Brazil
 

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Map of Brazil Hear National Anthem  "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (Brazilian National Hymn) Adopted 20 Jan 1890 Former National Anthem "Hino da Independência" (Anthem of Independence)   1822-1890 Constitution   (5 Oct 1988) Capital: Brasilia (Rio de Janeiro 1763-1960; Salvador da Bahía 1549-1763; Porto Seguro 1500- 1549) Currency: Real (BRL)  National Holiday:  7 Sep  (1822) Independence Day Population: 190,010,647 (2007) GDP: $1.61 trillion (2006) Exports: $138 billion (2006) Imports: $95.8 billion (2006) Ethnic groups: white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000)  Total Armed Forces: 287,600 (2003) Merchant marine: 137 ships (2006) Religions: Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spriritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000) International Organizations/Treaties: ACTO, AfDB, ANT, APM, BIS, BTWC, CAN (associate), CPLP, CSN, CTBT, ENMOD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, LU, MIGA, MTCR, NAM (observer), NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, SEGIB, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Brazil Index Chronology   23 Apr 1500                Claimed for Portugal, named Ilha de Santa Cruz,                               later Terra de Vera Cruz, by Pedro Álvares Cabral 1530                       Portuguese colony (Brasil). 1574 - 1578                Divided into two governor-generalships, at Bahia                              in the north, and Rio de Janeiro in the south. 1608 - 1612                Again divided into two governor-generalships. 1626                       Portuguese colonies (Estado do Brasil)                               administered by the governors-general of Bahia,                              except the Estado do Maranhão which remained                              separately administered).  3 Mar 1630 - 26 Jan 1654  Dutch occupation of northeaster Brazil (Nieuw                               Holland)(Dutch Brazil). 13 Jul 1714                Viceroyalty of Brazil 27 Jan 1763                Seat of viceroy moved from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro 22 Jan 1808 -  7 Sep 1822  Portuguese royal family rule from Brazil during                              and after the Napoleonic wars. 16 Dec 1815                Kingdom of Brazil (part of the United Kingdom                               of Portugal, and of Brazil, and Algarves). 26 Feb 1821                Kingdom of Brazil (part of the United Kingdom of                              Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves). 18 Jul 1821 - 25 Aug 1825  Banda Oriental (Uruguay) annexed.  7 Sep 1822                Independence of Kingdom of Brazil proclaimed                              (13 May 1825 recognized by Portugal). 12 Oct 1822                Empire of Brazil  15 Nov 1889                Republic of the United States of Brazil 25 Feb 1904                Annexation of Acre.  15 Mar 1967                Federative Republic of Brazil States A-M and P-T Captaincies (1534-1822) Fort Coligny (1555-1560) Dutch Brazil (1630-1654) Pernambucco (1817)  Confederation of the Equator (1824)  Cabanagem Revolution (1835-1836) Sabinada (1837-1838) Rio Grande Republic (1836-1845) Catarina Republic (1839) Acre Republic (1899-1904) Counani (Republic of Independent Guiana) (1886-1911) Historical Maps of Brazil

Governors 

 7 Jan 1549 - 1553         Tomé de Sousa                      (b. 1503 - d. 1573/79)

1553 - 1558                Duarte da Costa 
 3 Jan 1558 -  2 Mar 1572  Mem de Sá                          (b. 1500 - d. 1572)
1572 - 1578                Luís de Brito e Almeida 
                            (at Bahia) 
1574 - 1577                António Salema
                            (at Rio de Janeiro) 
Governors-general 
1578 - 1581                Lourenço de Veiga 
1581 - 1582                Junta
                           - Cosme Rangel de Macedo 
                           - obispo de Bahia 
1582 - 1587                Manuel Teles Barreto               (b. c.1520 - d. 1588)
1587 - 1590                Junta
                           - António Barreiros
                           - Cristobal de Barros
                           - António Coelho de Aguilar
1590 - 1602                Francisco de Sousa (1st time)      (b. c.1540 - d. 1611)
1602 - 1607                Diogo Botelho                      (b. c.1550 - d. 16..)
1608 - 1612                Diogo de Meneses e Siqueira        (b. c.1570 - d. 16..)
                             (at Bahaia) 
1609 - 1611                Francisco de Sousa (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (at Rio de Janeiro)
1613 - 1617                Gaspar de Sousa                    (b. c.1550 - d. 16..)
1617 - 1621                Luís de Sousa, conde do Prado      (b. c.1580 - d. 1643)
1621 - 1624                Diogo de Mendonça Furtado          (b. c.1590 - d. 16..)
1624 - 1625                Marcos Tejeira y Antón de 
                             Mesquita Oliveira
1625 - 1626                Francisco de Moura Rolim           (b. 1580 - d. 1657)
1626 - 1635                Diogo Luís de Oliveira 
1635 - 1639                Pedro da Silva, conde de São       (b. c.1570 - d. 16..)
                             Lourenço
20 Jan 1639 - 1640         Fernando de Mascarenhas, conde     (b. c.1610 - d. 1651)
                             de Torre 
1640                       Vasco de Mascarenhas, conde        (b. c.1605 - d. 1678)
                             de Óbidos (1st time)
26 May 1640 - 16 Apr 1641  Jorge de Mascarenhas, marquês
                             de Montalvão -Viceroy
1641 - 1642                Provisional Government Junta
                           - Pedro da Silva
                           - Luís Barbalho
                           - Lourenço de Brito
1642 - 1647                António Teles da Silva             (b. c.1590 - d. 1650)
26 Dec 1647 - 1650         António Teles de Menezes, conde    (b. c.1600 - d. 1657)
                             de Vila Pouca de Aguiar
 4 Jan 1650 - 1654         João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos e    (b. 1593 - d. 1658)
                             Sousa, conde de Castelo Melhor 
1654 - 1657                Jerónimo de Ataíde, conde de       (b. c.1610 - d. 1665)
                             Atouguia 
18 Jun 1657 - 1663         Francisco Barreto de Meneses       (b. 1610 - d. 1668)
21 Jul 1663 - 13 Jun 1667  Vasco de Mascarenhas, conde        (s.a.)
                             de Óbidos -Viceroy (2nd time)
1667 - 1671                Alexandre de Sousa Freire          (b. c.1615 - d. 16..)
1671 - 1673                Afonso Furtado de Castro do Rio    (b. c.1610 - d. 1675)
                             e Mendonça, visconde de Barbacena 
1675 - 1678                Provisional Government Junta
                           - Augustín de Acevedo Monteiro
                           - Álvaro de Acevedo
                           - António Guedes
1678 - 1682                Roque da Costa Barreto             (b. c.1610 - d. 16..)
1682 - 1684                António Sousa Meneses              (b. c.1650 - d. ....)
1684 - 1687                António Luís de Sousa Telo de      (b. 1644 - d. 1721)
                             Meneses, marquês das Minas 
 4 Jun 1687 - 24 Oct 1688  Matias da Cunha                    (d. 1688)
1688 - 1690                Manuel da Ressureiçao 
                             (president of the provisional junta)

1690 - 1694                António Luís Gonçalves da Câmara   (b. 1638 - d. 1702) 

                             Coutinho 

22 May 1694 -  3 Jul 1702  João de Lencastre                  (b. 1646 - d. 1707)

 3 Jul 1702 -  8 Sep 1708  Rodrigo da Costa                   (b. 1657 - d. 1722)

 8 Sep 1708 -  3 May 1710  Luís César de Meneses              (b. 1653 - d. 1720)

 3 May 1710 - 14 Oct 1711  Lourenço de Almada                 (b. c.1645 - d. 1729)

14 Oct 1711 - 13 Jul 1714  Pedro de Vasconcellos e Sousa      (b. 1664 - d. 1732)

Viceroys

13 Jul 1714 - 11 Jun 1718  Pedro Antonio de Noronha           (b. 1661 - d. 1731)

                             Albuquerque e Sousa, conde de 

                             Villa Verde, marquês de Angeja 

21 Aug 1718 - 13 Oct 1719  Sancho de Faro e Sousa, conde      (b. 1659 - d. 1719)

                             de Vimieiro -Governor-general  

14 Oct 1719 - 23 Nov 1720  Provisional Government Junta

                           - Sebastião Monteiro da Vide

                           - Caetano de Brito e Figueiredo

                           - João de Araújo e Azevedo

23 Nov 1720 - 11 May 1735  Vasco Fernandes César de Meneses,  (b. 1673 - d. 1743)

                             conde de Sabugosa 

11 May 1735 - 17 Dec 1749  André de Melo e Castro, conde      (b. 1668 - d. 1753)

                             das Galveias 

17 Dec 1749 - 17 Aug 1754  Luís Pedro Peregrino de Carvalho   (b. 1700 - d. 1758)

                             e Ataíde, conde de Atouguia 

17 Aug 1754 - 23 Dec 1755  Provisional Government Junta

                           - José Botelho de Matos

                           - Manuel António da Cunha Souto

                               Maior

                           - Lourenço Monteiro

23 Dec 1755 -  9 Jan 1760  Marcos José de Noronha e Brito,    (b. 1712 - d. 1768)

                             conde dos Arcos 

 9 Jan 1760 -  4 Jul 1760  António de Almeida Soares e        (b. 1699 - d. 1761)

                             Portugal, conde de Avintes,

                             marquês de Lavradio 

 4 Jul 1760 - 27 Jun 1763  Provisional Government Junta

                           - Tomás Rubi de Barros Barreto

                           - José Carvalho de Andrada

                           - Barros e Alvim

27 Jun 1763 - 31 Aug 1767  António Álvares da Cunha,          (b. c.1700 - d. 1791)

                             conde da Cunha 

17 Nov 1767 -  4 Nov 1769  António Rolim de Moura Tavares,    (b. 1709 - d. 1782)

                             conde de Azambuja 

 4 Nov 1769 - 30 Apr 1778  Luís de Almeida Portugal Soares,   (b. 1729 - d. 1790)

                             conde e marquês de Lavradio 

30 Apr 1778 -  9 May 1790  Luís de Vasconcellos e Sousa       (b. 1742 - d. 1809)

 9 May 1790 - 14 Oct 1801  José Luís de Castro, conde de      (b. 1744 - d. 1819) 

                             Resende 

14 Oct 1801 - 21 Aug 1806  José Fernandes de Portugal e       (b. 1752 - d. 1817)

                             Castro, conde e marquês de Aguiar 

14 Oct 1806 - 22 Jan 1808  Marcos de Noronha e Brito,         (b. 1769 - d. 1828)

                             conde dos Arcos 

22 Jan 1808 - 16 Dec 1815  Prince João de Bragança            (b. 1767 - d. 1826)

Queen

16 Dec 1815 - 20 Mar 1816  Maria I                            (b. 1734 - d. 1816)

                            (since 22 Jan 1808, in refunge in Brazil)

16 Dec 1815 - 20 Mar 1816  Prince João de Bragança -Regent    (s.a.)

                            (regent for incapacitated Maria I)

King

20 Mar 1816 -  7 Sep 1822  João VI                            (s.a.)

 7 Sep 1822 - 12 Oct 1822  Prince Pedro de Bragança -Regent   (b. 1798 - d. 1834)

Emperors¹

12 Oct 1822 -  7 Apr 1831  Pedro I                            (s.a.)

 7 Apr 1831 - 15 Nov 1889  Pedro II                           (b. 1825 - d. 1891)

 7 Apr 1831 - 18 Jun 1831  Provisional Regency

                           - José Joaquim Carneiro de Campos, (b. 1768 - d. 1836)  Res

                               visconde e marquês de 

                               Caravelas 

                           - Nicolau Pereira de Campos        (b. 1778 - d. 1859)  LM

                               Vergueiro

                           - Francisco de Lima e Silva        (b. 1785 - d. 1853)  Mil

18 Jun 1831 - 12 Oct 1835  Regency

                           - Francisco de Lima e Silva        (s.a.)               Mil

                           - José da Costa Carvalho           (b. 1796 - d. 1860)  LM

                           - João Bráulio Muniz               (b. 1796 - d. 1835)  LM

                              (to 20 Sep 1835)

12 Oct 1835 - 19 Sep 1837  Diogo António Feijó -Regent        (b. 1784 - d. 1843)  PL

19 Sep 1837 - 23 Jul 1840  Pedro de Araújo Lima -Regent       (b. 1793 - d. 1870)  PC

                             (provisional to 7 Oct 1838)

25 May 1871 - 31 Mar 1872  Princess Isabel (f) -Regent        (b. 1846 - d. 1921)

                             (1st time) 

26 Mar 1876 - 25 Sep 1877  Princess Isabel (f) -Regent        (s.a.)

                             (2nd time) 

30 Jun 1887 - 22 Aug 1888  Princess Isabel (f) -Regent        (s.a.)

                             (3rd time) 

Presidents

15 Nov 1889 - 23 Nov 1891  Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca          (b. 1827 - d. 1892)  Mil/Rep

                             (head of Provisional Government to 25 Feb 1891)

23 Nov 1891 - 15 Nov 1894  Floriano Vieira de Araújo Peixoto  (b. 1842 - d. 1895)  Mil/Rep

                             (acting) 

15 Nov 1894 - 15 Nov 1898  Prudente José de Morais Barros     (b. 1841 - d. 1902)  PRP

10 Nov 1896 -  4 Mar 1897  Manuel Vitorino Pereira            (b. 1853 - d. 1902)  PRP

                             (acting for Morais)

15 Nov 1898 - 15 Nov 1902  Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales      (b. 1841 - d. 1913)  PRP

15 Nov 1902 - 15 Nov 1906  Francisco de Paula Rodrigues       (b. 1848 - d. 1919)  PRP

                             Alves (1st time)

15 Nov 1906 - 14 Jun 1909  Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena        (b. 1847 - d. 1909)  PRM

14 Jun 1909 - 15 Nov 1910  Nilo Procópio Peçanha              (b. 1857 - d. 1926)  PRF

15 Nov 1910 - 15 Nov 1914  Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca        (b. 1855 - d. 1923)  Mil

15 Nov 1914 - 15 Nov 1918  Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes       (b. 1868 - d. 1966)  PRM

15 Nov 1918 - 16 Jan 1919  Francisco de Paula Rodrigues       (s.a.)               PRP

                             Alves (2nd time) 

15 Nov 1918 - 28 Jul 1919  Delfim Moreira da Costa Ribeiro    (b. 1868 - d. 1920)  PRM

                             (acting [for Alves to 16 Jan 1919])

28 Jul 1919 - 15 Nov 1922  Epitâcio da Silva Pessoa           (b. 1865 - d. 1942)  PRM

15 Nov 1922 - 15 Nov 1926  Artur da Silva Bernardes           (b. 1875 - d. 1955)  PRM

15 Nov 1926 - 24 Oct 1930  Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa   (b. 1869 - d. 1957)  PRP

24 Oct 1930 -  3 Nov 1930  Augusto Tasso Fragoso              (b. 1869 - d. 1945)  Mil

                             (chairman Government Junta)

 3 Nov 1930 - 29 Oct 1945  Getúlio Dorneles Vargas (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1954)  Non-party

                             (head of Provisional Government to 20 Jul 1934)

29 Oct 1945 - 31 Jan 1946  José Linhares                      (b. 1886 - d. 1957)  Non-party

31 Jan 1946 - 31 Jan 1951  Eurico Gaspar Dutra                (b. 1883 - d. 1974)  Mil/PSD

31 Jan 1951 - 24 Aug 1954  Getúlio Dorneles Vargas (2nd time) (s.a.)               PTB

24 Aug 1954 - 31 Jan 1956  João Fernandes de Campos Café      (b. 1899 - d. 1970)  PTB

                             Filho

 9 Nov 1955 - 11 Nov 1955  Carlos Coimbra da Luz              (b. 1894 - d. 1961)  PSD

                             (acting for Café)

11 Nov 1955 - 31 Jan 1956  Nereu de Oliveira Ramos            (b. 1889 - d. 1958)  PSD

                             (acting for Café)

31 Jan 1956 - 31 Jan 1961  Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira   (b. 1902 - d. 1976)  PSD

31 Jan 1961 - 25 Aug 1961  Jânio da Silva Quadros             (b. 1917 - d. 1992)  Non-party

25 Aug 1961 -  7 Sep 1961  Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli           (b. 1910 - d. 1975)  PSD

                             (1st time) (acting) 

 7 Sep 1961 -  1 Apr 1964  João Belchior Marques Goulart      (b. 1919 - d. 1976)  PTB

 1 Apr 1964 -  8 Apr 1964  Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli           (s.a.)               PSD

                             (2nd time) (acting)

 8 Apr 1964 - 15 Mar 1967  Humberto de Alencar Castelo        (b. 1900 - d. 1967)  Mil

                             Branco

15 Mar 1967 - 14 Oct 1969  Artur da Costa e Silva             (b. 1902 - d. 1969)  Mil

14 Oct 1969 - 30 Oct 1969  Military Junta

                           (ministers of navy, army, and military aeronautics)

                           (acting for Costa e Silva from 31 Aug 1969)

                           - Augusto Hamann Rademaker         (b. 1905 - d. 1985)  Mil

                               Grünewald 

                           - Aurélio de Lira Tavares          (b. 1905 - d. 1998)  Mil

                           - Márcio de Sousa e Mello          (b. 1906 - d. 1991)  Mil

30 Oct 1969 - 15 Mar 1974  Emílio Garrastazu Médici           (b. 1905 - d. 1985)  Mil/ARENA

15 Mar 1974 - 15 Mar 1979  Ernesto Beckmann Geisel            (b. 1907 - d. 1996)  Mil/ARENA

15 Mar 1979 - 15 Mar 1985  João Baptista de Oliveira          (b. 1918 - d. 1999)  Mil/ARENA

                             Figueiredo 

23 Sep 1981 - 12 Nov 1981  António Aureliano Chaves de        (b. 1929 - d. 2003)  ARENA

                             Mendonça (1st time)

                             (acting for Figueiredo)

14 Jul 1983 - 25 Aug 1983  António Aureliano Chaves de        (s.a.)               ARENA

                             Mendonça (2nd time)(acting for Figueiredo)

15 Mar 1985 - 21 Apr 1985  Tancredo de Almeida Neves          (b. 1910 - d. 1985)  PMDB

                             (underwent surgery and unable to take office)

15 Mar 1985 - 15 Mar 1990  José Sarney Costa                  (b. 1930)            PMDB

                             (vice president acting to 22 Apr 1985)

15 Mar 1990 - 29 Dec 1992  Fernando Alfonso Collor de Mello   (b. 1949)            PRN

 2 Oct 1992 -  1 Jan 1995  Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco     (b. 1930)            Non-party

                             (acting for suspended Collor to 29 Dec 1992)

 1 Jan 1995 -  1 Jan 2003  Fernando Henrique Silva Cardoso    (b. 1931)            PSDB

 1 Jan 2003 -              Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva          (b. 1945)            PT

 

 

Principal ministers (titled Ministro e Secretário de Estado dos Negócios do Reino;
from 12 Oct 1822, Ministro e Secretário de Estado dos Negócios do Império)
10 Mar 1808 - 24 Jan 1817  Fernando José de Portugal e        (b. 1752 - d. 1817) 
                             Castro, (from Dec 1808) conde e
                             (from 1813) marquês de Aguiar 
24 Jan 1817 - 21 Jun 1817  António de Araújo de Azevedo,      (b. 1754 - d. 1817)
                             conde da Barca 
23 Jun 1817 - 29 Nov 1817  João Paulo Bezerra 
29 Nov 1817 - 26 Feb 1821  Tomás António de Vila-Nova         (b. 1755 - d. 1839)
                             Portugal
26 Feb 1821 - 22 Apr 1821  Inácio da Costa Vilela 
22 Apr 1821 - 16 Jan 1822  Marcos de Noronha e Brito, conde   (b. 1771 - d. 1828)
                             dos Arcos de Vildevez 
16 Jan 1822 - 28 Oct 1822  José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva  (b. 1763 - d. 1838)
                             (1st time)
28 Oct 1822 - 30 Oct 1822  Jose Egídio Alvares de Almeida,    (b. 1767 - d. 1832)
                             marquês de Santo Amaro 
30 Oct 1822 - 17 Jul 1823  José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva  (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
17 Jul 1823 - 10 Nov 1823  José Joaquim Carneiro de Campos    (b. 1786 - d. 1836)
                             (1st time)
10 Nov 1823 - 14 Nov 1823  Francisco Vilela Barbosa           (b. 1769 - d. 1846)
14 Nov 1823 - 17 Nov 1823  Pedro de Araújo Lima (1st time)    (s.a.)
17 Nov 1823 - 14 Oct 1824  João Severiano Maciel da Costa     (b. 1769 - d. 1833)
14 Oct 1824 -  9 Nov 1825  Estêvão Ribeiro de Resende         (b. 1777 - d. 1856)
 9 Nov 1825 - 21 Nov 1825  Felisberto Caldeira Brant Pontes   (b. 1772 - d. 1842)
                             Oliveira e Horta, (from Oct 1825,
                             visconde de Barbacena) 
21 Nov 1825 - 20 Jan 1826  José Feliciano Fernandes Pinheiro  (b. 1774 - d. 1847)
20 Jan 1826 - 23 Jan 1826  João Vieira de Carvalho, barão,    (b. 1781 - d. 1847)
                             conde e marquês de Lajes
23 Jan 1826 - 20 Nov 1827  José Joaquim Carneiro de Campos,   (s.a.)
                             visconde (from 1826 e marquês)
                             de Caravelas (2nd time)
20 Nov 1827 - 15 Jun 1828  Pedro de Araújo Lima (2nd time)    (s.a.)
15 Jun 1828 -  4 Dec 1829  José Clemente Pereira              (b. 1787 - d. 1854)
 4 Dec 1829 - 12 Aug 1830  José Joaquim Carneiro de Campos,   (s.a.)
                             visconde e marquês de Caravelas
                             (3rd time)
12 Aug 1830 -  4 Oct 1830  João Inácio da Cunha, barão e      (b. 1781 - d. 1834)
                             visconde de Alcântara 
 4 Oct 1830 - 18 Mar 1831  José António da Silva Maia         (b. 1789 - d. 1853) 
                             (1st time)
18 Mar 1831 -  5 Apr 1831  Bernardo José da Gama, barão e     (b. 1782 - d. 1854)
                             visconde de Goiana (1st time)
 5 Apr 1831 -  6 Apr 1831  António Luís Pereira da Cunha,     (b. 1760 - d. 1837)
                             visconde e marquês de Inhambupe 
                             de Cima
 6 Apr 1831 -  7 Apr 1831  Bernardo José da Gama, barão e     (s.a.)
                             visconde de Goiana (2nd time)
 7 Apr 1831 - 26 Apr 1831  Bernardo José da Gama, barão e     (s.a.)
                             visconde de Goiana (3rd time)
26 Apr 1831 - 16 Jul 1831  Manuel José de Sousa França        (d. 1856)
16 Jul 1831 -  3 Jan 1832  José Lino dos Santos Coutinho      (b. 1784 - d. 1835)
 3 Jan 1832 -  3 Aug 1832  Diogo Antônio Feijó                (s.a.)
 3 Aug 1832 - 13 Sep 1832  António Francisco de Paula Holanda (b. 1797 - d. 1863)
                             Cavalcânti e Albuquerque 
13 Sep 1832 - 23 May 1833  Nicolau Pereira de Campos          (s.a.)
                             Vergueiro 
23 May 1833 - 10 Oct 1833  Aureliano de Sousa e Oliveira      (b. 1800 - d. 1855)
                             Coutinho 
10 Oct 1833 - 16 Jan 1835  António Pinto Chichorro da Gama    (b. 1800 - d. 1887)
16 Jan 1835 - 20 Jan 1835  Manuel do Nascimento Castro e      (b. 1788 - d. 1846)
                             Silva 
20 Jan 1835 - 14 Oct 1835  Joaquim Vieira da Silva e Sousa    (b. 1800 - d. 1864)
14 Oct 1835 -  5 Feb 1836  António Paulino Limpo de Abreu     (b. 1798 - d. 1883) 
                             (acting) (1st time)
 5 Feb 1836 -  7 Jun 1836  José Inácio Borges                 (b. 1780 - d. 1838)
 7 Jun 1836 - 29 Sep 1836  António Paulino Limpo de Abreu     (s.a.)
                             (acting) (2nd time)
29 Sep 1836 -  1 Nov 1836  Gustavo Adolfo de Aguilar Pantoja  (b. 1798 - d. 1867)
 1 Nov 1836 - 18 Mar 1837  Manuel da Fonseca Lima e Silva     (b. 1793 - d. 1869)
18 Mar 1837 - 16 May 1837  António Paulino Limpo de Abreu     (s.a.) 
                             (acting) (3rd time)
16 May 1837 - 19 Sep 1837  Manuel Alves Branco (1st time)     (b. 1797 - d. 1855) 
18 Sep 1837 - 19 Sep 1837  Pedro de Araújo Lima (3rd time)    (s.a.)
19 Sep 1837 - 16 Apr 1839  Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos    (b. 1795 - d. 1850)
                             (acting) (1st time) 
16 Apr 1839 -  1 Sep 1839  Francisco de Paula Almeida e       (b. 1795 - d. 1868) 
                             Albuquerque (acting)
 1 Sep 1839 -  2 May 1840  Manuel António Galvão              (b. 1791 - d. 1850)
 2 May 1840 - 18 May 1840  Francisco Ramiro de Assis Coelho 
18 May 1840 - 22 Jul 1840  Caetano Maria Lopes Gama (acting)  (b. 1795 - d. 1864)
22 Jul 1840  (9 hours)     Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos    (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
22 Jul 1840 - 24 Jul 1840  Joaquim José Rodrigues Torres      (b. 1802 - d. 1872)  PC
                             (acting)
24 Jul 1840 - 27 Mar 1841  António Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada  (b. 1773 - d. 1845)  PL
                             Machado e Silva 
27 Mar 1841 - 20 Jan 1843  Cândido José de Araújo Viana       (b. 1793 - d. 1875)  PC
20 Jan 1843 -  2 Feb 1844  José Antônio da Silva Maia         (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 2 Feb 1844 -  2 May 1846  José Carlos de Almeida Torres,     (b. 1799 - d. 1850)  PL
                             visconde de Macaé 
29 Sep 1845 -  2 May 1846  Manuel Alves Branco (1st time)     (s.a.)               PL
                             (acting for Torres, who is absent from the capital)
 2 May 1846 - 22 May 1847  Joaquim Marcelino de Brito         (b. 1799 - d. 1879)  PL
22 May 1847 - 20 Jul 1847  Manuel Alves Branco (2nd time)     (s.a.)               PL
                             (acting)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (Prime ministers)

20 Jul 1847 -  7 Mar 1848  Manuel Alves Branco                (s.a.)               PL

 8 Mar 1848 - 31 May 1848  José Carlos Pereira de Almeida     (s.a.)               PL

                             Torres, visconde de Macaé 

31 May 1848 - 29 Sep 1848  Francisco de Paula Sousa e Melo    (b. 1791 - d. 1851)  PL

29 Sep 1848 -  8 Oct 1849  Pedro de Araújo Lima,              (s.a.)               PC

                             visconde de Olinda (1st time)

 8 Oct 1849 - 11 May 1852  José da Costa Carvalho, barão e    (s.a.)               PC

                             visconde de Monte Alegre

11 May 1852 -  6 Sep 1853  Joaquim José Rodrigues Torres      (s.a.)               PC
                             (1st time)

 6 Sep 1853 -  3 Sep 1856  Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão,     (b. 1801 - d. 1856)  PC

                             visconde e (from 1854)

                             marquês de Paraná

 3 Sep 1856 -  4 May 1857  Luís Alves de Lima e Silva,        (s.a.)               PC

                             barão, visconde e marquês de 

                             Caxias (1st time)

 4 May 1857 - 12 Dec 1858  Pedro de Araújo Lima,              (s.a.)               PC

                             visconde e marquês de Olinda

                             (2nd time)

12 Dec 1858 - 10 Aug 1859  António Paulino Limpo de Abreu,    (s.a.)               PL

                             visconde de Abaeté

10 Aug 1859 -  2 Mar 1861  Ângelo Muniz da Silva Ferraz       (b. 1812 - d. 1867)  PC

 2 Mar 1861 - 24 May 1862  Luís Alves de Lima e Silva,        (s.a.)               PC

                             barão, visconde e marquês de 

                             Caxias (2nd time)

24 May 1862 - 30 May 1862  Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos     (b. 1815 - d. 1877)  PL

                             (1st time)

30 May 1862 - 15 Jan 1864  Pedro de Araújo Lima,              (s.a.)               PC

                             visconde e marquês de Olinda

                             (3rd time)

 8 Oct 1862 - 18 Nov 1862  Miguel Calmon du Pin e Almeida,    (b. 1794 - d. 1865)  PL

                             visconde e marquês de Abrantes

                             (acting for Olinda)

15 Jan 1864 - 31 Aug 1864  Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos     (s.a.)               PL

                             (2nd time)

31 Aug 1864 - 12 May 1865  Francisco José Furtado             (b. 1818 - d. 1870)  PL

12 May 1865 -  3 Aug 1866  Pedro de Araújo Lima,              (s.a.)               PL

                             visconde e marquês de Olinda

                             (4th time)

 3 Aug 1866 - 16 Jul 1868  Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos     (s.a.)               PL

                             (3rd time)

16 Jul 1868 - 29 Sep 1870  Joaquim José Rodrigues Torres,     (s.a.)               PC

                             visconde de Itaboraí (2nd time)

29 Sep 1870 -  7 Mar 1871  José Antônio Pimenta Bueno,        (b. 1803 - d. 1878)  PC

                             visconde de São Vicente

 7 Mar 1871 - 25 Jun 1875  José Maria da Silva Paranhos,      (b. 1819 - d. 1880)  PC 

                             visconde de Rio Branco 

25 Jun 1875 -  5 Jan 1878  Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, barão, (s.a.)               PC

                             conde, marquês e duque de 

                             (3rd time) 

 5 Jan 1878 - 28 Mar 1880  João Lins Vieira Cansação de       (b. 1810 - d. 1907)  PL

                             Sinimbú, visconde de Sinimbú 

28 Mar 1880 - 21 Jan 1882  José Antônio Saraiva dito          (b. 1823 - d. 1895)  PL

                             o conselheiro (1st time)

21 Jan 1880 -  3 Jul 1882  Martinho Álvares da Silva Campos   (b. 1816 - d. 1887)  PL

 3 Jul 1882 - 24 May 1883  João Lustosa da Cunha Paranaguá,   (b. 1821 - d. 1912)  PL

                             visconde e marquês de Paranaguá

24 May 1883 -  6 Jun 1884  Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira        (b. 1834 - d. 1917)  PL

 6 Jun 1884 -  6 May 1885  Manuel Pinto de Sousa Dantas       (b. 1831 - d. 1894)  PL

 6 May 1885 - 20 Aug 1885  José Antônio Saraiva dito          (s.a.)               PL

                             o conselheiro (2nd time) 

20 Aug 1885 - 10 Mar 1888  João Maurício Wanderley,           (b. 1815 - d. 1889)  PC

                             barão de Cotegipe 

10 Mar 1888 -  7 Jun 1889  João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira   (b. 1835 - d. 1919)  PC

 7 Jun 1889 - 15 Nov 1889  Alfonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo, (b. 1836 - d. 1912)  PL

                             visconde de Ouro Preto 

15 Nov 1889 -  8 Sep 1961  Post Abolished

Prime ministers (presidents of the council ministers)

 8 Sep 1961 -  3 Jul 1962  Tancredo de Almeida Neves          (b. 1910 - d. 1985)  PSD

 3 Jul 1962 - 10 Jul 1962  Auro Soares de Moura Andrade       (b. 1915 - d. 1982)  PSD

10 Jul 1962 - 18 Sep 1962  Francisco de Paula Brochado da     (b. 1910 - d. 1962)  PSD

                             Rocha

18 Sep 1962 - 24 Jan 1963  Hermes Lima                        (b. 1902 - d. 1978)  PSB

 

Noble titles: senhor/senhora = lord/lady;barão = baron; marquês/marquêsa = marquis/marquessa; conde/condesa = count/countess; visconde = viscount; duque/duquesa = duke/duchess; príncipe/princesa = prince/princess; rei/rainha = king/queen; imperador/imperatriz = emperor/
empress.

Territorial Disputes: Unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute with Uruguay over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada boundary streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina; in 2004 Brazil submitted its claims to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to extend its maritime continental margin. 

Party abbreviations: PMDB = Partido do Movimento Democrético Brasileiro (Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, center-left, est.1980); PSB = Partido Socialista Brasileiro (Brazilian Socialist Party, socialist, 1947-65, 1985-); PSDB = Partido da Social Democracia Brasileiro (Party of the Brazil Social-Democracy, social-democratic, est.1988); PT = Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers' Party, center-left, est.1980); PTB = Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (Brazilian Labor Party, center-left, 1945-65, 1980-); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: ARENA = Alliança Renovadora Nacional (Alliance for National Renewal, party created by military dictators, 1966-79); LM = Liberal-Moderata (Moderate Liberal, 19th cent.);
PC = Partido Conservador (Conservative Party, conservative, 19th cent.); PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal Party, center-right, 19th cent.); PDC = Partido Democrético Cristão (Christian Democratic Party, 1985-93); PPB = Partido Progressista Brasileiro (Brazilian Progressive Party, authoritarian conservative, 1995-2003); PRF= Partido Republicano Fluminense (Republican Party of Niteroi, great city of the state of Rio de Janeiro); PRM = Partido Republicano Mineiro (Republican Party of the state of Minas Gerais);PRN = Partido da Reconstrução Nacional (Party of National Reconstruction, 1989-2001); PRP = Partido Republicano Paulista (Republican Party of the state of São Paulo); PSD = Partido Socialista Democrético (Social Democratic Party, 1945-65, 1990-2002); Rep = Republicano (Republican, 19th cent.); Res = Restaurador (Restoration, 19th cent.)

10 Nov 1555                French settlement at modern Rio de Janeiro, Fort
                             Coligny or Antarctic France (Antarctiques Françaises).
16 Mar 1560                Portuguese take control.

Governors
10 Nov 1555 - 1559         Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon 
1559 - 16 Mar 1560         Bois-le-Comte

Governors
1630 - 1632                Diedrik van Waerdenburgh
1632 - 1634                Councillors
                           - Mathias van Ceulen
                           - Johan Gijsselingh
1634 - 1637                Sigismund van Schoppe
Governors-general
1637 - 1644                Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen
1644 - 1647                Councillors
                           - Hendrik Hamel 
                           - Pieter Bas 
                           - Dirk Codde van der Burgh
                               (to 1644)
                           - Adriaan Bullestrate 
1647 - 1654                Councillors
                           - Walter van Schoenburgh 
                           - Michiel van Goch (to 1653)
                           - Simon van Beaumont
                               (to 1649)
                           - Abraham Trouwers
                               (to 1647)
                           - Hendrik Haecxs

Pernambuco
 

Governors
 7 Mar 1817 - 18 May 1817  Provisional government
                           - João Ribeiro Pessoa de Melo      (b. 1766 - d. 1817)
                               Montenegro 
                           - Domingos Teotônio Jorge Martins  (b. 17.. - d. 1817)
                               Pessoa 
                           - José Luís de Mendonça            (b. 17.. - d. 1817)
                           - Manuel Correia de Araújo
                           - Domingos José Martins            (b. 1781 - d. 1817)
Military and Civil Governor
18 May 1817 - 20 May 1817  Domingos Teotônio Jorge Martins    (s.a.)
                             Pessoa 

 2 Jul 1824                Confederation of the Equator (Confederação do Equador)(at various
                             times including Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco,
                             and southern Ceara provinces) proclaimed.
29 Nov 1824                Armed forces of the Confederação capitulate to the 
                             imperial army.

President (styled Supremo Govêrno Provincial)
 2 Jul 1824 - 29 Nov 1824  Manuel de Carvalho Pais de Andrade (b. 1780 - d. 1855)

Note: Local agitators in several Northern states in the 1830's were called cabanos. The term Cabanagem refers to one particular severe uprising in the province of Pará. It was definitely in defiance of the imperial government, but while it superseded the president of Pará province with a succession of cabanos (see below), that was the purported extent of its dissidence. The record does not suggest that the intent was to have Pará secede from the empire.

 7 Jan 1835                "Revolucao do Cabanagem" rebellion against imperial rule in
                             Pará province.
28 Jul 1835 - 1836         Imperial Authority Re-established.
1836                       Cabangem revolutionaries regain control of the province.
30 Oct 1836                Imperial Authority Re-established.

Cabanos
 7 Jan 1835 - 21 Feb 1835  Félix Antônio Clemente Malcher     (b. 1782 - d. 1835)
21 Feb 1835 - 28 Jul 1835  Francisco Pedro Vinagre            (b. 1793 - d. 1873)
28 Jul 1835 - 1836         Imperial authority reestablished
1836 - 30 Oct 1836         Eduardo Francisco Nogueira
                             dito Angelim                     (b. 1814 - d. 1882)

                   1837 - Mar 1838

 7 Nov 1837                  Unconditional independence of the province of Bahia
                               proclaimed.
 9 Nov 1837                  The proclamation is slightly modified by the adding of "until 
                               the majority of the Emperor" (the revolt being against 
                               the regency).
14 Mar 1838                  Bahia taken by Imperial troops.
15 Mar 1838                  Last rebels surrender.

Acting President
 7 Nov 1837 - 14 Mar 1838  João Carneiro da Silva Rego

Secretary of State (leader of the revolt)
 7 Nov 1837 - 14 Mar 1838  Francisco Sabino Álvares da Rocha  (d. 1846)
                             Vieira 
                            (from 19 Jan 1838, Minister of Home and Foreign Affairs)

 6 Nov 1836                Rio Grande Republic (also called Republic of Piratini).
28 Feb 1845                Re-incorporation into Brazil.

Presidents
 6 Nov 1836 - 16 Dec 1837  José Gomes de Vasconcelos Jardim   (b. 1784 - d. 1854)
                             (1st time) 
16 Dec 1837 -  4 Aug 1843  Bento Gonçalves da Silva Pinto     (b. 1788 - d. 1847)
 4 Aug 1843 - 28 Feb 1845  José Gomes de Vasconcelos Jardim   (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 

           10 Aug 1839 - 15 Nov 1839
 

Capital: Nossa Senhora do Desterro (from 1895 Florianópolis)

Population: N/A

29 Jul 1839                Catarinan Republic
15 Nov 1839                Re-incorporation into Brazil.

President of the Municipal Chamber of São Antônio dos Anjos da Laguna
29 Jul 1839 -  7 Aug 1839  Vicente Francisco de Oliveira
Provisional Vice-President of the Republic
 7 Aug 1839 - 15 Nov 1839  Vicente Ferreira dos Santos Cordeiro

27 Mar 1867                Acre granted to Bolivia in the Treaty of Ayacucho.
14 Jul 1899                Independent State of Acre
                            (informally styled Republic of Acre).
25 Apr 1900                Re-incorporated into Bolivia.
 7 Aug 1902/15 Jan 1903    Independent State of Acre
13 May 1903                Occupied by Brazil.
31 Aug 1903                Independent State of Acre
17 Nov 1903                Acre purchased from Bolivia for two million pounds 
                             in the Treaty of Petrópolis (border demarcated 8 Sep 1909).
25 Feb 1904                Incorporated into Brazil.

Presidents of the Provisional Government
(colloquially styled President of the Republic)
14 Jul 1899 -  1 Jan 1900  Luís Galvez Rodrigues de Arias     (b. 1859 - d. 1946)
                             (1st time)
 1 Jan 1900 - Jan 1900     Antônio de Sousa Braga
Jan 1900 - 30 Jan 1900     Governing Junta
30 Jan 1900 - 15 Mar 1900  Luís Galvez Rodrigues de Arias     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
15 Mar 1900 - 25 Apr 1900  Joaquim Vítor da Silva (acting)
Commander-in-Chief of the Acrean Army
 7 Aug 1902 - 15 Jan 1903  José Plácido de Castro             (b. 1873 - d. 1908)
Governor
15 Jan 1903 - 13 May 1903  José Plácido de Castro (1st time)  (s.a.)
31 Aug 1903 - 25 Feb 1904  José Plácido de Castro (2nd time)  (s.a.)

1886 - 1887  Independent Guiana

1887 - 1904 Counani

1904 - 1912  Counani

18 Dec 1841                A region disputed between Brazil and French Guiana (present
                             Amapá state) is temporarily neutralized.
23 Jul 1886                The pro-French Republic of Independent Guiana proclaimed
                             (also called Republic of Counani).
 2 Sep 1887                Following Brazilian protests against this intrusion in the
                             neutral territory, French authorities terminate the republic.
10 Dec 1894                The pro-Brazilian Independent Territory of Amapá proclaimed
                             (also called Republic of Counani).
1895                       Following major military clash with the French the 
                             government of Independent Territory of Amapá disbanded.
 1 Dec 1900                Brazil and France having decided to submit the problem to
                             the president of Switzerland, the latter decides the area
                             belongs to Brazil.
25 Feb 1901                Incorporated into Brazil, part of the state of Pará; already
                             claimed by the state government since 21 Jan 1901.

Pro-French republic

Chief of the Captaincy
23 Jul 1886 - 1886         Trajano Benitez
Presidents (from 2 Sep 1887 in name only)
1886 - 1891                Jules Gros                         (b. 1829 - d. 1891)
1892 - 1894                Adolphe Brézet (1st time)
1894 - 1901                Albert Franken
1901 - 1911                Adolphe Brézet (2nd time)
1911 - 19..                Jules Gros, Jr.

President of the Council of Ministers
1886 -  2 Sep 1887         Jean Ferréol Guigues

Pro-Brazilian territory

Chairman of the Provisional Government
10 Dec 1894 - 26 Dec 1894  Desidério Antônio Coelho
Chairmen of the Triumvirate
26 Dec 1894 - Jan 1895     Domingos Maltez
Jan 1895                   Francisco Xavier da Veiga Cabral   (b. 1861 - d. 1905)
                             "O Cabralzino"