposed civil rights for slaves, 1860-1868); Whg = Whig Party (economic nationalist, protectionist, anti-Jacksonian, 1833-1860)

Louisiana

26 Jan 1861 - 11 Feb 1861 Unofficial	11 Feb 1861 - 28 Apr 1862	1 Jul 1912 - 25 May 2006	25 May 2006 - 22 Nov 2010
Adopted 22 Nov 2010

Map of Louisiana	Hear State Song "Give Me Louisiana" Adopted 9 Jul 1970 ------------------------------- Hear State Song "You Are My Sunshine" Adopted 14 Jul 1977	State March "Louisiana My Home Sweet Home" Adopted 1 Jul 1952 ------------------------------- State Environmental Song "The Gifts of Earth" Adopted 1990 -------------------------------- State Cultural Song "Southern Nights" Adopted 1 Jul 2021	State Constitution (1 Jan 1975)
Capital: Baton Rouge (Bilocci [Biloxi][Fort Maurepas] 1699-1702, 1720-1722; Fort Louis de la Louisiane [La Mobile] 1702-1720; Nouvelle-Orléans 1722-1763, 1800-1803; Nueva Orleans 1763-1800, New Orleans 1803-1830, 1831-1849, 1864-1882 [Union capital 1862-1864]; Donaldsonville 1830-1831; Baton Rouge 1849-1864; Confederate: Opelousas 1 May 1862- 25 Jan 1863, Shreveport 25 Jan 1863-2 Jun 1865)	Motto: Union, justice, and confidence	Nickname: Pelican State	Population: 4,657,757 (2020)
International Organizations/Treaties: OIF (observer)

Mayors of New Orleans	Chronology `20 Jan 1685 Claimed for France by La Salle.` `8 Dec 1699 French colony of Louisiana (La Louisiane)(part` `of New France [see underQuebec, Canada]).` `1717 - 1733 UnderCompagnie de l'Ouestadministration.` `3 Nov 1762 Ceded to Spain by France byTreaty of Fontainebleau` `21 Apr 1764 Cession to Spain was finally revealed to the governor, Jean-Jacques Blaise d'Abbadie. 5 Mar 1766 Spain takes over administration (Provincia de Luisiana) part of New Spain (subordinate` `to` `Cuba)` `30 Apr 1803 Sold to U.S. by France by treaty and conventions concluded in Paris by representatives of both nations (signed 2 May 1803,but retro-dated to 30 Apr 1803),the "Louisiana Purchase."` 30 Oct 1803 Part of the territory of North America known as Louisiana, legally claimed by France and administered by Spain, is ceded by France to the United States by treaty of 30 Apr 1803. 20 Dec 1803 Louisiana is transferred to the United States in accordance with an instrument of transfer. `1 Oct 1804 Louisiana divided into two sections: theOrleans` `Territory below 33rd parallel;and Louisiana District from 4 Jul 1805 Territory (seeMissouri) above the 33rd parallel.` `30 Apr 1812 Louisiana is admitted to the United States. 30 Apr 1812 State of Louisiana` `26 Jan 1861 Secession` `8 Feb 1861 Founding state of Confederate States of` `America.` `28 Apr 1862 New Orleans occupied by Union troops (Baton Rouge on 5 Aug 1862, Opelousas 20 Apr 1863, Alexandria 7 May 1863 - 13 May 1864, and Shreveport 6 Jun 1865).25 Jul 1864 Ordinance of secession of 1861 declared void.` `9 Jul 1868 Re-admitted to United States.`
Mayors of Shreveport
Historical Maps of Louisiana

Governors
25 Jan 1699 - 4 May 1699 Pierre Le Moyne, sieur d'Iberville (b. 1661 - d. 1706)
4 May 1699 - 21 Aug 1701 Sauvole de la Villantray           (b. c.1671 - d. 1701)
21 Aug 1701 - 17 Mar 1713 Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur      (b. 1680 - d. 1767)
                           de Bienville (1st time)
1707 - 1708                Nicolas Daneaux de Muy    (b. 1653 - d. 1708)
                             (did not take office)
17 Mar 1713 - 1716         Antoine Laumet de Lamothe Cadillac (b. 1658 - d. 1730)
1716 - 9 Mar 1717         Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur      (s.a.)
                             de Bienville (2nd time)
                             (acting)
9 May 1717 - 1718         Jean Michel de l'Espinay de la     (b. c.1665 - d. 1721)
                             Longeville
1718 - 16 Jan 1724         Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur    (s.a.)
                             de Bienville (3rd time)
1724 - 1726                Pierre Sidrac Dugué, sieur de      (b. 1675 - d. 1736)
                             Boisbriant (acting)
9 Aug 1726 - 1733         Étienne Périer de Salvert          (b. 1687 - d. 1766)
1733 - May 1743            Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur      (s.a.)
                             de Bienville (4th time)
10 May 1743 - 8 May 1753 Pierre de Rigaud, marquis          (b. 1698 - d. 1778)
                             de Vaudreuil-Cabagnal
8 May 1753 - 29 Apr 1763 Louis Billouart,                   (b. 1704 - d. 1770)
                             chevalier de Kerlérec
29 Apr 1763 - 4 Feb 1765 Jean-Jacques Blaise d'Abbadie      (b. 1726 - d. 1765)
4 Feb 1765 - 5 Mar 1766 Charles Philippe Aubry (acting)    (b. c.1720 - d. 1770)
                             (1st time)
5 Mar 1766 - 16 Nov 1768 Antonio de Ulloa y de la Torre     (b. 1717 - d. 1795)
                             Guiral
16 Nov 1768 - 17 Aug 1769 Charles Philippe Aubry (acting)    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Aug 1769 - 1 Dec 1769     Alejandro O'Reilly y McDowell      (b. 1722 - d. 1794)
                             Sillon
1 Dec 1769 - 1 Apr 1777 Luis de Unzaga y Amezaga           (b. 1721 - d. 1793)
1 Apr 1777 - 14 Jul 1785 Bernardo Vicente Pólinarde de      (b. 1726 - d. 1794)
                             Gálvez y Galardo
14 Jul 1785 - 30 Nov 1791 Estéban Rodríguez Miró y Sabater   (b. 1744 - d. 1802)
30 Nov 1791 - 5 Aug 1797 Francisco Luis Héctor de           (b. 1747 - d. 1807)
                             Carondelet de Novelles,
                             baron de Carondelet
5 Aug 1797 - 18 Jul 1799 Manuel Gayoso de Lemos y Amorín (b. 1752 - d. 1799)
                             y Magallanes
18 Jul 1799 - 15 Jul 1801 Nicolás María Vidal                (b. 1740 - d. 1806)
                           (acting civil governor)
18 Jul 1799 - 18 Sep 1799 Francisco Bouligny                 (b. 1736 - d. 1800)
                           (acting military governor)
18 Sep 1799 - 15 Jul 1801 Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta y     (b. 1751 - d. 1825)
                             O'Farril Arango y Arriola,
                             marqués de Casa Calvo
                            (acting military governor)
15 Jul 1801 - 30 Nov 1803 Juan Manuel de Salcedo             (b. 1743 - d. c.1810)
Prefect and Commissioner 30 Nov 1803 - 20 Dec 1803 Pierre Clément de Laussat          (b. 1756 - d. 1835)
Governor of Louisiana 20 Dec 1803 - 1 Oct 1804 William Charles Cole Claiborne    (b. 1775 - d. 1817) D-R
Governor of the Territory of Orleans 1 Oct 1804 - 28 Jul 1812 William Charles Cole Claiborne     (s.a.) D-RGovernors of the State of Louisiana28 Jul 1812 - 15 Dec 1816 William Charles Cole Claiborne     (s.a.) D-R 16 Dec 1816 - 18 Dec 1820 Jacques Philippe Villeré           (b. 1761 - d. 1830) D-R
18 Dec 1820 - 15 Nov 1824 Thomas Bolling Robertson           (b. 1779 - d. 1828) D-R
15 Nov 1824 - 13 Dec 1824 Henry Schuyler Thibodaux (acting) (b. 1769 - d. 1827) D-R
13 Dec 1824 - 15 Dec 1828 Henry Johnson                      (b. 1783 - d. 1864) N-R
15 Dec 1828 - 6 Oct 1829 Pierre Augustin Charles    (b. 1767 - d. 1829) N-R
                             Bourguignon Derbigny
6 Oct 1829 - 14 Jan 1830 Armand Julie Beauvais (acting)     (b. 1783 - d. 1843) N-R
14 Jan 1830 - 31 Jan 1831 Jacques Dupré                      (b. 1773 - d. 1846) N-R
31 Jan 1831 - 2 Feb 1835 André Bienvenue Roman (1st time)   (b. 1795 - d. 1866) Whg
2 Feb 1835 - 4 Feb 1839 Edward Douglas White               (b. 1795 - d. 1847) Whg
4 Feb 1839 - 30 Jan 1843 André Bienvenue Roman (2nd time)   (s.a.)               Whg
30 Jan 1843 - 12 Feb 1846 Alexandre Mouton                   (b. 1804 - d. 1885) Dem
12 Feb 1846 - 28 Jan 1850 Isaac Johnson                      (b. 1803 - d. 1853) Dem
28 Jan 1850 - 20 Jan 1853 Joseph Marshall Walker             (b. 1784 - d. 1856) Dem
20 Jan 1853 - 28 Jan 1856 Paul Octave Hébert                 (b. 1818 - d. 1880) Dem
28 Jan 1856 - 23 Jan 1860 Robert Charles Wickliffe           (b. 1819 - d. 1895) Dem
23 Jan 1860 - 25 Jan 1864 Thomas Overton Moore               (b. 1804 - d. 1876) Dem
                   (Confederate governor) 1 May 1862 - 2 Jul 1862 Benjamin F. Butler    (b. 1818 - d. 1893) Mil                      (U.S. military governor)
2 Jul 1862 - 4 Mar 1864 George Foster Shepley              (b. 1819 - d. 1878) Mil
                             (U.S. military governor)
25 Jan 1864 - 2 Jun 1865 Henry Watkins Allen                (b. 1820 - d. 1866) Dem
                             (Confederate governor)
4 Mar 1864 - 4 Mar 1865 Michael Georg Decker Hahn          (b. 1830 - d. 1886) FSP
                             (U.S. governor)
4 Mar 1865 - 3 Jun 1867 James Madison Wells                (b. 1808 - d. 1899) Rep
3 Jun 1867 - 8 Jan 1868 Benjamin Flanders                  (b. 1816 - d. 1896) Rep
8 Jan 1868 - 27 Jun 1868 Joshua Baker                       (b. 1799 - d. 1885) Rep
27 Jun 1868 - 11 Dec 1872 Henry Clay Warmoth                 (b. 1842 - d. 1932) Rep
11 Dec 1872 - 13 Jan 1873 Pinckey Benton Stewart Pinchback   (b. 1837 - d. 1921) Rep
                             (acting)
13 Jan 1873 - 5 Jan 1877 William Pitt Kellogg               (b. 1830 - d. 1918) Rep
13 Jan 1873 - 22 May 1873 John McEnery (1st time)      (b. 1833 - d. 1891) Rep
                             (in opposition)
14 Sep 1874 - 16 Sep 1874 John McEnery (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Rep
                             (in opposition)
8 Jan 1877 - 13 Jan 1880 Francis Tillou Nicholls (1st time) (b. 1834 - d. 1912) Dem
8 Jan 1877 - 25 Apr 1877 Stephen Bennett Packard            (b. 1843 - d. 1881) Rep
                             (in opposition)
14 Jan 1880 - 16 Oct 1881 Louis Alfred Wiltz                 (b. 1843 - d. 1881) Dem
16 Oct 1881 - 20 May 1888 Samuel Douglas McEnery             (b. 1837 - d. 1910) Dem
21 May 1888 - 10 May 1892 Francis Tillou Nicholls (2nd time) (s.a.)               Dem
10 May 1892 - 8 May 1900 Murphy James Foster                (b. 1849 - d. 1921) Dem
8 May 1900 - 10 May 1904 William Wright Heard               (b. 1853 - d. 1926) Dem
10 May 1904 - 12 May 1908 Newton Crain Blanchard             (b. 1849 - d. 1922) Dem
12 May 1908 - 14 May 1912 Jared Young Sanders                (b. 1869 - d. 1944) Dem
14 May 1912 - 9 May 1916 Luther Egbert Hall                 (b. 1869 - d. 1921) Dem
9 May 1916 - 11 May 1920 Ruffin Golson Pleasant             (b. 1871 - d. 1937) Dem
11 May 1920 - 13 May 1924 John Milliken Parker               (b. 1863 - d. 1939) Dem
13 May 1924 - 11 Oct 1926 Henry Fuqua                        (b. 1865 - d. 1926) Dem
11 Oct 1926 - 21 May 1928 Oramel Hinckley Simpson            (b. 1870 - d. 1932) Dem
21 May 1928 - 25 Jan 1932 Huey Pierce Long, Jr. "Kingfish"   (b. 1893 - d. 1935) Dem
25 Jan 1932 - 10 May 1932 Alvin Olin King                    (b. 1890 - d. 1958) Dem
10 May 1932 - 28 Jan 1936 Oscar Kelly Allen                  (b. 1882 - d. 1936) Dem
28 Jan 1936 - 12 May 1936 James Albert Noe                   (b. 1890 - d. 1976) Dem
12 May 1936 - 26 Jun 1939 Richard Webster Leche              (b. 1898 - d. 1965) Dem
26 Jun 1939 - 14 May 1940 Earl Kemp Long (1st time)          (b. 1895 - d. 1960) Dem
14 May 1940 - 9 May 1944 Sam Houston Jones                  (b. 1897 - d. 1978) Dem
9 May 1944 - 11 May 1948 James Houston Davis (1st time)     (b. 1899 - d. 2000) Dem
11 May 1948 - 13 May 1952 Earl Kemp Long (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Dem
13 May 1952 - 8 May 1956 Robert Floyd Kennon                (b. 1902 - d. 1988) Dem
8 May 1956 - 10 May 1960 Earl Kemp Long (3rd time)          (s.a.)               Dem
10 May 1960 - 12 May 1964 James Houston Davis (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Dem
12 May 1964 - 9 May 1972 John Julian McKeithen              (b. 1918 - d. 1999) Dem
9 May 1972 - 10 Mar 1980 Edwin W. Edwards (1st time)        (b. 1927 - d. 2021) Dem
10 Mar 1980 - 12 Mar 1984 David C. Treen                     (b. 1928 - d. 2009) Rep
12 Mar 1984 - 14 Mar 1988 Edwin W. Edwards (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Dem
14 Mar 1988 - 8 Jan 1992 Charles "Buddy" E. Roemer III    (b. 1943 - d. 2021) Dem;1991 Rep
8 Jan 1992 - 8 Jan 1996 Edwin W. Edwards (3rd time)        (s.a.)               Dem
8 Jan 1996 - 12 Jan 2004 Michael "Mike" J. Foster, Jr.      (b. 1930 - d. 2020) Rep
12 Jan 2004 - 14 Jan 2008 Kathleen Babineaux Blanco (f)      (b. 1942 - d. 2019) Dem
14 Jan 2008 - 11 Jan 2016 Bobby (Piyush) Jindal             (b. 1971) Rep 11 Jan 2016 - 8 Jan 2024 John Bel Edwards (b. 1966) Dem 8 Jan 2024 -              Jeffrey "Jeff" M. Landry           (b. 1970)    Rep

U.S. Military governors during Reconstruction23 Apr 1865 - 3 Jun 1865 Nathaniel Prentice Banks (b. 1816 - d. 1894) Mil 3 Jun 1865 - May 1866 Edward Richard Sprigg Canby (b. 1817 - d. 1873) Mil19 Mar 1867 - 5 Sep 1868 Philip Henry Sheridan (b. 1831 - d. 1888) Mil

Maine


21 Mar 1901 - 24 Feb 1909


Official Flag Adopted
24 Feb 1909


Flag as Commonly Used

Map of Maine	Hear State Song "State of Maine" Adopted 30 Mar 1937 -------------------------------- State March "The Dirigo March" Adopted 19 Mar 2012	State Ballad "The Ballad of the 20th Maine" Adopted 7 Jun 2019 -------------------------------- State Song of 21st Century "My Sweet Maine" Adopted 18 Oct 2021	State Constitution (6 Dec 1819)
Capital: Augusta (Portland 1820-4 Jan 1832; Boston 1652-1820)	Motto: Dirigo (I lead)	Nickname: Pine Tree State	Population: 1,362,359 (2020)

Mayors of Portland	Chronology `14 Aug 1607 - Oct 1608 Popham colony (also known as the Sagadahoc or` `Kennebec colony) at Fort St. George (modern` `Phippsburg),` `settled by the Plymouth Company.` `24 Oct 1620 Ludovic Stewart, Duke of Lennox (b. 1574 - d.` `1624) and others are incorporated as a "Body` `corporate and politick" under the name of the` `Council established at Plymouth, in the County` `of Devon for the planting, ruling, ordering, and` `governing of New England, in America (also known` `historically as the Council of New England), in` `accordance with charter issued by command of` `King James I of England.10 Aug 1622 Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason are granted` `part of the territory of New England in America` `between the Merrimack and Sagadahoc rivers to be` `called the Province of Maine, in accordance with` `an indenture of grant signed by the President` `and Council of New England, Sir Ferdinando` `Gorges and John Mason.` `7 Nov 1629 Ferdinando Gorges and his partner John Mason` `divided the Province of Maine, with Gorges` `taking the land east of the Piscataqua River,` `calling it New Somersetshire, and Mason creating` `the Province ofNew Hampshire` `to the south.` `26 Jun 1630 Plymouth Council for New England granted lands` `between Cape Porpoise and the Kennebec River,` `from Sir Ferdinando Gorges to the Province of` `Lygonia, named after his mother, Cicely (Lygon)` `Gorges, it made up about a third of Gorges 1639` `Province of Maine.` `3 Apr 1639 Sir Ferdinando Gorges is granted part of the` `territory of New England in America, in` `accordance with charter issued by command of` `Charles I King of England (Province of Maine).Jun 1640 The government of the Province of Maine under` `the charter of 1639 is established upon the` `arrival of the representative (deputy governor)` `of Sir Ferdinando Gorges and swearing-in of` `officials at the first General Court held in` `Saco on 25 Jun 1640.Jun 1640 - 25 May 1686 Province of Maine` `3 Apr 1643 The remaining owners of the 1630 Lygonia patent` `and George Cleeve oversaw the patent's sale to` `prominent Puritan Parliamentarian Alexander` `Rigby.Jul 1649 Following the emergence of the Province of Lygonia` `on the territory claimed by the Maine` `proprietors, the residents of Gorgeana (York),` `Pascatquacke (Kittery) and Wells signed an` `agreement on creating "a body politic and` `Combination" to be governed by elected officials31 May 1652` `Massachusetts-BayColony claims Maine` `(as the` `Yorkshire county, from 1668 York county).` `16 Nov 1652 The inhabitants of Kittery acknowledge themselves` `subject to the government of the Colony of the` `Massachusetts Bay at a court held in Kittery.22 Nov 1652 The inhabitants of Gorgeana acknowledge themselves` `subject to the government of the Colony of the` `Massachusetts Bay, Gorgeana (Agamenticus) is` `renamed York at a court held in Gorgeana.13 Jul 1658 Lygonia's towns submit to Massachusetts Bay.12 Mar 1664 Province of Maine is given in grant by King` `Charles II to James, Duke of York as part` `of New York`, as Cornwall County. Lost to the Abnaki Indians in the fall of 1675. 23 Jun 1665 A board of the Justices of the Peace is appointed as an executive and judicial authority to serve under direct rule of the Crown of England by the King's Commissioners. 7 Jul 1668 Restoration of authority of Massachusetts is proclaimed by the Massachusetts commissioners at a general court held in York. 1674 - 1675 Devonshire County formed by Massachusetts Bay, encompassing land claimed between the Kennebec River and Penobscot Bay, it overlapped the New York claim. 20 Jul 1677 Validity of the charter of Sir Ferdinando Gorges of 1639 and the rejection of the claims of Massachusetts to the Province of Maine are approved by the King in Council. 13 Mar 1678 Province of Maine is released and sold by Ferdinando Gorges to John Usher (b. 1648 - d. 1726), in accordance with an indenture of grant and release signed by Gorges. 15 Mar 1678 Province of Maine is released and sold by John Usher to the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts-Bay, in accordance with an indenture of grant and release signed by Usher. 1 Nov 1683 - spring 1687 Cornwall County re-created, still part of New York, then transferred to the Dominion of New England. 25 May 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Maine together with the Massachusetts-Bay colony and Province of New Hampshire part of the Dominion of New England (see Massachusetts). Jul/Aug 1689 - 16 May 1692 Province of Maine. 16 May 1692 The colonies of the Massachusetts-Bay and New Plymouth, the Province of Maine, and the territory known as Acadia or Nova Scotia are united and incorporated into a province under the name of the Province of the Massachusetts- Bay in New England (see Massachusetts). 8 Mar 1774 County convention held at Falmouth of delegates from nine towns in Cumberland County at which Sheriff William Tyng declared his avowal to obey the province law and not that of Parliament. 18 Oct 1775 British navy burns Falmouth (Portland). 9 Jul 1778 Continental Congress divided Massachusetts into three admiralty districts, including the Northern District of Massachusetts (York, Cumberland and Lincoln counties), later named District of Maine. 12 Jan 1779 - 24 Dec 1783 British hold the Penobscot, from 17 Jun 1779 with headquarters at Bagaduce (Castine), but Machias and vicinity remain not subdued. 25 Oct 1780 Maine District of Massachusetts 5 Oct 1785 First Convention held at Falmouth on separation from Massachusetts, followed by 4 Jan 1786 and on 4 Sep 1786. 31 Jan 1787 Maine convention votes to separate from Massachusetts by 645 to 359. 7 May 1792 Mainers votes against separation from Massachusetts by 2,438 to 2,084. 6 Apr 1795 Mainers vote on separation from Massachusetts is virtually ignored by voters. 10 May 1797 Mainers vote on separation from Massachusetts, 2,785 for separation and 2,412 against (not enough eligible voters voted). 7 Apr 1807 Mainers vote against separation from Massachusetts, 9,404 to 3,370. 1 Sep 1814 - 15 Apr 1815 British occupy Bangor, Castine, Eastport (to 30 Jun 1818), Frankfort, Hampden, and Machias between the Penobscot and St. Croix Rivers, most of eastern Maine. Governed by Gerard Gosselin (b. 1769 - d. 1859) from Castine, generally called "New Ireland." 20 May 1816 Mainers voted 10,584 in favor of separation and 6,491 opposed, but lacks the required majority. 2 Sep 1816 Mainers vote to separate from Massachusetts, 11,969 to 10,347, but lacks required majority. 30 Sep 1816 - 9 Oct 1816 Brunswick Convention met to consider separating the District of Maine from Massachusetts as a state. 19 Jun 1819 The consent of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to the formation of the District of Maine as a separate and independent state is granted in accordance with an act passed by the General Court of Massachusetts. 26 Jul 1819 Mainers voted to separate from Massachusetts, by 17,091 to 7,132 (70.6% to 29.4%). 24 Aug 1819 Formation and erection of the District of Maine into a separate and independent state is approved by a popular vote on 26 Jul 1819, the results of the vote are certified by a proclamation issued by the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 11 Oct 1819 Constitutional convention convened in Portland. 15 Mar 1820 Maine admitted to the United States. 15 Mar 1820 State of Maine (separated from Massachusetts). 9 Aug 1842 Aroostook valley officially ceded to U.S. by U.K. in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.

Proprietors of the Province of Maine
10 Aug 1622 - Dec 1635     John Mason                         (b. 1586 - d. 1635)
                           + Sir Ferdinando Gorges            (b. 1566 - d. 1647)                               (self-proclaimed "Lord of the Province of Maine")
Proprietor of the Province of New Somersetshire
1635 - 14 May 1647         Sir Ferdinando Gorges              (s.a.)Proprietors of the Province of Maine 14 May 1647 - 6 Apr 1657 John Gorges    (b. 1593 - d. 1657) 6 Apr 1657 - 13 Mar 1678 Ferdinando Gorges                  (b. 1630 - d. 1718) Proprietors of the Province Lygonia 1643 - 18 Aug 1650         Alexander Rigby                    (b. 1594 - d. 1650) 18 Aug 1650 - 1658         Edward Rigby   (b. 1627 - d. 1686)

Presidents of Popham Colony
14 Aug 1607 - 5 Feb 1608 George Popham (b. c.1550 - d. 1608) Feb 1608 - Sep 1608 Raleigh Gilbert (b. c.1580 - d. 1634)
Governor of the Plantation at Saco1629 Richard Vines (b. c.1585 - d. 1651)

Governor of the Laconia Company1629 Walter Neale (d. 1639) Deputy-President of the Province of Lygonia 1643 - 13 Jul 1658 George Cleeve (b. c. 1586 - d. 1666)

Governor of the Province of New Somersetshire
1636 - 1639                William Gorges (b. 1605 - d. 1658)Deputy Governors of the Province of Maine Jun 1640 - Jul 1643    Thomas Gorges (s.a.) 21 Oct 1645 - 1645/1646    Richard Vines    (b. c.1585 - d. 1651) 1645/1646 - Jul? 1649    Henry Jocelyn (Josselyn)    (d. c.1683) Jul? 1649 - 15 Oct 1650    Edward Godfrey                     (b. c.1584 - d. af.1663) Governor of the Province of Maine 15 Oct 1650 - 22 Nov 1652 Edward Godfrey (s.a.)
King's Commissioners23 Apr 1664 - 23 Jun 1665 Board of Commissioners                          - Richard Nicholls                 (b. 1624 - d. 1672)                            - Sir Robert Carr    (b. c.1615 - d. 1667)                            - George Cartwright                            - Samuel Maverick                  (b. c.1602 – d. c.1670)23 Jun 1665 - 7 Jul 1668 JusticesGovernors of Maine31 May 1652 - Jul/Aug 1689 the governors of Massachusetts President of the Province of MaineJul/Aug 1689 - 16 May 1692 Thomas Danforth(absent 1689-1692) (b. 1623 - d. 1699)1689 - 1691    John Davis (Davess)                (b. c.1613 - d. 1691)                              (deputy president acting) 1691 - 16 May 1692         Francis Hooke     (b. c.1635 - d. 1695)                             (deputy president acting)Governors of Maine16 May 1692 - 15 Mar 1820 the governors of Massachusetts 15 Mar 1820 - 28 May 1821 William King                       (b. 1768 - d. 1852) D-R                             (president of the Convention to 1 Jun 1820) 28 May 1821 - 5 Dec 1821 William Durkee Williamson (acting) (b. 1779 - d. 1846) D-R 5 Dec 1821 - 2 Jan 1822 Benjamin Ames (acting)             (b. 1778 - d. 1835) D-R 2 Jan 1822 - 4 Jan 1822 Daniel Rose (acting)               (b. 1772 - d. 1833) D-R 4 Jan 1822 - 4 Jan 1827 Albion Keith Parris                (b. 1788 - d. 1857) D-R 4Jan 1827 - 8 Oct 1829 Enoch Lincoln                      (b. 1788 - d. 1829) D-R 12 Oct 1829 - 5 Feb 1830 Nathan Cutler (acting)             (b. 1775 - d. 1861) D-R 5 Feb 1830 - 10 Feb 1830 Joshua Hall (acting)               (b. 1768 - d. 1862) N-R 10 Feb 1830 - 5 Jan 1831 Jonathan Glidden Hunton            (b. 1781 - d. 1851) N-R 5 Jan 1831 - 2 Jan 1834 Samuel Emerson Smith               (b. 1788 - d. 1860) D-R    2 Jan 1834 - 19 Jan 1838 Robert Pinckney Dunlap             (b. 1794 - d. 1859) Dem 19 Jan 1838 - 2 Jan 1839 Edward Kent (1st time)             (b. 1802 - d. 1877) Whg 2 Jan 1839 - 12 Jan 1841 John Fairfield (1st time)          (b. 1797 - d. 1847) Dem 12 Jan 1841 - 13 Jan 1841 Richard Hampton Vose (acting)      (b. 1803 - d. 1864) Whg 13 Jan 1841 - 6 Jan 1842 Edward Kent (2nd time)             (s.a.)               Whg 6 Jan 1842 - 7 Mar 1843 John Fairfield (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Dem
7 Mar 1843 - 2 Jan 1844 Edward Kavanaugh (acting)          (b. 1795 - d. 1844) Dem
2 Jan 1844 - 3 Jan 1844 David Dunn (acting)                (b. 1811 - d. 1894) Dem
3 Jan 1844 - 5 Jan 1844 John Winchester Dana (1st time)    (b. 1808 - d. 1867) Dem                              (acting)
5 Jan 1844 - 18 May 1847 Hugh Johnston Anderson             (b. 1801 - d. 1881) Dem
18 May 1847 - 13 May 1850 John Winchester Dana (2nd time) (s.a.)               Dem
13 May 1850 - 18 Jan 1853 John Hubbard                       (b. 1794 - d. 1869) Dem
18 Jan 1853 - 6 Jan 1855 William George Crosby              (b. 1805 - d. 1881) Whg
6 Jan 1855 - 4 Jan 1856 Anson Peaslee Morrill              (b. 1803 - d. 1887) K-N
4 Jan 1856 - 8 Jan 1857 Samuel E. Wells                    (b. 1801 - d. 1868) Dem
8 Jan 1857 - 26 Feb 1857 Hannibal Hamlin                    (b. 1809 - d. 1891) Rep
26 Feb 1857 - 8 Jan 1858 Joseph Hartwell Williams (acting) (b. 1814 - d. 1896) Rep 8 Jan 1858 - 3 Jan 1861 Lot Myrick Morrill                 (b. 1813 - d. 1883) Rep 3 Jan 1861 - 8 Jan 1863 Israel Washburn, Jr.               (b. 1813 - d. 1883) Rep 8 Jan 1863 - 7 Jan 1864 Abner Coburn                       (b. 1803 - d. 1885) Rep 7 Jan 1864 - 3 Jan 1867 Samuel Cony                        (b. 1811 - d. 1870) Rep 3 Jan 1867 - 4 Jan 1871 Joshua L. Chamberlain              (b. 1828 - d. 1914) Rep 4 Jan 1871 - 7 Jan 1874 Sidney Perham                      (b. 1819 - d. 1907) Rep 7 Jan 1874 - 5 Jan 1876 Nelson Dingley, Jr.                (b. 1832 - d. 1899) Rep 5 Jan 1876 - 8 Jan 1879 Seldon Connor                      (b. 1839 - d. 1917) Rep 8 Jan 1879 - 17 Jan 1880 Alonzo Garcelon                    (b. 1813 - d. 1906) Dem 17 Jan 1880 - 13 Jan 1881 Daniel F. Davis                    (b. 1843 - d. 1897) Rep 13 Jan 1881 - 3 Jan 1883 Harris M. Plaisted                 (b. 1828 - d. 1898) DGP
3 Jan 1883 - 5 Jan 1887 Frederick Robie                    (b. 1822 - d. 1912) Rep
5 Jan 1887 - 15 Dec 1887 Joseph R. Bodwell                  (b. 1818 - d. 1887) Rep
16 Dec 1887 - 2 Jan 1889 Sebastian S. Marble (acting)       (b. 1817 - d. 1902) Rep
2 Jan 1889 - 4 Jan 1893 Edwin C. Burleigh                  (b. 1843 - d. 1916) Rep
4 Jan 1893 - 6 Jan 1897 Henry B. Cleaves                   (b. 1840 - d. 1912) Rep
6 Jan 1897 - 2 Jan 1901 Llewellyn Powers                   (b. 1836 - d. 1908) Rep
2 Jan 1901 - 4 Jan 1905 John F. Hill                       (b. 1855 - d. 1912) Rep
4 Jan 1905 - 6 Jan 1909 William T. Cobb                    (b. 1857 - d. 1937) Rep
6 Jan 1909 - 4 Jan 1911 Bert M. Fernald                    (b. 1858 - d. 1926) Rep
4 Jan 1911 - 1 Jan 1913 Frederick W. Plaisted              (b. 1865 - d. 1943) Dem
1 Jan 1913 - 6 Jan 1915 William T. Haines                  (b. 1854 - d. 1919) Rep
6 Jan 1915 - 3 Jan 1917 Oakley C. Curtis                   (b. 1865 - d. 1924) Dem
3 Jan 1917 - 5 Jan 1921 Carl E. Milliken                   (b. 1877 - d. 1961) Rep
5 Jan 1921 - 31 Jan 1921 Frederic H. Parkhurst              (b. 1864 - d. 1921) Rep
31 Jan 1921 - 8 Jan 1925 Percival P. Baxter                 (b. 1876 - d. 1969) Rep
8 Jan 1925 - 2 Jan 1929 Owen Brewster                      (b. 1888 - d. 1961) Rep
2 Jan 1929 - 4 Jan 1933 William T. Gardiner                (b. 1892 - d. 1953) Rep
4 Jan 1933 - 6 Jan 1937 Louis J. Brann                     (b. 1876 - d. 1948) Dem
6 Jan 1937 - 1 Jan 1941 Lewis O. Barrows                   (b. 1893 - d. 1967) Rep
1 Jan 1941 - 3 Jan 1945 Sumner Sewall                      (b. 1897 - d. 1965) Rep
3 Jan 1945 - 5 Jan 1949 Horace A. Hildreth                 (b. 1902 - d. 1988) Rep
5 Jan 1949 - 25 Dec 1952 Frederick G. Payne                 (b. 1904 - d. 1978) Rep
25 Dec 1952 - 6 Jan 1953 Burton M. Cross (1st time)         (b. 1902 - d. 1998) Rep
6 Jan 1953 - 7 Jan 1953 Nathaniel M. Haskell               (b. 1912 - d. 1983) Rep
7 Jan 1953 - 5 Jan 1955 Burton M. Cross (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Rep
5 Jan 1955 - 2 Jan 1959 Edmund S. Muskie                   (b. 1914 - d. 1996) Dem
2 Jan 1959 - 7 Jan 1959 Robert N. Haskell                  (b. 1903 - d. 1987) Rep
7 Jan 1959 - 30 Dec 1959 Clinton A. Clauson                 (b. 1895 - d. 1959) Dem
30 Dec 1959 - 5 Jan 1967 John H. Reed                       (b. 1921 - d. 2012) Rep
5 Jan 1967 - 2 Jan 1975 Kenneth M. Curtis                  (b. 1931)            Dem
2 Jan 1975 - 3 Jan 1979 James B. Longley                   (b. 1924 - d. 1980) Ind
3 Jan 1979 - 7 Jan 1987 Joseph E. Brennan                  (b. 1934 - d. 2024) Dem
7 Jan 1987 - 5 Jan 1995 John R. McKernan, Jr.              (b. 1948)            Rep
5 Jan 1995 - 8 Jan 2003 Angus S. King, Jr.                 (b. 1944)            Ind 8 Jan 2003 - 5 Jan 2011 John Elias Baldacci                (b. 1955)            Dem 5 Jan 2011 - 2 Jan 2019 Paul R. LePage       (b. 1948) Rep 2 Jan 2019 -              Janet Tafton Mills (f) (b. 1947)            Dem

Maryland


Lord Baltimore's Flag 1632-1776


c.1861 - 9 Mar 1904


Adopted 9 Mar 1904

Map of Maryland	State Song None	Former State Song "Maryland, My Maryland" (29 Mar 1939-18 May 2021)	State Constitution (5 Oct 1867)
Capital: Annapolis (Anne Arundel's Towne 1694 - 8 May 1695; St. Mary's City 1634-Feb 1694)	Motto: Fatti maschii, parole femine (Manly deeds, Womanly words [Strong deeds, gentle words])	Nicknames: The Old Line State, Free State	Population: 6,177,224 (2020)

Mayors of Annapolis	Chronology `17 Aug 1631 - 23 Apr 1635 Virginia settlement at Kent Islandby William` `Claiborne (b. 1600 - d. 1679)(Fort Kent).` `20 Jun 1632 Cecil Calvert, Baron of Baltimore, is granted a` `portion of territory in North America, erected` `into a province under the name of Maryland, to be` `governed by him and his heirs as true and` `absolute lords and proprietaries, in accordance` `with charter issued by command of the King of` `England` `25 Mar 1634 Province of Maryland, established effectively upon` `the arrival of the first settlers and their` `taking possession of the lands granted by the` `Charter at a ceremony held on St. Clement's` `Island in the Potomac River.` `1639` `Act for the Liberties of the People,1638.` `Sep 1644 - Aug 1646 Invaded by Richard Ingle (b. 1609 - d. 1653) loyal` `to Parliamentduring English the Civil War, "the` `plundering time."` `21 Apr 1649 MarylandToleration Act(Act Concerning` `Religion).` `15 Nov 1649 - 27 Mar 1652 Loyal to Royalist forces of King Charles II` `during the English Civil War.` `29 Mar 1652 Parliamentary commissioners displace proprietary` `regime.28 Jun 1652 - 22 Jul 1654 Loyal to Royalist forces.` `22 Jul 1654 - 24 Mar 1658 Ruled by a Parliamentary Commission.30 Nov 1657 Oliver Cromwell restored Maryland colony back to` `the Calverts, Lord Baltimore's claim to Maryland` `reaffirmed.` `27 Jul1689 Protestant Associators under John Coode overthrow` `the proprietary officers.` `6 Apr 1692 Crown colony` `(proprietary rule revoked), by royal` `commission dated 27 Jun 1691.` `28 Dec 1715 Proprietary colony (restored).` `4 Jul 1776 British colonies represented in the Continental` `Congress are proclaimed free and independent` `states in accordance with a declaration approved` `at the session of the Congress in Philadelphia.` `6 Jul 1776 A declaration relieving the people of Maryland from` `allegiance to the King of Great Britain and` `empowering the province's delegates in the` `Continental Congress to vote for independence.` `8 Nov 1776 State of Maryland (informal to 5 Feb 1777).` `1 Mar 1781 Maryland formed part of the United States upon the` `taking effect of the Articles of Confederation.` `29 Apr 1861 Maryland House of Delegates officially votes down` `secession.`
Mayors of Baltimore

Absolute Lords and Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon 20 Jun 1632 - 22 Jul 1654 Cecilius "Cecil" Calvert, Baron (b. 1605 - d. 1675) of Baltimore (1st time) 22 Jul 1654 - 24 Mar 1658 Parliamentary Commission 24 Mar 1658 - 30 Nov 1675 Cecilius "Cecil"Calvert, Baron (s.a.) of Baltimore (2nd time) 30 Nov 1675 - 6 Apr 1692 Charles Calvert, Baron of (b. 1637 - d. 1715) Baltimore (proclaimed in Maryland 4 Mar 1676 6 Apr 1692 - 28 Dec 1715 Proprietary rule revoked 28 Dec 1715 - 24 Apr 1751 Charles Calvert, Baron of (b. 1699 - d. 1751) Baltimore 24 Apr 1751 - 4 Sep 1771 Frederick Calvert, Baron of (b. 1731 - d. 1771) Baltimore 4 Sep 1771 - 4 Jul 1776 Henry Harford (b. 1758 - d. 1834) (disputed by Louisa Calvert Browning [b. 1736 - d. 1821])

Lieutenant Generals of the Province of Maryland25 Mar 1634- 15 Apr 1634 Leonard Calvert (1st time)    (b. 1606 - d. 1647)
(appointed 13 Nov 1633)Feb 1638                   John Lewger (1st time) (b. 1602 - d. 1665)                              (acting for absent Calvert) Apr 1638 John Lewger (2nd time) (s.a.)                              (acting for absent Calvert) 27 May 1638 - 14 Aug 1638 Thomas Cornwaleys (Cornwallis) (b. c.1605 - d. 1676)                              (acting for absent Calvert)                              (1st time) 8 May 1641 - 10 Jul 1641 Thomas Cornwaleys (Cornwallis)     (s.a.)                              (acting for absent Calvert)                              (2nd time) 15 Apr 1643 - 6 Sep 1644 Giles Brent                        (b. 1600 - d. 1672) 6 Sep 1644 - 1645 Leonard Calvert (2nd time) (s.a.) (in Virginia exile Sep 1644 - 30 Jul 1646) 3 Oct 1644 - 16 Nov 1644 William Brainthwait      (b. 1590 - d. 1649)                              (acting for absent Calvert)1645 - 1646                office vacant 1646 - Dec 1646     Edward Hill                        (b. c.1590 - d. 1663) Dec 1646 - 9/10 Jun 1647 Leonard Calvert (3rd time)         (s.a.) 10 Jun 1647 - Mar/Apr 1649 Thomas Greene (1st time)           (b. 1609 - d. 1651) Mar/Apr 1649 - 29 Mar 1652 William Stone (1st time)           (b. c.1603 - d. 1659) Sep 1649 - 1649        Thomas Greene (2nd time)           (s.a.)                              (acting for absent Stone) 22 May 1650 - 25 Jun 1650 Thomas Hatton                      (b. c.1603 - d. 1655)                              (acting for absent Stone) Nov 1651 - 29 Mar 1652     Thomas Greene (3rd time)           (s.a.)                              (acting for absent Stone) 29 Mar 1652 - 28 Jun 1652 Robert Brooke, Sr.         (b. 1602 - d. 1655)                              (acting for absent Stone) 29 Mar 1652 - 28 Jun 1652 Council of Maryland                            - Richard Bennett                  (b. 1609 - d. 1675)                            - Edmund Curtis                            - William Claiborne                (s.a.) 28 Jun 1652 - 22 Jul 1654 William Stone (2nd time) (s.a.)22 Jul 1654 - 24 Mar 1658 Commissioners¹                            (appointed by the U.K. Parliamentary Commissioners)                            - William Fuller (b. c.1610 - d. 1695) - William Durand                   (b. c.1620 - d. 1672) - John Smith (to 25 Dec 1655)     (d. 1655) - John Lawson    (b. bf.1639 - d. 1668) - Richard Wells    (b. 1609 - d. 1667)                            - Richard Preston    (b. c.1618 - d. c.1669/70) - Edward Lloyd (b. c.1620 - d. 1696) - Leonard Strong                   (d. c.1659)    - John Hatch (b. c.1614 - d. 1681) - Richard Ewen (b. c.1610 - d. 1660) 24 Mar 1658 - Oct/Nov 1660 Josias Fendall                     (b. c.1628 - d. 1687)18 Jun 1657 - 26 Feb 1658 Luke Barber (acting for Fendall)   (b. c.1625 - d. 1668) Oct/Nov 1660 - 26 Nov 1661 Philip Calvert                     (b. 1626 - d. 1682) 26 Nov 1661 - 4 Mar 1676 Charles Calvert    (s.a.)                              (from 30 Nov 1675, Baron Baltimore) May 1669 - Nov 1670        Deputies and Commissioners                            (acting for absent Calvert)                            - Philip Calvert                   (s.a.)                            - William Calvert                  (b. c.1642 - d. 1682)                            - Jerome White                     (b. c.1635 - d. 1674)                            - Baker Brooke                     (b. 1628 - d. 1679) Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon 4 Mar 1676 - Jun/Jul 1676 Charles Calvert, Baron Baltimore   (s.a.)                              (1st time)(departed before 6 Jul 1676) Lieutenant General and Chief Governor of the Province of Maryland Jun/Jul 1676 - Jan 1679    Cecil Calvert                      (b. c.1667 - d. 1681) Jun/Jul 1676-Jul/Aug 1676 Jesse Wharton                      (b. 1604 - d. 1676)                              (acting for minor Cecil Calvert) Jul/Aug 1676 - Jan 1679    Thomas Notley                      (b. 1634 - d. 1679)                              (acting [to 17 Apr 1677] for minor Cecil Calvert) Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon Jan 1679 - May/Jun 1684    Charles Calvert, Baron Baltimore   (s.a.)                              (2nd time) Lieutenant General and Chief Governor of the Province of Maryland May/Jun 1684 - 1 Aug 1689 Benedict Leonard Calvert (s.a.)May/Jun 1684 - 3 Oct 1688 Deputies Lieutenants                           (acting for minor Benedict Calvert)                           - George Talbott                   (b. c.1629 - d. af.1687)                               (May/Jun 1684 - 2 Nov 1684)                           - Nicholas Sewall                  (b. c.1655 - d. 1737)                               (May/Jun 1684 - 3 Oct 1688)                           - John Darnall                  (b. c.1647 - d. 1684)                               (May/Jun 1684 - 14 Dec 1684)    -Vincent Lowe (b. 1632 - d. 1692)                               (May/Jun 1684 - 24 Feb 1686)
                           - Henry Darnall                   (b. 1645 - d. 1711)                               (May/Jun 1684 - 3 Oct 1688)                            - William Digges                   (b. 1651 - d. 1697)                               (20 Jun 1684 - 3 Oct 1688)
                           - William Stevens    (b. 1630 - d. 1687)                               (20 Jun 1684 - 23 Dec 1687)                                - William Burgess    (b. 1622 - d. 1686)                               (20 Jun 1684 - 24 Jan 1687)
                           - Thomas Taillor (Taylor)          (d. af.1709)                               (20 Jun 1684 - 3 Oct 1688)
                           - Clement Hill                     (b. 1641 - d. 1708)                               (28 Nov Dec 1685 - 3 Oct 1688)                            - Edward Pye                       (b. c.1647 - d. 1697)                              (10 Nov 1686 - 3 Oct 1688) 3 Oct 1688 - 1 Aug 1689 William Joseph (acting)          (b. 1650 - d. bf.1729)                              (deputy and president of the Council) 4 Sep 1689 - Aug/Sep 1690John Coode (acting)    (b. 1648 - d. 1709)                             (commander-in-chief of Forces within Province of Maryland) Aug/Sep 1690 - 6 Apr 1692 Nehemiah Blakiston (acting) (b. c.1636 - d. 1693)   (president of the Grand Committee)Captain General and Governor-in-Chief in and over The Province of Maryland and the Territories thereunto belonging 6 Apr 1692 - 9 Sep 1693 Sir Lionel Copley                  (b. 1648 - d. 1693) 9 Sep 1693 - 25 Sep 1693 Sir Thomas Lawrence (acting)    (b. c.1645 - d. 1714)                           - disputed with -                            Nehemiah Blakiston (acting)        (s.a.)Commander-in-Chief 25 Sep 1693 - 27 Jul 1694 Sir Edmund Andros      (b. 1637 - d. 1714)     (also in Virginia) Oct 1693 - 7 May 1694    Nicholas Greenberry (b. c.1627 - d. 1697)                              (acting for Andros)  7 May 1694 - 27 Jul 1694 Sir Thomas Lawrence    (s.a.)                              (acting for Andros) Captains General and Governors-in-Chief in and over The Province of Maryland and the Territories thereunto belonging 27 Jul 1694 - 2 Jan 1699 Francis Nicholson                  (b. 1655 - d. 1728) 2 Jan 1699 - 12 Apr 1704 Nathaniel Blakiston (b. c.1663 - d. 1722)                              (left for England 30 Jun 1702) 30 Jun 1702 - 12 Apr 1704 Thomas Tench (acting for Blakiston)(b. 1655 - d. 1708) 12 Apr 1704 - 30 Jul 1709 John Seymour (b. 1649 - d. 1709) Aug 1709 - 31 May 1714     Edward Lloyd (acting)        (b. 1670 - d. 1718) Captains General and Lieutenant Governors of the Province of Maryland 31 May 1714-c.16 Sep 1720 John Hart (departed May 1720)    (b. c.1680 - d. 1740) May 1720 - c.16 Sep 1720 Thomas Brooke, Jr. (b. c.1659 - d. 1731)                            (acting for Hart)   c.16 Sep 1720 - 3 Jul 1727 Charles Calvert (1st time) (b. 1688 - d. 1733)
Governors and Commanders-in-Chief in and over the Province of Maryland 3 Jul 1727 - 7 Dec 1731 Benedict Leonard Calvert           (b. 1700 - d. 1732)
7 Dec 1731 - 14 Nov 1732 Samuel Ogle (1st time)             (b. c.1694 - d. 1752)
Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon 14 Nov 1732 - 8 Jul 1733 Charles Calvert (2nd time)     (s.a.)
Governors and Commanders-in-Chief in and over the Province of Maryland 11 Jul 1733 - 23 Aug 1742 Samuel Ogle (2nd time)             (s.a.)
23 Aug 1742 - 16 Mar 1747 Thomas Bladen                      (b. 1698 - d. 1780)
16 Mar 1747 - 3 May 1752 Samuel Ogle (3rd time)             (s.a.)
4 May 1752 - 10 Aug 1753 Benjamin Tasker (acting)           (b. 1690 - d. 1768)
10 Aug 1753 - 6 Jun 1769 Horatio Sharpe                     (b. 1718 - d. 1790)
6 Jun 1769 - 23 Jun 1776 Robert Eden                        (b. 1741 - d. 1784)                              (deposed 23 Jun 1776, left for England 26 Jun 1776)
28 May 1774 - 8 Nov 1774 Richard Lee    (b. 1707 - d. 1787)
                             (acting for absent Eden)
23 Jun 1776 - 4 Jul 1776 Richard Lee (acting) (s.a.)
Chairman of the Convention26 Jul 1775 - 14 Aug 1775 Matthew Tilghman (b. 1718 - d. 1790)Presidents of the Convention 7 Dec 1775 - 18 Jan 1776 Matthew Tilghman (1st time)        (s.a.) 4 Apr 1776 - 14 May 1776 Charles Carroll            (b. 1737 - d. 1832) 21 Jun 1776 - 6 Jul 1776 Matthew Tilghman (2nd time)        (s.a.) 6 Jul 1776 - 14 Aug 1776 convention adjourned 14 Aug 1776 - 11 Nov 1776 Matthew Tilghman (3rd time)        (s.a.) Presidents of the Council of Safety30 Aug 1775 - 21 Oct 1775 Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer       (b. 1723 - d. 1790)
   (1st time) 21 Oct 1775 - 18 Jan 1776 Vacant 18 Jan 1776 - 22 Mar 1777 Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer       (s.a.)    (2nd time)Governors
20 Mar 1777 - 12 Nov 1779 Thomas Johnson, Jr.                (b. 1732 - d. 1819)
12 Nov 1779 - 22 Nov 1782 Thomas Sim Lee (1st time)          (b. 1745 - d. 1819)
22 Nov 1782 - 26 Nov 1785 William Paca                       (b. 1740 - d. 1799)
26 Nov 1785 - 27 Nov 1788 William Smallwood                  (b. 1732 - d. 1792)
27 Nov 1788 - 14 Nov 1791 John Eager Howard                  (b. 1752 - d. 1827) Fed
14 Nov 1791 - 10 Feb 1792 George Plater                      (b. 1735 - d. 1792) Fed10 Feb 1792 - 5 Apr 1792 James Brice (acting)           (b. 1746 - d. 1801) Fed
5 Apr 1792 - 17 Nov 1794 Thomas Sim Lee (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Fed
17 Nov 1794 - 28 Nov 1797 John Hoskins Stone                 (b. 1745 - d. 1804) Fed
28 Nov 1797 - 14 Nov 1798 John Henry                         (b. 1750 - d. 1798) Fed
14 Nov 1798 - 10 Nov 1801 Benjamin Ogle                      (b. 1749 - d. 1809) Fed
10 Nov 1801 - 13 Nov 1803 John Francis Mercer                (b. 1759 - d. 1821) D-R
15 Nov 1803 - 12 Nov 1806 Robert Bowie (1st time)            (b. 1750 - d. 1818) D-R
12 Nov 1806 - 6 May 1809 Robert Wright                      (b. 1752 - d. 1826) D-R
6 May 1809 - 9 Jun 1809 James Butcher (acting)             (b. bf.1772-d. 1824) D-R
9 Jun 1809 - 16 Nov 1811 Edward Lloyd                       (b. 1779 - d. 1834) D-R
16 Nov 1811 - 23 Nov 1812 Robert Bowie (2nd time)            (s.a.)               D-R
23 Nov 1812 - 2 Jan 1816 Levin Winder                       (b. 1757 - d. 1819) Fed
2 Jan 1816 - 8 Jan 1819 Charles Ridgely                    (b. 1760 - d. 1829) Fed
8 Jan 1819 - 20 Dec 1819 Charles Goldsborough               (b. 1765 - d. 1834) Fed
20 Dec 1819 - 16 Dec 1822 Samuel Sprigg                      (b. 1783 - d. 1855) D-R
16 Dec 1822 - 9 Jan 1826 Samuel Stevens, Jr.                (b. 1778 - d. 1860) D-R
9 Jan 1826 - 15 Jan 1829 Joseph Kent                        (b. 1779 - d. 1837) Dem
15 Jan 1829 - 15 Jan 1830 Daniel J. Martin (1st time)        (b. 1780 - d. 1831) Whg
15 Jan 1830 - 13 Jan 1831 Thomas King Carroll                (b. 1793 - d. 1873) Dem
13 Jan 1831 - 11 Jul 1831 Daniel J. Martin (2nd time)        (s.a.)               AJP
11 Jul 1831 - 17 Jan 1833 George Howard                      (b. 1789 - d. 1846) Whg
17 Jan 1833 - 14 Jan 1836 James Thomas                       (b. 1785 - d. 1845) Whg
14 Jan 1836 - 6 Jan 1839 Thomas Ward Veazey                 (b. 1774 - d. 1842) Whg
7 Jan 1839 - 2 Jan 1842 William Grason                     (b. 1788 - d. 1868) Dem
3 Jan 1842 - 5 Jan 1845 Francis Thomas                     (b. 1799 - d. 1876) Dem
6 Jan 1845 - 2 Jan 1848 Thomas G. Pratt                    (b. 1804 - d. 1869) Whg
3 Jan 1848 - 5 Jan 1851 Philip Francis Thomas              (b. 1810 - d. 1890) Dem
6 Jan 1851 - 10 Jan 1854 Enoch Louis Lowe                   (b. 1820 - d. 1892) Dem
11 Jan 1854 - 12 Jan 1858 Thomas Watkins Ligon               (b. 1810 - d. 1881) Dem
13 Jan 1858 - 8 Jan 1862 Thomas Holliday Hicks              (b. 1798 - d. 1865) AP;1861 Rep
8 Jan 1862 - 9 Jan 1866 Augustus W. Bradford               (b. 1806 - d. 1881) Uni
10 Jan 1866 - 12 Jan 1869 Thomas Swann                       (b. 1809 - d. 1883) Uni;1866 Dem
13 Jan 1869 - 10 Jan 1872 Oden Bowie                         (b. 1826 - d. 1894) Dem
10 Jan 1872 - 4 Mar 1874 William Pinkney Whyte              (b. 1824 - d. 1908) Dem
4 Mar 1874 - 12 Jan 1876 James Black Groome                 (b. 1838 - d. 1893) Dem
12 Jan 1876 - 14 Jan 1880 John Lee Carroll                   (b. 1830 - d. 1911) Dem
14 Jan 1880 - 9 Jan 1884 William T. Hamilton                (b. 1820 - d. 1888) Dem
9 Jan 1884 - 27 Mar 1885 Robert M. McLane                   (b. 1815 - d. 1898) Dem
27 Mar 1885 - 11 Jan 1888 Henry Lloyd                        (b. 1852 - d. 1920) Dem
11 Jan 1888 - 13 Jan 1892 Elihu E. Jackson                   (b. 1837 - d. 1907) Dem
13 Jan 1892 - 8 Jan 1896 Frank Brown                        (b. 1846 - d. 1920) Dem
8 Jan 1896 - 10 Jan 1900 Lloyd Lowndes                      (b. 1845 - d. 1905) Rep
10 Jan 1900 - 13 Jan 1904 John Walter Smith                  (b. 1845 - d. 1925) Dem
13 Jan 1904 - 8 Jan 1908 Edwin Warfield                     (b. 1848 - d. 1920) Dem
8 Jan 1908 - 10 Jan 1912 Austin L. Crothers                 (b. 1860 - d. 1912) Dem
10 Jan 1912 - 12 Jan 1916 Phillips Lee Goldsborough          (b. 1865 - d. 1946) Rep
12 Jan 1916 - 14 Jan 1920 Emerson C. Harrington              (b. 1864 - d. 1945) Dem
14 Jan 1920 - 9 Jan 1935 Albert C. Ritchie                  (b. 1876 - d. 1936) Dem
9 Jan 1935 - 11 Jan 1939 Harry W. Nice                      (b. 1877 - d. 1941) Rep
11 Jan 1939 - 3 Jan 1947 Herbert R. O'Conor                 (b. 1896 - d. 1959) Dem
3 Jan 1947 - 10 Jan 1951 William Preston Lane, Jr.          (b. 1892 - d. 1967) Dem
10 Jan 1951 - 14 Jan 1959 Theodore R. McKeldin               (b. 1900 - d. 1974) Rep
14 Jan 1959 - 25 Jan 1967 J. Millard Tawes                   (b. 1894 - d. 1979) Dem
25 Jan 1967 - 7 Jan 1969 Spiro T. Agnew                     (b. 1918 - d. 1996) Rep
7 Jan 1969 - 17 Jan 1979 Marvin Mandel                      (b. 1920 - d. 2015) Dem
                             (suspended 7 Oct 1977 - 11 Jan 1979)
4 Jun 1977 - 15 Jan 1979 Blair Lee III                      (b. 1916 - d. 1985) Dem
                             (acting for Mandel)
17 Jan 1979 - 20 Jan 1987 Harry R. Hughes                    (b. 1926 - d. 2019) Dem
20 Jan 1987 - 18 Jan 1995 William Donald Schaefer            (b. 1921 - d. 2011) Dem
18 Jan 1995 - 15 Jan 2003 Parris N. Glendening               (b. 1942)            Dem
15 Jan 2003 - 17 Jan 2007 Robert "Bob" L. Ehrlich, Jr.       (b. 1957)            Rep 17 Jan 2007 - 21 Jan 2015 Martin J. O'Malley                 (b. 1963)    Dem21 Jan 2015 - 18 Jan 2023 Lawrence "Larry" J. Hogan, Jr. (b. 1956)            Rep 18 Jan 2023 -      Westley "Wes" W.O. Moore   (b. 1978)    Dem

¹later additions to the body of commissioners were William Parker (20 Oct 1654), Robert Slye (24 Apr 24, 1655), Thomas Meeres and Thomas Marsh (26 Jun 1655), Sampson Waring, Michael Brooke,John Pott and Woodman Stockley (13 Aug 1655), William Parrott (23 March 1656/57), and Philip Morgan, William Ewen, Thomas Thomas, Philip Thomas, Samuel Withers and Richard Woolman (by spring, 1657). Thomas Marsh died in 1656/57 and Leonard Strong was serving as agent in England c.1655, but the other commissioners presumably remained active. The records, however, are incomplete and therefore the full service of all the commissioners cannot be established.

Massachusetts

1636 - 1686

29 Apr 1776 - 18 Mar 1908


Adopted 18 Mar 1908


6 Mar 1915 - 31 Oct 1971 Reverse

Map of Massachusetts	Official State Song "All Hail to Massachusetts" Adopted 3 Sep 1966	Official Folk Song "Massachusetts" Adopted 6 Jul 1981	State Constitution (15 Jun 1780)
Ceremonial March "The Road to Boston" Adopted 13 Nov 1985	Official Patriotic Song "Massachusetts (Because of You Our Land is Free)" Adopted 23 Oct 1989	State Polka "Say Hello to Someone in Massachusetts" Adopted 1 Oct 1998	Official Ode "Ode to Massachusetts" Adopted 16 Nov 2000
Capital: Boston (Watertown 22 Apr 1775 - 17 Mar 1776; Concord 7 Oct 1774 - 22 Apr 1775)	Motto: Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (By the sword we seekpeace, but peace only under liberty)	Nickname: The Bay State	Population: 7,029,917 (2020)

Mayors of Boston	Chronology `24 Oct 1620 Ludovic Stewart, Duke of Lennox and others are` `incorporated as a "Body corporate and politick"` `under the name of the Council established at` `Plymouth, in the County of Devon for the` `planting, ruling, ordering, and governing of New` `England, in America, also known historically as` `the Council of New England, in accordance with` `charter issued by command of King of England .` `11 Nov 1620 The English Pilgrim colonists aboardMayflower` `arrive in America at Provincetown on Cape Cod` `and sign theMayflower Compactgoverning document` `25 Dec 1620 Pilgrims settle at Plymouth Bay (Plymouth Bay` `colony)(sometimes spelled Plimouth).` `Autumn 1621 First Thanksgiving is celebrated in Plymouthby` `governor Bradford and the Pilgrims with` `Massasoit and members of the Wampanoag tribe.` `Aug 1622 - Mar 1623 Wessagusset (sometimes called the Weston)` `settlement near modern in Weymouth.` `Sep 1623 - spring 1624 Robert Gorges commissioned as governor-general` `of New England settles at modern Weymouth.` `1625 - Jun 1628 Mount Wollaston (later Mare Mount) settlement` `near modern day Quincy.` `19 Mar 1628 Sir Henry Rosewell (b. 1590 - d. 1656) and others` `are granted part of the territory of New England` `in America, adjacent to the Massachusetts Bay, in` `accordance with an indenture of grant issued by` `the Council of New England (variations in` `the spelling were recorded in the charter` `(Massachusetts, alias Mattachusetts, alias` `Massatusetts bay").` `4 Mar 1629 Sir Henry Rosewell and others are incorporated as a` `"body corporate and politique" under the name of` `the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts` `Bay in New England, and the grant issued by the` `Council of New England on 19 Mar 1628 is` `confirmed, in accordance with charter.` `14 Mar 1629 Colony of the Massachusetts Bay in New England.` `Jun/Jul 1629 The colony of the Massachusetts Bay is established` `upon the delivery and publication of the Charter` `in Massachusetts.` `22 Nov 1652 - 23 Jun 1665` `Province of` `Maineadministered by Massachusetts.` `7 Jul 1668 -25 May 1686` `Province ofMaineadministered by Massachusetts.` `13 Oct 1684 The charter of 1629, granted to the Governor and` `Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England,` `is declared "vacated, cancelled and annihilated"` `by judgment of the Court of Chancery.` `25 May 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Part of theDominion of New England` `with the` `Provinces of New Hampshire and Maine.` `7 Jun 1689 Colony of the Massachusetts Bay in New England` `(restored).` `16 May 1692 Colonies of the Massachusetts Bay and New Plymouth,` `and Martha's Vineyard (part of New York 1665-16` `May 1692), Nantucket (part of New York 1665-16` `May1692), Province of Maine, and the territory` `known as Acadia orNova Scotia(to 20 Sep 1697)` `are united and incorporated into a province under` `the name of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay` `in New England, in accordance with charter issued` `by the King of England on 7 Oct 1691.` `16 May 1692 Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England` `(or Colony of the Massachusetts Bay in New England)` `16 May 1692 -15 Mar 1820` `Mainepart of Massachusetts (District of Maine).` `5 May 1775 - 17 Mar 1776 British occupy Boston.` `5 May 1775 Provincial Congress passes a resolve withdrawing` `recognition of the provincial Governor.` `20 Jun 1775 Provincial Congress accepts the recommendations` `of the Continental Congress and declared the` `offices of Governor & Lieutenant Governor vacant.` `17 Mar 1776 British administration leaves Boston.` `17 Mar 1776 Colony of the Massachusetts Bay (official use by` `Provincial Congress and Council bf.17 Mar 1776).` `1 Jun 1776 The exercise of authority in the name of the King` `of Great Britain ceased, government is to be` `carried out in the name of the "Government and` `People of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England",` `in accordance with an act passed by the Great and` `General Court or Assembly.` `4 Jul 1776 British colonies represented in the Continental` `Congress are proclaimed free and independent` `states in accordance with a declaration approved` `at the session of the Congress in Philadelphia.` `18 Jul 1776 The Declaration of Independence approved by the` `Continental Congress is proclaimed at a public` `ceremony in Boston.` `18 Jul 1776 State of the Massachusetts-Bay (informal to 7 Dec` `1776).` `25 Oct 1780 Commonwealth of Massachusetts` `1 Mar 1781 Massachusetts formed part of the United States upon the taking effect of the Articles of Confederation.`
New Plymouth Colony (1620-1686, 1689-1692)
Dominion of New England (1686-1689)
Map of Cape Cod
The Mayflower Compact (1620)
Massachusetts Historical Maps

Governor-General of New EnglandSep 1623 - spring 1624 Robert Gorges (b. c.1589 - d. 1648) (at modern Weymouth)Governors of Mount Wollaston (later, Mare Mount) 1625 - 17 Mar 1626 Richard Wollaston (d. 1626) 1626 - Jun 1628 Thomas Morton (b. c.1579 - d. 1647)Governors of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay in New England 4 Mar 1629 - 30 Oct 1629 Matthew Cradock (b. c.1590 - d. 1641) (remained in London, England) Jun/Jul 1629 - 12 Jun 1630 John Endecott (Endicott)(1st time) (b. 1585 - d. 1665) 12 Jun 1630 - 14 May 1634 John Winthrop (1st time) (b. 1588 - d. 1649) 14 May 1634 - 6 May 1635 Thomas Dudley (1st time) (b. 1576 - d. 1653) 6 May 1635 - 25 May 1636 John Haynes (b. 1594 - d. 1653) 25 May 1636 - 17 May 1637 Sir Henry Vane (b. 1613 - d. 1662) 17 May 1637 - 13 May 1640 John Winthrop (2nd time) (s.a.) 13 May 1640 - 2 Jun 1641 Thomas Dudley (2nd time) (s.a.) 2 Jun 1641 - 18 May 1642 Richard Bellingham (1st time) (b. c.1592 - d. 1672) 18 May 1642 - 29 May 1644 John Winthrop (3rd time) (s.a.) 29 May 1644 - 14 May 1645 John Endecott (2nd time) (s.a.) 14 May 1645 - 6 May 1646 Thomas Dudley (3rd time) (s.a.) 6 May 1646 - 26 Mar 1649 John Winthrop (4th time) (s.a.) 26 Mar 1649 - 2 May 1649 Thomas Dudley (4th time)(acting) (s.a.) 2 May 1649 - 22 May 1650 John Endecott (3rd time) (s.a.) 22 May 1650 - 7 May 1651 Thomas Dudley (5th time) (s.a.) 7 May 1651 - 3 May 1654 John Endecott (4th time) (s.a.) 3 May 1654 - 23 May 1655 Richard Bellingham (2nd time) (s.a.) 23 May 1655 - 15 Mar 1665 John Endecott (5th time) (s.a.) 15 Mar 1665 - 7 Dec 1672 Richard Bellingham (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting to 3 May 1665) 7 Dec 1672 - 16 Mar 1679 John Leverett (b. 1616 - d. 1679) (from 22 Aug 1676?, Sir John Leverett) (acting to 7 May 1673) 16 Mar 1679 - 25 May 1686 Simon Bradstreet (1st time) (b. 1603 - d. 1697) (acting to 28 May 1679)25 May 1686 - 20 Dec 1686 Joseph Dudley (acting) (b. 1647 - d. 1720) 20 Dec 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Sir Edmund Andros (b. 1637 - d. 1714) President of the Council for Safety of the People and Conservation of the Peace20 Apr 1689 - 7 Jun 1689 Simon Bradstreet (s.a.)Governor of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay in New England 7 Jun 1689 - 16 May 1692 Simon Bradstreet (2nd time) (s.a.)Captains General and Governors-in-Chief in and over the Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England16 May 1692 - 18 Feb 1695 Sir William Phips (b. 1651 - d. 1695) 18 Feb 1695 - 26 May 1699 William Stoughton (1st time) (b. 1631 - d. 1701) (acting) 26 May 1699 - 5 Mar 1701 Richard Coote, Earl of Bellomont (b. 1636 - d. 1701) 5 Mar 1701- 7 Jul 1701 William Stoughton (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 10 Jul 1701 - 11 Jun 1702 Council of the Province11 Jun 1702 - 1 Feb 1715 Joseph Dudley (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Feb 1715 - 21 Mar 1715 Council of the Province 21 Mar 1715 - 9 Nov 1715 Joseph Dudley (3rd time) (s.a.) 9 Nov 1715 - Apr 1716 Elizeus Burgess (b. c.1670 - d. 1736) (did not take office) 9 Nov 1715 - 5 Oct 1716 William Tailer (1st time)(acting) (b. 1677 - d. 1732) 5 Oct 1716 - 1 Jan 1723 Samuel Shute (b. 1662 - d. 1742) 1 Jan 1723 - 19 Jul 1728 William Dummer (1st time)(acting) (b. 1677 - d. 1761) 19 Jul 1728 - 7 Sep 1729 William Burnett (b. 1688 - d. 1729) 10 Sep 1729 - 11 Jun 1730 William Dummer (acting) (b. 1677 - d. 1761) 11 Jun 1730 - 10 Aug 1730 William Tailer (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 10 Aug 1730 - 14 Aug 1741 Jonathan Belcher (b. 1682 - d. 1757) 14 Aug1741 - 11 Sep 1749 William Shirley (1st time) (b. 1694 - d. 1771) 11 Sep 1749 - 7 Aug 1753 Spencer Phips (1st time)(acting) (b. 1685 - d. 1757) 7 Aug 1753 - 25 Sep 1756 William Shirley (2nd time) (s.a.) 25 Sep 1756 - 4 Apr 1757 Spencer Phips (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 4 Apr 1757 - 3 Aug 1757 Council of the Province 3 Aug 1757 - 2 Aug 1760 Thomas Pownall (b. 1722 - d. 1805) (departed on 3 Jun 1760) 3 Jun 1760 - 2 Aug 1760 Thomas Hutchinson (1st time) (b. 1771 - d. 1780) (acting for Ponall) 2 Aug 1760 - 14 Mar 1771 Sir Francis Bernard (b. 1712 - d. 1779) (departed on 1 Aug 1769) 1 Aug 1769 - 17 May 1774 Thomas Hutchinson (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting for Bernard to 14 Mar 1771) 17 May 1774 - 17 Mar 1776 Thomas Gage (b. 1721 - d. 1787) (departed on 10 Oct 1775)10 Oct 1775 - 17 Mar 1776 Thomas Oliver (acting for Gage) (b. 1734 - d. 1815) Chairman of the Provincial Congress 7 Oct 1774 - 11 Oct 1774 John Hancock (b. 1737 - d. 1793) Presidents of the Provincial Congress(also in official use after 1 Feb 1775, President of the Congress of the Colony)11 Oct 1774 - 10 Dec 1774 John Hancock (1st time) (s.a.) 10 Dec 1774 - 1 Feb 1775 dissolution period 1 Feb 1775 - 29 May 1775 John Hancock (2nd time) (s.a.) 29 May 1775 - 31 May 1775 dissolution period31 May 1775 - 17 Jun 1775 Joseph Warren (b. 1741 - d. 1775) 17 Jun 1775 - 19 Jun 1775 Vacant19 Jun 1775 - 19 Jul 1775 James Warren (b. 1726 - d. 1808) Presidents of the Council 26 Jul 1775 - 12 Sep 1775 James Otis (1st time) (b. 1702 - d. 1778) 21 Sep 1775 - 6 Oct 1775 William Sever (1st time) (b. 1729 - d. 1809) 7 Oct 1775 - 16 Oct 1775 James Otis (2nd time) (s.a.) 17 Oct 1775 - 19 Oct 1775 James Bowdoin (1st time) (b. 1726 - d. 1790) 20 Oct 1775 - 23 Oct 1775 James Otis (3rd time) (s.a.) 24 Oct 1775 - 25 Oct 1775 James Bowdoin (2nd time) (s.a.) 26 Oct 1775 - 16 Nov 1775 James Otis (4th time) (s.a.) 29 Nov 1775 - 5 Dec 1775 Walter Spooner (1st time) (b. 1720 - d. 1803) 6 Dec 1775 - 29 Dec 1775 William Sever (2nd time) (s.a.) 30 Dec 1775 - 15 Jan 1776 Walter Spooner (2nd time) (s.a.) 16 Jan 1776 - 12 Feb 1776 William Sever (3rd time) (s.a.) 13 Feb 1776 - 23 Feb 1776 Benjamin Greenleaf (b. 1732 - d. 1799) 14 Mar 1776 - 29 Mar 1776 William Sever (4th time) (s.a.) 30 Mar 1776 - 30 Apr 1776 James Otis (5th time) (s.a.) 1 May 1776 - 3 May 1776 James Bowdoin (3rd time) (s.a.) 4 May 1776 - 7 May 1776 James Otis (6th time) (s.a.) 8 May 1776 James Bowdoin (4th time) (s.a.) 9 May 1776 - 13 May 1776 James Otis (7th time) (s.a.) 30 May 1776 - 22 Jun 1776 James Bowdoin (5th time) (s.a.) 24 Jun 1776 - 4 Jul 1776 Jeremiah Powell (1st time) (b. 1720 - d. 1784) 5 Jul 1776 - 16 Jul 1776 James Bowdoin (6th time) (s.a.) 17 Jul 1776 Richard Darby, Jr. (b. 1736 - d. 1781) 17 Jul 1776 - 16 Aug 1776 "various individuals" 16 Aug 1776 - 25 Sep 1776 James Bowdoin (7th time) (s.a.) 26 Sep 1776 - 4 Oct 1776 Walter Spooner (3rd time) (s.a.) 9 Oct 1776 - 16 Nov 1776 James Bowdoin (8th time) (s.a.) 18 Nov 1776 - 2 Dec 1776 Jeremiah Powell (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Dec 1776 - 11 Feb 1777 James Bowdoin (9th time) (s.a.) 12 Feb 1777 - 10 Jul 1777 Jeremiah Powell (3rd time) (s.a.) 11 Jul 1777 - 21 Jul 1777 Artemas Ward (1st time) (b. 1727 - d. 1800) 22 Jul 1777 - 1 Aug 1777 William Sever (5th time) (s.a.) 2 Aug 1777 - 13 Aug 1777 Artemas Ward (2nd time) (s.a.) 14 Aug 1777 - 1 Jun 1778 Jeremiah Powell (4th time) (s.a.) 2 Jun 1778 - 8 Jun 1778 Artemas Ward (3rd time) (s.a.) 9 Jun 1778 - 7 Jun 1779 Jeremiah Powell (5th time) (s.a.) 8 Jun 1779 - 10 Jun 1779 Artemas Ward (4th time) (s.a.) 11 Jun 1779 - 16 Oct 1779 Jeremiah Powell (6th time) (s.a.) 18 Oct 1779 - 23 Oct 1779 Artemas Ward (5th time) (s.a.) 25 Oct 1779 - 9 Nov 1779 William Sever (6th time) (s.a.) 10 Nov 1779 - 1 Dec 1779 Artemas Ward (6th time) (s.a.) 2 Dec 1779 - 7 Jun 1780 Jeremiah Powell (7th time) (s.a.) 8 Jun 1780 - 25 Aug 1780 James Bowdoin (10th time) (s.a.) 28 Aug 1780 - 5 Sep 1780 Jeremiah Powell (8th time) (s.a.) 6 Sep 1780 - 16 Sep 1780 James Bowdoin (11th time) (s.a.) 18 Sep 1780 - 13 Oct 1780 Jeremiah Powell (9th time) (s.a.) 14 Oct 1780 - 18 Oct 1780 James Bowdoin (12th time) (s.a.) 19 Oct 1780 - 25 Oct 1780 Jeremiah Powell (10th time) (s.a.)
Governors of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 25 Oct 1780 - 18 Feb 1785 John Hancock (1st time) (s.a.) Fed 18 Feb 1785 - 27 May 1785 Thomas Cushing III (acting) (b. 1725 - d. 1788) 27 May 1785 - 1 Jun 1787 James Bowdoin (s.a.) Fed 1 Jun 1787 - 8 Oct 1793 John Hancock (2nd time) (s.a.) Fed 8 Oct 1793 - 2 Jun 1797 Samuel Adams (b. 1722 - d. 1803) D-R (acting to 29 May 1794) 2 Jun 1797 - 7 Jun 1799 Increase Sumner (b. 1746 - d. 1799) Fed 7 Jun 1799 - 20 May 1800 Moses Gill (acting) (b. 1734 - d. 1800) Fed 20 May 1800 - 30 May 1800 Thomas Dawes (acting) (b. 1731 - d. 1809) Fed30 May 1800 - 29 May 1807 Caleb Strong (1st time) (b. 1745 - d. 1819) Fed 29 May 1807 - 10 Dec 1808 James Sullivan (b. 1744 - d. 1808) D-R 10 Dec 1808 - 1 May 1809 Levi Lincoln (acting) (b. 1749 - d. 1820) D-R 1 May 1809 - 10 Jun 1810 Christopher Gore (b. 1758 - d. 1827) Fed 10 Jun 1810 - 4 Mar 1812 Elbridge Gerry (b. 1744 - d. 1814) D-R 4 Mar 1812 - 30 May 1816 Caleb Strong (2nd time) (s.a.) Fed 30 May 1816 - 31 May 1823 John Brooks (b. 1752 - d. 1825) Fed 31 May 1823 - 6 Feb 1825 William Eustis (b. 1753 - d. 1825) D-R 6 Feb 1825 - 26 May 1825 Marcus Morton (1st time)(acting) (b. 1784 - d. 1864) D-R 26 May 1825 - 9 Jan 1834 Levi Lincoln, Jr. (b. 1782 - d. 1868) D-F 9 Jan 1834 - 1 Mar 1835 John Davis (1st time) (b. 1787 - d. 1854) Whg 1 Mar 1835 - 13 Jan 1836 Samuel T. Armstrong (acting) (b. 1784 - d. 1850) Whg 13 Jan 1836 - 18 Jan 1840 Edward Everett (b. 1794 - d. 1865) Whg 18 Jan 1840 - 7 Jan 1841 Marcus Morton (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 7 Jan 1841 - 17 Jan 1843 John Davis (2nd time) (s.a.) Whg 17 Jan 1843 - 9 Jan 1844 Marcus Morton (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 9 Jan 1844 - 11 Jan 1851 George N. Briggs (b. 1796 - d. 1861) Whg 11 Jan 1851 - 14 Jan 1853 George S. Boutwell (b. 1818 - d. 1905) DFS 14 Jan 1853 - 12 Jan 1854 John H. Clifford (b. 1809 - d. 1876) Whg 12 Jan 1854 - 4 Jan 1855 Emory Washburn (b. 1800 - d. 1877) Whg 4 Jan 1855 - 7 Jan 1858 Henry J. Gardner (b. 1818 - d. 1892) AP 7 Jan 1858 - 3 Jan 1861 Nathaniel P. Banks (b. 1816 - d. 1894) Rep 3 Jan 1861 - 4 Jan 1866 John A. Andrew (b. 1818 - d. 1867) Rep 4 Jan 1866 - 7 Jan 1869 Alexander H. Bullock (b. 1816 - d. 1882) Rep 7 Jan 1869 - 4 Jan 1872 William Claflin (b. 1818 - d. 1905) Rep 4 Jan 1872 - 29 Apr 1874 William B. Washburn (b. 1820 - d. 1887) Rep 29 Apr 1874 - 7 Jan 1875 Thomas Talbot (1st time) (acting) (b. 1818 - d. 1886) Rep 7 Jan 1875 - 6 Jan 1876 William Gaston (b. 1820 - d. 1894) Dem 6 Jan 1876 - 2 Jan 1879 Alexander H. Rice (b. 1818 - d. 1895) Rep 2 Jan 1879 - 8 Jan 1880 Thomas Talbot (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 8 Jan 1880 - 4 Jan 1883 John D. Long (b. 1838 - d. 1915) Rep 4 Jan 1883 - 3 Jan 1884 Benjamin F. Butler (b. 1818 - d. 1893) Dem 3 Jan 1884 - 6 Jan 1887 George D. Robinson (b. 1834 - d. 1896) Rep 6 Jan 1887 - 7 Jan 1890 Oliver Ames (b. 1831 - d. 1895) Rep 7 Jan 1890 - 8 Jan 1891 John Q.A. Brackett (b. 1842 - d. 1918) Rep 8 Jan 1891 - 4 Jan 1894 William E. Russell (b. 1857 - d. 1896) Dem 4 Jan 1894 - 5 Mar 1896 Frederic T. Greenhalge (b. 1842 - d. 1896) Rep 5 Mar 1896 - 4 Jan 1900 Roger Wolcott (b. 1847 - d. 1900) Rep 4 Jan 1900 - 8 Jan 1903 Winthrop M. Crane (b. 1853 - d. 1920) Rep 8 Jan 1903 - 5 Jan 1905 John L. Bates (b. 1859 - d. 1946) Rep 5 Jan 1905 - 4 Jan 1906 William L. Douglas (b. 1845 - d. 1924) Dem 4 Jan 1906 - 7 Jan 1909 Curtis Guild, Jr. (b. 1860 - d. 1915) Rep 7 Jan 1909 - 5 Jan 1911 Eben S. Draper (b. 1858 - d. 1914) Rep 5 Jan 1911 - 8 Jan 1914 Eugene N. Foss (b. 1858 - d. 1939) Dem 8 Jan 1914 - 6 Jan 1916 David I. Walsh (b. 1872 - d. 1947) Dem 6 Jan 1916 - 2 Jan 1919 Samuel W. McCall (b. 1851 - d. 1923) Rep 2 Jan 1919 - 6 Jan 1921 Calvin Coolidge (b. 1872 - d. 1933) Rep 6 Jan 1921 - 8 Jan 1925 Channing H. Cox (b. 1879 - d. 1968) Rep 8 Jan 1925 - 3 Jan 1929 Alvan T. Fuller (b. 1878 - d. 1958) Rep 3 Jan 1929 - 8 Jan 1931 Frank G. Allen (b. 1874 - d. 1950) Rep 8 Jan 1931 - 3 Jan 1935 Joseph B. Ely (b. 1881 - d. 1956) Dem 3 Jan 1935 - 7 Jan 1937 James M. Curley (b. 1874 - d. 1958) Dem 7 Jan 1937 - 5 Jan 1939 Charles F. Hurley (b. 1893 - d. 1946) Dem 5 Jan 1939 - 3 Jan 1945 Leverett Saltonstall (b. 1892 - d. 1979) Rep 3 Jan 1945 - 2 Jan 1947 Maurice J. Tobin (b. 1901 - d. 1953) Dem 2 Jan 1947 - 6 Jan 1949 Robert F. Bradford (b. 1902 - d. 1983) Rep 6 Jan 1949 - 8 Jan 1953 Paul A. Dever (b. 1903 - d. 1958) Dem 8 Jan 1953 - 3 Jan 1957 Christian A. Herter (b. 1895 - d. 1966) Rep 3 Jan 1957 - 5 Jan 1961 Foster Furcolo (b. 1911 - d. 1995) Dem 5 Jan 1961 - 3 Jan 1963 John A. Volpe (1st time) (b. 1908 - d. 1994) Rep 3 Jan 1963 - 7 Jan 1965 Endicott Peabody (b. 1920 - d. 1997) Dem 7 Jan 1965 - 22 Jan 1969 John A. Volpe (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 22 Jan 1969 - 2 Jan 1975 Francis W. Sargent (b. 1915 - d. 1998) Rep 2 Jan 1975 - 4 Jan 1979 Michael S. Dukakis (1st time) (b. 1933) Dem 4 Jan 1979 - 6 Jan 1983 Edward J. King (b. 1925 - d. 2006) Dem 6 Jan 1983 - 3 Jan 1991 Michael S. Dukakis (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 1991 - 29 Jul 1997 William F. Weld (b. 1945) Rep 29 Jul 1997 - 10 Apr 2001 Paul Cellucci (b. 1948 - d. 2013) Rep 10 Apr 2001 - 2 Jan 2003 Jane Swift (f) (b. 1965) Rep 2 Jan 2003 - 4 Jan 2007 W. Mitt Romney (b. 1947) Rep 4 Jan 2007 - 8 Jan 2015 Deval L. Patrick (b. 1956) Dem 8 Jan 2015 - 5 Jan 2023 Charles "Charlie" D. Baker, Jr. (b. 1956) Rep 5 Jan 2023 - Maura Tracy Healey (f) (b. 1971) Dem

Dominion of New England

Map of Dominion
of New England

Capital: Boston
(New York Apr - Jun 1689)

25 May 1686 Colony of theMassachusetts Bay, the Provinces ofNew Hampshireand Maineand the Narragansett Country (King's Province) are placed under the administration of the Territory and Dominion of New England in accordance with a royal commission (Territory and Dominion of New England in America). 20 Dec 1686 Colony ofNew Plymouthis added to the Dominion by the first royal commission to the governor-in-Chief Andros dated 3 Jun 1686. 7 Apr 1688 Colonies ofRhode Island and Connecticut, Province ofNew York and East and West Jersey annexed to the dominionby the second royal commission to Andros (published 19 Jul 1688). 18 Apr 1689 Dominion effectively collapsed following an insurrection in Boston.26 Apr 1689 Lieutenant Governor of the Dominion of New England Francis Nicholson and members of the Council received a report of the deposition of Governor Andros in Boston at their meeting in New York. Nicholson and the Council continued in office in New York.10 Jun 1689 The council holds its last meeting in New York, and Nicholson departed from the city of New York on 11 Jun 1689.

President of the Council of His Majesty's Territory and Dominion of New England in America 25 May 1686 - 20 Dec 1686 Joseph Dudley (b. 1647 - d. 1720) Captain General and Governor-in-Chief of His Majesty's Territory and Dominion of New England in America 20 Dec 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Sir Edmund Andros (b. 1637 - d. 1714) Lieutenant Governor of His Majesty's Territory and Dominion of New England in America 18 Apr 1689 - 10 Jun 1689 Francis Nicholson (b. 1655 - d. 1728)

New Plymouth Colony

Map of New Plymouth Colony

Capital: Plymouth
(Plimouth)

Population: 7,424 (1690);
1,020 (1640)

11 Nov 1620 English Pilgrim colonists aboard theMayflowerarrive in America at Provincetown on Cape Cod and sign theMayflower Compact.21 Dec 1620 The Pilgrim colonists aboard theMayflowerland at Plymouth Rock at a site called New Plymouth. 20 Dec 1620 Colony of New Plymouth is effectively established with the selection of the site by the settlers (Colony of New Plymouth, Government of New Plymouth, Jurisdiction of New Plymouth were all in use). 13 Jan 1630 The settlers of the Colony of New Plymouth, William Bradford and others, are formally granted lands in New England, including the area of their settlement, in accordance with a deed issued by the Council of New England. 2 Mar 1641 William Bradford and the other holders of the lands granted in 1630 surrender their rights and title to all granted lands, with a small exception, to the freemen of the Colony of New Plymouth.20 Dec 1686 Part of theDominion of New England.18 Apr 1689 The government of the Dominion of New England effectively collapsed following an insurrection in Boston. 4 Jun 1689 The government of the Colony of New Plymouth is resumed (Colony of New Plymouth, Government of New Plymouth, Jurisdiction of New Plymouth were all in use).16 May 1692 Part of Province of theMassachusettsBay in New England.

Governors 11 Nov 1620 -c.5 Apr 1621 John Carver (b. 1576 - d. 1621) Apr 1621 - 1 Jan 1633 William Bradford (1st time) (b. 1590 - d. 1657) 1 Jan 1633 - 27 Mar 1634 Edward Winslow (Wynslow)(1st time) (b. 1595 - d. 1655) 27 Mar 1634 - 3 Mar 1635 Thomas Prence (Prince)(1st time) (b. 1599 - d. 1673) 3 Mar 1635 - 1 Mar 1636 William Bradford (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Mar 1636 - 7 Mar 1637 Edward Winslow (2nd time) (s.a.) 7 Mar 1637 - 5 Jun 1638 William Bradford (3rd time) (s.a.) 5 Jun 1638 - 4 Jun 1639 Thomas Prence (2nd time) (s.a.) 4 Jun 1639 - 5 Jun 1644 William Bradford (4th time) (s.a.) 5 Jun 1644 - 4 Jun 1645 Edward Winslow (3rd time) (s.a.) 4 Jun 1645 - 9 May 1657 William Bradford (5th time) (s.a.) 9 May 1657 - 3 Jun 1657 Vacant 3 Jun 1657 - 29 Mar 1673 Thomas Prence (3rd time) (s.a.) 29 Mar 1673 - 3 Jun 1673 John Aldin (Alden) (acting) (b. c.1598 - d. 1687) 3 Jun 1673 - 18 Dec 1680 Josiah (Josias) Winslow (b. 1628 - d. 1680) 18 Dec 1680 - 20 Dec 1686 Thomas Hinckley (1st time) (b. 1618 - d. 1705) (acting to 7 Jun 1681) 20 Dec 1686 - 18 Apr 1689 Sir Edmund Andros (b. 1637 - d. 1714) 18 Apr 1689 - 4 Jun 1689 Francis Nicholson (acting) (b. 1655 - d. 1728) 4 Jun 1689 - 16 May 1692 Thomas Hinckley (2nd time) (s.a.)

Michigan

[Flag of State
of Michigan (U.S.)]
Adopted 1 Aug 1911

Map of Michigan	Hear State Song "My Michigan"	Text of State Song Adopted 21 May 1937	State Constitution (1 Jan 1964)
Capital: Lansing (Detroit 1805-16 Mar 1847; Michigan Town 16 Mar 1847 - 3 Apr 1848) (Michigan Terr.: Green Bay 1 Jan 1836 - 3 Jul 1836)	Motto: Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice (If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you)	Nicknames: Wolverine State, The Lake State	Population: 10,077,331 (2020)

Mayors of Detroit	Chronology `24 Jul 1701 Ft. Detroit founded by France, principal fort of` `the Upper country (area along the Great Lakes),` `a part of New France.` `10 Feb 1763 Ceded to the U.K (Ft. Detroit surrendered to the` `British on 29 Nov 1760).` `22 Jun 1774 Part ofQuebecprovince.` `3 Sep 1783 Ceded to the U.S. by the U.K.` `13 Jul 1787 Part of Northwest Territory (seeOhio).` `11 Jul 1796 British relinquish forts Detroit and Mackinac` `(on 1 Sep 1796) to the U.S. by Jay's Treaty.` `4 Jul 1800 Part ofIndianaTerritory.` `30 Jun 1805 Territory of Michigan (by law of 11 Jan 1805).` `17 Jul 1812 - 18 Jul 1815 British occupy Fort Mackinac.16 Aug 1812 - 28 Sep 1813 British occupy Fort Detroit.` `16 Aug 1812 - 28 Sep 1813 British occupiers declared Michigan re-annexed.30 Mar 1835 The laws of the Territory of Michigan are to remain` `in force, and the Legislative Council is to` `continue to operate in the district not included` `within the limits of the future State of` `Michigan.` `2 Nov 1835 State of Michigan` `3 Jul 1836 Part of the Territory of Michigan within designated` `boundaries, excluding the State of Michigan,` `constitutes a separate territory under the name` `ofWisconsin, and the authority of the` `territorial government of Michigan ceases.14 Dec 1836 Toledo Strip ceded to Ohio by Michigan Convention.26 Jan 1837 Michigan is admitted to the United States.`
Mayors of Lansing

Lieutenant-governors of the Detroit districtApr 1775 - Apr 1782        Henry Hamilton                     (b. c.1734 - d. 1796)Mil                            (arrived Nov 1775; from 25 Feb 1779 in U.S. prisoner)23 Apr 1782 - 2 Aug 1785 Jehu Hay                           (b. 1748 - d. 1785) Mil                            (arrived 12 Jul 1784)Lieutenant-governor of the Mackinac district 7 Apr 1775 - 18 Sep 1782 Patrick Sinclair (b. 1736 - d. 1820) Mil                   (arrived Oct 1779)Governors of the Territory of Michigan 1 Jul 1805 - 29 Oct 1813 William Hull                       (b. 1753 - d. 1825) Mil                              (British prisoner 16 Aug - Sep 1812)
16 Aug 1812 - 25 Aug 1812 Isaac Brock                        (b. 1769 - d. 1812) Mil    (British commander)    21 Aug 1812 - 29 Sep 1813 Henry Patrick Procter              (b. 1763 - d. 1822) Mil    (civil governor)         2 Dec 1813 -30 Jul 1831 Lewis Cass                         (b. 1782 - d. 1866) Dem
30 Jul 1831 - 17 Sep 1831 Stevens Thomas Mason (1st time)    (b. 1811 - d. 1843) Dem                              (acting) 17 Sep 1831 - 6 Jul 1834 George Bryan Porter                (b. 1791 - d. 1834) Dem
6 Jul 1834 - 21 Sep 1835 Stevens Thomas Mason (2nd time)    (s.a.) Dem
(acting)21 Sep 1835 - 2 Jul 1836 John Scott Horner (acting)       (b. 1802 - d. 1883) Dem Governor of the State of Michigan 3 Nov 1835 - 7 Jan 1840 Stevens Thomas Mason (3rd time)    (s.a.) Dem 7 Jan 1840 - 24 Feb 1841 William Woodbridge                 (b. 1780 - d. 1861) Whg 24 Feb 1841 - 3 Jan 1842 James Wright Gordon (acting)       (b. 1809 - d. 1853) Whg 3 Jan 1842 - 5 Jan 1846 John Stweart Barry (1st time)      (b. 1802 - d. 1870) Dem 5 Jan 1846 - 3 Mar 1847 Alpheus Felch                      (b. 1804 - d. 1896) Dem 4 Mar 1847 - 3 Jan 1848 William Lawrence Greenly (b. 1813 - d. 1883) Dem 3 Jan 1848 - 7 Jan 1850 Epaphroditus Ransom                (b. 1787 - d. 1859) Dem 7 Jan 1850 - 31 Dec 1851 John Stewart Barry (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Dem 1 Jan 1852 - 7 Mar 1853 Robert McClelland                  (b. 1807 - d. 1880) Dem 8 Mar 1853 - 31 Dec 1854 Andrew Parsons               (b. 1817 - d. 1855) Dem 1 Jan 1855 - 31 Dec 1858 Kinsley Scott Bingham              (b. 1808 - d. 1861) Rep 1 Jan 1859 - 31 Dec 1860 Moses Wisner                       (b. 1815 - d. 1863) Rep 1 Jan 1861 - 31 Dec 1864 Austin Blair                       (b. 1818 - d. 1894) Rep 1 Jan 1865 - 31 Dec 1868 Henry Howland Crapo                (b. 1804 - d. 1869) Rep 1 Jan 1869 - 1 Jan 1873 Henry Porter Baldwin               (b. 1814 - d. 1892) Rep 1 Jan 1873 - 3 Jan 1877 John Judson Bagley                 (b. 1832 - d. 1881) Rep 3 Jan 1877 - 1 Jan 1881 Charles Miller Croswell            (b. 1825 - d. 1886) Rep 1 Jan 1881 - 1 Jan 1883 David Howell Jerome                (b. 1829 - d. 1896) Rep 1 Jan 1883 - 1 Jan 1885 Josiah Williams Begole             (b. 1815 - d. 1896) DGP 1 Jan 1885 - 1 Jan 1887 Russell Alexander Alger            (b. 1836 - d. 1907) Rep 1 Jan 1887 - 1 Jan 1891 Cyrus Gray Luce                    (b. 1824 - d. 1905) Rep 1 Jan 1891 - 1 Jan 1893 Edwin Baruch Winans                (b. 1826 - d. 1894) Dem 1 Jan 1893 - 1 Jan 1897 John Tyler Rich                    (b. 1841 - d. 1926) Rep 1 Jan 1897 - 1 Jan 1901 Hazen Stuart Pingree               (b. 1840 - d. 1901) Rep 1 Jan 1901 - 1 Jan 1905 Aaron Thomas Bliss                 (b. 1837 - d. 1906) Rep 2 Jan 1905 - 2 Jan 1911 Fred Maltby Warner                 (b. 1865 - d. 1923) Rep 2 Jan 1911 - 1 Jan 1913 Chase Salmon Osborn                (b. 1860 - d. 1949) Rep 1 Jan 1913 - 1 Jan 1917 Woodbridge Nathan Ferris           (b. 1853 - d. 1928) Dem 1 Jan 1917 - 1 Jan 1921 Albert Eeson Sleeper               (b. 1862 - d. 1934) Rep 1 Jan 1921 - 1 Jan 1927 Alexander Joseph Groesbeck         (b. 1873 - d. 1953) Rep 1 Jan 1927 - 1 Jan 1931 Fred Warren Green                  (b. 1872 - d. 1936) Rep 1 Jan 1931 - 1 Jan 1933 Wilber Marion Brucker              (b. 1894 - d. 1968) Rep 1 Jan 1933 - 1 Jan 1935 William Alfred Comstock            (b. 1877 - d. 1949) Dem 1 Jan 1935 - 1 Jan 1937 Frank Dwight Fitzgerald (1st time) (b. 1885 - d. 1939) Rep 1 Jan 1937 - 1 Jan 1939 Frank William Murphy               (b. 1890 - d. 1949) Dem 1 Jan 1939 - 16 Mar 1939 Frank Dwight Fitzgerald (2nd time) (s.a.)               Rep 16 Mar 1939 - 1 Jan 1941 Luren Dudley Dickinson             (b. 1859 - d. 1943) Rep 1 Jan 1941 - 1 Jan 1943 Murray Delos Van Wagoner           (b. 1898 - d. 1986) Dem 1 Jan 1943 - 1 Jan 1947 Harry Francis Kelly                (b. 1895 - d. 1971) Rep 1 Jan 1947 - 1 Jan 1949 Kimber Cornellus Sigler            (b. 1894 - d. 1953) Rep 1 Jan 1949 - 1 Jan 1961 Gehard Mennen Williams             (b. 1911 - d. 1988) Dem 1 Jan 1961 - 1 Jan 1963 John Burley Swainson               (b. 1925 - d. 1994) Dem 1 Jan 1963 - 22 Jan 1969 George Wilcken Romney              (b. 1907 - d. 1995) Rep 22 Jan 1969 - 1 Jan 1983 William Grawn Milliken             (b. 1922 - d. 2019) Rep 1 Jan 1983 - 1 Jan 1991 James Johnston Blanchard           (b. 1942)            Dem 1 Jan 1991 - 1 Jan 2003 John M. Engler                     (b. 1948)            Rep 1 Jan 2003 - 1 Jan 2011 Jennifer Granholm (f)              (b. 1959)            Dem 1 Jan 2011 - 1 Jan 2019 Richard "Rick" D. Snyder    (b. 1958) Rep 1 Jan 2019 -              Gretchen E. Whitmer (f)            (b. 1971)            Dem

Minnesota

4 Apr 1893 - 19 Mar 1957	4 Apr 1893 - 19 Mar 1957 Reverse	19 Mar 1957 - 1 Aug 1983	1 Aug 1983 - 11 May 2024
Adopted 11 May 2024

Map of Minnesota	Hear State Song "Hail! Minnesota"	Text of State Song Adopted 19 Apr 1945	State Constitution (11 May 1858)
Capital: Saint Paul	Motto: L'Étoile du Nord (The North Star)	Nicknames: North Star State, Land of 10,000 Lakes, Gopher State	Population: 5,706,494 (2020)

Mayors of Minneapolis	Chronology `13 Jul 1787 Northeast MN part of Northwest Territory` `(seeOhio).` `4 Jul 1800 Northeast MN part of Indiana Territory.` `26 Mar 1804 Southwest MN partLouisianaTerritory.` `2 Feb 1809 Northeast MN part of Illinois Territory.` `7 Dec 1812 Southwest MN part ofMissouriTerritory.` `3 Dec 1818 Northeast MN part ofMichiganTerritory.` `10 Aug 1821 Southwest MN unorganized territory.` `28 Jun 1834 Southwest MN part of Michigan Territory.` `4 Jul 1836 Northeast MN part ofWisconsinTerritory.` `4 Jul 1836 Southwest MN part of Wisconsin Territory.` `4 Jul 1838 Southwest MN part of Iowa Territory.` `9 Apr 1842` `Webster–Ashburton Treaty reaffirmed the border and established the exact location of the northwesternmost point of the Lake of the Woods (the northwest angle). 28 Dec 1846 Southwest MN unorganized territory.` `3 Mar 1849 Territory of Minnesota` `13 Oct 1857 State of Minnesota 11 May 1858 Minnesota is admitted to the United States.`
Mayors of St. Paul

Governors
1 Jun 1849 - 15 May 1853 Alexander Ramsey (1st time)        (b. 1815 - d. 1903) Whg
15 May 1853 - 23 Apr 1857 Willis Arnold Gorman               (b. 1816 - d. 1876) Dem
23 Apr 1857 - 24 May 1858 Samuel Medary                      (b. 1801 - d. 1864) Dem
13 Oct 1857 - 24 May 1858 Charles L. "C.L." Chase            (b. 1826 - d. 1895) Dem                              (acting for Medary) 24 May 1858 - 2 Jan 1860 Henry Hastings Sibley              (b. 1811 - d. 1891) Dem
2 Jan 1860 - 10 Jul 1863 Alexander Ramsey (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Rep
10 Jul 1863 - 11 Jan 1864 Henry Adoniram Swift               (b. 1823 - d. 1869) Rep
11 Jan 1864 - 8 Jan 1866 Stephen Miller                     (b. 1816 - d. 1881) Rep
8 Jan 1866 - 9 Jan 1870 William Rainey Marshall            (b. 1825 - d. 1896) Rep
9 Jan 1870 - 7 Jan 1874 Horace Austin                      (b. 1831 - d. 1905) Rep
7 Jan 1874 - 7 Jan 1876 Cushman Kellog Davis               (b. 1838 - d. 1900) Rep
7 Jan 1876 - 10 Jan 1882 John Sargent Pillsbury             (b. 1828 - d. 1901) Rep
10 Jan 1882 - 5 Jan 1887 Lucius Frederick Hubbard           (b. 1836 - d. 1913) Rep
5 Jan 1887 - 9 Jan 1889 Andrew Ryan McGill                 (b. 1840 - d. 1905) Rep
9 Jan 1889 - 4 Jan 1893 William Rush Merriam               (b. 1849 - d. 1931) Rep
4 Jan 1893 - 31 Jan 1895 Knute Nelson                       (b. 1843 - d. 1923) Rep
31 Jan 1895 - 2 Jan 1899 David Marston Clough               (b. 1846 - d. 1924) Rep
2 Jan 1899 - 7 Jan 1901 John Lind                          (b. 1854 - d. 1930) Dem
7 Jan 1901 - 4 Jan 1905 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant             (b. 1844 - d. 1936) Rep
4 Jan 1905 - 21 Sep 1909 John Albert Johnson                (b. 1861 - d. 1909) Dem
21 Sep 1909 - 5 Jan 1915 Adolph Olson Eberhart              (b. 1870 - d. 1944) Rep
5 Jan 1915 - 30 Dec 1915 Winfield Scott Hammond             (b. 1863 - d. 1915) Dem
30 Dec 1915 - 5 Jan 1921 Joseph Alfred Arner Burnquist      (b. 1879 - d. 1961) Rep
5 Jan 1921 - 6 Jan 1925 Jacob Aall Ottesen Preus           (b. 1883 - d. 1961) Rep
6 Jan 1925 - 6 Jan 1931 Theodore Christianson              (b. 1883 - d. 1948) Rep
6 Jan 1931 - 22 Aug 1936 Floyd Bjernstjerne Olson           (b. 1891 - d. 1936) MFL
23 Aug 1936 - 4 Jan 1937 Hjalmar Petersen                   (b. 1890 - d. 1968) MFL
4 Jan 1937 - 2 Jan 1939 Elmer Austin Benson                (b. 1895 - d. 1985) MFL
2 Jan 1939 - 27 Apr 1943 Harold Edward Stassen              (b. 1907 - d. 2001) Rep
27 Apr 1943 - 8 Jan 1947 Edward John Thye                   (b. 1896 - d. 1969) Rep
8 Jan 1947 - 27 Sep 1951 Luther Wallace Youngdahl           (b. 1896 - d. 1978) Rep
27 Sep 1951 - 5 Jan 1955 Clyde Elmer Anderson               (b. 1912 - d. 1998) Rep
5 Jan 1955 - 2 Jan 1961 Orville Lothrop Freeman            (b. 1918 - d. 2003) DFL
2 Jan 1961 - 25 Mar 1963 Elmer Lee Andersen                 (b. 1909 - d. 2004) Rep
25 Mar 1963 - 2 Jan 1967 Karl Fritjof Rolvaag               (b. 1913 - d. 1990) DFL
2 Jan 1967 - 4 Jan 1971 Harold Powrie LeVander             (b. 1910 - d. 1992) Rep
4 Jan 1971 - 29 Dec 1976 Wendell "Wendy" R. Anderson        (b. 1933 - d. 2016) DFL
29 Dec 1976 - 4 Jan 1979 Rudolph George Perpich (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 1995) DFL
4 Jan 1979 - 3 Jan 1983 Albert Harold Quie                 (b. 1923 - d. 2023) Rep
3 Jan 1983 - 7 Jan 1991 Rudolph George Perpich (2nd time) (s.a.)               DFL
7 Jan 1991 - 4 Jan 1999 Arne Helge Carlson                 (b. 1934)            Rep
4 Jan 1999 - 6 Jan 2003 Jesse ("the Body") Ventura         (b. 1951)            Ref;
                             (= James George Janos)                            3-4-2000 IPM
6 Jan 2003 - 3 Jan 2011 Tim Pawlenty                       (b. 1960)            Rep 3 Jan 2011 - 7 Jan 2019 Mark Dayton (b. 1947) Dem 7 Jan 2019 -              Timothy "Tim" J. Walz              (b. 1964)            Dem

Mississippi

9 Jan 1861 - 30 Mar 1861 Unofficial	30 Mar 1861 - 7 Feb 1894	1861 - 1894 Unofficial Variant	7 Feb 1894 - 30 Jun 2020
Adopted 11 Jan 2021

Map of Mississippi	Hear State Song "One Mississippi" Adopted 1 Jul 2022	Former State Song "Go, Mississippi" 17 May 1962 - 1 Jul 2022	State Constitution (1 Nov 1890)
Capital: Jackson (Natchez 1798 - 1802, 1817-1821; Washington 1802 - 1821; Columbia 1821 - 23 Dec 1822 [Confederate: Macon 1863 - 1864, 1865; Columbus 1864-1865])	Motto: Virtute et armis (By valor and arms)	Nickname: Magnolia State	Population: 2,961,279 (2020)

Mayors of Jackson	Chronology `7 Apr 1699 French establish Fort Maurepas (near modern Biloxi [then spelled Bilocci]). 20 Oct 1763 Part of West Florida (with occupation of Mobile).`25 Apr 1796 The territory east of the River Mississippi in dispute between the U.S. and Spain is confirmed to lie within the boundaries of the U.S. in accordance with a treaty signed by the plenipotentiaries of the United States and the King of the Spains at San Lorenzo el Real on 27 Oct 1795, effective upon the exchange of ratifications at Aranjuez on 25 Apr 1796. 7 Apr 1798 `MississippiTerritory` `(constituted by Congress; territorial government established 18 Aug 1798).` `15 Aug 1817 State` `of` `Mississippi` `10 Dec 1817 Mississippi is admitted to the United States.` `9 Jan 1861 Secession` `8 Feb 1861 Founding state of Confederate States of` `America.` `5 Oct 1863 - 10 Jan 1865 Confederate deserters led by Newton Knight` `(b. 1837 - d. 1922) seizes power in most of` `Jones county in southern Mississippi,` `creating` `so-called "Free State of Jones."` `22 Aug 1865 Ordinance of secession of 1861 is declared to be` `henceforward null and of no binding force.23 Feb 1870 Re-admitted to United States.`

Governors
18 Aug 1798 - 7 May 1801 Winthrop Sargent                   (b. 1753 - d. 1820) Fed                              (appointed 7 May 1798, arrived 6 Aug 1798) 3 Apr 1801 - 23 Nov 1801 John Steele                        (b. 1764 - d. 1815) Fed                              (acting [for Sargent to 7 May 1801]) 23 Nov 1801 - 2 Oct 1804 William Charles Coles Claiborne    (b. 1775 - d. 1817) D-R
2 Oct 1804 - 10 May 1805 Cato West (acting)     (b. 1765 - d. 1819) D-R 10 May 1805 - 3 Mar 1809 Robert Williams                    (b. 1773 - d. 1855) D-R
3 Mar 1809 - 30 Jun 1809 Thomas Hill Williams (acting)    (b. 1780 - d. 1840) D-R 30 Jun 1809 - 5 Jan 1820 David Holmes (1st time)            (b. 1769 - d. 1832) D-R 5 Jan 1820 - 7? Jan 1822 George Poindexter                  (b. 1779 - d. 1853) D-R
7? Jan 1822 - 17 Nov 1825 Walter Leake                       (b. 1762 - d. 1825) D-R
17 Nov 1825 - 7 Jan 1826 Gerard Chittocque Brandon          (b. 1788 - d. 1850) D-R
                             (1st time)(acting)
7 Jan 1826 - 25 Jul 1826 David Holmes (2nd time)            (s.a.)               D-R
25 Jul 1826 - 9 Jan 1832 Gerard Chittocque Brandon          (s.a.)               D-R
                             (2nd time)(acting to 9 Jan 1828)
9 Jan 1832 - 12 Jun 1833 Abram Marshall Scott               (b. 1785 - d. 1833) Dem
12 Jun 1833 - 21 Nov 1833 Charles Lynch (1st time) (acting) (b. 1783 - d. 1853) Dem
21 Nov 1833 - 21 Nov 1835 Hiram George Runnels               (b. 1796 - d. 1857) Dem
21 Nov 1835 - 3 Dec 1835 Vacant 3 Dec 1835 - 7 Jan 1836 John Anthony Quitman (1st time)    (b. 1798 - d. 1858) Whg
                             (acting)
7 Jan 1836 - 8 Jan 1838 Charles Lynch (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Dem
8 Jan 1838 - 10 Jan 1842 Alexander Gallatin McNutt          (b. 1802 - d. 1848) Dem
10 Jan 1842 - 10 Jan 1844 Tilgham Mayfield Tucker            (b. 1802 - d. 1859) Dem
10 Jan 1844 - 10 Jan 1848 Albert Gallatin Brown              (b. 1813 - d. 1880) Dem
10 Jan 1848 - 10 Jan 1850 Joseph Warren Matthews             (b. 1812 - d. 1862) Dem
10 Jan 1850 - 3 Feb 1851 John Anthony Quitman (2nd time)    (s.a.)               Dem
3 Feb 1851 - 4 Nov 1851 John Isaac Guion       (b. 1802 - d. 1855) Dem
4 Nov 1851 - 24 Nov 1851 Joseph Ephriam Bell    (b. 1811 - d. 1885) Dem                              (acting de facto) 24 Nov 1851 - 10 Jan 1852 James Whitfield            (b. 1791 - d. 1875) Dem
10 Jan 1852 - 6 Jan 1854 Henry Stuart Foote                 (b. 1804 - d. 1880) U-D
6 Jan 1854 - 10 Jan 1854 John Jones Pettus (1st time)       (b. 1813 - d. 1867) Dem
10 Jan 1854 - 16 Nov 1857 John Jones McRae                   (b. 1815 - d. 1861) Dem
16 Nov 1857 - 21 Nov 1859 William McWillie                   (b. 1795 - d. 1869) Dem
21 Nov 1859 - 16 Nov 1863 John Jones Pettus (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Dem
16 Nov 1863 - 13 Jun 1865 Charles Clark                      (b. 1810 - d. 1877) Dem                              (federal prisoner from 22 May 1865) 13 Jun 1865 - 16 Oct 1865 William Lewis Sharkey (provisional)(b. 1798 - d. 1873) Whg 16 Oct 1865 - 15 Jun 1868 Benjamin Grubb Humphreys           (b. 1808 - d. 1882) Dem 15 Jun 1868 - 10 Mar 1870 Adelbert Ames (1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1933) Mil/Rep10 Mar 1870 - 30 Nov 1871 James Lusk Alcorn                  (b. 1816 - d. 1894) Rep
30 Nov 1871 - 4 Jan 1874 Ridgley Ceylon Powers              (b. 1836 - d. 1912) Rep
4 Jan 1874 - 20 Mar 1876 Adelbert Ames (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Rep
20 Mar 1876 - 9 Jan 1882 John Marshall Stone (1st time)     (b. 1830 - d. 1900) Dem
9 Jan 1882 - 13 Jan 1890 Robert Lowry                       (b. 1830 - d. 1910) Dem
13 Jan 1890 - 20 Jan 1896 John Marshall Stone (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Dem
20 Jan 1896 - 16 Jan 1900 Anselm Joseph McLaurin             (b. 1848 - d. 1909) Dem
16 Jan 1900 - 19 Jan 1904 Andrew Houston Longino             (b. 1854 - d. 1942) Dem
19 Jan 1904 - 21 Jan 1908 James Kimble Vardaman              (b. 1861 - d. 1930) Dem
21 Jan 1908 - 16 Jan 1912 Edmund Favor Noel                  (b. 1856 - d. 1927) Dem
16 Jan 1912 - 18 Jan 1916 Earl LeRoy Brewer                  (b. 1869 - d. 1942) Dem
18 Jan 1916 - 18 Jan 1920 Theodore Gilmore Bilbo (1st time) (b. 1877 - d. 1947) Dem
18 Jan 1920 - 18 Jan 1924 Lee Maurice Russell                (b. 1875 - d. 1943) Dem
18 Jan 1924 - 18 Mar 1927 Henry Lewis Whitfield              (b. 1868 - d. 1927) Dem
18 Mar 1927 - 16 Jan 1928 Dennis Herron Murphree (1st time) (b. 1886 - d. 1949) Dem
16 Jan 1928 - 19 Jan 1932 Theodore Gilmore Bilbo (2nd time) (s.a.)               Dem
19 Jan 1932 - 21 Jan 1936 Martin "Mike" Sennett Conner       (b. 1891 - d. 1950) Dem
21 Jan 1936 - 16 Jan 1940 Hugh Lawson White (1st time)       (b. 1881 - d. 1965) Dem
16 Jan 1940 - 26 Dec 1943 Paul Burney Johnson                (b. 1880 - d. 1943) Dem
26 Dec 1943 - 18 Jan 1944 Dennis Herron Murphree (2nd time) (s.a.)               Dem
18 Jan 1944 - 2 Nov 1946 Thomas Lowry Bailey                (b. 1888 - d. 1946) Dem
2 Nov 1946 - 22 Jan 1952 Fielding Lewis Wright              (b. 1895 - d. 1956) Dem
22 Jan 1952 - 17 Jan 1956 Hugh Lawson White (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Dem
17 Jan 1956 - 19 Jan 1960 James Plemon "J.P." Coleman        (b. 1914 - d. 1991) Dem
19 Jan 1960 - 21 Jan 1964 Ross Robert Barnett                (b. 1898 - d. 1987) Dem
21 Jan 1964 - 16 Jan 1968 Paul Burney Johnson, Jr.           (b. 1916 - d. 1985) Dem
16 Jan 1968 - 18 Jan 1972 John Bell Williams                 (b. 1918 - d. 1983) Dem
18 Jan 1972 - 20 Jan 1976 William "Bill" Lowe Waller, Sr.    (b. 1926 - d. 2011) Dem
20 Jan 1976 - 22 Jan 1980 Charles Clifton "Cliff" Finch      (b. 1927 - d. 1986) Dem
22 Jan 1980 - 10 Jan 1984 William Forrest Winter             (b. 1923 - d. 2020) Dem
10 Jan 1984 - 12 Jan 1988 William "Bill" Alexander Allain    (b. 1928 - d. 2013) Dem
12 Jan 1988 - 14 Jan 1992 Raymond "Ray" Edwin Mabus, Jr.     (b. 1948)            Dem
14 Jan 1992 - 11 Jan 2000 Daniel Kirkwood "Kirk" Fordice, Jr.(b. 1934 - d. 2004) Rep
11 Jan 2000 - 13 Jan 2004 David Ronald "Ronnie" Musgrove     (b. 1956)            Dem
13 Jan 2004 - 10 Jan 2012 Haley Reeves Barbour               (b. 1947)            Rep 10 Jan 2012 - 14 Jan 2020 Dewey Phillip "Phil" Bryant     (b. 1954)    Rep 14 Jan 2020 -              Jonathon Tate Reeves               (b. 1974)    Rep

U.S. Military governors during Reconstruction22 May 1865 - 25 Jun 1865 Peter Joseph Osterhaus (b. 1823 - d. 1917) Mil25 Jun 1865 - 14 Nov 1865 William Warner Slocum, Sr. (b. 1827 - d. 1894) Mil
14 Nov 1865 - 17 Jan 1867 Thomas John Wood (b. 1823 - d. 1906) Mil Jan 1867 - 4 Jun 1868 Alvan Cullen Gillem (b. 1830 - d. 1875) Mil 4 Jun 1868 - 15 Jun 1868 Irvin McDowell (b. 1818 - d. 1885) Mil 15 Jun 1868 - 10 Mar 1870 Adelbert Ames (s.a.) Mil

Missouri


Confederate Missouri 5 Jun 1861 - 1865


Adopted 23 Mar 1913

Map of Missouri	Hear State Song "Missouri Waltz"	Text of State Song Adopted 22 Jun 1949	State Constitution (30 Mar 1945)
Capital: Jefferson City (Fort de Chartres 1718-1765; Saint-Louis 1765-1770; San Luis 1770-1803; Saint Louis 1803-1821; Saint Charles 1821-1826 Confederate: Neosho 1861-1863; Marshall, TX 1863-1865)	Motto: Salus populi suprema lex esto (The welfare of the people shall be the supreme law)	Nickname: Show Me State	Population: 6,154,913 (2020)

Mayors of Kansas City	Chronology `8 Dec 1699 Part of French colony of Louisiana (La Louisiane) 3 Nov 1762 Ceded to Spain by France by Treaty of Fontainebleau` `5 Mar 1766 Spanish take possession of Louisiana at New Orleans 5 Mar 1766 Spain takes over administration (Provincia de Luisiana [see Louisiana]), area part of Upper Louisiana district (AltaLuisiana), part of New Spain.21 Oct 1803 Part of the territory of North America known as` `Louisiana, legally claimed by France and` `administered by Spain, is ceded by France to the` `United States by treatyof 30 Apr 1803.20 Dec 1803 Louisiana is transferred to the United States in` `accordance with an instrument of transfer.` `9 Mar 1804 Upper Louisiana is transferred from Spain to France` `in accordance with a deed of transfer signed by` `Lieutenant General of Upper Louisiana and` `commissioner of France in St. Louis.10 Mar 1804 The government of Upper Louisiana is assumed by a` `commandant on behalf of the United States in` `St. Louis.` `1 Oct 1804 Louisiana is divided into two territories - the` `Territory of Orleans and the District of` `Louisiana - in accordance with an act passed by` `the Congress of the United States of 24 Mar 1804.` `1 Oct 1804 District of Louisiana (under the administration of the governor of Indiana Territory).` `4 Jul 1805` `Territory of Louisiana.` `7 Dec 1812 Territory of Missouri` `4 Jul 1819 Southern portion of the Territory of Missouri i constituted as a separate territory under the name of the Arkansas territory. 19 Jul 1820 State` `of Missouri` `10 Aug 1821 Missouri is admitted to the United States.`15 Jun 1861 Jefferson City occupied by forces of the U.S., forcing the elected government to move to the southern part of the state. 30 Jul 1861 Pro-Union Constitutional Convention held in Jefferson City passed an ordinance declaring all of the state's elective offices to be vacant and elected Hamilton Rowan Gamble as governor on 31 Jul 1861. 28 Oct 1861 Secession (by part of the state) by decision of `theHouse of Representatives and the Senate in Neosho which passed an act providing for the secession of Missouri from the U.S.` `28 Nov 1861 - Apr 1865 Accession (by part of the state) to theConfederate Statesof America. But most of the State's territory is controlled by pro-Union government.`
Mayors of St. Louis

Lieutenant governors of Upper Louisiana (in St. Louis)20 May 1770 - 19 May 1775 Pedro José Piernas               (b. 1729 - d. 1790)19 May 1775 - 17 Jun 1778 Francisco Zavier Cruzat (1st time) (b. 1739 - d. 1790)17 Jun 1778 - 8 Jun 1780 Fernando de Leyba Vizcaigaña (b. 1734 - d. 1780) 8 Jun 1770 - 24 Sep 1780 Silvio Francisco de Cartabona    (acting) 24 Sep 1780 - 27 Nov 1787 Francisco Zavier Cruzat (2nd time) (s.a.)27 Nov 1787 - 21 Jul 1792 Manuel Pérez                       (b. 1735 - d. 1819)21 Jul 1792 - 29 Aug 1799 Zénon Trudeau                      (b. 1748 - d. 1813)29 Aug 1799 - 9 Mar 1804 Carlos de Hault de Lassus      (b. 1767 - d. 1843)Agent and Commissioner of the French Republic 9 Mar 1804 - 10 Mar 1804 Amos Stoddard                      (b. 1762 - d. 1813) Mil Commandant of District of Louisiana 10 Mar 1804 - 30 Sep 1804 Amos Stoddard                      (s.a.)               Mil Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Indiana Territory, and of the District of Louisiana 1 Oct 1804 - 3 Jul 1805 William Henry Harrison             (b. 1773 - d. 1841) Mil Governors of the Territory of Louisiana
4 Jul 1805 - 3 Mar 1807 James Wilkinson                    (b. 1757 - d. 1825) Mil/D-R
3 Mar 1807 - 7 Apr 1807 Joseph Browne (acting)             (b. 1758 - d. 1810)
7 Apr 1807 - 8 Mar 1808 Frederick Bates (1st time)(acting) (b. 1777 - d. 1825) D-R
8 Mar 1808 - 11 Oct 1809 Meriwether Lewis                   (b. 1774 - d. 1809) D-R
11 Oct 1809 - 17 Sep 1810 Frederick Bates (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) D-R
17 Sep 1810 - 6 Dec 1812 Benjamin A. Howard (b. 1760 - d. 1814) Mil/D-R
Governors of Missouri 7 Dec 1812 - 18 Apr 1813 Benjamin A. Howard                 (s.a.)               D-R 18 Apr 1813 - 6 Jul 1813 Frederick Bates (3rd time)         (s.a.)               D-R
                             (acting)
6 Jul 1813 - 19 Sep 1820 William Clark                      (b. 1770 - d. 1838) D-R
19 Sep 1820 - 17 Nov 1824 Alexander McNair                   (b. 1775 - d. 1826) D-R
17 Nov 1824 - 4 Aug 1825 Frederick Bates (4th time)         (s.a.)               D-R
4 Aug 1825 - 20 Jan 1826 Abraham Jude Williams (acting)     (b. 1781 - d. 1839) D-R
20 Jan 1826 - 21 Nov 1832 John Miller                        (b. 1781 - d. 1846) D-R
21 Nov 1832 - 30 Sep 1836 Daniel Dunklin                     (b. 1790 - d. 1844) Dem
30 Sep 1836 - 18 Nov 1840 Lilburn Williams Boggs             (b. 1796 - d. 1860) Dem                              (acting to 23 Nov 1836) 18 Nov 1840 - 9 Feb 1844 Thomas Reynolds                    (b. 1796 - d. 1844) Dem
9 Feb 1844 - 20 Nov 1844 Meredith Miles Marmaduke (b. 1791 - d. 1864) Dem
20 Nov 1844 - 27 Dec 1848 John Cummins Edwards               (b. 1804 - d. 1888) Dem
27 Dec 1848 - 3 Jan 1853 Austin Augustus King               (b. 1802 - d. 1870) Dem
3 Jan 1853 - 5 Jan 1857 Sterling Price                     (b. 1809 - d. 1867) Dem
5 Jan 1857 - 27 Feb 1857 Trusten W. Polk                    (b. 1811 - d. 1876) Dem
27 Feb 1857 - 22 Oct 1857 Hancock Lee Jackson      (b. 1796 - d. 1876) Dem
22 Oct 1857 - 3 Jan 1861 Robert Marcellus Stewart           (b. 1815 - d. 1871) Dem
3 Jan 1861 - 7 Dec 1862 Claiborne Fox Jackson              (b. 1806 - d. 1862) Dem
                            (continues in dissidence from 30 Jul 1861                              in Arkansas exile; Confederate governor    from28 Oct 1861)
31 Jul 1861 - 31 Jan 1864 Hamilton Rowan Gamble        (b. 1798 - d. 1864) Uni
7 Dec 1862 - 7 Mar 1865 Thomas Caute Reynolds              (b. 1821 - d. 1887) Dem
                             (Confederate governor, in Marshall, Texas exile)
31 Jan 1864 - 2 Jan 1865 Willard Preble Hall          (b. 1820 - d. 1882) Uni
2 Jan 1865 - 12 Jan 1869 Thomas Clement Fletcher            (b. 1827 - d. 1899) Rep
12 Jan 1869 - 9 Jan 1871 Joseph Washington McClurg          (b. 1818 - d. 1900) Rep
9 Jan 1871 - 8 Jan 1873 Benjamin Gratz Brown               (b. 1826 - d. 1885) Lib-R
8 Jan 1873 - 12 Jan 1875 Silas Woodson                      (b. 1819 - d. 1896) Dem
12 Jan 1875 - 8 Jan 1877 Charles Henry Hardin               (b. 1820 - d. 1892) Dem
8 Jan 1877 - 10 Jan 1881 John Sith Phelps                   (b. 1814 - d. 1886) Dem
10 Jan 1881 - 12 Jan 1885 Thomas Theodore Crittenden         (b. 1832 - d. 1909) Dem
12 Jan 1885 - 28 Dec 1887 John Sappington Marmaduke          (b. 1833 - d. 1887) Dem
28 Dec 1887 - 14 Jan 1889 Albert Pickett Morehouse (acting) (b. 1835 - d. 1891) Dem
14 Jan 1889 - 9 Jan 1893 David Rowland Francis              (b. 1850 - d. 1927) Dem
9 Jan 1893 - 11 Jan 1897 William Joel Stone                 (b. 1848 - d. 1918) Dem
11 Jan 1897 - 14 Jan 1901 Lawrence Vest "Lon" Stephens       (b. 1858 - d. 1923) Dem
14 Jan 1901 - 9 Jan 1905 Alexander Monroe Dockery           (b. 1845 - d. 1926) Dem
9 Jan 1905 - 11 Jan 1909 Joseph Wingate Folk                (b. 1869 - d. 1923) Dem
11 Jan 1909 - 13 Jan 1913 Herbert Spencer Hadley             (b. 1872 - d. 1927) Rep
13 Jan 1913 - 8 Jan 1917 Elliot Woolfork Major              (b. 1864 - d. 1949) Dem
8 Jan 1917 - 10 Jan 1921 Frederick Dozier Gardner           (b. 1869 - d. 1933) Dem
10 Jan 1921 - 12 Jan 1925 Arthur Mastick Hyde                (b. 1877 - d. 1947) Rep
12 Jan 1925 - 14 Jan 1929 Samuel "Sam" Aaron Baker           (b. 1874 - d. 1933) Rep
14 Jan 1929 - 9 Jan 1933 Henry Stewart Caulfield            (b. 1873 - d. 1966) Rep
9 Jan 1933 - 11 Jan 1937 Guy Brasfield Park                 (b. 1872 - d. 1946) Dem
11 Jan 1937 - 13 Jan 1941 Lloyd Crow Stark                   (b. 1886 - d. 1972) Dem
13 Jan 1941 - 8 Dec 1945 Forrest C. Donnell                 (b. 1884 - d. 1980) Rep
8 Dec 1945 - 10 Jan 1949 Phil M. Donnelly (1st time)        (b. 1891 - d. 1961) Dem
10 Jan 1949 - 12 Jan 1953 Forrest Smith                      (b. 1886 - d. 1962) Dem
12 Jan 1953 - 14 Jan 1957 Phil M. Donnelly (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Dem
14 Jan 1957 - 9 Jan 1961 James Thomas Blair, Jr.            (b. 1902 - d. 1962) Dem
9 Jan 1961 - 11 Jan 1965 John Montgomery Dalton             (b. 1900 - d. 1972) Dem
11 Jan 1965 - 8 Jan 1973 Warren Eastman Hearnes             (b. 1923 - d. 2009) Dem
8 Jan 1973 - 10 Jan 1977 Christopher S. "Kit" Bond          (b. 1939 - d. 2025) Rep
                             (1st time)
10 Jan 1977 - 12 Jan 1981 Joseph Patrick Teasdale            (b. 1936 - d. 2014) Dem
12 Jan 1981 - 14 Jan 1985 Christopher S. "Kit" Bond          (s.a.)               Rep
                             (2nd time)
14 Jan 1985 - 11 Jan 1993 John David Ashcroft                (b. 1942)            Rep
11 Jan 1993 - 16 Oct 2000 Mel Carnahan                       (b. 1934 - d. 2000) Dem
17 Oct 2000 - 8 Jan 2001 Roger B. Wilson (acting)           (b. 1948)            Dem
8 Jan 2001 - 10 Jan 2005 Bob Holden                         (b. 1949)            Dem
10 Jan 2005 - 12 Jan 2009 Matt Blunt                         (b. 1970)            Rep 12 Jan 2009 - 9 Jan 2017 Jeremiah "Jay" W. Nixon (b. 1956) Dem 9 Jan 2017 - 1 Jun 2018 Eric R. Greitens       (b. 1974) Rep 1 Jun 2018 -13 Jan 2025 Michael L. Parson    (b. 1955)    Rep 13 Jan 2025 -        Michael "Mike" L. Kehoe (b. 1962)            Rep

Montana


(1898 - 27 Feb 1905 Unofficial)
Adopted 27 Feb 1905 - 1 Jul 1981


c.1943 Variant


Adopted 1 Jul 1981

Map of Montana	Hear State Song "Montana" Adopted 20 Feb 1945	State Ballad "Montana Melody" Adopted 16 Feb 1983 -------------------------------- State Lullaby "Montana Lullaby" Adopted 25 Apr 2007	State Constitution (1 Jul 1973)
Capital: Helena (Bannack City May 1864 - 7 Feb 1865; Virginia City 7 Feb 1865-Jan 1875)	Motto: Oro y plata (Gold and silver)	Nicknames: Big Sky Country, Treasure State	Population: 1,084,225 (2020)

Mayors of Billings	Chronology `7 Dec 1812 Part of Missouri Territory.` `10 Aug 1821 Unorganized territory.` `30 May 1854 Part of Nebraska Territory.` `2 Mar 1861 Part of Dakota Territory.` `4 Mar 1863 Part of Idaho Territory.` `26 May 1864 Territory of Montana` `17 Feb 1873 Lost Dakota (modern southern Montana, between the Continental Divide and the 44°30’ N) transferred to Montana from the Dakota Territory. 8 Nov 1889 State of Montana 8 Nov 1889 Montana is admitted to the United States.`
Yellow Stone National Park Map

Governors
22 Jun 1864 - 12 Jul 1866 Sidney Edgerton                    (b. 1818 - d. 1900) Rep
Sep 1865 - 3 Oct 1866     Thomas Francis Meagher (acting)    (b. 1823 - d. 1867) Dem
3 Oct 1866 - 9 Apr 1869   Green Clay Smith                   (b. 1826 - d. 1895) Rep
Mar 1869 - 9 Apr 1869     James Tufts (acting for Smith)     (b. 1829 - d. 1884) Rep
9 Apr 1869 - 12 Jul 1870 James Mitchell Ashley              (b. 1824 - d. 1896) Rep
Dec 1869 - Aug 1870      Wiley Smith Scribner              (b. 1840 - d. 1889) Rep
                             (acting for Ashley)
13 Jul 1870 - 14 Jan 1883 Benjamin Franklin Potts            (b. 1836 - d. 1887) Rep
14 Jan 1883 - 15 Dec 1884 John Schuyler Crosby               (b. 1839 - d. 1914) Rep
16 Dec 1884 - 13 Jul 1885 Benjamin Platt Carpenter           (b. 1837 - d. 1921) Rep
14 Jul 1885 - 7 Feb 1887 Samuel Thomas Hauser               (b. 1833 - d. 1914) Dem
8 Feb 1887 - 8 Apr 1889 Preston Hopkins Leslie             (b. 1819 - d. 1907) Dem
9 Apr 1889 - 8 Nov 1889 Benjamin Franklin White            (b. 1833 - d. 1920) Rep
8 Nov 1889 - 1 Jan 1893 Joseph Kemps Toole (1st time)      (b. 1851 - d. 1929) Dem
2 Jan 1893 - 3 Jan 1897 John Ezra Rickards                 (b. 1848 - d. 1927) Rep
4 Jan 1897 - 7 Jan 1901 Robert Burns Smith                 (b. 1854 - d. 1908) Dem
7 Jan 1901 - 1 Apr 1908 Joseph Kemps Toole (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Dem
1 Apr 1908 - 5 Jan 1913 Edwin Lee Norris                   (b. 1865 - d. 1924) Dem
6 Jan 1913 - 2 Jan 1921 Samuel Vernon Stewart              (b. 1872 - d. 1939) Dem
3 Jan 1921 - 4 Jan 1925 Joseph Moore Dixon                 (b. 1867 - d. 1934) Rep
4 Jan 1925 - 13 Mar 1933 John Edward Erickson               (b. 1863 - d. 1946) Dem
13 Mar 1933 - 15 Dec 1935 Frank Henry Cooney                 (b. 1872 - d. 1935) Dem
16 Dec 1935 - 4 Jan 1937 William Elmer Holt                 (b. 1884 - d. 1945) Dem
4 Jan 1937 - 6 Jan 1941 Roy Elmer Ayres                    (b. 1882 - d. 1955) Dem
6 Jan 1941 - 3 Jan 1949 Samuel Clarence Ford               (b. 1882 - d. 1961) Rep
3 Jan 1949 - 4 Jan 1953 John Woodrow Bonner                (b. 1902 - d. 1970) Dem
4 Jan 1953 - 4 Jan 1961 John Hugo Aronson                  (b. 1891 - d. 1978) Rep
4 Jan 1961 - 25 Jan 1962 Donald G. Nutter                   (b. 1915 - d. 1962) Rep
26 Jan 1962 - 6 Jan 1969 Tim M. Babcock                     (b. 1919 - d. 2015) Rep 6 Jan 1969 - 1 Jan 1973 Forrest Howard Anderson            (b. 1913 - d. 1989) Dem
1 Jan 1973 - 5 Jan 1981 Thomas Lee Judge                   (b. 1934 - d. 2006) Dem
5 Jan 1981 - 2 Jan 1989 Theodore "Ted" Schwinden           (b. 1925 - d. 2023) Dem
2 Jan 1989 - 4 Jan 1993 Stanley "Stan" Stephens            (b. 1929 - d. 2021) Rep
4 Jan 1993 - 2 Jan 2001 Marc F. Racicot                    (b. 1948)            Rep 2 Jan 2001 - 3 Jan 2005 Judy Martz (f)                     (b. 1943 - d. 2017) Rep 3 Jan 2005 - 7 Jan 2013 Brian Schweitzer                   (b. 1955)            Dem 7 Jan 2013 - 4 Jan 2021 Steve Bullock (b. 1966) Dem 4 Jan 2021 -        Gregory "Greg" R. Gianforte    (b. 1961)    Rep