Armenia
 

Īravān Khanate Flag c.1827	22 Feb 1828 - 22 Apr 1918	1 Aug 1918  - 2 Apr 1921
12 Nov 1923 - 25 Dec 1991	Re-adopted 24 Aug 1990

Map of Armenia Hear National Anthem "Mer Hayrenik" (Our Fatherland) National Anthem Text Adopted 1 Jul 1991 (informal 1918-1920) Constitution  (5 Jul 1995) (1918-1920 none) Capital: Yerevan (Erevan) Currency: Dram (AMD); Russian Ruble (RUR) 1991-93; Armenian Ruble (AMR) 1919-23 National Holiday: 21 Sep (1991) Ankakhut'yan Or (Independence Day) Population: 2,989,091 (2023) 720,000 (1920) GDP: $39.6 billion (2021) Exports: $5.01 billion (2021) Imports: $6.12 billion (2021) Ethnic Groups: Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.1%, other 0.8% (2022) Total Active Armed Forces: 44,800 (2021) 20,000 (1920) Russian Forces: 10,000 (2023) Merchant marine: None (2023) Religions: Armenian Apostolic Christian 95.2%, other Christian 1.6%, other 0.9%, none 0.6%, unspecified 1.7% (2022) International Organizations/Treaties 1918-1921: None; From 1991: ADB, AIIB (applicant), AL (observer), BSEC, BTWC, CD, CE, CFE, CIS, CSTO ("frozen"), CTBT, CWC, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, EITI, ENMOD, ESCR, Eutelsat, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, Moon, NAM (observer), NPT, NTBT, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, OST, PFP, SCO (dialogue partner), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Armenia Index Chronology   c.2107 BC                  Armenia (Hayastan) under the legendary Hyak                              dynasty. c.860 BC - c.590 BC        Part of Urartu (Ararat) kingdom. c.750 BC - c.612 BC        Under the suzerainty of Assyria. c.590 BC - c.553 BC        Part of Medes kingdom. c.553 BC - 331 BC          Part of Persian Empire (from c.570 part of Satrapy                              of Armenia to 201 BC). 331 BC - c.200 BC          Under the Orontid (Eruandid or Yervanduni) dynasty. c.200 BC - 189 BC          Seleucid (Syrian) occupation. 189 BC - 87 BC             Division into Armenia Major (Mets Hayk) and Armenia                               Minor (at Sophene) under the Artaxiad dynasty. 165 - 162 BC               Armenia Minor under Seleucid occupation. 87 BC                      Armenian state reunified. 41 - 47 AD                 Roman occupation. 114 - 116                  Roman occupation. 238 - 244                  Roman occupation.  252 - 256                  Occupied by Parthian (Persian) Empire. 294 - 298                  Occupied by Parthian Empire. 261 - 272                  Palmyrene occupation. 314                        Armenia adopts Christianity (traditional date 301). 423 - 428                  Interregnum. 428                        Incorporated into Parthian Empire. 635 - 697                  Incorporated into Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. 635 - 885                  Rulers from various families with style                               "Armenian Prince of Princes." 697 - 700                  Under Islamic rule. 700 - 711                  Byzantine rule restored. 711 - 885                  Under Islamic Caliphate and other Islamic powers. 885                        Independence under the Bagrationi dynasty                               (Kingdom of Armenia): five other Armenian                              polities are also founded in parallel to, or                              as successor to, the main Armenian state, they                              are: Vaspurakan (914 - 1021); Vanand (Kars)                              (962 - 1064); Siwnik (310 - 970); Lori                              (982 - 1260); and Tarawn (705-851, 858 - 968). 1045 - 1064                Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. 1064 - 1242                Under Sultanate of the Rum Saljuq Turks and                              other Islamic powers. c.1080                     Armenian state (Principality or Duchy from                               1198, Kingdom) founded in Cilicia region,                              sometimes called "Lesser" or "Little" Armenia                               (1137 - 1145 under Byzantine occupation). 1201 - 1360                Zakarid Armenia (under Georgian suzerainty to 1236                         then under Mongol and the Il-khanate). 1236 - 1256                Mongol occupation. 1256 - 1353                Part of the Il-khanate (Persia). 1375                       Kingdom of Lesser Armenia falls to the Mameluke                              Sultanate of Egypt, from 1517 part of Ottoman                               Empire (note: several European rulers                              incorporated the title "king of Armenia" into                              their royal styles after 1375). 1501                       Eastern Armenia (modern Armenia) part of Persia,                              the beylerbeylik of Chokhur Sa'ad, capital Erivan,                              established by Persia. 1582 - 1604                Yerevan (eastern Armenia) occupied and annexed by                              the Ottoman Empire, Eyalet of Erivan established. 1634 - 1636                Ottoman occupation of Erivan. 17 May 1639                Final division between Persia (east Armenia) and                               Ottoman Empire (west Armenia) in Treaty of Zuhab. 1722 - 1730                Polity of Kapan (Ghapan), uniting Armenian                              meliks of Siunik (Syunik), the south-eastern part                               of modern Armenia, into one state, in rebellion                              against both Persian (to 1727) and Ottoman                              empires. 1724 - 1736                Ottoman occupation and annexation of Erivan. 1734                       Semi-independent dynastic derebeys or "valley                               lords" established in western Ottoman Armenia. 1747                       Khanate of Īravān (Erivan) founded, part of (often                              nominally) Persia. 1808 - 1849                Ottomans gradually suppress the Armenian derebeys                              in western Armenia. 1813                       Sultanate of Shuragel (modern Gyumri), a subdivision                              of khanate of Īravān, ceded by Persia to Russia. 26 Oct 1827                Yerevan (Erivan) occupied by Russia, khanate of                              Īravān abolished. 22 Feb 1828                Eastern Armenia (Erivan) ceded to Russia by                              Persia according to Treaty of Turkmenchay. 21 Mar 1828 - 10 Apr 1840  Armenian oblast (Armyanskaya oblast') formed from                              Yerevan district and the former Khanate of                              Nakhichevan (see Azerbaijan). 1828 - 1917                Part of the Viceroyalty and other Russian regional                              administrations of the Caucasus [see under                              Georgia]).  9 Jun 1849                Russian governorate of Yerevan (Erevan)(Eryvanskaya                              guberniya)(modern Armenia and Nakhichevan)                              created. Feb 1905 - Oct 1905        Minor local rebellions as part of the Russian                              Revolution of 1905. 16 May 1915 -  7 Apr 1918  Russian occupation of western (Ottoman) Armenia;                              from Dec 1917 under Transcaucasian occupation. Jun 1916 -  7 Apr 1918     Separate administration for western Armenia                               (see under Turkey). 26 Oct 1917                Armenian National Council established in Tiflis                              (T'bilisi), Georgia (from 28 Nov 1917, subject to                              the Transcaucasian Commissariat). 22 Apr 1918 - 26 May 1918  Part (with Azerbaijan and Georgia) of Democratic                              Federative Republic of Transcaucasia                               (see under Georgia). 30 May 1918                Republic of Armenia (Hayastani Hanrapetout'youn)                         (Armenian National Council issues a proclamation                         to the Armenian people [backdated to 28 May 1918]                         which publicly declares that the Council becomes                         the "sole and highest authority" for the Armenian                         regions, but omitted any reference to geographic                         borders of an Armenian state).  4 Jun 1918 - Nov 1918     Ottoman protectorate by the Treaty of Batum (ceased                              following the Armistice of Mudros of 30 Oct 1918),                              the territory of Armenia reduced to area around                              Yerevan. Jul 1918 - Jul 1921        Zangezur region (see below), the south-eastern part                              of modern Armenia, mostly under local Armenian                              administration.  1 Jan 1919 - Aug 1919     British administration of the Armenian-Georgian                              disputed Lori Neutral Zone in Borchaly/Borchalu/                              Borchalo/Borçalı uezd.  1 Feb 1919 - 28 Aug 1919  British forces garrison Erevan (Yerevan). 28 Apr 1919                Kars region (see under South-Western Caucasus)                              transferred by the Allies (British) to Armenia. 28 May 1919                Act of United and Independent Armenia adopted, a                              formal incorporation of Kars region and                              (nominally) western (Ottoman) Armenia into the                              Armenian state. 13 Nov 1919 - 11 Feb 1921  Lori neutral zone occupied and annexed by Georgia. 19 Jan 1920                Independence de facto recognized by the Allied                              and Associated Powers. 10 May 1920 - 14 May 1920  Bolshevik rebellion in Alexandropol (Gyumri). 10 Aug 1920                Independence recognized by Soviet Russia. 10 Aug 1920                By Treaty of Sevres, the Ottoman Empire recognized                              Ottoman (Western) Armenia as part of independent                              Armenia (not ratified by the Ottoman Empire, not                              recognized by the Turkish Grand National Assembly,                              not effected). 29 Nov 1920                Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia (see below),                              proclaimed in rebellion.  2 Dec 1920                Kars region re-incorporated into Turkey by the                              Treaty of Alexandropol (occupied by Turkey from                              30 Oct 1920).  2 Dec 1920                Republic of Armenia government resigned by                              agreement, on 4 Dec 1920 the Soviet Russian troops                              entered Yerevan. 11 Feb 1921                Lori, including Manes (Alaverdi), incorporated into                              Soviet Armenia. 18 Feb 1921 -  2 Apr 1921  Anti-Soviet rebels occupy Yerevan and declare the                              restoration of Republic of Armenia (rebellion                              continued in Zangezur to 9 Jul 1921). 12 Mar 1922 - 13 Dec 1922  Part (with Azerbaijan and Georgia) of the                              Soviet Socialist Republics of Transcaucasia                              (see Georgia). 16 Mar 1921                Kars region restored to Turkey, confirmed by the                              Treaty of Moscow (reconfirmed on 13 Oct 1921 by                              the Treaty of Kars). 13 Dec 1922                Part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative                               Soviet Republic (T.S.F.S.R.)(see Georgia). 30 Dec 1922                T.S.F.S.R. founding component of the Soviet Union                             (see Russia).  5 Dec 1936                T.S.F.S.R. dissolved; Armenian S.S.R. becomes a                              full union republic. 23 Aug 1990                Republic of Armenia (Hayastani Hanrapetout'youn)                              state sovereignty declared)(alternative polity                              style Armenia [Hayastan] is endorsed by                              legislation 23 Aug 1990 - 13 Jul 1995). 21 Sep 1991                Referendum supports independence with 99.3% of vote. 23 Sep 1991                Independence declared. 26 Dec 1991                Independence effective (dissolution of U.S.S.R.). 19 Jan 1990 -              Armenia occupies the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki                              (Tigranashen) 19 Jan 1990, Barxudarlı (Barkhudarlu)                              27 Apr 1992, Sofulu 27 Apr 1992, and Ashaghı                              Eskipara (Nerkin Voskepar) 14 Jun 1992. Azerbaijan                              occupies the Armenian exclave of Artsvashen                             (Bashkend) on 4 Aug 1992.  12 May 2021 -              Azerbaijan occupies several kilometers (miles) into                              the Armenian provinces of Syunik and Gegharkunik. Provinces (since 1995) Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920-1991) Zangezur (Syunik) (1918-1921) Armenian Apostolic Church Armenian Catholic Church

Chiefs of Kapan (Ghapan)
(in rebellion, against Persian and Ottoman rule)
1722 - May 1728            Davit Bek                          (b. 1669 - d. 1728)
1728 - 1730                Mkhitar Bek                        (d. 1730)
Khans of Īravān (Erivan)
1747 – 1752                Mir Mekhti Khan
1752 - 1755                Khalil Khan
1755 - 1759                Hasan `Ali Khan                    (d. 1759)
1759 - 1783                Huseyn `Ali Khan                   (d. 1783)
1783 - 1784                Qulam `Ali Khan                    (d. 1784)
1784 - 1805                Muhammad Khan
1805 - 1806                Mekhti Qulu Khan 
1806 - Oct 1806            Ahmad Khan                         (b. 1742 - d. 1806)
1806 - 26 Oct 1827         Huseyn Qulu Khan                   (b. 1740 - d. 1831)
Russian Administrators (title Nachal’nik)
1827 - 1828                Afanasiy Ivanovich Krasovskiy      (b. 1781 - d. 1843)
                             (chairman of provisional administration)
1828 - 1830                Knyaz' Aleksandr Garsevanovich     (b. 1786 - d. 1846)
                             Chavchavadze
1830 - 1838                Knyaz' Vasiliy Osipovich Bebutov   (b. 1791 - d. 1858)
                             (= Barsegh Behbutyan)
1838 - 1839                Andrey Grigoryevich Patsovskiy     (b. 1788 - d. 1839)
1840 - 1849                part of Georgia-Imeretia governorate
Military Governors and Administrators of Civil Affairs of Yerevan Governorate
1849 - 1858                Ivan Ivanovich Nazorov             (d. 1859)
1858 - 1860                Nikolay Petrovich Kolyubakin       (b. 1810 - d. 1868)
1861 - 1864                Osip Antonovich Shcherbov-         (b. 1803 – d. 1865)
                             Nefedovich
1864 - 1869                Mikhail Ivanovich Astafyev         (b. 1821 - d. 1884)
Governors of Yerevan Governorate
20 May 1869 - 26 Jun 1873  Nikolay Nikolayevich Karmalin      (b. 1824 - d. 1900)
Jun 1873 - 1880            Mikhail Ivanovich Roslavlev        (b. 1822 - d. 1887)
 3 Apr 1880 -  3 Jan 1891  Mikhail Yakovlevich Shalikov       (b. 1831 - d. 1909)
14 Feb 1891 - 28 Nov 1895  Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Freze     (b. 1840 - d. 1918)
 3 Mar 1896 - 1916         Graf Vladimir Fyodorovich fon      (b. 1844 - d. 1919)
                             Tizengauzen
1916 - Mar 1917            Arkadiy Yevgenyevich Strel'bitskiy (b. 18.. - d. 1926)
Commissar of Yerevan Governorate
c.Feb 1918                 Sahak Torosyan                     (b. 1885 - d. 1940)  HHD
Chairman of the Armenian National Council
26 Oct 1917 -  1 Aug 1918  Avetis Arakeli Aharonyan           (b. 1866 - d. 1949)  HHD
                             (in Tiflis, Georgia to 19 Jul 1918)
26 Oct 1917 - 19 Jul 1918  Aram Haroutyouni Manoukyan         (b. 1879 – d. 1919)  HHD
                             (special representative, in Yerevan acting for Aharonyan)
Chairman of the Council of Armenia
(Council was adjourned sine die 4 Jun 1919 and was superseded by the Parliament)
 1 Aug 1918 -  1 Aug 1919  Avetik Hovhannesi Sahakyan         (b. 1863 - d. 1933)  HHD
 4 Jun 1919 -  1 Aug 1919  authority of the Council transferred
                           to Cabinet of Ministers
Presidents of Parliament
 1 Aug 1919 -  5 Aug 1919  Avetik Hovhannesi Sahakyan (acting)(s.a.)               HHD
 5 Aug 1919 -  4 Nov 1920  Avetis Arakeli Aharonyan           (s.a.)               HHD
                             (exercised functions of diplomatic representation abroad)
- vice presidents of the Parliament acting for the absent president -
 5 Aug 1919 - 10 Aug 1919  Sarkis Shahnazari Araratyan        (b. 1886 - d. 1943)  HHD 
 5 Aug 1919 -  4 Nov 1920  Levon Seghbosi Shant               (b. 1869 - d. 1951)  HHD
                             (absent from Armenia to 8 Dec 1919)
10 Aug 1919 - 16 Sep 1919  Hovsep Hovhannesi Arghutyan        (b. 1862 - d. 1925)  HHD
                             (acting)
16 Sep 1919 -  4 Nov 1919  Sirakan Fadeyi Tigranyan           (b. 1875 - d. 1947)  HHD
 6 Nov 1919 -  4 Nov 1920  Avetik Hovhannesi Sahakyan         (s.a.)               HHD
President of Parliament
 4 Nov 1920 -  2 Dec 1920  Hovhannes Roubeni Kajaznuni        (b. 1868 - d. 1937)  HHD    
                             (Kachaznuni) 
Chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee
10 May 1920 - 14 May 1920  Avetis (Akop) Sogomonovich         (b. 1896 - d. 1937)  RKP
                             Nuridzhanyan
                            (in rebellion in Alexandropol [Gymri])
Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces
 2 Dec 1920 -  4 Dec 1920  Drastamat "Dro" Martirosi Kanayan  (b. 1884 - d. 1956)  Mil/HHD
Chairman of the Committee for the Salvation of the Fatherland
18 Feb 1921 - 21 Apr 1921  Simeon Nazari Vratsyan             (b. 1882 - d. 1969)  HHD
                             (in Yerevan to 2 Apr 1921, then in dissidence in Zangezur)
Chairman of the Government of Armenia
21 Apr 1921 -  9 Jul 1921  Simeon Nazari Vratsyan             (s.a.)               HHD
                             (in dissidence, in Zangezur)
Chairman of the Supreme Council
 4 Aug 1990 - 11 Nov 1991  Levon Hakobi Ter-Petrosyan         (b. 1945)            HHSh
Presidents
11 Nov 1991 -  4 Feb 1998  Levon Hakobi Ter-Petrosyan         (s.a.)               Non-party
 4 Feb 1998 -  9 Apr 2008  Robert Sedraki Kocharyan           (b. 1954)            Non-party
                             (acting to 9 Apr 1998)
 9 Apr 2008 -  9 Apr 2018  Serzh Azati Sargsyan               (b. 1954)            HHK
 9 Apr 2018 -  1 Feb 2022  Armen Vardani Sargsyan             (b. 1953)            Non-party
 1 Feb 2022 - 13 Mar 2022  Alen Roberti Simonyan (acting)     (b. 1980)            KP
13 Mar 2022 -              Vahagn Garrniki Khachaturyan       (b. 1959)            Non-party

Prime Ministers (literally Chief Ministers)
 7 Jun 1918 -  7 Aug 1919  Hovhannes Roubeni Kajaznuni        (s.a.)               HHD
                             (Kachaznuni) (in Tiflis, Georgia to
                             19 Jul 1918; abroad on a diplomatic
                             mission from 28 May 1919)
28 May 1919 -  5 May 1920  Aleksandr Hovhannesi Khatisyan     (b. 1876 - d. 1945)  HHD
                             (acting for Kachaznuni to 7 Aug 1919)
 5 May 1920 - 23 Nov 1920  Hamazasp Ohandjanyan (Ohandzhanyan)(b. 1873 - d. 1947)  HHD
23 Nov 1920 -  2 Dec 1920  Simeon Nazari Vratsyan             (b. 1882 - d. 1969)  HHD 
Chairman of the Committee for the Salvation of Fatherland
18 Feb 1921 - 21 Apr 1921  Simeon Nazari Vratsyan             (s.a.)               HHD
Chairman of the Government of Armenia
21 Apr 1921 - Jul 1921     Simeon Nazari Vratsyan             (s.a.)               HHD
                            (in opposition to the authorities of Armenia Soviet
                             Republic, on the territory of modern Syunik province)
Prime ministers
13 Aug 1990 - 25 Sep 1991  Vazgen Mikayeli Manukyan           (b. 1946)         HHSh;1991 AZhM
26 Sep 1991 - 22 Nov 1992  Hrant Ararati Bagratyan            (b. 1958)            HHSh
                             (1st time)(acting)
22 Nov 1991 - 30 Jul 1992  Gagik Garushi Harutyunyan          (b. 1948)            Non-party
30 Jul 1992 -  2 Feb 1993  Khosrov Meliki Harutyunyan         (b. 1948)            Non-party
 2 Feb 1993 -  4 Nov 1996  Hrant Ararati Bagratyan            (s.a.)               HHSh
                             (2nd time)(acting to 12 Feb 1993)
 4 Nov 1996 - 20 Mar 1997  Armen Vardani Sargsyan             (s.a.)               Non-party
20 Mar 1997 - 10 Apr 1998  Robert Sedraki Kocharyan           (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (1st time)
10 Apr 1998 - 11 Jun 1999  Armen Razmiki Darbinyan            (b. 1965)            Non-party
11 Jun 1999 - 27 Oct 1999  Vazgen Zaveni Sargsyan             (b. 1959 - d. 1999)  HHK
29 Oct 1999 -  3 Nov 1999  Robert Sedraki Kocharyan           (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 3 Nov 1999 -  2 May 2000  Aram Zaveni Sargsyan               (b. 1961)            HHK
 2 May 2000 - 12 May 2000  Robert Sedraki Kocharyan           (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (3rd time) (acting)
12 May 2000 - 25 Mar 2007  Andranik Nahapeti Margaryan        (b. 1951 - d. 2007)  HHK
26 Mar 2007 -  9 Apr 2008  Serzh Azati Sargsyan               (s.a.)               HHK 
                             (acting to 4 Apr 2007)
 9 Apr 2008 - 13 Apr 2014  Tigran Sureni Sargsyan             (b. 1960)            HHK
13 Apr 2014 - 13 Sep 2016  Hovik Argami Abrahamyan            (b. 1958)            HHK
13 Sep 2016 - 17 Apr 2018  Karen Vilhelmi Karapetyan          (b. 1963)            HHK
                             (1st time) (acting from 9 Apr 2018)
17 Apr 2018 - 23 Apr 2018  Serzh Azati Sargsyan               (s.a.)               HHK
23 Apr 2018 -  8 May 2018  Karen Vilhelmi Karapetyan          (s.a.)               HHK
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 8 May 2018 -              Nikol Vovayi Pashinyan             (b. 1975)            KP
                             (acting 16 Oct 2018 - 14 Jan 2019)
26 Nov 2018 -  5 Dec 2018  Ararat Samveli Mirzoyan            (b. 1979)            KP
                             (acting for Pashinyan) 

Allied Occupation

Allied High Commissioner to Armenia
 5 Jul 1919 -  1 Aug 1920  William Nafew Haskell, Jr. (U.S.)  (b. 1878 - d. 1952)  Mil
British Military Representatives, Erevan (Yerevan)
 1 Feb 1919 -  2 Mar 1919  Verney Asser                       (b. 1873 - d. 1944)  Mil
 2 Mar 1919 - 28 Apr 1919  Clive Errington Temperley          (b. 1893? - d. 1956) Mil
28 Apr 1919 - 12 Jun 1919  Keith Maitland Davie               (b. 1868 - d. 19..)  Mil
12 Jun 1919 - 28 Aug 1919  John Chicheley Plowden             (b. 1891 - d. 1963)  Mil

British Commissioner-general of Lori Neutral Zone (at Manes [Alaverdi])
 1 Jan 1919 - Aug 1919     Archibald Sholto George Douglas    (b. 1896 - d. 1981)  Mil
                             (acting to 27 Jan 1919)

Territorial Disputes: Local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders; as of 2023, Turkey and Armenia were discussing normalizing relations; Georgians restrict Armenian access into Samtse-Javakheti ethnic Armenian areas; Armenia has made no claims to the region; residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan; tensions existed for years over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan; Azerbaijan seized part of the enclave during six weeks of fighting in 2020 and the remainder in a short conflict in Sep 2023; in Oct 2023, Baku and Yerevan began preliminary discussions on a peace treaty, the demarcation of borders, and full normalization of relations; nevertheless, concerns persist in Armenia that Azerbaijan could invade in order to force the establishment of a transit corridor to the exclave of Naxicvan (Nakhichevan).

Party abbreviations: AZhM = Azgayin Zhoghovrdavarakan Miutyun (National Democratic Union Armenia, centrist, split from HHSh, est.1991); HHD = Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutyun (Armenian Revolutionary Federation, "Dashnak", democratic socialist, Armenian nationalist, anti-communist, est.1890, banned 1920-90 and 1994-98, in exile 1920-1990); HHK = Hayastani Hanrapetakan Kusaktsutyun (Republican Party of Armenia, national conservative, republican, nationalist, est.2 Apr 1990); HKK = Hayastani Komunistakan Kusaktsutyun/ Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Armenii (Armenian Communist Party, Marxist-Leninist communist, 1920-1990 state party, to 13 Oct 1952 named Communist Party [Bolsheviks] of Armenia, Nov 1990 split from Communist Party of Soviet Union, 1920-1991, re-est.29 Jul 1991); KP = Kaghakatsiakan Paymanagir (Civil Contract, centerist, liberal, pro-European, civil movement from 9 Dec 2013, HHK and Serzh Sarkisyan opposition, est.30 May 2015); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: HHSh = Hayots Hamazgayin Sharzhum (Pan-Armenian National Movement, liberal,  liberal nationalist, centrist, anti-communist, 20 Feb 1988-23 Feb 2013); RKP = Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, former RSDRP-B, 8 Mar 1918-31 Dec 1925, renamed VKP)

29 Nov 1920                Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia (Hayastani Soc'ialistakan
                             Xorhrdayin Hanrapetout'youn/Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya
                             Respublika Armeniya) proclaimed (in rebellion).
 2 Dec 1920                Republic of Armenia government resigned by agreement, on 4 Dec 1920
                             the Soviet Russian troops entered Yerevan.
18 Feb 1921 -  2 Apr 1921  Anti-Soviet rebels (see above) occupied Yerevan.
16 Mar 1921                Kars region restoration to Turkey confirmed by the Treaty of Moscow
                             (confirmed on 13 Oct 1921 by the Treaty of Kars).
30 Nov 1921                Union Treaty with the Russian S.F.S.R.
12 Mar 1922 - 13 Dec 1922  Part of the Soviet Socialist Republics of Transcaucasia
                             (see under Georgia).
13 Dec 1922 -  5 Dec 1936  Part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet
                             Republic (see under Georgia).
 3 Apr 1927?               Armenian Socialist Soviet Republic (Haykakan Soc'ialistakan
                             Xorhrdayin Hanrapetout'youn/Armyanskaya Sotsialisticheskaya
                             Sovetskaya Respublika).
 5 Dec 1936                Accession individually to the Soviet Union (see under Russia).
 5 Dec 1936                Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Haykakan Xorhrdayin
                             Soc'ialistakan Hanrapetout'youn; 1940: Haykakan Sovetakan
                             Soc'ialistakan Ṙespoublika; 1966: Haykakan Sovetakan
                             Soc'ialistakan Hanrapetout'youn; 25 Jun 1989: Haykakan Xorhrdayin
                             Soc'ialistakan Hanrapetout'youn/Armyanskaya Sovetskaya
                             Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika).
 1 Dec 1989                Unification of the Armenian S.S.R. and the Nagorno-Karabakh
                             Autonomous Oblast is proclaimed by a joint session
                             of the Supreme Soviet of the Armenian S.S.R. and the National
                             Council of Nagorno-Karabakh (see under Azerbaijan)(not recognized
                             by Azerbaijan S.S.R. or Soviet Union, not effected).
23 Aug 1990                Republic of Armenia

Executive Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
(Bolsheviks) of Armenia (HHK)
10 Sep 1920 - 19 May 1921  Gevork Sarkisovich Alikhanyan       (b. 1897 - d. 1938)
19 May 1921 - 29 Apr 1922  Sergey Lukyanovich Lukashin         (b. 1885 - d. 1937)
                             (Sarkis Srapionyan)
Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Armenia (HHK)
29 Apr 1922 - Mar 1923     Askanaz Artemyemvich Mravyan        (b. 1886 - d. 1929)
First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
(Bolsheviks) of Armenia (HHK)(from 13 Oct 1952, Armenian Communist Party)
Mar 1923 -  6 Jul 1927     Ashot Gareginovich Hovhannisyan     (b. 1887 - d. 1972)
 6 Jul 1927 -  8 Apr 1928  Haik Aleksandrovich Osepyan         (b. 1891 - d. 1937)
 8 Apr 1928 -  7 May 1930  Aykaz Arkadyevich (Arshakovich)     (b. 1897 - d. 1938)
                             Kostanyan       
 7 May 1930 -  9 Jul 1936  Agasi Gevondovich Khandzhan         (b. 1901 - d. 1936)
13 Jul 1936 - 21 Sep 1937  Amatuni Semyonovich Vartapetyan     (b. 1900 - d. 1938)
                             (Amatuni Semyonovich Amatouni)
24 Sep 1937 - 12 Mar 1953  Grigoriy Artyomovich Arutyunov      (b. 1900 - d. 1957)
                             (Arutyunyan)
                             (acting to 6 Jun 1938)
12 Mar 1953 - 28 Dec 1960  Suren Akopovich Tovmasyan           (b. 1910 - d. 1980)
28 Dec 1960 -  5 Feb 1966  Yakov Nikitovich Zarobyan           (b. 1903 - d. 1980)
 5 Feb 1966 - 27 Nov 1974  Anton Ervandovich Kochinyan         (b. 1913 - d. 1989)
27 Nov 1974 - 21 May 1988  Karen Serobovich Demirchyan         (b. 1932 - d. 1999)
21 May 1988 -  6 Apr 1990  Suren Gurgenovich Arutyunyan        (b. 1939 - d. 2019)
 6 Apr 1990 - 30 Nov 1990  Vladimir Migranovich Movsisyan      (b. 1933 - d. 2014)
30 Nov 1990 - 14 May 1991  Stepan Karapetovich Pogosyan        (b. 1932 - d. 2012)
14 May 1991 -  7 Sep 1991  Aram Gasparovich Sarkisyan          (b. 1949)
                            (moves to multi-party elections May 1990)

Chairmen of the Military Revolutionary Committee
29 Nov 1920 - 5? May 1921  Sarkis Ivanovich Kasyan             (b. 1876 - d. 1937)  HKK
                             (at Dilijan to 4 Dec 1920, at Ararat Feb 1921 - Apr 1921)
5? May 1921 - 21 May 1921  Aleksandr Fyodorovich Miasnikyan    (b. 1886 - d. 1925)  HKK
21 May 1921 -  2 Feb 1922  authority of the Committee transferred to
                           the Council of People's Commissars
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
 2 Feb 1922 - 23 Jun 1925  Sarkis Saakovich Ambartsumyan       (b. 1870 - d. 1944)  HKK
23 Jun 1925 -  7 Jul 1928  Artashes Balasyevich Karinyan       (b. 1886 - d. 1982)  HKK
 7 Jul 1928 - 18 Feb 1931  Sarkis Ivanovich Kasyan             (s.a.)               HKK
18 Feb 1931 - 23 Apr 1933  Armenek Artyomovich Ananyan         (b. 1896 - d. 1958)  HKK
23 Apr 1933 - 17 Nov 1936  Sergo Nikolayevich Martikyan        (b. 1874 - d. 1957)  HKK
17 Nov 1936 -28/9 Jul 1937 Gevorg Saribekovich Anesoglyan      (b. 1891 - d. 1938)  HKK
28/9 Jul 1937-  6 Oct 1937 Bakhshi Arshakovich Nersesyan       (b. 1898 - d. 1959)  HKK
                             (acting)
 6 Oct 1937 - 12 Jul 1938  Matsak Petrosovich Papyan (acting)  (b. 1901 - d. 1962)  HKK
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
12 Jul 1938 - 13 Jul 1938  Khachik Misakovich Akopdzhanyan     (b. 1902 - d. 1944)  HKK
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
13 Jul 1938 -  1 Apr 1954  Matsak Petrosovich Papyan           (s.a.)               HKK
 1 Apr 1954 -  3 Apr 1963  Shmalon Minasovich Arushanyan       (b. 1903 - d. 1982)  HKK
 3 Apr 1963 -  3 Jul 1975  Nagush Khachaturovich Arutyunyan    (b. 1912 - d. 1993)  HKK
 3 Jul 1975 -  6 Dec 1985  Babken Yesayevich Sarkisov          (b. 1913 - d. 1999)  HKK
 6 Dec 1985 -  4 Aug 1990  Grant Mushegovich Voskanyan         (b. 1924 - d. 2005)  HKK
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
 4 Aug 1990 - 11 Nov 1991  Levon Akopovich Ter-Petrosyan       (b. 1945)            HHSh

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
21 May 1921 - 21 May 1922  Aleksandr Fyodorovich Miasnikyan    (s.a.)               HKK
21 May 1922 - 24 Jun 1925  Sergey Lukyanovich Lukashin         (s.a.)               HKK
                             (Sarkis Srapionyan)  
24 Jun 1925 - 22 Mar 1928  Sarkis Saakovich Ambartsumyan       (s.a.)               HKK
                             (1st time) 
22 Mar 1928 - 10 Feb 1935  Sahak Mirzoyevich Ter-Gabrielyan    (b. 1886 - d. 1937)  HKK
10 Feb 1935 - Feb 1937     Abram Abramovich Guloyan            (b. 1893 - d. 1938)  HKK
Mar 1937 - May 1937        Sarkis Saakovich Ambartsumyan       (s.a.)               HKK
                             (2nd time) 
May 1937 - 21 Sep 1937     Stepan Yegorovich Akopov (Akopyan)  (b. 1897 - d. 1938)  HKK
23 Nov 1937 - Oct 1943     Aram Sergeyevich Piruzyan           (b. 1907 - d. 1996)  HKK
Oct 1943 - 1946            Agasi Solomonovich Sarkisyan        (b. 1905 - d. 1985)  HKK
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
1946 - 29 Mar 1947         Agasi Solomonovich Sarkisyan        (s.a.)               HKK 
29 Mar 1947 - Nov 1952     Saak Karapetovich Karapetyan        (b. 1906 - d. 1987)  HKK
20 Nov 1952 -  5 Feb 1966  Anton Ervandovich Kochinyan         (s.a.)               HKK
 5 Feb 1966 - 21 Nov 1972  Badal Amayakovich Muradyan          (b. 1915 - d. 1991)  HKK
21 Nov 1972 - 28 Nov 1976  Grigoriy Agafonovich Arzumanyan     (b. 1919 - d. 1976)  HKK
28 Nov 1976 - 17 Jan 1977  Gerasim Aramaisovich Martirosyan    (b. 1926 - d. 1993)  HKK
                             (acting)
17 Jan 1977 - 16 Jan 1989  Fadey Tachatovich Sarkisyan         (b. 1923 - d. 2010)  HKK
16 Jan 1989 - 13 Aug 1990  Vladimir Surenovich Markaryants     (b. 1934 - d. 2000)  HHK
13 Aug 1990 - 25 Sep 1991  Vazgen Mikayelovich Manukyan        (b. 1946)            HHSh;1991
                                                                                    AZhM

Party abbreviations: AZhM = Azgayin Zhoghovrdavarakan Miutyun (National Democratic Union Armenia, centrist, split from HHSh, est.1991); HKK = Hayastani Komunistakan Kusaktsutyun/ Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Armenii (Armenian Communist Party, Marxist-Leninist communist, 1920-1990 state party, to 13 Oct 1952 named Communist Party [Bolsheviks] of Armenia, Nov 1990 split from Communist Party of Soviet Union, 1920-1991, re-est.29 Jul 1991); HHSh = Hayots Hamazgayin Sharzhum (Pan-Armenian National Movement, liberal, liberal nationalist, centrist, anti-communist, 20 Feb 1988-23 Feb 2013)