Iran
 

1524 - 1736 Safavid dynasty           1736 - 1747/86 Safavid dynasty              1736 - 1750 Afsharid dynasty                1750 - 1794 Zand dynasty                  1794 - 1797 Qajar dynasty                1797 - 1848 Qajar dynasty                         1848 - 1896                        1896 - 1907                        1907 - 1909                             1909 - 1925  State Flag                          1925 - 1964 State Flag                  1964 - 5 Feb 1979 State Flag                   5 Feb 1979 - 29 Jul 1980                     Adopted 29 Jul 1980  Map of Iran  Hear National Anthem "Soroud-e Melli-e Jomhouri-e  Eslami-e Iran" (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran) Adopted 1990  Hear Former Anthem "Payandeh Bada Iran"  (Lasting Iran) (24 Mar 1980-1990)  Constitution (3 Dec 1979) Ethnolinguistic Map of Iran Hear Former Anthem "Salamatih Shah" (To the Health of the Shah) (to 1933) Hear Former Anthem "Sorood-e Shahanshahi Iran" (Imperial Salute of Iran) (1933 - 5 Feb 1979) Former Constitution (9 Sep 1906-1955) Capital: Tehran (Shiraz 1750-1788; Mashhad 1736-1750; Isfahan 1598-1736; Qazvin 1548-1598; Tabriz 1295-1305,1469-1548) Currency: Iranian Rial (IRR)  National Holidays: 1 Apr (1979)  Republic  Day --------------------------------------- > 11 Feb (1979) Revolution Day Population: 76,923,300 (2010) GDP: $863.5 billion (2010) Exports: $78.6 billion (2010) Imports: $58.9 billion (2010) Ethnic groups: Persian 34.9%, Azeri 15.9%, Kurd 13%, Luri 7.2%, Gilaki 5.1%, Mazandarani 5.1%, Afghan 2.8%, Arab 2.5%, Baloch, Turkmen, and others 13.5% (2000) Total Active Armed Forces: 523,000 (2008) Merchant marine: 74 ships (2010) Religions: Muslim 98.2% (of which Shi'a 86.1%, Sunni 10.1%, other 2%), Baha'i 0.5%, Christian 0.4%, Zoroastrian 0.1%, Jewish and other 0.8% (2000) International Organizations/Treaties: ABEDA, BTWC, CICA, CP, CTBT (signatory), CWC, D-8, ECO, ENMOD (signatory), ESCR, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA (signatory), ISA (observer), ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, SAARC (observer), SCO (observer), UN, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) Iran Index Chronology 728 BC                     Kingdom of the Medes (Scythian rule 653-625). 550 BC - 330 BC            Persian (Achaemenid) Empire. 330 BC - 312 BC            Part of Macedonian (Greek) Empire. 312 BC - 247 BC            Part of Seleucid Empire 247 BC - 224 AD            Parthian Empire 224 AD - 651               Sassanid (Aryan) Empire 649 - 867                  Arab rule. 902 - 1118                 Fragmentation into several states (incl. Khurasan,                              Tabristan, Kerman [to 1308], Mazandaran [to                               1475], Sistan [to c.1500], Fars [934-1287],                              Azerbaijan [to 1230], Shiraz [1314-1393],                               Gilan [to 1060], Daylam [to 1062], and Jibal                               [to 1141]). 1118                       Part of Seljuk Sultanate. 1194 - 1221                Fragmentation into many states (s.a.), Khwarazam                              dominant power. 1221                       Mongol domination of local vassal states. 1295                       (Mongol) Il-Khan Empire. 1343 - 1380                Period of fragmentation. 1379                       Timurid Empire (under Tamerlane 1379-1405). 1449 - 1458                Another period of fragmentation.  1466 - Jul/Aug 1501        Renewed period of fragmentation. Jul/Aug 1501               Kingdom or Empire of Persia (literally "The                              [God-] Protected Realms of Iran"). Sep 1507 - Jan 1508        Portuguese occupy Hormuz.  1 Apr 1515 -  3 May 1622  Portuguese occupy Hormuz. 12 Oct 1722 - 13 Nov 1729  Afghan occupation and rule. 12 Sep 1723 - 1734         Gilan, Mazandaran and Astarabad annexed to Russia. 1725 - 1729                Luristan and Persian Azerbaijan (Tabriz) regions                              occupied by the Ottoman Empire.  9 May 1755 - Apr 1803     Shah Esmail Rokh of Afshar dynasty loses control                              of Persia, but retains control in Khorasan. 31 Aug 1907 -  8 Nov 1917  Russia and Britain partition Persia into spheres                              of influence. 10 Jan 1915 -  8 Aug 1919  Occupied by Britain and Russia (to Nov 1917). 1919 - 1921                De facto British protectorate.  5 Jun 1920 - 23 Oct 1921  Secession of Gilan region. 21 Mar 1935                English name "Persia" officially changed to Iran. 25 Aug 1941 -  2 Mar 1946  Occupied by Britain and Soviet Union (see                              under Iraq for British commanders). 12 Dec 1945 - 12 Dec 1946  Azerbaijan autonomous. 22 Jan 1946 - 15 Dec 1946  Kurdistan autonomous.  5 Feb 1979                Iran (monarchy formally abolished 11 Feb 1979).  1 Apr 1979                Islamic Republic of Iran Imperial Exile (1979-1980) Republic in Exile Azerbaijan (1920, 1945-1946) Gilan (1722-34, 1920-21) Khorasan (1755-1803, 1921) Kurdistan (Mahabad) (1945-1946) Hormuz (1507-1622) Khanates Arabistan Ardebil Khoy Linga Mak Mohammerah Qaraei Khans Sarab Tabriz Baluchistan Allied Occupations (1915-17, 1941-46)

Rahbars¹

 1 Jan 1980 -  3 Jun 1989  Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini        (b. 1902 - d. 1989) 

 4 Jun 1989 -              Ayatollah Sayyed Ali Khamenei      (b. 1939) 

 

Shahs (full style Shahanshah [King of Kings])

(note that rules by members of different dynasties overlap)

- Safawi dynasty -

Jul/Aug 1501 - 23 May 1524 Esmail I                           (b. 1487 - d. 1524)

23 May 1524 - 14 May 1576  Tahmasp I                          (b. 1514 - d. 1576)

1524 -  5 Jul 1527         Div Sultan Rumlu -Regent           (d. 1527)

1527 - 1530/31             Chuha Sultan Takkalu -Regent       (d. 1530/31)

1530/31 - 1533             Husayn Khan Shamlu -Regent         (d. 1533)
14 May 1576 - 23 May 1576  Haydar                             (d. 1576)  

23 May 1576 - 24 Nov 1577  Esmail II                          (b. 1537 - d. 1577)

11 Feb 1578 -  1 Oct 1588  Mohammad Khodabanda                (b. 1532 - d. 1565/96) 

 1 Oct 1588 - 19 Jan 1629  Abbas I                            (b. 1571 - d. 1629)

                             (in rebellion Apr 1581 - May 1581)

28 Jan 1629 - 12 May 1642  Safi I                             (d. 1642)

12 May 1642 - 25 Sep 1666  Abbas II                           (b. 1632 - d. 1666)

12 May 1642 - 11 Oct 1645  Saru Taqi -Regent                  (d. 1645)

1645 - 1653                Khalifa Sultan -Regent  

 1 Nov 1666 - 29 Jul 1694  Safi II                            (d. 1694)

                             (from 20 Mar 1668, Sulayman I Safi)

 6 Aug 1694 - 23 Oct 1722  Soltan Hoseyn I                    (b. c.1668 - d. 1726)

10 Nov 1722 -  2 Sep 1732  Tahmasp II                         (b. 1704 - d. 1740)

                             (in opposition to 8 Nov 1726, Jul 1728 - 9 Dec 1729)

 8 Nov 1726 - Jul 1728     Sayyed Ahmad                       (d. 1728)

                             (in opposition, in Kerman)

 2 Sep 1732 -  8 Mar 1736  Abbas III                          (b. 1732 - d. 1740)

 2 Sep 1732 -  8 Mar 1736  Nader Khan Afshar -Regent          (b. 1688 - d. 1747)

1747 - 1757                Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar         (b. 1722 - d. 1757) 

                             (in opposition, in Astarabad)

17 Dec 1749 -  9 Jan 1750  Soleyman II (in Mashhad)           (b. 1714 - d. 1763)

1749 - 1756                Azad Khan Afghan 

                             (in opposition, in Tabriz)

Jun 1750 - 1773            Esmail III                         (b. 1733 - d. 1773)

                             (in opposition from Jun 1750, in Isfahan)

1753 - Jun 1753            Soltan Hoseyn II (in opposition)

1780 - 1786                Abu al-Fath Mohammad               (d. 1794) 

                             (in opposition)

- Ghalzay dynasty -

23 Oct 1722 - 25 Apr 1725  Mahmud                             (b. c.1699 - d. 1725)

26 Apr 1725 - 13 Nov 1729  Ashraf                             (b. c.1700 - d. 1730)

- Afshar dynasty -

 8 Mar 1736 - 20 Jun 1747  Nader (Nader Khan Afshar)          (s.a.)

 6 Jul 1747 - 29 Sep 1748  Adel                               (b. 1719 - d. 1749)

29 Sep 1748 - May 1749     Ebrahim                            (b. c.1724 - d. 1749)

                             (to 8 Dec 1748 regent, as Mohammad Ebrahim Khan)

May 1749 - 30 Dec 1749     Esmail Rokh (1st time)             (b. 1734 - d. 1796)

                             (in opposition from 1 Oct 1748)

13 Jan 1750 - Jun 1750     Esmail Rokh (2nd time)             (s.a.)

                             (in opposition 9 May 1755 - 14 May 1796, in Khorasan)

Wakil ar-Ra`aya (Protector of the People)²

- Zand dynasty -

1773 -  1 Mar 1779         Mohammad Karim Khan Zand           (b. c.1707 - d. 1779)

                             (in Shiraz)

 6 Mar 1779 - 1779         Abu al-Fath Khan Zand (1st time)   (b. 1755 - d. 1787)

                           - jointly with -

 6 Mar 1779 - 19 Jun 1779  Mohammad Ali Khan Zand             (b. 1760 - d. ....)

19 Jun 1779 - 22 Aug 1779  Abu al-Fath Khan Zand (2nd time)   (s.a.)

22 Aug 1779 - 14 Mar 1781  Mohammad Sadeq Khan Zand           (d. 1782)

15 Mar 1781 - 11 Feb 1785  Ali Morad Khan Zand                (d. 1785)

12 Feb 1785 - 17 Feb 1785  Baqer Khan Khorasakani

18 Feb 1785 - 23 Jan 1789  Jaafar Khan Zand                   (d. 1789)

23 Jan 1789 - 10 May 1789  Seyd Morad Khan Zand

10 May 1789 - Mar 1794     Lotf Ali Khan Zand                 (b. c.1766 - d. 1794) 

Shahs 

Mar 1794 - 30 Oct 1794     Lotf Ali Khan Zand                 (s.a.)

- Qajar dynasty -

12 Mar 1786 - 17 Jun 1797  Mohammad Qajar                     (b. 1742 - d. 1797)

                             (regent as Aga Mohammad Khan Qajar to 14 May 1796)

17 Jun 1797 - 24 Oct 1834  Fath Ali Qajar                     (b. 1772 - d. 1834)

                             (regent as Baba Khan Qajar to 29 Jul 1797)

 9 Nov 1834 -  5 Sep 1848  Mohammad Qajar                     (b. 1808 - d. 1848)

14 Nov 1834 - 16 Dec 1834  Ali Qajar (in rebellion, in Tehran)(b. 1789 - d. 1854)

 5 Dec 1834 - 29 Mar 1835  Hossein Ali Qajar                  (b. 1789 - d. 1835)

                             (in rebellion, in Shiraz)

13 Sep 1848 -  1 May 1896  Naser ad-Din Qajar                 (b. 1831 - d. 1896)

 2 May 1896 -  8 Jan 1907  Mozaffar ad-Din Qajar              (b. 1853 - d. 1907)

 8 Jan 1907 - 16 Jul 1909  Mohammad Ali Qajar (1st time)      (b. 1872 - d. 1925)

16 Jul 1909 - 31 Oct 1925  Soltan Ahmad Qajar                 (b. 1898 - d. 1930)

                             (left the country 2 Dec 1923, in exile 27 Feb 1930)

18 Jul 1909 - 22 Sep 1910  Ali Reza Khan-e Qajar              (b. 1847 - d. 1910)

                             Quyunlu, Naib as-Sultana, 

                             Azad ul-Mulk -Regent

23 Sep 1910 - 21 Jul 1914  Abul Qasim Khan Qarazuglu,

                             Nasir al-Mulk -Regent

17 Jun 1911 - Sep 1911     Mohammad Ali Qajar (2nd time)      (s.a.) 

                             (in rebellion)

24 Mar 1924 - 31 Oct 1925  Prince Mohammad Hassan             (b. 1899 - d. 1943)

                             Mirza -Regent

- Pahlavi dynasty -

31 Oct 1925 - 16 Sep 1941  Reza Pahlavi                       (b. 1878 - d. 1944)

                             (Provisional Head of State to 15 Dec 1925;

                              exiled to Mauritius 16 Sep 1941)

16 Sep 1941 - 11 Feb 1979  Mohammad Reza Pahlavi              (b. 1919 - d. 1980)

                             (in exile 16-22 Aug 1953 [Baghdad; from 18 Aug 1953, Rome]

                             and from 16 Jan 1979 [Egypt; from 22 Jan 1979, Morocco])

16 Jan 1979 - 22 Jan 1979  Sayyed Jalaleddin Tehrani          (b. 1893 - d. 1987) 

                             (chairman Regency Council)

Leader of the Revolution

 5 Feb 1979 -  4 Feb 1980  Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini        (s.a.)               Non-party

Presidents

 4 Feb 1980 - 22 Jun 1981  Abolhassan Bani-Sadr               (b. 1933)            Non-party

22 Jun 1981 -  2 Aug 1981  Provisional Presidential Council

                           - Ayatollah Mohammad Hossein       (b. 1928 - d. 1981)  IRP

                               Beheshti (to 28 Jun 1981) 

                           - Ayatollah Abdolkarim Moussavi-   (b. 1932)            IRP

                               Ardabili (1st time)

                               (from 29 Jun 1981)

                           - Hojatolislam Ali Akbar Hashemi   (b. 1934)            IRP

                               Rafsanjani (1st time) 

                           - Mohammad Ali Raja´i              (b. 1933 - d. 1981)  IRP

 2 Aug 1981 - 30 Aug 1981  Mohammad Ali Raja´i                (s.a.)               IRP

30 Aug 1981 - 13 Oct 1981  Provisional Presidential Council

                           - Ayatollah Mohammad Reza          (b. 1931)

                               Mahdavi-Kani 

                               (from 2 Sep 1981)

                           - Ayatollah Abdolkarim Moussavi-   (s.a.)               IRP

                               Ardabili (2nd time)

                           - Hojatolislam Ali Akbar Hashemi   (s.a.)               IRP

                               Rafsanjani (2nd time) 

13 Oct 1981 - 17 Aug 1989  Hojatolislam Sayyed Mohammed Ali   (s.a.)               IRP

                             Khamenei (from 4 Jun 1989, 
                             Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammed Ali Khamenei) 

17 Aug 1989 -  3 Aug 1997  Hojatolislam Ali Akbar Hashemi     (s.a.)               Non-party

                             Rafsanjani 

 3 Aug 1997 -  3 Aug 2005  Hojatolislam Mohammad Khatami      (b. 1943)            Non-party

 3 Aug 2005 -              Mahmoud Ahmadinejad                (b. 1956)          AII/Non-party

 

 

Grand Viziers (chief ministers)

1576 - 1577                Mirza Makhdum Khan
1577 - 1583                Mirza Salman Jabiri                (d. 1583)
1583? - 1590               Mirza Muhammad Kirmani             (d. 1590)
1591 - 1610/11             Hatim Bek Ordubadi                 (d. 1610/11)
1610/11 - 1621             Mirza Abu Talib Khan Ordubadi  

                             (Urdubadi)
1621 - 1624                Salman Khan Ustajlu
1624 - 1632                Khalifa Soltan al Ulama
1632 - 1633                Mirza Abu Talib Khan Ordubadi 

                             (Urdubadi)
Aug 1633 - 1645            Mirza Muhammad Taqi Saru Taqi      (d. 1645)
14 Oct 1645 - 1654         Khalifa Soltan al Ulama            (d. 1654)
1654 - 1661                Muhammad Bek
11 Mar 1661 - 1669         Muhammad Mahdi Karaki
1669 - 1689                Shaykh Ali Khan Zangana            (d. 1689)  
1672 - 1673                Vacant
1689 - 1691                Muhammad Yusuf Qazvini
1691 - 1699                Mirza Muhammad Tahir Qazvini Wahid (d. 1699)
1699 - 1707                Muhammad Mu'min Khan Shamlu 

1707 - 1715                Shah Quli Khan Zanganeh 

1715 - Dec 1721            Fath Ali Khan Daghestani 

Jan 1721 - 1722            Muhammad Quli Khan Bigdili Shamlu 

                             (for Soltan Hoseyn I)
23 Oct 1722 - 25 Apr 1725  Amanollah Khan (for Mahmud Ghalzay)
10 Nov 1722 - 11 Oct 1726  Fath Ali Khan Qajar                (b. 1668 - d. 1726)
                             (for Tahmasp II)
12 Oct 1726 - 13 Nov 1729  Mohammad Ali Khan Qouler Aqassi
                             (for Tahmasp II)
1729 -  8 Mar 1736         Nader Khan Afshar                  (s.a.)
                             (later Nader Shah)(for Thmasp II)
1736 - 1747                Mirza Ali Akbar Shirazi                            
                             (for Nader Shah)
Viceroys (style Nayeb-os-Saltaneh)
1747 - 1748                Mir Sayyed Mohammad Marashi        (s.a.)
                             (later Sulaiman II)(for Adel Shah)
31 Dec 1749 -  9 Jan 1750  Amir Alam Khan Khozaima (1st time)
                             (for Sulaiman II)
10 Jan 1750 - Mar 1750     Yusef Ali Khan Jalayir             (d. 1750)
                             (for Esmail Rokh)
Mar 1750 -  2 Dec 1754     Amir Alam Khan Khozaima (2nd time) (d. 1754)
                             (for Esmail Rokh)

Grand Viziers

1750 - 1751                Ali Mardan Khan Bakhtiari-Chahar

                             Lang (for Esmail III)

1751 - 1773                Mohammad Karim Khan Zand           (s.a.)

                             (for Esmail III)

1779 - 13 Jun 1779         Mohammad Zaki Khan Zand            (d. 1779)

                             (for Abu al-Fath Khan Zand and Mohammad Ali Khan Zand)

Jun 1779 - Aug 1779        Mohammad Sadeq Khan Zand           (s.a.)

1779 - 14 Apr 1801         Haji Ibrahim Khan Zand Kalantar    (d. 1901) 

                             Shirazi

1801 - 1819                Mirza Muhammad Shafi Mazanderani

1819 - 1823                Haji Muhammad Husain Khan Amin

                             al-Daula

1823 - 1825                Adallah Khan Amin al-Daula

                             (1st time)

1825 - 1828                Allah Yar Khan Qajar Devehlu Asaf

                             al-Daula

1828 - 1834                Adallah Khan Amin al-Daula

                             (2nd time)

1834 - 1835                Mirza Abul Qasim Qa'im Maqam II

1835 - 1848                Haji Mirza Aqasi Erewani

1848 - Nov 1851            Mirza Taqi Khan Amir Kabir         (b. 1807 - d. 1852)

Nov 1851 - 1858            Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri

1858 - 1871                Post abolished

Premiers

12 Dec 1871 - Sep 1873     Mirza Husayn Khan Moshir al-Daula

Sep 1873 - 1880            Mirza Yusuf Khan Astiani (1st time)

 1 Jul 1880 - 1885         Kamran Mirza

1885 - 1887                Mirza Yusuf Khan Astiani (2nd time)

1887 - Nov 1896            Amir Mirza Ali Asghar Khan,        (b. 1856 - d. 1907)

                             Amin os-Sultan (1st time)

Nov 1896 - Feb 1897        Vacant

Feb 1897 - Jun 1898        Ali Khan Amin ud-Daula

Jun 1898 - 24 Jan 1904     Amir Mirza Ali Asghar Khan,        (s.a.)

                             Amin os-Sultan (2nd time) 

24 Jan 1904 -  5 Aug 1906  Shahzada Sultan Abdul Majid Mirza, (b. 1845 - d. 1926)

                             Ain ud-Daula 
1906 - 18 Feb 1907         Mirza Nasrullah Khan, Mushir       (d. 1907)
                             ud-Daula
Feb 1907 - Apr 1907        Soltan Ali Khan Vazir Afkham

Prime ministers

 1 May 1907 - 31 Aug 1907  Amir Mirza Ali Asghar Khan,        (s.a.)

                             Amin os-Sultan

 9 Sep 1907 - 13 Sep 1907  Mirza Nasrullah Khan, Mushir       (s.a.)

                             ud-Daula 

25 Oct 1907 - 21 Dec 1907  Abul Qasim Khan Qarazuglu, 

                             Nasir ul-Mulk (1st time)

21 Dec 1907 - May 1908     Husain Quli Khan Mafi, Nizam       (b. 1869 - d. 1947) 

                             as-Sultana (1st time) 

May 1908 -  7 Jun 1908     Murtaza Quli Khan, Sani ud-Daula   (b. 18.. - d. 1911)

 7 Jun 1908 - 29 Apr 1909  Amir Mustafa Quli Khan-e Qajar     (b. 1872 - d. 1935)

                             Quyunlu, Mushir as-Sultana 

29 Apr 1909 - May 1909     Prince Kamran Mirza, Amir-i-Kabir  (b. 1856 - d. 1910)

May 1909 - 16 Jul 1909     Saad ad-Daula (1st time)

16 Jul 1909 -  6 Oct 1909  Abul Qasim Khan Qarazuglu, 

                             Nasir ul-Mulk (2nd time)

 6 Oct 1909 - Jul 1910     Mohammed Wali Khan Tuknakabuni,    (b. 1884/85-d. 1926) NM

                             Sipahdar ul-Azam (1st time) 

Jul 1910 - 19 Jul 1911     Mirza Hassan Khan (1st time)       (b. 1874 - d. 1932)

19 Jul 1911 - 26 Jul 1911  Mohammed Wali Khan Tuknakabuni,    (s.a.)               NM

                             Sipahdar ul-Azam (2nd time)      (s.a.)

26 Jul 1911 - 23 Nov 1912  Najaf Quli Khan, Samsam as-Sultana (b. 1850 - d. 1930)  NM

                             (1st time) 

23 Nov 1912 - 11 Jan 1913  Saad ad-Daula (2nd time)

11 Jan 1913 -  1 Jul 1914  Mirza Mohammed Ali Khan, Ala       (b. 1872 - d. 1918)

                             as-Sultana 

 1 Jul 1914 - Feb 1915     Mirza Hassan Khan (2nd time)       (s.a.)  

Feb 1915 - Apr 1915        Prince Abdol Hossein Mirza         (b. 1858 - d. 1939)

                             (1st time) 

Apr 1915 - Jul 1915        Mirza Hassan Khan (3rd time)       (s.a.)

Jul 1915 - 18 Aug 1915     Prince Sultan Abdol Majid Mirza    (b. 1845 - d. 1926)

                             (1st time) 

18 Aug 1915 - 25 Dec 1915  Mirza Hassan Khan (4th time)       (s.a.)

25 Dec 1915 - Mar 1916     Prince Abdol Hossein Mirza         (s.a.)

                             (2nd time) 

Mar 1916 - Jul 1917        Mohammed Wali Khan Tuknakabuni,    (s.a.)               NM 

                             Sipahdar ul-Azam (3rd time)      (s.a.)

Jul 1916 - Nov 1918        Husain Quli Khan Mafi, Nizam       (s.a.)               HDI 

                             as-Sultana (2nd time)

                            (in opposition, head of provisional 

                             government; at Kermanshah, later Qom;

                             recognized by the Central Powers) 

Dec 1917 - May 1918        Prince Sultan Abdol Majid Mirza    (s.a.)

                             (2nd time) 

May 1918 - Aug 1918        Najaf Quli Khan, Samsam as-Sultana (s.a.)               NM

                             (2nd time)

Aug 1918 - 21 Feb 1921     Mirza Hassan Khan (6th time)       (s.a.)

21 Feb 1921 -  4 Jun 1921  Seyed Ziyaddin Tabatabai           (b. 1888 - d. 1969)  HV

 4 Jun 1921 - 12 Oct 1921  Ahmad Qawam as-Saltana (1st time)  (b. 1876 - d. 1955)  HDI

12 Oct 1921 - 20 Jan 1922  Shaw as-Saltana

20 Jan 1922 - 11 Jun 1922  Mirza Hassan Khan Pirnia           (b. 1872 - d. 1935)

                             (1st time) 

11 Jun 1922 - 30 Jan 1923  Ahmad Qawam as-Saltana (2nd time)  (s.a.)               HDI

30 Jan 1923 - 15 Jun 1923  Mirza Hassan Khan (7th time)       (s.a.)

15 Jun 1923 - 28 Oct 1923  Mirza Hassan Khan Pirnia           (s.a.)

                             (2nd time) 

28 Oct 1923 -  1 Nov 1925  Mohammad Reza Khan (Reza Pahlavi)  (s.a.)               Mil

 1 Nov 1925 - 13 Jun 1926  Mohammad Ali Khan Forughi          (b. 1877 - d. 1942)  HTj

                             (1st time)

13 Jun 1926 -  2 Jun 1927  Mirza Hassan Khan (8th time)       (s.a.)

 2 Jun 1927 - 18 Sep 1933  Mahdi Quli Khan Hidayat            (b. 1864 - d. 1955)

18 Sep 1933 -  3 Dec 1935  Mohammad Ali Khan Forughi          (s.a.)               HTj

                             (2nd time)

 3 Dec 1935 - 26 Oct 1939  Mahmud Jam                         (b. 1885 - d. 1969)

26 Oct 1939 - 26 Jun 1940  Ahmad Matin-Daftari                (b. 1896 - d. 1971)

26 Jun 1940 - 27 Aug 1941  Ali Mansur (1st time)              (b. 1895 - d. 1974)

27 Aug 1941 -  9 Mar 1942  Mohammad Ali Khan Forughi          (s.a.)               HTj

                             (3rd time) 

 9 Mar 1942 -  9 Aug 1942  Ali Zohayli (1st time)             (b. 1896 - d. 1958)

 9 Aug 1942 - 15 Feb 1943  Ahmad Qawam as-Saltana (3rd time)  (s.a.)               HDI

15 Feb 1943 -  6 Apr 1944  Ali Zohayli (2nd time)             (s.a.)

 6 Apr 1944 - 25 Nov 1944  Mohammad Said Maraghei (1st time)  (b. 1881 - d. 1973)

25 Nov 1944 - 13 May 1945  Said Mustafa Morteza-Qoli

13 May 1945 -  6 Jun 1945  Ebrahim Hakimi (1st time)          (b. 1869 - d. 1959)  HT

 6 Jun 1945 - 30 Oct 1945  Mohsen Sadr (acting)               (b. 1883 - d. 1962)

30 Oct 1945 - 28 Jan 1946  Ebrahim Hakimi (2nd time)          (s.a.)               HT

28 Jan 1946 - 18 Dec 1947  Ahmad Qawam as-Saltana (4th time)  (s.a.)               HDI

18 Dec 1947 - 29 Dec 1947  Sardar Fakher Hekmat               (b. 1890 - d. 1977)  HDI

29 Dec 1947 - 13 Jun 1948  Ebrahim Hakimi (3rd time)          (s.a.)               HT

13 Jun 1948 -  9 Nov 1948  Abdol Hossein Hajir                (b. 1897 - d. 1949)

 9 Nov 1948 - 23 Mar 1950  Mohammad Said Maraghei (2nd time)  (s.a.)

23 Mar 1950 - 26 Jun 1950  Ali Mansur (2nd time)              (s.a.)

26 Jun 1950 -  7 Mar 1951  Ali Razmara                        (b. 1901 - d. 1951)  Mil

12 Mar 1951 - 30 Apr 1951  Hossein Ala (1st time)             (b. 1882 - d. 1964)  Mil

30 Apr 1951 - 17 Jul 1952  Mohammad Mossadegh (1st time)      (b. 1882 - d. 1967)  NF
17 Jul 1952 - 22 Jul 1952  Ahmad Qawam as-Saltana (5th time)  (s.a.)               HDI
22 Jul 1952 - 19 Aug 1953  Mohammad Mossadegh (2nd time)      (s.a.)               NF

19 Aug 1953 -  7 Apr 1955  Fazlollah Zahedi                   (b. 1897 - d. 1963)  Mil

 7 Apr 1955 -  3 Apr 1957  Hossein Ala (2nd time)             (s.a.)               Mil

 3 Apr 1957 - 31 Aug 1960  Manuchehr Ekbal                    (b. 1909 - d. 1977)  Mel

31 Aug 1960 -  5 May 1961  Jaafar Sharif-Emami (1st time)     (b. 1910 - d. 1998)  Mel

 5 May 1961 - 19 Jul 1962  Ali Amini                          (b. 1905 - d. 1992)  HDI

19 Jul 1962 -  7 Mar 1964  Asadullah Alam                     (b. 1919 - d. 1978)  Mar

 7 Mar 1964 - 26 Jan 1965  Hassan Ali Mansur                  (b. 1923 - d. 1965)  IN

21 Jan 1965 -  7 Aug 1977  Amir Abbas Hoveida                 (b. 1919 - d. 1979)  IN

                             (acting to 27 Jan 1965 [for Mansur to 26 Jan 1965])

 7 Aug 1977 - 27 Aug 1978  Jamshid Amouzegar                  (b. 1923)            Ras

27 Aug 1978 -  6 Nov 1978  Jaafar Sharif-Emami (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Ras

 6 Nov 1978 -  4 Jan 1979  Gholam Reza Azhari                 (b. 1917 - d. 2001)  Mil

 4 Jan 1979 -  5 Feb 1979³ Shahpur Bakhtiar                   (b. 1914 - d. 1991)  NF

 5 Feb 1979 -  6 Nov 1979  Mehdi Bazargan                     (b. 1907 - d. 1995)  NAI 

 6 Nov 1979 - 12 Aug 1980  Islamic Revolutionary Council 

12 Aug 1980 -  4 Aug 1981  Mohammad Ali Raja´i                (s.a.)               IRP

 4 Aug 1981 - 30 Aug 1981  Hojatolislam Mohammad Javad        (b. 1933 - d. 1981)  IRP

                             Bahonar 

 2 Sep 1981 - 31 Oct 1981  Ayatollah Mohammad Reza            (s.a.)               IRP

                             Mahdavi-Kani 

31 Oct 1981 -  3 Aug 1989  Mir Hossein Moussavi               (b. 1941)            IRP

 3 Aug 1989                Post Abolished

 

1981                       Democratic Islamic Republic of Iran in Exile formed
                             in Paris, in opposition to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Presidents-Elect of the National Council of Resistance of Iran
1981 - 10 Aug 1993         Abolhassan Bani-Sadr               (s.a.)               Non-party 
10 Aug 1993 -              Maryam Rajavi (f)                  (b. 1953)            MEK
                             (17 Jun - 3 Jul 2003, imprisoned in France)

Shahs 
16 Jan 1979 - 27 Jul 1980  Mohammad Reza Pahlavi              (s.a.)
                            (16 Jan 1979, left Iran but did not abdicate;
                             [Egypt; from 22 Jan 1979, Morocco; then Panama
                             the U.S. and finally Egypt]
27 Jul 1980 - 31 Oct 1980  Shahbanou Farah 
                             Pahlavi -Dowager Empress-Regent  (b. 1938)
31 Oct 1980 -              Reza II Cyrus Pahlavi              (b. 1960)
                             ([s.a.] in Egypt, then U.S. exile)
 

Allied Occupations
 

Commander of British occupation forces
1915 - 1920                Lionel Charles Dunsterville        (b. 1865 - d. 1946)
25 Aug 1941 -  2 Mar 1946  see British Commanders in Iraq
 
Commanders of Russian occupation forces
10 Jan 1915 -  8 Nov 1917  ....
c.1917                     Lazar Fyodorovich Bicherakhov      (b. 1882 - d. 1952)
Commanders of Soviet occupation forces
(subordinated to commanders of Transcaucasian military district in Tiblisi)
25 Aug 1941 - 16 Dec 1941  Aleksandr Alexandrovich Khadeyev   (b. 1894 - d. 1957)
                           + Vasiliy Vasilyevich Novikov      (b. 1898 - d. 1965)
                             (1st time)(to 19 Oct 1941)
30 Jul 1941 - 19 Oct 1941  Konstantin Fyodorovich Baronov     (b. 1890 - d. 1943)
19 Oct 1941 - 18 Dec 1941  Andrey Alexandrovich Kharitonov    (b. 1895 - d. 1967)
                             (acting)
18 Dec 1941 - 15 Apr 1942  Vasiliy Vasilyevich Novikov        (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
15 Apr 1942 - May? 1945    Fyodor Nikitich Remezov            (b. 1896 - d. 1990)
1945 -  2 Mar 1946         ....

Central Powers Occupation

Ottoman Commanders in Persia
Mar 1915 - Oct 1915        Hüseyin Rauf Orbay                 (b. 1881 - d. 1964)
Apr 1916 - Oct 1918        Khalil Pasha                       (b. 1882 - d. 1957)
1917 - 18 Oct 1918         Mustafa Nuri Pasha                 (b. 1889 - d. 1949)

 ¹Often called spiritual leaders, but the term rahbar that appears in the constitution simply means "leader." Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (s.a.) retained the paramount leadership from 1979 to his death in 1989 as "Guide of the Revolution", with supreme religious and political power.

 ²The rulers of this dynasty refused (with one exception as noted) the style Shahanshah. The founding ruler adopted the style Wakil ar-Ra`aya (roughly, "Protector of the People"); it appears that his successors used the same style, although documentation is obscure.

 ³Bakhtiar initially did not recognize Khomeini's appointment of Bazargan as prime minister
and resigned only on 11 Feb 1979.

Territorial Disputes: United Arab Emirates disputes Iran's, 30 Nov 1971, occupation of Greater Tunb Island (called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg by Iran) and Lesser Tunb Island (called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek by Iran); Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed tributaries to the Helmand River in periods of drought; Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Iran stands alone among littoral states in insisting upon a division of the Caspian Sea into five equal sectors. 
 

Party abbreviations: AII = Abadgaran-e Iran-e Islami (Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, conservative Islamist, est.2003); JRM = Jameh-ye Ruhaniyat Mobarez (Combatant Clergy Association, extreme islamist); MEK = Sazeman-e-Mojaheddin-e-Khalq-e-Iran (People's Mujaheddin Organisation of Iran, banned); NAI = Nehzat-e Azadi-yi Iran (Iran Liberation Movement, 1961-79 anti-Shah opposition, Islamist, only official party from 1987); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: HDI = Hezb-e-Demokrat-e-Iran (Democratic Party of Iran); HT = Hezb-e-Taraqqi (Party for Progress); HTj = Hezb-e-Tajaddod (Revival Party); HV = Hezb-e-Vatan (Homeland Party); IN = Iran Novin (New Iran Party, created by courtiers, Sep 1963-1975); IRP = Hezb-e-Jomhouriy-e-Eslami(Islamic Republican Party, Khomieni personalist, authoritarian, extreme Islamist, 1978-Jun 1987); Mel = Melliyoun (Nationalist Party, government majority party 1957-1975); Mar = Mardum (People's Party, government loyal oppositon party 1957-1975); NF = National Front (refomist, in opposition to Shara, banned 1953-1961, from 1979); NM = Nehzat-e-Mashrooteh (Constitutional Movement); Ras = Hizb-e-Rastakhiz ('Resurgence', 1975-1979, union of Mellioum, Mardom, and Iran Novin; est. by order of the Shah)

          5 Jun 1920 - 23 Oct  1921

1567                       Annexed to Persia.
Dec 1722                   Occupied by Russia.
12 Sep 1723 - 1734         Gilan, Mazandaran and Astarabad annexed to Russia.
18 May 1920 -  5 Sep 1920  Occupied by Soviet Russia.
28 May 1920                Autonomy declared.
 5 Jun 1920                Secession as Soviet Republic of Gilan (officially 
                             Persian Soviet Socialist Republic).
23 Oct 1921                Re-incorporated into Persia.

Russian Governors of Gilan (and from Sep 1723, Mazandaran and Astarabad) 
Dec 1722 - 1723            Mikhail Athanasevich Matyushkin    (b. 1676 - d. 1737)
23 Sep 1723 - 1732         V.I. Levashev
Rulers
20 May 1920 -  5 Jun 1920  Mohammed Amin Resulzadeh           (b. 1884 - d. 1955)
 5 Jun 1920 - 30 Jun 1920  Mirza Koochak Khan                 (b. 1880 - d. 1921)  NJ
President
Jul 1920 - 23 Oct 1921     Ihsan Allah Khan Doustdar          (b. 1883 - d. 1938)  HE

Commissar of Soviet Russia
1920 - 1921                Batyrbek Abukov

Party abbreviations: HE = Hezb-e-Edalat (Justice Party, communist); NJ = Nehzat-e-Jangal (Jungle ["Foresters"] Movement, liberal)

           2 Apr 1921 - 6 Oct 1921
 

Map of Khorasan

Capital: Mashhad

Population: N/A

1506                       Part of Persia. 
1724                       Khorasan governor Mahmud Sistani proclaims himself Shah
                             of Khorasan with the dynasty name Kiyanid.
1726                       Mahmud Sistanti is deposed by Shah Tahmasp II.
 9 May 1755                Shah Esmail Rokh of Afshar dynasty loses control of
                             Persia but retains control over Khorasan province.
Apr 1803                   Re-incorporated into Persia.
1846 - 1851                Rebellion under Qajar prince Hasan Khan Salar.
 2 Apr 1921                Independent State of Khorasan (not recognized). 
 6 Oct 1921                Dissolved. 

Shahs
1724 - 1726                Mahmoud Kiyani (Mahmoud Sistani)   (d. 1726)
 9 May 1755 - 14 May 1796  Esmail Rokh (3rd time)             (b. 1734 - d. 1796)
15 May 1796 - Apr 1803     Nadir Mirza                        (d. 1803)
Governor-general
1845 - 1851                Hasan Khan Salar (in rebellion)
Governor (President of the National Committee of Khorasan)
 2 Apr 1921 -  6 Oct 1921  Mohammad Taghi Khan Pessyan        (b. 1888 - d. 1921)  Mil/KMK
 

Grand Vizier
1724 - 1726                Mahdi Khan
Viceroys (style Nayeb-os-Saltaneh)
1749                       Noor Mohammad Khan Afghan
1749                       Amir Khan Qaraei
1750                       Fereydoun Khan Gorji                (d. 1755)
1750                       Yousef Khan Jalayir
1750 - 1755                Amir Alam Khan Khozaima 
1755                       Amir Khan Qaraei
1755                       Fereydoun Khan Gorji                (d. 1755)
1755 - 1768                Prince Nasrollah Mirza Afshar       (b. 1751 - d. 1786)
                             (1st  time)
1768                       Prince Nader Mirza Afshar (1st time)(d. 1803)
1768 - 1775                Prince Nasrollah Mirza Afshar       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1775 - 1782                Prince Nader Mirza Afshar (2nd time)(s.a.)
1782 - 1786                Prince Nasrollah Mirza Afshar       (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
1786 - 1796                Prince Nader Mirza Afshar (3rd time)(s.a.)

Party abbreviations: KMK = Komiteye Melli-ye Khorasan (National Commitee of Khorasan, a coalition of two parties- Hezb-e-Demokrat-e-Khorasan [Democratic Party of Khorasan] and Hezb-e-Soosiyalist-e-Khorasan [Socialist Party of Khorasan]); Mil = Military

24 Jun 1920 - 12 Sep 1920  Provincial autonomy proclaimed in Tabriz (sometimes called
                             "Azadistan").
 1 Feb 1922 - Feb 1922     Rebellion against central government in Tabriz.    
12 Dec 1945                Autonomous government declared (National Autonomous State
                             of Azerbaijan). 
13 Jun 1946                Agreement with Iranian government, autonomy ended.
12 Dec 1946                Fully disbanded by Iran.

Chairman of the National Government
24 Jun 1920 - 12 Sep 1920  Sheikh Mohammad Khiyabani          (b. 1879 - d. 1920)  HDA
Chairman of the National Committee
 1 Feb 1922 - Feb 1922     Abolqasem Khan Lahuti              (b. 1877 - d. 1957)  Mil/HEK
President of the Assembly
12 Dec 1945                Ali Shabestari                     (b. 1898 - d. ....)  HDA
Prime Minister (Bash Vazir)
12 Dec 1945 - 13 Jun 1946  Cafar Pishavari                    (b. 1892 - d. 1947)  HDA
                             (Jafar Pishevari) 

Party abbreviation: HDA = Hezb-e-Demokrat-e-Azarbayejan (Democratic Party of Azerbaijan,
socialist, Azeri nationalist, 1920-1946); HEK = Hezb-e-Kargar (Worker's Party, socialist)

Map of Kurdistan (Mahabad)	Hear National Anthem "Ey Raqip" (Hey Enemy)	Text of Anthem Adopted 1946	Constitution
Capital: Mahabad	Currency: Iranian Rial (IRR)	National Holiday: N/A	Population: 200,000 (1946)
GDP: $N/A		Ethnic groups: Kurd, Persian, Arab, Lur
Total Armed Forces: 10,000 (1946) Soviet Troops: 2,000,000 (1946)		Religions: Sunni Muslim,  Christian, Zoroastrian
International Organizations: None

22 Jan 1946                State of Republic of Kurdistan proclaimed at Mahabad.
15 Dec 1946                Disbanded by Iran.

President
22 Jan 1946 - 15 Dec 1946  Qazi Mohammad bin `Ali             (b. 1901 - d. 1947)  KDP

Prime minister
11 Feb 1946 - 15 Dec 1946  Haji Baba Sheikh                   (d. 1947)            KDP

Party abbreviation: KDP = Hezb-e-Demokrat-e-Kordestan-e-Iran (Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran, socialist, Kurdish nationalist, Sep 1946-1947)

                    2 Jul 1763 - 1948

 2 Jul 1763                British Residency established at Bushire (Bushehr) in Persia
                             by the British East India Company.
1769 - 1775                Residency in abeyance.
 8 Jan 1820 - 15 Mar 1820  Treaty with the "Trucial Coast States" and Bahrain,
                             abolishing slave trade and forbidding piracy.
Jul 1820 - Dec 1822        British agents for the Lower Gulf stationed at Qishm Island
                             in Persia.
1822                       Persian Gulf Residency established by Britain.
1822 - 1873                Subordinated to the governor of Bombay.
 9 Dec 1856 - 1857         British occupy Bushire.
1873 - 1946                Subordinated to British India (from 1946 to resident in Bahrain).
 8 Aug 1915 - 16 Oct 1915  British occupy Bushire.
1948                       Residency abolished.
 

Agents 
Apr 1763 - 1767            Benjamin Jarvis
Jul 1767 - 1767            William Bowyear
Nov 1767 - 1769            James Morely
                             (acting to Jan 1768)
1769 - 1775                Vacant
May 1775 - 1780            John Beaumont
Jan 1781 - 1787?           Edward Galley
Jun 1787 - 1792            Charles Watkins
Oct 1792 - Sep 1798        Nicholas Hankey Smith (1st time)   (b. 1771 - d. 1837) 
Oct 1798 - 1803            Mirza Mahdi Ali Khan (native agent)
Apr 1803 - Feb 1804        Jonathan Henry Lovett
Feb 1804 - Mar 1804        Samuel Manesty (self-appointed)
Mar 1804 - 1807            William Bruce (1st time)(acting)
May 1807 - 1808            Nicholas Hankey Smith (2nd time)   (s.a.) 
Jul 1808 - Sep 1808        C. Pasley (acting)
Sep 1808 - Dec 1808        William Bruce (2nd time)(acting)
Dec 1808 - May 1809        Andrew Jukes (in charge)
May 1809 - Apr 1810        William Bruce (3rd time)(acting)
Apr 1810 - May 1810        Stephen Babington (acting)
May 1810 - Sep 1810        William Bruce (4th time)(acting)
Sep 1810 - Oct 1810        Nicholas Hankey Smith (3rd time)   (s.a.) 
Oct 1810 - Apr 1812        William Bruce (5th time)
Apr 1812 - Nov 1812        Robert Taylor (acting)
Nov 1812 - Aug 1813        William Bruce (6th time)
Aug 1813 - Apr 1814        James Orton (acting)
Apr 1814 - Nov 1819        William Bruce (7th time)
Nov 1819 - Jan 1820        James Dow (1st time)(acting)
Jan 1820 - Jun 1820        William Bruce (8th time)
Jun 1820 - Jan 1822        James Dow (2nd time)(acting)
Jan 1822 - Mar 1822        John Tod (acting)
Mar 1822 - Jul 1822        William Bruce (9th time)
Jul 1822 - Sep 1822        broker and linguist (acting)
Sep 1822 - Dec 1822        William Bruce (10th time)
Political residents
1904 - 1948                the Chief political residents of the
                           Arabian (Persian) Gulf (see under Bahrain)

Agents for the Lower Gulf (at Qishm Island)
Jul 1820 - 1821            T. Perronet Thompson
Mar 1821 - 1821            F. Faithful (1st time)
Jun 1821 - 1821            Andrew Jukes
Nov 1821 - Dec 1822        F. Faithful (2nd time)(acting)

Sep 1507 - Jan 1508        Portuguese occupation of Hormuz (Ormuz) as Fort Nossa Senhora
                             da Victoria.
 1 Apr 1515                Hormuz (Ormuz) Island (renamed Nossa Senhora da Conceiçao)
                             and nearby Persian coast
                             a Portuguese possession (capital at Gambaroun, renamed Comorao
                             [later Bandar Abbas]) which also includes Muscat
                             to 26 Jan 1650 and Bahrain Jun 1521 - 1602)
                            (subordinated to Goa).
1521 - 1621                Kingdom of Ormuz a Portuguese vassal.
 3 May 1622                Retaken by Persia.

Shahs
1475 - 1505                Salghur Shah I
1505 - 1507                Turan Shah III
1507 - 1513                Seyf al Din Abu Nasr
1513 - 1521                Turan Shah IV                      (d. 1521)
1521 - 1534                Soltan Mohammad Shah II
1534 - 1543                Mozaffar ad-Din Salghur Shah II
1543 - 1564                Fakhr ad-Din Turan Shah V
1565                       Soltan Mohammad Shah III
1565 - 1597                Farrokh Shah I
1597                       Turan Shah VI
1597 - 1602                Farrokh Shah II
1602 - 1609                Firuz Shah
1609 - 1621                Mohammad Shah IV

Portuguese Captains-major
Sep 1507 - Jan 1508        Alfonso de Albuquerque             (b. 1460 - d. 1515)
1515 - 1518                Pedro de Albuquerque
1518 - 1521                Garcia Coutinho
1521 - 1523                João Rodrigues de Noronha
1523 - 1527                Diogo de Melo
1527 - 1532                Cristóvão de Mendonça              (b. c.1475 - d. 153.)
1532                       Belchior de Sousa Tavares
1532 - 1536                António da Silveira de Meneses
1536 - 1538                Pedro de Castelo Branco
1539                       Fernão de Lima
1540 - 1544                Martim Afonso de Melo Zuzarte
1544 - 1547                Luís Falcão                        (b. c.1510 - d. 15..)
1547                       Manuel da Silviera
1547 - 1550                Manuel de Lima                     (b. c.1510 - d. 15..)
1550 - 1553                Álvaro de Noronha
1553 - 1556                Antão de Noronha (1st time)
1556 - 1557                Bernaldim de Sousa
1557 - 1558                João de Atíde (1st time)
1558 - 1560                Antão de Noronha (2nd time)
1560                       Francisco Mascarenhas Palha
1560 - 1563                João de Atíde (2nd time)
1564? - 1566               Pedro de Sousa
1566 - 1569                Luís de Melo
1569 - 1572                Francisco Mascarenhas              (b. c.1520 - d. 15..)
1572 - 1574                Fernão Teles
1574 - 1577                Diogo de Meneses
1580 - 1583                Gonçalo de Meneses
1584 - 1587                Matias de Albuquerque
1587 - 1589                João Gomes da Silva
1589 - 1593                João Pereira
1593 - 1597                Jeronimo Mascarenhas
1597 - 1599                Antonio da Lima
1600                       Antonio da Silveira
1600 - 1605                Diogo Moniz Barreto
1605 - 1607                Pedro Coutinho
1607 - 1609                Henrique da Noronha
1610 - 1612                Jorge de Castelo Branco
1612 - 1613                Pedro de Brito de Lima
1613 - 1619                Luís da Gama
1619 - 1620                Luís de Sousa
1620 - 1622                Francisco de Sousa
1622 -  3 May 1622         Simão de Melo

1435                       With the fragmentation of the Timurid Empire, and the subsequent
                             extension of control over western Persia by the Horde
                             of the Black Sheep, the region between the Persian Gulf and the
                             Zagros Mountains fell into the hands of the Musha'aha'ids, a
                             Shi'ite millenarian movement.
1514                       Re-incorporated into Persia (as autonomous province of Arabistan, 
                             Musha'sha'id emirs continue as governors).
20 Apr 1925                Emirs deposed, autonomy abolished.
1936                       Renamed Khuzestan province.

Emirs
1686 - 1700                Sayyed Farajallah 
1700 - 1707                Sayyed Ali III (1st time)
1707 - 1715                Sayyed Abdallah
1715 - 1720                Sayyed Ali III (2nd time)
1720 - 1737                Sayyed Mohammed III
1737 - 1747                Sayyed Farajallah (at Dawraq)
1747 - 1762                Sayyed Muttalib (at Huwayza)
17.. - 17..                Sayyed Mawla Judallah
17.. - 17..                Sayyed Mawla Ismail
c.1779                     Sayyed Mawla Muhsin
17.. - 17..                Sayyed Mawla Mohammed I
af.1797                    Sayyed Mawla Muttalib I
.... - ....                Sayyed Mawla Abd al-Ali I 
1841 - 1872                Sayyed Mawla Farajallah
1872 - 1881                Sayyed Mawla Mohammed II
1881 - c.1888              Sayyed Mawla Muttalib II           (d. 1895)
c.1888                     Sayyed Mawla Nasrallah (at Huwayza)
.... - 1910                Sayyed Mawla Abd al-Ali (1st time)
1910 - 1924                Shaykh Khazal
1924 - 20 Apr 1925         Sayyed Mawla Abd al-Ali (2nd time)

1502                       Part of Persia.
1516                       Part of Ottoman Empire.
1620                       Part of Persia.
1723 - 1732                Annexed by Russia.
1747                       Badiroghlu Khanate (at Ardebil)(in northwestern Iran east of
                             Sarab and west of the southwest corner of the Caspian Sea).
1808                       Re-incorporated into Persia.

Khans
1747 - 1763                Badir Khan
1763 - 1792                Nazarali Khan                      (d. 1792)
                           - jointly with the following -
1747 - 1808                Nasir Khan

1502                       Part of Persia.
1516                       Part of Ottoman Empire.
1620                       Part of Persia.
1747                       Donboli Khanate (at Khoy) (northwestern Iran, north of Lake
                             Urmia, between Tabriz and Lake Van). 
1813                       Re-incorporated into Persia.
1827 - 1827                Russian occupation.
1911                       Annexed to Ottoman Empire.
1918                       Re-incorporated into Persia. 

Khans 
1747 - 1763                Sahbaz Khan II ibn Murtuzaqulu
                             (ruler from 1744)
1763 - 1786                Ahmad Khan Donboli                 (b. 1745 - d. 1786)
1786 - 1797                Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli            (d. 1814)
1797 - 1813                Hossein Qoil Khan Donboli

1805                       Qawasim clan from Sharjah settles a Bandar-i Linga.
1887                       Abolished by Iran.

Rulers (Hakim)
1805 - 1829                Sheikh Qadib ibn Rashid al-Qasimi 
1829 - 1854                Sheikh Said ibn Qadhib al-Qasimi 
1854 - 1874                Sheikh Khalifa ibn Said al-Qasimi  (d. 1874)
1874 - 1878                Sheikh Ali ibn Khalifa al-Qasimi   (d. 1878)
1878 - 1885                Sheikh Yusuf ibn Muhammad al-Qasimi 
1885 - 1887                Sheikh Qadib ibn Rashid al-Qasimi 

1502                       Part of Persia.
1516                       Part of Ottoman Empire.
1620                       Part of Persia.
1747                       Kangarli Khanate (at Maku)(in extreme northwestern ran, northwest
                             of Khoy and 60 miles south of Yerevan, Armenia).
1829                       Re-incorporated into Persia, dynasty continues.
1911                       Part of Ottoman Empire.
1918                       Part of Persia. 
1922                       Khanate abolished.

Khans
1747 - 1778                Ahmad Soltan  Kangarli
1778 - 1822                Hasan Khan Kangarli
                           - jointly with the following - 
1778 - 1822                Hossein Khan Kangarli
1822 - 1866                Ali Khan Kangarli
1866 - 1899                Haji Ismail Khan 
1899 - 1922                Teymur Pasha Khan 
1922                       Murtuzqulu Khan Bayat              (b. 1863 - d. 1923)

Mohammerah

17..                       Sheikdom of Mohammerah
1924                       Autonomy abolished.

Sheikhs
17.. - 17..                'Ali Mardan al-Muhaisin
17.. - 1819                Haji Yusuf bin Mardo               (d. 1819)
1819 -  2 Nov 1881         Haji Jabir Khan bin Mardo          (b. c.1800 - d. 1881)
 2 Nov 1881 -  2 Jun 1897  Miza'al Khan ibn Haji Jabir Khan   (b. bf.1839 - d. 1897)
 2 Jun 1897 - 1924         Khaz'al Khan ibn Haji Jabir Khan   (b. 1863 - d. 1936)

Khans
1801 - 1816                Sardar Eshaq Khan Qaraei-Torbati   (b. 1735 - d. 1816) 
1823 - 14 Jun 1833         Sardar Mohammad Khan Qaraei-Torbati(b. 1790 - d. c.1850)

Qashqaei

Khans
1904 - 1933                Ismaeel Khan Soulat-od-Dowleh      (d. 1933)
                             Qashqaei
1933 - 19..                Nasser Khan Qashqaei

1508                       Part of Persia.
1747                       Shaqaqi Khanate (at Sarab)(northwestern Iran east of Tabriz).
1797                       Re-incorporated into Persia.

Khans
1747 - 1786                'Ali Khan Shaqaqi
1786 - 1797                Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi                 (d. 1800)

1747                       Khanate of Tabriz
1802                       Re-incorporated into Persia.

Khans
1747 - 1784                Najafqoli Khan I (ruler from 1731) 
1784 - 1786                Najafqoli Khan II
1786 - 1797                Donboli
1797 - 1802                Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli

1839                       Eastern Baluchistan within British sphere of influence;
                             western Baluchistan under Persia.
1849                       Persian army captures Bampur the capital of Narui dynasty. 
Sep 1871                   Baluchistan formally split into two regions: East Baluchistan
                             as British Baluchistan (see Pakistan princely states) 
                             and West Baluchistan part of Persia. 

Rulers
1758 - Jun 1795            Nasir Khan Brahui                  (d. 1795) 
Jun 1795 - ....            Mahmud Khan Brahui                 (b. 1791 - d. ....) 
c.1810                     Mehrab Khan Narui 
c.1839                     Mohammed Ali Khan