Kosovo

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Kosovo

[Ottoman Empire]
                 to 21 Nov 1912


[Serbia State Flag, 1882 - 1918]
10 Apr 1913 - 1 Dec 1918

[State Flag of Yugoslavia 1920-1941, 1943-1945]
   1 Dec 1918 - 17 Apr 1941;
        4 Dec 1943 - 2 Dec 1945 (de jure)

[Federal Peoples' Republic of Yugoslavia, 1945-1992]
                   2 Dec 1945 - 27 Apr 1992

[Serbia Flag 1992]
27 Apr 1992 - 12 Jun 1999;
   de jure to 17 Feb 2008

[Albanian flag]
   7 Sep 1990 - 1 Feb 2000 Kosova Flag
   1 Feb 2000 - 17 Feb 2008 Unofficial Flag

[Flag of United Nations]
13 Jun 1999 - 17 Feb 2008

[Republic of Kosovo flag, 2008]
        Adopted 17 Feb 2008

Map of Kosovo
------------------------------------
Map of Kosovo
Administrative Divisions
Hear National Anthem
"Europe"
(no lyrics)
Adopted 11 Jun 2008
Interim National Anthem
"Ode to Joy"
(17 Feb 2008-11 Jun 2008)
------------------------------------
Anthem Used 1990-2000
"Hymni i Flamurit"
(Hymn to the Flag)
Constitution
Adopted 15 Jun 2008
-------------------------------------
Constitutional Framework
(15 May 2001-15 Jun 2008;
provisional)

Capital: Pristina
(Prishtine) Currency: Euro (EUR);
German Mark (DEM) 2 Sep 1999
- 1 Jan 2002; Yugoslav
Dinar (YUD) 1918 - 2 Sep 1999 National Holiday: 17 Feb (2008)
Independence Day
Population: 2,113,225 (2008)
1,584,558 (1981)

GDP: $5 billion (2007) Exports: $527 million (2007)
Imports: $2.6 billion (2007) Ethnic groups: Albanians 92%, Serbs 5.3%, others 2.7% (2007)
Albanians 88%, Serbs 7%, Bosniaks 1.9%, Roma (Gypsy) 1.7%,
Turks 1%, Gorani 0.5% (2002)

Total Active Armed Forces: 2,500 (2009)
NATO Forces: 15,900 (2008)
U.S. Troops: 1,400 (2008)
Merchant marine: None (2008) Religions: Muslim (mostly Sunni) 91%, Serbian
Orthodox 5.5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Protestant 0.5% (2006)
note: ethnic Serb population largely Serbian Orthodox

International Organizations/Treaties: IBRD, ICSID, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITUC, MIGA, UNPO, WFTU;
Organizations Participating in UNMIK: CE, CEFTA, EU, IBRD, IMF, IOM, OSCE, UN, UNDP, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIDO, UPU

Kosovo Index Chronology

c.1092 Part of Serbia. 28 Jun 1389                Part of Ottoman Empire (part of vilayet of Skopje    [see under Macedonia]).
1868                       Separate vilayet (province) of Prizren created.
1877                       Separate vilayet of Kosovo created.
10 Jun 1878 - Apr 1881     Albanian rebellion under the League of Prizren.
21 Nov 1912 - 10 Apr 1913 Part of independent Albania.
10 Apr 1913                Incorporated into Serbia (then from 1 Dec 1918    Yugoslavia).
1918 - 1924                Ethnic Albanians organize a resistance movement (Committeefor the National Defense of Kosova).
4 Oct 1929                Part of Banovina of Vardar (see Macedonia).
17 Apr 1941                Occupied by Italy.
29 Jun 1941 - 19 Nov 1944 Annexed to Italian administered Albania.
11 Sep 1943 - 19 Nov 1944 Occupied by Germany.
19 Nov 1944                Re-incorporated into Yugoslavia.
Jul 1945                   Autonomous Kosovo-Metohija District.
7 Apr 1963                Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija
Jan 1969 Administrative autonomy. 21 Feb 1974            Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo
5 Jul 1989                Serbian government revokes autonomy.
15 Jul 1990                Kosovo declares separation from Serbia, but not
                             Yugoslavia (not recognized).28 Sep 1990                Autonomous Province of Kosovo-Metohija
19 Oct 1991 - 1 Feb 2000 Kosovo declares independence (Republic of Kosova)
                             not internationally recognized.
12 Jun 1999 - Kosovo under foreign occupation and United Nations    administration. 17 Feb 2008      Independencedeclared (Republic of Kosovo) winning limied international recognition    (not recognized by Serbia or Russia).

Kosovo
Serbian Autonomous
Province
(1943-2008)

Republic of Kosova
(1990-2000)

Serbian National Council of Kosovo and Metohija
(1999-2008)

Diplomatic
Recognition List

Historical Maps
of Yugoslavia

UN Administrators (heads of United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo [UNMIK]
and 15 Dec 1999 - 2002 Presidents of Temporary Administrative Council of Kosovo)
13 Jun 1999 - 15 Jul 1999 Sérgio Vieira de Mello (Brazil)   (b. 1948 - d. 2003)
                             (acting)
15 Jul 1999 - 15 Jan 2001 Bernard Kouchner (France)         (b. 1939)
15 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001 Hans Hækkerup (Denmark)           (b. 1945)
1 Jan 2002 - 14 Feb 2002 Charles H. Brayshaw (U.S.)        (b. 1942)
                             (1st time) (acting)
14 Feb 2002 - 8 Jul 2003 Michael Steiner (Germany)         (b. 1949)
8 Jul 2003 - 25 Aug 2003 Charles H. Brayshaw (U.S.)        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
25 Aug 2003 - 11 Jun 2004 Harri Holkeri (Finland)           (b. 1937)
11 Jun 2004 - 16 Aug 2004 Charles H. Brayshaw (U.S.)        (s.a.)
                             (3rd time) (acting)
16 Aug 2004 - 30 Jun 2006 Søren Jessen-Petersen (Denmark)   (b. 1945)
30 Jun 2006 - 31 Aug 2006 Steven Paul Schook (U.S.)(acting) (b. 1953) 1 Sep 2006 - 20 Jun 2008 Joachim Rücker (Germany)          (b. 1951) 20 Jun 2008 -    Lamberto Zannier (Italy)    (b. 1954)

European Union Special Envoy and (from 28 Feb 2008) International Civil Representative 20 Feb 2008 - Pieter C. Feith (Netherlands)    (b. 1945)
Walis (governors) of Prizren
Jul 1869 - Jan 1871 Ismail Rahmi Pasha (b. 1806 - d. 1875)
TepedelenlizadeJan 1871 - Nov 1871    Safvet Pasha Tatar    (d. 1895)Nov 1871 - Aug 1872    Galib Pasha SariAug 1872 - Apr 1873    Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha (b. 1836 - d. 1912)Apr 1873 - May 1873    Mehmed Akif Pasha Arnavud (b. 1822 - d. 1893) Kalkandelenli May 1873 - Apr 1874    Hüseyin Hüsnü Pasha (d. 1877)
1874 - 1877 ....Walis (governors) ofKosovoFeb 1877 - Jun 1878 Halil Rifat Pasha (b. 1827 - d. 1901)Jun 1878 - Dec 1879 Mehmed Nazif Pasha Manastirli (b. 1832 - d. 1889)Dec 1879 - Aug 1880 Hüseyin Fikri Pasha (d. 1888)Aug 1880 - Jun 1881    Osman Nuri Pasha Potirikli Jun 1881 - Jul 1883    Ahmed Hifzi Pasha (b. 1832 - d. 1900)Jul 1883 - Oct 1885 Abdi PashaOct 1885 - Oct 1889 Mehmed Faik Pasha Selanikli (b. 1838 - d. 1908) Oct 1889 - Dec 1890 Ahmed Eyyub Pasha (b. 1833 - d. 1894)Dec 1890 - Jun 1891 Abdülkadir Kemali Pasha (d. 1892)Jun 1891 - Jul 1892    Mehmed Shakir Pasha (d. 1898)Jul 1892 - Dec 1893    Edhem PashaDec 1893 - Apr 1900    Hafiz Mehmed Pasha Erzurumlu (b. 1847 - d. 1903) (1st time) Apr 1900 - Jan 1903 Mehmed Reshad Bey Jan 1903 - Apr 1903   Hafiz Mehmed Pasha Erzurumlu    (s.a.) (2nd time)Apr 1903 - Apr 1905 Shakir PashaApr 1905 - Aug 1908 Mahmud Shevket Pasha (b. 1856 - d. 1913)Aug 1908 - May 1909 Mehmed Hadi Pasha Bagdadli (b. 1861 - d. 1932)May 1909 - Aug 1909    Hüseyin Hüsnü Pasha (b. 1856 - d. 1926)Aug 1909 - Nov 1910 Ali Mazhar BeyNov 1910 - Nov 1911    Halil BeyNov 1911 - Aug 1912    Mazhar Bey Aug 1912 Ali Galib Pasha Müstedami (b. 1863 - d. 1918)
President of the Constituent Assembly of the League of Prizren
1878                       Abdyl Bej Frashëri                (b. 1839 - d. 1892)
Presidents of the General Council of the League of Prizren
(possibly incomplete)
10 Jun 1878 - 1879         Abdyl Bej Frashëri                (s.a.)
1879 - 1880                M. Tetova
1880 - 1881                Omer Arta
President of the Provisional Government
1880 - Apr 1881            Ymer Bej Prizreni                 (b. 1826 - d. 1886)
Chairman of the Committee for the National Defense of Kosovo
1918 - 1924?               Kadri Hoxha (in Shkodër, Albania)
Civil Commissioner
29 Jun 1941 - 3 Dec 1941 Fevzi Bej Alizoti                 (b. 1876 - d. 1945) Speaker of the Parliament
10 Dec 2001 - 4 Mar 2002 Nexhat Daci                       (b. 1944)           LDK
Presidents
4 Mar 2002 - 21 Jan 2006 Ibrahim Rugova                    (b. 1944 - d. 2006) LDK
21 Jan 2006 - 10 Feb 2006 Nexhat Daci (acting)              (s.a.)              LDK
10 Feb 2006 -              Fatmir Sejdiu                     (b. 1951)          LDK

Prime ministers 4 Mar 2002 - 3 Dec 2004 Bajram Rexhepi (b. 1954) PDK 3 Dec 2004 - 8 Mar 2005 Ramush Haradinaj (b. 1968) AAK/AQK 8 Mar 2005 - 23 Mar 2005 Adem Salihaj (acting) (b. 1950) LDK23 Mar 2005 - 10 Mar 2006 Bajram Kosumi (b. 1960) AAK/PPK10 Mar 2006 - 9 Jan 2008 Agim Çeku (b. 1960) Non-party
9 Jan 2008 - Hashim Thaçi (b. 1969) PDK

[NATO Kosovo Force - KFOR flag 1999-2008]

1999 - 2008 KFOR flag

Adopted 2008 KFOR flag

Military Commanders of the NATO Kosovo Force (KFOR)
12 Jun 1999 - 8 Oct 1999 Sir Michael Jackson (U.K.)        (b. 1944)
8 Oct 1999 - 18 Apr 2000 Klaus Reinhardt (Germany)         (b. 1941)
18 Apr 2000 - 16 Oct 2000 Juan Ortuño Such (Spain)          (b. 1940)
16 Oct 2000 - 6 Apr 2001 Carlo Cabigiosu (Italy)           (b. 1939)
6 Apr 2001 - 3 Oct 2001 Thorsten Skiaker (Norway)         (b. 1947)
3 Oct 2001 - 4 Oct 2002 Marcel M. Valentin (France)       (b. 1946)
4 Oct 2002 - 5 Oct 2003 Fabio Minni (Italy)               (b. 1942)
5 Oct 2003 - 1 Sep 2004 Holger Kammerhorf (Germany)       (b. 1945)
1 Sep 2004 - 1 Sep 2005 Yves de Kermabon (France)         (b. 1948)
1 Sep 2005 - 1 Sep 2006 Giuseppe Valotto (Italy)          (b. 1946)
1 Sep 2006 - 31 Aug 2007 Roland Kather (Germany)           (b. 1949) 31 Aug 2007 - 29 Aug 2008 Xavier Bout de Marnhac(France) (b. 1951) 29 Aug 2008 - 8 Sep 2009 Giuseppe Emilio Gay (Itay) (b. 1950) 8 Sep 2009 - Markus J. Bentler (Germany) (b. 1953)

Alternative government: Republic of Kosovo

Albanian flag
7 Sep 1990 - 1 Feb 2000

Flag of Dardania
29 Oct 2000 - 21 Jan 2006 Unofficial

7 Sep 1990                Self-proclaimed Republic of Kosovo within Yugoslavia,
                             but separate from Serbia (not recognized).
19 Oct 1991                Kosovo declares its independence from Yugoslavia
                             (Republic of Kosovo [Albanian: Kosova]), not recognized.
12 Jun 1999              Kosovo under foreign occupation (UN administration; see above).
1 Feb 2000                International administration recognized.

President
25 May 1992 - 1 Feb 2000 Ibrahim Rugova                    (b. 1944 - d. 2006) LDK
                           (5 May - 30 Jul 1999 in Italy exile)

Prime Ministers
7 Sep 1990 - 5 Oct 1991 Jusuf Zejnullahu                  (b. 1943?)           LDK
5 Oct 1991 - 1 Feb 2000 Bujar Bukoshi                     (b. 1947)            LDK
                           (to 19 Oct 1991 Chairman of the government;
                           1993 - Jun 1999 in Bonn, Germany exile)
2 Apr 1999 - 1 Feb 2000 Hashim Thaçi (provisional)        (b. 1969)           KLA;1999 PPDK
                             (in opposition)

Alternative government: Serbian National Council of Kosovo and Metohija

24 Oct 1999                Serbian National Council of Kosovo and Metohija formed;
                             in opposition to NATO 'occupation' and local Albanian
                             government.

Presidents of the Council24 Oct 1999 - 3 Mar 2004 Bishop Artemije (b. 1935) Non-party 3 Mar 2004 - 3 Sep 2006 Rada Trajkovic (f) (acting) (b. 1953)

3 Sep 2006 - Dragan Velic (b. 1958) SPS

Presidents of the Executive Board24 Oct 1999 - 18 Jul 2000 Momcilo Trajkovic (s.a.) SPO18 Jul 2000 - 18 Jan 2002 Dusan Ristic (b. 1928 - d. 2002)2002 - 3 Sep 2006 Dragan Velic (s.a.) SPS 3 Sep 2006 - Rada Trajkovic (f) (s.a.)

President of Assembly of the Community of the Municipalities of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija28 Jun 2008 - Radovan Nicic (b. 1971) SRS

Territorial Disputes: Serbia with Russia and several other states protest the U.S. and 68 other nations' recognition of Kosovo's declaring itself an independent state on 17 Feb 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; several thousand NATO-led KFOR peacekeepers under UNMIK authority continue to keep the peace within Kosovo between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority in Kosovo; Kosovo and Macedonia completed demarcation of their boundary in Sep 2008.

Party abbreviations: AAK = Aleanca për Ardhmërinë e Kosovës (Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, coalition AQK, PPK, others); AQK = Aleanca Qytetare e Kosovës (Civic Alliance of Kosovo); LDK = Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës (Democratic League of Kosovo, social democratic, Albanian centerist, est.23 Dec 1989); PDK = Partia Demokratike e Kosovës (Democratic Party of Kosovo, Albanian nationalist, former PPDK, pro-independence, est.2000);PPK = Partia Parlamentare e Kosovës (Parliamentary Party of Kosovo, est.1993); SPO = Srpski Pokret Otpora (Serbian Resistance Movement); SPS = Socijalisticka Partija Srbije (Socialist Party of Serbia, socialist, authoritarian 1990-2000, former Communist Party); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: KLA = Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës (Kosovo Liberation Army (armed separatist, Albanian nationalist, disbanded 8 May 1999); KPK = Komunisticka Partija Kosova i Metohija (Communist Party of Kosovo and Metohija, from 1952 renamed SKV); PPDK = Party for the Democratic Progress of Kosovo 8 May 1999-21 May 2000], separatist, former KLA, then PDK);
SKK = Savez Komunista Kosovo [i Metohija] (League of Communists of Kosovo [1944-68 and Metohija], 1952-1990)

Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo (from 1990, Autonomous Province of Kosovo-Metohija)


1946 - 5 Jul 1989 Unofficial
Albanian Ethincal Community Flag

Jul 1945 Autonomous Kosovo-Metohija District. 7 Apr 1963 Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija Jan 1969 Administrative autonomy. 21 Feb 1974 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo 5 Jul 1989 Serbian government revokes autonomy. 15 Jul 1990 Kosovo declares separation from Serbia, but not Yugoslavia (not recognized).28 Sep 1990 Autonomous Province of Kosovo-Metohija

Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (from 1952, League of Communists) Sep 1944 - Mar 1945 Miladin Popovic (b. 1910 - d. 1945) Mar 1945 - Feb 1956 Djordjije "Djoka" Pajkovic (b. 1917 - d. 1980) Feb 1956 - 1965 Dusan Mugosa (b. 1914 - d. 1973) 1965 - 28 Jun 1971 Velli Deva (1st time) (b. 1923) 28 Jun 1971 - 6 May 1981 Mahmut Bakalli (b. 1936 - d. 2006) 6 May 1981 - Jun 1982 Velli Deva (2nd time) (s.a.) Jun 1982 - May 1983 Sinan Hasani (b. 1922 - d. 2010) May 1983 - Mar 1984 Ilaz Kurteshi (b. 1927) Mar 1984 - May 1985 Svetislav Dolasevic May 1985 - May 1986 Kolë Shiroka (b. 1922 - d. ....) May 1986 - 1986 Azem Vllasi (b. 1948) 1988 - 17 Nov 1988 Kaqusha Jashari (f) (b. 1945?) 17 Nov 1988 - 27 Jan 1989 Remzi Kolgeci (acting) 27 Jan 1989 - 12 Oct 1990 Rahman Morina (b. 1943 - d. 1990)

President of the Second League of Prizren
Sep 1943 - 1944            Xhafer Deva                       (b. 1905 - d. 1978)
Chairman of the People's Liberation Committee
1 Jan 1944 - 11 Jul 1945 Mehmed Hoxha                      (b. 1908)            KPK
Presidents of the Assembly
11 Jul 1945 - 20 Feb 1953 Fadil Hoxha (1st time)            (b. 1916 - d. 2001) KPK;1952 SKK
20 Feb 1953 - 12 Dec 1953 Ismet Saqiri                      (b. 1918)            SKK
12 Dec 1953 - 5 May 1956 Djordjije "Djoka" Pajkovic        (s.a.)               SKK
5 May 1956 - 4 Apr 1960 Pavle Jovicevic                   (b. 1910 - d. 1985) SKK
4 Apr 1960 - 18 Jun 1963 Dusan Mugosa                      (s.a.)               SKK
18 Jun 1963 - 24 Jun 1967 Stanoje Aksic                     (b. 1921 - d. 1970) SKK
24 Jun 1967 - 7 May 1969 Fadil Hoxha (2nd time)            (s.a.)               SKK
7 May 1969 - May 1974     Ilaz Kurteshi                     (s.a.)               SKK
Presidents of the Presidency
May 1974 - 5 Aug 1981     Xhavid Nimani                     (b. 1919 - d. 2000) SKK
5 Aug 1981 - 1982         Ali Shukri                        (b. 1919 - d. 2005) SKK
1982 - May 1983            Kolë Shiroka                      (s.a.)               SKK
May 1983 - May 1985        Shefqet Nebih Gashi               (b. 1927)            SKK
May 1985 - May 1986        Branislav Skembarevic             (b. 1920 - d. 2003) SKK
May 1986 - May 1988        Bajram Selani                                          SKK
May 1988 - 5 Apr 1989     Remzi Kolgeci                                          SKK
5 Apr 1989 - 27 Jun 1989 .... (acting)
27 Jun 1989 - 11 Apr 1990 Hysen Kajdomçaj                                        SKK
Provincial Coordinator
11 Apr 1990 - 1991         Momcilo Trajkovic                 (b. 1950)            SPS
Mayors of Pristina
1991 - 1992                Zivojin Mitrovic                  (b. 1950)            SPS
1992                       Novica Sojevic                    (b. 1940)            SPS
Prefects of Kosovo district 1992 - 1994                Milos Simovic                                          SPS 1994 - 1996                Aleksa Jokic                      (b. 1950)            SPS 1996 - 1998                Milos Nesovic                     (b. 1937)            SPS 1998 - 1999                Veljko Odalovic (1st time)        (b. 1956)            SPS 1999 - 2000                Andreja Milosavljevic             (b. 1936)            SPS 2000 - 2001                Veljko Odalovic (2nd time)        (s.a.)               SPS 12 Apr 2001 - 6 Dec 2001 Jovica Filipovic                  (b. 1963)            SPS 6 Dec 2001 - 28 Sep 2004 Dragan Velic                      (b. 1958)            SPS

28 Sep 2004 - 8 Dec 2007 Srdjan Vasic (b. 1960) SPS

13 Dec 2007 - Goran Arsic DS

Ministers for Kosovo and Metohija (in government of Serbia) 15 May 2007 - 7 Jul 2008 Slobodan Samardzic (b. 1953) DSS

7 Jul 2008 - Goran Bogdanovic (b. 1963) DS

Chairman of the Executive Council of the People's Committee 1945 - 1953 Fadil Hoxha (s.a.) KPK;1952 SKK Chairmen of the Executive Council 1953 - 1963 Fadil Hoxha (s.a.) SKK 1963 - May 1967 Ali Shukri (s.a.) SKK May 1967 - May 1974 Ilija Vakic (b. 1932) SKK May 1974 - May 1978 Bogoljub Nedeljkovic (b. 1920) SKK May 1978 - May 1980 Bahri Oruçi (b. 1930) SKK May 1980 - May 1982 Riza Sapunxhiu (b. 1925 - d. 2008) SKK May 1982 - 5 May 1984 Imer Pula (b. 1921) SKK 5 May 1984 - May 1986 Ljubomir Nedjo Borkovic (b. 1926) SKK May 1986 - 1987 Namzi Mustafa (b. 1941) SKK 1987 - May 1989 Kaqusha Jashari (f) (s.a.) SKK May 1989 - 1989 Nikolla Shkreli SKK 1989 Daut Jashanica (b. 1948) SKK 4 Dec 1989 - 5 Jul 1990 Jusuf Zejnullahu (b. 1943?) LDK 5 Jul 1990 - 28 Sep 1998 Post abolished

Chairman of the Temporary Executive Council

28 Sep 1998 - 7 Mar 2002 Zoran Andjelkovic (b. 1958) SPS

Party abbreviations: DS = Demokratska Stranka (Democratic Party, 1919-45, re-est. 3 Feb 1990, centerist);DSS = Demokratska Stranka Srbije (Democratic Party of Serbia, founded by splinters of DS on 26 Jul 1992, conservative);LDK = Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës (Democratic League of Kosovo, social democratic, Albanian centerist, est.23 Dec 1989);SPS = Socijalisticka Partija Srbije (Socialist Party of Serbia, socialist, authoritarian 1990-2000, former Communist Party); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: KPS = Komunisticka Partija Srbije (Communist Party of Serbia, 1952 renamed SKS); SKS = Savez Komunista Srbije (League of Communists of Serbia, to 1952 KPS); SKK = Savez Komunista Kosovo [i Metohija] (League of Communists of Kosovo [1944-68 and Metohija], 1952-1990)