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U.S. States O-R

States: Ohio (OH) - Oklahoma (OK) - Oregon (OR) - Pennsylvania (PA) - Rhode Island (RI) -

Party abbreviations: Dem= Democratic Party (liberal, center-left, former D-R, est.1829);Ind = Independent;Rep= Republican Party (conservative, center-right, est.1854);Mil= Military; - Former parties: AMP= Anti-Masonic Party (anti-Free Masonry, anti-Jacksonian, 1828-1840, merged into Whg);AP= American Party (informally called Know-Nothing Party, anti-immigrant, anti-Roman Catholic, Unionist, 1853-1860);CtyP= Country Party (or Radical Country Party, Rhode Island regionalist, anti-Federalist, agrarian, fiat currency, 1786-1805);D-R= Democratic-Republican Party (pro-states rights, anti-Federalist, 1794-1829, merged into Dem);DFS= Democratic Free Soil Party (anti-slavery, opposed extension of slavery into the west, split from Whg, 1848-1854, merged into Rep);Fed= Federalist Party (conservative, federalist, 1792-1824, merged into N-R);F-R= Federalist-Republican Party;LoP= Law and Order Party of Rhode Island (Rhode Island regionalist, anti-Dorr, split from Whg, 1842-1847, merged into Whg);N-R= National Republican Party (anti-Jacksonian, nationalist, split from D-R, 1824-1834, merged into Whg); Pop = People's (Populist) Party (agrarian, populist, left wing, merger of Farmers' Alliance and Greenback Party, 1892-1909, merged into Dem); RISP = Rhode Island Suffrage Party (Rhode Island People's Party, favored universal male suffrage,1840-1842);Uni= Union Party (or Constitutional Union Party, formed chiefly by remnants of the AP and Southern Whigs, May 1860-1861);Whg= Whig Party (economic nationalist, protectionist, anti-Jacksonian, 1833-1860)

Ohio

[Flag of State
of Ohio (U.S.)]
Adopted 9 May 1902

Map of Ohio	Hear State Song "Beautiful Ohio"	Text of State Song Adopted 14 Oct 1969/ 6 Nov 1989	State Constitution (1 Sep 1851)
Capital: Columbus (Marietta 9 Jul 1788-1801; Chillicothe 1 Mar 1801-1810, 1812-16; Zanesville 1810-1812)	Motto: With God, all things are possible.	Nickname: Buckeye State	Population: 11,799,448 (2020)

Mayors of Akron	Chronology `22 Jun 1774 Part of Quebec.` `3 Sep 1783 Ceded to the United States by the U.K.` `1 Mar 1784 Claims relinquished by Virginia to the U.S.` `13 Sep 1786 - 30 May 1800 The Western Reserve (3,366,921 acre tract of land` `in Northeast Ohio, on the southern shore of` `Lake Erie, with a seat at Warren) administered` `by Connecticut under the Connecticut Land` `Company (as Connecticut Western Reserve), after` `the state had ceded the rest of its Ohio claims` `to the U.S.` `13 Jul 1787 "An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory` `of the United States, North-West of the River` `Ohio" (Northwest Ordinance) enacted.` `9 Jul 1788 Territory Northwest of the River Ohio` `(in short: Northwest Territory) created.` `1 Mar 1803 State of Ohio`
Mayors of Cincinnati
Mayors of Cleveland
Mayors of Columbus
Mayors of Toledo

Governors
9 Jul 1788 - 14 Dec 1802 Arthur St. Clair                   (b. 1736 - d. 1818) Fed
14 Dec 1802 - 3 Mar 1803 Charles Willing Byrd (acting)      (b. 1770 - d. 1828) D-R
3 Mar 1803 - 4 Mar 1807 Edward Tiffin                      (b. 1766 - d. 1829) D-R
4 Mar 1807 - 12 Dec 1808 Thomas Kirker (acting)             (b. 1760 - d. 1837) D-R
12 Dec 1808 - 8 Dec 1810 Samuel H. Huntington               (b. 1765 - d. 1817) D-R
8 Dec 1810 - 24 Mar 1814 Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr.         (b. 1765 - d. 1824) D-R
24 Mar 1814 - 8 Dec 1814 Othneil Looker (acting)            (b. 1757 - d. 1845) D-R
8 Dec 1814 - 14 Dec 1818 Thomas Worthington                 (b. 1773 - d. 1827) D-R
14 Dec 1818 - 4 Jan 1822 Ethan Allan Brown                  (b. 1776 - d. 1852) D-R
4 Jan 1822 - 28 Dec 1822 Allen Trimble (1st time)           (b. 1783 - d. 1870) D-R
                             (acting)
28 Dec 1822 - 19 Dec 1826 Jeremiah Morrow                    (b. 1771 - d. 1852) D-R
19 Dec 1826 - 18 Dec 1830 Allen Trimble (2nd time)           (s.a.)               N-R
18 Dec 1830 - 7 Dec 1832 Duncan McArthur                    (b. 1772 - d. 1839) N-R
7 Dec 1832 - 12 Dec 1836 Robert Lucas                       (b. 1781 - d. 1853) Dem
12 Dec 1836 - 13 Dec 1838 Joseph Vance                       (b. 1786 - d. 1852) Whg
13 Dec 1838 - 16 Dec 1840 Wilson Shannon (1st time)          (b. 1802 - d. 1865) Dem
16 Dec 1840 - 14 Dec 1842 Thomas Corwin                      (b. 1794 - d. 1865) Whg
14 Dec 1842 - 15 Apr 1844 Wilson Shannon (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Dem
15 Apr 1844 - 3 Dec 1844 Thomas Welles Bartley (acting)     (b. 1812 - d. 1885) Dem
3 Dec 1844 - 12 Dec 1846 Mordecai Bartley                   (b. 1783 - d. 1870) Whg
12 Dec 1846 - 22 Jan 1849 William Bebb                       (b. 1801 - d. 1873) Whg
22 Jan 1849 - 12 Dec 1850 Seabury Ford                       (b. 1801 - d. 1855) Whg
12 Dec 1850 - 13 Jul 1853 Reuben Wood                        (b. 1792 - d. 1864) Dem
13 Jul 1853 - 14 Jan 1856 William Medill                     (b. 1802 - d. 1865) Dem
                             (acting to 9 Jan 1854)
14 Jan 1856 - 9 Jan 1860 Salmon Portland Chase              (b. 1808 - d. 1873) Rep
9 Jan 1860 - 13 Jan 1862 William Dennison, Jr.              (b. 1815 - d. 1882) Rep
13 Jan 1862 - 11 Jan 1864 David Tod                          (b. 1805 - d. 1868) Uni
11 Jan 1864 - 29 Aug 1865 John Brough                        (b. 1811 - d. 1865) Uni
29 Aug 1865 - 8 Jan 1866 Charles Anderson (acting)          (b. 1814 - d. 1895) Rep
8 Jan 1866 - 13 Jan 1868 Jacob Dolson Cox                   (b. 1828 - d. 1900) Rep
13 Jan 1868 - 8 Jan 1872 Rutherford Birchard Hayes          (b. 1822 - d. 1893) Rep
                             (1st time)
8 Jan 1872 - 12 Jan 1874 Edward Follansbee Noyes            (b. 1832 - d. 1890) Rep
12 Jan 1874 - 10 Jan 1876 William Allen                      (b. 1803 - d. 1879) Dem
10 Jan 1876 - 2 Mar 1877 Rutherford Birchard Hayes          (s.a.)               Rep
                             (2nd time)
2 Mar 1877 - 14 Jan 1878 Thomas Lowry Young (acting)        (b. 1832 - d. 1888) Rep
14 Jan 1878 - 12 Jan 1880 Richard Moore Bishop               (b. 1812 - d. 1893) Dem
12 Jan 1880 - 14 Jan 1884 Charles Foster                     (b. 1828 - d. 1904) Rep
14 Jan 1884 - 11 Jan 1886 George Hoadly                      (b. 1826 - d. 1902) Dem
11 Jan 1886 - 13 Jan 1890 Joseph Benson Foraker              (b. 1846 - d. 1917) Rep
13 Jan 1890 - 11 Jan 1892 James Edwin Campbell               (b. 1843 - d. 1924) Dem
11 Jan 1892 - 13 Jan 1896 William McKinley                   (b. 1843 - d. 1901) Rep
13 Jan 1896 - 8 Jan 1900 Asa Smith Bushnell                 (b. 1834 - d. 1904) Rep
8 Jan 1900 - 11 Jan 1904 George Kilborn Nash                (b. 1842 - d. 1904) Rep
11 Jan 1904 - 8 Jan 1906 Myron Timothy Herrick              (b. 1854 - d. 1929) Rep
8 Jan 1906 - 18 Jun 1906 John M. Pattison                   (b. 1847 - d. 1906) Dem
18 Jun 1906 - 11 Jan 1909 Andrew Linter Harris (acting)      (b. 1835 - d. 1915) Rep
11 Jan 1909 - 13 Jan 1913 Judson Harmon                      (b. 1846 - d. 1927) Dem
13 Jan 1913 - 11 Jan 1915 James Middleton Cox (1st time)     (b. 1870 - d. 1957) Dem
11 Jan 1915 - 8 Jan 1917 Frank Bartlett Willis              (b. 1871 - d. 1928) Rep
8 Jan 1917 - 10 Jan 1921 James Middleton Cox (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Dem
10 Jan 1921 - 8 Jan 1923 Harry Lyman Davis                  (b. 1878 - d. 1950) Rep
8 Jan 1923 - 14 Jan 1929 Alvin Victor Donahey               (b. 1873 - d. 1946) Dem
14 Jan 1929 - 12 Jan 1931 Myers Young Cooper                 (b. 1873 - d. 1958) Rep
12 Jan 1931 - 14 Jan 1935 George White                       (b. 1872 - d. 1953) Dem
14 Jan 1935 - 9 Jan 1939 Martin Luther Davey                (b. 1884 - d. 1946) Dem
9 Jan 1939 - 8 Jan 1945 John William Bricker               (b. 1893 - d. 1986) Rep
8 Jan 1945 - 13 Jan 1947 Frank John Lausche (1st time)      (b. 1895 - d. 1990) Dem
13 Jan 1947 - 10 Jan 1949 Thomas John Herbert                (b. 1894 - d. 1974) Rep
10 Jan 1949 - 3 Jan 1957 Frank John Lausche (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Dem
3 Jan 1957 - 14 Jan 1957 John William Brown                 (b. 1913 - d. 1993) Rep
14 Jan 1957 - 12 Jan 1959 Crone William O'Neill              (b. 1916 - d. 1978) Rep
12 Jan 1959 - 14 Jan 1963 Michael Vincent DiSalle            (b. 1908 - d. 1981) Dem
14 Jan 1963 - 11 Jan 1971 James Allan Rhodes (1st time)      (b. 1909 - d. 2001) Rep
11 Jan 1971 - 13 Jan 1975 John Joyce Gilligan                (b. 1921 - d. 2013) Dem
13 Jan 1975 - 10 Jan 1983 James Allan Rhodes (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Rep
10 Jan 1983 - 14 Jan 1991 Richard "Dick" Frank Celeste      (b. 1937)            Dem
14 Jan 1991 - 31 Dec 1998 George Victor Voinovich            (b. 1936 - d. 2016) Rep31 Dec 1998 - 11 Jan 1999 Nancy Putnam Hollister (f)         (b. 1949)            Rep11 Jan 1999 -  8 Jan 2007 Robert "Bob" Alphonso Taft III     (b. 1942)            Rep 8 Jan 2007 - 10 Jan 2011 Theodore "Ted" Strickland          (b. 1941)            Dem10 Jan 2011 - 14 Jan 2019 John Richard Kasich    (b. 1952)    Rep 14 Jan 2019 -              Richard Michael "Mike" DeWine      (b. 1947)    Rep

Oklahoma


2 Mar 1911 - 2 Apr 1925


2 Apr 1925 - 9 May 1941


Adopted 9 May 1941

Map of Oklahoma	Hear State Song "Oklahoma!"	Text of State Song Adopted 11 Mar 1953	State Constitution (16 Nov 1907)
Capital: Oklahoma City (Guthrie 2 May 1890- 1 Jun 1910)	Motto: Labor omnia vincit (Labor conquers all things)	Nickname: The Sooner State	Population: 3,959,353 (2020)

Mayors of Oklahoma City	Chronology `26 Mar 1804 Part ofLouisianaTerritory.` `7 Dec 1812 Part ofMissouriTerritory.` `2 Mar 1819 Area south of 36.5° part ofArkansasTerritory` `26 May 1828 Unorganized territory.` `28 May 1830 Settlement of "Five Civilized Nations" begun` `under the Indian Removal Act.` `30 Jun 1834 An Indian territory set aside (also included` `Kansas to 1854).` `30 May 1854 Officially named Indian Territory.` `8 Feb 1860 - 16 Mar 1896 Greer County claimed by Texas.` `1879 - 1889 Bands of migrants - the so-called "Boomers"` `- try to settle the area.` `22 Apr 1889 Unassigned lands formally opened to settlement.` `2 May 1890 Oklahoma Territory separated from the Indian` `Territory.` `16 Mar 1896 Greer county is confirmed as part of Indian` `Territory by the U.S. Supreme Court.` `24 Apr 1906 End of sovereign rights of the Five Nations.` `16 Nov 1907 Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory` `united as the State of Oklahoma.`
Mayors of Tulsa
Public Land Strip (1850-1890)
Five Indian Nations (1828-1906)
Map of Indian Territory
Historical Maps of Oklahoma

Governors
2 May 1890 - 18 Oct 1891 George Washington Steele           (b. 1839 - d. 1922) Rep
18 Oct 1891 - 1 Feb 1892 Robert Martin                      (b. 1833 - d. 1897) Rep
1 Feb 1892 - 7 May 1893 Abraham Jefferson Seay             (b. 1832 - d. 1915) Rep
7 May 1893 - 24 May 1897 William Cary Renfrow               (b. 1845 - d. 1922) Dem
24 May 1897 - 20 Apr 1901 Cassius McDonald Barnes            (b. 1845 - d. 1925) Rep
20 Apr 1901 - 30 Nov 1901 William Miller Jenkins             (b. 1856 - d. 1941) Rep
30 Nov 1901 - 9 Dec 1901 William C. Grimes                  (b. 1857 - d. 1931) Rep
9 Dec 1901 - 5 Jan 1906 Thompson Benton Ferguson           (b. 1857 - d. 1921) Rep
5 Jan 1906 - 16 Nov 1907 Frank Frantz                       (b. 1872 - d. 1941) Rep
16 Nov 1907 - 9 Jan 1911 Charles Nathaniel Haskell          (b. 1861 - d. 1933) Dem
9 Jan 1911 - 11 Jan 1915 Lee Cruce                          (b. 1863 - d. 1933) Dem
11 Jan 1915 - 13 Jan 1919 Robert Lee Williams                (b. 1868 - d. 1948) Dem
13 Jan 1919 - 8 Jan 1923 James Brooks Ayers Robertson       (b. 1871 - d. 1938) Dem
8 Jan 1923 - 19 Nov 1923 John Callaway Walton               (b. 1881 - d. 1949) Dem
19 Nov 1923 - 10 Jan 1927 Martin Edwin Trapp                 (b. 1877 - d. 1951) Dem
10 Jan 1927 - 20 Mar 1929 Henry Simpson Johnston             (b. 1867 - d. 1965) Dem
20 Mar 1929 - 1 Jan 1931 William Judson Holloway            (b. 1888 - d. 1970) Dem
1 Jan 1931 - 14 Jan 1935 William Henry Murray               (b. 1869 - d. 1956) Dem
14 Jan 1935 - 9 Jan 1939 Ernest Whitworth Marland           (b. 1874 - d. 1941) Dem
9 Jan 1939 - 11 Jan 1943 Leon Chase Phillips                (b. 1890 - d. 1958) Dem
11 Jan 1943 - 13 Jan 1947 Robert Samuel Kerr                 (b. 1896 - d. 1963) Dem
13 Jan 1947 - 8 Jan 1951 Roy Joseph Turner                  (b. 1894 - d. 1973) Dem
8 Jan 1951 - 10 Jan 1955 Johnston Murray                    (b. 1902 - d. 1974) Dem
10 Jan 1955 - 12 Jan 1959 Raymond D. Gary                    (b. 1908 - d. 1993) Dem
12 Jan 1959 - 6 Jan 1963 James Howard Edmondson             (b. 1925 - d. 1971) Dem
6 Jan 1963 - 14 Jan 1963 George Patterson Nigh (1st time)   (b. 1927)            Dem
14 Jan 1963 - 9 Jan 1967 Henry Louis Bellmon (1st time)     (b. 1921 - d. 2009) Rep
9 Jan 1967 - 11 Jan 1971 Dewey Follett Bartlett             (b. 1919 - d. 1979) Rep
11 Jan 1971 - 13 Jan 1975 David Hall                         (b. 1930 - d. 2016) Dem
13 Jan 1975 - 3 Jan 1979 David Lyle Boren                   (b. 1941)            Dem
3 Jan 1979 - 12 Jan 1987 George Patterson Nigh (2nd time)   (s.a.)           Dem
12 Jan 1987 - 14 Jan 1991 Henry Louis Bellmon (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Rep
14 Jan 1991 - 9 Jan 1995 David Lee Walters                  (b. 1951)            Dem
9 Jan 1995 - 13 Jan 2003 Frank Anthony Keating              (b. 1944)            Rep
13 Jan 2003 - 10 Jan 2011 C. Brad Henry                      (b. 1963)            Dem10 Jan 2011 - 14 Jan 2019 Mary Fallin (f) (b. 1954)    Rep 14 Jan 2019 -              John Kevin Stitt (b. 1972)    Rep

Public Land Strip

Public Land Strip map

Capital: Beaver City

Population: 2,548 (1890)

25 Nov 1850 Texas joins the Union and agreed not to extend its sovereignty over any territory north of 36 degrees and 30 seconds north. 30 May 1854 Kansas Territory created, its southern boundary was set on the east-west 37th parallel leaving a narrow strip of land about 34 and one-half miles wide, about 168 miles long, between Kansas Territory and the Texas panhandle(from 1880s, informally called "No Man's Land" or "Public Land Strip"), not part of any territory. The area remains unclassified until 1890.c.1880 Settlement begins. 4 Mar 1887 Territory of Cimarron proclaimed (not recognized by U.S.), ceased to operate by the end of 1889. 2 May 1890 Part of Oklahoma Territory (as County Seven, soon renamed Beaver County, forming the panhandle of Oklahoma).

President of the Respective Claims Board16 Oct 1886 - 4 Mar 1887 Owen G. ChasePresident of the Provisional Territorial Council 4 Mar 1887 - 5 Dec 1887 Owen G. Chase Secretaries of the Territorial Council 5 Dec 1887 – 5 Dec 1888 William B. Ogden 5 Dec 1888 – late 1889 Thomas P. Braidwood

The Five Nations of the Indian Territory 1828 - 1906

Map of Indian Territory

Headquarters: Muskogee
(de facto; from 1874,
site of Union Agency)

Population: 392,060 (1900)
(includes 52,500 Indians)

28 May 1830 Settlement of "Five Civilized Nations" (see under the U.S. Native American Nations) begun under the Indian Removal Act, actually from 1828. 30 Jun 1834 An Indian territory set aside (also included Kansasto 1854). 30 May 1854 Officially named Indian Territory. 16 Mar 1861 Confederate Bureau of Indian Affairs established to manage affairs with "Five Civilized Nations." 1861 - 1865 "Five Civilized Nations" allied to the Confederate States. 1866 "Reconstruction" Treaties signed with U.S. 2 May 1890 Oklahoma Territory separated from the Indian Territory. 24 Apr 1906 End of sovereign rights of the Five Nations.

Cherokee Nation


7 Oct 1861 - 23 Jun 1865
Pro-Confederate Cherokee Braves Flag

Capital: Tahlequah
(Tahlonteeskee 1828-1839)

Population: 101,754 (1900)
(includes 25,639 Indians)

1828 Western Cherokee (from 11 Sep 1824, according to their constitution, the Cherokee Nation of the West) moved to reservation in Oklahoma. 1839 Majority of (Eastern) Cherokee moved from the east to Oklahoma, merged withthe Western Cherokee (Act of Union 12 Jul 1839, new constitution 6 Sep 1839). 7 Oct 1861 Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America. 20 Feb 1863 Pro-U.S. faction revokes treaty with the Confederacy. 19 Jul 1866 "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S. Jun 1898 – 1906 Gradual opening of the reservation to the non-Indian settlement (by 3 Mar 1901, all the tribal citizens were granted the U.S. citizenship). 24 Apr 1906 End of national self-government.

Principal chiefs of Western Cherokee 1819 - 28 Dec 1838 John Jolly (Ahuludegi) (b. c.1763 - d. 1838)Dec 1838 – 22 Apr 1839 John Looney (1st time) (b. 1776 - d. 1846)22 Apr 1839 – Jul 1839 John Brown (b. 1751 – d. 1839)Jul 1839 - 11 Oct 1839 John Looney (2nd time) (s.a.) 11 Oct 1839 - 1840 John Rogers (b. 1778 - d. 1846) (in opposition to the merger)Principal Chiefs 2 Oct 1839 - 1 Aug 1866 John Ross (b. 1790 - d. 1866) (principal chief of [Eastern] Cherokee Nation Oct 1828 – Oct 1839; in Kansas exile 3 Aug 1862 - Jun 1865)21 Aug 1862 – 13 Sep 1865 Stand Watie (in rebellion) (b. 1806 - d. 1871) (elected by Confederate Cherokee; from 1863 in exile in Creek country, later in Choctaw country; surrendered to U.S. on 23 Jun 1865)1862 - 1863 Thomas Pegg (acting for Ross) (b. 1806 - d. 1866)1863 – 1864 Smith Christie (acting for Ross) (b. c.1812 - d. 1902)1864 – 1865 Lewis Downing (acting for Ross) (b. 1823 - d. 1872) 1 Aug 1866 - 19 Oct 1866 Lewis Downing (1st time) (acting) (s.a.)19 Oct 1866 - 4 Nov 1867 William Potter Ross (1st time) (b. 1820 - d. 1891) RP 4 Nov 1867 - 9 Nov 1872 Lewis Downing (2nd time) (s.a.) DP10 Nov 1872 Charles Thompson (1st time) (b.bf.1838 - d. 1891)DP (= Oochlata Thompson) (acting)11 Nov 1872 - 1 Nov 1875 William Potter Ross (2nd time) (s.a.) RP 1 Nov 1875 - 3 Nov 1879 Charles Thompson (2nd time) (s.a.) DP 3 Nov 1879 - 1 Aug 1887 Dennis Wolf Bushyhead (b. 1826 - d. 1898) NP (continued until taking of the office by successor) 1 Aug 1887 - 14 Dec 1891 Joel Bryan Mayes (b. 1833 - d. 1891) DP (installed 4 Jan 1888)14 Dec 1891 - 23 Dec 1891 Thomas Mitchell Buffington (b. 1855 - d. 1938) DP (1st time) (acting)23 Dec 1891 - 4 Nov 1895 Colonel Johnson Harris (b. 1856 - d. 1921) DP 4 Nov 1895 - 6 Nov 1899 Samuel Houston Mayes (b. 1845 - d. 1927) DP 6 Nov 1899 - 2 Nov 1903 Thomas Mitchell Buffington (s.a.) DP (2nd time) 2 Nov 1903 - 21 Nov 1905 William Charles Rogers (1st time) (b. 1849 - d. 1917) DP21 Nov 1905 – Jan? 1906 Frank Josiah Boudinot (b. 1866 - d. 1945) NP (not recognized by the U.S.) Jan? 1906 – 24 Apr 1906 William Charles Rogers (2nd time) (s.a.) DP (continues in office to 8 Nov 1917)

Party abbreviations (to 1906): RP= Ross Party (informal, 1866–1879, former northerners, becomes NP);DP= Downing Party (informal 1866–1879, former southerners, reorganized 1883, afterwards considered progressive);NP= National Party (conservative, former RP, 1879-c.1906)

Chickasaw Nation

Capital: Tishomingo
(Fort Washita 1842-1856)

Population: 139,260 (1900)
(includes 5,872 Indians)

17 Jan 1837 - 22 Jun 1855 Component part (Chickasaw District) of the Choctaw Nation by treaty (theChoctaw constitution accordingly amended 3 Oct 1838), but practically remains separate tribe (13 Oct 1848 the constitution of the Chickasaw People adopted). 1837 Chickasaw moved from Mississippi to Oklahoma. 30 Aug 1856 Constitution of the Chickasaw Nation adopted (second constitution 16 Aug 1867), independence and land purchase from the Choctaw effective. 1 Jul 1861 - 1865 Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America 14 Jul 1865 Surrendered to the U.S. 28 Apr 1866 "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S. Jun 1898 – 1906 Gradual opening of the reservation to the non-Indian settlement (by 3 Mar 1901, all the tribal citizens were granted the U.S. citizenship). 24 Apr 1906 End of national self-government.

Chief (title: Minko) Jul 1820 - 1848 Ishtehotopa (b. c.1800 - d. 1848) Chiefs of the Chickasaw District (under the Choctaw constitution) 1844 - 1846 Isaac Alberson (d. 1849/51) 1846 - 1848 James McLaughlin (b. c.1784 - d. c.1851) 1848 - 1852 Edmund Pickens (b. 1789 - d. 1868) bf.1854 - 1856 Jackson Frazier (b. 1815 – d. 1856) Chiefs of the Chickasaw People(under the Chickasaw constitution of 1848) Nov 1848 – 1850 Edmund Pickens (s.a.) Nov 1850 – Aug 1856 Daugherty Winchester Colbert (b. 1810 - d. 1880) (from 1852, usually styled Financial Chief) Governors 1856 - 1858 Cyrus H. Harris (1st time) (b. 1817 - d. 1888) 1858 - 1860 Daugherty Winchester Colbert (s.a.) (1st time) 1860 - 1862 Cyrus H. Harris (2nd time) (s.a.) 1862 - 1866 Daugherty Winchester Colbert (s.a.) (2nd time)(in Texas exile Feb – Oct 1864) 1864 Horace Pratt (acting for Colbert) 1866 Jackson Kemp (acting) (b. 1818 - d. 1897) 1866 - 1870 Cyrus H. Harris (3rd time) (s.a.) 1870 - 1871 William P. Brown (b. 1820 - d. 1884) 1871 - 1872 Thomas J. Parker (b. c.1800 - d. 1890) 1872 - 1874 Cyrus H. Harris (4th time) (s.a.) PP 1874 - 1878 Benjamin Franklin Overton (b. 1836 - d. 1884) NP (1st time) 1878 - 1880 Benjamin Crooks Burney (b. 1844 - d. 1892) NP 1880 - 8 Feb 1884 Benjamin Franklin Overton (s.a.) NP (2nd time) 1881 Hickeyubbee (acting for Overton) Feb 1884 – Mar 1884 Ah-chuck-ah-nubbe (acting) (d. 1884) Apr 1884 – Aug 1886 Jonas Wolf (1st time) (b. 1828 - d. 1900) NP Aug 1886 – Sep 1888 William Malcolm Guy (b. 1845 - d. 1918) PP Sep 1888 – Aug 1892 William Leander Byrd (b. 1844 - d. 1915) NP Aug 1892 - Jun 1894 Jonas Wolf (2nd time) (s.a.) NP Jun 1894 Nelson Chigley (acting) (b. 1830 – d. 1922) Jun 1894 - Oct 1894 Tecumseh A. McClure (acting) (b. 1830 - d. 1902) Oct 1894 - Aug 1896 Palmer Simeon Mosely (1st time) (b. 1851 - d. 1908) NP Aug 1896 - 1898 Robert Maxwell Harris (b. 1850 - d. 1927) PP 1898 – 1 Sep 1902 Douglas Henry Johnston (1st time) (b. 1858 - d. 1939) NP 1 Sep 1902 – 5 Sep 1904 Palmer Simeon Mosely (2nd time) (s.a.) NP 5 Sep 1904 - 24 Apr 1906 Douglas Henry Johnston (2nd time) (s.a.) NP to 1906 (continues in office to 26 Jun 1939)

Party abbreviations (to 1906): NP = National Party (conservative, until 1896/98 also known as "Pull-Back" Party, 1871-1906); PP = Progressive Party (progressive, 1870/72-1906)

Choctaw Nation


1861 - 1864
Pro-Confederate Choctaw Cavalry Flag

Capital: Tuskahoma
(Nanih Waiyah 1834-1850;
Doaksville 1850-1854; Fort
Towson 1854-1857; Boggy Depot
1857-1860; Mayhew 1860-1863;
Chahta Tamaha 1863-1883)

Population: 99,781 (1900)
(includes 10,321 Indians)

18 Oct 1820 Reservation established in Oklahoma (originally almost unsettled. 5 Aug 1826 First constitution adopted, the nation to Oct 1857 is governed by the chiefs of three (four by addition of the Chickasaw District 3 Oct 1838 – 30 Aug 1856) districts, the chiefs of Okla Tannap (from 1834, Moshulatubbee) District having precedence (further constitutions adopted 3 Jun 1834, 3 Oct 1838, 10 Nov 1842, 14 Oct 1850, 5 Jan 1857, 11 Jan 1860). 1834 Majority of Choctaw moved from Mississippi to Oklahoma. 7 Jan 1837 – 22 Jun 1855 Chickasaw Nation made a component part (Chickasaw District) of the Choctaw Nation by treaty (Chickasaw independence effective 30 Aug 1856). 1 Jul 1861 - 1865 Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America. 19 Jun 1865 Surrenders to the U.S. 28 Apr 1866 "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S.Jun 1898 – 1906 Gradual opening of the reservation to the non-Indian settlement (by 3 Mar 1901, all the tribal citizens were granted the U.S. citizenship).24 Apr 1906 End of national self-government.

Chiefs of Moshulatubbee District 1834 - 1836 Moshulatubbee (b. c.1778 - d. 1838) 1836 - 1838 Joseph Kincaid 1838 - 1842 John McKinney 1842 - 1846 Nathaniel Folsom (b. 1811 - d. 18..) 1846 - 1850 Peter Folsom (b. c.1814 - d. 1885) 1850 - 1854 Cornelius McCurtain (b. 1803 - d. 1871) 1854 - Oct 1857 David McCoy (b. 1818 – d. 1892) Chiefs of Apukshunnubbee (to 1838 Okla Falaya) District 1834 - 1838 Thomas LeFlore (1st time) (b. 1792 - d. 1859) 1838 - 1842 James Fletcher (b. 1767 – d. 1850) 1842 - 1850 Thomas LeFlore (2nd time) (s.a.) 1850 - Oct 1857 George Washington Harkins (b. 1810 - d. 1861) Chiefs of Pushmataha District 1834 - 1838 Nitakechi (1st time) (b. 1792 - d. 1846) 1838 – Aug 1841 Pierre Gabriel Juzan (b. 1805 - d. 1841) 1841 - 1846 Isaac Folsom (b. 1802 - d. 1870) 1846 – 22 Nov 1846 Nitakechi (2nd time) (s.a.) 1846 - 1850 Silas D. Fisher 1850 - 1854 George Folsom (b. 1807 - d. 1887) 1854 - Oct 1857 Nicholas Cochnauer Governors Oct 1857 – 12 Jan 1858 Alfred Wade (b. 1811 - d. 1878) Jan 1858 - Oct 1859 Tandy C. Walker (b. 1814 - d. 1877) (acting to Oct 1858) Oct 1859 - 1 Oct 1860 Basil LeFlore (b. 1810 - d. 1886) Principal chiefs 1 Oct 1860 - 6 Oct 1862 George Hudson (b. 1808 - d. 1865) 6 Oct 1862 - 3 Oct 1864 Samuel Garland (b. 1803 - d. 1870) 3 Oct 1864 - 1 Oct 1866 Peter Perkins Pitchlynn (b. 1806 - d. 1881) 1 Oct 1866 - 3 Oct 1870 Allen Wright (b. 1826 - d. 1885) PP 3 Oct 1870 - 5 Oct 1874 William J. Bryant (b. 180.–d.af.1876) NP 5 Oct 1874 - 7 Oct 1878 Coleman Cole (b.c.1800 - d. 1886)NP 7 Oct 1878 - Feb 1880 Isaac Levi Garvin (b. 1832 - d. 1880) NP Feb 1880 - 6 Oct 1884 Jackson Frazier McCurtain (b. 1830 - d. 1885) PP (acting to 3 Oct 1880) 6 Oct 1884 - 3 Oct 1886 Edmund A. McCurtain (b. 1842 - d. 1890) PP 3 Oct 1886 - 1 Oct 1888 Thompson McKinney (b.c.1837 - d. 1889)PP 1 Oct 1888 - 6 Oct 1890 Benjamin Franklin Smallwood (b. 1829 - d. 1891) NP 6 Oct 1890 - 1 Oct 1894 Wilson Nathaniel Jones (b. 1831 - d. 1901) PP 1 Oct 1894 - 5 Oct 1896 Jefferson Gardner (b. 1847 - d. 1906) PP 5 Oct 1896 - 1 Oct 1900 Green McCurtain (1st time) (b. 1848 - d. 1910) TP 1 Oct 1900 - 6 Oct 1902 Gilbert Wesley Dukes (b. 1849 - d. 1919) TP 6 Oct 1902 – 24 Apr 1906 Green McCurtain (2nd time) (s.a.) TP to 1906 (continues in office to 28 Dec 1910)

Party abbreviations (to 1906):NP= National Party (conservative, to 1885 also known as Buzzard Party,c.1870-1906);PP= Progressive Party (progressive, to 1885 also known as Eagle Party,c.1870-1896);TP = Tuskahoma Party (succeeded PP,1896-1906)

Muskogee (Creek) Nation


1861 - 1865
Reported Pro-Confederate Flag

Capital: Okmulgee
(Creek Agency 1828-1840;
Council Hill 1840-1867)

Population: 40,674 (1900)
(includes 7,963 Indians)

Feb 1828 Part of the Lower Towns (known as the Western Creek versus east- remaining Eastern Creek) moved to Oklahoma under the Treaty of 24 Jan 1826.1836 Majority of (Eastern) Creeks moved from Alabama to Oklahoma. 1839 - 1856 Seminole (moved from Florida) settled within the Creek Nation (from Jun 1839, nominally a constituent part of the Creek Nation; on 7 Aug 1856 independence restored to the Seminole by treaty).1840 First constitution (Code of Laws) adopted, the nation to Dec 1867 is governed by the principal chiefs of two districts, the chiefs of Lower Towns (Arkansas District) having precedence. 10 Jul 1861 - May 1865 Treaty of alliance (by Lower Towns and minority of Upper Towns) with the Confederate States of America; the pro-U.S. Creeks go into Kansas exile. 14 Jun 1866 "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S. 12 Oct 1867 Muskogee Nation, the constitution adopted (until 1979 formally remains a confederation of 46 towns).Jun 1898 - 1906 Gradual opening of the reservation to the non-Indian settlement (by 3 Mar 1901 all the tribal citizens were granted the U.S. citizenship). 24 Apr 1906 End of national self-government.

Principal chief of the Western Creek (in Oklahoma) 1828 – 1836 Roderick "Roley" McIntosh (b. 1783 - d. 1863) Principal chiefs of the Lower Towns (from 1840, Arkansas District) 1836 - 1837 Henehv Mekko (Anglicized: Heneha Micco) 1837 - 1859 Roderick "Roley" McIntosh (s.a.) 1859 - 1863 Motey Canard (b. c.1790 - d. 1865) 1863 - Dec 1867 Samuel Checote (b. 1819 - d. 1884) (in exile in Choctaw county1863 – Sep 1865) Principal chiefs of the Upper Towns (from 1840, Canadian District) 1836 - af.1838 Neha Rakki Hopvye"Little Doctor" (Anglicized: Nehathlucco Hopoie) (3rd time) c.1845 Tvm Emarv Mekko (Anglicized: Tamarthla Micco) bf.1854 - 1859 Tokepahce Mekko (1st time) (d. 1865) (Anglicized: Tuckabatchee Micco) (known only by title meaning 'the chief of Tuckabatchee town') 1859 - 1863 Eco Haco"Crazy Deer" (Anglicized: Echo Harjo) 5 Aug 1861 - Dec 1867 Oktahvsas Haco "Sands" (d. 1872) (Anglicized: Oktarharsars Harjo) (pro-U.S. chief;in Kansas exile Nov 1861 - Feb 1865) 1861 - 27 Mar 1863 Hopuere Yvholv (b. c.1798 - d. 1863) (Anglicized: Opothle Yahola) (often acting for "Sands"; from Dec 1861 in Kansas exile) 1863 - 1865 Tokepahce Mekko (2nd time) (s.a.) (in exile in Choctaw county1863 – Sep 1865)Principal chiefs Dec 1867 - Dec 1875 Samuel Checote (1st time) (s.a.) CP Oct 1871 Kaccv Ce"Little Tiger" (d. 1871) LP (Anglicized:Cotchoche) (in opposition, briefly occupying the capital) Dec 1875 - 5 Dec 1876 Lucv Haco (d. 1879) LP (Anglicized: Lochar Harjo) 5 Dec 1876 - 6 Dec 1879 Ward Coachman (b. 1823 - d. 1884) MP 6 Dec 1879 - 5 Dec 1883 Samuel Checote (2nd time) (s.a.) NP Jul 1882 – Dec 1882 Espahehcv (Anglicized: Isparhecher)(b. 1828 - d. 1902) LP (1st time)(in opposition) 5 Dec 1883 – 5 Dec 1887 Joseph Moses Perryman (b. 1833 - d. 1896) MP Dec 1883 Espahehcv (2nd time) (s.a.) LP (in opposition; briefly in control of the capital, resigned Feb 1884) 5 Dec 1887 - 25 Nov 1895 Legus C. Perryman (b. 1838 - d. 1922) NP Jul 1895 - 5 Dec 1895 Hotvlke Emarv "Edward Bullet" (b. c.1835 – d. ....)NP (Anglicized: Hotulke Emarthla) (acting [for Perryman to 25 Nov 1895]) 5 Dec 1895 - Dec 1899 Espahehcv (3rd time) (s.a.) NP Dec 1899 – 24 Apr 1906 Pleasant Porter (b. 1840 - d. 1907) NP to 1906 (continues in office to 3 Sep 1907)

Party abbreviations (to 1906):CP= Constitutional Party (informal, former Southerners,c.1867-1877, becomes NP); LP= Loyal Party (informal, former Northerners,c.1867-1883; afterwards as traditionalist);MP= Muskogee Party (progressive, 1876-1891, succeeded by Union Party);NP= National Party (conservative, former CP, to 1883 also known as "Pin" Party,1877 – 1906)

Seminole Nation

[Seminole
Reported pro-Confederate flag 1861-1865
(Oklahoma)]
29 Aug 1861 - 1865
Reported Pro-Confederate flag

Capital: Wewoka
(Seminole Agency 1854-1866)

Population: 3,786 (1900)
(includes 1,662 Indians)

1839 Majority of Seminole moved from Florida to Oklahoma. Jun 1839 - 7 Aug 1856 Component part of the Creek Nation (present Muskogee), but practically remains separate tribe (to 4 Jan 1845 separate settlement area, subsequently participation in the Creek Nation government specified, but never exercised). 7 Aug 1856 Independence (Seminole Nation) and acquisition of land from the Creek Nation. 1 Jul 1861 - 1865 Treaty of alliance with the Confederate States of America divided the Seminole nation (pro-U.S. Seminole in exile in Kansas). 23 Jun 1865 Surrender to the U.S. by the pro-Confederate Seminole. 21 Mar 1866 "Reconstruction" Treaty with U.S. 3 Mar 1901 Granted the U.S. citizenship (the allotment leads to Indians becomingminority without formal opening of the reservation to the non-Indian settlement). 24 Apr 1906 End of national-self government.

Principal chiefs (title: Tvlwv-Vlke em Mekko) 1833 – 2 Jan 1849 Hvlputv Haco (b. c.1780 - d. 1849) (by Americans usually named Micanopy) Jan 1849 - 1853 Mekko Mocvse"Jim Jumper" (d. 1853) 1853 - 1865 Henehv Mekko (1st time) (b. c.1820 - d. 1896) (from 1857, John Jumper) (pro-Confederate chief 1861 - 1865; continues as chief of so-called Southern Party to 1875, in opposition) 1862 – 1864 Sonvk Mekko "Billy Bowlegs" (b. c.1810 - d. 1864) (pro-U.S. chief, in Kansas exile) 1864 – 17 Mar 1881 John Chupco (b. c.1821 - d. 1881) (pro-U.S. chief in Kansas exile to 1865) Mar 1881 - 1882 Hvlputv Ce (d. 1882) (Anglicized: Hulputta Che) Jul 1882 – Jul 1885 John Jumper (2nd time) (s.a.) Jul 1885 – Jul 1901 John Frippo Brown (1st time) (b. 1842 - d. 1919) (informal courtesy title Governor) Jul 1901 – 25 Mar 1905 Hvlputv Mekko (b. c.1830 - d. 1905) (Anglicized: Hulputta Micco) Mar 1905 – May 1905 Jacob Harrison (acting) Jul 1905 – 24 Apr 1906 John Frippo Brown (2nd time) (s.a.) (continues in office to 21 Oct 1919)

Sequoyah

22 Aug 1905 Attempt by the Five Nations to form a separateState of Sequoyah from the Indian Territory.14 Oct 1905 Constitution published (approved by referendum 7 Nov 1905) and Fort Gibson chosen as capital by last meeting of the Convention. 9 Mar 1906 Oklahoma Enabling Act passed, area to be includedwithin the State of Oklahoma.16 Nov 1907 Part of the State of Oklahoma.

Presidents of the Sequoyah Constitutional Convention 22 Aug 1905 (hours) David Cornelius McCurtain (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1958) 22 Aug 1905 - 14 Oct 1905 Pleasant Porter, Principal (b. 1840 - d. 1907) Chief of the Muskogee Nation

Superintendents of the Western (from 12 Mar 1851, Southern) Superintendency (subordinated to the Commissioners of Indian Affairs; in charge of the Five Civilized Tribes and other Indian agencies and reservations in present-day Oklahoma; 1834-1851 in Fort Coffee, 1851-1853 in Van Buren, Arkansas, 1853-1861 in Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1861-1866 various locations in Kansas, 1866-1868 in Fort Smith, from 1868 in Creek Agency)1819 – 1834 the Superintendents of Arkansas Superintendency (ex officio governors of Arkansas) 30 Jun 1834 - 1835 Francis W. Armstrong (b. 1783 - d. 1835) 8 Sep 1835 - Jun 1846 William Armstrong (b. 1794 - d. 1846) 10 Jul 1847 - 1849 Samuel Morton Rutherford (b. 1797 – d. 1867) 20 May 1849 - 1850 John Drennen (1st time) (b. 1800 – d. 1855)1850 - Mar 1851 A.S. Loughrey(acting)12 Mar 1851 - 1853 John Drennen (2nd time) (s.a.) 8 Apr 1853 - 1854 Thomas D. Drew 3 Mar 1854 - 1857 Charles W. Dean 17 Mar 1857 - 1861 Elias Rector (b. 1802 - d. 1878) 9 Apr 1861 - 20 Apr 1861 Samuel L. Griffith (did not take office) 3 May 1861 – 28 Apr 1865 William C. Coffin 28 Apr 1865 - 1866 Elijah Sells (b. 1814 - d. 1897) 20 Sep 1866 - 1867 William Byers 27 Mar 1867 - 1868 James Wortham 17 Apr 1868 - 1869 L. Newton Robinson 30 Jun 1869 - 2 Sep 1869 William B. Hazen (b. 1830 - d. 1887)Superintendents of the Central Superintendency (subordinated to the Commissioners of Indian Affairs; in charge of all Indian tribes, agencies and reservations in present-day Oklahoma; in Lawrence, Kansas) 1869 - 1876 Enoch Hoag (b. 1812 - d. 1884) 19 Jan 1876 - 1878 William Nicholson (b. 1826 - d. 1899)

Commanders of the Confederate Department of Indian Territory and Commissioners (from Dec 1863 Commanders and Superintendents of Indian Affairs) 16 Mar 1861 - 1862 Albert Pike (1st time) (b. 1809 - d. 1891) (commissioner of Indian Territory) 1862 - 7 Mar 1862 Benjamin J. McCullough (b. 1811 - d. 1862) 1862 - 5 Nov 1862 Albert Pike (2nd time) (s.a.) 5 Nov 1862 - 8 Jan 1863 Douglas Hancock Cooper (1st time) (b. 1815 - d. 1879) 8 Jan 1863 - 11 Dec 1863 William Steele (b. 1819 - d. 1885) 11 Dec 1863 - 21 Feb 1865 Samuel Ball Maxey (b. 1825 - d. 1895) 21 Feb 1865 - Apr 1865 Douglas Hancock Cooper (2nd time) (s.a.)

Oregon

c.1900 - 26 Feb 1925

Adopted 26 Feb 1925

Adopted 26 Feb 1925 (Reverse)

Map of Oregon	Hear State Song "Oregon, My Oregon"	Text of State Song Adopted 12 Feb 1927/ 7 Jun 2021	State Constitution (14 Feb 1859)
Capital: Salem (Champoeg 2 May 1843-1848; Oregon City 14 Aug 1848-1852; Salem 4 May 1852-1855; Corvallis 13 Jan 1855 - 18 Dec 1855)	Motto: Alis volat Propriis (She flies with her own wings)	Nickname: Beaver State	Population: 4,237,256 (2020)

Mayors of Portland	Chronology `27 Aug 1775 Claimed for Spain by Bruno de Heceta and` `Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra.` `15 Feb 1812 Oregon Country claimed by U.S.` `12 Dec 1813 Columbia District claimed by U.K.` `20 Oct 1818 - 15 Jun 1846 Joint U.S.-British administrationof Oregon` `Country/Columbia Department (see Canada Provinces underBritish Columbia).` `22 Feb 1819 Spain renounces claims.` `5 Jul 1843` `Provisional Government in the Oregon Country` `formed (not recognized by U.S. or U.K.)` `15 Jun 1846 Oregon country south of 40 degrees latitude` `ceded to U.S., north ceded to U.K.(ratified 18 Jun 1846).` `14 Aug 1848 Territory (effective 3 Mar 1849).` `14 Feb 1859 State`

Provisional Government in the Oregon Country 5 Jul 1843 - 25 May 1844 (First) Provisional Government    Executive Committee       - Joseph Gale     (b. 1800 - d. 1881)    - Alanson Beers (b. 1800 - d. 1853) - David Hill (b. 1809 - d. 1850) 25 May 1844 - 14 Jul 1845 (Second) Provisional Government    Executive Committee    - Peter G. Stewart    (b. 1809 - d. 1900) - William J. Bailey (b. 1807 - d. 1876) - Osborne Russell    (b. 1814 - d. 1892)
Governors
14 Jul 1845 - 3 Mar 1849 George Abernethy (provisional)     (b. 1807 - d. 1877) Whg 3 Mar 1849 - 18 Jun 1850 Joseph Lane (1st time)             (b. 1801 - d. 1881) Dem
18 Jun 1850 - 18 Aug 1850 Kintzing Prichette(acting)        (b. 1800 - d. 1869) Dem
18 Aug 1850 - 16 May 1853 John Pollard Gaines                (b. 1795 - d. 1857) Whg
16 May 1853 - 19 May 1853 Joseph Lane (2nd time)(acting)     (s.a.)               Dem
19 May 1853 - 2 Dec 1853 George Law Curry (1st time)(acting)(b. 1820 - d. 1878) Dem
2 Dec 1853 - 1 Aug 1854 John Wesley Davis                  (b. 1799 - d. 1859) Dem
1 Aug 1854 - 3 Mar 1859 George Law Curry (2nd time)        (s.a.)               Dem
                             (acting to 14 Dec 1854)
3 Mar 1859 - 10 Sep 1862 John Whiteaker                     (b. 1820 - d. 1902) Dem
10 Sep 1862 - 12 Sep 1866 Addison Crandall Gibbs             (b. 1825 - d. 1886) Rep
12 Sep 1866 - 14 Sep 1870 George Lemuel Woods                (b. 1832 - d. 1890) Rep
14 Sep 1870 - 1 Feb 1877 LaFayette Grover                   (b. 1823 - d. 1911) Dem
1 Feb 1877 - 11 Sep 1878 Stephen Fowler Chadwick            (b. 1825 - d. 1895) Dem
11 Sep 1878 - 13 Sep 1882 William Wallace Thayer             (b. 1827 - d. 1899) Dem
13 Sep 1882 - 12 Jan 1887 Zenas Ferry Moody                  (b. 1832 - d. 1917) Rep
12 Jan 1887 - 14 Jan 1895 Sylvester Pennoyer                 (b. 1831 - d. 1902) Dem;1893 Pop
14 Jan 1895 - 9 Jan 1899 William Paine Lord                 (b. 1839 - d. 1911) Rep
9 Jan 1899 - 14 Jan 1903 Theodore Thurston Geer             (b. 1851 - d. 1924) Rep
15 Jan 1903 - 28 Feb 1909 George Earle Chamberlain           (b. 1854 - d. 1928) Dem
1 Mar 1909 - 17 Jun 1910 Frank Williamson Benson (acting)   (b. 1858 - d. 1911) Rep
17 Jun 1910 - 8 Jan 1911 Jay Bowerman (acting)              (b. 1876 - d. 1957) Rep
11 Jan 1911 - 12 Jan 1915 Oswald West                        (b. 1873 - d. 1960) Dem
12 Jan 1915 - 3 Mar 1919 James Withycombe                   (b. 1854 - d. 1919) Rep
3 Mar 1919 - 8 Jan 1923 Ben Wilson Olcott (acting)         (b. 1872 - d. 1952) Rep
8 Jan 1923 - 10 Jan 1927 Walter Marcus Pierce               (b. 1861 - d. 1954) Dem
10 Jan 1927 - 21 Dec 1929 Isaac Lee Patterson                (b. 1859 - d. 1929) Rep
22 Dec 1929 - 12 Jan 1931 Albin Walter Norblad (acting)      (b. 1881 - d. 1960) Rep
12 Jan 1931 - 14 Jan 1935 Julius L. Meier                    (b. 1874 - d. 1937) Ind
14 Jan 1935 - 9 Jan 1939 Charles Henry Martin               (b. 1863 - d. 1946) Dem
9 Jan 1939 - 11 Jan 1943 Charles Arthur Sprague             (b. 1887 - d. 1969) Rep
11 Jan 1943 - 28 Oct 1947 Earl Wilcox Snell                  (b. 1895 - d. 1947) Rep
30 Oct 1947 - 10 Jan 1949 John Hubert Hall (acting)          (b. 1899 - d. 1970) Rep
10 Jan 1949 - 27 Dec 1952 James Douglas McKay                (b. 1893 - d. 1959) Rep
27 Dec 1952 - 31 Jan 1956 Paul Liuton Patterson              (b. 1900 - d. 1956) Rep
                            (acting to 10 Jan 1955)
1 Feb 1956 - 14 Jan 1957 Elmo Everett Smith (acting)        (b. 1909 - d. 1968) Rep
14 Jan 1957 - 12 Jan 1959 Robert Denison Holmes              (b. 1909 - d. 1976) Dem
12 Jan 1959 - 9 Jan 1967 Mark Odom Hatfield                 (b. 1922 - d. 2011) Rep
9 Jan 1967 - 13 Jan 1975 Thomas Lawson McCall               (b. 1913 - d. 1983) Rep
13 Jan 1975 - 8 Jan 1979 Robert William Straub              (b. 1920 - d. 2002) Dem
8 Jan 1979 - 12 Jan 1987 Victor George Atiyeh               (b. 1923 - d. 2014) Rep
12 Jan 1987 - 14 Jan 1991 Neil Edward Goldschmidt            (b. 1940 - d. 2024) Dem
14 Jan 1991 - 9 Jan 1995 Barbara Hughey Roberts (f)         (b. 1936)            Dem
9 Jan 1995 - 13 Jan 2003 John Albert Kitzhaber (1st time) (b. 1947)            Dem
13 Jan 2003 - 10 Jan 2011 Theodore "Ted" R. Kulongoski       (b. 1940)            Dem
10 Jan 2011 - 18 Feb 2015 John AlbertKitzhaber (2nd time) (s.a.) Dem18 Feb 2015 - 9 Jan 2023 Katherine "Kate" Brown (f)     (b. 1960)    Dem 9 Jan 2023 -    Tina Kotek (f)       (b. 1966)            Dem

Pennsylvania

[Flag of
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (U.S.)]
Adopted 13 Jun 1907

Map of Pennsylvania	Hear State Song "Pennsylvania"	Text of State Song Adopted 29 Nov 1990	State Constitution (16 Dec 1873)
Capital: Harrisburg (Tinicum Island 1643-1681; Chester 1681-1683; Philadelphia 1683-Nov 1799; Lancaster Nov 1799-1812)	Motto: Virtue, Liberty, and Independence	Nickname: Keystone State	Population: 13,002,700 (2020)

Mayors of Philadelphia	Chronology `26 Mar 1638 Parts of Delaware River valley part of` `Swedish colony (New Sweden)(see Delaware).` `25 Sep 1655 Parts of Delaware River valley part of` `New Netherland, Dutch colony (see New York).` `20 Feb 1681 Charter for the Province of Pennsylvania. 11 Jul 1681 Concessions to the Province of Pennsylvania. 14 Mar 1682 English proprietary colony (Province of Pennsylvania).25 Apr 1682 Penn's Charter of Liberties. 5 May 1682 Frame of Government of Pennsylvania. 17 Dec 1682 - 11 Sep 1776 Lower Counties (Delaware) united to Pennsylvania. 26 Apr 1693 - 20 Aug 1694 English crown rule.25 Jul 1776 State of` `Pennsylvania` `28 Sep 1776 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania26 Sep 1777 - 18 Jun 1778 British occupy Philadelphia.12 Dec 1787 State of the U.S.`
Mayors of Pittsburgh
Gettysburg National Military Park Map

Lords Proprietors
14 Mar 1682 - 26 Apr 1693 William Penn (1st time)            (b. 1644 - d. 1718)
20 Aug 1694 - 30 Jul 1718 William Penn (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1712 - 20 Dec 1726         Hannah C. Penn (f)     (b. 1671 - d. 1726)
                            (acting for William Penn, then for sons below)
30 Jul 1718 - Oct 1746     John Penn                          (b. 1700 - d. 1746)
30 Jul 1718 - 21 Mar 1775 Thomas Penn                        (b. 1703 - d. 1775)
30 Jul 1718 - 16 Oct 1771 Richard Penn "the Elder" (b. 1706 - d. 1771)
21 Mar 1775 - 1 Nov 1776 John Pennof Stoke           (b. 1760 - d. 1834) + John Penn            (b. 1729 - d. 1795)

Director of the English (or New Haven) Colony on South River 1641 - 1653 Thomas Lamberton Commanders on the Delaware
1664 - 1668                Robert Needham
1668 - 1673                John Carr
Dutch Deputy governor of the colonies on the west side of the Delaware
19 Sep 1673 - 10 Nov 1674 Peter Alrichs    (b. 1632 - d. 1697)Governors
Jun 1681 - 24 Oct 1682     William Markham (1st time)         (b. 1635 - d. 1704)
                             (deputy governor)
24 Oct 1682 - Jun 1684     William Penn (1st time)            (s.a.)
Aug 1684 - 18 Dec 1688     Thomas Lloyd (1st time)        (b. 1640 - d. 1694)
                             (president of the Council)
18 Dec 1688 - 2 Jan 1690 John Blackwell (deputy governor) (b. 1624 - d. 1701)
2 Jan 1690 - 26 Apr 1693 Thomas Lloyd (2nd time)            (s.a.)
                             (president of the Council to Mar 1691,
                             then deputy governor)
26 Apr 1693 - 20 Aug 1694 Benjamin Fletcher -Captain-general (b. 1640 - d. 1703)
27 Apr 1693 - Dec 1699     William Markham (2nd time)         (s.a.)
                             (deputy governor)
Dec 1699 - Nov 1701        William Penn (2nd time)            (s.a.)
Lieutenant governors
14 Nov 1701 - 20 Apr 1703 Andrew Hamilton                    (b. c.1676 - d. 1703)
4 May 1703 - 3 Feb 1704 Edward Shippen                     (b. 1639 - d. 1712)
                             (president of the Council)
3 Feb 1704 - 1 Feb 1709 John Evans (b. c.1678 - d. c.1730)
1 Feb 1709 - 31 May 1717 Charles Gookin (b. c.1660 – d. c.1723)
31 May 1717 - 22 Jun 1726 Sir William Keith                  (b. 1680 - d. 1749)
22 Jun 1726 - 5 Aug 1736 Patrick Gordon (b. 1644 - d. 1736)
5 Aug 1736 - 1 Jun 1738 James Logan                        (b. 1674 - d. 1751)
                             (president of the Council)
1 Jun 1738 - 29 May 1747 George Thomas (b. 1695 - d. 1774)
6 Jun 1747 - 23 Nov 1748 Anthony Palmer (b. 1675 - d. 1749)
                             (president of the Council)
23 Nov 1748 - 3 Oct 1754 James Hamilton (1st time)          (b. 1710? - d. 1783)
3 Oct 1754 - 20 Aug 1756 Robert Hunter Morris               (b. 1700 - d. 1764)
                             (deputy governor)
20 Aug 1756 - 17 Nov 1759 William Denny    (b. c.1710 - d. 1765)
18 Nov 1759 - 31 Oct 1763 James Hamilton (2nd time)          (s.a.)
31 Oct 1763 - 4 May 1771 John Penn (1st time)               (b. 1729 - d. 1795)
6 May 1771 - 16 Oct 1771 James Hamilton (3rd time)          (s.a.)
                             (president of the Council)
16 Oct 1771 - 30 Aug 1773 Richard Penn                       (b. 1735 - d. 1811)
30 Aug 1773 - 28 Sep 1776 John Penn (2nd time)               (s.a.)
President of the Committee of Safety
3 Jul 1775 - 4 Jul 1776 Benjamin Franklin                  (b. 1706 - d. 1790)
Chairmen of the Committee of Safety
4 Jul 1776                Owen Biddle (1st time) (b. 1737 - d. 1799)
4 Jul 1776 - 8 Jul 1776 George C. Clymer (b. 1739 - d. 1813)
8 Jul 1776                Owen Biddle (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Jul 1776                James Mease (1st time) (d. 1785)
10 Jul 1776                Owen Biddle (3rd time) (s.a.)
11 Jul 1776                Alexander Wilcocks (1st time) (b. 1741 - d. 1801)
12 Jul 1776                Samuel Howell    (b. 1723 - d. 1807)
15 Jul 1776                James Mease (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Jul 1776                Owen Biddle (4th time) (s.a.)
17 Jul 1776                James Biddle (b. 1731 - d. 1797)
19 Jul 1776 - 22 Jul 1776 Alexander Wilcocks (2nd time)    (s.a.)
Chairmen of the Council of Safety
24 Jul 1776 - 26 Jul 1776 David Rittenhouse (1st time) (b. 1732 - d. 1796)
27 Jul 1776                Samuel Morris (1st time) (b. 1734 - d. 1812)
29 Jul 1776 - 31 Jul 1776 David Rittenhouse (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Aug 1776                Samuel Morris (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Aug 1776                Thomas Wharton, Jr.                (b. 1735 - d. 1778)
5 Aug 1776 - 6 Aug 1776 David Rittenhouse (3rd time) (s.a.)
President of the Council of Safety
6 Aug 1776 - 4 Mar 1777 Thomas Wharton, Jr.                (s.a.)
Presidents of the Supreme Executive Council
4 Mar 1777 - 23 May 1778 Thomas Wharton, Jr.                (s.a.)
23 May 1778 - 1 Dec 1778 George Bryan (acting)              (b. 1731 - d. 1791)
1 Dec 1778 - 12 Oct 1799 Joseph Reed (1st time)             (b. 1741 - d. 1785)12 Oct 1779 - 15 Oct 1779 Matthew Smith (acting) (b. 1734 - d. 1794)18 Oct 1779 - 9 Oct 1781 Joseph Reed (2nd time)             (s.a.)
9 Oct 1781 - 8 Oct 1782 William Moore                      (b. 1735? - d. 1793)
                             (acting to 15 Nov 1781)
8 Oct 1782 - 7 Nov 1782 James Potter (acting) (b. 1729 - d. 1789)
7 Nov 1782 - 11 Oct 1785 John Dickinson                     (b. 1732 - d. 1808)
11 Oct 1785 - 18 Oct 1785 Charles Biddle (acting) (b. 1745 - d. 1821)
18 Oct 1785 - 14 Oct 1788 Benjamin Franklin                  (s.a.)
15 Oct 1788 - 5 Nov 1788 David Redick (acting) (b. 1750 - d. 1805)
5 Nov 1788 - 21 Dec 1790 Thomas Mifflin                     (b. 1744 - d. 1800)
Governors
21 Dec 1790 - 17 Dec 1799 Thomas Mifflin                     (s.a.)               Fed
17 Dec 1799 - 20 Dec 1808 Thomas McKean                      (b. 1735 - d. 1817) D-R
20 Dec 1808 - 16 Dec 1817 Simon Snyder                       (b. 1759 - d. 1819) D-R
16 Dec 1817 - 19 Dec 1820 William Findlay                    (b. 1768 - d. 1846) D-R
19 Dec 1820 - 16 Dec 1825 Joseph Hiester                     (b. 1752 - d. 1832) D-R
16 Dec 1825 - 15 Dec 1829 John A. Shulze                     (b. 1775 - d. 1852) D-R
15 Dec 1829 - 15 Dec 1835 George Wolf                        (b. 1777 - d. 1840) Dem
15 Dec 1835 - 15 Jan 1839 Joseph Ritner                      (b. 1780 - d. 1869) AMP
15 Jan 1839 - 21 Jan 1845 David R. Porter                    (b. 1788 - d. 1867) Dem
21 Jan 1845 - 9 Jul 1848 Francis R. Shunk                   (b. 1788 - d. 1848) Dem
26 Jul 1848 - 20 Jan 1852 William F. Johnston                (b. 1808 - d. 1872) Whg
20 Jan 1852 - 16 Jan 1855 William Bigler                     (b. 1814 - d. 1880) Dem
16 Jan 1855 - 19 Jan 1858 James Pollock                      (b. 1810 - d. 1890) Dem
19 Jan 1858 - 15 Jan 1861 William Fisher Packer              (b. 1807 - d. 1870) Dem
15 Jan 1861 - 15 Jan 1867 Andrew Gregg Curtin                (b. 1817 - d. 1894) Rep
15 Jan 1867 - 21 Jan 1873 John White Geary                   (b. 1819 - d. 1873) Rep
21 Jan 1873 - 21 Jan 1879 John Frederick Hartranft           (b. 1830 - d. 1889) Rep
21 Jan 1879 - 16 Jan 1883 Henry Martyn Hoyt                  (b. 1830 - d. 1892) Rep
16 Jan 1883 - 18 Jan 1887 Robert Emory Pattison              (b. 1850 - d. 1904) Dem
                             (1st time)
18 Jan 1887 - 20 Jan 1891 James Addams Beaver                (b. 1837 - d. 1914) Rep
20 Jan 1891 - 15 Jan 1895 Robert Emory Pattison              (s.a.)               Dem
                             (2nd time)
15 Jan 1895 - 17 Jan 1899 Daniel H. Hastings                 (b. 1849 - d. 1903) Rep
17 Jan 1899 - 20 Jan 1903 William A. Stone                   (b. 1846 - d. 1920) Rep
20 Jan 1903 - 15 Jan 1907 Samuel W. Pennypacker              (b. 1843 - d. 1916) Rep
15 Jan 1907 - 17 Jan 1911 Edwin S. Stuart                    (b. 1853 - d. 1937) Rep
17 Jan 1911 - 19 Jan 1915 John K. Tener                      (b. 1863 - d. 1946) Rep
19 Jan 1915 - 21 Jan 1919 Martin G. Brumbaugh                (b. 1862 - d. 1930) Rep
21 Jan 1919 - 16 Jan 1923 William C. Sproul                  (b. 1870 - d. 1928) Rep
16 Jan 1923 - 18 Jan 1927 Gifford Pinchot (1st time)         (b. 1865 - d. 1946) Rep
18 Jan 1927 - 20 Jan 1931 John S. Fisher                     (b. 1867 - d. 1940) Rep
20 Jan 1931 - 15 Jan 1935 Gifford Pinchot (2nd time)         (s.a.)               Rep
15 Jan 1935 - 17 Jan 1939 George H. Earle                    (b. 1890 - d. 1974) Dem
17 Jan 1939 - 19 Jan 1943 Arthur H. James                    (b. 1883 - d. 1973) Rep
19 Jan 1943 - 2 Jan 1947 Edward Martin                      (b. 1879 - d. 1967) Rep
2 Jan 1947 - 21 Jan 1947 John C. Bell, Jr.                  (b. 1892 - d. 1974) Rep
21 Jan 1947 - 16 Jan 1951 James H. Duff                      (b. 1883 - d. 1969) Rep
16 Jan 1951 - 18 Jan 1955 John S. Fine                       (b. 1893 - d. 1978) Rep
18 Jan 1955 - 20 Jan 1959 George M. Leader                   (b. 1918 - d. 2013) Dem
20 Jan 1959 - 15 Jan 1963 David L. Lawrence                  (b. 1889 - d. 1966) Dem
15 Jan 1963 - 17 Jan 1967 William W. Scranton                (b. 1917 - d. 2013) Rep
17 Jan 1967 - 19 Jan 1971 Raymond P. Shafer                  (b. 1917 - d. 2006) Rep
19 Jan 1971 - 16 Jan 1979 Milton J. Shapp                    (b. 1912 - d. 1994) Dem
16 Jan 1979 - 20 Jan 1987 Richard L. Thornburgh              (b. 1932 - d. 2020) Rep
20 Jan 1987 - 17 Jan 1995 Robert P. Casey                    (b. 1932 - d. 2000) Dem
17 Jan 1995 - 5 Oct 2001 Thomas "Tom" Ridge                 (b. 1945)            Rep
5 Oct 2001 - 21 Jan 2003 Mark S. Schweiker                  (b. 1953)            Rep
21 Jan 2003 - 18 Jan 2011 Edward "Ed" Rendell                (b. 1944)            Dem 18 Jan 2011 - 20 Jan 2015 Tom W. Corbett (b. 1949)    Rep20 Jan 2015 - 17 Jan 2023 Thomas "Tom" W. Wolf     (b. 1948)            Dem 17 Jan 2023 -    Joshua "Josh" D. Shapiro       (b. 1973)            Dem

Rhode Island


2 May - 19 May 1842
Dorr Revolt Flag


30 Mar 1877 - 1 Feb 1882


1 Feb 1882 - 19 May 1897


Adopted 19 May 1897

Map of Rhode Island	Hear State Song "Rhode Island, It's for Me"	Text of State Song Adopted 29 Jul 1996	State Constitution (2 May 1843)
Capital: Providence (Providence 1663-1776; Bristol, East Greenwich, Newport, Providence and South Kingstown 1776- Jan 1854; Newport and Providence Jan 1854-Jan 1900)	Motto: Hope	Nicknames: Ocean State, Little Rhody	Population: 1,097,379 (2020)

Mayors of Providence	Chronology `Jun 1636 Providence settled by dissident groups from` `Massachusetts-Bay under Roger Williams.` `20 Aug 1637 Providence Agreement (Rhode Island).` `7 Apr 1638 Government of Pocasset (Portsmouth, Rhode Island). 30 Apr 1639 Government of Portsmouth (Rhode Island). 28 May 1639 Newport agreement (Rhode Island, also known as Government of Newport).` `12 Mar 1640 Settlements of Newport and Portsmouth` `combined.` `27 Aug 1640 Plantation Agreement at Providence. 12 Jan 1643 Warwick founded.` 2 Nov 1643 Patent for Providence Plantations. 13 Mar 1644 Aquidneck Island renamed Rhode Island (or Isle of Rhodes). 14 Mar 1644 Providence Plantations in the Narragansett Bay, in New England, in America (charter issued by Parliament)(effective 17 Sep 1644). 19-21 May 1647 Agreement Between Providence, Warwick, Portsmouth, and Newport to form a Common Assembly `under the` `Acts and Orders of 1647 (Colony and Province ofProvidence).` `8 Aug 1647 Warwick Agreement. 20 May 1651 - 31 Aug 1654 Coddington Commission causes the separation between Providence and Warwick on one side, and Portsmouth and Newporton the other.` `8 Jul 1663 English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New England, in America` `(charter re-issued)(organized 25 Nov 1663).` `4 May 1664 Block Island admitted as part of Rhode Island.` `3 Jun 1686` Only a disputed area claimed by both Rhode Island and Connecticut, Narraganset Country (King's Province), was listed among the colonies and lands to compose the Territory and Dominion of New England in Royal Commissions to the President of the Council of New England and first Governor-in-Chief of New England, dated 8 Oct 1685 and 3 Jun 1686 respectively. However, the "additional powers and instructions" (dated 13 1686) empowered Andros to demand the surrender of the Charter of Rhode Island and to take the whole colony under his government. 12 Jan 1687 - 26 Feb 1690 Part of the Dominion of New England `(see` `underMassachusetts).` `1 May 1689 Declaration on the resumption of the Charter of 1663 is passed, governor is confirmed in office (but the governor and did not resume duties until 26 Feb 1690). 20 Jul 1776 State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations` 8 Dec 1776 - 25 Oct 1779 British occupy Newport and Aquidneck Island. 16 Feb 1778 The delegates of Rhode Island to the Continental Congress are authorized to sign the Articles of Confederation. 1 Mar 1781 State of the U.S. 2 May 1842 - 19 May 1842 Pro-universal suffrage "Dorr rebellion." 2 Nov 2010 Referendum rejects by 77.9% removing "and Providence Plantations" from full state name. 22 Jun 2020 The word "plantations" is removed from official use in accordance with an executive order issued by the Governor on 22 Jun 2020. 3 Nov 2020 Referendum votes 53.1% to remove "and Providence Plantations" from the full state name (results certified on 30 Nov 2020). 30 Nov 2020 `State of Rhode Island`

Governor of Providence
Jun 1636 - 17 Sep 1644    Roger Williams                   (b. 1603? - d. 1683) Judges of Portsmouth
7 Mar 1638 - 28 Apr 1639 William Coddington               (b. c.1601 - d. 1678)
28 Apr 1639 - 14 Mar 1640 William Hutchinson                (b. 1586 - d. 1641)Judge of Newport28 Apr 1639 - 14 Mar 1640 William Coddington               (s.a.)Governor of Rhode Island(in Portsmouth and Newport)14 Mar 1640 - 21 May 1647 William Coddington               (s.a.)Chief Officer of the Providence Plantations (Providence and Warwick)17 Sep 1644 - 21 May 1647 Roger Williams                   (s.a.)Presidents of the Providence Plantations in the Narragansett Bay
21 May 1647 - 27 Nov 1647 John Coggeshall, Sr.     (b. 1599 - d. 1647)
16 May 1648 - 22 May 1649 Jeremy (Jeremiah) Clarke       (b. 1605 - d. 1652)
Mar 1649 - May 1649        Roger Williams (acting)            (s.a.)
22 May 1649 - 23 May 1650 John Smith (1st time) (b. 1602 - d. 1663)
23 May 1650 - Aug 1651     Nicholas Easton (1st time)        (b. 1593 - d. 1678)
Governors of Newport and Portsmouth
20 May 1651 - 18 May 1653 William Coddington               (s.a.)
18 May 1653 - Jun/Nov 1653 John Sanford (b. c.1600 - d. 1653)
Presidents (in Providence and Warwick)
Oct 1651 - 18 May 1652     Samuel Gorton    (b. 1593 - d. 1677)
18 May 1652 - 17 May 1653 John Smith (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 May 1653 - 16 May 1654 Gregory Dexter (b. 1610 - d. 1700)
Presidents of the Providence Plantations in the Narragansett Bay
16 May 1654 - 12 Sep 1654 Nicholas Easton (2nd time)         (s.a.)
12 Sep 1654 - 19 May 1657 Roger Williams                     (s.a.)
19 May 1657 - 22 May 1660 Benedict Arnold (1st time) (b. 1615 - d. 1678)
22 May 1660 - 22 May 1662 William Brenton (b. c.1610 - d. 1674)
22 May 1662 - 25 Nov 1663 Benedict Arnold (2nd time) (s.a.) Governors of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New England, in America 25 Nov 1663 - 2 May 1666 Benedict Arnold (1st time) (s.a.) 2 May 1666 - 5 May 1669 William Brenton (s.a.) 5 May 1669 - 1 May 1672 Benedict Arnold (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 May 1672 - 6 May 1674 Nicholas Easton                    (s.a.) 6May 1674 - 3 May 1676 William Coddington (1st time)      (s.a.) 3 May 1676 - 2 May 1677 Walter Clarke (1st time)           (b. 1640 - d. 1714) 2 May 1677 - 19Jun 1678 Benedict Arnold (3rd time) (s.a.) 20 Jun 1678 - 28 Aug 1678 John Cranston (1st time) (b. 1625 - d. 1680) 28 Aug 1678 - 1 Nov 1678 William Coddington (2nd time)      (s.a.) 8 Nov 1678 - 12 Mar 1680 John Cranston (2nd time)         (s.a.) 16 Mar 1680 - 2 May 1683 Peleg Sanford    (b. 1639 - d. 1701) 2 May 1683 - 6 May 1685 William Coddington, Jr. (b. 1651 - d. 1689) 6 May 1685 - 5 May 1686 Henry Bull (1st time) (b. 1610 - d. 1693) 5 May 1686 - 30 Dec 1686 Walter Clarke (2nd time)           (s.a.) 30 Dec 1686 - 1 May 1689 office abolished 1 May 1689 - 27 Feb 1690 John Coggeshall (de facto acting) (b. 1618 - d. 1708) 27 Feb 1690 - 7 May 1690 Henry Bull (2nd time)    (s.a.) 7 May 1690 -c.1 May 1695 John Easton                        (b. c.1617 - d. 1705) c.1 May 1695 - 17 Dec 1695 Caleb Carr                         (b. 1616 - d. 1695) 17 Dec 1695 - Jan? 1696    John Greene (acting) (b. c.1620 - d. 1708) Jan? 1696 - c.Mar 1698     Walter Clarke (3rd time)           (s.a.) c.Mar 1698 - 26 Apr 1727   Samuel Cranston                    (b. 1659 - d. 1727) 26 Apr 1727 - 3 May 1732 Joseph Jenckes (acting)        (b. 1656 - d. 1740) Governors and Commanders-in-Chief in and over His Majesty's Colony of Rhode Island, and Providence Plantations, in New England 3 May 1732- 2 May 1732 Joseph Jenckes                    (s.a.) 2 May 1732 - 1734     William Wanton                     (b. 1670 - d. 1734) 5 May 1734 - 5 Jul 1740 John Wanton    (b. 1672 - d. 1740) 5 Jul 1740 - 4 May 1743 Richard Ward                       (b. 1689 - d. 1763)                              (acting to 15 Jul 1740) 4 May 1743 - 1 May 1745 William Greene (1st time)          (b. 1695 - d. 1758) 1 May 1745 - 7 May 1746 Gideon Wanton (1st time)           (b. 1693 - d. 1767) 7 May 1746 - 6 May 1747 William Greene (2nd time)          (s.a.) 6May 1747 - 4 May 1748 Gideon Wanton (2nd time)           (s.a.) 4 May 1748 - 7 May 1755 William Greene (3rd time)          (s.a.) 7 May 1755 - 4 May 1757 Stephen Hopkins (1st time)         (b. 1707 - d. 1785) 4 May 1757 - 23 Feb 1758 William Greene (4th time)          (s.a.) 23 Feb 1758 - 14 Mar 1758 John Gardner (acting)              (b. 1697 - d. 1764) Governors, Captains General, and Commanders-in-Chief in/of and over the English Colony of Rhode Island, and Providence Plantations, in New England, in America 14 Mar 1758 - 5 May 1762 Stephen Hopkins (2nd time)         (s.a.) 5 May 1762 - 4 May 1763 Samuel Ward (1st time)             (b. 1725 - d. 1776) 4 May 1763 - 1 May 1765 Stephen Hopkins (3rd time)         (s.a.) 1 May 1765 - 6 May 1767 Samuel Ward (2nd time)             (s.a.) 6 May 1767 - 4 May 1768 Stephen Hopkins (4th time)         (s.a.) 4 May 1768 - 3 May 1769 Josias Lyndon                      (b. 1704 - d. 1778) 3 May 1769 - 3 May 1775 Joseph Wanton                      (b. 1705 - d. 1780) 3 May 1775 - 20 Jul 1776 Nicholas Cooke                     (b. 1717 - d. 1782)    (acting to 9 Nov 1775) Governors, Captains General, and Commanders-in-Chief in/of and over the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations20 Jul 1776 - 6 May 1778 Nicholas Cooke                     (s.a.) Non-party 6 May 1778 - 3 May 1786 William Greene, Jr.                (b. 1731 - d. 1809) Non-party 3 May 1786 - 5 May 1790 John Collins                       (b. 1717 - d. 1795) Non-party 5 May 1790 - 15 Oct 1805 Arthur Fenner                      (b. 1745 - d. 1805) anti-Fed+CtyP 15 Oct 1805 - 7 May 1806 Henry Smith (acting)               (b. 1766 - d. 1818) CtyP 7 May 1806 - 6 May 1807 Isaac Wilbour (acting)             (b. 1763 - d. 1837) D-R+CtyP
6 May 1807 - 1 May 1811 James Fenner (1st time)            (b. 1771 - d. 1846) Fed
1 May 1811 - 7 May 1817 William Jones                      (b. 1753 - d. 1822) Fed
7 May 1817 - 9 Jan 1821 Nehemiah Rice Knight               (b. 1780 - d. 1854) D-R
9 Jan 1821 - 2 May 1821 Edward Wilcox (acting)     (b. 1751 - d. 1838) D-R
2 May 1821 - 5 May 1824 William Channing Gibbs             (b. 1789 - d. 1871) D-R
5 May 1824 - 4 May 1831 James Fenner (2nd time)            (s.a.)               D-R
4 May 1831 - 1 May 1833 Lemuel Hastings Arnold             (b. 1792 - d. 1852) N-R
1 May 1833 - 2 May 1838 John Brown Francis                 (b. 1791 - d. 1864) D-R
2 May 1838 - 1 May 1839 William Sprague III                (b. 1799 - d. 1856) Whg
2 May 1839 - 2 May 1843 Samuel Ward King                   (b. 1786 - d. 1851) Whg+LoP
   (acting to Apr 1840) 2 May 1842 - 23 Jan 1843 Thomas Wilson Dorr     (b. 1805 - d. 1854) Peop    (in opposition, fled into exile 19 May 1842) 2 May 1843 - 6 May 1845 James Fenner (3rd time)            (s.a.)               LoP
6 May 1845 - 6 May 1846 Charles Jackson                    (b. 1797 - d. 1876) Whg
6 May 1846 - 4 May 1847 Byron Diman                        (b. 1795 - d. 1865) LoP
4 May 1847 - 1 May 1849 Elisha Harris                      (b. 1791 - d. 1861) Whg
1 May 1849 - 6 May 1851 Henry Bowen Anthony                (b. 1815 - d. 1884) Whg
6 May 1851 - 20 Jul 1853 Philip Allen                       (b. 1785 - d. 1865) Dem
20 Jul 1853 - 2 May 1854 Francis Moore Dimond (acting)      (b. 1796 - d. 1859) Dem
2 May 1854 - 26 May 1857 William Warner Hoppin              (b. 1807 - d. 1890)Whg+AP;1856 Rep
26 May 1857 - 31 May 1859 Elisha Dyer, Sr.                   (b. 1811 - d. 1890) Rep
31 May 1859 - 1 May 1860 Thomas Goodwin Turner              (b. 1810 - d. 1875) Rep
1 May 1860 - 3 Mar 1863 William Sprague IV             (b. 1831 - d. 1915) Rep
3 Mar 1863 - 26 May 1863 William Cole Cozzens               (b. 1811 - d. 1876) Dem
26 May 1863 - 29 May 1866 James Youngs Smith               (b. 1809 - d. 1876) Rep
29 May 1866 - 25 May 1869 Ambrose Everett Burnside           (b. 1824 - d. 1881) Rep
25 May 1869 - 27 May 1873 Seth Padelford                     (b. 1807 - d. 1878) Rep
27 May 1873 - 25 May 1875 Henry Howard                       (b. 1826 - d. 1905) Rep
25 May 1875 - 29 May 1877 Henry Lippitt                      (b. 1818 - d. 1891) Rep
29 May 1877 - 25 May 1880 Charles Collins Van Zandt          (b. 1830 - d. 1894) Rep
25 May 1880 - 29 May 1883 Alfred Henry Littlefield           (b. 1829 - d. 1893) Rep
29 May 1883 - 26 May 1885 Augustus Osborn Bourn              (b. 1834 - d. 1925) Rep
26 May 1885 - 31 May 1887 George Peabody Wetmore             (b. 1846 - d. 1921) Rep
31 May 1887 - 29 May 1888 John William Davis (1st time)      (b. 1826 - d. 1907) Dem
29 May 1888 - 28 May 1889 Royal Chapin Taft                  (b. 1823 - d. 1912) Rep
28 May 1889 - 27 May 1890 Herbert Warren Ladd (1st time)     (b. 1843 - d. 1913) Rep
27 May 1890 - 26 May 1891 John William Davis (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Dem
26 May 1891 - 31 May 1892 Herbert Warren Ladd (2nd time)   (s.a.)               Rep
31 May 1892 - 29 May 1895 Daniel Russell Brown               (b. 1848 - d. 1919) Rep
29 May 1895 - 25 May 1897 Charles Warren Lippitt             (b. 1846 - d. 1924) Rep
25 May 1897 - 29 May 1900 Elisha Dyer, Jr.                   (b. 1839 - d. 1906) Rep
29 May 1900 - 16 Dec 1901 William Gregory                    (b. 1849 - d. 1901) Rep
16 Dec 1901 - 3 Jan 1903 Charles Dean Kimball               (b. 1859 - d. 1930) Rep
3 Jan 1903 - 3 Jan 1905 Lucius Fayette Clark Garvin        (b. 1841 - d. 1922) Dem
3 Jan 1905 - 1 Jan 1907 George Herbert Utter               (b. 1854 - d. 1912) Rep
1 Jan 1907 - 5 Jan 1909 James Henry Higgins                (b. 1876 - d. 1927) Dem
5 Jan 1909 - 5 Jan 1915 Aram Jules Pothier (1st time)      (b. 1854 - d. 1928) Rep
5 Jan 1915 - 4 Jan 1921 Robert Livingston Beeckman         (b. 1866 - d. 1935) Rep
4 Jan 1921 - 2 Jan 1923 Emery San Souci                (b. 1857 - d. 1936) Rep
2 Jan 1923 - 6 Jan 1925 William Smith Flynn                (b. 1885 - d. 1966) Dem
6 Jan 1925 - 3 Feb 1928 Aram Jules Pothier (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Rep
4 Feb 1928 - 3 Jan 1933 Norman Stanley Case                (b. 1888 - d. 1967) Rep
3 Jan 1933 - 5 Jan 1937 Theodore Francis Green             (b. 1867 - d. 1966) Dem
5 Jan 1937 - 3 Jan 1939 Robert Emmet Quinn                 (b. 1894 - d. 1975) Dem
3 Jan 1939 - 7 Jan 1941 William Henry Vanderbilt           (b. 1901 - d. 1981) Rep
7 Jan 1941 - 6 Oct 1945 James Howard McGrath               (b. 1903 - d. 1966) Dem
6 Oct 1945 - 19 Dec 1950 John Orlando Pastore               (b. 1907 - d. 2000) Dem
19 Dec 1950 - 2 Jan 1951 John Sammon McKiernan              (b. 1911 - d. 1997) Dem
2 Jan 1951 - 6 Jan 1959 Dennis Joseph Roberts              (b. 1903 - d. 1994) Dem
6 Jan 1959 - 3 Jan 1961 Christopher Del Sesto              (b. 1907 - d. 1973) Rep
3 Jan 1961 - 1 Jan 1963 John Anthony Notte, Jr.            (b. 1909 - d. 1983) Dem
1 Jan 1963 - 7 Jan 1969 John Hubbard Chafee                (b. 1922 - d. 1999) Rep
7 Jan 1969 - 2 Jan 1973 Frank R. Licht                     (b. 1916 - d. 1987) Dem
2 Jan 1973 - 4 Jan 1977 Philip William Noel                (b. 1931)            Dem
4 Jan 1977 - 1 Jan 1985 John Joseph Garrahy                (b. 1930 - d. 2012) Dem
1 Jan 1985 - 1 Jan 1991 Edward Daniel DiPrete              (b. 1934)            Rep
1 Jan 1991 - 3 Jan 1995 Bruce George Sundlun               (b. 1920 - d. 2011) Dem
3 Jan 1995 - 7 Jan 2003 Lincoln Carter Almond              (b. 1936 - d. 2023) Rep 7 Jan 2003 - 4 Jan 2011 Donald "Don" Louis Carcieri      (b. 1942)            Rep 4 Jan 2011 - 6 Jan 2015 Lincoln Davenport Chafee (b. 1953) Ind;4-30-2013 Dem 6 Jan 2015 - 2 Mar 2021 Gina Marie Raimondo (f)    (b. 1971)    Dem 2 Mar 2021 -    Daniel J. McKee    (b. 1951)            Dem