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Portugal
 
[Portuguese flag of 1143]
             1143 - 1185
 
[Portuguese flag of 1185]
             1185 - 1248
 
[Portuguese flag of 1248]
             1248 - 1385
 
[Portuguese flag of 1385]
             1385 - 1485
 
[Portuguese flag of 1485]
             1485 - 1495 
 
[1495 flag of Portugal]
                     1495 - 1578
 
[1578 flag of Portugal]
                      1578 - 1640
 
[1640 flag of Portugal]
                     1640 - 1667 
 
[1667 flag of Portugal]
                     1667 - 1706 
 
[1706 flag of Portugal]
                      1706 - 1816 
 
[1816 flag of Portugal]
                      1816 - 1833
 
[1830 flag of Portugal - Version with unequal fields]
            18 Oct 1830 - 29 Nov 1910
 
[Portugal]
  29 Nov 1910 - 30 Jun 1911 (Provisional)
               Adopted 30 Jun 1911
 

 
 
Map of Portugal
Hear National Anthem
"A Portugesa"
(The Portuguese)
Adopted 1910
Former National Anthem
"Hino da Carta Constitucional"
(Hymn to the Constitutional Chart)
(1834 - 1910)
--------------------------------------
Former National Anthe
"Hymno Patriótico"
(Patriotic Anthem)
(1809-1834)
Constitution
(25 Apr 1976) 
Capital: Lisbon
(Coimbra 1139-1255;
Guimarães 1095-1139;
Oporto 886-1095)
Currency: Euro (EUR);
to 1 Jan 2002 Portuguese
Escudo (PTE)
National Holiday: 10 Jun (1580)
Portugal Day
Population: 10,676,910 (2008)
GDP: $237.3 billion (2008)
Exports: $57.8 billion (2008)
Imports: $87.9 billion (2008)
Ethnic groups: Portuguese 91.9%, mixed race people from
Angola, Cape Verde, and Mozambique 1.6%,
Brazilian 1.4%,
Marrano 1.2%, other European 1.2%,
Han Chinese 0.9%,
 other 1.8% (2000)
Total Active Armed Forces: 43,960 (2006)
U.S. Troops: 940 (2006)

Merchant marine: 117 ships (2008)
Religions: Christian 92.4% (of which Roman Catholic 87.4%,
independent Christian 2.7%, Protestant 1.3%,
other Christian 1%, nonreligious/atheist 6.5%,
Buddhist 0.6%, other 0.5% (2000) 
International Organizations/Treaties: ADB (nonregional), AfDB (nonregional), AG, ANT, APM, BIS, BTWC, CE, CERN, CFE, CPLP, CTBT, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ENMOD (signatory), ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, LAIA (observer), LU, MIGA, MTCR, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NPT, NSG, NTBT, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI (observer), SEGIB, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO,  ZC
Portugal Index
Chronology

886                        County of Porto, within Kingdom of Asturias.
1093                       County of Portugal, within Kingdom of León.
27 Jul 1139                Kingdom of Portugal (from 1253, sometimes: Kingdom
                             of Portugal and of the Algarve).
 5 Oct 1143                Independence recognized by Castile and León.
1471                       Kingdom of Portugal and of the Algarves.
18 Jul 1580 -  1 Dec 1640  Personal union with Spain.
30 Nov 1807 - 30 Aug 1808  Continental Portugal occupied by France.
 1 Feb 1808 - 30 Aug 1808  Ruler and dynasty deposed in Portugal (but not in
                             Brazil, etc.), and state governed in the name 
                             of France.
29 Mar 1809 - 12 May 1809  Oporto and northern Portugal occupied by France.
15 Sep 1810 -  5 Apr 1811  Alentejo and parts of Portugal occupied by France.
 3 Apr 1812 - 24 Apr 1812  Parts of Portugal re-occupied by France.
16 Dec 1815                United Kingdom of Portugal, and of Brazil, and 
                             Algarves.
26 Feb 1821                United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarve.
 7 Sep 1822                Brazil declares independence.
 2 Jun 1823                United Kingdom of Portugal, and of Brazil, and 
                             Algarves.
13 May 1825                Kingdom of Portugal (separated de jure 
                             from Brazil).
 5 Oct 1910                Portuguese Republic

Azores
Madeira
French and British
Interventions

(1807-1821)
Historical maps
of Portugal
 
 
 
 
 
 

Counts of Porto
868 - 8..                  Vimarano Pérez
c.899 - 9..                Hermenegildo González y Mumadona 
                             (Menedo I)
9.. - 9..                  Guterres Mendes
9.. - 9..                  Froila Guterres
9.. - 9..                  Rosendo Gutterres
9.. - 9..                  Jimeno Dias
926 - 950                  Ramiro (in Viseu and León)
950 - 960                  ....
960 - 9..                  Gonçalo Menéndez
9.. - 1008                 Menendo (II) Gonçalves             (d. 1008)
1008 - 10..                Toda Mumadona
10.. - 1028                Nuno (I) Alvitiz 
1028 - 1052                Menendo (III) Nuñez                (d. 1052)
1052 - 1071                Nuno (II) Menéndez                 (d. 1071)
Counts of Portugal (in Coimbra)
Jul 1064 - 1092            Sisnando Davidiz                   (d. 1092)
1092 - 25 Feb 1094         Martim Moniz
1093 - Dec 1107            Raimundo                           (d. 1107) 
                             (in Lisbon, Santarém, and Coimbra) 
1094 -  1 Nov 1112         Henrique (al. Henri)               (b. 1066 - d. 1112)
 1 Nov 1112 - 24 Jun 1128  Teresa -Countess                   (b. 1070 - d. 1130)
1121 - 112.                Fernando Pérez, conde de Trava     (d. af.1154)
                             (pretender in Porto)
24 Jun 1128 - 27 Jul 1139  Afonso Henriques                   (b. 1110 - d. 1185)
Kings¹ 
27 Jul 1139 -  6 Dec 1185  Afonso I "o Conquistador"          (s.a.)
 6 Dec 1185 - 27 Mar 1211  Sancho I "o Povoador"              (b. 1154 - d. 1211) 
27 Mar 1211 - 25 Mar 1223  Afonso II "o Gordo"                (b. 1185 - d. 1223) 
25 Mar 1223 -  3 Jan 1248  Sancho II "o Capello"              (b. 1207 - d. 1248) 
21 Sep 1245 -  3 Jan 1248  Afonso, conde de Bolonha -Regent   (b. 1210 - d. 1279)
 3 Jan 1248 - 16 Feb 1279  Afonso III "o Bolonhês"            (s.a.)
                             (conde de Bolonha)
16 Feb 1279 -  7 Jan 1325  Dinis "o Lavrador"                 (b. 1261 - d. 1325) 
 7 Jan 1325 - 28 May 1357  Afonso IV "o Bravo"                (b. 1290 - d. 1357)
28 May 1357 - 18 Jan 1367  Pedro I "o Justiceiro"             (b. 1320 - d. 1367) 
18 Jan 1367 - 22 Oct 1383  Fernando I "o Formoso"             (b. 1345 - d. 1383) 
22 Oct 1383 -  6 Apr 1385  Beatriz -Queen                     (b. 1372 - d. af.1409)
22 Oct 1383 - 16 Dec 1383  Leonor Teles de Menezes -Regent    (b. 135. - d. 1386)
16 Dec 1383 -  6 Apr 1385  João Mestre de Avis -Regent        (b. 1357 - d. 1433)
 6 Apr 1385 - 14 Aug 1433  João I "de Boa Memória"            (s.a.)
                             (Mestre de Avis)
Nov 1383 - 1385            Juan I, king of Castile (pretender)(b. 1358 - d. 1390)
14 Aug 1433 -  9 Sep 1438  Duarte "o Eloquente"               (b. 1391 - d. 1438)
 9 Sep 1438 - 28 Aug 1481  Afonso V "o Africano"              (b. 1432 - d. 1481)
 9 Sep 1438 - 1440         Leonor de Aragão -Regent           (b. c.1402 - d. 1445)
1440 - 1448                Pedro, conde de Coimbra -Regent    (b. 1392 - d. 1449)
28 Aug 1481 - 25 Oct 1495  João II "o Príncipe Perfeito"      (b. 1455 - d. 1495)
25 Oct 1495 - 13 Dec 1521  Manuel I "o Venturoso"             (b. 1469 - d. 1521)
13 Dec 1521 - 11 Jun 1557  João III "o Piedoso"               (b. 1502 - d. 1557)
11 Jun 1557 -  4 Aug 1578  Sebastião "o Desejado"             (b. 1554 - d. 1578)
11 Jun 1557 - Dec 1562     Catarina de Áustria (f) -Regent    (b. 1507 - d. 1578)
Dec 1562 - Jan 1568        Henrique Cardeal -Regent           (b. 1512 - d. 1580)

27 Aug 1578 - 31 Jan 1580  Henrique "o Castro"                (s.a.)
18 Jul 1580 - 13 Sep 1598  Filipe I (Felipe II of Spain)      (b. 1527 - d. 1589)
13 Sep 1598 - 31 Mar 1621  Filipe II (Felipe III of Spain)    (b. 1578 - d. 1621)

31 Mar 1621 -  1 Dec 1640  Filipe III (Felipe IV of Spain)    (b. 1605 - d. 1665)
 1 Dec 1640 -  1 Dec 1640  Regents (governors of the kingdom)
                           - Rodrigo da Cunha, arcebispo de   (b. 1577 - d. 1643)
                               Lisboa 
                           - Sebastião de Matos de Noronha,   (b. 1586 - d. 1641)
                               arcebispo de Braga 
                           - Lourenço de Lima Brito e Nogueira,
                               visconde de Vila Nova de Cerveira
 1 Dec 1640 -  6 Nov 1656  João IV "o Restaurador"            (b. 1604 - d. 1656)
 6 Nov 1656 - 12 Sep 1683  Afonso VI "o Vitorioso"            (b. 1643 - d. 1683)
 6 Nov 1656 - 23 Jun 1662  Luísa Francisca de                 (b. 1613 - d. 1666)
                             Gusmão (f) -Regent
1662 - 1667                Luís de Vasconcellos e Sousa,      (b. 1636 - d. 1720)
                             conde de Castelo Melhor -Regent 
                            (de facto)
23 Nov 1667 - 12 Sep 1683  Pedro, duque de Bragança -Regent   (b. 1648 - d. 1706)
12 Sep 1683 -  9 Dec 1706  Pedro II " o Pacífico"             (s.a.)
Jul 1705 - 31 Dec 1705     Catarina Henriqueta de             (b. 1638 - d. 1705)
                             Bragança (f) -Regent
 9 Dec 1706 - 31 Jul 1750  João V "o Magnânimo"               (b. 1689 - d. 1750)
31 Jul 1750 - 24 Feb 1777  José I "o Reformador"              (b. 1706 - d. 1777)
1774 - 24 Feb 1777         Maria Ana Vitória de               (b. 1729 - d. 1781) 
                             Bourbon (f) -Regent 
24 Feb 1777 - 20 Mar 1816  Maria I "a Piedosa" -Queen         (b. 1734 - d. 1816)
                           (left Portugal 27 Nov 1807; arrived in Brazil 7 Mar 1808)
                           - jointly with -
24 Feb 1777 -  5 Mar 1786  Pedro III                          (b. 1717 - d. 1786)
15 Jul 1799 - 20 Mar 1816  Príncipe João de Bragança -Regent  (b. 1767 - d. 1826)
                            (regent for incapacitated Maria I 15 Jul 1799 - 20 Mar 1816)
Agent Exercising French Authority²
 1 Feb 1808 - 30 Aug 1808  Jean-Andoche Junot, duc            (b. 1771 - d. 1813)
                             d'Abrantès 
Regencies (in Portugal representing the Bragança dynasty)
27 Nov 1807 -  1 Feb 1808  Governors of the Kingdom
                           - Pedro de Lencastre da Silveira   (b. 1771 - d. 1828)
                               Castelo Branco Sá e Meneses,
                               marquês de Abrantes, conde 
                               de Vila Nova de Portimão 
                           - Francisco da Cunha Meneses       (b. 1747 - d. 1812) 
                               (1st time) 
                           - Francisco Rafael de Castro       (b. 1750 - d. 1816)
                           - Pedro de Melo Breyner            (b. 1751 - d. 1830)
                           - Francisco Xavier de Noronha
                               (1st time)
15 Sep 1808 - Mar 1809     Governors of the Kingdom
                           - Francisco Xavier de Noronha
                               (2nd time)
                           - Francisco da Cunha Meneses       (s.a.)
                               (2nd time) 
                           - Francisco de Melo da Cunha de    (b. 1761 - d. 1821)
                               Mendonça e Meneses, marquês de
                               Olhão (from 21 Dec 1808) conde 
                               de Castro Marim 
                           - João Francisco de Sousa          (d. 1808)
                               Lencastre e Noronha, marquês 
                               das Minas, conde do Prado 
                               (to 20 Sep 1808)
                           - António de São Jose de Castro,   (d. 1814)
                               bispo do Porto
King¹
20 Mar 1816 - 10 Mar 1826  João VI "o Clemente"               (s.a.)
                            (ruling from Brazil to 3 Jun 1821; 13 May 1825, 
                             resigns rights to Brazilian throne)
Mar 1809 - 15 Sep 1820     William Carr Beresford,            (b. 1768 - d. 1854)
                             (from 1813) duque de Elvas, 
                             (and from 1814) barão Beresford 
                             de Albuera y Cappoquín -Regent
26 Feb 1821 -  4 Jul 1821  Domingos António de Sousa Coutinho,(b. 1765 - d. 1833)
                             conde do Funchal -Regent
                             (acting 1819 - 15 Sep 1820)
 6 Mar 1826 - 26 Feb 1828  Isabel Maria (f)                   (b. 1801 - d. 1876)
                            (president of the Council of Regency)
10 Mar 1826 -  3 Mar 1828  Pedro IV "o Libertador"            (b. 1798 - d. 1834)
                            (regent for Maria II  3 Mar - 3 Jul 1828 
                             and 15 Mar 1830 - 20 Sep 1834)
Queen¹ 
 3 Mar 1828 - 11 Jul 1828  Maria II da Glória (1st time)      (b. 1819 - d. 1853)
Chairmen of the Revolutionary Junta (in Porto)
20 May 1828 -  2 Jul 1828  António Hipólito da Costa,         (b. 1756 - d. 1839)
                             visconde de Alhos Vedros
                            (in rebellion)

King¹
11 Jul 1828 - 26 May 1834  Miguel I "o Rei Absoluto"          (b. 1802 - d. 1866)
                            (regent for Pedro IV 26 Feb 1828 - 3 Mar 1828 
                             and for Maria II 3 - 11 Jul 1828)
Queen¹ 
26 May 1834 - 15 Nov 1853  Maria II da Glória (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                            (beginning in rebellion in the Azores
                             and parts of Portugal 15 Mar 1830)
Kings¹
15 Nov 1853 - 11 Nov 1861  Pedro V "o Esperançoso"            (b. 1837 - d. 1861)
19 Dec 1853 - 16 Sep 1855  Fernando II                        (b. 1816 - d. 1885)
                            (titular king, regent for Pedro V)
11 Nov 1861 - 19 Oct 1889  Luís I "o Popular"                 (b. 1838 - d. 1889)
19 Oct 1889 -  1 Feb 1908³ Carlos I "o Diplomata"             (b. 1863 - d. 1908)
 1 Feb 1908 -  5 Oct 1910  Manuel II "o Patriota"             (b. 1889 - d. 1932)
Presidents
 5 Oct 1910 - 24 Aug 1911  Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga    (b. 1843 - d. 1924)  PRP
                             (1st time)
                            (president of Provisional Government)
24 Aug 1911 - 29 May 1915  Manuel José de Arriaga Brum da     (b. 1840 - d. 1917)  PRP
                             Silveira e Peyrelongue 
29 May 1915 -  5 Oct 1915  Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga    (s.a.)               PRP
                             (2nd time) 
 5 Oct 1915 - 12 Dec 1917  Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães  (b. 1851 - d. 1944)  PD
                             (1st time)
12 Dec 1917 - 14 Dec 1918  Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da      (b. 1872 - d. 1918)  Mil
                             Silva Pais 
                            (president of Revolutionary Junta 11-27 Dec 1917;
                             acting president 27 Dec 1917 - 9 May 1918)
14 Dec 1918 - 16 Dec 1918  Council of Ministers
                           - João do Canto e Castro Silva     (b. 1862 - d. 1934)  Mil
                               Antunes 
                           - António Bernardino de Sousa                           Mil
                               Ferreira
                           - António Caetano de Abreu Freire  (b. 1874 - d. 1955)  Mil
                               Egas Moniz 
                           - Álvaro César de Mendonça         (b. 1875 - d. 1959)  Mil
                           - Jorge Couceiro da Costa          (b. 1858 - d. 1937)
                           - João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa  (b. 1883 - d. 1948)  Mil
                           - Alexandre José Botelho de        (b. 1872 - d. 1929)
                               Vasconcelos e Sá 
                           - João Alberto Pereira de Azevedo  (b. 1877 - d. 1955)
                               Neves 
                           - José Alfredo Mendes de Magalhães (b. 1870 - d. 1957)
                           - Eduardo Fernandes de Oliveira    (b. 1882 - d. 1943)
                           - Henrique Forbes de Bessa                              Mil
                           - José João Pinto da Cruz Azevedo  (b. 1888 - d. 19..)  Mil
16 Dec 1918 -  5 Oct 1919  João do Canto e Castro Silva       (s.a.)               Mil
                             Antunes 
19 Jan 1919 - 13 Feb 1919  Henrique Mitchell de Paiva         (b. 1861 - d. 1944)  Mil/Mon
                             Couceiro 
                             (chairman Governing Junta of the Kingdom of Portugal
                             [in the name of Manuel II], in Porto and much of the North)
 5 Oct 1919 -  5 Oct 1923  António José de Almeida            (b. 1866 - d. 1929)  PRE
 5 Oct 1923 - 11 Dec 1925  Manuel Teixeira Gomes              (b. 1860 - d. 1941)  PD
11 Dec 1925 - 31 May 1926  Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães  (s.a.)               PD
                             (2nd time) 
31 May 1926 - 17 Jun 1926  José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior       (b. 1883 - d. 1965)  Mil
                             (acting)
17 Jun 1926 -  9 Jul 1926  Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa  (b. 1863 - d. 1929)  Mil
                             (acting)
 9 Jul 1926 - 18 Apr 1951  António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona   (b. 1869 - d. 1951)  Mil;1930 UN
                             (acting to 29 Nov 1926; interim 29 Nov 1926 - 15 Apr 1928)
 3 Feb 1927 -  7 Feb 1927  Gastão de Sousa Dias               (b. 1864 - d. 1934)  Mil
                             (chairman of the Junta; in rebellion in Oporto)
18 Apr 1951 -  9 Aug 1951  António de Oliveira Salazar        (b. 1889 - d. 1970)  UN 
                             (acting)
 9 Aug 1951 -  9 Aug 1958  Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes    (b. 1894 - d. 1964)  Mil/UN
 9 Aug 1958 - 25 Apr 1974  Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomás    (b. 1894 - d. 1987)  Mil/UN
25 Apr 1974 - 30 Sep 1974  António Sebastião Ribeiro de       (b. 1910 - d. 1996)  Mil/MFA
                             Spínola 
                             (chairman Junta of National Salvation to 15 May 1974) 
30 Sep 1974 - 14 Jul 1976  Francisco da Costa Gomes           (b. 1914 - d. 2001)  Mil/MFA
14 Jul 1976 -  9 Mar 1986  António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes   (b. 1935)            PRD
 9 Mar 1986 -  9 Mar 1996  Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares   (b. 1924)            PS
 9 Mar 1996 -  9 Mar 2006  Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio   (b. 1939)            PS
 9 Mar 2006 -              Aníbal António Cavaco Silva        (b. 1939)            PSD
 

Spanish Viceroys (vice-reis de Portugal)
18 Jul 1580 - 11 Dec 1582  Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y       (b. 1507 - d. 1582)
                             Pimentel, duque d'Alba
11 Feb 1583 -  5 Jul 1593  Alberto de Áustria,                (b. 1559 - d. 1621)
                             Arquiduque de Áustria
 5 Jul 1593 - 1598         Government Junta

                           - Miguel de Castro, arcebispo de   (b. 1536 - d. 1625)
                               Lisboa (chairman of the Junta)
                           - João da Silva, conde de
                               Portalegre
                           - Francisco Mascarenhas, conde     (b. c.1530 - d. 1608)
                               de Vila da Horta 
                           - Duarte de Castelo Branco,
                               conde de Sabugal
                           - Miguel de Moura                  (b. 1538 - d. 1600)
1598 - 29 Jan 1600         Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y      (b. 1553 - d. 1625)
                             Rojas, marqués de Denia y
                             duque de Lerma

29 Jan 1600 - 1603         Cristóvão de Moura e Távora,       (b. 1538 - d. 1613)
                             marqués de Castelo Rodrigo
                             (1st time)
1603                       Afonso de Castelo Branco, bispo    (b. 1522 - d. 1615)
                             de Coimbra e conde de Arganil
                             (1st time)(acting)
1603                       Cristóvão de Moura e Távora,       (s.a.)
                             marqués de Castelo Rodrigo
                             (2nd time)
1603 - 24 May 1605         Afonso de Castelo Branco, bispo    (s.a.)
                             de Coimbra e conde de Arganil

                             (2nd time)(acting)
24 May 1605 - Feb 1608     Pedro de Castilho, bispo de        (d. 1613)
                             Leiria (1st time)
Feb 1608 - 1612            Cristóvão de Moura e Távora,       (s.a.)
                             marqués de Castel Rodrigo
                             (3rd time)
1612                       Pedro de Castilho, bispo de        (s.a.)
                             Leiria (2nd time)
1612 - 1615                Frei Aleixo de Meneses,            (b. 1559 - d. 1617)
                             arcebispo de Braga
1615 - 10 May 1619         Miguel de Castro, arcebispo        (s.a.)
                             de Lisboa 
10 May 1619 -  1 Sep 1621  Diogo de Silva e Mendonça,         (b. 1654 - d. 1630)
                             conde de Salinas, marqués de
                             Alenquer 
 1 Sep 1621 - 30 Aug 1623  Government Junta
                           - Martim Alonso de Mexia,          (d. 1623)
                               bispo de Coimbra 
                               (President of the Junta)
                           - Diogo de Castro, conde de Basto
                           - Nuno Álvares Pereira Colon y     (d. 1622)
                               Portugal, duque de Veragua    
                               (to 1622)
30 Aug 1623 - 1631         Government Junta
                           - Diogo de Castro, conde de Basto
                               (President of the Junta)
                           - Afonso Furtado de Mendonça,      (b. 1561 - d. 1630)
                               bispo de Coimbra e conde de
                               Arganil
                           - Diogo da Silva, conde de         (d. 1640)
                               Portalegre
1631 - Mar 1632            Government Junta
                           - António de Ataíde, conde da      (b. c.1567 - d. 1647)
                               Castanheira e conde de Castro
                               Daire
(President of the Junta) 
                           - Nuno de Mendonça, conde de Vale  (b. c.1560 - d. 1632?) 
                               de Reis
Mar 1632 - 12 May 1633     Nuno de Mendonça, conde de Vale    (s.a.) 
                             de Reis
12 May 1633 -  4 Jul 1633  João Manuel de Ataíde, arcebispo   (d. 1633)
                             de Lisboa                       
1633 - 1634                Diogo de Castro, conde de Basto 
23 Dec 1634 -  1 Dec 1640  Margarida de Sabóia, duquesa       (b. 1589 - d. 1656)
                             de Mântua e Montferrat (f)
Secretaries of State (title Secretário de Estado)
1635 -  1 Dec 1640         Miguel de Vasconcelos              (b. 1600 - d. 1640)
1640 - 1642                Francisco de Lucena                (d. 1643)
1642 - 1656                Pedro Vieira da Silva
1656 - 1662                Gaspar de Faria Severim
12 Jul 1662 -  9 Sep 1667  Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa,       (b. 1636 - d. 1720)
                             conde de Castelo Melhor
 9 Sep 1667 - 24 Apr 1704  Vacant
24 Apr 1704 -  9 May 1736  Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real       (b. 1658 - d. 1736)
 2 Sep 1736 -  4 Oct 1747  João da Mota e Silva Cardeal da
   (b. 1685 - d. 1747)
                             Mota                          
 4 Oct 1747 - 1749         Marco António de Azevedo Coutinho
1749 -  2 Aug 1750         Frei Gaspar da Encarnação          (b. 1685 - d. 1752)

 2 Aug 1750 -  4 Mar 1777  Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello (b. 1699 - d. 1782)
                             conde de Oeiras, marquês de Pombal
 4 Mar 1777 -  9 Dec 1785  Aires de Sá e Melo                 (b. 1690? - d. 1786)
 9 Dec 1785 -  1 Apr 1786  Martinho de Melo e Castro          (b. 1716 - d. 1795)
 1 Apr 1786 - 15 Dec 1788  Tomás Xavier Teles da Silva,       (b. 1755 - d. 1839)
                             marquês de Ponte Lima
15 Dec 1788 -  6 Jan 1801  Luís Pinto de Sousa Coutinho,      (b. 1735 - d. 1804)
                             visconde de Balsemão (1st time)
 6 Jan 1801 - 21 May 1801  João Carlos de Bragança, duque     (b. 1719 - d. 1806)
                             de Lafões                    
21 May 1801 - 23 Jul 1801  Rodrigo Domingos de Sousa Coutinho (b. 1745 - d. 1812)
                             Teixeira de Andrade, conde de
                             Linhares
23 Jul 1801 - 25 Aug 1803  João de Almeida Melo e Castro      (b. 1756 - d. 1814)
25 Aug 1803 -  5 Dec 1803  Luís Pinto de Sousa Coutinho       (s.a.)
                             visconde de Balsemão (2nd time)
 5 Dec 1803 - 15 Apr 1804  João Rodrigues de Sá e Melo,       (b. 1755 - d. 1809)          
                             visconde de Anadia
15 Apr 1804 -  6 Jul 1804  Diogo José de Noronha,             (b. 1747 - d. 1806)
                             conde de Vila Verde
 6 Jul 1804 - 26 Nov 1807  António de Araújo de Azevedo,      (b. 1754 - d. 1817)
                             conde da Barca 
26 Nov 1807 - 20 Sep 1808  Miguel Pereira Forjaz Coutinho     (b. 1769 - d. 1827)
                             Barreto de Sá e Resende,
                             
conde de Feira (acting)
26 Sep 1808 - 25 Oct 1810  Cipriano Ribeiro Freire (acting)   (b. 1749 - d. 1824)
Principal ministers (title Ministro e Secretário de Estado dos 
Negócios do Reino)(in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to 23 Dec 1820)
10 Mar 1808 - 24 Jan 1817  Fernando José de Portugal e        (b. 1752 - d. 1817) 
                             Castro, (from Dec 1808 conde 
                             [from 1813 e marquês] de Aguiar) 
24 Jan 1817 - 21 Jun 1817  António de Araújo de Azevedo,      (b. 1754 - d. 1817)
                             conde da Barca 
23 Jun 1817 - 29 Nov 1817  João Paulo Bezerra de Seixas       (b. 1756 - d. 1817) 
29 Nov 1817 - 26 Feb 1821  Tomás António de Vila-Nova Portugal(b. 1755 - d. 1839)
Presidents of the Provisional Supreme Governing Junta of the Kingdom
27 Sep 1820 - 26 Jan 1821  Gomes Freire de Andrade            (b. 1757 - d. 1817)
24 Aug 1820 - 28 Sep 1820  António da Silveira Pinto da       (b. 1770 - d. 1858)
                             Fonseca, visconde de Canelas
                            (in Porto)
28 Sep 1820 - 27 Jan 1821  Gomes Freire de Andrade            (b. 1757 - d. 1817)
President of the Council of Regency (designated by Constituent C
ortes)
27 Jan 1821 -  5 Jul 1821  Manuel António de Sampaio Melo e   (b. 1783 - d. 1842)
                             Castro Terres Lusignan, conde 
                             de Sampaio (in Lisbon)
Principal ministers (title Ministro de Estado e Ministro
Assistentes ao Despacho
)
24 Feb 1821 -  5 Jul 1821  Inácio da Costa Quintela           (b. 1763 - d. 1838)
 5 Jul 1821 -  7 Sep 1821  Silvestre Pinheiro Ferreira        (b. 1769 - d. 1846)

 7 Sep 1821 - 27 May 1823  Filipe Ferreira de Araújo e Castro (b. 1771 - d. 1849)
27 May 1823 - 30 May 1823  José António Faria de Carvalho     (d. 1840)
30 May 1823 -  1 Jun 1823  Joaquim Pedro Gomes de Oliveira    (b. 1762 - d. 1833)
 1 Jun 1823 - 19 Mar 1824  Manuel Inácio Martins Pamplona     (b. 1760 - d. 1832)
                             Corte Real, conde de Subserra

                            (Ministério dos inauferíveis direitos de El-Rei)
19 Mar 1824 - 14 May 1824  José António de Oliveira Leite de  (b. 1749 - d. 1833)

                             Barros, conde de Basto
14 May 1824 - 15 Jan 1825  Pedro de Sousa Holstein, marquês   (b. 1781 - d. 1850) 
                             e conde de Palmela 
15 Jan 1825 -  1 Aug 1826  José Joaquim de Almeida e Araújo   (d. 1856) 
                             Correia de Lacerda
 1 Aug 1826 -  6 Dec 1826  Francisco Manuel Trigoso de        (b. 1777 - d. 1838) 
                             Aragão Morato 
 6 Dec 1826 - 16 Dec 1826  Luís Manuel de Moura Cabral        (b. 1763 - d. 1846)
16 Dec 1826 -  8 Jun 1827  Francisco Alexandro Lobo,          (b. 1763 - d. 1844)
                             bisop de Viseu 
 8 Jun 1827 -  7 Sep 1827  Manuel Francisco de Barros de      (b. 1791 - d. 1836)
                             Sousa da Mesquita de Macedo
                             Leitão e Carvalhosa, 
                             visconde de Santarém
 7 Sep 1827 - 26 Feb 1828  Carlos Honório de Gouveia Durão    (b. 1766 - d. 1846)
Governor of the Kingdom
 7 Sep 1827 - 26 Feb 1828  Príncipe Miguel de Bragança        (s.a.)
Pricipal ministers (title Ministro Assistente ao Despacho)(Miguelist regime)
26 Feb 1828 -  1 Jul 1831  Nuno Caetano Alvares Pereira de    (b. 1799 - d. 1837)
                             Melo, duque de Cadaval 
 1 Jul 1831 -  2 Aug 1833  José António de Oliveira Leite     (s.a.)
                             de Barros, conde de Basto 
22 Sep 1833 - 26 May 1834  António José Guião
Pricipal ministers (title Ministro e Secretário de Estado dos
Negócios do Reino
)(Liberal regime in exile)
20 May 1828 -  2 Jun 1828  António Hipólito da Costa,         (s.a.)
                             visconde de Alhos Vedros (in Porto)
                            (President of the Revolutionary Junta)
15 Jun 1829 - 15 Mar 1830  
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, marquês e (s.a.)               Lib
                             conde de Palmela (1st time) 
15 Mar 1830 -  2 Jul 1831  Luís da Silva Mouzinho de          (b. 1792 - d. 1846)  Lib
                             Albuquerque (1st time)
 2 Jul 1831 - 10 Oct 1831  José António Ferreira Brak-Lamy    (b. 1781 - d. 1847)  Lib
10 Oct 1831 -  3 Mar 1832  José Dionísio da Serra             (b. 1772 - d. 1836)  Lib
 3 Mar 1832 - 29 Jul 1832  
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, marquês e (s.a.)               Lib
                             conde de Palmela (2nd time) 
29 Jul 1832 - 25 Sep 1832  Luís da Silva Mouzinho de  (s.a.)
                             Albuquerqu
e (2nd time)
25 Sep 1832 - 10 Nov 1832  Pedro de Sousa Holstein, marquês e (s.a.)               Lib
                             conde de Palmela (3rd time) 
10 Nov 1832 - 18 Nov 1832  Luís da Silva Mouzinho de          (s.a.)               Lib
                             Albuquerque (3rd time)
18 Nov 1832 - 12 Jan 1833  Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de         (b. 1795 - d. 1876)  Lib
                             Figueiredo, barão de Sá da Bandeira

12 Jan 1833 - 26 Mar 1833  Cândido José Xavier Dias da        (b. 1769 - dd. 1833) Lib
                             Silva (1st time)
26 Mar 1833 - 21 Apr 1833  Luís da Silva Mouzinho d
e          (s.a.)               Lib
                             Albuquerque (4th time)
21 Apr 1833 - 15 Oct 1833  Cândido José Xavier Dias da        (s.a.)               Lib
                             Silva (2nd time)
15 Oct 1833 - 23 Apr 1834  Joaquim António de Aguiar          (b. 1792 - d. 1884)  Lib
23 Apr 1834 - 24 Sep 1834  Bento Pereira do Carmo             (b. 1776 - d. 1845)  Lib

Prime ministers (presidents of the council of ministers)
24 Sep 1834 - 27 May 1835  Pedro de Sousa Holstein, marquês e (s.a.)               Lib
                             conde de Palmela (1st time) 
27 May 1835 - 18 Nov 1835  João Carlos Gregório Domingues     (b. 1790 - d. 1876)  Non-party
                             Vicente Francisco de Saldanha
                             Oliveira e Daun, marquês e 
                             conde de Saldanha (1st time) 
18 Nov 1835 - 20 Apr 1836  José Jorge Loureiro                (b. 1791 - d. 1860)  Non-party
20 Apr 1836 - 10 Sep 1836  António José de Sousa Manuel e     (b. 1792 - d. 1860)  Lib
                             Meneses Severim de Noronha, duque
                             de Terceira, marquês e 
                             conde de Vila-Flor (1st time)
10 Sep 1836 -  4 Nov 1836  José Manuel Inácio da Cunha Faro   (b. 1788 - d. 1849)  Non-party
                             Meneses Portugal da Gama Carneiro
                             e Sousa, conde de Lumiares
 4 Nov 1836 -  5 Nov 1836  José Bernardino de Portugal e      (b. 1780 - d. 1840)  Non-party
                             Castro, marquês de Valença, 
                             conde de Vimioso 
 5 Nov 1836 -  2 Jun 1837  Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de         (b. 1795 - d. 1876)  Non-party
                             Figueiredo, visconde e barão de 
                             Sá da Bandeira (1st time)
 2 Jun 1837 - 10 Aug 1837  António Dias de Oliveira           (b. 1804 - d. 1863)  Non-party
10 Aug 1837 - 18 Apr 1839  Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de         (s.a.)               Non-party
                             Figueiredo, visconde e barão de 
                             Sá da Bandeira (2nd time) 
18 Apr 1839 - 26 Sep 1839  Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro Pimentel de  (b. 1788 - d. 1841)  Non-party
                             Almeida Carvalhais, barão da
                             Ribeira de Sabrosa 
26 Sep 1839 -  9 Jul 1841  José Lúcio Travassos Valdez,       (b. 1787 - d. 1862)  Lib
                             conde e barão de Bonfim 
 9 Jul 1841 -  7 Feb 1842  Joaquim António de Aguiar          (b. 1792 - d. 1884)  Lib
                             (1st time) 
 7 Feb 1842 -  9 Feb 1842  Pedro de Sousa Holstein, duque,    (s.a.)               Lib
                             marquês e conde de Palmela
                             (2nd time) 
 9 Feb 1842 - 20 May 1846  António José de Sousa Manuel e     (s.a.)               Lib
                             Meneses Severim de Noronha, duque
                             de Terceira, marquês e 
                             conde de Vila-Flor (2nd time)
20 May 1846 -  6 Oct 1846  Pedro de Sousa Holstein, duque,    (s.a.)               Lib
                             marquês e conde de Palmela
                             (3rd time)
 6 Oct 1846 - 18 Jun 1849  João Carlos Gregório Domingues     (s.a.)               Lib
                             Vicente Francisco de Saldanha
                             Oliveira e Daun, duque (from 4 Nov
                             1847), marquês e conde de Saldanha
                             (2nd time)
18 Jun 1849 - 26 Apr 1851  António Bernardo da Costa Cabral,  (b. 1803 - d. 1889)  Lib
                             conde de Tomar 
26 Apr 1851 -  1 May 1851  António José de Sousa Manuel e     (s.a.)               Lib
                             Meneses Severim de Noronha, duque
                             de Terceira, marquês e 
                             conde de Vila-Flor (3rd time) 
 1 May 1851 -  6 Jun 1856  João Carlos Gregório Domingues     (s.a.)               Reg
                             Vicente Francisco de Saldanha
                             Oliveira e Daun, duque, marquês
                             e conde de Saldanha (3rd time)
 6 Jun 1856 - 16 Mar 1859  Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim  (b. 1804 - d. 1875)  Hist
                             de Moura Barreto, marquês de Loulé,
                             conde de Vale de Reis (1st time)
16 Mar 1859 -  1 May 1860  António José de Sousa Manuel e     (s.a.)               Reg
                             Meneses Severim de Noronha, duque
                             de Terceira, marquês e
                             conde de Vila-Flor (4th time)
 1 May 1860 -  4 Jul 1860  Joaquim António de Aguiar          (s.a.)               Reg
                             (2nd time) 
 4 Jul 1860 - 17 Apr 1865  Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim  (s.a.)               Hist
                             de Moura Barreto, duque (from
                             3 Oct 1862) e marquês de Loulé,
                             conde de Vale de Reis (2nd time)
17 Apr 1865 -  4 Sep 1865  Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de         (s.a.)               Ref
                             Figueiredo, visconde e barão de 
                             Sá da Bandeira (3rd time)
 4 Sep 1865 -  4 Jan 1868  Joaquim António de Aguiar          (s.a.)               Fus
                             (3rd time) 
 4 Jan 1868 - 22 Jul 1868  António José de Ávila,             (b. 1806 - d. 1881)  Non-party 
                             conde de Ávila (1st time) 
22 Jul 1868 - 11 Aug 1869  Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de         (s.a.)               Ref
                             Figueiredo, visconde e barão de
                             Sá da Bandeira (4th time) 
11 Aug 1869 - 19 May 1870  Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim  (s.a.)               Hist
                             de Moura Barreto, duque e marquês
                             de Loulé, conde de Vale de Reis
                             (3rd time) 
19 May 1870 - 29 Aug 1870  João Carlos Gregório Domingues     (s.a.)               Reg
                             Vicente Francisco de Saldanha
                             Oliveira e Daun, duque, marquês
                             e conde de Saldanha (4th time) 
30 Aug 1870 - 29 Oct 1870  Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de         (s.a.)               Ref
                             Figueiredo, visconde e barão de
                             Sá da Bandeira (5th time) 
29 Oct 1870 - 13 Sep 1871  António José de Ávila,             (s.a.)               Ref
                             marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 
                             conde de Ávila (2nd time) 
13 Sep 1871 -  6 Mar 1877  António Maria de Fontes Pereira    (b. 1819 - d. 1887)  Reg
                             de Melo (1st time) 
 6 Mar 1877 - 26 Jan 1878  António José de Ávila,             (s.a.)               Ref
                             marquês de Ávila e Bolama,
                             conde de Ávila (3rd time) 
26 Jan 1878 - 29 May 1879  António Maria de Fontes Pereira    (s.a.)               Reg
                             de Melo (2nd time) 
29 May 1879 - 23 Mar 1881  Anselmo José Braamcamp             (b. 1819 - d. 1885)  Prog
23 Mar 1881 - 14 Nov 1881  António Rodrigues Sampaio          (b. 1806 - d. 1882)  Reg
14 Nov 1881 - 16 Feb 1886  António Maria de Fontes Pereira    (s.a.)               Reg
                             de Melo (3rd time)
16 Feb 1886 - 14 Jan 1890  José Luciano de Castro Pereira     (b. 1835 - d. 1914)  Prog
                             Corte-Real (1st time) 
14 Jan 1890 - 11 Oct 1890  António de Serpa Pimentel          (b. 1825 - d. 1900)  Reg
11 Oct 1890 - 18 Jan 1892  João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa   (b. 1811 - d. 1895)  Mil
18 Jan 1892 - 22 Feb 1893  José Dias Ferreira                 (b. 1837 - d. 1909)  Non-party
22 Feb 1893 -  5 Feb 1897  Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro     (b. 1849 - d. 1907)  Reg
                             (1st time)
 5 Feb 1897 - 26 Jul 1900  José Luciano de Castro Pereira     (s.a.)               Prog
                             Corte-Real (2nd time)
26 Jul 1900 - 20 Oct 1904  Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro     (s.a.)               Reg
                             (2nd time) 
20 Oct 1904 - 19 Mar 1906  José Luciano de Castro Pereira     (s.a.)               Prog
                             Corte-Real (3rd time)
19 Mar 1906 - 19 May 1906  Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro     (s.a.)               Reg
                             (3rd time) 
19 May 1906 -  4 Feb 1908  João Franco Ferreira Pinto         (b. 1855 - d. 1929)  Reg-Lib
                             Castelo Branco 
 4 Feb 1908 - 26 Dec 1908  Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do      (b. 1844 - d. 1923)  Non-party
                             Amaral
26 Dec 1908 - 11 Apr 1909  Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques  (b. 1853 - d. 1922)  Non-party
11 Apr 1909 - 14 May 1909  Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles  (b. 1847 - d. 1921)  Non-party
14 May 1909 - 22 Dec 1909  Venceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima (b. 1858 - d. 1919)  Non-party
22 Dec 1909 - 26 Jun 1910  Francisco António de Veiga Beirão  (b. 1841 - d. 1916)  Non-party
26 Jun 1910 -  4 Oct 1910  António Teixeira de Sousa          (b. 1857 - d. 1917)  Reg
 5 Oct 1910 -  3 Sep 1911  Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga    (s.a.)               PRP
                             (president of Provisional Government)
 3 Sep 1911 - 12 Nov 1911  João Pinheiro Chagas               (b. 1863 - d. 1925)  UR
12 Nov 1911 - 16 Jun 1912  Augusto César de Almeida           (b. 1867 - d. 1951)  PD
                             Vasconcelos Correia
16 Jun 1912 -  9 Jan 1913  Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva      (b. 1864 - d. 1950)  PD
 9 Jan 1913 -  9 Feb 1914  Afonso Augusto da Costa (1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1937)  PD
 9 Feb 1914 - 12 Dec 1914  Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães  (s.a.)               PD
                             (1st time)
12 Dec 1914 - 28 Jan 1915  Vítor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho     (b. 1871 - d. 1955)  PD
28 Jan 1915 - 14 May 1915  Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro  (b. 1846 - d. 1918)  Mil
14 May 1915 - 17 May 1915  Constitutional Junta
                           - José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton (b. 1867 - d. 1955)  Mil
                               de Matos
                           - António Maria da Silva           (b. 1872 - d. 1950)  Mil
                           - José de Freitas Ribeiro          (b. 1868 - d. 1929)  Mil
                           - Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso    (b. 1864 - d. 1950)  Mil
                           - Álvaro Xavier de Castro          (b. 1878 - d. 1929)  Mil
17 May 1915 - 29 Nov 1915  José de Castro                     (b. 1868 - d. 1929)  Mil 
29 Nov 1915 - 16 Mar 1916  Afonso Augusto da Costa (2nd time) (s.a.)               PD
16 Mar 1916 - 25 Apr 1917  António José de Almeida            (s.a.)               PRE
25 Apr 1917 -  8 Dec 1917  Afonso Augusto da Costa (3rd time) (s.a.)               PD
12 Dec 1917 - 14 Dec 1918  Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da      (s.a.)               Mil
                             Silva Pais 
                            (president of the revolutionary committee; de facto)
23 Dec 1918 - 27 Jan 1919  João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa    (s.a.)               Mil
19 Jan 1919 - 13 Feb 1919  Henrique Mitchell de Paiva         (s.a.)               Mil/Mon
                             Couceiro
                             (chairman Governing Junta of the Kingdom of Portugal
                             [in the name of Manuel II], in Porto and much of the North)
27 Jan 1919 - 30 Mar 1919  José Carlos de Mascarenhas Relvas  (b. 1858 - d. 1929)  PRP
30 Mar 1919 - 30 Jun 1919  Domingos Leite Pereira (1st time)  (b. 1882 - d. 1956)  PD
30 Jun 1919 - 21 Jan 1920  Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso      (s.a.)               Mil
21 Jan 1920 -  8 Mar 1920  Domingos Leite Pereira (2nd time)  (s.a.)               PD
 8 Mar 1920 -  6 Jun 1920  António Maria Baptista             (b. 1866 - d. 1920)  Mil
 6 Jun 1920 - 26 Jun 1920  José Ramos Preto (acting)          (b. 1871 - d. 1949)  PD
26 Jun 1920 - 19 Jul 1920  António Maria da Silva (1st time)  (s.a.)               PD
19 Jul 1920 - 20 Nov 1920  António Joaquim Granjo (1st time)  (b. 1881 - d. 1921)  PRL
20 Nov 1920 - 30 Nov 1920  Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1st time) (s.a.)               Mil
30 Nov 1920 -  2 Mar 1921  Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto      (b. 1880 - d. 1949)  Mil
 2 Mar 1921 - 23 May 1921  Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães  (s.a.)               PD
                             (2nd time)
23 May 1921 - 30 Aug 1921  Tomé José de Barros Queirós        (b. 1872 - d. 1926)  PRL
30 Aug 1921 - 19 Oct 1921  António Joaquim Granjo (2nd time)  (s.a.)               PRL
19 Oct 1921 -  5 Nov 1921  Manuel Maria Coelho                (b. 1857 - d. 1943)  Mil
 5 Nov 1921 - 16 Dec 1921  Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia      (b. 1866 - d. 1932)  Mil
                             Pinto 
16 Dec 1921 -  7 Feb 1922  Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal      (b. 1888 - d. 1970)  UNR
 7 Feb 1922 - 15 Nov 1923  António Maria da Silva (2nd time)  (s.a.)               PD
15 Nov 1923 - 18 Dec 1923  António Ginestal Machado           (b. 1874 - d. 1940)  PL
18 Dec 1923 -  7 Jul 1924  Álvaro Xavier de Castro (2nd time) (s.a.)               PD?
 7 Jul 1924 - 22 Nov 1924  Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar           (b. 1865 - d. 1938)  Mil
22 Nov 1924 - 15 Feb 1925  José Domingues dos Santos          (b. 1885 - d. 1958)  PD
15 Feb 1925 -  1 Jul 1925  Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho        (b. 1876 - d. 1957)  Mil
                             Guimarães
 1 Jul 1925 -  1 Aug 1925  António Maria da Silva (3rd time)  (s.a.)               PD
 1 Aug 1925 - 18 Dec 1925  Domingos Leite Pereira (3rd time)  (s.a.)               PD
18 Dec 1925 - 30 May 1926  António Maria da Silva (4th time)  (s.a.)               PD
30 May 1926 - 17 Jun 1926  José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior       (s.a.)               Mil
17 Jun 1926 -  9 Jul 1926  Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa  (s.a.)               Mil
 9 Jul 1926 - 18 Apr 1928  António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona   (s.a.)               Mil
 3 Feb 1927 -  7 Feb 1927  Jaime Zuzarte Cortesão             (b. 1884 - d. 1960)
                             (head of the civil government; in rebellion in Porto)
18 Apr 1928 -  8 Jul 1929  José Vicente de Freitas            (b. 1869 - d. 1952)  Mil
 8 Jul 1929 - 21 Jan 1930  Artur Ivens Ferraz                 (b. 1879 - d. 1933)  Mil
21 Jan 1930 -  5 Jul 1932  Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa    (b. 1873 - d. 1957)  UN
                             e Oliveira 
 5 Jul 1932 - 25 Sep 1968  António de Oliveira Salazar        (b. 1889 - d. 1970)  UN
25 Sep 1968 - 25 Apr 1974  Marcelo das Neves Alves Caetano    (b. 1906 - d. 1980)  UN
16 May 1974 - 18 Jul 1974  Adelino da Palma Carlos            (b. 1905 - d. 1992)  Non-party 
18 Jul 1974 - 19 Sep 1975  Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves         (b. 1921 - d. 2005)  Mil/MFA
19 Sep 1975 - 23 Jul 1976  José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo  (b. 1917 - d. 1983)  Mil/MFA
23 Jul 1976 - 28 Aug 1978  Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares   (s.a.)               PS
                             (1st time)
28 Aug 1978 - 22 Nov 1978  Alfredo Nobre da Costa             (b. 1923 - d. 1996)  Non-party 
22 Nov 1978 -  1 Aug 1979  Carlos da Mota Pinto               (b. 1936 - d. 1985)  Non-party
 1 Aug 1979 -  3 Jan 1980  Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo (f)     (b. 1930 - d. 2004)  Non-party 
 3 Jan 1980 -  4 Dec 1980  Francisco Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro (b. 1934 - d. 1980)  CDS
 4 Dec 1980 -  9 Jan 1981  Diogo Freitas do Amaral (acting)   (b. 1941)            CDS
 9 Jan 1981 -  9 Jun 1983  Francisco Pinto Balsemão           (b. 1937)            PSD 
 9 Jun 1983 -  6 Nov 1985  Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares   (s.a.)               PS
                             (2nd time) 
 6 Nov 1985 - 30 Oct 1995  Aníbal António Cavaco Silva        (s.a.)               PSD 
30 Oct 1995 -  6 Apr 2002  António Manuel de Oliveira         (b. 1949)            PS
                             Guterres
 6 Apr 2002 - 17 Jul 2004  José Manuel Durão Barroso          (b. 1956)            PSD
17 Jul 2004 - 12 Mar 2005  Pedro Miguel Santana Lopes         (b. 1956)            PSD
12 Mar 2005 -              José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de    (b. 1957)            PS
                             Sousa

  ¹The style of the ruler was:
(a) 1249 - 22 Auyg 1471: Por graça de Deus Rei/Rainha de Portugal e do Algarve ("By the grace of God, King/Queen of Portugal and of the Algarve");
(b) 22 Aug 1415 - c.1467: Por graça de Deus Rei/Rainha de Portugal e do Algarve, Senhor/Senhora de Ceuta ("by the grace of God, King/Queen of Portugal and of the Algarve, Lord/Lady of Ceuta");
(c) c.1467 - 1471: Por graça de Deus Rei/Rainha de Portugal e do Algarve, Senhor/Senhora de Ceuta e de Alcácer em África ("by the grace of God, King/Queen of Portugal and of the Algarve, Lord/Lady of Ceuta and of Alcácer in Africa");
(d) 1471 - 1499: Por graça de Deus Rei/Rainha de Portugal e dos Algarves, d’Aquém e d’Além-mar em África ("by the grace of God, King/Queen of Portugal and of the Algarves, on this side of the Sea and Beyond it, in Africa");
(e) 1499 - 16 Dec 1815, 13 May 1825 - 10 Sep 1836, 10 Feb 1842 - 5 Oct 1910: Por graça de Deus, Rei/Rainha de Portugal e dos Algarves de aquém e de além-mar em África, Senhor/Senhora da Guiné e da Conquista, Navegação e Comércio da Etiópia, Arábia, Pérsia, e da Índia ("by the grace of God, King/Queen of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord/Lady of Guinea and of the Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and of India");
(f) 16 Dec 1815 - 26 Feb 1821, 2 Jun 1823 - 13 May 1825: Por graça de Deus, Rei/Rainha do Reino Unido de Portugal, e do Brasil, e Algarves de aquém e de além mar em África, Senhor/Senhora da Guiné e da Conquista, Navegação e Comércio da Etiópia, Arábia, Pérsia, e da Índia ("by the grace of God, King/Queen of United Kingdom of Portugal and of Brazi and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord/Lady of Guinea and of the Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and of India");
(g) 26 Feb 1821 -  2 Jun 1823
: Por graça de Deus e pela constituição da monarquia, Rei do Reino-Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarve de aquém e de além-mar em África, Senhor da Guiné e da Conquista, Navegação e Comércio da Etiópia, Arábia, Pérsia, e da Índia ("by the grace of God and the people constitutional monarch, King of United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazi and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of the Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and of India");
(h) 10 Sep 1836 - 10 Feb 1842: Por graça de Deus e pela constituição da monarquia, Rei/Rainha de Portugal e Algarves de aquém e de além-mar em África, Senhor/Senhora da Guiné e da Conquista, Navegação e Comércio da Etiópia, Arábia, Pérsia, e da Índia ("by the grace of God and the people constitutional monarch, King/Queen of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord/Lady of Guinea and of the Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and of India").

 ²The immediate agent of French authority was Jean-Andoche Junot titled duc d'Abrantès (duque de Abrantes)(s.a.), apparently without a specific style.

 ³The heir apparent, Prince Luís Filipe (b. 1887 - d. 1908), assassinated with Carlos I on 
1 Feb 1908, outlived Carlos I by minutes, but was neither proclaimed nor recorded as king.

Noble titles: marquês/marquesa = marquis/marquesa; conde/condessa = count/countess; 
visconde/viscondessa = viscount/viscountess; duque/duquesa = duke/duchess;
príncipe/princesa = prince/princess; barão/baronesa = baron/baroness; senhor/senhora = lord/lady; rei/rainha = king/queen

Territorial Dispute: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza/Olivença based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz. In official Portuguese maps the border is unmarked in that region (left bank of Guadiana river south of Badajoz), and until recently Portuguese was the local language. Although the annexation is still unrecognized, the question is far from being a major problem between both countries.

Party Abbreviations: CDS = Centro Democrático Social (Social and Democratic Center); 
PRD = Partido Renovador Democrático (Party of Democratic Renovation); PS = Partido Socialista (Socialist Party, social-democratic); PSD = Partido Social Democrata (Social Democrat Party, moderate conservative, est. 3 May 1974 as PPD [Partido Popular Democrático], renamed PSD 1976); Mil = Military;
- Former Parties: DE = Democrático Evolucionista (Democratic Evolutionist); Fus = Fusion (coalition of Hist and Reg parties); Hist = Partido Histórico (Historical or Progressive party, liberal, 1854-1876); Lib = Liberal (not a formal party group; conservative);
MFA = Movimento das Forças Armadas (Movement of Armed Forces, military, socialist 1973-76); 
Mon = Monárqicos (Monarchist); PD = Partido Democrático (Democratic Party); PRE = Partido Republicano Evolucionista (Republican Evolutionist Party); PRL = Partido Republicano Liberal (Liberal Republican Party); Prog = Progressive (merger of Hist and Ref parties 1876-1911);
PRP = Partido Republicano Português (Portuguese Republican Party, 1910-1929); Rad = Radical (radical conservative); Ref = Partido Reformista (Reformist or Popular Party 1865-76);
Reg = Partido Regenerador (Regenerator Party, liberal conservative, 1851-1910);
Reg-Lib = Partido Regenerador Liberal (Liberal Regenerator Party); UN = União Nacional (National Union, authoritarian, conservative, 1 Mar 1969 renamed Acção Nacional Popular [National Popular Action] -only legal party 1930-1974); ULR = União Liberal Republicana (Liberal Republican Union); UNR = União Nacional Republicana (Republican National Union, renamed UR Feb 1912); UR = União Republicana (Republican Union)


French and British Occupations

30 Nov 1807 - 30 Aug 1808  Continental Portugal occupied by France.
30 Aug 1808                British occupation begins.
29 Mar 1809 - 12 May 1809  Oporto and northern Portugal occupied by France.
15 Sep 1810 -  5 Apr 1811  Alentejo and parts of Portugal occupied by France.
 3 Apr 1812 - 24 Apr 1812  Parts of Portugal re-occupied by France.
20 Sep 1821                British forces withdrawn.

French Commanders
 1 Feb 1807 - 30 Aug 1808  Jean-Andoche Junot,                (s.a.)
                             duc d'Abrantès 
29 Mar 1809 - 12 May 1809  Nicholas Jean-de-Dieu Soult,       (b. 1769 - d. 1851)
                             duc de Dalmatie 
15 Sep 1810 - 10 May 1811  André Masséna, duc de Rivioli,     (b. 1758 - d. 1817)
                             prince d'Essling
10 May 1811 - 24 Apr 1812  Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de   (b. 1774 - d. 1852)
                             Marmont, duc de Raguse 
British Commanders
30 Aug 1808 - Sep 1808     Sir Arthur Wellesley (1st time)    (b. 1769 - d. 1852)
27 Oct 1808 - 16 Jan 1809  Sir John Moore                     (b. 1761 - d. 1800)
16 Jan 1809 - 26 Apr 1809  William Carr Beresford, (acting)   (b. 1768 - d. 1854)
                             Viscount Beresford (1st time)
26 Apr 1809 - 1813         Sir Arthur Wellesley,              (s.a.)
                             Viscount Wellesley of Talavera 
                             and of Wellington (2nd time) 
1813 - 20 Sep 1821         William Carr Beresford,            (s.a.)
                             Viscount Beresford (from 1813)
                             duque de Elvas, (and from 1814) 
                             Baron Beresford of Albuera  
                             and Cappequin (2nd time) 







©2005  Ben Cahoon