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![[Ottoman
flag (to 1911)]](tr.gif "[Ottoman
flag (to 1911)]")
![[Kingdom of Italy flag
1861-1946]](it-1897m.gif "[Kingdom of Italy
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![[Libyan
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1951-1969]")
![[Libya
1969-1972]](arablib.gif "[Libya
1969-1972]")
![[Flag of
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1972-1977]](ly-72.gif "[Flag of Libya
(Federation of Arab Republics)
1972-1977]")
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People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyya
flag 1977-2011]](ly_1977.gif "[Great Socialist People's
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1977-2011]")
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![[Tripoli
Regency Karamanli dynasty Flag of war on
land and at sea, c.1727-1835 (Libya)]](ly-kar13.gif "[Tripoli Regency Karamanli dynasty
Flag of war on land and at sea, c.1727-1835
(Libya)]")
![[Tripolitania
1911-1913 (Libya)]](om-old.gif "[Tripolitania
1911-1913 (Libya)]")
![[Tripolitanian
Republic flag (reconstruction) 1918-1923
(Libya)]](lib_19.gif "Tripolitanian Republic flag
(reconstruction) 1918-1923 (Libya)]")
![[Flag of the United
Kingdom]](gb.gif "[Flag of the United
Kingdom]")
| Map
of
Tripolitania |
Capital: Tripoli (Republic: 'Aziziya 1918-1922) |
Currency: British Military Authority Lira (MAL) (15 Sep 1943-24 Jun 1952); British Military Authority Pound (1943-30 Nov 1943) |
Population: 3,601,853 (2006) 746,100 (1954) 523,200 (1911) |
26 Mar 909 -
977
Incorporated into Egypt.
977
Part of Zirid kingdom.
17/18 Jun 1146-22 Jan 1160 Tripoli under Norman
rule (subordinated to Kingdom of Sicily).
1160 -
1248
Incorporated into Morocco (Almohad Empire).
1172 -
1190
Egyptian rule.
.... -
1202
Egyptian rule.
1248 -
1327
Incorporated into Tunis.
1327
Sultanate
1401 -
1482
Incorporated into Tunis.
1412 -
1421
Egyptian rule.
24 Jul 1510 - 25 Jul 1530 Spanish
occupation of Trípoli (subordinated to Kingdom of
Naples/
Sicily).
24 Mar 1530
City of Tripoli, and the islands of Malta and Gozo, are
ceded as a
perpetual fief by the King of Two Sicilies to the Order
of the
Knights of Saint John
Hospitaller of Jerusalem and Rhodes (Latin:
Ordo
Sacrae Domus Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani)
in
accordance with a deed signed in Castelfranco (the
Knights take
possession on 25 Jul 1530).
14 Aug
1551
Province of the Ottoman Empire
as Eyalet of Tripolitania
(Eyālet-i Trâblus Gârb)(literally
"Tripoli in the West").
af.1565
Administrative authority in Tripoli was vested in a
pasha directly
appointed by the Ottoman Sultan.
29 Jul 1711 - 26 May 1835 Tripoli Regency under de
facto hereditary Qaramanli (Karamanli)
dynasty.
26 May
1835
Direct Ottoman rule over Tripolitania.
1864
Vilayet of Tripolitania (Vilâyet-i
Trâblus Gârb).
5 Oct
1911
Italian occupation of Tripoli.
Oct 1911 - Mar 1913
Independent
government declared (in rebellion against
Ottoman sovereignty).
5 Nov
1911
Italy declares
Tripolitania and all Libya to be under an Italian
protectorate.
18 Oct
1912
By the Treaty of Ouchy (first Treaty of Lausanne) the
Ottomans
agree to evacuate from Trablus and Benghazi vilayets
(in exchange
Italy
was to return the Dodecanese Islands), and Trablus and
Benghazi
sanjak were to have local autonomy with an
Ottoman
regent (naib)
and a judge (kadi) to represent
the Ottoman
Sultan as Caliph (treaty not fully effected).
16 Nov
1918
Tripolitanian Republic (al-Jumhuriyat at-Trabulsiya).
12 Nov
1922
Annexed to Italy (Italian Tripoli colony [Tripolitania
Italiana])
(nominally from 18 May 1919).
24 Jul
1923
Turkey renounced its privileges in Libya which were
defined in
the Treaty of Ouchy by the
Treaty of Lausanne (ratified by Turkey
23 Aug 1923 and Italy 12 Mar 1924).
18 Dec
1928
Cyrenaica administratively
joined to Tripolitania.
1 Jan
1934
Tripolitania united with Cyrenaica and Fezzan united
as Italian
Libya (Libia Italiana)(see below).
23 Oct
1942
British administration (Tripolitania District).
23 Jan 1943
British forces occupy Tripoli (in Benghazi
from 20 Nov 1942,
and Sirte from 25 Dec 1942).
15 Feb 1947
Italy formally cedes Libya to the Allies by Treaty
of Paris
(entered into force 17 Sep 1947).
10 Dec 1949
Under United Nations
administration (but not a trusteeship),
administered by U.K.
24 Dec
1951
Incorporated into Libya, with autonomy.
27 Apr 1963
Autonomy ended (federal arrangement
abolished) by Libya.
Norman governor
1146 - 22 Jan 1160
Abu Yahya ibn Matruh al-Tamimi
(continues to 1172 under Almohad rule)
Spanish governors of Trípoli
26 Jul 1510 -
1510
Pedro de Navarro -Commander
(b. c.1460 - d. 1528)
1510
Diego de Vera
1510 -
1511
Jayme de Requesens
1511 -
1520
Guillem de Moncada
152. - 25 Jul
1530
François Velasquès
Governors of the Knights of Malta
1530 -
1531
Fra Gaspare de Sanguessa
1531 -
1532
Bernardino Macado (acting)
1532 -
1533
Aurelio Bottigella (1st time) (b.
1480 - d. 1550)
1533 -
1535
García Cortés
1535 -
1537
George (Giorgio) Schiling
1537 - 1539
Aurelio Bottigella (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1539 - 1544
Hernando de Bracamonte
1544 - 1546
Cristofano de Solís Farfan
1546 -
1549
Jean de Valetta, seigneur de (b.
1494 - d. 1568)
Parisot
1549 - 1551
Pedro Nuñez de Herrera
Apr 1551 - 14 Aug 1551
Gaspare de Vallies
Ottoman Beylerbeyleri
15 Aug 1551 - 1556
Murad Agha
1556 - 23 Jun
1565 Turgut
(Dragut) Reis
(b. 1485 - d. 1565)
17 Jun 1565 - 27 Jun 1568 Kılıç
Ali Paşa (= Uluç
Reis) (b. c.1496 -
d. 1587)
(Giovanni Dionigi Galeni)
27 Jun 1568 - 28 Mar 1571 Yahya Pasha
28 Mar 1571 -
1572
Cafer Pasha
1572 - 1574
Mustafa Pasha
1574 - 5 Jul
1577 Haydar
Pasha (1st time)
5 Jul 1577 - 1578
Hasan Pasha
1578 -
1584
Haydar Pasha (2nd time)
1584 - 1585
Sakizli
Mehmed Pasha (1st time)
1585 -
1589
Ramazan Pasha
1589
Sakizli Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)
1589 - Oct 1590
Istanköylü Ahmed Pasha
Oct 1590 - 1595
Sakizli Mehmed Pasha (3rd time)
1595 - Dec 1603
Memi Mehmed Pasha
Dec 1603 - 1614
Safer Dey
1614 - 1626
Sherif Pasha
1626
Ramazan Dey
1626 - Jan 1631
Sakizli
Mehmed Pasha
Jan 1631 -
29 Apr 1672 Sakizli Osman Pasha
29 Apr 1672 - Jul
1672 Osman Reis as-Suhali
Jul 1672 - May
1675 Bali
Çavush
18 May 1675 - Jan 1677
Misirliohlu Ibrahim
Pasha
Jan 1677
Inebolulu Ibrahim
Çelebi
Jan 1677 - Apr 1677
Istanköylü Büyük Mustafa
Apr 1677 - 1678
Baba Osman
1678 - 1682
Ak Mehmed Timur
1682 - 21 Jun
1682
Abaza Hüseyin
21 Jun 1682 - 1683
Cezayirli Abdullah
1683
Terzi Ibrahim
1693 - Oct
1687
Halil Pasha
Oct 1687 -
1689
Mehmed Pasha (1st time)
1689 - 3 Feb 1695
Bosnak Ismail Pasha
3 Feb 1695 - 1 Aug 1701 Destari
Mehmed Pasha (2nd time)
1 Aug 1700 - 20 Nov 1700 Turgutlulu
Kahveci Osman (b. 1660
- d. ....)
20 Nov 1700 - Dec 1702 Gelibolulu
Haci Mustafa
Dec 1702 - 23 Nov 1710
Halil Pasha
23 Nov 1710 - 20 Jan 1711 Ismail
Hoça
20 Jan 1711 - 4 Jul 1711
Mehmed Hüseyin
Çavush
(d. 1711)
4 Jul 1711 - 29 Jul 1711
Abu Umays Mahmud
Sultans
29 Jul 1711 - 2
Nov 1745 Ahmad I
Pasha
(b. c.1686 - d. 1745)
(Sidi Hamid Qaramanli Quluglu)
2 Nov 1745 - 24 Jul
1754 Mehmed
Pasha
(d. 1754)
24 Jul 1754 - 30 Jul 1793 Ali I
Pasha
(d. 1796)
30 Jul 1793 - Nov 1794
Seydi Ali (II) Pasha al-Tarabulsi
(= Ali Cezayirli) (usurper)
Nov 1794 - 24 Jan 1796
Ahmad II Bey
24 Jan 1796 - 5 Aug 1832
Yusuf
Pasha
(b. 1766 - d. 1838)
1817
Mehmed (1st time) (in rebellion)
1824
Mehmed ibn Ali (1st time)
(d. 1835)
(in rebellion)
1826
Mehmed (2nd time)(in rebellion)
Jul
1832
Mehmed (3rd time)(in rebellion)
1835
Mehmed ibn Ali (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(in rebellion)
5 Aug 1832 - 26 May 1835 Ali II Pasha
Walis (governors)
(in exile from 1913)
26 May 1835 - 7 Sep 1835
Mustafa Negib Pasha
7 Sep 1835 - 6 May
1837 Mahmud Raif Pasha
6 May 1837 - 5 Sep
1838 Çeshmeli Hasan Pasha
5 Sep 1838 - 15 Jul 1842 Ali
Asker Pasha
(d. 1868)
15 Jul 1842 - 22 Apr 1847 Mehmed
Emin Pasha
22 Apr 1847 - 13 Sep 1849 Ragib
Pasha
13 Sep 1849 - 16 Sep 1852 Ahmed
Izzet Pasha (1st time)
(b. 1789 - d. 1876)
16 Sep 1852 - 1 Nov 1855
Mustafa Nuri Pasha
(b. 1798 - d. 1879)
1 Nov 1855 - 1 Oct
1857 Osman Pasha
1 Oct 1857 - 4 Aug
1860 Ahmed Izzet Pasha (2nd time)
(s.a.)
4 Aug 1860 - 18 Jun 1867 Mahmud Nedim
Pasha
(b. 1818 - d. 1883)
Jun 1867 - Jul
1867 Hassan
Pasha (acting)
Jul 1867 - May
1870 Cezayrli
Ali Reza Pasha (1st time) (d. 1876)
May 1870 - Jun
1870 Mustafa
Pasha (acting)
Jan 1870 - Sep
1871 Mehmed
Halet Pasha
Sep 1871 - Apr
1872
Bostancibahizade Mehmed Rashid
Pasha
Apr 1872 - 6 Jun 1873 Cezayrli
Ali Reza Pasha (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Jun 1873 - Nov 1874
Hasan Samih Pasha
Nov 1874 - Feb
1875 Mustafa
Asim Pasha (2nd time)
Feb 1875 - Aug
1877 Mustafa
Sidki Pasha
1877
Mehmed Çelaleddin Pasha
Dec 1877 - Feb 1878
Söylemezoglu Ali
Kemali
(b. 1819 - d. 1898)
Feb 1878 - Jul
1879 Mehmed
Sabri
Pasha
(d. 1879)
Jul 1879 - May
1880 Ahmed
Izzet Pasha (2nd time)
May 1880 - Oct
1881 Mehmed
Nazif Pasha
Oct 1881 - Jun
1896 Ahmed
Rasim Pasha
(b. 1825 - d. 1897)
Jun 1896 - Mar
1899 Nemik Bey
Mar 1899 - Jul
1900 Haçim Bey
Jul 1900 - Dec
1903 Hafiz
Mehmed Pasha
Dec 1903 - May
1904 Hasan
Husni Pasha (Hüseyin Effendi)
May 1904 - Aug
1904
Abderrahman Bey (acting)
Aug 1904 - Aug
1908 Reçeb
Pasha
(b. 1842 - d. 1908)
Dec 1908 - Aug
1909 Ahmed
Favzi Pasha
(b. 1859 - d. 1914)
Aug 1909 - Aug
1910 Hüseyin
Husni Pasha
(b. 1856 - d. 1926)
Aug 1910 - 1911
Ibrahim Pasha (acting)
(b. 18.. - d. 1915)
1911
Bekir Samih Bey (didn't take office)
1911 - 5 Oct
1911
Besim Bey (acting)
1911 - 15 Jan 1913
Neshet Bey
1913 - 1915
....
1915 -
1917
Osman Bey
1917 - Jan
1918
Nuri Bey
1918
Ishaq Pasha
17 May 1918 - 16 Nov 1918 Osman Fuad Pasha
(b. 1895 - d. 1973)
Ruler (in dissidence)
Oct 1911 - 23 Mar 1913
Sulayman ibn Abdullah al-Baruni (b.
1872 - d. 1940)
Governor-general of Tripolitania (in
Misurata)
25 Sep 1916 - 16 Nov 1918 Sulayman ibn Abdullah
al-Baruni (s.a.)
(Ottoman governor-general of Tripoli, Tunis and
Algiers)
Chairman of the Council of the Republic (in
'Aziziya)
16 Nov 1918 - Nov 1920 Ahmad
Tahir al-Murayyid
Chairman of the Central Reform Board (in
'Aziziya)
Nov 1920 - 1923
Ahmad Tahir al-Murayyid
Italian Commanders of the
Expeditionary Corps
5 Oct 1911 - 13 Oct 1911
Raffaele Borea Ricci d'Olmo
(b. 1857 - d. 1942)
13 Oct 1911 - 28 Aug 1912 Carlo
Francesco Giovanni Battista (b. 1845 - d. 1922)
Caneva
28 Aug 1912 - 31 May 1913
Ottavio Ragni
(b.
1852 - d. 1919)
Governors of Tripolitania
1 Jun 1913 - 1 Oct
1914 Vincenzo Garioni (1st
time) (b. 1856
- d. 1929)
1 Oct 1914 – 16 Nov 1914
Giorgio Cigliana
(b. 1857 – d. 1919)
16 Nov 1914 - 5 Feb 1915 Luigi
Druetti
(b. 1853 - d. c.1919)
9 Feb 1915 - 15 Jul 1915
Giulio Cesare Tassoni
(b. 1859 - d. 1942)
15 Jul 1915 - 1 Aug 1918
Giovanni Battista Ameglio
(b.
1854 - d. 1921)
2 Aug 1918 - 16 Aug 1919
Vincenzo Garioni (2nd
time) (s.a.)
16 Aug 1919 - 10 Jul 1920
Vittorio Menzinger
(b. 1861 - d. 1925)
11 Jul 1920 – 31 Jul 1920 Ugo
Niccoli
(acting)
(b. 1868 - d. 19..)
1 Aug 1920 - 16 Jul 1921 Luigi
Mercatelli
(b. 1853 - d. 1922)
17 Jul 1921 – 24 Aug 1921
Eduardo Baccari (acting)
(b. 1871 - d. 1952)
24 Aug 1921 - 2 Jul 1925 Giuseppe
Volpi conte di Misurata (b. 1877 - d. 1947)
3 Jul 1925 - 18 Dec 1928
Emilio De
Bono
(b. 1866 - d. 1944)
Governor of Tripolitania and of
Cirenaica
18 Dec 1928 - 31 Dec
1933 Pietro
Badoglio
(b. 1871 - d. 1956)
Deputy Chief Civil Affairs Officer
15 Dec 1942 - 23 Jan 1943 Maurice Stanley
Lush
(b. 1896 - d. 1990)
Commander, Headquarters Tripolitania Base and Lines of
Communication
3 Mar 1943 - 16 Jul 1943 Brian Hubert
Robertson (b.
1896 - d. 1974)
District Officer Commanding Tripolitania District
(from 14 Dec 1943, Tripolitania
Area)
16 Jul 1943 - 2 Feb 1944
Norman Clowes
(b. 1893 - d. 1980)
Chief Administrator, Tripolitania
23 Jan 1943 - Apr 1949 Travers
Robert
Blackley
(b. 1899 - d. 1982)
British Resident for Tripolitania
Apr 1949 - 24 Dec 1951
Travers Robert
Blackley
(s.a.)
Governors (Wali)
Dec 1951 - 14 May 1953 Fadil
Ben Zikry (1st time)
14 May 1953 - 3 Dec 1954 Al-Siddiq
al-Muntasir
(b. 1912 - d. 1979)
1954 -
1955
Abdul Salam al-Busayri
1955 - 1957
Muhammad Jamal Pasha Agha
1957 -
1960
Tahir Bakir
1960 - 13 Jun 1961 Abu Bakr
Na'ama
13 Jun 1961 - 27 Apr 1963 Fadil Ben Zikry
(2nd time)
Chief Civil Affairs Officers,
British Military Administration Tripolitania
15 Dec 1942 - 26 Jan 1943 Maurice Stanley
Lush
(b. 1896 - d. 1990)
26 Jan 1943 - 1943
Travers Robert
Blackley
(s.a.)
Presidents of the Executive Council
Mar 1951 - Dec
1951 Mahmud El
Muntasser (al-Muntasir) (b. 1903 - d. 1970)
1952? - 19 Jan 1954
Ali al-Dib (1st time)
3 Aug 1954 - 1954 Mohieddin
Fikini
(b. 1925 - d. 1994)
1954 -
1958
Mahmud al-Bishti
1958 -
1961
Ahmad Own Suf
1961 - 27 Apr
1963 Ali
al-Dib (2nd time)
Cyrenaica
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![[Sanusiya
(Senussi) Order flag, Cyrenaica (Libya)
c.1843-1929]](ly-cyr.gif "[Sanusiya (Senussi) Order
flag, Cyrenaica (Libya) c.1843-1929]")
| Map
of
Cyrenaica |
Capital: Benghazi (Bengasi 1912-1935; Barce 1943-1944) |
Currency: Egyptian Pound (EGP) (1942-25 Apr 1952) |
Population: 1,613,749 (2006) 391,300 (1954) 190,600 (1911) |
1521
Cyrenaica part of the Ottoman
Empire (subordinate to Tripoli).
1578
Turks invade Benghazi rule it from Tripoli.
26 May 1835
Ottoman
direct rule over Tripoli (and
Cyrenaica).
1835
Sanjak of Benghazi (Bingazi Sancağı) independent
within the Elayet
of Tripolitania (Eyālet-i
Trâblus Gârb).
1843
Leader of the Sanusiya (Senussi) Order (a Sufi
order founded in
Mecca in 1837) settles in Cyrenaica, near Sidi Rafaa'
(Bayda)
and founds the Zawiya Bayda (White Monastery).
1855
Sanusiya
(Senussi) Order moves farther south to Jaghbub
(Giarabub)
oasis
then in Egypt (from 6 Dec 1925, it is part of Libya).
1871 -
1873
Vilayet of Benghazi (Vilâyet-i Bingazi).
1875 - 1879
Sanjak of Benghazi (Bingazi Sancağı),
separated from Tripoli,
directly dependent on Constantinople.
Feb 1879 - Apr
1888 Wilayah
Benghazi (within Tripolitania).
Apr 1888
Mutasarrıfiyya Benghazi
(within Tripolitania).
10 Oct 1911
Italians occupy Tobruk;
Derna 18 Oct 1911 and Benghazi 20 Oct 1911.
5 Nov
1911
Italy declares Cyrenaica (Cirenaica)
under Italian protectorate.
18 Oct
1912
Ottomans agree to evacuate Libya in Treaty of
Lausanne.
Apr
1917
U.K. and Italy conclude an agreement with the Sanusiya
(Senussi).
17 May
1919
Italian Cyrenaica
colony (Cirenaica).
25 Oct
1920
Italian government recognizes the Sanusiya
(Sensussi) Order as
administering southeastern Cyrenaica
[Ajdabiyah (Agedabia),
Awjilah (Augila) and Kufra (Cufra)].
6 Dec 1925
Egypt cedes Kufra and
Jaghbub to Italian Libya.
18 Dec
1928
Cyrenaica
joined administratively to Tripolitania.
1929
Italy de-recognizes governing authority of the Order.
20 Jan
1931
Italy occupies the Kufra district.
1 Jan
1934
Cirenaica (Cyrenaica) merged
with Tripolitania and Fezzan
as
Italian Libya (Libia Italiana)(see below).
20 Jul
1934
Ma'tan as-Sarra ceded to Italian Libya as part of the
Sarra Triangle
by
the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
Dec 1940 - Mar
1941 British
forces occupy Bardia (5 Jan 1941), Tobruk (22 Jan
1941),
Derna (Feb 1941), El Agheila and Benghazi (Feb 1941).
Feb
1941
British administration (Cyrenaica District).
Mar 1941 - Nov
1941 Axis
forces retake El Agheila (24 Mar 1941), Benghazi (3
Apr),
Derna (Apr 1941), and Tobruk 30 (Apr 1941).
2 Mar
1941
Free French forces under Leclerc occupy the Kufra oasis.
18 Nov 1941 - 31 Dec 1941 British forces retake
Benghazi (24 Dec 1941), Derna (Dec 1941),
Tobruk (4 Dec 1941) and Gazala (15 Dec 1941).
21 Jan 1942 - 7 Jul 1942 Axis forces
retake Benghazi (29 Jan 1942), Derna (Dec 1941),
Tobruk (21 Jun 1942), and Bardia (June 1942).
11 Nov
1942
British forces re-occupy Bardia, Tobruk (on 13 Nov
1942), Derna
(on
15 Nov 1942) and Benghazi (20 Nov 1942). Divided into
three
districts: Benghazi in west, el Jebel in center, and
Derna in
the east.
Oct
1946
Sanusi emir recognized by the U.K. (as administering the
territory
for the United Nations).
15 Feb 1947
Italy formally cedes Libya to the Allies by Treaty of
Paris
(entered into force 17 Sep 1947).
1 Mar
1949
Independence proclaimed (Emirate of Cyrenaica).
1 Jun
1949 Independence
recognized by U.K.
10 Dec 1949
Under United Nations administration (but not a
trusteeship),
administered by U.K.
24 Dec
1951
Incorporated into Libya.
27 Apr 1963
Autonomy ended (federal arrangement
abolished) by Libya.
6 Mar 2012
Cyrenaica
transitional council formed by
the Transitional National
Council (not recognized by Tripoli
government).
1 Jun 2013
Cyrenaica
declares autonomy (not recognized by
Tripoli government).
Walis of Benghazi
Oct 1871 - Mar 1873
Abdullah Musib Pasha
(b. 1814 - d. 1882)
Feb 1879 - Jun 1882 Ali
Kemali
Pasha
(b. 1819 - d. 1897)
Jun 1882 - Jul 1885 Rashid
äsha
Jul 1885 - Jul
1887 Ferik
(Frank) Kazim Musa Pasha
Jul 1887 - Apr 1888 Hasan
Tahsin Pasha
(d. 1889)
Mutasarrıfs of Benghazi
1893 - 1904
Tahir Pasha
c.1904
Zühdî Pasha
c.1906
Hilmi Pasha
19..
Djevdet Bey
1911
Murat Fuat Bey
Sanusiya (Sensussi) Sheikhs
1843 - 7 Sep
1859
Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi (b. 1787 - d.
1859)
7 Sep 1859 - 2 Jun 1902 Sayyid
Muhammad ibn
Sayyid
(b. 1844 - d. 1902)
Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Sanusi
2 Jun 1902 - 21 Aug 1918 Sayyid Ahmad ibn
Sayyid Muhammad (b. 1873 - d. 1933)
ash-Sharif al-Sanusi
21 Aug 1918 - 25 Oct 1920 Muhammad Idris
al-Mahdi al-Sanusi (b. 1890 - d. 1983)
Sanusiya (Sensussi)
Emir
25 Oct 1920 -
1929
Muhammad Idris al-Mahdi al-Sanusi (s.a.)
(1st time)(in Egypt exile from 1923)
1923 -
1928
Sayyid Muhammad ar-Rida (acting) (b. 1890 -
d. 1955)
1928 -
1929
Umar Mukhtar
(acting)
(b. 1858 - d. 1931)
Italian Commandant of the Corps
of Occupation in Cirenaica
2 Sep 1912 - 9
Jan 1913 Ottavio Briccola
(b. 1853 -
d. 1924)
Governors of
Cirenaica
9 Jan 1913 - 6 Nov 1913
Ottavio Briccola
(s.a.)
6 Nov 1913 - 8 Aug 1918 Giovanni
Battista
Ameglio
(b. 1854 - d. 1921)
(acting
from 15 Jul 1915)
8 Aug 1918 - 1 Jul 1919
Vincenzo Garioni (acting)
(b.
1856 - d. 1929)
1 Jul 1919 - 23 Nov 1921 Giacomo De
Martino
(b. 1849 - d. 1921)
(from 30 Dec 1920, Giacomo, conte De
Martino)
23 Nov 1921 - 30 Sep 1922 Luigi Pintor
(acting)
(b. 1882 - d. 1925)
1 Oct 1922 - 1 Dec
1922 Eduardo Baccari
(b. 1871 - d.
1952)
1 Dec 1922 - 6 Jun 1923
Oreste De Gaspari (acting)
(b. 1864 - d. 1933)
6 Jun 1923 - 24 May 1924 Luigi Bongiovanni
(b. 1866 - d. 1941)
24 May 1924 - 22 Nov 1926
Ernesto Mombelli
(b. 1867 - d. 1932)
23 Nov 1926 - 18 Dec 1928 Attilio
Teruzzi
(b. 1882 - d. 1950)
Governor of Tripolitania
and of Cirenaica
18 Dec 1928 - 21 Jan 1929 Pietro
Badoglio
(b. 1871 - d. 1956)
Vice-governors (subordinated to
governors of Tripolitania)
21 Jan 1929 - 15 Mar 1930
Domenico, conte Siciliani
(b.
1879 - d. 1938)
15 Mar 1930 - 31 May 1934
Rodolfo Graziani
(b. 1882 - d. 1955)
1 Jun 1934 - 1 Jul 1935
Guglielmo Nasi (acting)
(b. 1879 - d. 1971)
British Military Governors and General Officers Commanding-in-chief,
Cyrenaica
22 Jan 1941 - 4 Feb 1941
Richard Nugent
O'Connor
(b. 1889 - d. 1981)
4 Feb 1941 - 27 Feb 1941 Sir Henry Maitland
Wilson
(b. 1881 - d. 1964)
28 Feb 1941 - 7 Apr 1941 Philip
Neame
(b. 1888 - d. 1978)
(Italian
prisoner 7 Apr 1941 - 1943)
8 Apr 1941 - 14 Apr 1941 Sir John Dudley
Lavarack (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1957)
14 Apr 1941 - 22 Oct 1941 Leslie
Morshead
(b. 1889 - d. 1959)
22 Oct 1941 - 13 Dec 1941 Ronald Mackenzie
Scobie
(b. 1883 - d. 1969)
13 Dec 1941 - 14 May 1942 Isaac Pierre de
Villiers
(b. 1891 - d. 1967)
14 May 1942 - 21 Jun 1942 Hendrik Balzazar
Klopper
(b. 1903 - d. 1977)
21 Jun 1942 - 13 Nov 1942 Axis re-occupation
13 Nov 1942 - 15 Feb 1943
Bernard Law
Montgomery
(b. 1887 - d. 1976)
(general officer commanding-in-chief
8th Army)
District Officers
Commanding Cyrenaica District (from 15 Dec 1943, Cyrenaica
Area)
(in
Benghazi to Mar 1943, then Barce)
15 Feb 1943 -
1943
Angus Lyell
Collier
(b. 1893 - d. 1971)
1943
Anthony
Sillery
(b. 1903 - d. 1976)
19 Dec 1943 - 1944
Henry Ronald Hall
(b. 1895 - d. 1984)
Chief Administrators, Cyrenaica (Benghazi)
10 Mar 1943 - 30 Oct 1945 Duncan
Cameron
Cumming
(b. 1903 - d. 1979)
30 Oct 1945 - Jun
1946 Peter Bevil Edward
Acland
(b. 1902 - d. 1993)
Jun 1946 -
1948
James William Norris
Haugh
(b. 1894 - d. 1969)
1948
Arthur Stanley Parker (acting)
1948 - 17 Sep
1949
Eric Armar Vully de
Candole (b.
1901 - d. 1989)
British Resident in
Cyrenaica
17 Sep 1949 - 24 Dec 1951 Eric Armar Vully
de Candole
(s.a.)
Emir
Oct 1946 - 24 Dec 1951
Muhammad Idris al-Mahdi al-Sanusi (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Governors (Wali)
24 Dec 1951 - May 1952
Muhammad Sakizli (1st time)
(b. 1892 - d. 1976)
May 1952 - 15 Oct 1961 Hussein
Maziq
(b. 1918 - d. 2006)
(suspended 2 Oct 1954 - Oct 1954)
Oct 1961 - c.Dec 1962 Mahmud
Abu Hidma (Buhdmat)
c.Dec 1962 - 27 Apr 1963 Muhammad
Sakizli (1st time)
(s.a.)
Heads of the Cyrenaica
Transitional Council (from Oct 2013, Council of Cyrenaica
in Libya)
5 Mar 2012 - 201.
Ahmed Mindas bin Sayyid al-Zubayr (b.
1934)
al-Sanusi (not
recognized by Tripoli government)
24 Oct 2013 - 2017
Ibrahim al-Jadhran
(b. 1981)
(head of Political Bureau of Cyrenaica [renamed
Council of Cyrenaica in Libya]; in rebellion in Ra's
Lanuf)
Military Governor
Jun 2016 - 20..
Abdul Razzaq
al-Nazhuri
Mil
(appointed by House of Representatives)
Chief Political Officers, Cyrenaica
1941 -
1942
Stephen Hemsley
Longrigg
(b. 1893 - d. 1979)
21 Dec 1942 - 10 Mar 1943 Duncan
Cameron
Cumming
(s.a.)
Prime ministers
9 Nov 1949 - 18 Mar
1950 Omar Mansur
Kikhia
(b.
1880 - d. 1962)
(designated 5 Jul 1949)
18 Mar 1950 - 24 Dec 1951 Muhammad Sakizli
(s.a.)
Presidents of the Executive Council
1952 -
1962
Wanis al-Qadhdhafi (Qaddafi)
(b. 1924 - d. 1986)
1962 - 27 Apr
1963
Hamid Abbar
Head of the Government
3 Nov 2013 - 201.
Abd-Rabbo al-Barassi
(in rebellion against Transitional Council,
in
Ajdabiya; appointed by al-Jadhran)
Fezzan
|
|
|
![[French flag]](fr.gif "[French flag]")
| Map
of Fezzan |
Capital
Sabha 1943-1951 (Sebha 1930-1943; Murzuk c.1566-1912) |
Currency: Algerian Franc (DZF) (1943-12 Apr 1952) |
Population:
442,090 (2006) 59,315 (1954) 50,679 (1939) |
918
Sultanate of Fezzan (Fizzan) founded.
1190 -
12..
Annexed by Egypt.
1212
Annexed by Borno (Kanem).
13..
Independence recovered.
1580 -
1582
Incorporated into Ottoman
Empire.
1612 -
1614
Incorporated into Ottoman Empire.
1623 -
1626
Incorporated into Ottoman Empire.
1689 -
1690
Incorporated into Ottoman Empire.
1843
Incorporated into Ottoman Empire (Fizan [Fezzan]
Sanjak).
1909 -
1914
Sanusiya (Senussi) rule.
5 Nov
1911
Italy declares Fezzan (Fezzàn) under
Italian sovereignty.
15 Oct
1912
Annexed by Italy, but local resistance continues to
c.1927.
3 Mar 1914 - Jan
1915 Italian occupation.
1915 -
1923
Sanusiya (Senussi) rule (restored).
1923 - 1927
Anarchy, ruled by Arab nomads.
14 Dec
1929
Italians occupy Sabha (Sebha) (al-Biraq [Barach] 5 Dec
1929, Um
Al-Aranib [Umm el Araneb] 8 Jan 1930, and Murzuk
[Murzuch] on
21 Jan
1930).
1930
Military Territory of South Tripolitania (part of Tripolitania)
(Territorio Militare del Sud Tripolitano).
1 Jan
1934
Fezzan (Fezzàn) united with Tripolitania and Cyrenaica
as Italian
Libya (Libia Italiana)(see below).
3 Dec 1934
Southern Military Territory (Territorio
Militare del Sud), separate
administration within Libya.
12 Jan 1943
Fezzan occupied
by Free French, forces enter Sebha (in Murzuk
from 13 Jan 1943 and Ghat on 23 Jan 1943).
11 Apr 1943
Military
Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames,
under French administration
(Territoire Militaire du
Fezzan-Ghadamès).
15 Feb 1947
Italy formally cedes Libya to the Allies by Treaty
of Paris (entered into force 17 Sep 1947).
1948 - 24 Dec 1951
Ghadamis
is administratively
attached
to
Tunisia and Ghat to Algeria
by the French administration.
10 Dec 1949
Fezzan
under United Nations administration (but not a
trusteeship),
administered by France.
24 Dec
1951
Incorporated into Libya, with autonomy.
27 Apr 1963
Autonomy ended (federal arrangement
abolished) by Libya.
26 Sep 2013
Fezzan declares autonomy (not recognized
by the Tripoli or Benghazi
based
governments).
Ottoman Governor
1577 -
1582
Mahmud Bey (Mami)
Sultans
c.1566 - 15..
Muhammad al-Fasi
15.. -
1580
al-Mustansir ibn Muhammad
1580 -
1599
an-Nasr
1599 -
1612
al-Mansur
1612 -
1614
Husayn
al-Na'cal
(d. 1614)
(Tripolitan governor)
1614 -
1623
Tahir I
1623 -
1626
Ahmad bin Huwaydi -Tripolitan governor
1626 -
1658
Muhammad I
1658 -
1682
Nagib
1682 -
1689
Muhammad II an-Nasr (1st time)
1689
Muhammad al-Mukni -Tripolitan governor
1689
Temmam
1689 -
1690
Muhammad III
1690
Ali al-Mukni -Tripolitan governor
1690 -
1709/18
Muhammad II an-Nasr (2nd time)
1709/18 -
1767
Ahmad I
1767 -
1776
Tahir II
1776 -
1780
Ahmad II al-Munsur
1789 -
1804
Sharif Muhammad V ibn al-Mansur (d. 1804)
al-Hakim
1804 -
1811
Sharif Muhammad VI ibn al-Mansur
1811 -
1831
Yusuf al-Mukkani (usurper)
1831 -
1842
Sayf an-Nasr `Abd al-Jalil ibn Rad (d. 1842)
1835 -
1842
Jumah ibn Khalifa (1st
time) (d. 1856)
(in rebellion)
1854 -
1856
Jumah ibn Khalifa (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(in rebellion)
Walis (governors)
1842 -
1846
Bekir Pasha
1846 -
1855
Hassan Pasha al-Bal`azi
1855 - 1858
....
1858 - 1859
Ahmed Izzet Pasha
1859 -
1865
Halim Pasha (1st time)
1865
Hamid Bey (acting)
1865 -
1870
Halim Pasha (2nd time)
c.1872
Abdul Halim Pasha
c.1876
Ali Bey
1879 –
1885
Mustafa Faik Pasha (2nd time)
1885 – 1888
Yahya Nüzhet Bey
1888 – 18..
Mansur Pasha
1891? - ....
Mustafa Faik Pasha (1st time)
1900 -
c.1906
Mahmud Bey
c.1906 -
1909
Samih Bey
Sanusi Governors
1909 - 15 Oct
1912
Sayyid Muhammad al-Abid (1st time)
3 Mar 1914 - Jan
1915 Italian occupation
1915 -
1923
Sayyid Muhammad al-Abid (2nd time)
Italian Commanding Officer Southern Libyan
Territories
(from 1930, Military Territory of South Tripolitania)
1927 -
1931
Ugo Gigliarelli Fiumi
(b. 1880 - d. 1944)
Commanding officer in Sebha
1930 - 1935
Luigi Amato
Italian Commander of the Southern Military Territories
1935 - 31 Dec 1939 Francesco
Moccia
Italian Commander of the Libyan Sahara Territories
1 Jan 1940 - 4 Nov 1940 Michele Leo
Italian Military Commanders of the Libyan Sahara
3 Mar 1941 - 24 Oct 1942 Conte Umberto
Piatti dal Pozzo (b. 1887 - d. 1975)
24 Oct 1942 - 12 Jan 1943 Alberto Mannerini
(b. 1891 - d. 1962)
French Military Governors
12 Jan 1943 - Sep 1943
Raymond Jean Marie
Delange
(b. 1898 - d. 1976)
(commander of Group "M" in the
Leclerc column)
Oct 1943 - Dec 1945 Robert
Marie Rémi
Thiriet
(b. 1899 - d. 1956)
Jan 1946 - Mar 1947
Pierre Florimond
Mar 1947 - 12 Feb 1950
Maurice
Sarazac
(b. 1908 - d. 1974)
21 May 1949 -
1950? Jacques
Édouard Marie Leneveu
(acting for Sarazac)
Residents of France in the
Fezzan
12 Feb 1950
- Oct 1951 Maurice
Sarazac
(s.a.)
Nov 1951 - Mar
1953 Auguste
Cauneille
(interim) (b.
1911 - d. 1965)
Hakim
1946 - 12 Feb
1950
Ahmad Sayf
an-Nasr
(b. c.1876 - d. 1954)
Wali (Chef du territoire)
12 Feb 1950 - 24 Dec 1951 Ahmad Sayf
an-Nasr
(s.a.)
Governors (Wali)
24 Dec 1951 - 12 Jun 1954 Ahmad Sayf
an-Nasr
(s.a.)
26 Jun 1954 - 27 Apr 1963 Omar Sayf an-Nasr
President of the Province (Ra'is)
26 Sep 2013 - 20..
Nouri Muhammad al-Qouizi (al-Ghuayzi)
(not recognized by Tripoli government)
Presidents of the Executive Council
1952 - 1954
Ghaith Abdul Majid
Sayf an-Nasr
1 Jul 1954 - 27 Apr 1963 Abdul Jalil
Sayf an-Nasr
Libya
1 Jan
1934
Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, Fezzan united as Italian Libya
(Libia
Italiana), also called Italian North Africa
(Africa Settentrionale Italiana).
13 May
1943
End of Italian rule.
24 Dec
1951
Independence as United Libyan Kingdom (al-Mamlaka
al-Libiyya
al-Muttahida).
27 Apr
1963
Libyan Kingdom (al-Mamlaka al-Libiyya).
1 Sep
1969
Libyan Arab Republic (al-Jumhuriyya al-'Arabiyya
al-Libiyya).
2 Mar
1977
Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyya (al-Jamahiriyya
al-'Arabiyya
al-Libiyya al-Sha'biyya al-Ishtirakiyya).
Apr
1986
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyya (al-Jamahiriyya
al-'Arabiyya
al-Libiyya al-Sha'biyya al-Ishtirakiyya al-'Uzma).
10 Aug 2011
Libya (Libya).
8 Jan
2013
State of Libya (Dawlat Libya)(retroactive from 21
Jan 2013).
Leader and Guide of the First of September Great
Revolution (de facto Chief of
State)
2 Mar 1979 - 10 Aug 2011 Muammar
al-Qadhdhafi (Qaddafi) (b. 1942 - d.
2011) Mil/Non-party
(continues in opposition at Sirte to 20 Oct 2011)
Governors-general
1 Jan 1934 - 28 Jun 1940
Italo
Balbo
(b. 1896 - d. 1940)
1 Jul 1940 - 25 Mar 1941
Rodolfo Graziani, marchese di
(b. 1882 - d. 1955)
Neghelli
25 Mar 1941 - 19 Jul 1941 Italo
Gariboldi
(b. 1879 - d. 1970)
19 Jul 1941 - 2 Feb 1943 Ettore
Bastico
(b. 1876 - d. 1972)
2 Feb 1943 - 13 May 1943
Giovanni Messe
(acting)
(b. 1883 - d. 1968)
United Nations Commissioner
10 Dec 1949 - 24 Dec 1951 Adrian Pelt
(Netherlands)
(b. 1892 - d. 1981)
(arrived in Tripoli 18 Jan 1950)
King¹
24 Dec 1951 - 1 Sep 1969 Idris
I
(b. 1890 - d. 1983)
(= Sayyid Muhammad Idris al-Mahdi al-Sanusi)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Command
Council
1 Sep 1969 - 2 Mar 1977
Muammar al-Qadhdhafi
(s.a.)
Mil/Non-party
Secretaries General of the General People's
Congress
2 Mar 1977 - 2 Mar
1979 Muammar al-Qadhdhafi
(s.a.)
Non-party
2 Mar 1979 - 7 Jan
1981 Abdul Ati al-Ubaydi
(al-Obeidi) (b. 1939 - d.
2023) Non-party
7 Jan 1981 - 15 Feb 1984
Muhammad al-Zarruq
Rajab
(b. 1940)
Non-party
15 Feb 1984 - 2 Mar 1986 Miftah
al-Usta
Umar
(b. 1935 - d. 2010) Non-party
Secretaries of the General People's
Congress
2 Mar 1986 - 7 Oct
1990 Miftah al-Usta
Umar
(s.a.)
Non-party
7 Oct 1990 - 18 Nov 1992
Abdul Razzaq al-Sawsa
(b. 1933
- d. 2016) Non-party
18 Nov 1992 - 3 Mar 2008 al-Zanati
Muhammad al-Zanati
(b. 1937)
Non-party
(Zentani)
3 Mar 2008 - 5 Mar 2009
Miftah Muhammad al-Sanusi Ku'ayba
(b. 1942)
Non-party
(Kaiba)
5 Mar 2009 - 26 Jan 2010
Imbarik Abdallah al-Shamikh
(b. 1950)
Non-party
26 Jan 2010 - 10 Aug 2011 Muhammad Abul
Qasim al-Zuwayy (b. 1952)
Non-party
(Zwai)
President of the (Interim) Transitional
National Council
5 Mar 2011 - 8 Aug 2012
Mustafa Muhammad Abdul Jalil Fadil (b. 1952)
NTC
(in
Benghazi, in opposition to 10 Aug 2011)
Presidents of the General National Congress
8 Aug 2012 - 9 Aug 2012
Muhammad Ali Salim
(acting) (b. 1935)
Non-party
9 Aug 2012 - 28 May 2013 Muhammad
al-Maqariyyaf (al-Megarif)(b. 1940)
NFP
28 May 2013 - 25 Jun 2013 Juma'a Ahmad Atayqa
(acting) (b.
1950)
Non-party
(Giuma Attaiga)
25 Jun 2013 - 4 Aug 2014 Nuri Ali
Abu Sahmayn
(b. 1956)
Non-party
(Nouri Abusahmain)
(in Tripoli, in opposition 4 Aug
2014 - 5 Apr 2016)
Presidents of the House of Representatives (in
Tobruk)
4 Aug 2014 - 5 Aug 2014 Abu
Bakr Mustafa Ba'ira (acting) (b. 1941)
Non-party
5 Aug 2014 - 10 Mar
2021 Aqila Salih Isa Qwaydar
al-Abaydi (b. 1944)
Non-party
(internationally recognized to 30 Mar 2016)
President of the Presidential Council of the
Government of National Accord
30 Mar 2016 - 10 Mar 2021
Fayiz Mustafa al-Sarraj
(b. 1960)
Non-party
(in Tunis 17 Dec 2015-30 Mar 2016, then in
Tripoli)
President of the Presidential Council of the
Government of National Unity
10 Mar 2021
-
Muhammad Yunus al-Menfi
(b.
1976)
Non-party
Prime minister of the
Provisional Government
29 Mar 1951 - 24 Dec 1951
Mahmud El Muntasser (al-Muntasir) (b. 1903 -
d. 1970) Non-party
Prime ministers
24 Dec 1951
- 19 Feb 1954 Mahmud El
Muntasser (1st
time) (s.a.)
Non-party
19 Feb 1954 - 12 Apr 1954 Muhammad Sakizli
(b. 1892 - d. 1976) Non-party
12 Apr 1954 - 26 May 1957
Mustafa Ben
Halim
(b. 1921 - d. 2021) Non-party
26 May 1957 - 17 Oct 1960 Abdul
Majid
Kubar
(b. 1909 - d. 1988) Non-party
17 Oct 1960 - 19 Mar 1963
Muhammad Osman
Said
(b. 1924 - d. 2007) Non-party
19 Mar 1963 - 20 Jan 1964
Mohieddin
Fikini
(b. 1925 - d. 1994) Non-party
20 Jan 1964 - 20 Mar 1965 Mahmud
El Muntasser (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Non-party
20 Mar 1965 - 2 Jul 1967
Hussein
Maziq
(b. 1918 - d. 2006) Non-party
2 Jul 1967 - 25 Oct 1967
Abdul Qadir
al-Badri
(b. 1921 - d. 2003) Non-party
25 Oct 1967 - 4 Sep 1968
Abdul Hamid
al-Bakkoush
(b. 1933 - d. 2007) Non-party
4 Sep 1968 - 31 Aug 1969 Wanis
al-Qadhdhafi (Qaddafi)
(b. 1922 - d. 1986) Non-party
8 Sep 1969 - 16 Jan 1970
Mahmud Sulayman
al-Maghribi
(b. 1935 - d. 2009) Non-party
16 Jan 1970 - 16 Jul 1972
Muammar al-Qadhdhafi (Qaddafi)
(s.a.)
Non-party
16 Jul 1972 - 2 Mar 1977
Abdul Salam
Jalloud
(b. 1944)
Non-party
Chairman of the General People's
Committee
2 Mar 1977 - 2 Mar 1979 Abdul
Ati al-Ubaydi (al-Obeidi) (s.a.)
Non-party
Secretaries of the General People's
Committee
2 Mar 1979 - 23 Feb 1984
Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi (1st time) (b. 1939)
Non-party
23 Feb 1984 - 2 Mar 1986 Muhammad
al-Zarruq
Rajab
(s.a.)
Non-party
2 Mar 1986 - 2 Mar 1987
Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi (2nd time) (s.a.)
Non-party
2 Mar 1987 - 7 Oct 1990 Umar
Mustafa
al-Muntasir
(b. 1939 - d. 2001) Non-party
7 Oct 1990 - 29 Jan 1994 Abu Zayd
Umar
Durda
(b. 1944 - d. 2022)
Non-party
(Abuzed Omar Dorda)
29 Jan 1994 - 29 Dec 1997 Abdul Majid al-Mabruk
al-Qa`ud (b. 1943 - d. 2021)
Non-party
29 Dec 1997 - 1 Mar 2000 Muhammad
Ahmad al-Manqush
(b. 1967)
Non-party
(al-Mangoush)
1 Mar 2000 - 13 Jun 2003 Imbarik
Abdallah
al-Shamikh
(s.a.)
Non-party
13 Jun 2003 - 5 Mar 2006 Shukri
Muhammad Ghanim al-Mismari (b. 1942 - d.
2012) Non-party
5 Mar 2006 - 10 Aug 2011 Al-Baghdadi
Ali al-Mahmudi
(b. 1945)
Non-party
Chairmen of the Executive Bureau of
the (Interim) Transitional National
Council
23 Mar 2011 - 23 Oct 2011 Mahmud Jibril
al-Warfalli
(b. 1952 - d. 2020) NTC
(in opposition in Benghazi to 10 Aug
2011)
23 Oct 2011 - 24 Nov 2011 Ali
al-Tarhuni (Tarhouni)(acting) (b. 1951)
NTC
Prime minister
24 Nov 2011 - 14 Nov 2012 Abdul Rahim al-Kayb
(al-Kib) (b. 1950 - d.
2020) NTC
Chairmen of the Provisional Government
(Prime ministers)
14 Nov 2012 - 11 Mar 2014 Ali Zaydan
(Zidan)
(b. 1950)
Non-party
11 Mar 2014 - 15 Mar 2021 Abdullah
al-Thani
(b. 1954)
Non-party
(acting to 8 Apr 2014; in Tobruk from 4 Aug 2014;
[internationally recognized to 30 Mar 2016])
4 May 2014 - 9 Jun 2014 Ahmad
Omar Matiq (in opposition) (b. 1972)
Non-party
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
(Prime ministers)
6 Sep 2014 - 31 Mar 2015 Omar
al-Hassi
(b. 1949)
Non-party
(in opposition, in
Tripoli)
1 Apr 2015 - 5 Apr
2016 Khalifa al-Ghwayl (al-Ghawail)
(b. 1964)
Non-party
(acting to 1? Dec 2015;
in rebellion 14 Oct 2016 - 16 Mar 2017,
[withdrew
forces from Tripoli 27 May 2017])
30 Mar 2016 - 15 Mar 2021 Fayiz Mustafa
al-Sarraj
(s.a.)
Non-party
(in Tunis 17 Dec 2015-30 Mar 2016, then in Tripoli)
15 Mar 2021
-
Abdul Hamid Muhammad
Dbeibah (b.
1959)
Non-party
3 Mar 2022
-
Fathi Ali Abdul Salam Bashagha (b.
1962)
Non-party
(in opposition, in
Tobruk to Jul 2022 then Sirte;
suspended from 16 May 2023)
16 May 2023
-
Osama Saad Hammad Saleh al-Qabaili (b. 1979)
Non-party
(acting for suspended Bashagha)
¹The style of the ruler:
(a) 24 Dec 1951 - 27 Apr 1963: Malik al-Mamlaka
al-Libiyya al-Muttahida ("King of the United
Libyan Kingdom");
(b) 27 Apr 1963 - 1 Sep 1969: Malik al-Mamlaka
al-Libiyya ("King of the Libyan Kingdom").
Party abbreviations (parties banned 1952/1972
- 2011): NFA = Tahalouf al-Quwa al-Wataniyya
(National Forces Alliance, liberal, moderate islamist,
est.2012); NFP = Hizb al-Jabha al-Wataniyya
(National Front Party, liberal progressive, successor to
1981-2012 anti-Qaddafi National Front for the Salvation
of Libya, est.2012); Mil = Military;
- Fromer parties: NTC = al-Majlis
al-Wataniyy al-Intiqaliyy - Libiyya (National
Transitional Council - Libya, militant anti-Qaddafi
opposition, 2 Mar 2011 - 9 Aug 2012)
Territorial Disputes: Dormant disputes
include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still
reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the
FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in
southeastern Morocco; various Chadian rebels from the
Aozou region reside in southern Libya.
© Ben Cahoon