U.S. Government, Supreme Court, Congress

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United States Government

Contents: UN Representative - Executive Office of the President - White House Chiefs of Staff - National Security Advisor - Office of Management and Budget (OMB) - Trade Representative (USTR) - Independent Agencies - American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) - Director of National Intelligence (DNI) - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Federal Communications Commission (FCC) - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) - Federal Reserve System - Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - General Services Administration (GSA) - Federal Works Agency - Works Progress Admin. (WPA) - National Aeronautics and Space Admin. (NASA) - National Archives and Records Admin. (NARA) - National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) - National Science Foundation (NSF) - Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) - Peace Corps - Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) - Smithsonian Institution - Social Security Administration (SSA) - Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) - Supreme Court - U.S. Supreme Court - Congress - U.S. Senate - House of Representatives - Library of Congress (LOC) - Government Accountability Office (GAO) - Major Parties - Democratic National Committee (DNC) - Republican National Committee (RNC) -

Former Governments: Confederate States of America (1861-1865) - Hawaii (1795-1900) - Republic of Texas (1836-1846) - Vermont (1777-1791)

Independent Agencies, Supreme Court and Congress

U. S. Permanent Representatives to the United Nations

[flag of the U.S.
Chief of Mission]

U.S. Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York

19 Oct 1945 United Nations Charter signed. 24 Oct 1945 United Nations charter ratified. 28 Apr 1947 U.S. Mission to the United Nations formallyestablished.

Ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations (in full: Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the UnitedNations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations) 21 Dec 1945 - 3 Jun 1946 Edward Reilly Stettinius (b. 1900 - d. 1949) 3 Jun 1946 - 13 Jan 1947 Herschel Vespasian Johnson II (b. 1894 - d. 1966) (acting) 13 Jan 1947 - 22 Jan 1953 Warren Robinson Austin (b. 1877 - d. 1962) 23 Jan 1953 - 3 Sep 1960 Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (b. 1902 - d. 1985) 8 Sep 1960 - 21 Jan 1961 James Jeremiah Wadsworth (b. 1905 - d. 1984) 21 Jan 1961 - 14 Jul 1965 Adlai Ewing Stevenson (b. 1900 - d. 1965) 26 Jul 1965 - 14 May 1968 Arthur Joseph Goldberg (b. 1908 - d. 1990) 14 May 1968 - 4 Oct 1968 George Wildman Ball (b. 1909 - d. 1994) 4 Oct 1968 - 20 Jan 1969 James Russell Wiggins (b. 1903 - d. 2000) 22 Jan 1969 - 16 Feb 1971 Charles Woodruff Yost (b. 1907 - d. 1981) 16 Feb 1971 - 18 Jan 1973 George Herbert Walker Bush (b. 1924 - d. 2018) 18 Jan 1973 - 3 Feb 1973 Christopher Hallowell Phillips (b. 1920 - d. 2008) (acting) 3 Feb 1973 - 10 Jun 1975 John Alfred Scali (b. 1918 - d. 1995) 10 Jun 1975 - 2 Feb 1976 Daniel Patrick Moynihan (b. 1927 - d. 2003) 2 Feb 1976 - 15 Mar 1976 William Tapley Bennett, Jr. (b. 1917 - d. 1994) (acting) 15 Mar 1976 - 18 Jan 1977 William Warren Scranton (b. 1917 - d. 2013)27 Jan 1977 - 23 Sep 1979 Andrew Jackson Young, Jr. (b. 1932) 23 Sep 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Donald Franchot McHenry (b. 1936)29 Jan 1981 - 1 Apr 1985 Jeane Jordan Kirkpatrick (f) (b. 1926 - d. 2006) 1 Apr 1985 - 28 Apr 1985 Jose S. Sorzano(acting) (b. 1940 - d. 2020) 28 Apr 1985 - 17 May 1985 Joseph Verner Reed (acting) (b. 1937 - d. 2016) 17 May 1985 - 8 Mar 1989 Vernon Anthony Walters (b. 1917 - d. 2002) 8 Mar 1989 - 6 Apr 1992 Thomas Reeve Pickering (b. 1931) 6 Apr 1992 - 27 Jan 1993 Edward Joseph Perkins (b. 1928 - d. 2020) 27 Jan 1993 - 21 Jan 1997 Madeleine Korbel Albright (f) (b. 1937 - d. 2022) 21 Jan 1997 - 13 Feb 1997 Edward W. "Skip" Gnehm Jr.(acting)(b. 1944) 13 Feb 1997 - 11 Sep 1998 William "Bill" Blame Richardson (b. 1947 - d. 2023) 11 Sep 1998 - 25 Aug 1999 Albert Peter Burleigh (acting) (b. 1942) 25 Aug 1999 - 20 Jan 2001 Richard Charles Holbrooke (b. 1941 - d. 2010) 20 Jan 2001 - 18 Sep 2001 James B. Cunningham (1st time) (b. 1952) (acting) 18 Sep 2001 - 25 Jun 2004 John Dimitri Negroponte (b. 1939) 25 Jun 2004 - 1 Jul 2004 James B. Cunningham (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 1 Jul 2004 - 20 Jan 2005 John Claggett Danforth (b. 1936) 20 Jan 2005 - 1 Aug 2005 Anne W. Patterson (f) (acting) (b. 1949) 1 Aug 2005 - 9 Dec 2006 John Bolton (b. 1948) 9 Dec 2006 - 23 Apr 2007 Alejandro D. Wolff (1st time) (b. 1956) (acting) 23 Apr 2007 - 20 Jan 2009 Zalmay Khalilzad (b. 1951) 20 Jan 2009 - 26 Jan 2009 Alejandro D. Wolff (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 26 Jan 2009 - 26 Jun 2013 Susan E. Rice(f) (b. 1964)26 Jun 2013 - 2 Aug 2013 Rosemary A. DiCarlo (f)(acting) (b. 1947) 2 Aug 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Samantha Power (f) (b. 1970) 20 Jan 2017 - 25 Jan 2017 Michele J. Sison (f) (acting) (b. 1959) 25 Jan 2017 - 1 Jan 2019 NikkiHaley (f) (b. 1972) 2 Jan 2019 - 12 Sep 2019 Jonathan R. Cohen (acting) (b. 1964) 12 Sep 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Kelly Knight Craft (f) (b. 1962) 20 Jan 2021 -24 Feb 2021 Richard "Rich" M. Mills, Jr. (b. 1959) (acting) 24 Feb 2021 - Linda Thomas-Greenfield (f) (b. 1952)

Executive Office of the President

White House Chiefs of Staff

[Flag of the
President of the United States]
President's Flag Adopted 25 Oct 1945

White House website

Assistants to the President 12 Dec 1946 - 20 Jan 1953 John R. Steelman (b. 1900 - d. 1999) 20 Jan 1953 - 7 Oct 1958 Sherman Adams (b. 1899 - d. 1986) 7 Oct 1958 - 20 Jan 1961 Wilton B. Persons (b. 1896 - d. 1977)Chiefs of Staff18 Jan 1969 - 30 Apr 1973 Henry Robbins Haldeman (b. 1926 - d. 1993) 4 May 1973 - 27 Sep 1974 Alexander M. Haig, Jr. (b. 1924 - d. 2010) 27 Sep 1974 - 11 Nov 1975 Donald H. Rumsfeld (b. 1932 - d. 2021) 11 Nov 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Richard "Dick" B. Cheney (b. 1941) 20 Jan 1977 - 18 Jul 1979 Vacant 18 Jul 1979 - 11 Jun 1980 Hamilton Jordan (b. 1944 - d. 2008) 11 Jun 1980 - 20 Jan 1981 Jack H. Watson, Jr. (b. 1938) 20 Jan 1981 - 4 Feb 1985 James A. Baker III (1st time) (b. 1930) 4 Feb 1985 - 27 Feb 1987 Donald T. Regan (b. 1918 - d. 2003) 27 Feb 1987 - 1 Jul 1988 Howard H. Baker, Jr. (b. 1925 - d. 2014) 1 Jul 1988 - 20 Jan 1989 Kenneth "Ken" Duberstein (b. 1944 - d. 2022) 20 Jan 1989 - 16 Dec 1991 John H. Sununu (b. 1939) 16 Dec 1991 - 23 Aug 1992 Samuel K. Skinner (b. 1938) 23 Aug 1992 - 20 Jan 1993 James A. Baker III (2nd time) (s.a.) 20 Jan 1993 - 27 Jun 1994 Mack McLarty (b. 1946) 27 Jun 1994 - 20 Jan 1997 Leon E. Panetta (b. 1938) 20 Jan 1997 - 30 Oct 1998 Erskine Bowles (b. 1946) 30 Oct 1998 - 20 Jan 2001 John Podesta (b. 1949) 20 Jan 2001 - 14 Apr 2006 Andrew "Andy" Hill Card, Jr. (b. 1947) 14 Apr 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Joshua "Josh" Bolten (b. 1954) 20 Jan 2009 - 1 Oct 2010 Rahm I. Emanuel (b. 1959) 1 Oct 2010 - 13 Jan 2011 Pete Rouse (b. 1946) 13 Jan 2011 - 27 Jan 2012 William "Bill" M. Daley (b. 1948) 27 Jan 2012 - 25 Jan 2013 Jack Lew (b. 1955)
25 Jan 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Denis McDonough (b. 1969)20 Jan 2017 -31 Jul 2017 Reinhold "Reince" R. Priebus (b. 1972) 31 Jul 2017 - 2 Jan 2019 John F. Kelly (b. 1950) 2 Jan 2019 - 31 Mar 2020 John Michael "Mick" Mulvaney (b. 1967) (interim) 31 Mar 2020 -20 Jan 2021 Mark R. Meadows (b. 1959) 20 Jan 2021 - 8 Feb 2023 Ronald "Ron" A. Klain (b. 1961) 8 Feb 2023 - Jeffrey "Jeff" D. Zients (b. 1966)

National Security Advisors

National Security Council (NSC)

23 Mar 1953 Post of Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (National Security Advisor) created.

Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs (National Security Advisors) 23 Mar 1953 - 2 Apr 1955 Robert Cutler (1st time) (b. 1895 - d. 1974) 2 Apr 1955 - 1 Sep 1956 Dillon Anderson (b. 1906 - d. 1974) 1 Sep 1956 - 7 Jan 1957 William H. Jackson (acting) (b. 1901 - d. 1971) (special assistant for National Security Affairs) 7 Jan 1957 - 24 Jun 1958 Robert Cutler (2nd time) (s.a.) 24 Jun 1958 - 13 Jan 1961 Gordon Gray (b. 1909 - d. 1982) 20 Jan 1961 - 28 Feb 1966 McGeorge Bundy (b. 1919 - d. 1996) 28 Feb 1966 - 31 Mar 1966 Francis M. Bator (acting) (b. 1925 - d. 2018) (deputy assistant to President for National Security Affairs) 1 Apr 1966 - 20 Jan 1969 Walt W. Rostow (b. 1916 - d. 2003) 20 Jan 1969 - 3 Nov 1975 Henry A. Kissinger (b. 1923 - d. 2023) 3 Nov 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Brent Scowcroft (1st time) (b. 1925 - d. 2020) 20 Jan 1977 - 21 Jan 1981 Zbigniew Brzezinski (b. 1928 - d. 2017) 21 Jan 1981 - 4 Jan 1982 Richard V. Allen (b. 1936) 4 Jan 1982 - 17 Oct 1983 William P. Clark (b. 1931 - d. 2013) 17 Oct 1983 - 4 Dec 1985 Robert "Bud" C. McFarlane (b. 1937 - d. 2022) 4 Dec 1985 - 25 Nov 1986 John M. Poindexter (b. 1936) 2 Dec 1986 - 23 Nov 1987 Frank C. Carlucci III (b. 1930 - d. 2018) 23 Nov 1987 - 20 Jan 1989 Colin L. Powell (b. 1937 - d. 2021) 20 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Brent Scowcroft (2nd time) (s.a.) 20 Jan 1993 - 14 Mar 1997 Anthony "Tony" Lake (b. 1939) 14 Mar 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Samuel "Sandy" R. Berger (b. 1945 - d. 2015) 20 Jan 2001 - 26 Jan 2005 Condoleezza "Condi" Rice (f) (b. 1954) 26 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Stephen J. Hadley (b. 1947) 20 Jan 2009 - 21 Oct 2010 James L. Jones (b. 1943) 21 Oct 2010 - 30 Jun 2013 Thomas E. Donilon (b. 1955) 1 Jul 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Susan E. Rice (f) (b. 1964) 20 Jan 2017 - 13 Feb 2017 Michael "Mike" T. Flynn (b. 1958) 13 Feb 2017 - 20 Feb 2017 J. Keith Kellogg (acting) (b. 1944) (executive secretary and chief of staff of the U.S. National Security Council) 20 Feb 2017 - 9 Apr 2018 Herbert R. McMaster (b. 1962) 9 Apr 2018 - 10 Sep 2019 John R. Bolton (b. 1948) 10 Sep 2019 -18 Sep 2019 Charles M. Kupperman (acting) (b. 1950) (deputy National Security Advisor) 18 Sep 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Robert C. O'Brien (b. 1966)20 Jan 2021 - Jacob "Jake" J. Sullivan (b. 1976)

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Flag Used by OMB

10 Jun 1921 Bureau of the Budget established (within Department of the Treasury). 3 Apr 1939 Part of the Executive Office of the President. 1 Jul 1970 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) established. Directors of the Office of Management and Budget23 Jun 1921 - 30 Jun 1922 Charles G. Dawes (b. 1865 - d. 1951) 1 Jul 1922 - 31 May 1929 Herbert M. Lord (b. 1859 - d. 1930) 15 Aug 1929 - 3 Mar 1933 J. Clawson Roop (b. 1888 - d. 1972) 7 Mar 1933 - 31 Aug 1934 Lewis W. Douglas (b. 1894 - d. 1974) 1 Sep 1934 - 14 Apr 1939 Daniel W. Bell (b. 1891 - d. 1971) 15 Apr 1939 - 19 Jun 1946 Harold D. Smith (b. 1898 - d. 1947) 13 Jul 1946 - 27 Jan 1949 James E. Webb (b. 1906 - d. 1992) 1 Feb 1949 - 12 Apr 1950 Frank Pace, Jr. (b. 1912 - d. 1988) 13 Apr 1950 - 21 Jan 1953 Frederick J. Lawton (b. 1900 - d. 1975) 22 Jan 1953 - 15 Apr 1954 Joseph M. Dodge (b. 1890 - d. 1964) 16 Apr 1954 - 1 Apr 1956 Rowland R. Hughes (b. 1896 - d. 1957) 2 Apr 1956 - 17 Mar 1958 Percival F. Brundage (b. 1892 - d. 1979) 18 Mar 1958 - 21 Jan 1961 Maurice H. Stans (b. 1908 - d. 1998) 22 Jan 1961 - 20 Dec 1962 David E. Bell (b. 1919 - d. 2000) 28 Dec 1962 - 1 Jun 1965 Kermit Gordon (b. 1916 - d. 1976) 1 Jun 1965 - 28 Jan 1968 Charles L. Schultze (b. 1924 - d. 2016) 29 Jan 1968 - 21 Jan 1969 Charles J. Zwick (b. 1926 - d. 2018) 22 Jan 1969 - 30 Jun 1970 Robert P. Mayo (b. 1916 - d. 2003) 1 Jul 1970 - 11 Jun 1972 George P. Shultz (b. 1920 - d. 2021) 12 Jun 1972 - 1 Feb 1973 Caspar W. Weinberger (b. 1917 - d. 2006) 2 Feb 1973 - 3 Feb 1975 Roy L. Ash (b. 1918 - d. 2011) 10 Feb 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 James T. Lynn (b. 1927 - d. 2010) 21 Jan 1977 - 23 Sep 1977 Thomas Bertram "Bert" Lance (b. 1931 - d. 2013) 24 Sep 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 James T. McIntyre (b. 1940) 21 Jan 1981 - 1 Aug 1985 David A. Stockman (b. 1946) 1 Aug 1985 - 8 Oct 1985 Joseph R. Wright, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1938) (acting) 8 Oct 1985 - 15 Oct 1988 James C. Miller III (b. 1942) 8 Nov 1988 - 20 Jan 1989 Joseph R. Wright, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.) 25 Jan 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Richard G. Darman (b. 1943 - d. 2008) 21 Jan 1993 - 17 Jul 1994 Leon E. Panetta (b. 1938) 17 Oct 1994 - 26 Apr 1996 Alice M. Rivlin (f) (b. 1931 - d. 2019) 26 Apr 1996 - 13 Sep 1996 Jacob Joseph "Jack" Lew (1st time) (b. 1955) (acting) 13 Sep 1996 - 21 May 1998 Franklin D. Raines (b. 1949) 21 May 1998 - 19 Jan 2001 Jacob Joseph "Jack" Lew (2nd time) (s.a.) 23 Jan 2001 - 6 Jun 2003 Mitchell "Mitch" E. Daniels, Jr. (b. 1949) 26 Jun 2003 - 14 Apr 2006 Joshua B. Bolten (b. 1954) 26 May 2006 - 3 Aug 2007 Robert J. Portman (b. 1955) 3 Aug 2007 - 4 Sep 2007 Clay Johnson III (acting) (b. 1946?) 4 Sep 2007 - 19 Jan 2009 James A. Nussle (b. 1960) 20 Jan 2009 - 30 Jul 2010 Peter R. Orszag (b. 1968) 30 Jul 2010 - 18 Nov 2010 Jeffrey D. Zients (2nd time) (b. 1966) (acting) 18 Nov 2010 - 26 Jan 2012 Jacob Joseph "Jack" Lew (2nd time) (s.a.) 27 Jan 2012 - 24 Apr 2013 Jeffrey D. Zients (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 26 Apr 2013 - 8 Jun 2014 Sylvia Mathews Burwell (f) (b. 1965) 9 Jun 2014 - 28 Jul 2014 Brian C. Deese (acting) (b. 1978) 28 Jul 2014 - 20 Jan 2017 Shaun Lawrence Sarda Donovan (b. 1966) 20 Jan 2017 - 25 Nov 2017 Mark Steven Sandy (acting) (b. 1964?) 16 Feb 2017 - 31 Mar 2020 John Michael "Mick" Mulvaney (b. 1967) 2 Jan 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Russell Thurlow Vought (b. 1976) (acting [for Mulvaney to 31 Mar 2020] to 22 Jul 2020) 20 Jan 2021 -24 Mar 2021 Robert "Rob" S. Fairweather (acting) 24 Mar 2021 - Shalanda D. Young (f) (b. 1977) (acting to 17 Mar 2022)

Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

[former flag of Office
of U.S. Trade Representative]

Former USTR Flag

[Office of U.S. Trade
Representative flag]

Adopted 28 Jan 1981

Office of the United States Trade Representative

11 Oct 1962 Special Representative for Trade Negotiations 15 Jan 1963 Part of the Executive Office of the President. 7 Dec 1979 Office of the U.S. Trade Representative

Ambassadors 10 Dec 1962 - 30 Dec 1966 Christian Archibald Herter (b. 1895 - d. 1966) 30 Dec 1966 - 20 Jan 1969 William Matson Roth (b. 1916 - d. 2014) (acting to 24 Mar 1967) 20 Jan 1969 - 1969 John B. Rehm(acting) (b. 1930 - d. 2014) 1969 - 6 Aug 1969 Theodore R. Gates (1st time) (acting) 6 Aug 1969 - 21 Sep 1971 Carl J. Gilbert (b. 1906 - d. 1983) 21 Sep 1971 - 12 Nov 1971 Theodore R. Gates (2nd time) (acting) 12 Nov 1971 - 24 Dec 1974 William D. Eberle (b. 1923 - d. 2008) 24 Dec 1974 - 26 Mar 1975 Harald B. Malmgren(acting) (b. 1935) 26 Mar 1975 - 20 Jan 1977 Frederick B. Dent (b. 1922 - d. 2019) 20 Jan 1977 - 30 Mar 1977 Alan W. Wolff (acting) (b. 1942) 30 Mar 1977 - 17 Aug 1979 Robert Schwarz Strauss (b. 1918 - d. 2014) 17 Aug 1979 - 1 Oct 1979 Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr.(acting) (b. 1928 - d. 2019) 1 Oct 1979 - 31 Dec 1980 Reubin O'Donovan Askew (b. 1928 - d. 2014) 31 Dec 1980 - 23 Jan 1981 Robert "Bob" D. Hormats(acting) (b. 1943) 23 Jan 1981 - 29 Apr 1985 William "Bill" E. Brock III (b. 1930 - d. 2021) 29 Apr 1985 - 1 Jul 1985 Michael B. Smith(acting) (b. 1936 - d. 2021) 1 Jul 1985 - 20 Jan 1989 Clayton K. Yeutter (b. 1930 - d. 2017) 6 Feb 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 Carla Anderson Hills (f) (b. 1934) 22 Jan 1993 - 12 Apr 1996 Michael "Mickey" Kantor (b. 1939) 12 Apr 1996 - 20 Jan 2001 Charlene Barshefsky (f) (b. 1949) (acting to 17 Mar 1997) 20 Jan 2001 - 7 Feb 2001 Rita D. Hayes(f)(acting) (b. 1942) 7 Feb 2001 - 18 Feb 2005 Robert B. Zoellick (b. 1953) 18 Feb 2005 - 29 Apr 2005 Peter F. Allgeier (1st time) (b. 1947) (acting) 29 Apr 2005 - 2 Jun 2006 Rob J. Portman (b. 1955) 2 Jun 2006 - 20 Jan 2009 Susan C. Schwab (f) (b. 1955) (acting to 9 June 2006) 20 Jan 2009 - 18 Mar 2009 Peter F. Allgeier (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 18 Mar 2009 - 15 Mar 2013 Ronald "Ron" Kirk (b. 1954) 15 Mar 2013 - 23 May 2013 Demetrios J. Marantis (acting) (b. 1968) 23 May 2013 - 21 Jun 2013 Miriam E. Sapiro (f) (acting) (b. 1960) 21 Jun 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Michael B. Froman (b. 1962) 23 Jan 2017 - 2 Mar 2017 María L. Pagán (f)(1st time)(acting) 2 Mar 2017 - 15 May 2017 Stephen P. Vaughn (acting) 15 May 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Robert "Bob" E. Lighthizer (b. 1947) 20 Jan 2021 -18 Mar 2021 María L. Pagán (f)(2nd time)(acting) 18 Mar 2021 - Katherine C. Tai (f) (b. 1974)

Independent agencies

American Battle Monuments Commission

[seal of American
Battle Monuments Commissionl (ABMC does not have
a flag)]
ABMC Seal

American Battle Monuments Commission

11 Jun 1921 Battle Monuments Board formed (within the War Department). 4 Mar 1923 American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) established (an independent agency).

Chairman of the Battle Monuments Board 1921 - 1923 John McAuley Palmer (b. 1870 - d. 1955)Chairmen of the American Battle Monuments Commission 1923 - 15 Jul 1948 John Joseph Pershing (b. 1860 - d. 1948) 1948 - 1949 Thomas North (secretary) (b. 1893 - d. 1990) 1949 - 16 Oct 1959 George Catlett Marshall (b. 1880 - d. 1959) 1960 - 1969 Jacob Louis Devers (b. 1887 - d. 1979) 1969 - 17 Apr 1984 Mark Wayne Clark (b. 1896 - d. 1984) 1985 - 1990 Andrew J. Goodpaster (b. 1915 - d. 2005) 1990 - 1991 Andrew J. Adams (secretary) (b. 1909 - d. 2001) 1991 - 1994 Paul X. Kelley (1st time) (b. 1928 - d. 2019) 1994 - Aug 2001 Frederick F. Woerner, Jr. (b. 1933 - d. 2023) Aug 2001 - Jan 2005 Paul X. Kelley (2nd time) (s.a.) Jan 2005 - Jan 2009 Frederick "Fred" M. Franks, Jr. (b. 1936) Jan 2009 - Jun 2009 John W. Nicholson (secretary) (b. 1934) Jun 2009 - 3 Jun 2011 J. Max Cleland (secretary) (b. 1942 - d. 2021) 3 Jun 2011 - 4 Dec 2017 Merrill A. McPeak (b. 1936) 4 Dec 2017 - 9 Jan 2018 Robert J. Dalessandro (1st time) (b. 1958) (acting secretary) 9 Jan 2018 - Jul 2018 William M. Matz, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1938) (secretary) Jul 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 David John Urban (b. 1964) Jan 2021 - Mar 2021 William M. Matz, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.) (secretary)Mar 2021 - 29 Sep 2021 Robert J. Dalessandro (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting secretary) 29 Sep 2021 - 9 Nov 2021 Mark Phillip Hertling (1st time) (b. 1953) (secretary) 9 Nov 2021 - 13 Dec 2021 John L. Estrada (b. 1955) 13 Dec 2021 - Mar 2023 Mark Phillip Hertling (2nd time) (s.a.) Mar 2023 - 1 Aug 2023 Charles K. Djou(secretary) (b. 1970) 1 Aug 2023 - Michael X. Garrett (b. 1961)

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

[U.S. Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) flag]

CIA website

11 Jul 1941 Coordinator of Information (COI). 13 Jun 1942 Office of Strategic Services (OSS). 1 Oct 1945 OSS disbanded. 22 Jan 1946 Central Intelligence Group (CIG). 18 Sep 1947 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Coordinator of Information (from 13 Jun 1942, Director of Strategic Services) 11 Jul 1941 - 1 Oct 1945 William Joseph Donovan (b. 1883 - d. 1959) Directors of Central Intelligence (from 21 Apr 2005, Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency) 23 Jan 1946 - 10 Jun 1946 Sidney William Souers (b. 1892 - d. 1973) 10 Jun 1946 - 1 May 1947 Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg (b. 1899 - d. 1954) 1 May 1947 - 7 Oct 1950 Roscoe Henry Hillenkoetter (b. 1897 - d. 1982) 7 Oct 1950 - 9 Feb 1953 Walter Bedell Smith (b. 1895 - d. 1961) 9 Feb 1953 - 29 Nov 1961 Allen Welsh Dulles (b. 1893 - d. 1969) (acting to 26 Feb 1953) 29 Nov 1961 - 28 Apr 1965 John Alex McCone (b. 1902 - d. 1991) 28 Apr 1965 - 30 Jun 1966 William Francis Raborn, Jr. (b. 1905 - d. 1990) 30 Jun 1966 - 2 Feb 1973 Richard McGarrah Helms (b. 1913 - d. 2002) 2 Feb 1973 - 2 Jul 1973 James Rodney Schlesinger (b. 1929 - d. 2014) 2 Jul 1973 - 4 Sep 1973 Vernon Anthony Walters (acting) (b. 1917 - d. 2002) 4 Sep 1973 - 30 Jan 1976 William Egan Colby (b. 1920 - d. 1996) 30 Jan 1976 - 20 Jan 1977 George Herbert Walker Bush (b. 1924 - d. 2018) 20 Jan 1977 - 9 Mar 1977 E. Henry Knoche (acting) (b. 1925 - d. 2010) 9 Mar 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Stansfield M. Turner (b. 1923 - d. 2018) 28 Jan 1981 - 29 Jan 1987 William Joseph Casey (b. 1913 - d. 1987) 29 Jan 1987 - 26 May 1987 Robert Michael Gates (1st time) (b. 1943) (acting) 26 May 1987 - 31 Aug 1991 William Hedgcock Webster (b. 1924) 1 Sep 1991 - 6 Nov 1991 Richard J. Kerr (acting) (b. 1935) 6 Nov 1991 - 20 Jan 1993 Robert Michael Gates (2nd time) (s.a.) 21 Jan 1993 - 5 Feb 1993 William Oliver Studeman (1st time) (b. 1940) (acting) 5 Feb 1993 - 10 Jan 1995 R. James Woolsey (b. 1941) 11 Jan 1995 - 9 May 1995 William Oliver Studeman (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 9 May 1995 - 15 Dec 1996 John M. Deutch (b. 1938) 15 Dec 1996 - 11 Jul 2004 George Tenet (b. 1953) (acting to 11 Jul 1997) 11 Jul 2004 - 24 Sep 2004 John McLaughlin (acting) (b. 1942) 24 Sep 2004 - 30 May 2006 Porter J. Goss (b. 1938) 30 May 2006 - 13 Feb 2009 Michael Vincent Hayden (b. 1945) 13 Feb 2009 - 1 Jul 2011 Leon Edward Panetta (b. 1938) 1 Jul 2011 - 6 Sep 2011 Michael Morell (1st time)(acting) (b. 1958) 6 Sep 2011 - 9 Nov 2012 David H. Petraeus (b. 1952) 9 Nov 2012 - 8 Mar 2013 Michael Morell (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 8 Mar 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 John O. Brennan (b. 1955) 20 Jan 2017 - 23 Jan 2017 Meroe Park (f) (acting) (b. 1959) 23 Jan 2017 - 26 Apr 2018 Michael "Mike"R. Pompeo (b. 1963) 26 Apr 2018 -20 Jan 2021 Gina C. Haspel (f) (b. 1956) (acting to 21 May 2018) 20 Jan 2021 -23 Mar 2021 David S. Cohen (acting) (b. 1963) 23 Mar 2021 - William J. Burns (b. 1956)

Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI)

[Flag of Office of the U.S. Director of
National Intelligence (ODNI)]

Adopted Aug 2005

[United States Intelligence Community (IC)
flag]

U.S. Intelligence Community Flag

ODNI website

17 Dec 2004 Office of Director of National Intelligence created.

Directors of National Intelligence 21 Apr 2005 - 20 Feb 2007 John D. Negroponte (b. 1939) 20 Feb 2007 - 27 Jan 2009 J. Michael "Mike" McConnell (b. 1943) 27 Jan 2009 - 29 Jan 2009 Ronald L. Burgess, Jr. (acting) (b. 1952)29 Jan 2009 - 28 May 2010 Dennis C. Blair (b. 1947) 28 May 2010 - 9 Aug 2010 David C. Gompert (acting) (b. 1945) 9 Aug 2010 - 20 Jan 2017 James "Jim" R. Clapper, Jr. (b. 1941) 20 Jan 2017 - 16 Mar 2017 Michael "Mike" P. Dempsey (acting) 16 Mar 2017 -15 Aug 2019 Daniel "Dan" R. Coats (b. 1943) 15 Aug 2019 -20 Feb 2020 Joseph Maguire (acting) (b. 1952) 20 Feb 2020 -26 May 2020 Richard "Rick" A. Grenell (acting) (b. 1966) 26 May 2020 - 20 Jan 2021 John L. Ratcliffe (b. 1965) 20 Jan 2021 -21 Jan 2021 Lora Shiao (f) (acting) 21 Jan 2021 - Avril Danica Haines (f) (b. 1969)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

18 Oct 1971 - 19 Nov 2002

[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA]
flag]

Adopted 19 Nov 2002

EPA website

2 Dec 1970 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established

Administrators 4 Dec 1970 - 30 Apr 1973 William Doyle Ruckelshaus (b. 1932 - d. 2019) (1st time) 30 Apr 1973 - 12 Sep 1973 Robert W. Fri (acting) (b. 1935 - d. 2014) 13 Sep 1973 - 20 Jan 1977 Russell E. Train (b. 1920 - d. 2012) 21 Jan 1977 - 6 Mar 1977 John Quarles, Jr. (acting) (b. 1935 - d. 2012) 7 Mar 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Douglas M. Costle (b. 1939 - d. 2019) 21 Jan 1981 - 25 Jan 1981 Steven D. Jellinek (acting) (b. 1940) 26 Jan 1981 - 19 May 1981 Walter C. Barber, Jr. (acting) (b. 1941 - d. 2024) 20 May 1981 - 9 Mar 1983 Anne McGill Gorsuch (f) (b. 1942 - d. 2004) (from 20 Feb 1983, Anne Gorsuch Burford) 10 Mar 1983 - 17 May 1983 Lee L. Verstandig (acting) (b. 1937) 18 May 1983 - 4 Jan 1985 William Doyle Ruckelshaus (s.a.) (2nd time) 4 Jan 1985 - 20 Jan 1989 Lee Muller Thomas (b. 1944) (acting to 8 Feb 1985) 21 Jan 1989 - 5 Feb 1989 John Arthur Moore (acting) (b. 1939) 6 Feb 1989 - 20 Jan 1993 William Kane Reilly (b. 1940) 21 Jan 1993 - 20 Jan 2001 Carol Martha Browner (f) (b. 1955) 20 Jan 2001 - 31 Jan 2001 W. Michael McCabe (acting) (b. 1952) 31 Jan 2001 - 27 Jun 2003 Christie Todd Whitman (f) (b. 1946) 28 Jun 2003 - 11 Jul 2003 Linda J. Fisher (f) (acting) (b. 1952) 12 Jul 2003 - 6 Nov 2003 Marianne Lamont Horinko (f) (b. 1961) (acting) 6 Nov 2003 - 26 Jan 2005 Michael "Mike" Leavitt (b. 1951) 26 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Stephen L. Johnson (b. 1951) (acting to 2 May 2005) 20 Jan 2009 - 21 Jan 2009 Granta Yoneo Nakayama (acting) (b. 1958) 21 Jan 2009 - 25 Jan 2009 Michael H. Shapiro (acting) (b. 1948?) 26 Jan 2009 - 14 Feb 2013 Lisa P. Jackson (f) (b. 1962) 15 Feb 2013 - 19 Jul 2013 Bob Perciasepe (acting) (b. 1951) 19 Jul 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Regina "Gina" McCarthy (f) (b. 1954) 20 Jan 2017 - 17 Feb 2017 Catherine R. McCabe (f) (acting) 17 Feb 2017 - 8 Jul 2018 Edward Scott Pruitt (b. 1968) 9 Jul 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Andrew R. Wheeler (b. 1963) (acting to 28 Feb 2019)20 Jan 2021 - 11 Mar 2021 Jane Toshiko Nishida (f) (acting) (b. 1955) 11 Mar 2021 - Michael S. Regan (b. 1976)

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

[seal of U.S. Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) (FCC does not
have a flag]
FCC Seal

FCC website

23 Feb 1927 Federal Radio Commission (FRC) 19 Jun 1934 Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Chairmen of the Federal Radio Commission 15 Mar 1927 - 24 Nov 1927 William H.G. Bullard (b. 1866 - d. 1927) Ind 31 Mar 1928 - 15 Jan 1932 Ira E. Robinson (b. 1869 - d. 1951) Rep 28 Mar 1932 - 19 Jun 1934 Thad H. Brown (b. 1887 - d. 1941) Rep Chairmen of the Federal Communications Commission 11 Jul 1934 - 8 Mar 1935 Eugene Octave Sykes, Jr. (b. 1876 - d. 1935) Dem 9 Mar 1935 - 23 Jul 1937 Anning Smith Prall (b. 1870 - d. 1937) Dem 1 Oct 1937 - 31 Aug 1939 Frank Ramsay McNinch (b. 1873 - d. 1950) Dem 1 Sep 1939 - 13 Nov 1944 James Lawrence "Larry" Fly (b. 1898 - d. 1966) Dem 16 Nov 1944 - 20 Dec 1944 Ewell Kirk "Jack" Jett (interim) (b. 1893 - d. 1965) Ind21 Dec 1944 - 25 Feb 1946 Paul Aldermandt Porter (b. 1904 - d. 1975) Dem 26 Feb 1946 - 31 Oct 1947 Charles Ruthven Denny, Jr. (b. 1912 - d. 2000) Dem (acting to 4 Dec 1946) 3 Nov 1947 - 28 Dec 1947 Paul Atlee Walker, Sr. (1st time) (b. 1881 - d. 1965) Dem (acting) 29 Dec 1947 - 21 Feb 1952 Albert Wayne Coy (b. 1903 - d. 1957) Dem 28 Feb 1952 - 17 Apr 1953 Paul Atlee Walker, Sr. (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 18 Apr 1953 - 3 Oct 1954 Rosel H. Hyde (1st time) (b. 1900 - d. 1992) Rep (acting from 19 Apr 1954) 4 Oct 1954 - 30 Jun 1957 George McConnaughey (b. 1896 - d. 1966) Rep 1 Jul 1957 - 10 Mar 1960 John C. Doerfer (b. 1904 - d. 1992) Rep 15 Mar 1960 - 1 Mar 1961 Frederick W. Ford (b. 1909 - d. 1986) Rep 2 Mar 1961 - 1 Jun 1963 Newton Norman Minow (b. 1926 - d. 2023) Dem 2 Jun 1962 - 1 May 1966 Emil William Henry (b. 1929 - d. 2022) Dem 1 May 1966 - 31 Oct 1969 Rosel H. Hyde (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep (acting to 27 Jun 1966) 31 Oct 1969 - 8 Mar 1974 Roy Dean Burch (b. 1927 - d. 1991) Rep 8 Mar 1974 - 13 Oct 1977 Richard E. Wiley (b. 1934) Rep 17 Oct 1977 - 4 Feb 1981 Charles Daniel Ferris (b. 1933 - d. 2024) Dem 5 Feb 1981 - 18 May 1981 Robert E. Lee (b. 1912 - d. 1993) Rep (interim to 13 Apr 1981) 18 May 1981 - 17 Apr 1987 Mark S. Fowler (b. 1941) Rep 18 Apr 1987 - 7 Aug 1989 Dennis Roy Patrick (b. 1951) Rep 8 Aug 1989 - 19 Jan 1993 Alfred C. Sikes (b. 1939) Rep 5 Feb 1993 - 28 Nov 1993 James Henry Quello (b. 1914 - d. 2010) Dem 29 Nov 1993 - 3 Nov 1997 Reed Eric Hundt (b. 1948) Dem 3 Nov 1997 - 19 Jan 2001 William Earl Kennard (b. 1957) Dem 22 Jan 2001 - 17 Mar 2005 Michael Kevin Powell (b. 1963) Rep 18 Mar 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Kevin Jeffrey Martin (b. 1966) Rep 22 Jan 2009 - 29 Jun 2009 Michael Joseph Copps (acting) (b. 1940) Dem 29 Jun 2009 - 20 May 2013 Julius Genachowski (b. 1962) Dem 20 May 2013 - 4 Nov 2013 Mignon Letitia Clyburn (f) (acting)(b. 1962) Dem
4 Nov 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Thomas "Tom" Edgar Wheeler (b. 1946) Dem 23 Jan 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Ajit Varadaraj Pai (b. 1973) Rep 21 Jan 2021 - Jessica Rosenworcel (f) (b. 1971) Dem (acting to 7 Dec 2021)

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party; Ind = Independent; Rep = Republican Party

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

[U.S. Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC) flag]

FDIC website

16 Jun 1933 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) created.

Chairmen 11 Sep 1933 – 1 Feb 1934 Walter J. Cummings (b. 1916 – d. 1999) 1 Feb 1934 – 15 Oct 1945 Leo T. Crowley (b. 1889 – d. 1972) 15 Oct 1945 - 5 Jan 1946 Preston Delano (acting)    (b. 1886 - d. 1961)
5 May 1946 – 10 May 1953 Maple T. Harl (b. 1893 – d. 1957) 10 May 1953 – 6 Sep 1957 H. Earl Cook       (b. 1886 - d. 1971) 6 Sep 1957 – 17 Sep 1957 Ray M. Gidney (acting) (b. 1887 - d. 1978)
17 Sep 1957 – 20 Jan 1961 Jesse Paine Wolcott (b. 1893 – d. 1969) 20 Jan 1961 – 4 Aug 1963 Erle Cocke, Sr. (b. 1895 - d. 1977) 4 Aug 1963 – 22 Jan 1964 James J. Saxon (acting) (b. 1914 - d. 1980) 22 Jan 1964 – 10 Mar 1964 Joseph W. Barr (b. 1918 – d. 1996) 21 Apr 1965 – 9 Mar 1970 Kenneth A. Randall (b. 1927 - d. 2016) 9 Mar 1970 – 1 Apr 1970 William B. Camp (acting) (b. 1913 - d. 1975)
1 Apr 1970 – 16 Mar 1976 Frank Wille    (b. 1931 - d. 1988) 16 Mar 1976 – 18 Mar 1976 James E. Smith (acting)            (b. 1930 - d. 2020) 18 Mar 1976 – 1 Jun 1977 Robert E. Barnett (b. 1935) 1 Jun 1977 – 16 Aug 1978 George A. LeMaistre    (b. 1911 - d. 1994) 16 Aug 1978 – 7 Feb 1979 John G. Heimann (acting) (b. 1929 - d. 2024) 7 Jul 1979 – 2 Aug 1981 Irvine H. Sprague      (b. 1921 - d. 2004) 3 Aug 1981 – 21 Oct 1985 William "Bill" M. Isaac    (b. 1943) 21 Oct 1985 – 16 Oct 1991 L. William Seidman (b. 1921 - d. 2009) 16 Oct 1991 – 25 Oct 1991 Andrew "Skip" C. Hove, Jr. (b. 1934 - d. 2019) (1st time) (acting) 25 Oct 1991 – 21 Aug 1992 William Taylor (b. 1939 - d. 1992) 21 Aug 1992 – 7 Oct 1994 Andrew "Skip" C. Hove, Jr. (s.a.)    (2nd time) (acting) 7 Oct 1994 – 1 Jun 1997 Ricki R. Tigert Helfer (f) (b. 1945) 1 Jun 1997 – 26 May 1998 Andrew "Skip" C. Hove, Jr. (s.a.) (3rd time) (acting) 26 May 1998 – 11 Jul 2001 Donna A. Tanoue (f)    (b. 1954) 11 Jul 2001 – 29 Aug 2001 John M. Reich (acting) (b. 1939) 29 Aug 2001 – 15 Nov 2005 Donald "Don" E. Powell (b. 1941) 15 Nov 2005 – 26 Jun 2006 Martin J. Gruenberg (1st time) (b. 1953) (acting) 26 Jun 2006 - 8 Jul 2011 Sheila C. Bair (f)    (b. 1954) 8 Jul 2011 - 5 Jun 2018 Martin J. Gruenberg (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting to 15 Nov 2012) 5 Jun 2018 - 4 Feb 2022 Jelena O. McWilliams (f) (b. 1973) 5 Feb 2022 -    Martin J. Gruenberg (3rd time)     (s.a.)                              (acting to 5 Jan 2023)

Federal Reserve System

[Flag of Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)]
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve

Federal Reserve website

23 Dec 1913 Federal Reserve System created.

Governors 10 Aug 1914 - 9 Aug 1916 Charles S. Hamlin (b. 1861 - d. 1938) 10 Aug 1916 - 9 Aug 1922 William Proctor G. Harding (b. 1864 - d. 1930) 9 Aug 1922 - 1 May 1923 Edmund Platt (1st time) (acting) (b. 1865 - d. 1939) 1 May 1923 - 15 Sep 1927 Daniel Richard Crissinger (b. 1860 - d. 1942) 16 Sep 1927 - 3 Oct 1927 Edmund Platt (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) 4 Oct 1927 - 31 Aug 1930 Roy Archibald Young (b. 1882 - d. 1960) 16 Sep 1930 - 10 May 1933 Eugene Isaac Meyer (b. 1875 - d. 1959) 19 May 1933 - 15 Aug 1934 Eugene R. Black (b. 1898 - d. 1992) 21 Aug 1934 - 14 Nov 1934 John Jacob Thomas (acting) (b. 1869 - d. 1952) 15 Nov 1934 - 23 Aug 1935 Marriner Stoddard Eccles (b. 1890 - d. 1977) Chairmen of the Board of Governors 23 Aug 1935 - 15 Apr 1948 Marriner Stoddard Eccles (s.a.) 15 Apr 1948 - 31 Mar 1951 Thomas B. McCabe (b. 1893 - d. 1982) 2 Apr 1951 - 31 Jan 1970 William McChesney Martin (b. 1906 - d. 1998) 1 Feb 1970 - 31 Jan 1978 Arthur F. Burns (b. 1904 - d. 1987) 1 Feb 1978 - 8 Mar 1978 Stephen S. Gardner (acting) (b. 1921 - d. 1978) 8 Mar 1978 - 6 Aug 1979 G. William Miller (b. 1925 - d. 2006) 6 Aug 1979 - 11 Aug 1987 Paul A. Volcker (b. 1927 - d. 2019) 11 Aug 1987 - 31 Jan 2006 Alan C. Greenspan (b. 1926) 1 Feb 2006 - 31 Jan 2014 Benjamin "Ben" S. Bernanke (b. 1953) 1 Feb 2014 - 2 Feb 2018 Janet L. Yellen (f) (b. 1946) 3 Feb 2018 - Jerome H. Powell (b. 1953)

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Adopted 19 Jun 1976

FTC website

14 Feb 1903 U.S. Bureau of Corporations (within the Department of Commerce and Labor, from 4 Mar 1913 Department of Commerce). 16 Mar 1915 Federal Trade Commission (FTC), an independent agency. Commissioners of the Bureau of Corporations 1903 - 1907 James Rudolph Garfield (b. 1865 – d. 1950) 1907 - 18 Jul 1912 Herbert Knox Smith (b. 1869 - d. 1931) 7 Aug 1912 – 15 Apr 1913 Luther Conant, Jr. (b. 1872 - d. 1971) 27 May 1913 – 16 Mar 1915 Joseph E. Davies (b. 1876 – d. 1958) Chairmen of the Federal Trade Commission 16 Mar 1915 – 30 Jun 1916 Joseph E. Davies (s.a.) Dem 1 Jul 1916 – 31 Jan 1917 Edward N. Hurley (b. 1864 – d. 1933) Dem 1 Feb 1917 - 6 May 1918 William J. Harris (b. 1868 - d. 1932) Dem 7 May 1918 - 30 Jun 1919 William B. Colver (b. 1870 - d. 1926) Dem 1 Jul 1919 – 30 Nov 1919 John. R. Fort (b. 1852 - d. 1920) Rep 1 Dec 1919 – 30 Nov 1920 Victor Murdock (1st time) (b. 1871 – d. 1945) Prog 1 Dec 1920 – 30 Nov 1921 S. Huston Thompson (1st time) (b. 1875 - d. 1966) Dem 1 Dec 1921 - 30 Nov 1922 Nelson B. Gaskill (b. 1875 - d. 1964) Rep 1 Dec 1922 – 30 Nov 1923 Victor Murdock (2nd time) (s.a.) Prog 1 Dec 1923 – 30 Nov 1924 S. Huston Thompson (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 1 Dec 1924 - 30 Nov 1925 Vernon Wick Van Fleet (b. 1866 - d. 1932) Rep 1 Dec 1925 – 30 Nov 1926 John F. Nugent (b. 1868 - d. 1931) Dem 1 Dec 1926 – 30 Nov 1927 Charles W. Hunt (1st time) (b. 1864 - d. 1938) Rep 1 Dec 1927 – 30 Nov 1928 William E. Humphrey (1st time) (b. 1862 – d. 1934) Rep 1 Dec 1928 – 15 Jan 1929 Abram Fern Myers (b. 1889 - d. 1969) Rep 18 Jan 1929 – 30 Nov 1929 Edgar A. McCulloch (b. 1861 - d. 1933) Dem 1 Jan 1930 – 30 Dec 1930 Garland S. Ferguson, Jr. (1st time)(b. 1878 - d. 1963) Dem 1 Jan 1931 – 31 Dec 1931 Charles W. Hunt (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 1 Feb 1932 – 31 Dec 1932 William E. Humphrey (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 1 Jan 1933 – 31 Dec 1933 Charles H. March (1st time) (b. 1870 - d. 1945) Rep 1 Jan 1934 – 31 Dec 1934 Garland S. Ferguson, Jr. (2nd time)(s.a.) Dem 1 Jan 1935 – 31 Dec 1935 Ewin L. Davis (1st time) (b. 1876 – d. 1949) Dem 1 Jan 1936 – 31 Dec 1936 Charles H. March (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 1 Jan 1937 – 31 Dec 1937 William A. Ayres (1st time) (b. 1867 - d. 1952) Dem 1 Jan 1938 – 31 Dec 1938 Garland S. Ferguson, Jr. (3rd time)(s.a.) Dem 1 Jan 1939 – 31 Dec 1939 Robert E. Freer (1st time) (b. 1896 - d. 1963) Rep 1 Jan 1940 – 31 Dec 1940 Ewin L. Davis (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 1 Jan 1941 – 31 Dec 1941 Charles H. March (3rd time) (s.a.) Rep 1 Jan 1942 – 31 Dec 1942 William A. Ayres (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 1 Jan 1943 – 31 Dec 1943 Garland S. Ferguson, Jr. (4th time)(s.a.) Dem 1 Jan 1944 – 31 Dec 1944 Robert E. Freer (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 1 Jan 1945 – 31 Dec 1945 Ewin L. Davis (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 1 Jan 1946 – 31 Dec 1946 William A. Ayres (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 1 Jan 1947 – 31 Dec 1947 Garland S. Ferguson, Jr. (5th time)(s.a.) Dem 1 Jan 1948 – 31 Dec 1948 Robert E. Freer (3rd time) (s.a.) Rep 1 Jan 1949 – 23 May 1950 Lowell B. Mason (b. 1893 - d. 1983) Rep 24 May 1950 – 31 Mar 1953 James M. Mead (b. 1885 – d. 1964) Dem 1 Apr 1953 – 12 Sep 1955 Edward F. Howrey (b. 1903 - d. 1996) Rep 12 Sep 1955 – 31 May 1959 John W. Gwynne (b. 1889 – d. 1972) Rep 11 Jun 1959 – 20 Mar 1961 Earl W. Kinter (b. 1912 - d. 1991) Rep 21 Mar 1961 – 31 Dec 1969 Paul Rand Dixon (1st time) (b. 1916 - d. 1996) Dem 1 Jan 1970 - 6 Aug 1970 Caspar W. Weinberger (b. 1917 – d. 2006) Rep 8 Aug 1970 – 14 Sep 1970 Everette MacIntyre (acting) (b. 1901 - d. 1997) Dem 15 Sep 1970 – 20 Feb 1973 Miles W. Kirkpatrick (b. 1918 - d. 1998) Rep 21 Feb 1973 - 31 Dec 1975 Lewis A. Engman (b. 1936 - d. 1995) Rep 1 Jan 1976 – 25 Mar 1976 Paul Rand Dixon (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.) Dem 25 Mar 1976 – 20 Apr 1977 Calvin J. Collier (b. 1942 - d. 2020) Rep 21 Apr 1977 - 3 Mar 1981 Michael Pertschuk (b. 1933 - d. 2022) Dem 4 Mar 1981 – 25 Sep 1981 David A. Clanton (acting) (b. 1944) Rep 26 Sep 1981 - 4 Oct 1985 James C. Miller III (b. 1942) Rep 7 Oct 1985 – 20 Apr 1986 Terry Calvani (acting) (b. 1947) Rep 21 Apr 1986 – 10 Aug 1989 Daniel Oliver (b. 1939) Rep 11 Aug 1989 – 11 Apr 1995 Janet Dempsey Steiger (f) (b. 1939 - d. 2004) Rep 12 Apr 1995 – 31 May 2001 Robert F. Pitofsky (b. 1929 - d. 2018) Dem 4 Jun 2001 – 15 Aug 2004 Timothy J. Muris (b. 1949) Rep16 Aug 2004 - 30 Mar 2008 Deborah Platt Majoras (f) (b. 1963) Rep 30 Mar 2008 - 2 Mar 2009 William E. Kovacic (b. 1952) Rep 2 Mar 2009 - 15 Feb 2013 Jonathan "Jon" D. Leibowitz (b. 1958) Dem 4 Mar 2013 - 25 Jan 2017 Edith Ramirez (f) (b. 1968) Dem 25 Jan 2017 - 1 May 2018 Maureen K. Ohlhausen (f) (acting) (b. 1962) Rep 1 May 2018 - 21 Jan 2021 Joseph J. Simons (b. 1958) Rep 21 Jan 2021 -15 Jun 2021 Rebecca Kelly Slaughter (f)(acting)(b. c.1983) Dem 15 Jun 2021 - Lina M. Khan (f) (b. 1989) Dem

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party; Prog = Progressive Party; Rep = Republican Party

General Services Administration (GSA)

Former Flag

[old flag of U.S. General
Services Administration 1973-1989 (GSA)]

Former Flag 1973 - 1989

GSA Flag

GSA website

1 Jul 1949 General Services Administration (GSA), an independent agency.

Administrators 3 Jul 1949 - 29 Jan 1953 Jess Larson (b. 1904 - d. 1987) 10 Feb 1953 - 1 May 1953 Russell Forbes (acting) (b. 1896 - d. 1957) 2 May 1953 - 29 Feb 1956 Edmund F. Mansure (b. 1901 - d. 1992)29 Feb 1956- 20 Jan 1961 Franklin G. Floete (b. 1889 - d. 1973) (acting to 3 May 1956) 7 Feb 1961 - 25 Nov 1961 John L. Moore (b. 1902 - d. ....) 25 Nov 1961 - 30 Nov 1964 Bernard "Bernie" L. Boutin (b. 1923 - d. 2011) (acting to 27 Nov 1961) 30 Nov 1964 - 28 Feb 1969 Lawson B. Knott, Jr. (b. 1912 - d. 1998) (acting to 12 Jan 1965) 17 Mar 1969 - 14 Jan 1972 Robert L. Kunzig (b. 1918 - d. 1982) 17 Jan 1972 - 1 Jun 1972 Roderick "Rod" Kreger (acting) (b. 1922 - d. 1983) 2 Jun 1972 - 15 Oct 1975 Arthur F. Sampson (b. 1926 - d. 1988) 15 Oct 1975 - 21 Nov 1975 Dwight A. Ink (1st time)(acting) (b. 1922 - d. 2021)
21 Nov 1975 - 11 Feb 1977 Jack M. Eckerd (b. 1916 - d. 2004) 15 Feb 1977 - 29 Apr 1977 Robert T. Griffin (acting) (b. 1919? - d. 2008) 30 Apr 1977 - 31 Mar 1979 Joel "Jay" W. Solomon (b. 1921 - d. 1984) 1 Apr 1979 - 29 Jun 1979 Paul E. Goulding (acting) (b. 1934 - d. 2011) 2 Jul 1979 - 14 Jan 1981 Rowland G. Freeman III (b. 1922 - d. 2014) 15 Jan 1981 - 25 May 1981 Ray A. Kline (1st time)(acting) (b. 1926 - d. 2010) 26 May 1981 - 29 Feb 1984 Gerald Posner Carmen (b. 1930 - d. 2023) 1 Mar 1984 - 3 Mar 1985 Ray A. Kline (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 4 Mar 1985 - 28 Jun 1985 Dwight A. Ink (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 29 Jun 1985 - 18 Mar 1988 Terence C. Golden (b. 1944) 19 Mar 1988 - 31 Mar 1988 Paul K. Trause (acting) (b. 1948) 1 Apr 1988 - 26 Sep 1988 John Alderson (acting) (b. 1933) 27 Sep 1988 - 19 Jan 1993 Richard G. Austin (b. 1948) (acting to 30 May 1990) 20 Jan 1993 - 3 Feb 1993 Robert Lee Jones (acting) (b. 1946 - d. 2022) 4 Feb 1993 - 13 Jun 1993 Dennis J. Fischer (acting) (b. 1939 - d. 2019) 13 Jun 1993 - 7 Jul 1993 Julia M. Stasch (f)(acting) (b. 1947?) 8 Jul 1993 - 29 Feb 1996 Roger Johnson (b. 1934 - d. 2005) 4 Mar 1996 - 15 Dec 2000 David J. Barram (b. 1943) 16 Dec 2000 - 30 May 2001 Thurman M. Davis, Sr. (acting) (b. 1936) 31 May 2001 - 31 Oct 2005 Stephen A. Perry (b. 1945) 1 Nov 2005 - 30 May 2006 David L. Bibb (1st time)(acting) (b. 1948) 31 May 2006 - 30 Apr 2008 Lurita A. Doan (f) (b. 1958) 1 May 2008 - 29 Aug 2008 David L. Bibb (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 30 Aug 2008 - 20 Jan 2009 James A. Williams (acting) (b. 1955?)21 Jan 2009 - 21 Dec 2009 Paul F. Prouty (acting) (b. 1948) 22 Dec 2009 - 6 Feb 2010 Stephen R. Leeds (acting) (b. 1946) 7 Feb 2010 - 2 Apr 2012 Martha N. Johnson (f) (b. 1953) 3 Apr 2012 - 21 Feb 2015 Daniel M. Tangherlini (b. 1967) (acting to 5 Jul 2013) 22 Feb 2015 - 20 Jan 2017 Denise Turner Roth (f) (b. 1974) (acting to 7 Aug 2015) 20 Jan 2017 - 11 Dec 2017 Timothy "Tim" O. Horne (acting) 12 Dec 2017 - 14 Jan 2021 Emily Webster Murphy (f) (b. 1973) 15 Jan 2021 -20 Jan 2021 Allison Fahrenkopf Brigati (f) (acting) 20 Jan 2021 - 30 Jun2021 Katy A. Kale (f) (acting) 1 Jul 2021 - Robin C. Carnahan (f) (b. 1961)

Federal Works Agency

1 Jul 1939 Federal Works Agency (FWA), an independent agency. 30 Jun 1949 Abolished, units transferred to General Services Administration.

Administrators 1 Jul 1939 - 1941 John M. Carmody (b. 1881 - d. 1963) 10 Dec 1941 - Jun 1949 Philip B. Fleming (b. 1887 - d. 1955)

Works Progress Administration

12 May 1933 Federal Emergency Relief Administration(FERA),an independent agency, established. 6 May 1935 Renamed Works Progress Administration (WPA). 1 Jul 1939 Renamed Works Project Administration (WPA) and placed under the Federal Works Agency. 1 Jul 1943 Dissolved.

Director 12 May 1933 - 6 May 1935 Harry L. Hopkins (b. 1890 - d. 1946) Administrators 6 May 1935 - 23 Dec 1938 Harry L. Hopkins (s.a.)24 Dec 1938 - 30 Jun 1939 Francis Clarke Harrington (b. 1887 - d. 1940) Commissioners 1 Jul 1939 - 30 Sep 1940 Francis Clarke Harrington (s.a.)30 Sep 1940 - 30 Jun 1943 Howard Owen Hunter (b. 1896 - d. 1964) (acting to 10 Oct 1941)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

NASA Flag Adopted Jan 1960

NASA Insignia from 15 Jul 1959

NASA website

1 Oct 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) established.

Administrators 1 Oct 1958 - 20 Jan 1961 Thomas Keith Glennan (b. 1905 - d. 1995) 20 Jan 1961 - 14 Feb 1961 Hugh Latimer Dryden (acting) (b. 1898 - d. 1965) 14 Feb 1961 - 7 Oct 1968 James Edwin Webb (b. 1906 - d. 1992) 7 Oct 1968 - 15 Sep 1970 Thomas O. Paine (b. 1921 - d. 1992) (acting to 21 Mar 1969) 15 Sep 1970 - 27 Apr 1971 George Michael Low (acting) (b. 1926 - d. 1984) 27 Apr 1971 - 1 May 1977 James C. Fletcher (1st time) (b. 1919 - d. 1991) 1 May 1977 - 21 Jun 1977 Alan M. Lovelace (1st time)(acting)(b. 1929 - d. 2018) 21 Jun 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 Robert A. Frosch (b. 1928 - d. 2020) 20 Jan 1981 - 10 Jul 1981 Alan M. Lovelace (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.) 10 Jul 1981 - 4 Dec 1985 James M. Beggs (b. 1926 - d. 2020) 4 Dec 1985 - 12 May 1986 William R. Graham (acting) (b. 1937) 12 May 1986 - 8 Apr 1989 James C. Fletcher (2nd time) (s.a.) 8 Apr 1989 - 13 May 1989 Dale D. Myers (acting) (b. 1922 - d. 2015) 14 May 1989 - 31 Mar 1992 Richard H. Truly (b. 1937 - d. 2024) 1 Apr 1992 - 17 Nov 2001 Daniel S. Goldin (b. 1940) 19 Nov 2001 - 21 Dec 2001 Daniel R. Mulville (acting) (b. 1939) 21 Dec 2001 - 18 Feb 2005 Sean O'Keefe (b. 1956) 18 Feb 2005 - 14 Apr 2005 Frederick D. Gregory (acting) (b. 1941) 14 Apr 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Michael D. Griffin (b. 1949) 20 Jan 2009 - 17 Jul 2009 Christopher J. Scolese (acting) (b. 1956) 17 Jul 2009 - 20 Jan 2017 Charles F. Bolden, Jr. (b. 1946) 20 Jan 2017 - 23 Apr 2018 Robert M. Lightfoot, Jr. (acting) (b. 1963) 23 Apr 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 James F. Bridenstine (b. 1975) 20 Jan 2021 - 3 May 2021 Steve G. Jurczyk (acting) (b. 1962 - d. 2023) 3 May 2021 - Clarence William "Bill" Nelson II (b. 1942)

National Archives and Records Administration

NARA Flag from 1985

[U.S.
National Archives and Records Administration
Variant flag]

NARA Variant

NARA website

9 Sep 1884 American Historical Association founded (incorporated by Congress on 4 Jan 1889). 19 Jun 1934 National Archives Establishment set up. 1 Jul1949 National Archives and Records Service (NARS) (within the General Services Administration). 1 Apr 1985 National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) (an independent agency).

Presidents of the American Historical Association 1884 - 1885 Andrew Dickinson White (b. 1832 - d. 1918) 1885 - 1886 George Bancroft (b. 1800 - d. 1891) 1886 - 1887 Justin Winsor (b. 1831 - d. 1897) 1887 - 1888 William Frederick Poole (b. 1821 - d. 1894) 1889 Charles Kendall Adams (b. 1835 - d. 1902) 1890 John Jay (b. 1817 - d. 1894) 1891 William Wirth Henry (b. 1831 - d. 1900) 1892 James B. Angell (b. 1829 - d. 1916) 1893 - 1894 Henry Adams (b. 1838 - d. 1918) 1895 George Fisbee Hoar (b. 1826 - d. 1904) 1896 Richard Salter Storrs (b. 1821 - d. 1900) 1897 James Schouler (b. 1839 - d. 1920) 1898 George Park Fisher (b. 1827 - d. 1909) 1899 James Frod Rhodes (b. 1848 - d. 1927) 1900 Edward Eggleston (b. 1837 - d. 1902) 1901 Charles Francis Adams (b. 1835 - d. 1915) 1902 Alfred Thayer Mahan (b. 1840 - d. 1914) 1903 Henry Charles Lea (b. 1825 - d. 1909) 1904 Goldwin Smith (b. 1823 - d. 1910) 1905 John Bach McMaster (b. 1852 - d. 1932) 1906 Simeon Eben Baldwin (b. 1840 - d. 1927) 1907 John Franklin Jameson (b. 1859 - d. 1937) 1908 George Burton Adams (b. 1851 - d. 1925) 1909 Albert Burton Hart (b. 1854 - d. 1943) 1910 Frederick Jackson Turner (b. 1861 - d. 1932) 1911 William Milligan Sloane (b. 1850 - d. 1928) 1912 Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1858 - d. 1919) 1913 William Archibald Dunning (b. 1857 - d. 1922) 1914 Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin (b. 1861 - d. 1947) 1915 Henry Morse Stephens (b. 1857 - d. 1919) 1916 George Lincoln Burr (b. 1857 - d. 1938) 1917 Worthington Chauncey Ford (b. 1858 - d. 1941) 1918 - 1919 William Roscoe Thayer (b. 1859 - d. 1923) 1920 Edward Channing (b. 1856 - d. 1931) 1921 Jean Jules Jusserand (b. 1855 - d. 1932) 1922 Charles Homer Haskins (b. 1870 - d. 1937) 1923 Edward Potts Cheyney (b. 1861 - d. 1947) 1924 - 3 Feb 1924 Woodrow Thomas Wilson (b. 1856 - d. 1924) 1924 - 1925 Charles Maclean Andrews (b. 1863 - d. 1943) 1926 Dana Carleton Munro (b. 1866 - d. 1933) 1927 Henry Osborn Taylor (b. 1856 - d. 1941) 1928 James Henry Breasted (b. 1865 - d. 1935) 1929 James Harvey Robinson (b. 1863 - d. 1936) 1930 Evarts Boutell Greene (b. 1870 - d. 1947) 1931 Carl Lotus Becker (b. 1873 - d. 1945) 1932 Herbert Eugene Bolton (b. 1870 - d. 1953) 1933 Charles Austin Beard (b. 1874 - d. 1948) 1934 William Edward Dodd (b. 1869 - d. 1940) Archivists of the United States 10 Oct 1934 - 15 Sep 1941 Robert Diggs Wimberley Connor (b. 1878 - d. 1950) 18 Sep 1941 - 31 May 1948 Solon Justus Buck (b. 1884 - d. 1962) 2 Jun 1948 - 6 Nov 1965 Wayne Grover (b. 1906 - d. 1970) 7 Nov 1965 - 9 Mar 1968 Robert H. Bahmer (b. 1904 - d. 1990) (acting to 16 Jan 1966) 10 Mar 1968 - 31 Aug 1979 James B. Rhoads (b. 1928 - d. 2015) (acting to 2 May 1968) 31 Aug 1979 - 15 Jul 1980 James E. O'Neill (acting) (b. 1929 - d. 1987) 15 Jul 1980 - 15 Apr 1985 Robert M. Warner (b. 1927 - d. 2007) 16 Apr 1985 - 4 Dec 1987 Frank G. Burke (acting) (b. 1927 - d. 2015) 4 Dec 1987 - 24 Mar 1993 Don Wilson (b. 1942) 25 Mar 1993 - 29 May 1995 Trudy Huskamp Peterson (f) (b. 1945) (acting) 30 May 1995 - 15 Feb 2005 John W. Carlin (b. 1940) 16 Feb 2005 - 19 Dec 2008 Allen Weinstein (b. 1937 - d. 2015) 19 Dec 2008 - 13 Nov 2009 Adrienne C. Thomas (f)(acting) 13 Nov 2009 - 30 Apr 2022 David S. Ferriero (b. 1945) 1 May 2022 - 17 May 2023 Debra Steidel Wall (f)(acting) (b. 1965) 17 May 2023 - Colleen Joy Shogan (f) (b. 1975)

National Endowment for the Arts (NEA)

[National Endowment for the
Arts flag (U.S.)]

National Endowment for the Arts

29 Sep 1965 National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) created.

Chairmen 29 Sep 1965 - 11 Mar 1969 Roger L. Stevens (b. 1910 - d. 1998) 6 Oct 1969 - 2 Oct 1977 Nancy Hanks (f) (b. 1927 - d. 1983) 7 Nov 1977 - Nov 1981 Livingston L. Biddle, Jr. (b. 1918 - d. 2002) Nov 1981 - Feb 1989 Frank Hodsoll (b. 1938 - d. 2016) Feb 1989 - Jul 1989 Hugh Southern (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019) Jul 1989 - 1 May 1992 John E. Frohnmayer (b. 1942) 1 May 1992 - Oct 1993 Anne-Imelda Radice (f)(acting) (b. 1948) Oct 1993 - Oct 1997 Jane Quigley Alexander (f) (b. 1939) Oct 1997 - 28 May 1998 Scott Shanklin-Peterson (f)(acting)(b. 1944) 28 May 1998 - 30 Sep 2001 Bill Ivey (b. 1944) 30 Sep 2001 - 22 Jan 2002 Robert Sidney Martin (acting) (b. 1949) 22 Jan 2002 - 29 Jan 2002 Michael P. Hammond (b. 1932 - d. 2002) 30 Jan 2002 - 13 Feb 2003 Eileen B. Mason (f) (1st time) (b. 1943) (acting) 13 Feb 2003 - 22 Jan 2009 Michael Dana Gioia (b. 1950) 22 Jan 2009 -29 Jan 2009 Eileen B. Mason (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting)29 Jan 2009 - 11 Aug 2009 Patrice Walker Powell (f)(acting) (b. 1952) 11 Aug 2009 - 26 Dec 2012 Rocco Landesman (b. 1947)26 Dec 2012 - 19 Jun 2014 Joan A. Shigekawa (f)(acting) (b. 1936) 19 Jun 2014 - 4 Jun 2018 R. Jane Chu (f) (b. 1957) 5 Jun 2018 - 19 Jan 2021 Mary Anne Carter (f) (acting to 1 Aug 2019) 20 Jan 2021 - 26 Jan 2022 Ann C. Eilers (f) (acting) 26 Jan 2022 - Maria Rosario Jackson (f) (b. 1965)

National Science Foundation (NSF)

to c.2015	Former Variant	NSF Flag Adopted c.2015
NSF U.S. Antarctic Program Flag

National Science Foundation (NSF)

10 May 1950 National Science Foundation (NSF) created. 4 Aug 1958 U.S. Antarctic Program established (within the NSF).

Directors 6 Apr 1951 - Jun 1963 Alan T. Waterman (b. 1892 - d. 1967)Jul 1963 - Jun 1969 Leland J. Haworth (b. 1904 - d. 1979) 1 Jul 1969 - 14 Jul 1969 Louis Levin (acting) (b. 1908 - d. 1981)14 Jul 1969 - Jan 1972 William D. McElroy (b. 1917 - d. 1999)Feb 1972 - Aug 1976 H. Guyford Stever (b. 1916 - d. 2010)Aug 1976 - Jun 1980 Richard Chatham Atkinson (b. 1929) (acting to 1 Jun 1977)Jul 1980 - Dec 1980 Donald N. Langenberg (acting) (b. 1932 - d. 2019)Dec 1980 - Oct 1982 John Brooks Slaughter (b. 1934 - d. 2023)Nov 1982 - Aug 1984 Edward Alan Knapp (b. 1932 - d. 2009)Sep 1984 - Aug 1990 Erich Bloch (b. 1925 - d. 2016)Sep 1990 - Mar 1991 Frederick M. Bernthal (b. 1943) (1st time) (acting)Mar 1991 - Apr 1993 Walter E. Massey (b. 1938)Apr 1993 - Oct 1993 Frederick M. Bernthal (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting)Oct 1993 - Aug 1998 Cornelius "Neal" F. Lane (b. 1938) 4 Aug 1998 - 22 Feb 2004 Rita Rossi Colwell (f) (b. 1934)22 Feb 2004 - May 2010 Arden L. Bement, Jr. (b. 1932) (acting to 24 Nov 2004) 1 Jun 2010 - 18 Oct 2010 Cora Bagley Marrett (f)(1st time) (b. 1942) (acting)18 Oct 2010 - 22 Mar 2013 Subra Suresh (b. 1956)22 Mar 2013 - 31 Mar 2014 Cora Bagley Marrett (f)(2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 31 Mar 2014 - 31 Mar 2020 France A. Córdova (f) (b. 1947) 31 Mar 2020 - 23 Jun 2020 Kelvin K. Droegemeier (acting) (b. 1958) 23 Jun 2020 - Sethuraman "Panch" Panchanathan (b. 1961)

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)

[flag of U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC)]

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)

19 Jan 1975 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) established from the regulatory functions of the Atomic Energy Commission.Chairmen19 Jan 1975 – 20 Apr 1976 William "Bill" Alison Anders (b. 1933 - d. 2024) 21 Apr 1976 - 9 Aug 1977 Marcus A. Rowden (b. 1928 - d. 2019) 9 Aug 1977 - 7 Dec 1979 Joseph M. Hendrie (1st time) (b. 1925 - d. 2023) 7 Dec 1979 - 3 Mar 1981 John F. Ahearne (b. 1934 - d. 2019) 3 Mar 1981 - 1 Jul 1981 Joseph M. Hendrie (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Jul 1981 – 30 Jun 1986 Nunzio J. Palladino (b. 1916 – d. 1999) 1 Jul 1986 – 30 Jun 1989 Lando W. Zech, Jr. (b. 1923 - d. 2011) 1 Jul 1989 – 30 Jun 1991 Kenneth M. Carr (b. 1925 - d. 2015) 1 Jul 1991 – 30 Jun 1995 Ivan Selin (b. 1937) 1 Jul 1995 – 30 Jun 1999 Shirley Ann Jackson (f) (b. 1946) 1 Jul 1999 – 29 Oct 1999 Greta Joy Dicus (f) (b. 1939 - d. 2006)29 Oct 1999 – 31 Mar 2003 Richard "Dick" A. Meserve (b. 1944) 1 Apr 2003 - 30 Jun 2006 Nils J. Diaz (b. 1938) 1 Jul 2006 - 13 May 2009 Dale E. Klein (b. 1947)13 May 2009 - 9 Jul 2012 Gregory B. Jaczko (b. 1970) 9 Jul 2012 - 1 Jan 2015 Allison M. Macfarlane (f) (b. 1964) 1 Jan 2015 - 23 Jan 2017 Stephen G. Burns (b. 1953) 23 Jan 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Kristine L. Svinicki (f) (b. 1966) 20 Jan 2021 -23 Jan 2021 Vacant 23 Jan 2021 - Christopher T. Hanson

Peace Corps

1971 - 1 Jun 2016, used 2018 - 2021

Adopted 1 Jun 2016

Peace Corps

1 Mar 1961 Peace Corps established (within the Department of State). 1 Jul 1971 - 29 Dec 1981 Component of the National Voluntary Action Program (ACTION); from 16 May 1979, a separate agency within ACTION. 29 Dec 1981 Becomes an independent agency.

Directors 22 Mar 1961 - 28 Feb 1966 R. Sargent Shriver (b. 1915 - d. 2011) 1 Mar 1966 - 30 Apr 1969 Jack H. Vaughn (b. 1920 - d. 2012) 1 May 1969 - 1 Jul 1971 Joseph Hoffer Blatchford (b. 1934 - d. 2020) 1 Jul 1971 - 11 Aug 1972 Kevin O'Donnell (b. 1925 - d. 2012) 11 Aug 1972 - 30 Sep 1973 Donald K. Hess (b. 1930 - d. 2013) 1 Oct 1973 - 1 Sep 1974 Nicholas "Nick" Wesson Craw (b. 1936) 1 Sep 1974 - 28 Apr 1975 Alfredo J. Perez (acting) (b. 1933? - d. 2016) 28 Apr 1975 - 13 May 1977 John R. Dellenback (b. 1918 - d. 2002) 13 May 1977 - 11 Oct 1977 Gretchen Mann Handwerger (f) (b. 1934) (acting) 11 Oct 1977 - 18 Dec 1978 Carolyn R. Payton (f) (b. 1925 - d. 2001) 18 Dec 1978 - 27 Apr 1979 Mary F. Cahill Leyland (f) (acting)(b. 1936) 27 Apr 1979 - 20 Jan 1981 Richard "Dick" F. Celeste (b. 1937) 20 Jan 1981 - 6 May 1981 William G. Sykes (acting) (b. 1926 - d. 2017) 6 May 1981 - 20 Apr 1989 Loret Miller Ruppe (f) (b. 1936 - d. 1996) 20 Apr 1989 - 1 Oct 1991 Paul D. Coverdell (b. 1939 - d. 2000) 8 Oct 1991 - 13 Nov 1992 Elaine Chao (f) (b. 1953) 13 Nov 1992 - 9 Feb 1993 Barbara Zartman (f) (acting) (b. 1943 - d. 2010) 9 Feb 1993 - 7 Oct 1993 John "Jack" P. Hogan (acting) (b. 1938 - d. 2019) 7 Oct 1993 - 1 May 1995 Carol Bellamy (f) (b. 1942) 1 May 1995 - 11 Aug 1995 Charles R. Baquet III (1st time) (b. 1941) (acting) 11 Aug 1995 - 11 Aug 1999 Mark D. Gearan (b. 1956) 11 Aug 1999 - 23 Dec 1999 Charles R. Baquet III (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 23 Dec 1999 - 20 Jan 2001 Mark L. Schneider (b. 1941) 20 Jan 2001 - 15 Feb 2002 Charles R. Baquet III (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting) 15 Feb 2002 - 26 Sep 2006 Gaddi H. Vasquez (b. 1955) 26 Sep 2006 - 16 Jan 2009 Ronald "Ron" A. Tschetter (b. 1941) 16 Jan 2009 - 24 Aug 2009 Josephine "Jody" K. Olsen (f) (b. 1942) (1st time)(acting)24 Aug 2009 - 17 Sep 2012 Aaron S. Williams (b. 1947) 17 Sep 2012 - 19 Jan 2017 Carolyn "Carrie" Hessler-Radelet(f)(b. 1957?) (acting to 25 Jun 2014) 20 Jan 2017 - 30 Mar 2018 Sheila Crowley (f) (acting) 30 Mar 2018 - 20 Jan 2021 Josephine "Jody" K. Olsen (f) (s.a.) (2nd time) 20 Jan 2021 - Carol Spahn (f) (acting to 21 Dec 2022)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Adopted 21 Sep 1982

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

6 Jun 1934 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Chairmen 2 Jul 1934 - 23 Sep 1935 Joseph "Joe" Patrick Kennedy, Sr. (b. 1888 - d. 1969) 23 Sep 1935 - 15 Sep 1937 James McCaule Landis (b. 1899 - d. 1964) 21 Sep 1937 - 16 Mar 1939 William Orville Douglas (b. 1898 - d. 1980) 28 Apr 1939 - 9 Mar 1941 Jerome N. Frank (b. 1889 - d. 1957) 9 Mar 1941 - 20 Dec 1942 Edward C. Eicher (b. 1878 - d. 1944) 20 Dec 1942 - 30 Jun 1946 Ganson Purcell (b. 1905 - d. 1967) 23 Jul 1946 - 31 Dec 1947 James J. Caffrey (b. 1897 - d. 1961) 1 Jan 1948 - 3 Nov 1949 Edmond M. Hanrahan (b. 1905 - d. 1979) 4 Nov 1949 - 25 Jan 1952 Harry A. McDonald (b. 1894 - d. 1964) 26 Jan 1952 - 17 Jun 1953 Donald C. Cook (b. 1909 - d. 1981) 17 Jun 1953 - 25 Apr 1955 Ralph H. Demmler (b. 1904 - d. 1995) 25 Apr 1955 - 27 Jun 1957 James Sinclair Armstrong (b. 1915 - d. 2000) 27 Jun 1957 - 20 Aug 1957 Andrew Downey Orrick (acting) (b. 1917 - d. 2008)20 Aug 1957 - 26 Feb 1961 Edward N. Gadsby (b. 1900 - d. 1973) 27 Feb 1961 - 20 Aug 1964 William L. Cary (b. 1910 - d. 1983) 20 Aug 1964 - 22 Jan 1969 Manuel F. Cohen (b. 1912 - d. 1977) 22 Jan 1969 - 2 Jan 1971 Hamer H. Budge (b. 1910 - d. 2003) 2 Jan 1971 - 14 Mar 1972 Hugh F. Owens (1st time)(acting) (b. 1909 - d. 1990) 14 Mar 1971 - 2 Jan 1973 William Joseph Casey (b. 1913 - d. 1987) 3 Feb 1973 - 16 Apr 1973 G. Bradford "Brad" Cook (b. 1937 - d. 2014) 16 Apr 1973 - 6 Aug 1973 Hugh F. Owens (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.) 6 Aug 1973 - 28 Oct 1975 Ray Garrett, Jr. (b. 1920 - d. 1980) 28 Oct 1975 - 10 Mar 1977 Roderick M. Hills (b. 1931 - d. 2014) 18 Mar 1977 - 1 Feb 1981 Harold M. Williams (b. 1928 - d. 2017) 1 Feb 1981 - 6 Apr 1981 Philip Albert Loomis, Jr. (acting) (b. 1915 - d. 1996) 6 Apr 1981 - 18 Jun 1987 John S.R. Shad (b. 1923 - d. 1999) 7 Aug 1987 - 30 Sep 1989 David Sturtevant Ruder (b. 1929 - d. 2020) 11 Oct 1989 - 7 Apr 1993 Richard C. Breeden (b. 1949) 7 Apr 1993 - 27 Jul 1993 Mary L. Schapiro (f)(1st time) (b. 1955) (acting) 27 Jul 1993 - 9 Feb 2001 Arthur Levitt, Jr. (b. 1931) 12 Feb 2001 - 3 Aug 2001 Laura Simone Unger (f)(acting) (b. 1961) 3 Aug 2001 - 17 Jan 2003 Harvey L. Pitt (b. 1945 - d. 2023) 18 Jan 2003 - 30 Jun 2005 William Henry Donaldson (b. 1931 - d. 2024) 30 Jun 2005 - 3 Aug 2005 Cynthia A. Glassman (f) (acting) (b. 1947) 3 Aug 2005 - 20 Jan 2009 Christopher "Chris" Cox (b. 1952) 20 Jan 2009 - 27 Jan 2009 Elisse B. Walter (f)(1st time) (b. 1950) (acting) 27 Jan 2009 - 14 Dec 2012 Mary L. Schapiro (f)(2nd time) (s.a.) 14 Dec 2012 - 10 Apr 2013 Elisse B. Walter (f)(2nd time) (s.a.) 10 Apr 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Mary Jo White (f) (b. 1947) 23 Jan 2017 - 4 May 2017 Michael S. Piwowar (acting) (b. 1968) 4 May 2017 - 23 Dec 2020 Walter Joseph "Jay" Clayton III (b. 1966) 24 Dec 2020 -20 Jan 2021 Elad Leon Roisman (acting) 21 Jan 2021 - 17 Apr 2021 Allison Herren Lee (f) (acting) 17 Apr 2021 - Gary Gensler (b. 1957)

Smithsonian Institution

1955 - 1996

[Smithsonian Institution former flag (U.S.)]

1996 Former Flag

Current Flag

Smithsonian Institution

10 Aug 1846 Smithsonian Institution established.

Chancellors 10 Aug 1846 - the Chief Justices of the U.S. Secretaries 3 Dec 1846 - 13 May 1878 Joseph Henry (b. 1797 - d. 1878)17 May 1878 - 19 Aug 1887 Spencer Fullerton Baird (b. 1823 - d. 1887) 10 Feb 1887 - 27 Feb 1906 Samuel Pierpont Langley (b. 1834 - d. 1906) (acting [for Baird to 19 Aug 1887] to 18 Nov 1887) 28 Feb 1906 - 31 Jan 1907 Richard Rathbun (acting) (b. 1852 - d. 1918) 31 Jan 1907 - 9 Feb 1927 Charles Doolittle Walcott (b. 1850 - d. 1927) 10 Feb 1927 - 30 Jun 1944 Charles Greeley Abbot (b. 1872 - d. 1973) (acting to 10 Jan 1928) 1 Jul 1944 - 31 Dec 1952 Alexander Wetmore (b. 1886 - d. 1978) (acting to 12 Jan 1945) 2 Jan 1953 - 31 Jan 1964 Leonard B. Carmichael (b. 1898 - d. 1973) 1 Feb 1964 - 17 Sep 1984 S. Dillon Ripley (b. 1913 - d. 2001) 17 Sep 1984 - 19 Sep 1994 Robert McCormick Adams, Jr. (b. 1926 - d. 2018) 19 Sep 1994 - 17 Dec 1999 I. Michael Heyman (b. 1930 - d. 2011) 24 Jan 2000 - 26 Mar 2007 Lawrence M. Small (b. 1941) 26 Mar 2007 - 30 Jun 2008 Cristián Samper (acting) (b. 1965) 1 Jul 2008 - 31 Dec 2014 G. Wayne Clough (b. 1941) 1 Jan 2015 - 30 Jun 2015 Albert G. Horvath (acting) 1 Jul 2015 -16 Jun 2019 David J. Skorton (b. 1949) 16 Jun 2019 - Lonnie G. Bunch III (b. 1952)

Social Security Administration

[Social Security
Administration flag (U.S.)]
Adopted 31 Mar 1995

Social Security Administration

14 Aug 1935 Social Security Board 25 Apr 1939 Underthe Federal Security Agency.16 Jul 1946 Social Security Administration (SSA). 11 Apr 1953 Under the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 4 May1980 Under theDepartment of Health and Human Services. 31 Mar 1995 Made an independent agency.

Chairmen 23 Aug 1935 - 19 Feb 1937 John Gilbert Winant (b. 1889 - d. 1947) 19 Feb 1937 - 16 Jul 1946 Arthur Joseph Altmeyer (b. 1891 - d. 1972) (acting from 30 Sep 1936) Commissioners 16 Jul 1946 - 10 Apr 1953 Arthur Joseph Altmeyer (s.a.) 11 Apr 1953 - 23 Nov 1953 William L. Mitchell (1st time) (b. 1900 - d. 1983) (acting) 24 Nov 1953 - 31 Jul 1954 John W. Tramburg (b. 1913 - d. 1963) 23 Aug 1954 - 31 Dec 1958 Charles I. Schottland (b. 1906 - d. 1995) 4 Feb 1959 - 3 Apr 1962 William L. Mitchell (2nd time) (s.a.) 17 Apr 1962 - 17 Mar 1973 Robert M. Ball (b. 1914 - d. 2008) 18 Mar 1973 - 24 Oct 1973 Arthur E. Hess (acting) (b. 1916 - d. 2005) 25 Oct 1973 - 12 Dec 1977 James B. Cardwell (b. 1922 - d. 2012) 13 Dec 1977 - 4 Oct 1978 Don I. Wortman (acting) (b. 1927 - d. 2020) 5 Oct 1978 - 31 Dec 1979 Stanford G. Ross (b. 1931 - d. 2020) 1 Jan 1980 - 2 Jan 1980 Herbert R. Doggette, Jr. (b. 1933) (1st time) (acting) 3 Jan 1980 - 19 Jan 1981 William J. Driver (b. 1918 - d. 1985) 20 Jan 1981 - 5 May 1981 Herbert R. Doggette, Jr. (s.a.) (2nd time) (acting) 6 May 1981 - 12 Sep 1983 John "Jack" A. Svahn (b. 1943) 14 Sep 1983 - 25 Jun 1986 Martha Abernathy McSteen (f) (b. 1923 - d. 2016) (acting) 26 Jun 1986 - 31 Jul 1989 Dorcas Ruth Hardy (f) (b. 1946 - d. 2019) 1 Aug 1989 - 30 Sep 1992 Gwendolyn S. King (f) (b. 1940) 1 Oct 1992 - 18 Jul 1993 Louis D. Enoff (acting) (b. 1942) 19 Jul 1993 - 7 Oct 1993 Lawrence H. Thompson (acting) (b. 1943) 8 Oct 1993 - 28 Feb 1997 Shirley Sears Chater (f) (b. 1932) 1 Mar 1997 - 28 Sep 1997 John J. Callahan (acting) (b. 1944) 29 Sep 1997 - 20 Jan 2001 Kenneth S. Apfel (b. 1948) 21 Jan 2001 - 28 Mar 2001 William A. Halter (acting) (b. 1960) 29 Mar 2001 - 9 Nov 2001 Larry G. Massanari (acting) 9 Nov 2001 - 19 Jan 2007 Jo Anne B. Barnhart (f) (b. 1950) 20 Jan 2007 - 11 Feb 2007 Linda S. McMahon (f)(acting) (b. 1948) 12 Feb 2007 - 13 Feb 2013 Michael J. Astrue (b. 1956) 14 Feb 2013 - 20 Jan 2017 Carolyn W. Colvin (f)(acting) (b. 1942) 21 Jan 2017 - 17Jun 2019 Nancy A. Berryhill (f)(acting) 17 Jun 2019 - 9 Jul 2021 Andrew Marshall Saul (b. 1946) 9 Jul 2021 - 20 Dec 2023 Kilolo Kijakazi (f) (acting) (b. 1956) 20 Dec 2023 - Martin J. O'Malley (b. 1963)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Former TVA Flag

Current TVA Flag

Tennessee Valley Authority

18 May 1933 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) established.

Chairmen of the Board of Directors 1 Jun 1933 - 23 Mar 1938 Arthur Ernest Morgan (b. 1878 - d. 1975) 23 Mar 1938 - 15 Sep 1941 Harcourt Alexander Morgan (b. 1867 - d. 1950) 15 Sep 1941 - 28 Oct 1946 David Eli Lilienthal (b. 1899 - d. 1981) 4 Nov 1946 - 18 May 1954 Gordon R. Clapp (b. 1905 - d. 1963) 18 May 1954 - 1 Sep 1954 Harry A. Curtis(acting) (b. 1884 - d. 1963) 1 Sep 1954 - 30 Jun 1962 Herbert D. Vogel (b. 1900 - d. 1984) 1 Jul 1962 - 18 May 1978 Aubrey J. Wagner (b. 1912 - d. 1990) 19 May 1978 - 22 Jun 1981 S. David Freeman (b. 1926 - d. 2020) 22 Jun 1981 - 25 Jan 1988 Charles Dean (b. 1925 - d. 1995) 25 Jan 1988 - 6 Jul 1992 Marvin T. Runyon (b. 1924 - d. 2004) 6 Jul 1992 - 18 May 1993 John B. Waters, Jr. (b. 1929 - d. 2018) 18 May 1993 - 14 Jul 1993 Vacant14 Jul 1993 - 16 Apr 2001 Craven H. Crowell (b. 1943) 16 Apr 2001 - 23 Jul 2001 Vacant23 Jul 2001 - 18 May 2005 Glenn L. McCullough, Jr. (b. 1954) 18 May 2005 - 31 Mar 2006 William "Bill" W. Baxter (b. 1953?) (acting to 17 Jun 2005)31 Mar 2006 - 18 May 2009 William "Bill" B. Sansom (1st time)(b. 1941) 18 May 2009 - 18 May 2010 Mike Duncan (b. 1951) 18 May 2010 - 3 Jan 2012 Dennis "Denny" C. Bottorff (b. 1944) 3 Jan 2012 - 18 May 2014 William "Bill" B. Sansom (2nd time)(s.a.)18 May 2014 - 3 Jan 2017 Joe H. Ritch (1st time) (b. 1951) 3 Jan 2017 - 18 May 2017 V. Lynn Evans (f) (b. c.1954) (acting to 19 Jan 2017) 19 May 2017 - 19 May 2019 Richard Howorth (b. 1951) 19 May 2019 - 3 Aug 2020 James "Skip" R. Thompson III 4 Aug 2020 - 18 Aug 2021 John L. Ryder (b. 1949) (acting to 27 Aug 2020) 18 Aug 2021 - 8 Nov 2023 William "Bill" B. Kilbride (b. 1950) 9 Nov 2023 - Joe H. Ritch (2nd time) (s.a.)

Presidents and Chief Executive Officers 31 Mar 2006 - 31 Dec 2012 Tom D. Kilgore (b. 1948) (acting to 13 Oct 2006) 1 Jan 2013 - 8 Apr 2019 William "Bill" D. Johnson (b. 1954) 8 Apr 2019 - Jeffrey "Jeff" J. Lyash (b. 1961)

U.S. Supreme Court

Supreme Court of the United States

4 Mar 1789 Supreme Court of the United States established (enabled by the Judiciary Act of 24 Sep 1789).

Chief Justices¹
26 Sep 1789 - 29 Jun 1795 John Jay (b. 1745 - d. 1829) 12 Aug 1795 - 15 Dec 1795 John Rutledge (acting) (b. 1739 - d. 1800) 8 Mar 1796 - 15 Dec 1800 Oliver Ellsworth (b. 1745 - d. 1807) 4 Feb 1801 - 6 Jul 1835 John Marshall (b. 1755 - d. 1835) 28 Mar 1836 - 12 Oct 1864 Roger Brooke Taney (b. 1777 - d. 1864) 15 Dec 1864 - 7 May 1873 Salmon Portland Chase (b. 1808 - d. 1873) 4 Mar 1874 - 23 Mar 1888 Morrison Remick Waite (b. 1816 - d. 1888) 8 Oct 1888 - 4 Jul 1910 Melville Weston Fuller (b. 1833 - d. 1910) 19 Dec 1910 - 19 May 1921 Edward Douglas White (b. 1845 - d. 1921) 11 Jul 1921 - 3 Feb 1930 William Howard Taft (b. 1857 - d. 1930) 24 Feb 1930 - 30 Jun 1941 Charles Evans Hughes (b. 1862 - d. 1948) 3 Jul 1941 - 22 Apr 1946 Harlan Fiske Stone (b. 1872 - d. 1946) 24 Jun 1946 - 8 Sep 1953 Fred Moore Vinson (b. 1890 - d. 1953) 5 Oct 1953 - 23 Jun 1969 Earl Warren (b. 1891 - d. 1974) 23 Jun 1969 - 26 Sep 1986 Warren Earl Burger (b. 1907 - d. 1995) 26 Sep 1986 - 3 Sep 2005 William Hubbs Rehnquist (b. 1924 - d. 2005) 29 Sep 2005 - John Glover Roberts, Jr. (b. 1955)

¹The office is often, but incorrectly, referred to as "Chief Justice of the Supreme Court." The United States Code specifies the title as "Chief Justice of the United States." The title was changed at the suggestion of Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, who wished to emphasize the Court's role as a coequal. During a vacancy the Court's senior Associate Justice temporarily assumes the administrative duties of the Chief Justice. Senior Associate Justices during vacancies were: 15 Dec 1795 - 8 Mar 1796 James Wilson (b. 1742 - d. 1798); 15 Dec 1800 - 4 Feb 1801 William Cushing (b. 1732 - d. 1810); 6 Jul 1835 - 28 Mar 1836 Joseph Story (b. 1779 - d. 1845); 12 Oct - 15 Dec 1864 James Moore Wayne (b. 1790 - d. 1867); 7 May 1873 - 4 Mar 1874 Nathan Cliford (b. 1803 - d. 1881); 23 Mar - 8 Oct 1888 Samuel Freeman Miller (b. 1816 - d. 1890); 4 Jul - 19 Dec 1910 John M. Harlan (b. 1833 - d. 1911); 11 May - 11 Jul 1921 Joseph McKenna (b. 1843 - d. 1926); 3-24 Feb 1930 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (b. 1841 - d. 1935); 30 Jun - 3 Jul 1941 Harlan Fiske Stone (s.a.); 22 Apr - 24 Jun 1946 and 8 Sep - 5 Oct 1953 Hugo L. Black (b. 1886 - d. 1971); and 3-29 Sep 2005 John Paul Stevens (b. 1920 - d. 2019).

U.S. Congress

U.S. Senate

U.S. Senate Official Flag

U.S. Senate Generic Flag

U.S. Senate President Pro Tempore's Flag

U.S. Senate website

Presidents Pro Tempore ("pro tem") of the Senate¹ 6 Apr 1789 - 21 Apr 1789 John Langdon (1st time) (b. 1741 - d. 1819) Fed 7 Aug 1789 - 9 Aug 1789 John Langdon (2nd time) (s.a.) Fed 18 Apr 1794 - 8 Oct 1789 Richard Henry Lee (b. 1732 - d. 1794) anti-Fed 5 Nov 1792 - 4 Dec 1792 John Langdon (3rd time) (s.a.) Fed 1 Mar 1793 - 2 Dec 1793 John Langdon (4th time) (s.a.) anti-Fed 31 May 1794 - 9 Nov 1794 Ralph Izard (b. 1741 - d. 1794) Fed 20 Feb 1795 - 7 Jun 1795 Henry Tazewell (1st time) (b. 1753 - d. 1799) anti-Fed 7 Dec 1795 - 8 Dec 1795 Henry Tazewell (2nd time) (s.a.) anti-Fed 6 May 1796 - 4 Dec 1796 Samuel Livermore (1st time) (b. 1732 - d. 1803) Fed 16 Feb 1797 - 3 Mar 1797 William Bingham (b. 1752 - d. 1804) Fed 6 Jul 1797 - Oct 1797 William Bradford (b. 1729 - d. 1808) Fed 22 Nov 1797 - 12 Dec 1797 Jacob Read (b. 1752 - d. 1801) Fed 27 Jun 1798 - 5 Dec 1798 Theodore Sedgwick (b. 1746 - d. 1814) Fed 6 Dec 1798 - 27 Dec 1798 John Laurance (b. 1750 - d. 1810) Fed 1 Mar 1799 - 1 Dec 1799 James Ross (b. 1762 - d. 1847) Fed 2 Dec 1799 - 29 Dec 1799 Samuel Livermore (2nd time) (s.a.) Fed 17 May 1800 - 16 Nov 1800 Uriah Tracy (b. 1755 - d. 1807) Fed 21 Nov 1800 - 27 Nov 1800 John E. Howard (b. 1752 - d. 1827) Fed 28 Feb 1801 - 3 Mar 1801 James Hillhouse (b. 1754 - d. 1832) Fed 7 Dec 1801 - 14 Jan 1802 Abraham Baldwin (1st time) (b. 1754 - d. 1804) D-R 17 Apr 1802 - 13 Dec 1802 Abraham Baldwin (2nd time) (s.a.) D-R 14 Dec 1802 - 18 Jan 1803 Stephen R. Bradley (1st time) (b. 1754 - d. 1830) D-R 25 Feb 1803 Stephen R. Bradley (2nd time) (s.a.) D-R 2 Mar 1803 - 16 Oct 1803 Stephen R. Bradley (3rd time) (s.a.) D-R 17 Oct 1803 - 6 Dec 1803 John Brown (1st time) (b. 1757 - d. 1837) D-R 23 Jan 1804 - 26 Feb 1804 John Brown (2nd time) (s.a.) D-R 10 Mar 1804 - 4 Nov 1804 Jesse Franklin (b. 1760 - d. 1823) D-R 15 Jan 1805 - 3 Feb 1805 Joseph Anderson (1st time) (b. 1754 - d. 1837) D-R 28 Feb 1805 - 1 Dec 1805 Joseph Anderson (2nd time) (s.a.) D-R 2 Dec 1805 - 15 Dec 1805 Samuel Smith (1st time) (b. 1752 - d. 1839) D-R 18 Mar 1806 - 30 Nov 1806 Samuel Smith (2nd time) (s.a.) D-R 2 Mar 1807 - 25 Oct 1807 Samuel Smith (3rd time) (s.a.) D-R 16 Apr 1808 - 6 Nov 1808 Samuel Smith (4th time) (s.a.) D-R 28 Dec 1808 - 8 Jan 1809 Stephen R. Bradley (4th time) (s.a.) D-R 30 Jan 1809 - 21 May 1809 John Milledge (b. 1757 - d. 1818) D-R 26 Jun 1809 - 18 Dec 1809 Andrew Gregg (b. 1755 - d. 1835) D-R 28 Feb 1810 - 2 Mar 1810 John Gaillard (1st time) (b. 1765 - d. 1826) D-R 17 Apr 1810 - 11 Dec 1810 John Gaillard (2nd time) (s.a.) D-R 23 Feb 1811 - 3 Nov 1811 John Pope (b. 1770 - d. 1845) D-R 24 Mar 1812 - 23 Mar 1813 William H. Crawford (b. 1772 - d. 1834) D-R 6 Dec 1813 - 5 Feb 1814 Joseph B. Varnum (b. 1750 - d. 1821) D-R 18 Apr 1814 - 4 Mar 1817 John Gaillard (3rd time) (s.a.) D-R 6 Mar 1817 - 18 Feb 1818 John Gaillard (4th time) (s.a.) D-R 31 Mar 1818 - 5 Jan 1819 John Gaillard (5th time) (s.a.) D-R 15 Feb 1819 - 26 Dec 1819 James Barbour (b. 1775 - d. 1842) D-R 25 Jan 1820 - 27 Dec 1821 John Gaillard (6th time) (s.a.) D-R 1 Feb 1822 - 2 Dec 1822 John Gaillard (7th time) (s.a.) D-R 19 Feb 1823 - 20 Jan 1824 John Gaillard (8th time) (s.a.) D-R 21 May 1824 - 3 Mar 1825 John Gaillard (9th time) (s.a.) D-R 9 Mar 1825 - 4 Dec 1825 John Gaillard (10th time) (s.a.) D-R 20 May 1826 - 3 Dec 1826 Nathaniel Macon (1st time) (b. 1758 - d. 1837) D-R 2 Jan 1827 - 13 Feb 1827 Nathaniel Macon (2nd time) (s.a.) D-R 2 Mar 1827 - 2 Dec 1827 Nathaniel Macon (3rd time) (s.a.) D-R 15 May 1828 - 18 Dec 1828 Samuel Smith (5th time) (s.a.) D-R 13 Mar 1829 - 10 Dec 1829 Samuel Smith (6th time) (s.a.) D-R 29 May 1830 - 31 Dec 1830 Samuel Smith (7th time) (s.a.) D-R 1 Mar 1831 - 11 Dec 1831 Samuel Smith (8th time) (s.a.) D-R 9 Jul 1832 - 16 Jul 1832 Littleton Waller Tazewell (b. 1774 - d. 1860) Jck 3 Dec 1832 - 15 Dec 1833 Hugh Lawson White (b. 1773 - d. 1840) Jck 28 Jun 1834 - 30 Nov 1834 George Poindexter (b. 1779 - d. 1853) anti-Jck 3 Mar 1835 - 6 Dec 1835 John Tyler (b. 1790 - d. 1862) Jck 1 Jul 1836 - 4 Dec 1836 William R. King (1st time) (b. 1786 - d. 1853) Dem 28 Jan 1837 - 3 Mar 1837 William R. King (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 7 Mar 1837 - 3 Sep 1837 William R. King (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 13 Oct 1837 - 3 Dec 1837 William R. King (4th time) (s.a.) Dem 2 Jul 1838 - 18 Dec 1838 William R. King (5th time) (s.a.) Dem 25 Feb 1839 - 26 Dec 1839 William R. King (6th time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Jul 1840 - 15 Dec 1840 William R. King (7th time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Mar 1841 - 4 Mar 1841 William R. King (8th time) (s.a.) Dem 11 Mar 1841 - 31 May 1842 Samuel L. Southard (b. 1787 - d. 1842) Whg 31 May 1842 - 4 Mar 1845 Willie Person Mangum (b. 1792 - d. 1861) Whg 27 Dec 1845 Ambrose H. Sevier (b. 1801 - d. 1848) Dem ("permitted to occupy the chair for the day") 8 Aug 1846 - 6 Dec 1846 David Rice Atchison (1st time) (b. 1807 - d. 1886) Dem 11 Jan 1847 - 13 Jan 1847 David Rice Atchison (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Mar 1847 - 5 Dec 1847 David Rice Atchison (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 2 Feb 1848 - 8 Feb 1848 David Rice Atchison (4th time) (s.a.) Dem 1 Jun 1848 - 14 Jun 1848 David Rice Atchison (5th time) (s.a.) Dem 26 Jun 1848 - 29 Jun 1848 David Rice Atchison (6th time) (s.a.) Dem 29 Jul 1848 - 4 Dec 1848 David Rice Atchison (7th time) (s.a.) Dem 26 Dec 1848 - 1 Jan 1849 David Rice Atchison (8th time) (s.a.) Dem 2 Mar 1849 - 5 Mar 1849 David Rice Atchison (9th time) (s.a.) Dem 16 Mar 1849 - 2 Dec 1849 David Rice Atchison (10th time) (s.a.) Dem 6 May 1850 - 19 May 1850 William R. King (9th time) (s.a.) Dem 11 Jul 1850 - 20 Dec 1852 William R. King (10th time) (s.a.) Dem 20 Dec 1852 - 4 Dec 1854 David Rice Atchison (11th time) (s.a.) Dem 4 Dec 1854 Lewis M. Cass (b. 1782 - d. 1866) Dem 5 Dec 1855 - 9 Jun 1856 Jesse D. Bright (1st time) (b. 1812 - d. 1875) Dem 9 Jun 1856 - 10 Jun 1856 Charles E. Stuart (b. 1810 - d. 1887) Dem 11 Jun 1856 - 6 Jan 1857 Jesse D. Bright (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 6 Jan 1857 - 4 Mar 1857 James M. Mason (b. 1798 - d. 1871) Dem 14 Mar 1857 - 29 Jul 1857 Thomas J. Rusk (b. 1803 - d. 1857) Dem 7 Dec 1857 - 20 Dec 1857 Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1st time) (b. 1802 - d. 1869) Dem 29 Mar 1858 - 2 May 1858 Benjamin Fitzpatrick (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 14 Jun 1858 - 5 Dec 1858 Benjamin Fitzpatrick (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 19 Jan 1859 Benjamin Fitzpatrick (4th time) (s.a.) Dem 25 Jan 1859 - 9 Feb 1859 Benjamin Fitzpatrick (5th time) (s.a.) Dem 9 Mar 1859 - 4 Dec 1859 Benjamin Fitzpatrick (6th time) (s.a.) Dem 19 Dec 1859 - 15 Jan 1860 Benjamin Fitzpatrick (7th time) (s.a.) Dem 20 Feb 1860 - 26 Feb 1860 Benjamin Fitzpatrick (8th time) (s.a.) Dem 12 Jun 1860 - 13 Jun 1860 Jesse D. Bright (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 26 Jun 1860 - 2 Dec 1860 Benjamin Fitzpatrick (9th time) (s.a.) Dem 16 Feb 1861 - 17 Feb 1861 Solomon Foot (1st time) (b. 1802 - d. 1866) Rep 23 Mar 1861 - 3 Jul 1861 Solomon Foot (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 18 Jul 1861 - 1 Dec 1861 Solomon Foot (3rd time) (s.a.) Rep 15 Jan 1862 Solomon Foot (4th time) (s.a.) Rep 31 Mar 1862 - 21 May 1862 Solomon Foot (5th time) (s.a.) Rep 19 Jun 1862 - 12 Dec 1862 Solomon Foot (6th time) (s.a.) Rep 18 Feb 1863 - 6 Dec 1863 Solomon Foot (7th time) (s.a.) Rep 18 Dec 1863 - 20 Dec 1863 Solomon Foot (8th time) (s.a.) Rep 23 Feb 1834 Solomon Foot (9th time) (s.a.) Rep 11 Mar 1864 - 13 Mar 1864 Solomon Foot (10th time) (s.a.) Rep 11 Apr 1834 - 13 Apr 1864 Solomon Foot (11th time) (s.a.) Rep 26 Apr 1864 - 4 Jan 1865 Daniel Clark (1st time) (b. 1809 - d. 1891) Rep 9 Feb 1865 - 19 Feb 1865 Daniel Clark (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 7 May 1865 - 2 Mar 1867 Lafayette Sabine Foster (b. 1806 - d. 1880) Rep 2 Mar 1867 - 3 Mar 1869 Benjamin F. Wade (b. 1800 - d. 1878) Rep 23 Mar 1869 - 28 Mar 1869 Henry Bowen Anthony (1st time) (b. 1815 - d. 1884) Rep 9 Apr 1869 - 2 Jun 1870 Henry Bowen Anthony (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 1 Jul 1870 - 5 Jul 1870 Henry Bowen Anthony (3rd time) (s.a.) Rep 17 Jul 1870 - 4 Dec 1870 Henry Bowen Anthony (4th time) (s.a.) Rep 10 Mar 1871 - 12 Mar 1871 Henry Bowen Anthony (5th time) (s.a.) Rep 17 Apr 1871 - 9 May 1871 Henry Bowen Anthony (6th time) (s.a.) Rep 23 May 1871 - 3 Dec 1871 Henry Bowen Anthony (7th time) (s.a.) Rep 21 Dec 1871 - 7 Jan 1872 Henry Bowen Anthony (8th time) (s.a.) Rep 23 Feb 1872 - 25 Feb 1872 Henry Bowen Anthony (9th time) (s.a.) Rep 8 Jun 1872 - 1 Dec 1872 Henry Bowen Anthony (10th time) (s.a.) Rep 4 Dec 1872 - 8 Dec 1872 Henry Bowen Anthony (11th time) (s.a.) Rep 13 Dec 1872 - 15 Dec 1872 Henry Bowen Anthony (12th time) (s.a.) Rep 20 Dec 1872 - 5 Jan 1873 Henry Bowen Anthony (13th time) (s.a.) Rep 24 Jan 1873 Henry Bowen Anthony (14th time) (s.a.) Rep 12 Mar 1873 - 13 Mar 1873 Matthew H. Carpenter (1st time) (b. 1824 - d. 1881) Rep 26 Mar 1873 - 30 Nov 1873 Matthew H. Carpenter (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 11 Dec 1873 - 6 Dec 1874 Matthew H. Carpenter (3rd time) (s.a.) Rep 23 Dec 1874 - 4 Jan 1875 Matthew H. Carpenter (4th time) (s.a.) Rep 25 Jan 1875 - 31 Jan 1875 Henry Bowen Anthony (15th time) (s.a.) Rep 15 Feb 1875 - 17 Feb 1875 Henry Bowen Anthony (16th time) (s.a.) Rep 9 Mar 1875 - 10 Mar 1875 Thomas White Ferry (1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1896) Rep 19 Mar 1875 - 20 Dec 1875 Thomas White Ferry (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 20 Dec 1875 - 5 Mar 1877 Thomas White Ferry (3rd time) (s.a.) Rep 26 Feb 1878 - 3 Mar 1878 Thomas White Ferry (4th time) (s.a.) Rep 17 Apr 1878 - 1 Dec 1878 Thomas White Ferry (5th time) (s.a.) Rep 3 Mar 1879 - 17 Mar 1879 Thomas White Ferry (6th time) (s.a.) Rep 15 Apr 1879 - 30 Apr 1879 Allen Thurman (1st time) (b. 1813 - d. 1895) Dem 7 Apr 1880 - 14 Apr 1880 Allen Thurman (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 6 May 1880 - 5 Dec 1880 Allen Thurman (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 10 Oct 1881 - 13 Oct 1881 Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. (b. 1828 - d. 1898) Dem 13 Oct 1881 - 3 Mar 1883 David Davis (b. 1815 - d. 1886) Ind 3 Mar 1883 - 3 Mar 1885 George Francis Edmunds (b. 1828 - d. 1919) Rep 7 Dec 1885 - 26 Feb 1887 John Sherman (b. 1823 - d. 1900) Rep 26 Feb 1887 - 3 Mar 1889 John J. Ingalls (1st time) (b. 1833 - d. 1900) Rep 7 Mar 1889 - 17 Mar 1889 John J. Ingalls (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 2 Apr 1889 - 1 Dec 1889 John J. Ingalls (3rd time) (s.a.) Rep 5 Dec 1889 - 10 Dec 1889 John J. Ingalls (4th time) (s.a.) Rep 28 Feb 1890 - 18 Mar 1890 John J. Ingalls (5th time) (s.a.) Rep 3 Apr 1890 - 2 Mar 1891 John J. Ingalls (6th time) (s.a.) Rep 2 Mar 1891 - 22 Mar 1893 Charles F. Manderson (b. 1837 - d. 1911) Rep 22 Mar 1893 - 7 Jan 1895 Isham Harris (1st time) (b. 1818 - d. 1897) Dem 7 Jan 1895 - 10 Jan 1895 Matt Ransom (b. 1826 - d. 1904) Dem 10 Jan 1895 - 7 Feb 1896 Isham Harris (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 7 Feb 1896 - 27 Apr 1911 William P. Frye (b. 1830 - d. 1911) Rep 14 Aug 1911 Augustus O. Bacon (1st time) (b. 1839 - d. 1914) Dem 4 Dec 1911 - 12 Dec 1911 Charles Curtis (b. 1860 - d. 1936) Rep 11 Jan 1912 - 17 Jan 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (2nd time) (b. 1839 - d. 1914) Dem 12 Feb 1912 - 14 Feb 1912 Jacob H. Gallinger (1st time) (b. 1837 - d. 1918) Rep 11 Mar 1912 - 12 Mar 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 25 Mar 1912 - 26 Mar 1912 Henry Cabot Lodge (b. 1850 - d. 1924) Rep 8 Apr 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (4th time) (s.a.) Dem 26 Apr 1912 - 7 May 1912 Jacob H. Gallinger (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 10 May 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (5th time) (s.a.) Dem 25 May 1912 Frank B. Brandegee (b. 1864 - d. 1924) Rep 30 May 1912 - 5 Jul 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (6th time) (s.a.) Dem 6 Jul 1912 - 31 Jul 1912 Jacob H. Gallinger (3rd time) (s.a.) Rep 1 Aug 1912 - 10 Aug 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (7th time) (s.a.) Dem 12 Aug 1912 - 26 Aug 1912 Jacob H. Gallinger (4th time) (s.a.) Rep 27 Aug 1912 - 15 Dec 1912 Augustus O. Bacon (8th time) (s.a.) Dem 16 Dec 1912 - 4 Jan 1913 Jacob H. Gallinger (5th time) (s.a.) Rep 5 Jan 1913 - 18 Jan 1913 Augustus O. Bacon (9th time) (s.a.) Dem 19 Jan 1913 - 1 Feb 1913 Jacob H. Gallinger (6th time) (s.a.) Rep 2 Feb 1913 - 15 Feb 1913 Augustus O. Bacon (10th time) (s.a.) Dem 16 Feb 1913 - 3 Mar 1913 Jacob H. Gallinger (7th time) (s.a.) Rep 13 Mar 1913 - 1 Oct 1916 James P. Clarke (b. 1854 - d. 1916) Dem 14 Dec 1916 - 3 Mar 1919 Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (b. 1861 - d. 1927) Dem 19 May 1919 - 6 Mar 1925 Albert B. Cummins (b. 1850 - d. 1926) Rep 6 Mar 1925 - 3 Mar 1933 George H. Moses (b. 1869 - d. 1944) Rep 9 Mar 1933 - 10 Nov 1940 Key Pittman (b. 1872 - d. 1940) Dem 19 Nov 1940 - 3 Jan 1941 William H. King (b. 1863 - d. 1949) Dem 6 Jan 1941 - 22 Jun 1941 Pat Harrison (b. 1881 - d. 1941) Dem 10 Jul 1941 - 2 Jan 1945 Carter Glass (b. 1858 - d. 1946) Dem 6 Jan 1945 - 2 Jan 1947 Kenneth McKellar (1st time) (b. 1869 - d. 1957) Dem 4 Jan 1947 - 2 Jan 1949 Arthur H. Vandenberg (b. 1884 - d. 1951) Rep 3 Jan 1949 - 2 Jan 1953 Kenneth McKellar (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 1953 - 4 Jan 1955 Styles Bridges (b. 1898 - d. 1961) Rep 5 Jan 1955 - 2 Jan 1957 Walter F. George (b. 1878 - d. 1957) Dem 3 Jan 1957 - 2 Jan 1969 Carl Hayden (b. 1877 - d. 1972) Dem 3 Jan 1969 - 21 Jan 1971 Richard B. Russell (b. 1897 - d. 1971) Dem 22 Jan 1971 - 27 Jul 1972 Allen J. Ellender (b. 1890 - d. 1972) Dem 28 Jul 1972 - 27 Dec 1978 James O. Eastland (b. 1904 - d. 1986) Dem 15 Jan 1979 - 5 Dec 1980 Warren G. Magnuson (1st time) (b. 1905 - d. 1989) Dem 5 Dec 1980 - 6 Dec 1980 Milton Young (b. 1897 - d. 1983) Rep 6 Dec 1980 - 3 Jan 1981 Warren G. Magnuson (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 5 Jan 1981 - 3 Jan 1987 Strom Thurmond (1st time) (b. 1902 - d. 2003) Rep 6 Jan 1987 - 3 Jan 1989 John C. Stennis (b. 1901 - d. 1995) Dem 3 Jan 1989 - 3 Jan 1995 Robert C. Byrd (1st time) (b. 1917 - d. 2010) Dem 4 Jan 1995 - 3 Jan 2001 Strom Thurmond (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 3 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2001 Robert C. Byrd (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 20 Jan 2001 - 6 Jun 2001 Strom Thurmond (3rd time) (s.a.) Rep 6 Jun 2001 - 3 Jan 2003 Robert C. Byrd (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 2003 - 3 Jan 2007 Ted F. Stevens (b. 1923 - d. 2010) Rep 4 Jan 2007 - 28 Jun 2010 Robert C. Byrd (4th time) (s.a.) Dem 28 Jun 2010 - 17 Dec 2012 Daniel K. Inouye (b. 1924 - d. 2012) Dem 18 Dec 2012 - 3 Jan 2015 Patrick "Pat" J. Leahy (1st time) (b. 1940) Dem 6 Jan 2015 - 3 Jan 2019 Orrin G. Hatch (b. 1934 - d. 2022) Rep 3 Jan 2019 - 20 Jan 2021 Charles "Chuck" E. Grassley (b. 1933) Rep 20 Jan 2021 - 3 Jan 2023 Patrick "Pat" J. Leahy (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 2023 - Patricia "Patty" L. Murray (f) (b. 1950) Dem ¹The Vice Presidents formally serve as presidents of the Senate, but rarely presides over routine day-to-day debate. Until 1890, the Senate elected a President Pro Tempore whenever the Vice President was not in attendance. When the Vice President returned, the President "Pro Tem" lost his place, and when the Vice President was again absent, the Senate again elected a President Pro Tempore. By the standing order agreed to on 12 Mar 1890, the Senate declared that the President Pro Tempore shall hold office during "the pleasure of the Senate and until another is elected, and shall execute the duties thereof during all future absences of the Vice President until the Senate does otherwise order."

Senate Majority Leaders 5 Mar 1925 - 3 Mar 1929 Charles Curtis (b. 1860 - d. 1936) Rep 5 Mar 1929 - 3 Mar 1933 James E. Watson (b. 1864 - d. 1948) Rep 4 Mar 1933 - 14 Jul 1937 Joseph T. Robinson (b. 1872 - d. 1937) Dem 22 Jul 1937 - 3 Jan 1947 Alben W. Barkley (b. 1877 - d. 1956) Dem 3 Jan 1947 - 3 Jan 1949 Wallace H. White, Jr. (b. 1877 - d. 1952) Rep 3 Jan 1949 - 3 Jan 1951 Scott W. Lucas (b. 1892 - d. 1968) Dem 3 Jan 1951 - 3 Jan 1953 Ernest W. McFarland (b. 1894 - d. 1984) Dem 3 Jan 1953 - 31 Jul 1953 Robert A. Taft (b. 1889 - d. 1953) Rep10 Jun 1953 - 3 Jan 1955 William F. Knowland (b. 1908 - d. 1974) Rep (acting [for Taft to 31 Jul 1953] to 4 Aug 1953) 3 Jan 1955 - 3 Jan 1961 Lyndon Baines Johnson (b. 1908 - d. 1973) Dem 3 Jan 1961 - 3 Jan 1977 Mike Mansfield (b. 1903 - d. 2001) Dem 4 Jan 1977 - 3 Jan 1981 Robert C. Byrd (1st time) (b. 1917 - d. 2010) Dem 3 Jan 1981 - 3 Jan 1985 Howard H. Baker, Jr. (b. 1925 - d. 2014) Rep 3 Jan 1985 - 3 Jan 1987 Robert "Bob" J. Dole (1st time) (b. 1923 - d. 2021) Rep 3 Jan 1987 - 3 Jan 1989 Robert C. Byrd (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 1989 - 3 Jan 1995 George J. Mitchell (b. 1933) Dem 3 Jan 1995 - 11 Jun 1996 Robert "Bob" J. Dole (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 12 Jun 1996 - 3 Jan 2001 Trent Lott (1st time) (b. 1941) Rep 3 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2001 Thomas "Tom" Daschle (1st time) (b. 1947) Dem 20 Jan 2001 - 6 Jun 2001 Trent Lott (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 6 Jun 2001 - 3 Jan 2003 Thomas "Tom" Daschle (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 7 Jan 2003 - 3 Jan 2007 William "Bill" H. Frist (b. 1952) Rep 4 Jan 2007 - 3 Jan 2015 Harry M. Reid (b. 1939 - d. 2021) Dem 6 Jan 2015 - 20 Jan 2021 A. Mitchell "Mitch" McConnell (b. 1942) Rep 20 Jan 2021 - Charles "Chuck" Schumer (b. 1950) Dem

Senate Minority Leaders 27 Apr 1920 - 3 Dec 1923 Oscar W. Underwood (b. 1862 - d. 1929) Dem 3 Dec 1923 - 4 Mar 1933 Joseph T. Robinson (s.a.) Dem 7 Mar 1933 - 25 Feb 1944 Charles Linza McNary (b. 1874 - d. 1944) Rep 1940 Warren Robinson Austin (b. 1877 - d. 1962) Rep (acting for McNary) 25 Feb 1944 - 3 Jan 1947 Wallace H. White, Jr. (s.a.) Rep (acting to 4 Jan 1945) 3 Jan 1947 - 3 Jan 1949 Alben W. Barkley (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 1949 - 29 Nov 1951 Kenneth Spicer Wherry (b. 1892 - d. 1951) Rep 8 Jan 1952 - 3 Jan 1953 Henry Styles Bridges (b. 1898 - d. 1961) Rep 3 Jan 1953 - 3 Jan 1955 Lyndon Baines Johnson (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 1955 - 3 Jan 1959 William F. Knowland (s.a.) Rep 7 Jan 1959 - 7 Sep 1969 Everett McKinley Dirksen (b. 1896 - d. 1969) Rep 7 Sep 1969 - 3 Jan 1977 Hugh Doggett Scott, Jr. (b. 1900 - d. 1994) Rep (acting to 24 Sep 1969) 4 Jan 1977 - 3 Jan 1981 Howard H. Baker, Jr. (s.a.) Rep 3 Jan 1981 - 3 Jan 1987 Robert C. Byrd (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 1987 - 3 Jan 1995 Robert "Bob" J. Dole (s.a.) Rep 3 Jan 1995 - 3 Jan 2001 Thomas "Tom" Daschle (1st time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 2001 - 20 Jan 2001 Trent Lott (1st time) (s.a.) Rep 20 Jan 2001 - 6 Jun 2001 Thomas "Tom" Daschle (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 6 Jun 2001 - 3 Jan 2003 Trent Lott (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 4 Jan 2001 - 3 Jan 2005 Thomas "Tom" Daschle (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 4 Jan 2005 - 3 Jan 2007 Harry M. Reid (1st time) (s.a.) Dem 4 Jan 2007 - 3 Jan 2015 Mitchell "Mitch" McConnell, Jr. (s.a.) Rep (1st time) 6 Jan 2015 - 3 Jan 2017 Harry M. Reid (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 2017 - 20 Jan 2021 Charles "Chuck" Schumer (s.a.) Dem 20 Jan 2021 - Mitchell "Mitch" McConnell, Jr. (s.a.) Rep (2nd time)

Party abbreviations: Party abbreviations: Dem= Democratic Party (liberal, center-left, former D-R, est.1829);Ind= Independent; Rep= Republican Party (conservative, center-right, est.1854); - Former parties: anti-Fed= Anti-Federalist (opposed to policies of the Federalists, 1780's-1794); D-R = Democratic-Republican Party (pro-states rights, anti-Federalist, 1794-1829, renamed Dem);Fed= Federalist Party (conservative, federalist, 1792-1824);Jck = Jacksonian Democrat; Whg = Whig Party (economic nationalist, protectionist,anti-Jacksonian, 1833-1860)

U.S. House of Representatives

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U.S. House of Representatives website

Speakers of the House of Representatives 1 Apr 1789 - 3 Mar 1791 Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg (b. 1750 - d. 1801) Fed (1st time) 24 Oct 1791 - 3 Mar 1793 Jonathan Trumbull (b. 1740 - d. 1809) Fed 2 Dec 1793 - 3 Mar 1795 Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg (s.a.) anti-Fed (2nd time) 7 Dec 1795 - 3 Mar 1799 Jonathan Dayton (b. 1760 - d. 1824) Fed 20 Apr 1798 George Dent (acting) (1st time) (b. 1756 - d. 1813) Fed (speaker pro tempore) 28 May 1798 George Dent (acting) (2nd time) (s.a.) Fed (speaker pro tempore) 2 Dec 1799 - 3 Mar 1801 Theodore Sedgwick (b. 1746 - d. 1813) Fed 7 Dec 1801 - 3 Mar 1807 Nathaniel Macon (b. 1758 - d. 1837) D-R 26 Oct 1807 - 3 Mar 1811 Joseph B. Varnum (b. 1750 - d. 1821) D-R 4 Nov 1811 - 19 Jan 1814 Henry Clay (1st time) (b. 1777 - d. 1852) D-R 19 Jan 1814 - 3 Mar 1815 Langdon Cheves (b. 1776 - d. 1857) D-R 4 Dec 1815 - 28 Oct 1820 Henry Clay (2nd time) (s.a.) D-R 15 Nov 1820 - 3 Mar 1821 John W. Taylor (1st time) (b. 1784 - d. 1854) D-R 4 Dec 1821 - 3 Mar 1823 Philip P. Barbour (b. 1783 - d. 1841) D-R 3 Dec 1823 - 6 Mar 1825 Henry Clay (3rd time) (s.a.) D-R 5 Dec 1825 - 3 Mar 1827 John W. Taylor (2nd time) (s.a.) D-R 3 Dec 1827 - 2 Jun 1834 Andrew Stevenson (b. 1784 - d. 1857)12/7/1829:Jck 2 Jun 1834 - 3 Mar 1835 John Bell (b. 1797 - d. 1869) Whg 7 Dec 1835 - 3 Mar 1839 James K. Polk (b. 1795 - d. 1849) Jck 16 Dec 1839 - 3 Mar 1841 Robert M.T. Hunter (b. 1809 - d. 1887) Whg 31 May 1841 - 3 Mar 1843 John White (b. 1802 - d. 1845) Whg 4 Dec 1843 - 3 Mar 1845 John W. Jones (b. 1791 - d. 1848) Dem 1 Dec 1845 - 3 Mar 1847 John W. Davis (b. 1799 - d. 1859) Dem 6 Dec 1847 - 3 Mar 1849 Robert C. Winthrop (b. 1809 - d. 1894) Whg 22 Dec 1849 - 3 Mar 1851 Howell Cobb (b. 1815 - d. 1868) Dem 1 Dec 1851 - 3 Mar 1855 Linn Boyd (b. 1800 - d. 1859) Dem 2 Feb 1856 - 3 Mar 1857 Nathaniel P. Banks (b. 1816 - d. 1894) AP 7 Dec 1857 - 3 Mar 1859 James L. Orr (b. 1822 - d. 1873) Dem 1 Feb 1860 - 3 Mar 1861 William Pennington (b. 1796 - d. 1862) Rep 4 Jul 1861 - 3 Mar 1863 Galusha A. Grow (b. 1823 - d. 1907) Rep 7 Dec 1863 - 3 Mar 1869 Schuyler Colfax (b. 1823 - d. 1885) Rep 3 Mar 1869 Theodore M. Pomeroy (b. 1824 - d. 1905) Rep 4 Mar 1869 - 3 Mar 1875 James G. Blaine (b. 1830 - d. 1893) Rep 6 Dec 1875 - 19 Aug 1876 Michael C. Kerr (b. 1827 - d. 1876) Dem 20 Aug 1876 - 4 Dec 1876 Milton Sayler (b. 1831 - d. 1892) Dem (speaker pro tempore) 4 Dec 1876 - 3 Mar 1881 Samuel J. Randall (b. 1828 - d. 1890) Dem 5 Dec 1881 - 3 Mar 1883 Joseph Warren Keifer (b. 1836 - d. 1932) Rep 3 Dec 1883 - 3 Mar 1889 John G. Carlisle (b. 1835 - d. 1910) Dem 2 Dec 1889 - 3 Mar 1891 Thomas B. Reed (1st time) (b. 1839 - d. 1902) Rep 7 Dec 1891 - 3 Mar 1895 Charles F. Crisp (b. 1845 - d. 1896) Dem 2 Dec 1895 - 3 Mar 1899 Thomas B. Reed (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 4 Dec 1899 - 3 Mar 1903 David B. Henderson (b. 1840 - d. 1906) Rep 9 Nov 1903 - 3 Mar 1911 Joseph G. Cannon (b. 1836 - d. 1926) Rep 4 Apr 1911 - 3 Mar 1919 James Beauchamp "Champ" Clark (b. 1850 - d. 1921) Dem 19 May 1919 - 3 Mar 1925 Frederick H. Gillett (b. 1851 - d. 1935) Rep 7 Dec 1925 - 3 Mar 1931 Nicholas Longworth (b. 1869 - d. 1931) Rep 7 Dec 1931 - 3 Mar 1933 John Nance Garner (b. 1868 - d. 1967) Dem 9 Mar 1933 - 19 Aug 1934 Henry T. Rainey (b. 1860 - d. 1934) Dem 3 Jan 1935 - 4 Jun 1936 Joseph W. Byrns (b. 1869 - d. 1936) Dem 4 Jun 1936 - 15 Sep 1940 William B. Bankhead (b. 1874 - d. 1940) Dem 16 Sep 1940 - 3 Jan 1947 Sam Rayburn (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1961) Dem 3 Jan 1947 - 3 Jan 1949 Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (b. 1884 - d. 1968) Rep (1st time) 3 Jan 1949 - 3 Jan 1953 Sam Rayburn (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 3 Jan 1953 - 3 Jan 1955 Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (s.a.) Rep (2nd time) 5 Jan 1955 - 16 Nov 1961 Sam Rayburn (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 10 Jan 1962 - 3 Jan 1971 John W. McCormack (b. 1891 - d. 1980) Dem 21 Jan 1971 - 3 Jan 1977 Carl B. Albert (b. 1908 - d. 2000) Dem 4 Jan 1977 - 3 Jan 1987 Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill, Jr. (b. 1912 - d. 1994) Dem 6 Jan 1987 - 6 Jun 1989 James "Jim" C. Wright, Jr. (b. 1922 - d. 2015) Dem 6 Jun 1989 - 3 Jan 1995 Thomas "Tom" S. Foley (b. 1929 - d. 2013) Dem 4 Jan 1995 - 3 Jan 1999 Newt Gingrich (b. 1943) Rep 6 Jan 1999 - 3 Jan 2007 Dennis "Denny" Hastert (b. 1942) Rep 4 Jan 2007 - 3 Jan 2011 Nancy D'Alesandro Pelosi (f) (b. 1940) Dem (1st time) 5 Jan 2011 - 29 Oct 2015 John A. Boehner (b. 1949) Rep 29 Oct 2015 - 3 Jan 2019 Paul D. Ryan (b. 1970) Rep 3 Jan 2019 - 3 Jan 2022 Nancy D'Alesandro Pelosi (f) (s.a.) Dem (2nd time) 7 Jan 2023 - 4 Oct 2023 Kevin O. McCarthy (b. 1965) Rep 4 Oct 2023 - 25 Oct 2023 Patrick T. McHenry (b. 1975) Rep
(speaker pro tempore) 25 Oct 2023 - James Michael "Mike" Johnson (b. 1972) Rep

House Majority Leaders 1899 - 1911 Sereno Elisha Payne (b. 1843 - d. 1914) Rep 1911 - 1915 Oscar Wilder Underwood (b. 1862 - d. 1929) Dem 1915 - 1919 Claude Kitchin (b. 1869 - d. 1923) Dem 1919 - 1923 Franklin "Frank" Wheeler Mondell (b. 1860 - d. 1939) Rep 1923 - 1925 Nicholas Longworth (b. 1869 - d. 1931) Rep 1925 - 1931 John Quillin Tilson (b. 1866 - d. 1958) Rep 1931 - 1933 Henry T. Rainey (b. 1860 - d. 1934) Dem 1933 - 1935 Joseph W. Byrns (b. 1869 - d. 1936) Dem 1935 - 1937 William B. Bankhead (b. 1874 - d. 1940) Dem 1937 - 1940 Sam Rayburn (b. 1882 - d. 1961) Dem 1940 - 1947 John W. McCormack (1st time) (b. 1891 - d. 1980) Dem 1947 - 1949 Charles Abraham Halleck (b. 1900 - d. 1986) Rep (1st time) 1949 - 1953 John W. McCormack (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 1953 - 1955 Charles Abraham Halleck (s.a.) Rep (2nd time) 1955 - 1962 John W. McCormack (3rd time) (s.a.) Dem 1962 - 1971 Carl B. Albert (b. 1908 - d. 2000) Dem 1971 - 1973 Thomas Hale Boggs, Sr. (b. 1914 - d. 1972) Dem 1973 - 1977 Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill, Jr. (b. 1912 - d. 1994) Dem 1977 - 1986 James "Jim" C. Wright, Jr. (b. 1922 - d. 2015) Dem 1987 - 1989 Thomas "Tom" S. Foley (b. 1929 - d. 2013) Dem 1989 - 1994 Richard "Dick" A. Gephardt (b. 1941) Dem 1994 - 2002 Richard "Dick" K. Armey (b. 1940) Rep 2003 - 28 Sep 2005 Thomas "Tom" Dale Delay (b. 1947) Rep 28 Sep 2005 - 2 Feb 2006 Roy D. Blunt (b. 1950) Rep 2 Feb 2006 - 3 Jan 2007 John A. Boehner (b. 1949) Rep 4 Jan 2007 - 3 Jan 2011 Steny H. Hoyer (1st time) (b. 1939) Dem 5 Jan 2011 - 1 Aug 2014 Eric I. Cantor (b. 1963) Rep 1 Aug 2014 - 3 Jan 2019 Kevin O. McCarthy (b. 1965) Rep 3 Jan 2019 - 3 Jan 2023 Steny H. Hoyer (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 7 Jan 2023 - Stephen J. Scalise (b. 1965) Rep

House Minority Leaders 1899 - 1903 James Daniel Richardson (b. 1843 - d. 1914) Dem 1903 - 1908 John Sharp Williams (b. 1854 - d. 1932) Dem 1908 - 1911 James "Champ" Beauchamp Clark (b. 1850 - d. 1921) Dem (1st time) 1911 - 1919 James Robert Mann (b. 1856 - d. 1922) Rep 1919 - 1921 James "Champ" Beauchamp Clark (s.a.) Dem (2nd time) 1921 - 1923 Claude Kitchin (b. 1869 - d. 1923) Dem 1923 - 1929 Finis James Garrett (b. 1875 - d. 1956) Dem 1929 - 1931 John Nance Garner (b. 1868 - d. 1967) Dem 1931 - 1939 Bertrand Hollis Snell (b. 1870 - d. 1958) Rep 1939 - 1947 Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (1st time) (b. 1884 - d. 1968) Rep 1947 - 1949 Sam Rayburn (1st time) (s.a.) Dem 1949 - 1953 Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 1953 - 1955 Sam Rayburn (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem 1955 - 1959 Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.) Rep 1959 - 1965 Charles Abraham Halleck (s.a.) Rep 1965 - 1973 Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. (b. 1913 - d. 2006) Rep 1974 - 1981 John Jacob Rhodes (b. 1916 - d. 2003) Rep 1981 - 1994 Robert "Bob" H. Michel (b. 1923 - d. 2017) Rep 1995 - 2002 Richard "Dick" A. Gephardt (b. 1941) Dem 2003 - 3 Jan 2007 Nancy D'Alesandro Pelosi (f) (b. 1940) Dem (1st time) 4 Jan 2007 - 3 Jan 2011 John A. Boehner (b. 1949) Rep 5 Jan 2011 - 3 Jan 2019 Nancy D'Alesandro Pelosi (f) (s.a.) Dem (2nd time) 3 Jan 2019 - 3 Jan 2023 Kevin O. McCarthy (b. 1965) Rep 7 Jan 2023 - Hakeem S. Jeffries (b. 1970) Dem

Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic Party (liberal, center-left, former D-R, est.1829); Rep = Republican Party (conservative, center-right, est.1854);
- Former parties: anti-Fed = Anti-Federalist (Fed opposition, 1780's-1794); AP = American Party (anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, Unionist, informally called Know-Nothing Party, 1853-1860); D-R = Democratic-Republican Party (pro-states rights, anti-Federalist, 1791-1829, renamed Dem); Fed = Federalist Party (conservative, federalist, 1792-1824); Jck = Jacksonian Democrat (Jacksonson faction of D-R/Dem, 1824-1839); Whg = Whig Party (economic nationalist, protectionist, anti-Jacksonian, 1833-1860)

Library of Congress

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Library of Congress

24 Apr 1800 Library of Congress (LOC) created.

Librarians of Congress 29 Jan 1802 - 8 Apr 1807 John J. Beckley (b. 1757 - d. 1807) 7 Nov 1807 - 28 Jan 1815 Patrick Magruder (b. 1768 - d. 1819) 21 Mar 1815 - 28 May 1829 George Watterston (b. 1783 - d. 1854) 28 May 1829 - 24 May 1861 John Silva Meehan (b. 1790 - d. 1863) 24 May 1861 - 31 Dec 1864 John G. Stephenson (b. 1828 - d. 1882) 31 Dec 1864 - 30 Jun 1897 Ainsworth Rand Spofford (b. 1825 - d. 1908) 30 Jun 1897 - 17 Jan 1899 John Russell Young (b. 1840 - d. 1899) 5 Apr 1899 - 1 Oct 1939 Herbert Putnam (b. 1861 - d. 1955) 2 Oct 1939 - 19 Dec 1944 Archibald MacLeish (b. 1892 - d. 1982) 19 Dec 1944 - 5 Jul 1953 Luther Harris Evans (b. 1902 - d. 1981) (acting to 30 Jun 1945) 5 Jul 1953 - 1 Sep 1954 Verner W. Clapp (acting) (b. 1901 - d. 1972) 1 Sep 1954 - 31 Dec 1974 L. Quincy Mumford (b. 1903 - d. 1982) 31 Dec 1974 - 12 Nov 1975 John G. Lorenz (acting) (b. 1915 - d. 2016) 12 Nov 1975 - 4 Aug 1987 Daniel J. Boorstin (b. 1914 - d. 2004) 4 Aug 1987 - 17 Sep 1987 William J. Welsh (acting) (b. 1919 - d. 2012)14 Sep 1987 - 30 Sep 2015 James H. Billington (b. 1929 - d. 2018) 1 Oct 2015 - 14 Sep 2016 David S. Mao (acting) 14 Sep 2016 - Carla D. Hayden (f) (b. 1952)

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

GAO Flag to 2004

[flag of U.S. Government Accountability
Office (GAO)]

Adopted 2004

General Accountability Office

10 Jun 1921 General Accounting Office (GAO) established. 7 Jul 2004 Renamed Government Accountability Office.

Comptrollers General of the United States 1 Jul 1921 - 30 Jun 1936 John R. McCarl (b. 1879 - d. 1940) 1 Jul 1936 - 11 Apr 1939 Richard N. Elliott (1st time) (b. 1873 - d. 1948) (acting)11 Apr 1939 - 19 Jun 1940 Fred H. Brown (b. 1879 - d. 1955) 19 Jun 1940 - 1 Nov 1940 Richard N. Elliott (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 1 Nov 1940 - 30 Apr 1954 Lindsay C. Warren (b. 1889 - d. 1976) 1 May 1954 - 14 Dec 1954 Frank H. Weitzel (1st time)(acting)(b. 1908 - d. 1987)14 Dec 1954 - 31 Jul 1965 Joseph Campbell (b. 1900 - d. 1984) 1 Aug 1965 - 8 Mar 1966 Frank H. Weitzel (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.) 8 Mar 1966 - 4 Mar 1981 Elmer B. Staats (b. 1914 - d. 2011) 4 Mar 1981 - 8 Oct 1981 Milton J. Socolar (acting) (b. 1925 - d. 2021) 8 Oct 1981 - 30 Sep 1996 Charles A. Bowsher (b. 1931 - d. 2022) 1 Oct 1996 - 9 Nov 1998 James F. Hinchman (acting) (b. 1943) 9 Nov 1998 - 13 Mar 2008 David M. Walker (b. 1951)13 Mar 2008 - Eugene "Gene" L. Dodaro (b. 1951) (acting to 22 Dec 2010)

Political Parties

Democratic National Committee (DNC)

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the Democratic Party (U.S.)]
Unofficial Democratic Party Flag

Democratic National Committee

Chairmen of the Democratic National Committee 1848 - 1852 Benjamin Franklin Hallett (b. 1797 - d. 1862) 1852 - 1856 Robert Milligan McLane (b. 1815 - d. 1898) 1856 - 1860 David Allen Smalley (b. 1809 - d. 1877) 1860 - 1872 August Belmont, Sr. (b. 1813 - d. 1890) 1872 - 1876 Augustus Schell (b. 1812 - d. 1884) 1876 - 1877 Abram Stevens Hewitt (b. 1822 - d. 1903) 4 Mar 1877 - 30 Apr 1889 William Henry Barnum (b. 1818 - d. 1889) 1889 - 1892 Calvin Stewart Brice (b. 1845 - d. 1898) 1892 - 1896 William Francis Harrity (b. 1850 - d. 1912) 1896 - 1904 James Kimbrough Jones (b. 1839 - d. 1908) 1904 - 1908 Thomas Taggart (b. 1856 - d. 1929) 1908 - 1912 Norman Edward Mack (b. 1856 - d. 1932) 15 Jul 1912 - 15 Jun 1916 William Frank McCombs (b. 1876 - d. 1921) 15 Jun 1916 - 15 Jan 1919 Vance Criswell McCormick (b. 1872 - d. 1946) 27 Feb 1919 - 28 Jul 1920 Homer Stille Cummings (b. 1870 - d. 1956) 1920 - 1921 George White (b. 1872 - d. 1953) 2 Nov 1921 - 22 Jul 1924 Cordell Hull (b. 1871 - d. 1955) 22 Jul 1924 - 11 Jul 1928 Clement "Clem" Lawrence Shaver (b. 1867 - d. 1954) 11 Jul 1928 - 2 Jul 1932 John Jakob Raskob (b. 1879 - d. 1950) 2 Jul 1932 - 17 Aug 1940 James Aloysius Farley (b. 1888 - d. 1976) 17 Aug 1940 - 18 Jan 1943 Edward Joseph Flynn (b. 1891 - d. 1953) 18 Jan 1943 - 23 Jan 1944 Frank Comerford Walker (b. 1886 - d. 1959) 23 Jan 1944 - 29 Oct 1947 Robert Emmet Hannegan (b. 1903 - d. 1949) 29 Oct 1947 - 24 Aug 1949 James Howard McGrath (b. 1903 - d. 1966) 24 Aug 1949 - 31 Oct 1951 William Marshall Boyle, Jr. (b. 1902 - d. 1961) 31 Oct 1951 - 9 Aug 1952 Frank Edward McKinney, Sr. (b. 1904 - d. 1974) 9 Aug 1952 - 1 Jan 1955 Stephen A. Mitchell (b. 1903 - d. 1974) 1955 - Jul 1960 Paul Mulholland Butler (b. 1905 - d. 1961) 17 Jul 1960 - 21 Jan 1961 Henry Martin "Scoop" Jackson (b. 1912 - d. 1983) 21 Jan 1961 - 30 Aug 1968 John Moran Bailey (b. 1904 - d. 1975) 30 Aug 1968 - 14 Jan 1969 Lawrence Francis O'Brien (1st time)(b. 1917 - d. 1990) 1969 - 1970 Fred Roy Harris (b. 1930) 5 Mar 1970 - 14 Jul 1972 Lawrence Francis O'Brien (2nd time)(s.a.) 14 Jul 1972 - 9 Dec 1972 Jean Miles Westwood (f) (b. 1923 - d. 1997) 9 Dec 1972 - 21 Jan 1977 Robert Schwarz Strauss (b. 1918 - d. 2014) 21 Jan 1977 - 27 Jan 1978 Kenneth Merwin Curtis (b. 1931) 27 Jan 1978 - 27 Feb 1981 John Coyle White (b. 1924 - d. 1995) 27 Feb 1981 - 1 Feb 1985 Charles Taylor Manatt (b. 1936 - d. 2011) 2 Feb 1985 - 10 Feb 1989 Paul Grattan Kirk, Jr. (b. 1938) 11 Feb 1989 - 21 Jan 1993 Ronald "Ron" Harmon Brown (b. 1941 - d. 1996) 21 Jan 1993 - 11 Nov 1994 David Wilhelm (b. 1956) 11 Nov 1994 - 21 Jan 1995 Debra DeLee (f) (b. 1948) - National chairmen - 21 Jan 1995 - 21 Jan 1997 Donald "Don" L. Fowler (b. 1935 - d. 2020) 21 Jan 1997 - 22 Jan 1999 Steve Grossman (b. 1946) 22 Jan 1999 - 3 Feb 2001 Joseph "Joe" Jerry Andrew (b. 1960) - General chairmen - 21 Jan 1995 - 21 Jan 1997 Christopher "Chris" Dodd (b. 1944) 21 Jan 1997 - 25 Sep 1999 Roy Rudolf Romer (b. 1928) 25 Sep 1999 - 3 Feb 2001 Edward "Ed" Gene Rendell (b. 1944) - Chairmen - 3 Feb 2001 - 12 Feb 2005 Terry McAuliffe (b. 1957) 12 Feb 2005 - 21 Jan 2009 Howard Brush Dean III (b. 1948) 21 Jan 2009 - 5 Apr 2011 Timothy "Tim" M. Kaine (b. 1958) 5 Apr 2011 - 4 May 2011 Donna Brazile (f)(1st time)(acting)(b. 1959) 4 May 2011 - 28 Jul 2016 Debbie Wasserman Schultz (f) (b. 1966)28 Jul 2016 - 25 Feb 2017 Donna Brazile (f)(2nd time)(acting)(s.a.) 25 Feb 2017 - 21 Jan 2021 Thomas "Tom" E. Perez (b. 1961) 21 Jan 2021 - Jaime R. Harrison (b. 1976) - Chief Executive Officers - 2 Jan 2014 - 2 Aug 2016 Amy K. Dacey (f) (b. 1971) 12 May 2017 - 31 Jan 2018 Jessica "Jess" O'Connell (f) (b. 1973) 1 Feb 2018 - 23 Jul 2018 Mary Beth Cahill (f)(1st time) (b. 1954) (interim) 23 Jul 2018 - 27 Apr 2020 Seema Nanda (f) (b. 1970) 27 Apr 2020 - 21 Jan 2021 Mary Beth Cahill (f)(2nd time) (s.a.)

Republican National Committee (RNC)

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the Republican Party (GOP) (U.S.)]
Unofficial Republican Party Flag

Republican National Committee

Chairmen of the Republican National Committee 1856 - 1864 Edwin Denison Morgan (1st time) (b. 1811 - d. 1883) 1864 - 1866 Henry Jarvis Raymond (b. 1820 - d. 1869) 3 Sep 1866 - 21 May 1868 Marcus Lawrence Ward (b. 1812 - d. 1884) 1868 - 1872 William Claflin (b. 1818 - d. 1905) 1872 - 1876 Edwin Denison Morgan (2nd time) (s.a.) Jun 1876 - 1 Nov 1879 Zachariah Chandler (b. 1813 - d. 1879) 1 Nov 1879 - 2 Jul 1880 James Donald Cameron (b. 1833 - d. 1918) (acting to 17 Dec 1879) 2 Jul 1880 - 10 Feb 1883 Marshall Jewell (b. 1825 - d. 1883) 21 Dec 1883 - 6 Jun 1884 Dwight May Sabin (b. 1843 - d. 1902) 6 Jun 1884 - 12 Jul 1888 Benjamin Franklin Jones (b. 1824 - d. 1903)Jul 1888 - Jul 1891 Matthew Stanley Quay (b. 1833 - d. 1904) 19 Jul 1891 - 29 Jun 1892 James Sullivan Clarkson (b. 1842 - d. 1918) 29 Jun 1892 - 8 Jul 1892 William James Campbell (b. 1850 - d. 1896) 16 Jul 1892 - 18 Jun 1896 Thomas Henry Carter (b. 1854 - d. 1911) 18 Jun 1896 - 15 Feb 1904 Marcus Alonzo Hanna (b. 1837 - d. 1904) 15 Feb 1904 - 23 Jun 1904 Henry Clay Payne (acting) (b. 1843 - d. 1904) 23 Jun 1904 - 7 Jan 1907 George Bruce Cortelyou (b. 1862 - d. 1940) 7 Jan 1907 - 8 Jul 1908 Harry Stewart New (b. 1858 - d. 1937) (acting 4 Mar 1907) 8 Jul 1908 - 5 Mar 1909 Frank Harris Hitchcock (b. 1867 - d. 1935) 5 Mar 1909 - 16 Mar 1912 John Fremont Hill (b. 1855 - d. 1912) (acting to 12 Dec 1911) 16 Mar 1912 - 18 Jul 1912 Victor Rosewater (acting) (b. 1871 - d. 1940)18 Jul 1912 - 27 Jun 1916 Charles Dewey Hilles (b. 1867 - d. 1949) 27 Jun 1916 - 13 Feb 1918 William Russell Willcox (b. 1863 - d. 1940)13 Feb 1918 - 8 Jun 1921 William Harrison Hays, Sr. (b. 1879 - d. 1954) 8 Jun 1921 - 2 May 1924 John Taylor Adams (b. 1862 - d. 1939) 2 May 1924 - 24 Jul 1928 William Morgan Butler (b. 1861 - d. 1937) 24 Jul 1928 - 9 Sep 1929 Hubert Work (b. 1860 - d. 1942) 9 Sep 1929 - 7 Aug 1930 Claudius Hart Huston (b. 1876 - d. 1952) 7 Aug 1930 - 17 Jun 1932 Simeon Davison Fess (b. 1861 - d. 1936) 17 Jun 1932 - 5 Jun 1934 James Everett Sanders (b. 1882 - d. 1950) 7 Jun 1934 - 22 Jun 1936 Henry Prather Fletcher (b. 1873 - d. 1959) 22 Jun 1936 - 8 Jul 1940 John Daniel Miller Hamilton (b. 1892 - d. 1973) 8 Jul 1940 - 7 Dec 1942 Joseph William Martin, Jr. (b. 1884 - d. 1968) 7 Dec 1942 - 30 Jun 1944 Harrison Earl Spangler (b. 1879 - d. 1965) 30 Jun 1944 - 1 Apr 1946 Herbert Brownell, Jr. (b. 1904 - d. 1996) 1 Apr 1946 - 27 Jun 1948 Brazilla Carroll Reece (b. 1889 - d. 1961) 27 Jun 1948 - 5 Aug 1949 Hugh Doggett Scott, Jr. (b. 1900 - d. 1994) 5 Aug 1949 - 12 Jul 1952 Guy George Gabrielson (b. 1891 - d. 1976) 12 Jul 1952 - 17 Jan 1953 Arthur Ellsworth Summerfield (b. 1899 - d. 1972) 17 Jan 1953 - 27 Mar 1953 Charles Wesley Roberts (b. 1902 - d. 1975)10 Apr 1953 - 1 Feb 1957 Leonard Wood Hall (b. 1900 - d. 1979) 1 Feb 1957 - 1 Jul 1959 Hugh Meade Alcorn, Jr. (b. 1907 - d. 1992) 1 Jul 1959 - 2 Jun 1961 Thruston Ballard Morton (b. 1907 - d. 1982) 2 Jun 1961 - 15 Jun 1964 William Edward Miller (b. 1914 - d. 1983) 16 Jul 1964 - 1 Apr 1965 Roy Dean Burch (b. 1927 - d. 1991) 1 Apr 1965 - 14 Apr 1969 Ray Charles Bliss (b. 1907 - d. 1981) 14 Apr 1969 - 15 Jan 1971 Rogers Clark Ballard Morton (b. 1914 - d. 1979) 15 Jan 1971 - 19 Jan 1973 Robert "Bob" Joseph Dole (b. 1923 - d. 2021) 19 Jan 1973 - 16 Sep 1974 George Herbert Walker Bush (b. 1924 - d. 2018) 16 Sep 1974 - 14 Jan 1977 Mary Louise Smith (f) (b. 1914 - d. 1997) 14 Jan 1977 - 20 Jan 1981 William "Bill" Emerson Brock III (b. 1930 - d. 2021) 20 Jan 1981 - 28 Jan 1983 Richard "Dick" Richards (b. 1932 - d. 2015)28 Jan 1983 - 18 Jan 1989 Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr. (b. 1939) 28 Jan 1983 - 23 Jan 1987 Paul D. Laxalt (general chairman) (b. 1922 - d. 2018) 18 Jan 1989 - 25 Jan 1991 Harvey LeRoy "Lee" Atwater (b. 1951 - d. 1991) 25 Jan 1991 - 1 Feb 1992 Clayton "Clay" Keith Yeutter (b. 1930 - d. 2017) 1 Feb 1992 - 29 Jan 1993 Richard Norman Bond (b. 1950) 29 Jan 1993 - 17 Jan 1997 Haley Reeves Barbour (b. 1947) 17 Jan 1997 - 18 Jan 2001 Robert James "Jim" Nicholson (b. 1938) 18 Jan 2001 - 5 Dec 2001 James "Jim" Stuart Gilmore III (b. 1949) 5 Dec 2001 - 25 Jul 2003 Marc Racicot (b. 1948) 25 Jul 2003 - 19 Jan 2005 Edward "Ed" W. Gillespie (b. 1962) 19 Jan 2005 - 19 Jan 2007 Kenneth "Ken" B. Mehlman (b. 1967) 19 Jan 2007 - 30 Jan 2009 Robert Michael "Mike" Duncan (b. 1951) 19 Jan 2007 - 19 Oct 2007 Mel Martinez (general chairman) (b. 1946) 30 Jan 2009 - 14 Jan 2011 Michael Stephen Steele (b. 1958) 14 Jan 2011 - 19 Jan 2017 Reinhold R. "Reince" Priebus (b. 1972) 19 Jan 2017 - 8 Mar 2024 Ronna Romney McDaniel (f) (b. 1973) 28 Jan 2023 - 8 Mar 2024 Martin "Drew" McKissick (co-chair) (b. 1968) 8 Mar 2024 - Michael Whatley (b. 1968) 8 Mar 2024 - Lara Lea Trump (f) (co-chair) (b. 1982)