Montenegro
-
-
to 3 Mar 1878
-
-
|
-
-
1763 - 1773 Prince's Flag
3 Mar 1878 - 1880
Merchant Flag
|
-
1852 - 1861 Prince's Flag
-
-
|
-
1861 - 1878,
1910 - 28 Nov 1918 Royal Flag
-
|
-
-
1879 - 1880 Civil Ensign
-
|
-
-
1880 - 1881 Civil Ensign
-
|
- 1881 - 29 Nov
1918, Jul 1941 Civil Ensign
-
|
-
-
1910 - 29 Nov 1918 State Flag
-
|
-
- 1 Dec 1918
- 17 Apr 1941, 4 Dec 1943 - 31 Dec
1946
-
|
-
-
31 Dec 1946 - 21 Dec 1993
-
|
-
-
21 Dec 1993 - 12 Jul
2004
-
|
-
-
Adopted 12 Jul 2004
|
|
Map
of Montenegro
|
Hear
National Anthem
"Oj, Svijetla
Majska Zoro"
(O' The Bright Dawn of
May)
Adopted 12 Jul 2004
|
Hear
Former Anthem
"Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori"
(To Our Beautiful
Montenegro)
(1870-1918)
|
Constitution
(22
Oct 2007)
------------------------------------
1992
Constitution
(12 Oct 1992 - 22 Oct
2007)
|
Capital:
Podgorica
(Titograd 1946-1992;
Cetinje
1482-1946;
Obod 1475-1482;
Zabljak
1474-1475;
Bar [Antivari]
1403-1408;
Ulcinj [Olcinium]
1385-1403;
Skadar [Shkoder]
1042-1385
and 1408-1474;
Prapratna
to 1042)
Historic
Capital: Cetinje
(from 12 Oct 1992)
|
Currency:
Euro (EUR)
German Mark (DEM)
2 Nov 1999 - 28
Feb 2002;
Yugoslav Dinar
(YUD)
1918- 1999;
Montenegro
Perper (MEP)
1852-1918
|
National
Holiday: 13 Jul (1878)
National Day
|
Population:
657,394 (2012)
615,035 (1991)
311,341 (1921)
436,800 (1918)
|
|
GDP: $6.95
billion (2011)
|
Exports:
$600 million (2011)
Imports: $2.5
billion (2011)
|
Ethnic groups:
Montenegrin 43.16%, Serbs
31.99%,
Bosniaks 7.77%,
Albanian 5.03%, Slavic
Muslim 3.97%,
Croat 1.10%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.42%,
Yugoslav 0.30%,
others 4.69% (2003)
|
Total
Active Armed Forces: 13,127 (2010)
37,000 (1914)
Merchant marine:
2 ships (2010)
(22 ships [1909]) |
Religions:
Montenegrin and Serbian Orthodox
74.24%,
Muslim 17.74%,
Roman Catholic 3.54%, Protestant 0.06%
other
0.39%, nonreligious and atheist 3.2%
(2003)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: before
1918: ICRM, ITU, PCA, UPU; from
2006: APM, BSEC (dialogue
partner), BIS (candidate), BTWC, CCM,
CE, CEFTA, CEI, CTBT, CWC, DC
(observer), EAPC, EBRD, ESCR, EU (candidate), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt,
ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending),
ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM,
IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO
(correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP,
MIGA, NAM (observer), NPT, NTBT, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PAM, PCA, PFP,
SECP, SELEC, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNDP,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU,
WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|
Montenegro
Index
|
Chronology
- mid 9th
cent.
Principality of Dioclea (Duklja)
located
-
in present-day Montenegro, a
Byzantine vassal.
- c.1030
First reliable mention of the state
of Zeta,
-
encompassing the region of Brda and
a small
-
part of present-day Montenegrin
coast.
- Aug 1036 - Dec
1037
Byzantine occupation.
1042
Kotor (Cattaro) and Skadar
(Shkodër/Scutari) areas
form the independent state of Zeta.
1077
The Pope sends a crown to Prince
Mihajlo as
"King of Dioclea" (Rex Docleae)
recognizing the
independence of Kingdom of Zeta.-
1091 -
1101
Byzantine occupation.
- 1189 -
1356
Incorporated into the Serbian
Empire.
- 1296
Name Crna Gora (Montenegro)
mentioned for the
-
first time in a charter of St.
Nicholas'
-
monastery.
- 1356 -
1421
Zeta Vojvodstvo
(Voivodeship).
- 28 Apr 1421 - 1435
Zeta under Serbian ruler
Stefan Lazarevic who
-
passed rule to Djuradj Brankovic in
1427.
- c.1430
Name Crna Gora (Montenegro) in
general use
- 1474
Skadar (capital of Montenegro) falls
to Ottomans.
- 1479 -
1481
Ottoman occupation.
- 1496
Montenegro falls under Ottoman
suzerainty.
- Nov 1496 -
1498
Ottoman occupation.
- 1499 -
1503
Venetian-Ottoman war; tribal anarchy
in
Montenegro.- 1513 -
1528
Montenegro a Sanjak of Ottoman
Empire.
- 1516
Prince Djuradj V Crnojevic abdicates
in favor of
-
the Vladika.
- 20 Sep 1692 - 1692
Ottoman
occupation of Cetinje.
- 1799
Sultan Selim III renounces Ottoman
suzerainty
-
over Montenegro.
- 28 Feb 1806 - 12 Aug 1807
Allied to Russians during Napoleonic
wars,
Petar I occupies Boka Kotorska
(Cattaro).
11 Sep 1813 - 10 Jun 1814
Montenegro administers the Boka Kotorska.
13 Mar
1852
Principality of Montenegro
30 Mar
1856
By Treaty of Paris, Ottomans forced to
abandon
claim to Montenegro.
3 Mar
1878
By Treaty of San Stefano, Ottomans
recognize
the independence of Montenegro.-
13 Jul
1878
Independence recognized by the
Congress
-
of Berlin; Montenegro acquires Bar
(Antivari)
Ulcinj and Podgorica.- 13
Jul 1878 - 10 Aug 1913
Austria-Hungary occupies the Sanjak
of Novi
-
Pazar, however remains part of the
Ottoman
-
Empire.
- 28 Aug
1910
Kingdom of Montenegro
- 23 Apr
1913 - 6 May 1913
Montenegro occupies Shkodër
(Skadar).
- 10 Aug
1913
Sanjak of Novi Pazar partitioned
between Serbia
-
and Montenegro (Montenegro gets
Pljevlja, Bijelo
-
Polje, Berane, Plav, Rozaje and
Metohija [Pec]).
- 14 Jun 1915 - 23 Jan 1916
Montenegro
occupies Shkodër.
- 17 Jan 1916 - Oct
1918
Occupied by Austria-Hungary (in
Cetinje from
-
15 Jan 1916).
- 20 Jul
1917
Corfu Declaration declares
Montenegro unified
-
with Serbia.
- 26 Nov
1918
Unification with Serbia
proclaimed.
- 1 Dec
1918
Merged into what became Yugoslavia
(see Serbia).
- 11 Dec
1920
By Treaty of Rapallo Allies
recognizes de facto
-
union with Serbia.
- 13 Jul
1921
Paris Ambassadors conference
recognizes de jure
-
union with Serbia.
- 4 Oct
1929
Part of the Banovina of Zeta (Zetska
Banovina).
- 17 Apr 1941 - 10 Sep
1943 Occupied by Italy (see
commanders under Albania).
- 12 Jul 1941 - 24 Jul 1941
Independence of the Montenegrin
state as a
constitutional monarchy declared
(under Italian
protectorate) exiled King Mihajlo I
refuses -
the throne, the Montenegrin crown is
offered to
-
Prince Roman Romanov of Russia (b.
1896 - d.
-
1978) who also refuses.
- 13 Jul 1941 - Jul
1941
Partisan uprising in Montenegro, in
next few days
almost all Montenegro liberated
(except Podgorica,
Cetinje, Niksic, and Pljevlja).-
10 Sep 1943 - 18 Dec 1944
Occupied by Germany (in Kotor to 21
Nov 1944,
-
Budva to 22 Nov 1944, Podgorica to
18 Dec 1944).
- 29 Nov
1943
Re-incorporation into Yugoslavia
declared
-
(see under Serbia).
- 29 Nov
1945
Part of Federative People's Republic
of
-
Yugoslavia (People's Republic of
Montenegro).
- 7 Apr
1963
Socialist Republic of Montenegro
- 12 Oct
1992
Republic of Montenegro
- 4 Mar 2003 - 3 Jun
2006 Part of Serbia and
Montenegro (a loose
-
confederation)(see
under Serbia).
- 21 May
2006
Independence referendum approved
55.5% to 44.5%.
- 3 Jun
2006
Independence declared (Republic
of Montenegro).
- 8 Jun
2006
Independence recognized by Serbia
(formally from
-
15 Jun 2006).
- 22 Oct 2007
Montenegro
|
Socialist
Republic of
Montenegro
(1945-1991)
|
Kingdom in Exile
(1917-1922)
|
Boka Kotorska
(Cattaro)
(1420-1814,
1941-1943)
|
Montenegrin
Orthodox Church
|
Montenegrin
Orthodox Church
(Schismatic
from 1993)
|
Ethnic map of
Montenegro
(2002)
|
Historical
Maps
of
Montenegro
|
| |
|
-
Princes
c.900
Petrislav I
... -
...
Predimir
- jointly with -
... -
...
Hvalimir I
- jointly with -
... -
...
Boleslav
- jointly with -
... -
...
Dragislav
- jointly with -
... -
...
Svevlad
- jointly with -
... -
...
Legec
9.. -
9..
Silvester
9.. -
9..
Tugomir
9.. -
971
Hvalimir II
971 -
996
Petrislav II
996 - 4 Jun
1016
Jovan Vladimir
II
(d. 1016)
4 Jun 1016 - 23 Apr 1034 Dragomir
I
(d. 1040)
23 Apr 1034 - Aug 1036 Stefan
Vojislav (1st
time)
(d. 1052)
(Dobroslav I)
Aug 1036 - Dec
1037 Byzantine
rule
Dec 1037 -
1052
Stefan Vojislav (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1052 -
1077
Stefan
Mihajlo
(b. 1042 - d. 1081)
1052 -
1054
Neda (f) -Regent
Kings
1077 -
1081
Stefan Mihajlo
I
(s.a.)
1081 -
1091
Konstantin
Bodin
(d. 1101)
1091 -
1101
Byzantine rule
1101 -
1102
Mihajlo II
- jointly with -
1101 -
1102
Dobroslav II
1102
Dobroslav III
1102 -
1103
Kocapar
1103 -
1113
Vladimir
II
(d. 1114)
1113 -
1118
Djordje (1st
time)
(d. 1135)
1118 -
1125
Grubesa
(d. 1125)
1125 -
1127
Djordje (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1127 -
1146
Gradinja
(d. 1146)
1146 -
1162
Radoslav
(d. 1162)
1162 - Jan
1186
Mihajlo
III
(d. 1186)
Kings (as Serbian Viceroys of Zeta)
Jan 1186 -
1190
Stefan
Nemanja
(b. 1113 - d. 1199)
1190 - May
1208
Stefan Vukan
Nemanjic
(d. 1208)
May 1208 -
1248
Djordje
Nemanjic
(d. 1248)
1248 -
1276
Stefan Nemanjic
1276 -
1309
Jelena of Anjou -Queen
(d. 1314)
1309 -
1314
Stefan Uros III
Decani
(b. 1274 - d. 1331)
1314 -
1322
Stefan
Konstantin
(d. 1322)
1322 -
1331
Stefan Uros IV Dusan "the Mighty" (b. 1308 - d.
1355)
Princes
1356 -
1362
Balsa I
Balsic
(d. 1362)
1362 -
1372
Stracimir
(d. 1372/73)
- jointly with the following -
1362 - 13 Jan
1378
Djuradj
I
(d. 1379)
1362 - 18 Sep
1385
Balsa
II
(d. 1385)
30 Sep 1385 -
1417
Rudjina -Princess
(d. 1422)
- jointly with the following -
30 Sep 1385 - Mar 1391 Komnina
Ksenija -Princess
- jointly with the following -
Mar 1391 -
1414
Mrksa
Zarkovic
(d. 1414)
- jointly with the following -
30 Sep 1385 - Apr 1403 Djuradj
II Stracimirovic Balsic (d.
1403)
Apr 1403 - 10 May 1421 Balsa
III
(b. 1387 - d. 1421)
Apr 1403 -
1405
Jelena-Jela
Lazarevic-
(b. 1366 - d. 1443)
Balsic (f) -Regent
Serbian governors
28 Apr 1421 -
1427
Despot Stefan
Lazarevic
(b. 1374 - d. 1427)
1427 - 1435
Despot Djuradj Brankovic
(b. 1375 - d. 1456)
Grand Voivodes
1426 - Jan
1465
Stefan I
Crnojevic
(d. 1465)
Jan 1465 -
1479
Ivan-beg I Crnojevic (1st time) (d.
1490)
1479 -
1481
Ottoman rule
1481 - Jul
1490
Ivan-beg I Crnojevic (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jul 1490 - Nov
1496 Djuradj
IV
Crnojevic
(d. 1504)
Nov 1496 -
1498
Ottoman rule
1496 -
1499
Stefan II
Crnojevic
(d. 1499)
1499 -
1515
Ivan II
1515 -
1516
Djuradj V Crnojevic
Sanjak Bey
1513 -
1528
Stanisa (Skender-beg) Crnojevic (d.
1531)
Bishops (Vladikas) and Governors¹
1516 -
1520
Vavila (vladika from 1493)
1520 -
1530
German II
1530 -
1532
Pavle
1532 -
1540
Vasilije I
1540
Nikodim
1540 -
1559
Romil
1560 -
1561
Makarije
1561 -
1569
Ruvim I
1569 -
1579
Pahomije II Komanin
1575 -
1582
Gerasim
1582 -
1591
Venijamin
1591 -
1593
Nikanor
- jointly with -
1591 -
1593
Stefan
1593 - 1637
Ruvim II Boljevic-Njegos
1637 -
1639
Vacant
1639 -
1649
Mardarije I Kornecanin
1649 -
1659
Visarion II Kolinovic
1659 -
1673
Mardarije II Kornecanin
1673 -
1685
Ruvim III
Boljevic
(d. 1685)
1685
Vasilije II Velikrasic
1685 -
1692
Visarion II Borilovic-Bajica (d.
1692)
1692 -
1694
Vacant
1694 - 1697
Sava I Kaludjerovic
(Kaludericic) (b. 1612? - d.
1697)
- Jul 1697 - 22 Jan
1735 Danilo I
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1675 - d. 1735)
- 22 Jan 1735 - 9 Mar 1781 Sava II
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1700 - d. 1781)
-
- jointly with following -
- 1750 - 21 Mar
1766
Vasilije
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1709 - d. 1766)
- Oct 1767 - 9 Oct
1773 Scepan "Mali" ("the
Short") (b.
c.1734 - d. 1773)
-
(false Russian Emperor Peter III; titled
-
Tsar and given civil authority by Sava II)
- 9 Mar 1781 - Mar
1782 Arsenije II Plamenac -Regent
(b c.1700 - d. 1784)
- Mar 1782 - 30 Oct 1830
Petar I
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1747 - d. 1830)
- 30 Oct 1830 - 31 Oct 1851 Petar II
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1813 - d. 1851)
- 1 Nov 1851 - 13 Jan 1852 Pero
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1811 - d. 1854)
-
(regent; assumes style, but not position, of Prince)
- 13 Jan 1852 - 13 Mar 1852 Danilo II
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1826 - d. 1860)
- Princes¹
- 13 Mar 1852 - 13 Aug 1860 Danilo I
Petrovic-Njegos
(s.a.)
- 13 Aug 1860 - 28 Aug 1910 Nikola I
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1841 - d. 1921)
- King¹
- 28 Aug 1910 - 26 Nov 1918 Nikola I
Petrovic-Njegos
(s.a.)
-
(from 17 Jan 1917, in France exile)
- Austro-Hungarian Military Governors-general
- 17 Jan 1916 - 26 Feb 1916 Herman
Freiherr
Kövess
(b. 1854 - d. 1924)
-
von Kövessháza (1st time)
- 26 Feb 1916 - 10 Jul 1917 Viktor Weber
Edler von Webenau (b. 1861 -
d. 1932)
- 10 Jul 1917 - Oct 1918
Heinrich Graf von Clam-Martinic (b.
1863 - d. 1932)
- Oct
1918
Herman Freiherr
Kövess
(s.a.)
-
von Kövessháza (2nd time)
- President of the Assembly
- 26 Nov 1918 - 23 Apr 1919 Savo Cerovic
- Bans of Zeta
- 9 Oct 1929 - 1931
Krsto Smiljanic
(b. 1868 - d.
1944)
1931 - 1932
Uros Krulj
(b. 1875 - d. 1961)
1932 - 1934
Aleksa Stanisic
(b.
1877 - d. 19..)
1934 - 1936
Mujo Socica
(d. 1942)
12 Aug 1936 - 1939 Petar
Ivanisevic
(b. 1878 - d. 1961)
1939 - 1941
Bozidar Krstic
- 1941 - 17 Apr 1941 Blazo
Djukanovic
(b. 1883 - d. 1943)
- Italian Commandant of Montenegro and the
Cattaro district
- 17 Apr 1941 - 29 Apr 1941 Principe
Alessandro Pirzio Biroli (b. 1877 - d. 1962)
- Civil Commissioner
- 29 Apr 1941 - 22 May 1941 Conte Serafino
Mazzolini
(b. 1890 - d. 1945)
- High commissioner (to 12 Jul 1941, also
styled Regent)
- 22 May 1941 - 23 Jul 1941 Conte Serafino
Mazzolini
(s.a.)
- President of the Assembly
- 12 Jul 1941 - 13 Jul 1941 Mihailo Ivanovic
(b. 1874 - d. 1949)
- Governors
- 23 Jul 1941 - 13 Jul 1943 Principe
Alessandro Pirzio Biroli (s.a.)
- 13 Jul 1943 - 10 Sep 1943 Conte Curio
Barbasetti di Prun (b. 1885 -
d. 1962)
- German plenipotentiary generals
- 10 Sep 1943 - 31 May 1944 Theodor
Geib
(b. 1885 - d. 1944)
- 1 Jun 1944 - 15 Dec 1944 Wilhelm
Keiper
(b. 1893 - d. 1957)
- Presidents
- 23 Dec 1990 - 15 Jan 1998 Momir
Bulatovic
(b.
1956)
SKCG;1991 DPSC
- 15 Jan 1998 - 25 Nov 2002 Milo
Djukanovic
(b.
1962)
DPSC
- 25 Nov 2002 - 19 May 2003 Filip Vujanovic
(1st
time)
(b.
1954)
DPSC
-
(acting)
- 19 May 2003 - 22 May 2003 Rifat
Rastoder
(b.
1950)
SDP
-
+ Dragan
Kujovic
(b.
1948)
DPSC
(acting)
22 May 2003
-
Filip Vujanovic (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
DPSC
-
- Governors (gubernadur)(for
the Vladika)
- .... -
....
Dijkan Vukotic
- .... -
....
Stano
Radonjic
(b. c.1650 - d. c.1720)
- c.1711
Vukota Vukotic (or Vukota Ozrinic,
-
some sources Vukajle Vukotic)
- 17.. -
17..
Stefan Kovacevic
- 1739 -
1742
Vukadin Vukotic
- 1755 - 17 Mar
1758
Stanislav Radonjic
(b. 1690 - d. 1758)
1758 -
1762
Vukajlo Radonjic
1762 -
1764
Vukotic
1764 - 8 Jul 1803
Jovan
Radonjic
(b. 1748 - d. 1803)
1803 - 17 Nov 1831
Vukolaj "Vuk"
Radonjic
(b. 1765 - d. 1832)
17 Nov 1831 - 1832
Sima Milutinovic Sarajlija
(b. 1791 - d. 1847)
1832 - 20 Mar 1879 Post
abolished- Prime ministers
- 20 Mar 1879 - 19 Dec 1905 Bozo
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1846 - d. 1929) Non-party
- 19 Dec 1905 - 24 Nov 1906 Lazar Mijuskovic
(1st time)
(b. 1867 - d. 1936) Non-party
- 24 Nov 1906 - 1 Feb 1907 Marko
Radulovic
(b. 1866 - d.af.1935)RP?
- 1 Feb 1907 - 17 Apr 1907 Andrija
Radovic (1st
time)
(b. 1872 - d. 1947) NS
- 17 Apr 1907 - 19 Jun 1912 Lazar
Tomanovic
(b. 1845 - d. 1932)
- 19 Jun 1912 - 8 May 1913 Mitar
Martinovic
(b. 1870 - d. 1954) Mil
- 8 May 1913 - 16 Jul 1915 Janko
Vukotic
(b. 1866 - d. 1927) Mil
- 17 Aug 1914 - 16 Jul 1915 Risto Popovic
(acting for Vukotic)
- 16 Jul 1915 - 2 Jan 1916 Milo
Matanovic (1st
time)
(b. 1879 - d. 1955) Mil
- 2 Jan 1916 - 12 May 1916 Lazar
Mijuskovic (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
PNS
-
(from Mar 1916 in Bordeaux, France exile)
- 12 May 1916 - 17 Jan 1917 Andrija Radovic
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
NS
-
(in Bordeaux exile to Oct 1916;
-
from Oct 1916 in Neuilly-sur-Seine)
- 17 Jan 1917 - 11 Jun 1917 Milo Matanovic
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
-
(in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France exile)
- 11 Jun 1917 - 26 Nov 1918 Evgenije
Popovic
(b. 1842 - d. 1931?) Non-party
-
(in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France exile)
- President of the Executive National Council
- 26 Nov 1918 - 23 Apr 1919 Stevo
Vukotic
(b. 1861 - d. 1922)
- Chairman of the Advisory Council
- 28 Apr 1941 - 12 Jul 1941 Jovo Popovic
- Prime minister
- 12 Jul 1941 - 13 Jul 1941 Sekula
Drljevic
(b. 1884 - d. 1945) CCS
- Presidents of the National Committee
- 1941 - 19 Oct
1943
Blazo
Djukanovic
(s.a.)
NM
- 1944 - May 1945
Sekula
Drljevic
(s.a.)
CCM
-
(Montenegrin State Council leader, in Croatia
exile)
- 19 Oct 1943 - Apr 1945
Ljubo Vukcevic
- Prime ministers
- 15 Feb 1991 - 5 Feb 1998 Milo
Djukanovic (1st
time)
(s.a.)
SKCG;1991 DPSC
- 5 Feb 1998 - 8 Jan 2003 Filip
Vujanovic
(s.a.)
DPSC
- 5 Nov 2002 - 8 Jan 2003 Dragan
Djurovic
(b.
1959)
DPSC
-
(acting for Vujanovic)
- 8 Jan 2003 - 10 Nov 2006 Milo
Djukanovic (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
DPSC
- 10 Nov 2006 - 29 Feb 2008 Zeljko
Sturanovic
(b.
1960)
DPSC
- 29 Feb 2008 - 29 Dec 2010 Milo
Djukanovic (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
DPSC
29 Dec 2010 - 4 Dec 2012 Igor
Luksic
(b. 1976)
DPSC
- 4 Dec 2012
-
Milo Djukanovic (4th
time)
(s.a.)
DPSC
-
Kingdom of Montenegro in Exile
Kings¹
26 Nov 1918 - 1 Mar 1921 Nikola I
Petrovic-Njegos
(s.a.)
(in France exile 25 Jan 1916 - 1 Mar 1921
[to Mar 1916 in Lyon; Mar - Oct 1916
in Bordeaux; Oct 1916 - 1920 in
Neuilly-sur-Seine; from 1920 in Antibes])
1 Mar 1921 - 7 Mar 1921 Danilo
I
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1871 - d. 1939)
(in San Remo, Italy exile)
7 Mar 1921 - 14 Sep 1929 Mihajlo I
Petrovic-Njegos
(b. 1908 - d. 1986)
(in San Remo, Italy exile)
7 Mar 1921 - 16 Mar 1923 Queen Milena
Vukotic (f) -Regent (b. 1847 - d. 1923)
(in San Remo, Italy exile)
- jointly with -
7 Mar 1921 - 14 Nov 1929 Anto
Gvozdenovic -Regent
(b. 1853 - d. 1935) Mil
Prime ministers
26 Nov 1918 - 17 Feb 1919 Evgenije Popovic
(s.a.)
(in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France exile)
Dec 1918 - 17 Feb 1919 Pero Soc
(acting for Popovic) (b. 1884 - d.
1966)
17 Feb 1919 - 28 Jun 1921 Jovan
S. Plamenac (1st time) (b. 1873 - d.
1944)
(in San Remo, Italy exile)
28 Jun 1921 - 13 Jul 1922 Milutin
Vucinic
(b. 1869 - d.
1922)
(in San Remo, Italy exile)
Sep 1922 - 1922
Jovan S. Plamenac (2nd time) (s.a.)
1922
Milo Vujovic (acting)
(b. 1881 - d. 1935)
23 Oct 1923 - 14 Sep 1929 Anto Gvozdenovic
(s.a.)
¹Full style of the ruler:
(a) before 13 Mar 1852 (New Style): Vladika i
upravitelj Crne Gore i Brde ("Vladika [bishop] and
Ruler of Montenegro and Brda");
(b) 13 Mar 1852 - 28 Aug 1910 (New Style): Po
Bozjoj milosti knjaz i gospodar Crne Gore i Brde
("By the grace of God Prince and Sovereign of
Montenegro and Brda");
(c) from 28 Aug 1910 (New Style): Po Bozjoj
milosti kralj i gospodar Crne Gore ("By the grace
of God, King and Sovereign of Montenegro").
Territorial Disputes: None
Party abbreviations: DLECG =
Demokratska Lista za Evropsku Crnu Goru (Democratic List
for European Montengro, pro-European Union, center-left
coalition, DPS and SDP, est.2002);
DPSC = Demokratska Partija Socijalista
Crna Gore (Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro,
social-democratic, est.22 Jun 1991, former SKGC); NSCG
= Narodna Stranka Crne Gore (People's Party of
Montenegro, pro-Serbia, conservative, est.1990); SDP
= Socijaldemokratska Partija Crne Gore (Social
Democratic Party of Montenegro, socialist, est.1993); SNPCG
= Socijalisticka Narodna Partija Crne Gore (Socialist
People's Party of Montenegro, center-left, pro-Serbia,
split from DPSC, est.21 Mar 1998); Mil =
Military;
- Former parties: CCS =
Crnogorska Cederalisticka Stranka (Montenegrin
Federal Party, autonomist, 1922-45); KPCG =
Komunisticka Partija Crne Gore (Communist Party of
Montenegro, 1945-52, renamed SKCG); LSCG
= Liberalnu Savez Crne Gore (Liberal Alliance of
Montenegro, liberal, pro-Montenegro independence,
1990-2005); NM = National Movement
(Montenegrin separatist, 1941-45); NS =
Narodna Stranka (People's Party, pro-democracy, union
with Serbia, 1906-18); PNS = Prava
Narodna Stranka (True People's Party, supporters of King
Nikola, 1907-14); RP = Radical Party; SKCG
= Savez Komunista Crne Gore (League of Communists of
Montenegro, 1952-1991, former KPCG, renamed DPSC)
Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor)
(Cattaro)
1391 -
1420
Kotor an independent city state.
1420
Part of Venetian Republic (Cattaro)
(see Dalmatia under Croatia).
1687
Venetian possessions in present-day Montenegro
(Gulf
of Boka Kotorska and coastal Montenegro) organized
into one administrative unit named: Albania Veneta,
which is subordinated to Dalmatia.
4 Oct 1797
Occupied by Austria.
24 Aug
1798
Part of Austria.
26 Dec
1805
Ceded to France by Austria by the Treaty of Pressburg.
28 Feb 1806 - 12 Aug 1807 Russian
occupation.
7 Jul
1807
Ceded to France by Russia by the Treaty of Tilsit.
12 Aug
1807
French rule; part of Dalmatia; from 14 Oct 1809 annexed
to France as part of the
Illyrian provinces
(see under Croatia).
11 Sep 1813 - 10 Jun 1814 Rule by a central
commission, based in Dobrota under the
Prince of Montenegro.
5 Jan 1814
French garrison in fort of
Kotor surrenders.
10 Jun
1814
Restored to Austria; part of Austrian crownland of
Dalmatia
(see under Croatia).
1 Dec
1918
Part of Yugoslavia (part of Croatia).
3 May 1941 - 10 Sep 1943 Annexed by
Italy (as province of Cattaro within Dalmatia).
21 Nov 1944
Re-incorporated into Yugoslavia (part of Montenegro).
Venetian governors (conte e capitano)
1418 - 1421
Antonio delle
Boccole
1421 - 1423
Marco Barbarigo
1423 - 1425
Stefano Querini
1425 - 1427
Pietro Duodo
1427 - 1429
Zuanne Balbi
1429 - 1432
Niccolò Pisani
1432 - 1434
Antonio Pesaro
1434 - 1436
Lorenzo (or Vincenzo)
Vitturi
1436 - 1438
Paolo
Contarini
1438 - 1440
Albano Sagredo
1440 - 1442
Pietro Dalmario
1442 - 1444
Leonardo Bembo
1444 - 1447
Zuanne Nani
1447
Nicolò
Miani
1447 - 1449
Jacopo (or Giacomo)
Morosini
1449
Leone da
Molin
1449 - 1451
Zuanne Lion
1451 - 1453
Lodovico Barbo
1453
Nicolò Soranzo
1453 - 1454
Nicolò Trevisan
1454 - 1456
Zuanne Barbo
1456 - 1457
Paolo Barbo
1457 - 1459
Alvise Duodo
1459 - 1462
Antonio Donà (or Donato)
1462 - 1465
Paolo Priuli
1465 - 1467
Alvise (or Lodovico) Bon
1467 - 1469
Eustachio ("Stae")
Balbi
1469 - 1472
Bertuccio Gabriel
1472 - 1474
Michele Michiel
1474 - 1477
Giovanni Donato
1477 - 1480
Francesco Lippomano
Venetian governors (Rettori
e provveditori)
1480 - 1483
Antonio Ferro di
Giovanni
1483 - 1485
Marin Zeno
1485 - 1486
Francesco Lion
1486 - 1488
Francesco Basadonna
1488 - 1489
Priamo Trón
1489 - 1491
Paolo Erizzo
1491 - 1492
Michele Emo
1492 - 1494
Girolamo Orio
1494
Lorenzo Gritti
1494 - 1496
Zuanne Nani
1496 - 1497
Piero Lion
1497 - 1498
Francesco Cicogna
1498 - 1500
Francesco Querini
1500 - 1501
Zan Paolo Gradenigo
1501 - 1503
Sebastiano
Contarini
1503 - 1504
Girolamo Foscarini
1504 - 1505
Alvise Zeno
1505 - 1507
Oliviero Contarini
1507 - 1509
Nicolò Coppo
1509 - Nov 1510
Paolo Vallaresso
1510 - 1511
Marco Arimondo
1511 - 1513
Anzolo Malipiero
Aug 1513 - 1515
Francesco Gradenigo
1515 - 1516
Pietro Zeno
1516 - 1517
Bernardino da Riva
1517 - 1519
Simone Capello
1519 - 1520
Vincenzo Trón
1520 - 1521
Alvise Capello
1521 - 1523
Vettore Diedo
1523 - 1525
Moise Venier
1525 - 1526
Francesco Taiapiera
1526 - 1527
Domenico Gritti
1527 - 1528
Marco Barbo
1528 - 1530
Alvise Muazzo
1530 - 1532
Benedetto Valier
1532 - 1533
Trifon Gradenigo
1533 - 1534
Francesco Sanudo
1534 - 1536
Andrea Valerio
1536 - 1538
Melchiorre Michiel
1538 - 1540
Givanni Matteo Bembo
1540 - 1542
Alvise da Riva
1542 - 1544
Lorenzo Salamon
1544 - 1545
Alvise Renier
1545 - 1546
Francesco (or
Federigo) da Mosto
1546 - 1548
Gianbattista Barbaro
1548 - 1549
Francesco
Pisani
1549 - 1551
Valerio da
Mosto
1551 - 1552
Zan Francesco da Canal
1552 - 1553
Paolo Donà (or
Donato)
1553 - 1554
Lunardo Bollani
1554 - 1556
Benardino Renier
1556 - 1558
Domenico Priuli
1558 - 1560
Marin Pisani
1560 - 1562
Delfin Valier
1562 - 1563
Francesco Priuli
1563 - 1565
Andrea Duodo
1565 - 1567
Jacopo Celsi
1567 - 1569
Alvise Minotto
1569 - 1570
Zaccaria Salamon
1570 - 1571
Bernardo Contarini
1571 - 1572
Antonio Bragadin
1572 - 1574
Zanbattista Calbo
1574 - 1576
Benetto Erizzo
1576 - 1579
Pellegrino
Bragadin
1579 - 1581
Marco Diedo
1581 - 1583
Vincenzo da Canal
1583 - 1586
Marcantonio Venier
1586 - 1588
Andrea Gabriel
1588 - 1590
Girolamo Pisani
1590 - 1592
Giovanni (or Zuanne)
Loredano
1592 - 1594
Zuanne Lippomano
1594 - 1596
Alvise Barbaro
1596 - 1598
Zuanne Garzoni
1598 - 1600
Zuanne Magno
1600 - 1602
Antonio Grimani
1602 - 1604
Zuan Marco da Molin
1604 - 1606
Zuanfrancesco Bragadin
1606 - 1608
Tomaso Contarini
1608 - 1610
Francesco Morosini
1610 - 1612
Girolamo da Molin
1612 - 1614
Zaccaria Soranzo
1614 - 1616
Zanfrancesco
Dolfin
1616 - 1618
Camillo Michiel
1618 - 1620
Marcantonio Contarini
1620 - 1623
Paris Malipiero
1623 - 1625
Iseppo Michiel
1625 - 1627
Pietro Morosini
1627 - 1628
Francesco Contarini
1628 - 1630
Girolamo Loredan
1630 - 1633
Francesco Tiepolo
1633 - 1635
Agostino da Canal
1635 - 1637
Girolamo Molin
1637 - 1638
Alesandro
Contarini
1638 - 1640
Zorzi (or Giorgio)
Morosini
1640 - 1641
Anzolo Gabriel
1641 - 1644
Marino Pisauro
1644 - 1646
Zuan Trevisan
1646 - 1648
Paolo Donato
1648 - 1650
Alvise Gabriel
1650 - 1652
Antonio Diedo
1652 - 1654
Francesco Bragadin
1654 - 1656
Francesco Battaglia
1656 - 1657
Tommaso Tron
1657 - 1658
Zuan Briani
1658 - 1659
Marcantonio Pasqualigo
1659 - 1660
Pietro Gabriel
1660 - 1661
Zuan Paolo Foscarini
1661 - 1663
Nicola Calergi
1663 - 1666
Antonio Maria Bernardo
1666 - 1668
Alvise Foscarini
1668 - 1670
Santo Barbaro
1670 - 1672
Leonardo Venier
1672 - 1674
Girolamo Morosini
1674 - 1676
Lorenzo Bembo
1676 - 1678
Vincenzo da Riva
1678 - 1679
Alvise Foscarini
1679 - 1681
Lorenzo Tiepolo
1681 - 1683
Benetto Valier
1683 - 1685
Alessandro Beregano
1685 - 1687
Lucio Balbi
1687 - 1690
Zuan Michele
Pizzamano
1690 - 1692
Stefano Balbi
1692 - 1694
Ferigo Papafava
1694 - 1695
Francesco Foscarini
1695 - 1697
Filippo Bragadin
1697 - 1699
Giovanni Silvestro Zane
1699 - 1701
Andrea Bembo
1701 - 1703
Francesco Dandolo
1703 - 1704
Domenico Malipiero
1704 - 1706
Andrea Pasqualigo
1706 - 1708
Nicolò Barbaro
1708 - 1709
Paolo Foscolo
1709 - 1711
Pietro Donato
1711 - 1713
Zanfrancesco Zorzi
1713 - 1715
Girolamo Loredan
1715 - 1716
Foscarino
Foscarini
1716 - 1718
Bartolo Pisani
1718 - 1720
Angelo Barbaro
1720 - 1722
Pietro Badoer
1722 - 1724
Marino da Riva
1724 - 1726
Gianantonio Balbi
1726 - 1729
Francesco Barozzi
1729 - 1731
Jacopo (or
Giacomo) Foscarini
1731 - 1733
Gian Giacomo Querini
1733 - 1735
Marco da Riva
1735 - 1737
Lodovico Balbi
1737 - 1739
Marcantonio Badoer
1739 - 1741
Pietro Donato
1741 - 1744
Marino
Gheltof
1744 - 1746
Pietro Bembo
1746 - 1747
Marino Morosini
1747 - 1749
Antonio Delfin
1749 - 1751
Iseppo Contarini
1751 - 1753
Lorenzo Pasqualigo
1753 - 1755
Giorgio Pizzamano
1755 - 1757
Girolamo Bragadin
1758 - 1760
Daniel Renier
1760 - 1763
Pietro Angelo Magno (or
Manin?)
1763 - 1765
Nicolò Soranzo
1765 - 1767
Lorenzo Paruta
1767 - 1769
Pasquale Cicogna
1769 - 1771
Pier Alvise Barbaro
1771 - 1773
Gaetano da Molin
1773 - 1775
Gian Carlo Zorzi
1775 - 1777
Alvise Balbi
1777 - 1779
Zuanantonio Maria Dolfin
(or Delfin)
1779 - 1781
Agostino Soranzo
1781 - 1783
Alvise Soranzo
1783 - 1785
Gerardo Sagredo
1785 - 1787
Zuan Longo
1787 - 1789
Alvise Soranzo
1789 - 1791
Marchio (or Marco)
Querini
1791 - 1793
Vincenzo Dolfin
1793 - 1794
Francesco Dandolo
1794 - 1795
Marco Zorzi
1795? - 1797
Lorenzo Soranzo
Commissioner
4 Oct 1797 - 1801
Thomas Freiherr von
Brady (b. 1752 - d.
1827)
Civil governors
1801 - 1805
Bernhard Freiherr Rossetti von
(d. 1817)
Rosenegg
1805 - 1806
Gian-Pietro Baroni-Cavalcabo
(b. 1773 - d. 1850?)
Military governors
1801 - Jul
1802
Gauss von Starnberg
Jul 1802 - 1804
Franz von
Nicoletti
(d. 1808)
Jun 1804 - 1806
Thomas Freiherr von Brady
(s.a.)
1806 - 28 Feb 1806
Filippo Carlo marchese Ghisilieri
(commissioner)
Military Governor
28 Feb 1806 - 12 Aug 1807 Dimitry
Nikolayevich Senyavin (b.
1763 - d. 1831)
Civil Governor (imperial commissioner)
28 Feb 1806 - 12 Aug 1807 Stefan
Andreyevich Sankovski
Sub-delegate of Bocche di Cattaro
1810 - 5 Jan 1814
Luigi Paulucci
(b. 1774 - d. 1844)
President of the Central Commission
11 Sep 1813 - 10 Jun 1814 Petar I
Petrovic-Njegos
(s.a.)
Prefects of the Province of Cattaro
7 Jun 1941 - 15 Jun 1943 Francesco
Scassellati Sforzolini (b. 1901 - d. 1967)
15 Jun 1943 - 15 Aug 1943 Mario
Pigli
(b. 1904 - d. af.1966)
1 Sep 1943 - 15 Sep 1943 Umberto
Sciorilli
Borrelli
(b. 1892 - d. 1969)
Socialist Republic of Montenegro
31 Dec 1946 - 27 Apr 1992
2 Dec
1945
People's Republic of Montenegro
7 Jul 1963
Socialist Republic of Montenegro
Secretaries of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party
(from 1952, League of Communists)
May 1943 - 29 Jun 1963 Blazo
Jovanovic
(b. 1907 - d. 1976)
29 Jun 1963 - 14 Dec 1968 Djordjije "Djoka"
Pajkovic
(b. 1917 - d. 1980)
14 Dec 1968 - 21 Mar 1977 Veselin
Djuranovic
(b. 1925 - d. 1997)
21 Mar 1977 - 1 Jul 1982 Vojo
Srzentic
(b. 1934)
1 Jul 1982 - May 1984
Dobroslav "Toro" Culafic
(b. 1926 - d. 2011)
May 1984 - 30 Jul 1984 Vidoje
Zarkovic
(b. 1927 - d. 2000)
30 Jul 1984 - May 1986 Marko
Orlandic
(b. 1930)
May 1986 - 11 Jan 1989 Miljan
Radovic
(b. 1933)
11 Jan 1989 - 26 Apr 1989 Veselin Vukotic
(acting)
(b. 1949)
26 Apr 1989 - 28 Apr 1989 Milica
Pejanovic-Djurisic (f) (b.
1959)
28 Apr 1989 - 22 Jun 1991 Momir
Bulatovic
(b. 1956)
President of the Anti-Fascist Council of
People's Liberation of Montenegro and Boka
15 Nov 1943 - 13 Jul 1944 Nikola
Miljanic
(b. 1892 - d. 1957) KPCG
President of the Montenegrin Anti-Fascist
Assembly of People's Liberation
13 Jul 1944 - 21 Nov 1946 Nikola
Miljanic
(s.a.)
KPCG
President of the Presidium of the
Constitutional Assembly
21 Nov 1946 - 1 Jan 1947 Milos
Rasovic
KPCG
Presidents of the Presidium of the People's
Assembly
1 Jan 1947 - 6 Nov 1950 Milos
Rasovic
KPCG
6 Nov 1950 - 4 Feb 1953 Nikola
Kovacevic
(b. 1890 - d. 1964) KPCG;
Presidents of the People's Assembly
1952 SKCG
4 Feb 1950 - 15 Dec 1953 Nikola
Kovacevic
(s.a.)
SKCG
15 Dec 1953 - 14 Jul 1962 Blazo
Jovanovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
14 Jul 1962 - 5 May 1963 Filip
Bajkovic
(b. 1910 - d. 1985) SKCG
5 May 1963 - 5 May 1967 Andrija
Mugosa
(b. 1912 - d. 2006) SKCG
5 May 1967 - 6 Oct 1969 Veljko
Milatovic
(b. 1921 - d. 2004) SKCG
6 Oct 1969 - 6 May 1974 Vidoje
Zarkovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
Presidents of the Presidency
6 May 1974 - 7 May 1982 Veljko
Milatovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
7 May 1982 - 7 May 1983 Veselin
Djuranovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
7 May 1983 - 7 May 1984 Marko
Orlandic
(s.a.)
SKCG
7 May 1984 - 7 May 1985 Miodrag
Vlahovic
SKCG
6 May 1985 - 6 May 1986
Branislav
Soskic
(b.
1922)
SKCG
6 May 1986 - 6 May 1988 Radivoje
Brajovic
(b.
1935)
SKCG
6 May 1988 - 13 Jan 1989 Bozina
Ivanovic
(b. 1931 - d. 2002) SKCG
13 Jan 1989 - 17 Mar 1989 Slobodan Simovic
(acting)
SKCG
17 Mar 1989 - 23 Dec 1990 Branko
Kostic
(b.
1939)
DPSC
President
23 Dec 1990 - 15 Jan 1998 Momir
Bulatovic (s.a.) SKCG;1991
DPSC
Minister for Montenegro (part of Yugoslav
government)
7 Mar 1945 -
1945
Milovan
Djilas
(b. 1911 - d. 1993) KPCG
Prime minister
17 Apr 1945 - 4 Feb 1953 Blazo
Jovanovic
(s.a.)
KPCG;1952 SKKCG
Chairmen of the Executive Council
4 Feb 1953 - 16 Dec 1953 Blazo
Jovanovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
16 Dec 1953 - 12 Jul 1962 Filip
Bajkovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
12 Jul 1962 - 25 Jun 1963 Djordjije "Djoka"
Pajkovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
25 Jun 1963 - 8 Dec 1966 Veselin
Djuranovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
8 Dec 1966 - 5 May 1967 Mijusko
Sibalic
(b. 1915 - d. 1995) SKCG
5 May 1967 - 7 Oct 1969 Vidoje
Zarkovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
7 Oct 1969 - 6 May 1974 Zarko
Bulajic
(b. 1922 - d. 2009) SKCG
6 May 1974 - 28 Apr 1978 Marko
Orlandic
(s.a.)
SKCG
28 Apr 1978 - 7 May 1982 Momcilo
Cerovic
(b. 1928 - d. 2001) SKCG
7 May 1982 - 6 Jun 1986 Radivoje
Brajovic
(s.a.)
SKCG
6 Jun 1986 - 29 Mar 1989 Vuko
Vukadinovic
(b.
1937)
SKCG
29 Mar 1989 - 15 Feb 1991 Radoje
Kontic
(b.
1937)
SKCG
Party abbreviations: DPSC =
Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crna Gore (Democratic
Party of Socialists of Montenegro, est.22 Jun 1991
former SKCG); KPCG = Komunisticka Partija
Crne Gore (Communist Party of Montenegro, communist,
1945-52 renamed SKCG); SKCG = Savez Komunista
Crne Gore (League of Communists of Montenegro,
communist, former KPCG, 1952-1991,
renamed DPSC)
© Ben Cahoon
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