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Kosovo
 
[Ottoman Empire]
to 7 Sep 1913
  
[Kingdom of Serbia state flag, 1882-1918]
7 Sep 1913 - 23 Nov 1915;
10 Oct 1918 - 1 Dec 1918
[Kingdom of Yugoslavia state flag 1920-1941, 1943-1945]
1 Dec 1918 - 12 Apr 1941;
19 Nov 1944 - 31 Jan 1946
[Federal Peoples' Republic of Yugoslavia, 1945-1992]
31 Jan 1946 - 27 Apr 1992
 
[Serbia flag 1992-2004]
27 Apr 1992  - 12 Jun 1999
                       
[Republic of Kosova, 1990-2000, unofficial 2000-2008 (Kosovo)]
7 Sep 1990 - 31 Jan 2000 Kosovo Republic Flag;
1 Feb 2000 - 17 Feb 2008 Unofficial Flag
[Flag of United Nations]
13 Jun 1999 - 17 Feb 2008
[Republic of Kosovo flag]
Adopted 17 Feb 2008

 
Map of Kosovo
------------------------------------
Map of  Kosovo
Administrative Divisions
 Hear National Anthem
"Evropa" (Europe)
(no Lyrics)
Adopted 11 Jun 2008
 		Interim National Anthem
"Ode to Joy"
 (17 Feb 2008-11 Jun 2008)
-----------------------------------
Anthem Used 1990-2000
"Himni i Flamurit"
(Hymn to the Flag)
 Constitution
Adopted 15 Jun 2008
------------------------------------
Constitutional Framework
(15 May 2001-15 Jun 2008;
provisional)
Capital: Pristina
(Prishtinė/Priština)
(Üsküp [Skopje] 1888-1913,
     Prishtine [Pristina] 1877-1888)
 		Currency: Euro (EUR);
2 Sep 1999 - 1 Jan 2002 German
 Mark (DEM); 1918-2 Sep 1999
 Yugoslav Dinar (YUD)
National Holiday: 17 Feb (2008)
Dita e Pavarėsisė sė Kosovės
(Independence Day of Kosovo)
 Population: 1,952,701 (2022)
1,584,558 (1981)
GDP: $19.1 billion (2020) Exports: $1.69 billion (2020)
Imports: $4.19 billion (2020) 		Ethnic groups: Albanians 92.9%, Bosniak 1.6%, Serbs 1.5%,
Turk 1.1%, Ashkali 0.9%, Egyptian 0.7%, Gorani 0.6%,
Romani 0.5%, other/unspecified 0.2% (2011)
Total Active Armed Forces: 2,800 (2010)
NATO KFOR Force: 3,600 (2022)
U.S. Troops: 660 (2021)
UNMIK: 352 (2023)
Merchant marine: None (2020) 		Religions: Muslim (mostly Sunni) 95.6%, Orthodox 1.5%,
Roman Catholic 2.2%, other 0.07%, none 0.07%,
unspecified 0.6% (2011)
note: ethnic Serb population largely Serbian Orthodox.
International Organizations/Treaties: CE (applicant), EBRD, EU (applicant), IBRD, ICSID, IDA, IFC, IMF, IOC, ITUC, MIGA, OIC (observer), OIF (associate), PCA, SECP, UNPO (1991-2018), WCO, WFTU;
Organizations participating only in UNMIK: CE, CEFTA, EU, FAO, ICRC (observer), IFRCS (observer), ILO, Interpol (subbureau), IOM, OSCE, SELEC (observer), UN, UNDP, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIDO, UPU, WHO
Kosovo Index
Chronology

146 BC - 17 Jan 395 AD     Part of the Roman Empire.  
17 Jan 395                 Part of the Eastern (Byzantine) Roman Empire.
883 - Feb 1018             Part of Bulgaria.
 Feb 1018 - 1203            Part of the Byzantine Empire.
 1203 - 1246                Part of Bulgaria.
 1246 - 1282                Part of the Byzantine Empire.
 1282 - 20 Jun 1459         Part of Serbia.     
20 Jun 1459 -  9 Oct 1912  Part of Ottoman Empire (part of vilayet of Rumelia 
                             [to 1867]).    
1867 - 1871                Part of vilayet of Uskudar (Üsküdar vilayeti)
                              (see Albania).
 1871 - 1877                Part of vilayet of Prizren (Prizrin vilayeti)
                             (composed of the sanjaks of Prizren, Dibra, Üsküp
                              [Skopje] and Nish)
 1871 - 1912                Part of vilayet of Kosovo (Kosova vilayeti)
                             (composed of sanjak of Novi Pazar, sanjak of Nish
                              [to 1878], region around Plav and Gusinje, and
                              the Dibra region).
Jan 1881 - 22 Apr 1881     Autonomous Albanian government at Prizren
                             (in rebellion).
 9 Oct 1912                Occupied by Serbia (New Style date 22 Oct 1912).
 7 Sep 1913                Formally annexed to Serbia.
23 Nov 1915 - 10 Oct 1918  Occupied by Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria.
 1 May 1918 - 1924         Committee for the National Defense of Kosovo
                            (Komiteti i Mbrojtes Kombėtare sė Kosovės), ethnic
                             Albanians organized resistance movement against
                             Serbian (later Yugoslav) rule, functioning mostly
                             in Shkodra exile.
10 Oct 1918 - 29 Nov 1918  Occupied by French and Italian forces.
29 Oct 1918                Serbian rule restored.
 1 Dec 1918                Incorporated into what becomes Yugoslavia along
                             with Serbia (Old Style date 18 Nov 1912). 
 4 Oct 1929                Part of Zetska Banovina (Banate of the Zeta)
                              (see Montenegro), within Yugoslavia.
12 Apr 1941 - 14 Apr 1941  Occupied by Germany.
14 Apr 1941 - 10 Sep 1943  Occupied by Italy.
10 Jul 1941 - 19 Nov 1944  Annexed to Albania (Mitrovica and northern tip of
                             Kosovo is part of German occupied Serbia).
10 Sep 1943 - 19 Nov 1944  Occupied by Germany.
19 Nov 1944                Re-incorporated into Yugoslavia.
10 Jul 1945                Autonomous Kosovo-Metohija Region (Autonomna
                             Kosovsko-Metohijska Oblast) (within Serbia in
                             Yugoslavia).
 7 Apr 1963                Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija
                            (Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo i Metohija/Krahina
                             Autonome e Kosovės dhe Metohisė)(within Serbia
                             in Yugoslavia).
26 Dec 1968                Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo
                            (Socijalistička Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo/Krahina
                             Socialiste Autonome e Kosovės)(within Serbia in
                             Yugoslavia).
23 Mar 1989                Autonomy reduced, resulting in widespread unrest.
 2 Jul 1990                Kosovo unilaterally declares itself a republic
                             within Yugoslavia which is not recognized.
 5 Jul 1990                Parliament and government suspended by Serbia.
 7 Sep 1990                Republic of Kosovo (Republika e Kosovės), within
                             Yugoslavia, but secession from Serbia declared,
                             by clandestine meeting of dissolved parliament in
                             Kaēanik.
28 Sep 1990                Autonomous Province of Kosovo-Metohija (Autonomna
                             Pokrajina Kosovo i Metohija/Krahina Autonome e
                             Kosovės dhe Metohisė)(however, autonomy is not
                             implemented by Serbia).
 19 Oct 1991                Kosovo unilaterally declares independence (Republic
                             of Kosovo)(Republika e Kosovės) (not recognized
                             internationally).
Feb 1998 - 11 Jun 1999     Kosovo war.
10 Jun 1999                Serbian forces withdrawn.
 12 Jun 1999                Kosovo under foreign occupation and United Nations
                              administration.
 17 Feb 2008                Republic of Kosovo (Republika e Kosovės/Republika
                             Kosovo), independence declared (winning partial
                             international recognition including by most
                             Western countries, but not recognized by Serbia).
10 Sep 2012                International supervision officially ended.
19 Apr 2013                Brussels Agreement signed by Serbia and Kosovo.
                             Serbia does not recognize Kosovo as a sovereign
                             state, but began normalizing relations with the
                             government of Kosovo nonetheless.
Kosovo
Serbian Autonomous
Province
 (1943-2008)
Republic
of Kosovo
(1990-2000)
Serbian National Council of Kosovo and Metohija
(1999-2013)
Diplomatic
Recognition List
Historical Maps
 of Yugoslavia


 
 


Walis (governors) of Prizren
Jul 1869 - Jan 1871        Ismail Rahmi Pasha                (b. 1806 - d. 1875)
                              Tepedelenlizade
Jan 1871 - Nov 1871        Safvet Pasha Tatar                (d. 1895)
 Nov 1871 - Aug 1872        Ghalib Pasha Sari
 Aug 1872 - Apr 1873        Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha        (b. 1836 - d. 1912)
 Apr 1873 - May 1873        Mehmed Akif Pasha Arnavud         (b. 1822 - d. 1893)
                             Kalkandelenli          
 May 1873 - Apr 1874        Hüseyin Hüsnü Pasha               (d. 1877)
 1874 -  4 Sep 1875         Ferik Ahmet Hamdi Pasha           (b. 1826 - d. 1885)
1875 - 1877                Mehmet Akif Pasha                 (b. 1822 - d. 1893)
 Walis (governors) of Kosovo
 5 Feb 1877 - Jun 1878     Halil Rifat Pasha                 (b. 1827 - d. 1901)
 Jun 1878 - Dec 1879        Mehmed Nazif Pasha Manastirli     (b. 1832 - d. 1889)
 Dec 1879 - Aug 1880        Hüseyin Fikri Pasha               (d. 1888)
 Aug 1880 - Jun 1881        Osman Nuri Pasha Potirikli        (d. 1900)
 Jun 1881 - Jul 1883        Ahmed Hifzi Pasha                 (b. 1832 - d. 1900)
 Jul 1883 - Oct 1885        Abdi Pasha
 Oct 1885 - Oct 1889        Mehmed Faik Pasha Selanikli       (b. 1838 - d. 1908)
 Oct 1889 - Dec 1890        Ahmed Eyyub Pasha                 (b. 1833 - d. 1894)
 Dec 1890 - Jun 1891        Abdülkadir Kemali Pasha           (d. 1892)
 Jun 1891 - Jul 1892        Mehmed Shakir Pasha               (d. 1898)
 Jul 1892 - Dec 1893        Edhem Pasha                       (b. 1819 - d. 1893)
 Dec 1893 - Apr 1900        Hafiz Mehmed Pasha Erzurumlu      (b. 1847 - d. 1903)
                              (1st time)
 Apr 1900 - Jan 1903        Mehmed Reshad Bey
 Jan 1903 - Apr 1903        Hafiz Mehmed Pasha Erzurumlu      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
 Apr 1903 - Apr 1905        Shakir Pasha
 Apr 1905 - Aug 1908        Mahmud Shevket Pasha              (b. 1856 - d. 1913)
 Aug 1908 - May 1909        Mehmed Hadi Pasha Bagdadli        (b. 1861 - d. 1932)
 May 1909 - Aug 1909        Hüseyin Hüsnü Pasha               (b. 1856 - d. 1926)
 Aug 1909 - Nov 1910        Mazhar Bey (1st time)             (b. 1873 - d. 1948)
 Nov 1910 - Nov 1911        Halil Halid Bey                   (b. 1869 – d. 1931)
Nov 1911 - Aug 1912        Mazhar Bey (2nd time)             (s.a.)
 Aug 1912                   Ali Galib Pasha Müstedami         (b. 1863 - d. 1918)
 President of the Provisional Government
Jan 1881 - 22 Apr 1881     Ymer Prizreni                     (b. 1821 - d. 1887)
                             (in rebellion, in Prizren)
Chairman of the Committee for the National Defense of Kosovo
 1 May 1918 - 1924?        Hoxha Kadri Prishtina             (b. 1878 - d. 1925)
                             (in Shkodra, Albania exile)
Italian Civil Commissioner of the Commissariat of Kosovo and Debar
25 May 1941 - 1941         Carlo Umiltą                      (b. 1884 - d. 19..)
High Commissioner for Kosovo, Debar, and Struga
 10 Jul 1941 -  3 Dec 1941  Fejzi Bej Alizoti                 (b. 1874 - d. 1945)
Presidents
 4 Mar 2002 - 21 Jan 2006  Ibrahim Rugova                    (b. 1944 - d. 2006)  LDK
 21 Jan 2006 - 10 Feb 2006  Nexhat Daci (acting)              (b. 1944)            LDK
10 Feb 2006 - 27 Sep 2010  Fatmir Sejdiu                     (b. 1951)            LDK
 27 Sep 2010 - 22 Feb 2011  Jakup Krasniqi (1st time)(acting) (b. 1951)            PDK
 22 Feb 2011 - 30 Mar 2011  Behgjet Pacolli                   (b. 1951)            Non-party
 30 Mar 2011 -  7 Apr 2011  Jakup Krasniqi (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)               PDK
  7 Apr 2011 -  7 Apr 2016  Atifete Jahjaga (f)               (b. 1975)            Non-party
 7 Apr 2016 -  5 Nov 2020  Hashim Thaēi                      (b. 1968)            PDK
 5 Nov 2020 - 22 Mar 2021  Vjosa Osmani-Sadriu (f) (1st time)(b. 1982)            LDK
                             (acting)
22 Mar 2021 -  4 Apr 2021  Glauk Konjufca (acting)           (b. 1981)            LVV
 4 Apr 2021 -              Vjosa Osmani-Sadriu (f) (2nd time)(s.a.)               Non-party  


Prime ministers
 4 Mar 2002 -  3 Dec 2004  Bajram Rexhepi                    (b. 1954 - d. 2017)  PDK
 3 Dec 2004 -  8 Mar 2005  Ramush Haradinaj (1st time)       (b. 1968)            AAK
  8 Mar 2005 - 23 Mar 2005  Adem Salihaj (acting)             (b. 1950)            LDK
23 Mar 2005 - 10 Mar 2006  Bajram Kosumi                     (b. 1960)            AAK
 10 Mar 2006 -  9 Jan 2008  Agim Ēeku                         (b. 1960)            Non-party
  9 Jan 2008 -  9 Dec 2014  Hashim Thaēi                      (s.a.)               PDK
 9 Dec 2014 -  9 Sep 2017  Isa Mustafa                       (b. 1951)            LDK
 9 Sep 2017 -  3 Feb 2020  Ramush Haradinaj (2nd time)       (s.a.)               AAK
 3 Feb 2020 -  3 Jun 2020  Albin Kurti (1st time)            (b. 1975)            LVV
 3 Jun 2020 - 22 Mar 2021  Avdullah Hoti                     (b. 1976)            LDK
22 Mar 2021 -              Albin Kurti (2nd time)            (s.a.)               LVV


U.N. Special Representatives of the Secretary-General and
Heads of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)
13 Jun 1999 - 14 Jul 1999  Sérgio Vieira de Mello (Brazil)   (b. 1948 - d. 2003)
                             (interim)
15 Jul 1999 - 12 Jan 2001  Bernard Kouchner (France)         (b. 1939)
13 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001  Hans Hękkerup (Denmark)           (b. 1945 - d. 2013)
 1 Jan 2002 - 14 Feb 2002  Charles H. Brayshaw (U.S.)        (b. 1942)
                             (1st time) (acting) 
14 Feb 2002 -  8 Jul 2003  Michael Steiner (Germany)         (b. 1949)
 8 Jul 2003 - 25 Aug 2003  Charles H. Brayshaw (U.S.)        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
25 Aug 2003 - 11 Jun 2004  Harri Holkeri (Finland)           (b. 1937 - d. 2011)
11 Jun 2004 - 16 Aug 2004  Charles H. Brayshaw (U.S.)        (s.a.)
                             (3rd time) (acting) 
16 Aug 2004 - 30 Jun 2006  Sųren Jessen-Petersen (Denmark)   (b. 1945)
 1 Jul 2006 - 31 Aug 2006  Steven Paul Schook (U.S.)(acting) (b. 1953)
 1 Sep 2006 - 20 Jun 2008  Joachim Rücker (Germany)          (b. 1951)
 20 Jun 2008 -  1 Jul 2011  Lamberto Zannier (Italy)          (b. 1954)
  1 Jul 2011 -  3 Aug 2011  Robert E. Sorenson (U.S.)(acting) (b. 1952)
  3 Aug 2011 - 31 Aug 2015  Farid Zarif (Afghanistan)         (b. 1951)
                              (acting to 11 Oct 2011)
 1 Sep 2015 -  9 Oct 2015  Simona-Mirela Miculescu (f)       (b. 1959)
                             (Romania) (acting)
 9 Oct 2015 - 19 Nov 2021  Abdul Zahir Tanin (Afghanistan)   (b. 1956)
19 Nov 2021 - 19 Jan 2022  Barrie Lynne Freeman (f)(U.S.)    (b. 1960?)
                             (acting)
19 Jan 2022 -              Caroline Ziadeh (f)(Lebanon)

European Union Special Representatives in Kosovo (EUSR)
20 Feb 2008 - 30 Apr 2011  Pieter C. Feith (Netherlands)     (b. 1945)
                             (and International Civilian Representative
                             28 Feb 2008 - 10 Sep 2012)
  1 May 2011 - 31 Jan 2012  Fernando Gentilini (Italy)        (b. 1962)
 1 Feb 2012 - 31 Aug 2016  Samuel Žbogar (Slovenia)          (b. 1962)
 1 Sep 2016 - 31 Aug 2020  Nataliya Apostolova (f) (Bulgaria)(b. 1964)
 1 Sep 2020 -              Tomįš Szunyog (Czech Republic)    (b. 1966)

[Flag of KFOR, 1999-2008 (Kosovo)]
1999 - 2008 KFOR Flag
[Flag of KFOR, 2008-2009 (Kosovo)]
2008 - 2009 KFOR Flag
[NATO Kosovo Force - KFOR]
Adopted 2009 KFOR Flag

NATO Commanders, Kosovo Force (KFOR)
12 Jun 1999 -  8 Oct 1999  Sir Michael Jackson (U.K.)        (b. 1944)
 8 Oct 1999 - 18 Apr 2000  Klaus Reinhardt (Germany)         (b. 1941 - d. 2021)
18 Apr 2000 - 16 Oct 2000  Juan Ortuńo Such (Spain)          (b. 1940 - d. 2017) 
16 Oct 2000 -  6 Apr 2001  Carlo Cabigiosu (Italy)           (b. 1939)
 6 Apr 2001 -  3 Oct 2001  Thorsten Skiaker (Norway)         (b. 1947)
 3 Oct 2001 -  4 Oct 2002  Marcel M. Valentin (France)       (b. 1946) 
 4 Oct 2002 -  3 Oct 2003  Fabio Mini (Italy)                (b. 1942)
 3 Oct 2003 -  1 Sep 2004  Holger Kammerhoff (Germany)       (b. 1945)
 1 Sep 2004 -  1 Sep 2005  Yves de Kermabon (France)         (b. 1948)
 1 Sep 2005 -  1 Sep 2006  Giuseppe Valotto (Italy)          (b. 1946)
 1 Sep 2006 - 31 Aug 2007  Roland Kather (Germany)           (b. 1949)
 31 Aug 2007 - 29 Aug 2008  Xavier Bout de Marnhac (France)   (b. 1951)
 29 Aug 2008 -  8 Sep 2009  Giuseppe Emilio Gay (Itay)        (b. 1950)
  8 Sep 2009 -  1 Sep 2010  Markus J. Bentler (Germany)       (b. 1953)
  1 Sep 2010 -  9 Sep 2011  Erhard Bühler (Germany)           (b. 1956)
  9 Sep 2011 -  7 Sep 2012  Erhard Drews (Germany)            (b. 1952)
 7 Sep 2012 -  6 Sep 2013  Volker R. Halbauer (Germany)      (b. 1955)
 6 Sep 2013 -  3 Sep 2014  Salvatore Farina (Italy)          (b. 1957)
 3 Sep 2014 -  7 Aug 2015  Francesco Paolo Figliuolo (Italy) (b. 1961)
 7 Aug 2015 -  1 Sep 2016  Guglielmo Luigi Miglietta (Italy) (b. 1961)
 1 Sep 2016 - 15 Nov 2017  Giovanni Fungo (Italy)            (b. 1960)
15 Nov 2017 - 28 Nov 2018  Salvatore Cuoci (Italy)           (b. 1965)
28 Nov 2018 - 19 Nov 2019  Lorenzo D'Addario (Italy)         (b. 1964)
19 Nov 2019 - 13 Nov 2020  Michele Risi (Italy)              (b. 1965)
13 Nov 2020 - 15 Oct 2021  Franco Federici (Italy)           (b. 1965)
15 Oct 2021 - 10 Oct 2022  Ferenc Kajįri (Hungary)           (b. 1967)
10 Oct 2022 -              Angelo Michele Ristuccia (Italy)  (b. 1966)

Alternative government: Republic of Kosovo 

[Republic of Kosova, 1990-2000 (Kosovo)]
7 Sep 1990 - 31 Jan 2000

 7 Sep 1990                Republic of Kosovo (Republika e Kosovės), within Yugoslavia,
                              but in secession from Serbia, is declared by a clandestine
                             meeting of the dissolved parliament in Kaēanik.
 22 Sep 1991                Sovereignty declared.
 19 Oct 1991                Kosovo declares independence from Yugoslavia (not recognized).
12 Jun 1999                Kosovo under foreign occupation (UN administration; see above).
31 Jan 2000                International administration recognized.
 
 Chairman of the Assembly
 7 Sep 1990 - 25 May 1992  Ilaz Ahmet Ramajli                (b. 1951)            LDK
                              (acting to 19 Oct 1991)
President
25 May 1992 - 31 Jan 2000  Ibrahim Rugova                    (b. 1944 - d. 2006)  LDK
                             (in Italy exile 5 May - 15 Jul 1999) 

Prime Minister
 19 Oct 1991 - 31 Jan 2000  Bujar Bukoshi                     (b. 1947)            LDK
                             (in exile in Ljubljana, Slovenia; then
                             May 1992 - Aug 1999 in Bonn, Germany)
 2 Apr 1999 - 31 Jan 2000  Hashim Thaēi (provisional)        (b. 1968)           KLA;1999 PPDK
                              (in opposition)

Alternative government: Serbian National Council of Kosovo and Metohija
[Serbia State Flag]
18 Oct 1999                Serbian National Council of Kosovo and Metohija (Srpsko nacionalno
                             Veće Kosova i Metohije) formed in Leposavić to represent Serb
                             interests, in opposition to both NATO administration and the
                             Republic of Kosovo.
19 Dec 1999 - 2013         Serb National Council at Mitrovica (Srpsko nacionalno veće u
                             Mitrovici) established as a rival body under Oliver Ivanović (b.
                             1953 - d. 2018) to 6 Jun 2001, then under Milan Ivanović.
15 Feb 2012                99.74% of voters in Serb north Kosovo reject Kosovo state
                             institutions (referendum not recognized by Kosovo or Serbia).
19 Apr 2013                Brussels Agreement signed by Serbia and Kosovo. Serbia does not
                             recognize Kosovo as a sovereign state, but began normalizing
                             relations with the government of Kosovo nonetheless.

Presidents of the Council
18 Oct 1999 -  3 Mar 2004  Artemije Radosavljević, Bishop    (b. 1935 - d. 2020)  Non-party
                             of Raška and Prizren
 3 Mar 2004 -  3 Sep 2006  Rada Trajković (f) (acting)       (b. 1953)            SRS
 3 Sep 2006 - 2013         Dragan Velić                      (b. 1958)            SPS

Presidents of the Executive Board
18 Oct 1999 - 18 Jul 2000  Momcilo Trajković                 (s.a.)               SPO
18 Jul 2000 - 18 Jan 2002  Dušan Ristić                      (b. 1928 - d. 2002)
2002 -  3 Sep 2006         Dragan Velić                      (s.a.)               SPS
 3 Sep 2006 - 2013         Rada Trajković (f)                (s.a.)               SRS


Territorial Disputes: Serbia with several other states protest the U.S. and other countries' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in Feb 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; Kosovo's and Serbia's temporary agreement on license plates expired on 21 Apr 2022; the Kosovo and Montenegro demarcation agreement was ratified by Montenegro in Dec 2015 and by Kosovo in Mar 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed; Kosovo and North Macedonia completed demarcation of their boundary in Sep 2008, both countries ratified the demarcation documents on 17 Oct 2009, after high-level consultations resolved the disputed section of border around Debelde/Tanuševci.

Party abbreviations: AAK = Aleanca pėr Ardhmėrinė e Kosovės (Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, conservative, est.2000); AKR = Aleanca Kosova e Re (Alliance for a New Kosovo, centrist, est.2006); LDK = Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovės (Democratic League of Kosovo, social democratic, Albanian centrist, est.23 Dec 1989); LVV = Lėvizja Vetėvendosje (Self-determination Movement, center-left, Albanian nationalist, social democratic, progressive, est.12 Jun 2005); PDK = Partia Demokratike e Kosovės (Democratic Party of Kosovo, center-left, Albanian nationalist, pro-independence, former PPDK, est.2000); SPO = Srpski Pokret Otpora (Serbian Resistance Movement, Serb nationalist, est.1985); SPS = Socijalistička Partija Srbije (Socialist Party of Serbia, socialist, authoritarian 1990-2000, former SKS, est.27 Jul 1990); SRS = Srpska Radikalna Stranka (Serbian Radical Party, nationalist, right-wing populist, Eurosceptic, 1935-1945, re-est.23 Feb 1991); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: KLA = Ushtria Ēlirimtare e Kosovės (Kosovo Liberation Army, armed separatist, Albanian nationalist, 1990-8 May 1999); KPK = Komunistička Partija Kosova i Metohija (Communist Party of Kosovo and Metohija, communist, branch of KPS, 1944-1952, renamed SKK); PPDK = Partia pėr Progres Demokratik e Kosovės (Party for the Democratic Progress of Kosovo, separatist, former KLA, 8 May 1999-21 May 2000, renamed PDK); SKK = Savez Komunista Kosova/Lidhja Komuniste e Kosovės (League of Communists of Kosovo, branch of SKS, 1952-1990)


Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo (from 1990, Autonomous Province of Kosovo-Metohija)

[Flag of the Albanian Ethnical Community 1946-1989 (Serbia, Yugoslavia)]
1946 - 23 Mar 1989 Unofficial
Albanian Ethnical Community Flag

  1 Jan 1944                Anti-Fascist Assembly of the People's Liberation of Kosovo and
                             Metohija established (in rebellion, against occupation).
10 Jul 1945                Autonomous Kosovo-Metohija Region (oblast)(Autonomna Kosovsko-
                             Metohijska Oblast)(within Serbia in Yugoslavia).
  7 Apr 1963                Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (Autonomna Pokrajina
                             Kosovo i Metohija/Krahina Autonome e Kosovės dhe Metohisė)
                             (within Serbia in Yugoslavia).
 26 Dec 1968                Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo (Socijalistička Autonomna
                             Pokrajina Kosovo/Krahina Socialiste Autonome e Kosovės)
                             (within Serbia in Yugoslavia).
 23 Mar 1989                Autonomy reduced, resulting in widespread unrest.
  2 Jul 1990                Kosovo unilaterally declares itself a republic within Yugoslavia
                             (move is not recognized).
  5 Jul 1990                Parliament and government suspended by Serbia.
 28 Sep 1990                Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (Autonomna Pokrajina
                             Kosovo i Metohija/Krahina Autonome e Kosovės dhe Metohisė)
                             (however, autonomy is not implemented by Serbia).
 12 Jun 1999                Kosovo under NATO occupation and UN administration (s.a.)
 17 Feb 2008                Independence declared (not recognized by Serbia).

 Secretaries of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia for
Kosovo and Metohija (from 1945, Regional Committee of the Communist Party of
Serbia for Kosovo and Metohija)
Sep 1944 - Mar 1945        Miladin Popović                   (b. 1910 - d. 1945)
Mar 1945 -  7 Nov 1952     Đorđije (Djordjije) Pajković      (b. 1917 - d. 1980)
Secretaries of the Regional Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia
for Kosovo and Metohija
 7 Nov 1952 - Feb 1956     Đorđije (Djordjije) Pajković      (s.a.)
Feb 1956 - 1963            Dušan Mugoša "Duć"                (b. 1914 - d. 1973)
Secretaries of the Provincial Committee of the League of Communists of
Serbia for Kosovo and Metohija
1963 - 1965                Dušan Mugoša "Duć"                (s.a.)
1965 - Oct 1966            Velli Deva                        (b. 1923 - d. 2015)
Presidents of the Provincial Committee of the League of Communists of Kosovo
(to 26 Dec 1968, League of Communists of Serbia for Kosovo and Metohija)
Oct 1966 - 28 Jun 1971     Velli Deva (1st time)             (s.a.)
28 Jun 1971 -  6 May 1981  Mahmut Bakalli                    (b. 1936 - d. 2006)
 6 May 1981 - Jun 1982     Velli Deva (2nd time)             (s.a.)
Presidents of the Presidency of the Provincial Committee of the League of
Communists of Kosovo
Jun 1982 - May 1983        Sinan Hasani                      (b. 1922 - d. 2010)
May 1983 - Mar 1984        Ilaz Kurteshi (Iljaz Kurteši)     (b. 1927 - d. 2016)
Mar 1984 - Apr 1985        Svetislav Dolašević               (b. 1926 - d. 1995)
Apr 1985 - Apr 1986        Kolė Shiroka (Kolj Široka)        (b. 1922 - d. 1994)
Apr 1986 - 1988            Azem Vllasi (Vlasi)               (b. 1948)
May 1988 - 17 Nov 1988     Kaqusha Jashari (f)(Kaćuša Jašari)(b. 1946)
17 Nov 1988 - 27 Jan 1989  Remzi Kolgeci (Koljgeci)(acting)  (b. 1947 - d. 2011)
27 Jan 1989 - 12 Oct 1990  Rahman Morina                     (b. 1943 - d. 1990)


President of the Anti-Fascist Assembly of the People's Liberation of Kosovo and Metohija
 1 Jan 1944 - 11 Jul 1945  Mehmet Hoxha                      (b. 1908 - d. 1987)  KPK
Presidents of the Regional People's Committee
11 Jul 1945 - 20 Feb 1953  Fadil Hoxha (Fadilj Hodža)        (b. 1916 - d. 2001)  KPK;1952 SKK
20 Feb 1953 - 12 Dec 1953  Ismet Shaqiri (Šaćiri)            (b. 1918 - d. 1986)  SKK
Presidents of the People's Committee
12 Dec 1953 -  5 May 1956  Đorđije (Djordjije) Pajković      (s.a.)               SKK?
 5 May 1956 -  4 Apr 1960  Pavle Jovićević                   (b. 1910 - d. 1985)  SKK
 4 Apr 1960 - 18 Jun 1963  Dušan Mugoša "Duć"                (s.a.)               SKK
Presidents of the Provincial Assembly
18 Jun 1963 - 24 Jun 1967  Stanoje Akšić                     (b. 1921 - d. 1970)  SKK
24 Jun 1967 -  7 May 1969  Fadil Hoxha (2nd time)            (s.a.)               SKK
 7 May 1969 - May 1974     Ilaz Kurteshi                     (s.a.)               SKK
Presidents of the Presidency
May 1974 -  5 Aug 1981     Xhavid Nimani "Patrija"           (b. 1919 - d. 2000)  SKK
 5 Aug 1981 - May 1982     Ali Shukriu (Šukrija)             (b. 1919 - d. 2005)  SKK
May 1982 - May 1983        Kolė Shiroka                      (s.a.)               SKK
May 1983 - May 1984        Shefqet Jashari (Šefćet Jašari)                        SKK
May 1984 - May 1985        Shefqet Nebih Gashi               (b. 1927)            SKK
May 1985 - May 1986        Branislav Škembarević             (b. 1920 - d. 2003)  SKK
 5 May 1986 - May 1988     Bajram Selani (Seljani)           (b. 1938 - d. 2019)  SKK  
May 1988 - 30 Apr 1989     Remzi Kolgeci                     (s.a.)               SKK
30 Apr 1989 - 27 Jun 1989  Vacant
 27 Jun 1989 - 11 Apr 1990  Hysen Kajdomēaj (Hisen Kajdomčaj) (b. 1943)            SKK
Serbian Provincial Coordinators
 11 Apr 1990 - 1991         Momčilo Trajković                 (b. 1950)            SPS
 1991 - 1992                Živojin Mitrović (acting)         (b. 1950)            SPS
                              (mayor of Pristina)
 1992                       Novica Sojević (acting)           (b. 1940)            SPS?
                              (mayor of Pristina)
 Prefects of the Kosovo District
1992 - 1994                Miloš Simović                                          SPS
 1994 - 1996                Aleksa Jokić                      (b. 1950)            SPS
 1996 - 1998                Miloš Nesović                     (b. 1937)            SPS
 1998 - 1999                Veljko Odalović (1st time)        (b. 1956)            SPS
 1999 - 2000                Andreja Milosavljević             (b. 1936)            SPS
 2000 - 2001                Veljko Odalović (2nd time)        (s.a.)               SPS
 12 Apr 2001 -  6 Dec 2001  Jovica Filipović                  (b. 1963)            SPS
  6 Dec 2001 - 28 Sep 2004  Dragan Velić                      (b. 1958)            SPS
 28 Sep 2004 -  8 Dec 2007  Srđan (Srdjan) Vasić              (b. 1960)            SPS
 13 Dec 2007 -  4 Feb 2013  Goran Arsić                       (b. 1971)            DS
  4 Feb 2013 - 30 May 2014  Vladeta Kostić                    (b. 1972)            SNS
 30 May 2014 - 18 Nov 2021  Srđan (Srdjan) Petković                                GIS
 18 Nov 2021 -              Srđan (Srdjan) Popović            (b. 1978)            LS + SNS
Prefects of the Kosovo-Pomoravlje District
1992 - c.1997              ....
c.1997 - 12 Apr 2001       Predrag Kovačević                 (b. 1948)
12 Apr 2001 -  6 Dec 2001  Nenad Kojić                       (b. 1973)
 6 Dec 2001 - 11 Nov 2004  Ivica Zlatanović                  (b. 1968)
11 Nov 2004 - 13 Oct 2005  Milorad Todorović                 (b. 1961)
13 Oct 2005 - 12 Jan 2006  Vacant
12 Jan 2006 -  6 Dec 2007  Radovan Denić
 6 Dec 2007 -  4 Feb 2013  Dragan Nikolić                    (b. 1967)
 4 Feb 2013 - 19 May 2017  Srđan (Srdjan) Mitrović           (b. 1981)
19 May 2017 - 26 Aug 2021  Radovan Stojković
26 Aug 2021 -              Davor Petković                    (b. 1968)
 Prefects of the Kosovska Mitrovica District
 199. - 199.                Dragan Pelević
c.1999 - 12 Apr 2001       Zdravko Trajković                 (b. 1951)
12 Apr 2001 -  6 Dec 2001  Nebojša Minić                     (b. 1968)
 6 Dec 2001 -  2 Dec 2004  Dragan Kalaba                     (b. 1954)
 2 Dec 2004 -  6 Dec 2008  Momir Kasalović
 6 Dec 2008 - 21 Oct 2013  Radenko Nedeljković               (b. 1951)
21 Oct 2013 - 28 Nov 2019  Vaso Jelić
28 Nov 2019 - 29 Jul 2021  Slavko Simić
29 Jul 2021 -              Vučina Janković                   (b. 1982)             LS
 Prefects of the Peć District
 1992 - 1994                Miladin Ivanović                  (b. 1941 - d. 1999)
 1994 - 12 Apr 2001         Jovo Popović                      (b. 1953)
 12 Apr 2001 -  9 Dec 2004  Milivoje Ribač                    (b. 1952)
  9 Dec 2004 -  6 Dec 2008  Milisav Petrović                  (b. 19.. - d. 2012)
  6 Dec 2008 -  4 Feb 2013  Stojan Dončić                     (b. 1953)
  4 Feb 2013 - 27 Feb 2020  Vinka Radosavljević (f)           (b. 1976)
19 Mar 2020 -              Milo Stevanović
 Prefects of the Prizren District
1992 - 1994                Blažo Damjanović
1994 - 12 Apr 2001         Branislava Furjanović (f)         (b. 1950)
12 Apr 2001 - 12 Jan 2006  Bratislav Zrnzević                (b. 1948)
12 Jan 2006 -  6 Dec 2008  Sokol Đorđević (Djordjević)       (b. 1964)
 6 Dec 2008 - 2020?        Jovica Budurić                    (b. 1955)
2020?  -                   Vacant


President of the Government (Prime minister)
1945 - Feb 1953            Fadil Hoxha                       (s.a.)               KPK;1952 SKK
 President of the Executive Council of the Regional Council
Feb 1953 - Jun 1963        Fadil Hoxha                       (s.a.)               SKK
Presidents of the Executive Council of the (to 1974 Provincial) Assembly
 Jun 1963 - May 1967        Ali Shukriu (Ali Šukrija)         (s.a.)               SKK
May 1967 - May 1974        Ilija Vakić                       (b. 1932)            SKK
May 1974 - May 1978        Bogoljub Nedeljković              (b. 1920 - d. 1986)  SKK
May 1978 - May 1980        Bahri Oruēi (Oruči)               (b. 1930 - d. 2011)  SKK
May 1980 - May 1982        Riza Sapunxhiu (Sapundžiju)       (b. 1925 - d. 2008)  SKK
May 1982 -  5 May 1984     Ymer Pula (Imer Pulja)            (b. 1921 - d. 2010)  SKK
 5 May 1984 - May 1986     Ljubomir Neđo (Nedjo) Borković    (b. 1926 - d. 2009)  SKK
May 1986 - 1987            Namzi Mustafa                     (b. 1941)            SKK
10 Mar 1987 -  9 May 1989  Kaqusha Jashari (f)               (s.a.)               SKK
 9 May 1989 - 1989         Nikolla Shkreli (Nikola Škreli)   (b. 1937)            SKK
1989 -  4 Dec 1989         Daut Jashanica (Jašanica)         (b. 1948)            SKK
 4 Dec 1989 -  5 Jul 1990  Jusuf Zejnullahu                  (b. 1944)            LDK
  5 Jul 1990 - 28 Sep 1998  Post abolished
Chairman of the Temporary Executive Council
28 Sep 1998 -  7 Mar 2002  Zoran Anđelković (Andjelković)    (b. 1958)            SPM
Ministers for Kosovo and Metohija (within the government of Serbia)
15 May 2007 -  7 Jul 2008  Slobodan Samardžić                (b. 1953)            DSS
 7 Jul 2008 - 27 Jul 2012  Goran Bogdanović                  (b. 1963)            DS
Directors of the Office of Kosovo and Metohija (within the government of Serbia)
 3 Aug 2012 -  2 Sep 2013  Aleksandar Vulin                  (b. 1972)            PS
 2 Sep 2013 -  8 Oct 2020  Marko Đurić (Djurić)              (b. 1983)            SNS
 8 Oct 2020 -              Petar Petković                    (b. 1980)            SNS 

Party abbreviations: DS = Demokratska Stranka (Democratic Party, centrist, 1919-1945, re-est.1990); DSS = Demokratska Stranka Srbije (Democratic Party of Serbia, Serb nationalist, conservative, christian-democratic, Eurosceptic, split from DS, est.26 Jul 1992); GIS = Građanska Inicijativa Srpska (Serbian Civic Initiative, formerly named Građanska Inicijativa "Srbija" [Civic Initiative "Serbia"] 2004-Sep 2013, Serb Kosovo regionalist, est.2004); LDK = Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovės (Democratic League of Kosovo, social democratic, Albanian centrist, est.23 Dec 1989); SL = Srpska lista/Lista Serbe (Serb List, Kosovo Serb minority, right wing, soft Eurosceptic, affiliated with SNS, est.2018); SNS = Srpska Napredna Stranka (Serbian Progressive Party, right-wing, nationalist, split from SRS, est.2008); SPS = Socijalistička Partija Srbije (Socialist Party of Serbia, socialist, authoritarian 1990-2000, former SKS, est.27 Jul 1990); PS = Pokret Socijalista (Movement of Socialists, left-wing, split from SPS, est.2007); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: KPK = Komunistička Partija Kosova i Metohija (Communist Party of Kosovo and Metohija, communist, branch of KPS, 1944-1952, renamed SKK); KPS = Komunistička Partija Srbije (Communist Party of Serbia, 1941-1952 renamed SKS); SKS = Savez Komunista Srbije (League of Communists of Serbia, former KPS, 1952-27 Jul 1990, merged into SPS); SKK = Savez Komunista Kosova/Lidhja Komuniste e Kosovės (League of Communists of Kosovo, to Nov 1968 as branch of SKS, 1952-1990)





© Ben Cahoon