Azerbaijan
 

6 Oct 1806 - 16 Jun 1918	24 Jun 1918 - 19 Nov 1918	19 Nov 1918 - 28 Apr 1920
30 Dec 1922 - 25 Dec 1991	Adopted 5 Feb 1991

Map of Azerbaijan Hear National Anthem "Azerbaijan Marsi" (March of Azerbaijan)  Text of National Anthem  Adopted 27 May 1992 (1919-1920 none adopted) Constitution (12 Nov 1995) Capital: Baku (Baki) (Ganja  Jun 1918 - Sep 1918) Currency: New Azerbaijani Manat (AZN)  National Holiday: 28 May (1918) Founding of the Republic Population: 9,493,600 (2011) GDP: $93.02 billion (2011) Exports: $23.4 billion (2011) Imports: $7.08 billion (2011) Ethnic Groups: Azeri 90.6%, Lezgian (Dagestani) 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9% (1999) note: almost all Armenians live in Nagorno-Karabakh Total Aactive Armed Forces: 66,940 (2010) Merchant marine: 90 ships (2010) Religions: Muslim 87% (of which Shi'a 52.8%, Sunni 34.2%), other and nonreligious 13.% (2005) International Organizations/Treaties: ADB, BSEC, BTWC, CE, CFE, CICA, CIS, CTBT, CWC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, ESCR, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,  ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, Intersputnik, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA (signatory), ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO,WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) Azerbaijan Index Chronology 1516                       Part of the Ottoman Empire. 1618                       Part of Persia. 172. - 1806                Baku Khanate (see below), under Persian rule. 10 Jul 1723 - 10 Mar 1735  Baku occupied by Russia (annexed 12 Sep 1723). 14 May 1806                Karabagh, Sheki (21 May 1805), and Shirvan                              (Shamakha) (25 Dec 1805) annexed by Russia.  6 Oct 1806                Baku annexed by Russia. 12 Oct 1813                Talysh annexed by Russia; Persia cedes                              sovereignty over Baku, Sheki (Shakki), Quba,                              Shirvan (Shamakha) and Karabakh (Qarabagh) to                              Russia by the Treaty of Gulistan. 22 Feb 1828                Nakhichevan annexed by Russia, Treaty of                              Turkmanchai. 27 Dec 1844 -  9 Mar 1917  Part of the Viceroyalty of the Caucasus (Armenia,                              Azerbaijan, and Georgia [see under Georgia]). 22 Apr 1918 - 26 May 1918  Part (with Armenia and Georgia) of the Democratic                              Federative Republic of Transcaucasia                               (see under Georgia). 28 May 1918 - 27 Apr 1920  Azerbaijani People's Republic (also in official                              use Azerbaijani Republic; semi-official                              Azerbaijani Democratic Republic); remains                              without territorial authority until national                              government arrives in Elizavetpol [Ganja] on                              16 Jun 1918). 17 Jul 1918 - 15 Sep 1918  Baku occupied by British forces. 15 Sep 1918 - 18 Oct 1918  Baku occupied by Ottoman Empire forces. 27/28 Apr 1920             Soviet Russian forces occupy Baku. 28 Apr 1920                Azerbaijani Socialist Conciliar Republic 12 Mar 1922                Part (with Armenia and Georgia) of the Federative                              Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of                               Transcaucasia (see under Georgia). 13 Dec 1922                Part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative                              Soviet Republic (see under Georgia). 30 Dec 1922                T.S.F.S.R. founding component of the Soviet Union                              (see under Russia).  5 Dec 1936                T.S.F.S.R. dissolved; Azerbaidzhan Soviet                              Socialist Republic becomes full union republic. 23 Sep 1989                State sovereignty declared.  5 Feb 1991                Azerbaijani Republic (style introduced                              29 Nov 1990) 30 Aug 1991                Independence declared. 25 Dec 1991                Independence effective (dissolution of U.S.S.R.).  6 Jan 1992                Nagorno-Karabakh declares independence from                              Azerbaijan (recognized only by Armenia). Azerbaidzhan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920-1991) Nagorno-Karabakh Nakhichevan Baku Governments (1917-1918) Talysh-Mughan (1744-1919, 1993) Kurdish District (1923-1929) Azeri Khanates Baku Ganja Jawad Quba (Kuba) Salyan Shakki (Sheki) Shamakha

Chairman of the National Council
28 May 1918 - 17 Jun 1918  Memmed Emin Aga ogly Resulzade    (b. 1884 - d. 1955)  TPM
                             (1st time)(in Tiflis, Georgia exile)
Chairman of Provisional Government
17 Jun 1918 - 16 Nov 1918  Fath Ali Khan Khoyski             (b. 1876 - d. 1920)  Non-party
Chairman of the National Council
16 Nov 1918 -  7 Dec 1918  Memmed Emin Aga ogly Resulzade    (s.a.)               TPM
                             (2nd time)
First Deputy Chairmen of the Parliament  
 7 Dec 1918 - 22 Jan 1920  Hasan bey Meshedi Husseyn ogly    (b. 1875 - d. 1920)  TPM
                             Agayev
22 Jan 1920 -  2 Feb 1920  Vacant
 2 Feb 1920 - 27 Apr 1920  Mammad Yusif Hajibaba ogly        (b. 1895 - d. 1938)  TPM
                             Kafarov
Chairman of the Parliament
 7 Dec 1918 - 27 Apr 1920  Alimardanbey Topchubashov         (b. 1862 - d. 1934)  TPM
                            (exercised functions of diplomatic representation abroad)
Deputy Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee 
28 Apr 1920 - 16 May 1920  Mirza Davud Bagir ogly Husseynov  (b. 1894 - d. 1938)  AKP
Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee
16 May 1920 - 21 May 1921  Nariman Kerbalay Nadzhaf ogly     (b. 1870 - d. 1925)  AKP
                             Narimanov 
Chairmen of the Central Executive Council
21 May 1921 - 7? May 1922  Mukhtar Haji ogly Hajiyev         (b. 1876 - d. 1938)  AKP
7? May 1922 - 18 Sep 1929  Samad Aga Agamali ogly Aliyev     (b. 1867 - d. 1930)  AKP
Presidents
19 May 1990 -  6 Mar 1992  Ayaz Niyazi ogly Mutalibov        (b. 1938)            AKP; 1991 
                             (1st time)                                           Non-party
 6 Mar 1992 - 14 May 1992  Yagub Kavad ogly Mamedov (acting) (b. 1941)            Non-party
                             (1st time)
14 May 1992 - 16 May 1992  Ayaz Niyazi ogly Mutalibov        (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (2nd time)
16 May 1992 - 18 May 1992  Yagub Kavad ogly Mamedov (acting) (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (2nd time)
18 May 1992 - 16 Jun 1992  Isa Yunis ogly Gambarov (acting)  (b. 1957)            AKC
16 Jun 1992 -  1 Sep 1993  Abulfez Kadyrgula ogly Elchibey   (b. 1938 - d. 2000)  AKC
24 Jun 1993 - 31 Oct 2003  Heydar Alirza ogly Aliyev         (b. 1923 - d. 2003)  YAP
                             (acting to 10 Oct 1993 [for Elchibey to 1 Sep 1993])
31 Oct 2003 -              Ilham Heydar ogly Aliyev          (b. 1961)            YAP

Prime ministers
28 May 1918 - 14 Apr 1919  Fath Ali Khan Khoyski             (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (in Georgia 28 May 1918 - 16 Jun 1918)
14 Apr 1919 - 30 Mar 1920  Nasib Bey Yusifbeyli              (b. 1881 - d. 1920)  TPM
 1 Apr 1920 - 28 Apr 1920  Mammad Hasan Hadzhinsky           (b. 1875 - d. 1931)  TPM
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
May 1921 - Apr 1922        Nariman Kerbalay Nadzhaf ogly     (s.a.)               AKP
                             Narimanov 
Apr 1922 - 14 Mar 1930     Gazanfar Makhmud ogly Musabekov   (b. 1888 - d. 1938)  AKP
                             (acting to 6 May 1922)
Prime Ministers
 7 Feb 1991 -  4 Apr 1992  Hasan Aziz ogly Hasanov           (b. 1940)            Non-party
 4 Apr 1992 - 16 May 1992  Firuz Radzhab ogly Mustafayev                          Non-party
                             (acting)
16 May 1992 - 26 Jan 1993  Rahim Ali Husseyn ogly Huseynov   (b. 1936)            Non-party
26 Jan 1993 - 28 Apr 1993  Ali Ahmed ogly Masimov (acting)   (b. 1952)            Non-party
28 Apr 1993 - 30 Jun 1993  Panakh Chodar ogly Huseynov       (b. 1957)            AKC
30 Jun 1993 -  7 Oct 1994  Surat Davud ogly Huseynov         (b. 1959)            Mil
 7 Oct 1994 - 20 Jul 1996  Fuad Khalil ogly Guliyev          (b. 1941)            YAP
                             (acting to 2 May 1995)
20 Jul 1996 -  4 Aug 2003  Artur Tair ogly Rasizade          (b. 1935)            YAP
                             (1st time)(acting to 26 Nov 1996 and 18-24 Oct 1998)
 4 Aug 2003 -  4 Nov 2003  Ilham Heydar ogly Aliyev          (s.a.)               YAP
 6 Aug 2003 -  4 Nov 2003  Artur Rasizade                    (s.a.)               YAP
                             (acting for Aliyev)
 4 Nov 2003 -              Artur Tair ogly Rasizade          (s.a.)               YAP
                             (2nd time)

Commanders of Occupation forces
17 Jul 1918 - 15 Sep 1918  William M. Thomson (U.K.)         (b. 1878 - d. 1963)
16 Sep 1918 - 18 Oct 1918  Mustafa Nuri Pasha                (b. 1889 - d. 1949)
                            (Ottoman Empire)

Party abbreviations: AKC = Azerbaycan Khalq Cebhesi (Azerbaijani Popular Front, reformist, est.1992); AKP = Azerbaycan Kommunist Partiyasi (Azerbaijan Communist Party, est.1918, dissolved 16 Sep 1991, re-est. Dec 1993); YAP = Yeni Azerbaycan Partiyasi (New Azerbaijan Party, nationalist, center-right, est.18 Dec 1992); Mil = Military
- Former parties: TPM = Türk edemi merkeziyyet firqesi-Müsavat (Musavat Party of Turkic Federalists, democratic, secularist, Turkic/Azeri nationalist, 1917-1920)

 2 Nov 1917 - 31 Jul 1918  Baku Soviet Commune established.
22 Apr 1918 - 26 May 1918  Part (with Armenia and Georgia) of the Democratic Federative
                             Republic of Transcaucasia (see under Georgia).
28 May 1918                Azerbaijan People's Republic
 1 Aug 1918 - 15 Sep 1918  Central Caspian Dictatorship (also called Centro-Caspian
                             Directorate) in Baku replaces the Commune; supported by British
                             troops and in opposition to Azeri national government at Ganja.
17 Jul 1918 - 15 Sep 1918  Baku occupied by British forces.
15 Sep 1918 - 18 Oct 1918  Ottoman occupation.
27/28 Apr 1920             Soviet Russian forces occupy Baku.

Chairman of Council of People's Commissioners of the Commune of Baku
 2 Nov 1917 - 31 Jul 1918  Stepan Georgiyevich Shaumian      (b. 1878 - d. 1918)  RSDLP-B
                            (in opposition to national government
                             from 28 May 1918)
Chairman of the Central Caspian Dictatorship and the Provisional Executive Committee
 1 Aug 1918 - 15 Sep 1918  Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sadovsky                        RSDLP-M
                            (in Baku; in opposition to national government)

Commander of British forces
 4 Aug 1918 - 15 Sep 1918  Lionel Charles Dunsterville       (b. 1865 - d. 1946)

Party abbreviations: RSDLP-B = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party, est.1903 from RSDLP [est.1898], "Bolsheviks" [majority], Marxist, internationalist; from 1918 RCP); RSDLP-M = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, est.1903 from RSDLP, "Mensheviks" [minority], Marxist, center-leftist, Russian nationalist, parliamentary socialists);

13 Dec 1922 -  5 Dec 1936  Part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 
                              (see under Georgia).

First secretaries of the Azerbaijani Communist Party (AKP)
28 Apr 1920 - 23 Jul 1920  Mirza Davud Bagir ogly Husseynov  (b. 1894 - d. 1938)
23 Jul 1920 -  9 Sep 1920  Viktor Ivanovich Naneyshvili      (b. 1878 - d. 1940)
 9 Sep 1920 - 15 Sep 1920  Yelena Dmitriyevna Stasova (f)    (b. 1873 - d. 1966)
15 Sep 1920 - 24 Oct 1920  Vladimir Yelizbarovich Dumbadze   (b. 1879 - d. 1934)
24 Oct 1920 - 24 Jul 1921  Grigory Naumovich Kaminsky        (b. 1895 - d. 1938)
24 Jul 1921 - 21 Jan 1926  Sergey Mironovich Kirov           (b. 1886 - d. 1934)
21 Jan 1926 - 11 Jul 1929  Levon Isayevich Mirzoyan          (b. 1887 - d. 1939)
11 Jul 1929 -  5 Aug 1930  Nikolay Fyodorovich Gikalo        (b. 1897 - d. 1938)
 5 Aug 1930 -  8 Feb 1933  Vladimir Ivanovich Polonsky       (b. 1893 - d. 1939)
 8 Feb 1933 - 10 Dec 1933  Ruben Gukasovich Rubenov          (b. 1894 - d. 1937)
                             (Mkrytyan)
10 Dec 1933 - 18 Apr 1953  Mir Dzhafar Abas ogly Bagirov     (b. 1896 - d. 1956)
18 Apr 1953 - 17 Feb 1954  Mir Teimur Mir Alekper ogly       (b. 1904 - d. 1970)
                             Yakubov 
17 Feb 1954 - 10 Jul 1959  Imam Dashdemir ogly Mustafayev    (b. 1910 - d. 1997)
10 Jul 1959 - 14 Jul 1969  Veli Yusif ogly Akhundov          (b. 1916 - d. 1986)
14 Jul 1969 -  3 Dec 1982  Heydar Alirza ogly Aliyev         (b. 1923 - d. 2003)
 3 Dec 1982 - 21 May 1988  Kyamran Mamed ogly Bagirov        (b. 1933 - d. 2000)
21 May 1988 - 25 Jan 1990  Abdul Rahman Khalil ogly Vezirov  (b. 1930)
25 Jan 1990 - 14 Sep 1991  Ayaz Niyazi ogly Mutalibov        (b. 1938)

Deputy Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee 
28 Apr 1920 - 16 May 1920  Mirza Davud Bagir ogly Husseynov  (b. 1894 - d. 1938)  AKP
Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee
16 May 1920 - 21 May 1921  Nariman Kerbalay Nadzhaf ogly     (b. 1870 - d. 1925)  AKP
                             Narimanov 
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee
21 May 1921 -  6 May 1922  Mukhtar Haji ogly Hajiyev         (b. 1876 - d. 1938)  AKP
 6 May 1922 - 14 Mar 1930  Samed Aga Agamali ogly Aliyev     (b. 1867 - d. 1930)  AKP
14 Mar 1930 - Dec 1931     Gazanfar Makhmud ogly Musabekov   (b. 1888 - d. 1938)  AKP
13 Dec 1931 - 10 Jun 1937  Sultan Medzhid Medzhid ogly       (b. 1887 - d. 1938)  AKP
                             Efendiyev 
Jun 1937 - 19 Jul 1938     Mir Bashir Fattakh ogly Kasumov   (b. 1879 - d. 1949)  AKP
                             (acting)
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
19 Jul 1938 - 21 Jul 1938  Mir Teimur Mir Alekper ogly       (s.a.)               AKP
                             Yakubov
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
21 Jul 1938 - 23 Apr 1949  Mir Bashir Fattakh ogly Kasumov   (s.a.)               AKP
18 May 1949 -  9 Mar 1954  Nazar Heydar ogly Heydarov        (b. 1896 - d. 1968)  AKP
 9 Mar 1954 - 23 Jan 1958  Mirza Azhdar ogly Ibrahimov       (b. 1911 - d. 1993)  AKP
23 Jan 1958 - 26 Nov 1959  Ilyas Kerim ogly Abdullayev       (b. 1913 - d. 1985)  AKP
26 Nov 1959 - 16 Nov 1961  Saftar Mamed ogly Dzhafarov       (b. 1900 - d. 1961)  AKP
29 Dec 1961 - 25 Dec 1969  Mamed Abdul ogly Iskenderov       (b. 1915 - d. 1985)  AKP
25 Dec 1969 - 30 Dec 1985  Kurban Ali ogly Khalilov          (b. 1906 - d. 2000)  AKP
30 Dec 1985 - 22 Jun 1989  Suleiman Bayram ogly Tatliyev     (b. 1925)            AKP
22 Jun 1989 - 18 May 1990  Elmira Mikail kyzy Kafarova (f)   (b. 1934 - d. 1994)  AKP

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
May 1921 - Apr 1922        Nariman Kerbalay Nadzhaf ogly     (s.a.)               AKP
                             Narimanov 
Apr 1922 - 14 Mar 1930     Gazanfar Makhmud ogly Musabekov   (s.a.)               AKP
                             (acting to 6 May 1922)
14 Mar 1930 - 23 Oct 1932  Dadash Khodzha ogly Buniyatzade   (b. 1888 - d. 1938)  AKP
23 Oct 1932 - 12 Dec 1933  Mir Dzhafar Abbas ogly Bagirov    (s.a.)               AKP
12 Dec 1933 - 22 Aug 1937  Huseyn Pasha ogly Rakhmanov       (b. 1902 - d. 1938)  AKP
13 Nov 1937 - 29 Mar 1946  Teimur Imam Kuli ogly Kuliyev     (b. 1888 - d. 1965)  AKP
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
29 Mar 1946 - 18 Apr 1953  Teimur Imam Kuli ogly Kuliyev     (s.a.)               AKP
                             (1st time)
18 Apr 1953 - 17 Aug 1953  Mir Dzhafar Abbas ogly Bagirov    (s.a.)               AKP
17 Aug 1953 -  1 Mar 1954  Teimur Imam Kuli ogly Kuliyev     (s.a.)               AKP
                             (2nd time) 
 1 Mar 1954 -  8 Jul 1958  Sadykh Gadzhiyar Ali ogly Ragimov (b. 1914 - d. 1975)  AKP
 8 Jul 1958 - 10 Jul 1959  Veli Yusif ogly Akhundov          (s.a.)               AKP
10 Jul 1959 - 29 Dec 1961  Mamed Abdul ogly Iskenderov       (s.a.)               AKP
29 Dec 1961 - 10 Apr 1970  Enver Nazar ogly Alikhanov        (b. 1917 - d. 1992)  AKP
10 Apr 1970 - 22 Jan 1981  Ali Ismail ogly Ibrahimov         (b. 1913)            AKP
22 Jan 1981 - 27 Jan 1989  Gasan Neimat ogly Seidov          (b. 1932 - d. 2004)  AKP
27 Jan 1989 - 25 Jan 1990  Ayaz Niyazi ogly Mutalibov        (s.a.)               AKP
25 Jan 1990 -  7 Feb 1991  Hasan Aziz ogly Hasanov           (b. 1940)            Non-party

Party abbreviation: AKP = Azerbaycan Kommunist Partiyasi (Azerbaijan Communist Party, est.1918, dissolved 16 Sep 1991)

 7 Jul 1923                Kurdish uyezd (non-autonomous district)
                             (known colloquially as "Red Kurdistan").
 8 Apr 1929                Dissolved.
30 May 1930                Kurdish okrug.
23 Jul 1930                Dissolved by Soviet Union, population resettled.
20 May 1992 - 1992         Lachin captured by Armenian forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh
                             war, the Lachin Kurdish Republic is declared.

First Secretaries of the Okrug Committee of the Communist Party
30 May 1930 - 23 Jul 1930  the First Secretaries of the Communist
                           Party of Azerbaidzhan

Chairman of the Administrative Committee
1923 - 1929                Gussi Gaji (or Gadzhiev, Gajiyev)
Chairman of the Executive Committee
30 May 1930 - 23 Jul 1930  ....
Prime Minister
20 May 1992 - 1992         Wekil Mustafa (Wekil Mustafayev)  (b. 1938)  

c.1554                     State under the rule of an Atabeg founded; part of Persia.
1588                       Part of the Ottoman Empire.
1606                       Khanate of Qarabagh (Karabakh) founded.
14 May 1806                Annexed to Russia by Treaty of Kurekchay.
Oct 1822                   Khanate abolished by Russia.
 4 Jun 1918                Treaty of Batum recognizes Karabakh as an autonomous part
                             of Azerbaijan.
22/26 Jul 1918             (Armenian) People's Government of Karabakh formed.
26 Aug 1919 -  9 Jun 1920  Government of Karabakh recognizes the sovereignty of Azerbaijan.
 9 Jun 1920                Declared incorporated into Armenia. 
Sep 1920                   Armenia relinquished Zangezur and Karabakh to Azerbaijan, but
                             Armenian forces remain and Azeris could not take power.
 2 Dec 1920                Azerbaidzhan S.S.R. Revolutionary Committee recognizes Nakhichevan,
                             Nagorno-Karabakh and Zangezur as part of Armenian S.S.R.
25 Dec 1920                Syunik Autonomous Republic proclaimed by Armenian
                             forces in Syunie (Siunie) and Karabakh with capital in
                             Tatev which is declared to be "autonomous within Armenia."
 2 Apr 1921                Republic of Syunik proclaims independence.
26 Apr 1921                Syunik reduced to only part of upper Karabakh and is renamed the 
                             the Republic of Mountainous Armenia.
 3 Jun 1921                Caucasus Bureau of the Russian Communist Party recognizes 
                             Nagorno-Karabakh as part of Armenian S.S.R.
 1 Jul 1921                Republic of Mountainous Armenia is renamed Republic of Armenia.
 5 Jul 1921                Soviet Russia occupies the area, made part of Azerbaijan.
 7 Jul 1923                Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (within Azerbaidzhan S.S.R.)
20 Feb 1988                Supreme Soviet of Nagorno-Karabakh votes to reunite with Armenia
                             (rejected by Supreme Soviet of U.S.S.R. on 28 Mar 1988,
                             but recognized by Armenian S.S.R. on 15 Jun 1988). 
12 Jul 1988                Supreme Soviet of Nagorno-Karabakh again votes to join Armenia
                             (rejected by Supreme Soviet of U.S.S.R. on 18 Jul 1988, but
                             ratified by Armenian S.S.R. 1 Dec 1989). 
12 Jan 1989 - Aug 1991     Placed under direct Soviet administration from Moscow.
28 Nov 1989                Autonomy abrogated by Supreme Soviet of U.S.S.R. 
 1 Dec 1989                During a joint session, the Supreme Soviets of Armenian S.S.R. and
                             the National Council adopt a resolution on reunification
                             of Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenian S.S.R.
27 Aug 1990                Azerbaijan S.S.R. abolishes Nagorno-Karabakh autonomy.
 3 Sep 1991                Armenian Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh (or Republic of Mountainous 
                             Karabakh (Artsakh) declared.
26 Nov 1991                Azerbaijan declares Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast dissolved.
 6 Jan 1992                Independence declared (not internationally recognized).
19 May 1992 -              Armenian occupation of adjacent Azeri city of Lachin 
                            (Kelbajar from 7 Apr 1993, Aghdam 24 Jul 1993, Fizuli 23 Aug 1993,
                             Jebrayil 26 Aug 1993 and Gubatly 31 Aug 1993, Horadiz 23 Oct 1993
                             - Feb 1994 and in Zangelan from 1 Nov 1993).
10 Dec 2006                Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Artsakh Republic also in use).    

First Secretaries of the Oblast Committee of the Communist Party
Jul 1923 - Dec 1923        Sero Manutsyan
Dec 1923 - Apr 1924        Akop Mikaelovich Bendzhanyan
Apr 1924 - Oct 1924        Sarkisov
Oct 1924 - 1925            Hayk Hachaturovich Silanyan       (d. 1938)
1925 - 1929                Artvazd Aleksandrovich Saakyants  (b. 1895 - d. 1939)
1929 - Dec 1929            M.K. Danilyan
1929 - May 1930            Ashot Abramovich Karamyan         (b. 1898 - d. 193.)
May 1930 - 1937            ....
1937 - 1940                Mikhail Sergeyevich Manukyants    (b. 1909 - d. 1968)
1940 - 1942                ....
Oct 1942 - 1946            Yegishe Petrosovich Grigoryan     (b. 1902 - d. 19..)
                             (1st time)
1946 - 195.                Tigran Grigoryevich Grigoryan
1952 - Dec 1958            Yegishe Petrosovich Grigoryan     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Dec 1958 - Oct 1962        Nikolay Samsonovich Shakhnazarov  (b. 1908 - d. 19..)
Oct 1962 - Jun 1973        Gurgen Allakhverdovich Melkumyan  (b. 1915)
Jun 1973 - 24 Feb 1988     Boris Sarkisovich Kevorkov        (b. 1932)
24 Feb 1988 - 20 Jan 1989  Genrikh Andreyevich Pogosyan      (b. 1931)
20 Jan 1989 - 27 Aug 1990  Vagan Gabrielyan                  (b. 1936)

Khans
1722 - May 1728            Dawud Khan
1728 - 1730                Makhithar
1730 - 1738                Ughurlu II Khan Ziyad oghlu
1743?                      Khan Chemskeseka
1747 - 1761                Panah Khan `Ali Beg 
1761 - 14 Jun 1806         Ibrahim Khalil                    (d. 1806)
10 Sep 1806 - Oct 1822     Mahdi Quli Khan Muzaffar          (d. 1845)
President of Karabakh Sovereignty Committee
1917 - Sep 1918            Lyuftali-bek Byebutov 
President of Karabakh Armenian National Council
Sep 1918 - 1919            Yeghishe Ishkhanyan
Governor of Karabakh
15 Jan 1919 - May 1920     Khosrov bey Sultanov              (b. 1879 - d. 1941)
President of Authority
Apr 1920 - 1920            Arsen Ogannesyan
President of the Revolutionary Committee
1920                       Sako Ambartsumyan
Sparapet (Commander)
Apr 1921 - Jul 1921        Garegin Egishevich Ter-Arutyunian (b. 1886 - d. 1955)
Chairmen of the Executive Committee
Jul 1923 - Dec 1929        Armenak Mkrtychevich Karakozov    (b. 1890 - d. 1937)
Dec 1929 - Dec 1937        ....
Dec 1937 - Dec 1940        Hayk Avetisovich Karkaryan
Dec 1940 - Oct 1944        Grigory Sergeyevich Petrosyan
194. - 1945?               Musheg Avakovich Grigoryan
1946 - 1953                Yegishe Semyonovich Akopov 
May 1953 - Mar 1954        Pasha Astsaturovich Arushanov     (b. 1916 - d. 2004)
Mar 1954 - Mar 1963        Ruben Tevosovich Shakhramyan      (b. 1914 - d. 19..)        
Mar 1963 - Feb 1974        Musheg Grigoryevich Ogandzhanyan  (b. 1924)
Feb 1974 - Aug 1988        Armais Amirovich Aslanov
Aug 1988 - 27 Aug 1990     Semyon Amayakovich Babayan        (b. 1932)
Chairmen of the Committee of Special Governance 
1988 - 12 Jan 1989         Vazgen Grigoryan
12 Jan 1989 - 28 Nov 1989  Arkady Ivanovich Volsky           (b. 1932)
 1 Jan 1990 - 14 Sep 1991  Viktor Petrovich Polanichko       (b. 1937 - d. 1993)
Chairmen of Parliament
12 Sep 1990 -  6 Jan 1992  Leonard Georgiyevich Petrosyan    (b. 1953 - d. 1999)
                             (to 2 Sep 1991, Chairman of the Executive Council)
 7 Jan 1992 - 14 Apr 1992  Artur Aslanovich Mkrtchyan        (b. 1959 - d. 1992)
15 Apr 1992 - 14 Jun 1993  Georgy Mikhaylovich Petrosyan     (b. 1953)
                             (acting)
14 Jun 1993 - 29 Dec 1994  Garen Zarmayrovich Baburyan       (b. 1954)
                             (acting)
Presidents
29 Dec 1994 - 20 Mar 1997  Robert Sedrakovich Kocharyan      (b. 1954)             Non-party
20 Mar 1997 -  8 Sep 1997  Leonard Georgiyevich Petrosyan    (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 8 Sep 1997 -  7 Sep 2007  Arkady Arshavirovich Gukasyan     (b. 1957)             Non-party
 7 Sep 2007 -              Bako Sahakovich Sahakyan          (b. 1960)             Non-party

Prime Ministers
25 Dec 1920 - 26 Apr 1921  Garegin Egishevich Ter-Arutyunian (s.a.)
26 Apr 1921 - 15 Jul 1921  Simeon Vratsyan                   (b. 1882 - d. 1969)
15 Jul 1921 -  8 Jan 1992  Post abolished
 8 Jan 1992 - Aug 1992     Oleg Esayevich Yesayan            (b. 1946)
Aug 1992 - Dec 1994        Robert Sedrakovich Kocharyan      (s.a.)                Non-party
Dec 1994 - Jun 1998        Leonard Georgiyevich Petrosyan    (s.a.)
Jun 1998 - 24 Jun 1999     Zhirayr Tevan Poghosyan           (b. 1942)
30 Jun 1999 - 14 Sep 2007  Anushavan Suren Danielyan         (b. 1956)             Non-party
14 Sep 2007 -              Araik Vladimir Arutyunyan         (b. 1973)             AH  

Party abbreviations: AH = Free Motherland (Azat Hayrenik, est.2005); AZhAM = Azgayin Zhoghovrdavarakan Artsakh Miutyun (National Democratic Union of Artsakh, pro-governmental majority); HHK = Hayastani Hanrapetakan Kusaktsutyun (Republican Party of Armenia, conservative, nationalist, est.1990)

Nov 1918 - Jun 1919	28 Jul 1920 - 1921	1921 - 14 Mar 1925
14 Mar 1925 - 18 Sep 1937	18 Sep 1937 - 25 Aug 1938	25 Aug 1938 - 1 Jan 1940
1 Jan 1940 - 1945	1945 - 22 Aug 1953	22 Aug 1953 - 26 Jun 1956
26 Jun 1956 - 1978	1978 - 17 Nov 1990	1990 Unofficial pro-Azerbaijan flag

15..                       Part of Persia
1747                       Khanate of Nakhchiwan (Nakhichevan).
22 Feb 1828                Annexed to Russia by Treaty of Turkmanchai.
1834                       Khanate abolished by Russia.
 4 Jun 1918                Treaty of Batum recognizes Nakhichevan as an autonomous part
                             of Azerbaijan.
 3 Nov 1918                Azeris of the Mussavat Party proclaimed in Nakhichevan the
                             Republic of Araks (also called Araxes or Arak Republic). 
26 Jan 1919 - 16 May 1919  Arasdayan Republic
26 Jan 1919 -  1 Jun 1919  British occupation.
May 1919 - Jul 1919        Occupied by Armenia.
Jul 1920                   Nakhichevan occupied by Soviet Russia and Azeri communist forces.
28 Jul 1920                Nakhichevan Soviet Socialist Republic proclaimed, but Armenia
                             continues to occupy the area and does not recognize the 
                             autonomous government until its defeat in Nov 1920.
 2 Dec 1920                Azerbaidzhan S.S.R. Revolutionary Committee recognizes Nakhichevan,
                             Nagorno-Karabakh and Zangezur as part of Armenian S.S.R.
16 Mar 1921                Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
 9 Feb 1924                Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, within 
                             Azerbaidzhan S.S.R.
28 Nov 1989                Autonomy abrogated by Supreme Soviet of U.S.S.R. 
Jun 1990                   Independence from U.S.S.R., but not from Azerbaijan, declared 
                             (not recognized).
19 Nov 1990                Naxcivan (Nakhichevan) Autonomous Republic within Azerbaijan.

First Secretaries of the Communist Party
1920 - 1921                ....
1921                       Bagatur Kasum ogly Velibekov     (b. 1894 - d. 1938)
                             (1st time)
1921 - 1925                ....
1925 - 192.                Alesker Abbas ogly Shakhbazov    (b. 1888 - d. 1973)
192. - 192.                Ali Dzharov
1929                       Vasily Leontyevich Volkov        (b. 1889 - d. 1939)
1929 - 1933                ....
193. - 1933                Bagatur Kasum ogly Velibekov     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1933                       Ali Mamedov
1935? - Dec 1936           Mekhti Adi Gezal ogly Mekhtiyev  (d. 1937)
193. - 1937                Gasan Ali Pasha ogly Rakhmanov
1938? - 1940               Kyazim Heidar ogly Ismailov
1940 - 1949                Huseyn Gumbat ogly Nadzhafov
1949 - 1952?               Yusif Niftaly ogly Yusifov
1952                       Pasha Mamed ogly Aliev
1952 - 1956                Ismail Nasrulla ogly Askerov     (b. 1914)
1956 - 1961                Khurshud Bayram Kulu ogly        (b. 1906 - d. 19..)
                             Mamedov                
Oct 1961 - Apr 1970        Gadzhi Aga Khalil ogly           (b. 1923)
                             Ibragimov
Apr 1970 - Dec 1975        Aslan Aga Guseyn ogly Guseynov   (b. 1916)
Dec 1975 - Dec 1983        Kamran Nabi ogly Ragimov         (b. 1928)
Dec 1983 - Nov 1988        Nuradin Elyazovich Mustafayev    (b. 1942)
Nov 1988 - Jan 1990        Heidar Isa ogly Isayev           (b. 1936)
Jan 1990 - Apr 1991        Afetdin Dzhalil ogly Dzhalilov   (b. 1946 - d. 1994)
Apr 1991 - Aug 1991        Akper Fattakh ogly Aliyev        (b. 1950)

Khans
1747 - 1764                Haydar Quli Khan
1764 - 1765                Haji Khan
1765 - 1770                Rahim Khan
1770 - 1773                Ali Quli Khan
1773 - 1781                Veli Quli Khan
1781 - 1783                Abbas Quli Khan (1st time)
1783 - 1785                Jafar Quli Khan
1785 - 1787                Süküreli Khan
1787 - 1796                Kalb `Ali Khan ibn Heydaroglu    (d. 1823)
                             (1st time)
1797 - 1801                Abbas Quli Khan (2nd time)
1801 - 1804                Kalb `Ali Khan ibn Heydaroglu    (s.a.)
                             (2nd  time)
1804                       Abbas Quli Khan (3rd time)
1804 - 1813                Kalb `Ali Khan ibn Heydaroglu    (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
1813 - 1816                Karim Khan Kangarli (1st time)
1816 - 1820                Kalb `Ali Khan ibn Heydaroglu    (s.a.)
                             (4th time)
1820                       Nezereli Khan
1820 - 1827                Karim Khan Kangarli (2nd time)
1827 - 1828                Ehsan Khan                       (b. 1789 - d. 1846)
1828 - 1834                Karim Khan Kangarli (3dr time)
President of the Republic of Araks
Oct 1918 -  3 Nov 1918     Dzhafar Quli Khan                (b. 1859 - d. af.1929) 
Governor-general
 3 Nov 1918 - Jun 1919     Dzhafar Quli Khan                (s.a.) 
Military Governors
26 Jan 1919 -  2 Apr 1919  Frederick Eastfield Laughton
 3 Apr 1919 -  1 Jun 1919  John Chalmers Simpson
1919 - 1920                ....
Chairmen of Revolutionary Committee
28 Jul 1920 - Nov 1921     Mustafa Baktashev
Nov 1921 - Mar 1922        Gasan Babayev 
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1922 - bf.1926             ....
bf.1926 - 193.             Gasan Babayev
1930 - 193.                Bagatur Kasum ogly Velibekov     (s.a.)
193. - 193.                Agamirov
1937                       Saftar Mamed ogly Dzhafarov      (b. 1900 - d. 1961)
1937 - 194.                Mamedali Ali ogly Ragimov
194. - 1950?               Dzhebrail Ibragim ogly Mamedov
1950? - 1952               ....
Sep 1952 - 1963            Gusein Kurban ogly Mamedov       (b. 1900)
1963 - Sep 1990            Sukina Abas-kyzy Aliyeva (f)     (b. 1925)
Sep 1990 - Sep 1991        Afetdin Dzhalil ogly Dzhalilov   (s.a.)
Chairmen of the Supreme Council
 5 Sep 1991 - 23 Jun 1993  Heidar Alirza ogly Aliyev        (b. 1923 - d. 2003)
 3 Jul 1993 -  4 Apr 1994  Vasif Yusuf ogly Talybov         (b. 1960)            YAP
                             (1st time) (acting)
 4 Apr 1994 - 16 Dec 1995  Natiq Hasanov                    (b. 1944)
16 Dec 1995 -              Vasif Yusuf ogly Talybov         (s.a.)               YAP
                             (2nd time) 

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
1920 - 1922                A. Kadymov
Jan 1922 -  3 May 1922     Beybut Aga Shakhtakhtinsky       (b. 1881 - d. 1924)
1925 - 1929                Gamid Gasan ogly Sultanov        (b. 1889 - d. 1937)
1929 - 1932                Teimur Magomet ogly Aliyev 
1932 - 1938                ....
Jul 1938 - 1942            Balamet Yuz Akhmed ogly Balametov
                             (1st time)
194. - 1946?               Adi Gezal Khalil ogly Gezalov
194. - 1949?               Balamet Yuz Akhmed ogly Balametov
                             (2nd time)
194. - 1953                I. Gyulmamedov
1953 - 1955                Neimat Guseinovich Novruzov      (b. 1908)
1955 - 1959                Ragim Karam ogly Ragimov         (b. 1920)
1959 - 1964                Mamed Gasan ogly Askerov         (b. 1918)
1964 - 1970                Ramazan Akper ogly Ismailov      (b. 1928)
1970 - Jan 1979            Yusif Mustafa ogly Nabiyev       (b. 1926)
Jan 1979 - May 1983        Imran Azim ogly Mekhtyev
May 1983 - Mar 1988        Salekh Gadzhiyev
Mar 1988 - Nov 1988        Heidar Isa ogly Isayev           (s.a.)
Nov 1988 - 1989            Sukina Abas-kyzy Aliyeva (f)
1989 - Jan 1990            Afetdin Dzhalil ogly Dzhalilov   (s.a.)
Sep 1990 - 1991            Mir Ismail Aliyev
Prime ministers
1991 - 1993                Bedzhan Farziliyev
1993 - 2000                Shamsaddin Guseyn ogly           (b. 1939) 
                             Khanbabayev
2000 -                     Alovsat Gazanfar ogly Bakhshiyev (b. 1956)

Party abbreviation: YAP = Yeni Azerbaycan Partiyasi (New Azerbaijan Party, nationalist, center-right, est.18 Dec 1992) 

1747                       Talysh Khanate founded.
1785 - 1789                Subordinated to the Quba Khanate.
12 Oct 1813                Annexed to Russia.
Apr 1918                   With aid of Baku Commune, Soviet rule established at Lenkoran.
Jun 1918                   After proclamation of independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan
                             the Executive Committee of Lenkoran District is founded
Aug 1918                   Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan formed which did 
                             not support independence of Azerbaijan and was under the 
                             protection of the British occupation of Baku. Mughan declared
                             to be an autonomous part of "single and indivisible Russia."
Dec 1918                   Reorganized as Mughan Territorial Administration.
25 Apr 1919                Workers' rebellion at Lenkoran deposes the Mughan Territorial
                             Administration.
15 May 1919                Extraordinary Congress of Councils of Workers' and Peasants'
                             Deputies of Lenkoran district proclaim Mughan Socialist
                             Soviet Republic.
28 Apr 1920                Integrated into Azerbaidzhan Soviet Socialist Republic.
17 Jun 1993 - 23 Aug 1993  Talysh-Mughan Republic proclaimed in seven districts
                             of southern Azerbaijan around Lankaran (not recognized).
 

Khans
1747                       Sa`id `Abbas
1747 - 1786                Jamaladdin (Gara Khan)
1786 - 26 Jul 1814         Mir Mustafa Khan                 (b. 1747 - d. 1814)
1814 - 1826                Mir Hasan Khan                   (d. 1832)
Extraordinary Commissioners
Apr 1918 - Jun 1918        M. Israfilbekov (Kadirili) 
                             (in Mughan)
                           + F. Matveyev (in Lenkoran)
Chairman of Executive Committee
Jun 1918 - Aug 1918        T.P. Sukhorukov
Dictators
Aug 1918 - Dec 1918        T.P. Sukhorukov 
                           + Ilyasheyvich
Chairman of Administration
Dec 1918 - 25 Apr 1919     Ilyasheyvich 
Chairman of the Provincial Council
1. May 1919 - 25 Jul 1919  D.D. Chirkin
Chairman of Regional Executive Committee
1. May 1919 - 25 Jul 1919  Nikolay Tutyshkin 
President of the Talysh-Mughan Republic
17 Jun 1993 - 23 Aug 1993  Alikram Hummatov                 (b. 1948)            PEP/Mil
                            (Alikram Gumbatov) 

Party abbreviations: PEP = Party for Equality of the People's of Azerbaijan (named Talysh People's Party, 1992-Mar 1993, banned Oct 1993); Mil = Military

172.                       Khanate founded.
10 Jul 1723 - 10 Mar 1735  Occupied by Russia (annexed 12 Sep 1723). 
1735 - 1747                Annexed to Persia.
 6 Oct 1806                Annexed to Russia.

Khans
172. - 1728                Dargah Quli Khan
1747 - 1768                Mirza Muhammad Khan
1768 - 1770                Fath `Ali Khan                   (b. 1736 - d. 1789) 
                             (also in Quba, Shamakha)
1770 - 1772                `Abd Allah Beg (also in Shamakha)
1772 - 1783                Malik Muhammad Khan 
1784 - 1791                Mirza Muhammad Khan 
1791 - 1792                Muhammad Quli Khan
1792 -  6 Oct 1806         Husayn Quli Khan

1747                       Khanate founded.
 3 Jan 1804                Annexed to Russia.

Khans
1747 - 1761                Shah Wardi Khan
1761 - 1781                Muhammad Hasan Khan
1781 - 1784                Ibrahim Khalil Khan
                             (also in Qarabagh)
1784 - 1786                Hajji Beg
1786 -  3 Jan 1804         al-Jawad Khan                  (b. 1748 - d. 1804)

Khan
1778? - 1789               Tala Hasan Khan

1680                       Khanate founded.
1806                       Russian protectorate.
1816                       Annexed to Russia.

Saytaq Khans
1680 - Sep 1721            Husayn (I) Khan
1721                       Ahmad Khan
1721 - 1722                Chulaq Surkhay Khan 
                             (also ruler of Qazi Qumuq in Daghestan)
1722 - 1758                Husayn `Ali Khan ibn Ahmad Khan
1758 - Mar 1789            Fath `Ali Khan                   (b. 1736 - d. 1789) 
                             (also in Baku, Shamakha)
1789 - 1791                Ahmad Khan 
1791 - 1806                Shaykh `Ali Agha 
1806 - 1816                Husayn (II) Khan

1729                       Khanate founded, under Persian suzerainty.
1782                       Incorporated into Quba.
1819                       Annexed to Russia.

Khans
1729 - 17..                Hasan Beg
1748 - 1757                Ibrahim'
1757 - 1768                Kalb `Ali Sultan
1768 - 1782                Qubad Sultan

c.1500                     Khanate founded.
1551                       Annexed to Persia.
c.1583                     Annexed to Ottoman Empire.
1761 - 1765                Part of Qazi Qumuq (Daghestan).
21 May 1805                Annexed to Russia.
 5 Aug 1819                Khanate abolished

Khan 
.... - 1743                Malik Najaf Khan
Rulers (title Bashchi)
1743 - 1755                Chalabi Khan                  (d. 1755) 
1755 - 1761                Agha Kishi Beg
1765 - 1780                Husayn Khan                   (d. 1780)
1780 - 1783                `Abd al-Qadir Khan            (d. 1783)
21 Dec 1783 - 1795         Muhammad Hasan Wali           (b. c.1758 - d. 1831)
1795 - 1806                Mustafa Salim Khan            (d. 1826)
10 Dec 1806 - Dec 1815     Ja`far Quli Khan Dumbuli
1815 -  5 Aug 1819         Isma`il Khan                  (d. 1819)

1538                       Part of Persia.
1721                       Khanate of Shirvan (Shamakha) 
1721 - 1732                Part of Russia.
1732 - 1747                Part of Persia.
1748                       Khoja Shamakha and Yeni Shamakha khanates founded.
1786                       Merged into (re-united) Shamakha.
25 Dec 1805                Annexed to Russia.
1820                       Khanate abolished.

Khans
1721 - 1728                Gaji Davud
1728 - 1734                Surkhay
1734 - 1737                Mehti Quli Khan
1737 - 17..                Ali Quli Khan
17.. - 17..                Mohammed Quli Khan
1739 - 1744                Sardar Beg Qirkhlu Afshar
1744                       Haydar Khan Afshar
1744 - 174.                Sam Mirza

Khan
1748 - 1786                Muhammad Sa`id Khan 

Khans
1748 - 1763                Muhammad `Ali Khan
1763 - 1768                Aghazi Khan (1st time)        (b. 1731 - d. 1788)
1768 - 1769                Fath `Ali Khan                (b. 1736 - d. 1789) 
                             (also in Baku, Quba)
1769 - 1770                `Abd Allah Beg (also in Baku)
1770 - 1778                Ildar Beg
1778 - 1786                Aghazi Khan (2nd time)        (s.a.)

Khans
1786 - 1789                Askar Khan                    (b. 1756 - d. 1820)
1789 - 1796                Qasim Khan                    (b. 1763 - d. 1828)
1796 - 1820                Mustafa Khan                  (b. 17.. - d. 1844)