Canadian Provinces A-O

30 May 1907 - 1 Jun 1968 Unofficial

Adopted 1 Jun 1968

19 Nov 1869                Part of the Northwest Territory of Canada.
 8 May 1882                Alberta Provisional District, within the North-Western Territories.
 1 Sep 1905                Alberta a separate province (created from Alberta and Athabasca
                             districts of the Northwest Territories).

Lieutenant Governors
 1 Sep 1905 - 20 Oct 1915  George Hedley Vicars Bulyea        (b. 1859 - d. 1928)
20 Oct 1915 - 29 Oct 1925  Robert George Brett                (b. 1851 - d. 1929)
29 Oct 1925 -  5 May 1931  William Egbert                     (b. 1857 - d. 1936)
 5 May 1931 -  1 Oct 1936  William Legh Walsh                 (b. 1857 - d. 1938)
 1 Oct 1936 - 17 Mar 1937  Philip Carteret Hill Primrose      (b. 1864 - d. 1937)
17 Mar 1937 - 23 Mar 1937  Horace Harvey (acting)             (b. 1863 - d. 1949)
23 Mar 1937 -  1 Feb 1950  John Campbell Bowen                (b. 1872 - d. 1957)
 1 Feb 1950 - 16 Dec 1959  John James Bowlen                  (b. 1876 - d. 1959)
16 Dec 1959 - 19 Dec 1959  Clinton J. Ford (acting)           (b. 1882 - d. 1964)
19 Dec 1959 -  6 Jan 1966  John Percy Page                    (b. 1887 - d. 1973)
 6 Jan 1966 -  2 Jul 1974  John Walter Grant MacEwan          (b. 1902 - d. 2000)
 2 Jul 1974 - 18 Oct 1979  Ralph Garvin Steinhauer            (b. 1905 - d. 1987)
18 Oct 1979 - 22 Jan 1985  Francis "Frank" Charles Lynch-     (b. 1905 - d. 1990)
                             Staunton
22 Jan 1985 - 11 Mar 1991  Wilma Helen Hunley (f)             (b. 1920 - d. 2010)
11 Mar 1991 - 17 Apr 1996  Thomas Gordon Towers               (b. 1919 - d. 1999)
17 Apr 1996 - 10 Feb 2000  Horace Andrew "Bud" Olson          (b. 1925 - d. 2002)
10 Feb 2000 -  6 Jan 2005  Lois Elsa Hole (f)                 (b. 1929 - d. 2005)
 6 Jan 2005 - 20 Jan 2005  Catherine Anne Fraser (f) (acting) (b. 1947)
20 Jan 2005 - 11 May 2010  Norman Lim "Normie" Kwong          (b. 1929 - d. 2016)
11 May 2010 - 12 Jun 2015  Donald Stewart Ethell              (b. 1937)
12 Jun 2015 - 26 Aug 2020  Lois Elizabeth Boulding Mitchell(f)(b. 1939)
26 Aug 2020 -              Salma Lakhani (f)                  (b. 1951?)

Premiers
 2 Sep 1905 - 26 May 1910  Alexander Cameron Rutherford       (b. 1857 - d. 1941)  Lib
26 May 1910 - 30 Oct 1917  Arthur Lewis Sifton                (b. 1858 - d. 1921)  Lib
30 Oct 1917 - 13 Aug 1921  Charles Stewart                    (b. 1868 - d. 1946)  Lib
13 Aug 1921 - 23 Nov 1925  Herbert Greenfield                 (b. 1869 - d. 1949)  UFA
23 Nov 1925 - 10 Jul 1934  John Edward Brownlee               (b. 1883 - d. 1961)  UFA
10 Jul 1934 -  3 Sep 1935  Richard Gavin Reid                 (b. 1879 - d. 1980)  UFA
 3 Sep 1935 - 23 May 1943  William Aberhart                   (b. 1878 - d. 1943)  SC
23 May 1943 - 12 Dec 1968  Ernest Charles Manning             (b. 1908 - d. 1996)  SC
                             (acting to 31 May 1943)
12 Dec 1968 - 10 Sep 1971  Harry Edwin Strom                  (b. 1914 - d. 1984)  SC
10 Sep 1971 -  1 Nov 1985  Peter Lougheed                     (b. 1928 - d. 2012)  PC
 1 Nov 1985 - 14 Dec 1992  Donald Getty                       (b. 1933 - d. 2016)  PC
14 Dec 1992 - 14 Dec 2006  Ralph Klein                        (b. 1942 - d. 2013)  PC
14 Dec 2006 -  7 Oct 2011  Edward "Ed" Stelmach               (b. 1951)            PC
 7 Oct 2011 - 23 Mar 2014  Alison Redford (f)                 (b. 1965)            PC
23 Mar 2014 - 15 Sep 2014  Dave Hancock                       (b. 1955)            PC
15 Sep 2014 - 24 May 2015  James "Jim" Prentice               (b. 1956 - d. 2016)  PC
24 May 2015 - 30 Apr 2019  Rachel Anne Notley (f)             (b. 1964)            NDP 
30 Apr 2019 - 11 Oct 2022  Jason Thomas Kenney                (b. 1968)            UCP
11 Oct 2022 -              Marlaina Danielle Smith (f)        (b. 1971)            UCP

9 Oct 1870 - 25 Jul 1871	31 Mar 1906 - c.1950 Unofficial	c.1950 - 30 Jun 1960 Unofficial
Adopted 30 Jun 1960

1788                       Fur trader John Meares (b. c.1756 - d. 1809), arriving in 1786, sets
                             up a trading post near the native village of Yuquot (Friendly Cove)
                             at the entrance to Nootka Sound.
21 Jun 1789                Spanish Lt. Esteban José Martínez (b. 1742 - d. 1798) takes formal
                             possession for Spain at Nootka and expels British traders.
29 Apr 1792 - 28 Aug 1792  Coastal regions explored by British Capt. George Vancouver (b. 1757
                             - d. 1798). 
11 Jan 1794                By the Convention for the Mutual Abandonment of Nootka called for
                             both Spanish and British to withdraw and the Spanish depart.
15 Feb 1812                Oregon territory is claimed by the United States.
16 Oct 1813                North West Company (NWC) buys the assets of the Pacific Fur Company,
                             including Fort Astoria (built May 1811 in modern Oregon), which
                             is renamed Fort George on 12 Dec 1813.
12 Dec 1813                District of Columbia claimed by U.K.
1815                       North West Company's business west of the Rocky Mountains is
                             officially divided into two districts: the New Caledonia in the
                             northern interior, and the Columbia District to the south.
20 Oct 1818 - 17 Jul 1846  Joint U.S.-British administration of Pacific Northwest by the Anglo-
                             American Convention of 1818.
26 Mar 1821                North West Company is merged into Hudson's Bay Company. New
                             Caledonia becomes subordinated to, but not part of, the Northern
                             Department of Prince Rupert's Land (later North Western
                             Territories).
1824                       Fort Vancouver (in modern Washington state, U.S.) founded (dedicated
                             on 9 Mar 1825) as the headquarters of the Columbia district. In
                             1845 the headquarters is moved to Fort Victoria.
1825                       Districts of New Caledonia and Columbia are merged as the
                             Columbia Department.
 2 Jan 1840 -  1 Jun 1865  Hudson's Bay Company leases the Alaskan Panhandle from the Russian
                             America Company.
17 Jul 1846                Oregon territory south of 49th parallel ceded to U.S., north to the
                             U.K. (including New Caledonia, Vancouver, Queen Charlotte Islands)
                             by the Treaty of Washington of 15 Jun 1846.
 2 Aug 1858                British Columbia colony organized on mainland out of New Caledonia
                             (British Columbia name selected by Queen Victoria on 24 Jul 1858).
19 Nov 1858                British Columbia a crown colony.
28 Jul 1863                Stickeen Territories and Queen Charlotte Islands incorporated 
                             into British Columbia.
 6 Aug 1866                Vancouver Island united with British Columbia.
25 Jul 1871                British Columbia a province of Canada.

Governors (at Fort George)
16 Oct 1813 -  1 Dec 1813  John George McTavish (acting)      (b. c.1778 - d. 1847)
 1 Dec 1813 -  4 Apr 1814  John McDonald of Garth             (b. c.1771 - d. 1866)
23 Apr 1814 - 22 May 1814  Donald McTavish                    (b. 1771/72 - d. 1814)
22 May 1814 -  7 Jun 1816  James Keith (acting)               (b. 1782 - d. 1851)
Chief of the Coast (at Fort George)
 7 Jun 1816 - 21 Mar 1821  James Keith                        (s.a.)
Chief Factors in Columbia (at Fort George to 1825, then Fort Vancouver)
21 Mar 1821 - 30 Jun 1821  James Keith                        (s.a.)
                           + Donald McKenzie                  (b. 1783 - d. 1851)
1821                       James McMillan                     (b. 1783 - d. 1858)
1821 - 1822                John Haldane                       (b. c.1775 - d. 1857)
1822 - 1824                John Dugald Cameron                (b. c.1777 – d. 1857)
1824 - 18 May 1825         Alexander Kennedy                  (b. 1781 – d. 1832)
18 May 1825 - 22 Mar 1838  John McLoughlin (1st time)         (b. 1784 - d. 1857)
22 Mar 1838 - 17 Oct 1839  Peter Skene Ogden                  (b. 1790 - d. 1854)
                           + James Douglas                    (b. 1803 - d. 1877)
                           + Samuel Black                     (b. 1780 - d. 1841)
17 Oct 1839 - 31 May 1845  John McLoughlin (2nd time)         (s.a.)
Chiefs of the Board of Management (at Fort Vancouver)
 1 Jun 1845 - Jan 1846     John McLoughlin                    (s.a.)
Jan 1846 -  4 Aug 1849     James Douglas                      (s.a.)
Agent of the Hudson's Bay Company
 4 Aug 1849 - 11 Mar 1850  James Douglas                      (s.a.)
Governors
11 Mar 1850 - 19 Nov 1858  Richard Blanshard                  (b. 1817 - d. 1894)
                             (also Lieutenant governor of Vancouver Island to 1 Sep 1851)
19 Nov 1858 - 20 Apr 1864  James Douglas                      (s.a.)
                             (from 14 Aug 1863, Sir James Douglas)
                             (also Lieutenant governor of Vancouver Island)
20 Apr 1864 - 10 Jun 1869  Frederick Seymour                  (b. 1820 - d. 1869)
10 Jun 1869 -  5 Jul 1871  Anthony Musgrave                   (b. 1828 - d. 1888)
                             (acting to 23 Aug 1869)
Lieutenant Governors
 5 Jul 1871 - 27 Jun 1876  Sir Joseph William Trutch          (b. 1826 - d. 1904)
27 Jun 1876 - 21 Jun 1881  Albert Norton Richards             (b. 1822 - d. 1897)
21 Jun 1881 -  8 Feb 1887  Clement Francis Cornwall           (b. 1836 - d. 1910)
 8 Feb 1887 -  1 Nov 1892  Hugh Nelson                        (b. 1830 - d. 1893)
 1 Nov 1892 - 18 Nov 1897  Edgar Dewdney                      (b. 1835 - d. 1916)
18 Nov 1897 - 21 Jun 1900  Thomas Robert McInnes              (b. 1840 - d. 1904)
21 Jun 1900 - 11 May 1906  Sir Henri Gustave Joly de          (b. 1829 - d. 1908)
                             Lotbinière
11 May 1906 -  3 Dec 1909  James Dunsmuir                     (b. 1851 - d. 1920)
 3 Dec 1909 -  5 Dec 1914  Thomas Wilson Paterson             (b. 1852 - d. 1921)
 5 Dec 1914 -  9 Dec 1919  Francis "Frank" Stillman Barnard   (b. 1856 - d. 1936)
                             (from 1 Jan 1918, Sir Francis Stillman Barnard)
 9 Dec 1919 - 12 Dec 1920  Edward Gawler Prior                (b. 1853 - d. 1920)
12 Dec 1920 - 24 Dec 1920  James Alexander MacDonald (acting) (b. 1858 - d. 1939)
24 Dec 1920 - 21 Jan 1926  Walter Cameron Nichol              (b. 1866 - d. 1928)
21 Jan 1926 - 18 Jul 1931  Robert Randolph Bruce              (b. 1861 - d. 1942)
18 Jul 1931 -  1 May 1936  John William Fordham Johnson       (b. 1866 - d. 1938)
 1 May 1936 - 29 Aug 1941  Eric Werge Hamber                  (b. 1879 - d. 1960)
29 Aug 1941 -  1 Oct 1946  William Culham Woodward            (b. 1885 - d. 1957)
 1 Oct 1946 -  1 Oct 1950  Charles Arthur Banks               (b. 1885 - d. 1961)
 1 Oct 1950 -  3 Oct 1955  Clarence Wallace                   (b. 1893 - d. 1982)
 3 Oct 1955 - 12 Oct 1960  Frank Mackenzie Ross               (b. 1891 - d. 1971)
12 Oct 1960 -  2 Jul 1968  George Randolph Pearkes            (b. 1888 - d. 1984)
 2 Jul 1968 - 13 Feb 1973  John Robert Nicholson              (b. 1901 - d. 1983)
13 Feb 1973 - 18 May 1978  Walter Stewart Owen                (b. 1904 - d. 1981)
18 May 1978 - 15 Jul 1983  Henry Pybus "Budge" Bell-Irving    (b. 1913 - d. 2002)
15 Jul 1983 -  9 Sep 1988  Robert Gordon Rogers               (b. 1919 - d. 2010)
 9 Sep 1988 - 21 Apr 1995  David See-chai Lam                 (b. 1923 - d. 2010)
21 Apr 1995 - 25 Sep 2001  Garde Basil Gardom                 (b. 1924 - d. 2013)
25 Sep 2001 -  1 Oct 2007  Iona Victoria Campagnolo (f)       (b. 1932 - d. 2024)
 1 Oct 2007 -  2 Nov 2012  Steven Lewis Point                 (b. 1951)
 2 Nov 2012 - 24 Apr 2018  Judith Isabel Guichon (f)          (b. 1947)
24 Apr 2018 -              Janet Edna Merivale Austin (f)     (b. 1956)

Premiers
13 Nov 1871 - 23 Dec 1872  John Foster McCreight              (b. 1827 - d. 1913)  Non-party
23 Dec 1872 - 11 Feb 1874  Amor De Cosmos                     (b. 1825 - d. 1897)  Non-party
                             (= William Alexander Smith) 
11 Feb 1874 -  1 Feb 1876  George Anthony "Boomer" Walkem     (b. 1834 - d. 1908)  Non-party
                             (1st time)
 1 Feb 1876 - 25 Jun 1878  Andrew Charles Elliott             (b. 1828 - d. 1889)  Non-party
25 Jun 1878 - 13 Jun 1882  George Anthony "Boomer" Walkem     (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (2nd time)
13 Jun 1882 - 29 Jan 1883  Robert Beaven                      (b. 1836 - d. 1920)  Non-party
29 Jan 1883 - 28 Mar 1887  William Smithe                     (b. 1842 - d. 1887)  Non-party
28 Mar 1887 -  1 Apr 1887  John Robson (1st time)(acting)     (b. 1824 - d. 1892)  Non-party
 1 Apr 1887 -  1 Aug 1889  Alexander Edmund Batson Davie      (b. 1847 - d. 1889)  Non-party
 1 Aug 1889 - 29 Jun 1892  John Robson (2nd time)             (b. 1824 - d. 1892)  Non-party
                             (acting to 2 Aug 1889)
29 Jun 1892 -  4 Mar 1895  Theodore Davie                     (b. 1852 - d. 1898)  Non-party
                             (acting to 2 Jul 1892)
 4 Mar 1895 - 15 Aug 1898  John Herbert Turner                (b. 1834 - d. 1923)  Non-party
15 Aug 1898 - 28 Feb 1900  Charles "Charlie" Augustus Semlin  (b. 1836 - d. 1927)  Non-party
28 Feb 1900 - 15 Jun 1900  Joseph Martin                      (b. 1852 - d. 1923)  Non-party
15 Jun 1900 - 21 Nov 1902  James Dunsmuir                     (s.a.)               Non-party
21 Nov 1902 -  1 Jun 1903  Edward Gawler Prior                (s.a.)               Non-party
 1 Jun 1903 - 15 Dec 1915  Richard McBride                    (b. 1870 - d. 1917)  Con
                             (from 14 Jun 1912, Sir Richard McBride) 
15 Dec 1915 - 23 Nov 1916  William John Bowser                (b. 1867 - d. 1933)  Con
23 Nov 1916 -  1 Mar 1918  Harlan Carey Brewster              (b. 1870 - d. 1918)  Lib
 1 Mar 1918 -  6 Mar 1918  John Duncan MacLean (1st time)     (b. 1873 - d. 1948)  Lib
                             (acting)
 6 Mar 1918 - 17 Aug 1927  John Oliver                        (b. 1856 - d. 1927)  Lib
17 Aug 1927 - 21 Aug 1928  John Duncan MacLean (2nd time)     (s.a.)               Lib
                             (acting to 20 Aug 1927)
21 Aug 1928 - 15 Nov 1933  Simon Fraser Tolmie                (b. 1867 - d. 1937)  Con
15 Nov 1933 -  9 Dec 1941  Thomas Dufferin "Duff" Pattullo    (b. 1873 - d. 1956)  Lib
 9 Dec 1941 - 29 Dec 1947  John Hart                          (b. 1879 - d. 1957)  Lib
29 Dec 1947 -  1 Aug 1952  Byron "Boss" Ingemar Johnson       (b. 1890 - d. 1964)  Lib
                             (= Björn Ingimar Jónsson)
 1 Aug 1952 - 15 Sep 1972  William Andrew Cecil Bennett       (b. 1900 - d. 1979)  SC
15 Sep 1972 - 22 Dec 1975  David Barrett                      (b. 1930 - d. 2018)  NDP
22 Dec 1975 -  6 Aug 1986  William Richards Bennett           (b. 1932 - d. 2015)  SC
 6 Aug 1986 -  2 Apr 1991  William Nicholas Vander Zalm       (b. 1934)            SC
                             (= Wilhelmus Nicholaas Theodore Marie van der Zalm)
 2 Apr 1991 -  5 Nov 1991  Rita Margaret Johnston (f)         (b. 1935)            SC
 5 Nov 1991 - 22 Feb 1996  Michael "Mike" Franklin Harcourt   (b. 1943)            NDP
22 Feb 1996 - 25 Aug 1999  Glen David Clark                   (b. 1957)            NDP
25 Aug 1999 - 24 Feb 2000  Arthur Daniel "Dan" Miller         (b. 1944)            NDP
24 Feb 2000 -  5 Jun 2001  Ujjal Dev Dosanjh                  (b. 1947)            NDP
 5 Jun 2001 - 14 Mar 2011  Gordon Muir Campbell               (b. 1948)            Lib
14 Mar 2011 - 18 Jul 2017  Christina "Christy" Joan Clark (f) (b. 1965)            Lib
18 Jul 2017 - 18 Nov 2022  John Joseph Horgan                 (b. 1959 - d. 2024)  NDP
18 Nov 2022 -              David Robert Patrick Eby           (b. 1976)            NDP

New Caledonia

1806                       Fort James, on Stuart Lake, founded by the North West Company,
                             eventually becoming the headquarters of New Caledonia district.
1815                       North West Company's business west of the Rocky Mountains is
                             divided into two districts: the New Caledonia District in the
                             northern interior and the Columbia District to the south.
1825                       New Caledonia district merged into the Columbia Department
                             (see British Columbia)(completed in 1827), but New Caledonia
                             retains a separate chief factor until 1847.

Chief Factors
 7 Jun 1816 - 21 Mar 1821  Donald McKenzie                    (b. 1783 - d. 1851)
1821 - 1824                Alexander Kennedy                  (b. 1781 – d. 1832)
1824 - 1831                William Connolly                   (b. 1786 - d. 1848)
1831 - 1835                Peter Warren Dease                 (b. 1788 - d. 1863)
1835 - 1845                Peter Skene Ogden                  (b. 1794 - d. 1854)
1845 - 1847                John Lee Lewes                     (b. 1792 - d. 1872)

19 Jul 1862                Stickeen (Stikine) Territories, split from the North-Western
                             Territories (extending northward from British Columbia to 
                             62 degree North latitude); a separate dependency of
                             British Columbia.
28 Jul 1863                Divided between British Columbia and Northwestern Territory
                             following the 60 degree North Latitude.

Administrator (also the Lieutenant governor of British Columbia)
19 Jul 1862 - 28 Jul 1863  James Douglas                     (b. 1803 - d. 1877)

Map of Vancouver Colony

Capital: Victoria (Fort Victoria 1843-1849)

Population: 20,000 (1859 est.)

29 Mar 1778 - 26 Apr 1778  British Capt. James Cook becomes the first European to land on
                             Vancouver Island at Nootka Sound, leaving on 26 Apr 1778.
1788                       Fur trader John Meares (b. c.1756 - d. 1809), arriving in 1786, sets
                             up a trading post near the native village of Yuquot (Friendly
                             Cove) at the entrance to Nootka Sound.
21 Jun 1789                Spanish Lt. Esteban José Martínez (b. 1742 - d. 1798) takes formal
                             possession for Spain at Nootka and expels British traders.
1789 - 1794                Spanish forts of Santa Cruz de Nuca and San Miguel at Friendly
                             Cove in Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island.
29 Apr 1792 - 28 Aug 1792  Coastal regions explored by British Capt. George Vancouver (b. 1757
                             - d. 1798).
Aug 1792                   Named Quadra's and Vancouver's Island jointly by British Capt.
                             George Vancouver (b. 1757 - d. 1798) and Spanish Capt. Juan
                             Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra (b. 1743 - d. 1794). 
11 Jan 1794                By the "Convention for the Mutual Abandonment of Nootka" called for 
                             both Spanish and British to withdraw and the Spanish depart.
1824                       Vancouver's Island had become the usual designation in Hudson's Bay
                             Company correspondence for the island by this date.
1843                       Fort Victoria (named Fort Albert to 10 Jun 1843) founded.
14 Mar 1843                Settlement begun by the Hudson's Bay Company.
13 Jan 1849                Island of Vancouver leased to Hudson's Bay Company by the Crown
                             (lease expires 30 May 1859).
16 Jul 1849                British colony (Island of Vancouver and its Dependencies).
 2 Aug 1858                British crown colony
 6 Aug 1866                Vancouver Island united with British Columbia (effective 19 Nov
                             1866).

Lieutenant Governors
 9 Mar 1850 -  1 Sep 1851  Richard Blanshard                  (b. 1817 - d. 1894)
                             (from 11 Mar 1850, also governor of British Columbia)
                             (appointed 16 Jul 1849)
 1 Sep 1851 - 25 Mar 1864  James Douglas                      (b. 1803 - d. 1877)
                             (from 14 Aug 1863, Sir James Douglas)
                             (from 19 Nov 1858, also governor of British Columbia)
25 Mar 1864 - 23 Oct 1866  Arthur Edward Kennedy              (b. 1810 - d. 1883)
23 Oct 1866 - 19 Nov 1866  William Alexander George Young     (b. 1827 - d. 1885)
                             (acting)

27 Sep 1852                Colony of Queen Charlotte Islands; a separate dependency
                             of Vancouver Island.
28 Jul 1863                Incorporated into British Columbia.

Lieutenant governor (also the Lieutenant governor of Vancouver Island)
27 Sep 1852 - 28 Jul 1863  James Douglas                     (b. 1803 - d. 1877)

1869 Metis Red River Flag	2 Aug 1870 - 10 May 1905 Unofficial	10 May 1905 - 12 May 1966 Unofficial
Adopted 12 May 1966

 4 Sep 1812                Assiniboia (popularly called "Red River Settlement") separated 
                             from Prince Rupert's Land.
 8 Jan 1814                Governor of Assiniboia, on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company,                              issued a proclamation establishing the boundaries of the
                             territory of Assiniboia, and forbidding the export of any
                             provisions - including chiefly of pemmican - from said
                             territory for a year called the "Pemmican Proclamation."
 4 May 1836                Re-incorporated into Rupert's Land, later Northwestern Territories,
                             as the District of Assiniboia.
Jun 1867 - Spring 1868     "Republic of Manitobah" is declared by Thomas Spence (b. 1832 -
                             d. 1900) in rebellion at the Portage la Prairie.
20 Oct 1869 - 20 Aug 1870  Red River Métis revolt (Provisional Government of Red River).
15 Jul 1870                Manitoba (province of Canada), separated from Northwest Territories
                             (the lieutenant governor arrives 2 Sep 1870).

Governors of Assiniboia 
30 Aug 1812 - 16 Jun 1815  Miles Macdonell                    (b. 1769 - d. 1828)
14 Jul 1815 - 11 Jun 1816  Colin Robertson                    (b. 1783 - d. 1842)
11 Jun 1816 - 19 Jun 1816  Robert Semple                      (b. 1777 - d. 1816)
19 Jun 1816 - Jun 1822     Alexander McDonell                 (b. 1774 - d. 1840) 
                             (acting to Aug 1816)
28 Jun 1822 -  6 Aug 1823  Andrew H. Bulger                   (b. 1789 - d. 1858)
 6 Aug 1823 - 25 Sep 1823  William Kempt (acting)
25 Sep 1823 - Jun 1825     Robert Parker Pelly                (b. 1790 - d. 1825)
Jun 1825 - Jun 1833        Donald McKenzie                    (b. 1783 - d. 1851)
Jun 1833 - 13 Jun 1839     Alexander Christie (1st time)      (b. 1792 - d. 1872)
13 Jun 1839 - 19 Jun 1844  Duncan Finlayson                   (b. c.1795 - d. 1862)
19 Jun 1844 - 20 Sep 1848  Alexander Christie (2nd time)      (s.a.)
10 Sep 1846 - 16 Jun 1847  John Ffolliott Crofton             (b. 1800 - d. 1885)
                             (acting for Christie)
16 Jun 1847 - 20 Sep 1848  John Thomas Griffiths              (b. 1798 - d. 1876)
                             (acting for Christie)
20 Sep 1848 - 27 Feb 1856  William Bletterman Caldwell        (b. c.1798 - d. 1882)
27 Feb 1856 -  9 Dec 1858  Francis Godschall Johnson          (b. 1817 - d. 1894)
 9 Dec 1858 - 15 May 1870  William Mactavish (McTavish)       (b. 1815 - d. 1870)
                             (Métis prisoner 1 Dec 1869 - 15 Feb 1870)
Oct? 1869 - Mar 1870       John Black (recorder)(acting)      (b. 1817 - d. 1879)
President of the National Committee of the Red River Métis
20 Oct 1869 - 24 Nov 1869  John Bruce                         (b. 1837 - d. 1893)
Provisional Presidents of Red River
24 Nov 1869 - 27 Dec 1869  John Bruce                         (s.a.)
27 Dec 1869 - 20 Aug 1870  Louis Riel                         (b. 1844 - d. 1885)
Governor of Assiniboia
24 Aug 1870 -  2 Sep 1870  Donald Alexander Smith (acting)    (b. 1820 - d. 1914)
Lieutenant Governors of Manitoba
 2 Sep 1870 -  2 Dec 1872  Adams George Archibald             (b. 1814 - d. 1892)
 9 Apr 1872 -  2 Dec 1872  Francis Godschall Johnson          (s.a.)
                             (commission revoked; did not take office)
 2 Dec 1872 -  8 Oct 1877  Alexander Morris                   (b. 1826 - d. 1889)
 8 Oct 1877 - 29 Sep 1882  Joseph Édouard Cauchon             (b. 1816 - d. 1885)
29 Sep 1882 -  1 Jul 1888  James Cox Aikins                   (b. 1823 - d. 1904)
 1 Jul 1888 -  2 Sep 1895  John Christian Schultz             (b. 1840 - d. 1896)
 2 Sep 1895 - 10 Oct 1900  James Colebrooke Patterson         (b. 1839 - d. 1929)
10 Oct 1900 -  1 Aug 1911  Daniel Hunter McMillan             (b. 1846 - d. 1933)
                             (from 26 Jun 1902, Sir Daniel Hunter McMillan)                      
 1 Aug 1911 -  3 Aug 1916  Douglas Colin Cameron              (b. 1854 - d. 1921) 
                             (from 1 Jan 1914, Sir Douglas Colin Cameron)
 3 Aug 1916 -  9 Oct 1926  Sir James Albert Manning Aikins    (b. 1851 - d. 1929)
 9 Oct 1926 - 18 Jan 1929  Theodore Arthur Burrows            (b. 1857 - d. 1929)
18 Jan 1929 - 25 Jan 1929  William Egerton Perdue (acting)    (b. 1850 - d. 1933)
25 Jan 1929 -  1 Dec 1934  James Duncan McGregor              (b. 1860 - d. 1935)
 1 Dec 1934 -  1 Nov 1940  William Johnston Tupper            (b. 1862 - d. 1947)
 1 Nov 1940 -  1 Aug 1953  Roland Fairbairn McWilliams        (b. 1874 - d. 1957)
 1 Aug 1953 - 15 Jan 1960  John Stewart McDiarmid             (b. 1882 - d. 1965)
15 Jan 1960 -  1 Nov 1965  Errick French Willis               (b. 1896 - d. 1967)
 1 Nov 1965 -  2 Sep 1970  Richard Spink Bowles               (b. 1912 - d. 1988)
 2 Sep 1970 - 15 Mar 1976  William John McKeag                (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
15 Mar 1976 - 23 Oct 1981  Francis Lawrence "Bud" Jobin       (b. 1914 - d. 1995)
23 Oct 1981 - 11 Dec 1986  Pearl Kathryne McGonigal (f)       (b. 1929)
11 Dec 1986 -  5 Mar 1993  George Johnson                     (b. 1920 - d. 1995)
 5 Mar 1993 -  2 Mar 1999  W. Yvon Dumont                     (b. 1951)
 2 Mar 1999 - 30 Jun 2004  Peter Michael Liba                 (b. 1940 - d. 2007)
30 Jun 2004 -  4 Aug 2009  John Harvard                       (b. 1938 - d. 2016)
 4 Aug 2009 - 19 Jun 2015  Philip Siu Lun Lee                 (b. 1944)
19 Jun 2015 - 24 Oct 2022  Janice Clare Filmon (f)            (b. 1943)
24 Oct 2022 -              Anita Ruth Neville (f)             (b. 1942)

Premiers
16 Sep 1870 - 14 Dec 1871  Alfred Boyd                        (b. 1836 - d. 1908)  Non-party
14 Dec 1871 - 14 Mar 1872  Marc-Amable Girard (1st time)      (b. 1822 - d. 1892)  Non-party
14 Mar 1872 -  8 Jul 1874  Henry Joseph Clarke                (b. 1833 - d. 1889)  Non-party
 8 Jul 1874 -  3 Dec 1874  Marc-Amable Girard (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Non-party
 3 Dec 1874 - 16 Oct 1878  Robert Atkinson Davis              (b. 1841 - d. 1903)  Non-party
16 Oct 1878 - 26 Dec 1887  John Norquay                       (b. 1841 - d. 1889)  Con
26 Dec 1887 - 19 Jan 1888  David Howard Harrison              (b. 1843 - d. 1905)  Con
19 Jan 1888 - 10 Jan 1900  Thomas Greenway                    (b. 1838 - d. 1908)  Lib
10 Jan 1900 - 29 Oct 1900  Hugh John Macdonald                (b. 1850 - d. 1929)  Con
29 Oct 1900 - 12 May 1915  Rodmond Palen Roblin               (b. 1853 - d. 1937)  Con
                             (from 14 Jun 1912, Sir Rodmond Palen Roblin) 
12 May 1915 -  8 Aug 1922  Tobias Crawford Norris             (b. 1861 - d. 1936)  Lib
 8 Aug 1922 - 14 Jan 1943  John Bracken                       (b. 1883 - d. 1969)  L-P
14 Jan 1943 - 13 Nov 1948  Stuart Sinclair Garson             (b. 1898 - d. 1977)  L-P
13 Nov 1948 - 30 Jun 1958  Douglas Lloyd Campbell             (b. 1895 - d. 1995)  L-P
30 Jun 1958 - 27 Nov 1967  Dufferin "Duff" Roblin             (b. 1917 - d. 2010)  PC
27 Nov 1967 - 15 Jul 1969  Walter Cocksmith Weir              (b. 1929 - d. 1985)  PC
15 Jul 1969 - 24 Nov 1977  Edward Richard Schreyer            (b. 1935)            NDP
24 Nov 1977 - 30 Nov 1981  Sterling Rufus Lyon                (b. 1927 - d. 2010)  PC
30 Nov 1981 -  9 May 1988  Howard Russell Pawley              (b. 1934 - d. 2015)  NDP
 9 May 1988 -  5 Oct 1999  Gary Albert Filmon                 (b. 1942)            PC
 5 Oct 1999 - 19 Oct 2009  Gary Albert Doer                   (b. 1948)            NDP
19 Oct 2009 -  3 May 2016  Gregory "Greg" Francis Selinger    (b. 1951)            NDP
 3 May 2016 -  1 Sep 2021  Brian William Pallister            (b. 1954)            PC
 1 Sep 2021 -  2 Nov 2021  Kelvin Goertzen                    (b. 1969)            PC
 2 Nov 2021 - 18 Oct 2023  Heather Dorothy Stefanson (f)      (b. 1970)            PC
18 Oct 2023 -              Wabanakwut "Wab" Kinew             (b. 1981)            NDP

18 Jun 1784                New Brunswick a separate colony (previously part of Nova Scotia).
22 May 1848                Responsible government granted.
 1 Jul 1867                Province of Canada

Governor
22 Nov 1784 - 20 May 1786  Thomas Carleton                    (b. 1735 - d. 1817)
                             (appointed 18 Aug 1784)
Lieutenant Governors
20 May 1786 -  2 Feb 1817  Thomas Carleton                    (s.a.)
                             (departs 5 Oct 1803)
- Administrators acting for Carleton -
 5 Oct 1803 - 12 Feb 1808  Gabriel George Ludlow              (b. 1736 - d. 1808)
12 Feb 1808 - 24 May 1808  Edward Winslow                     (b. 1746 - d. 1815)
24 May 1808 - 17 Dec 1808  Martin Hunter (1st time)           (b. 1757 - d. 1846)
17 Dec 1808 - 26 Apr 1809  George Johnstone                   (b. 17.. - d. 1825)
26 Apr 1809 - 10 Sep 1811  Martin Hunter (2nd time)           (s.a.)
10 Sep 1811 - 14 Nov 1811  William Balfour                    (b. 1759 - d. 1811)
14 Nov 1811 - 15 Jun 1812  Martin Hunter (3rd time)           (s.a.)
15 Jun 1812 - 17 Aug 1813  George Stracey Smyth (1st time)    (b. 1767 - d. 1823)
17 Aug 1813 -  3 Jul 1814  Sir Thomas Saumarez                (b. 1760 - d. 1845)
 3 Jul 1814 - 25 Jun 1816  George Stracey Smyth (2nd time)    (s.a.)
Lieutenant Governors
25 Jun 1816 -  1 Jul 1817  Harris William Hailes              (b. 1752 - d. 1819)
                             (acting [for Carleton to 2 Feb 1817])
 1 Jul 1817 - 27 Mar 1823  George Stracey Smyth               (s.a.)
27 Mar 1823 -  9 Feb 1824  Ward Chipman (acting)              (b. 1754 - d. 1824)
 9 Feb 1824 - 21 Feb 1824  John Saunders (acting)             (b. 1754 - d. 1834)
21 Feb 1824 - 28 Aug 1824  John Murray Bliss (acting)         (b. 1771 - d. 1834)   
28 Aug 1824 -  1 Jul 1831  Sir Howard Douglas                 (b. 1776 - d. 1861)
30 Mar 1829 -  8 Sep 1831  William Black (acting)             (b. 1771 - d. 1866)
                             (acting [for Douglas to 1 Jul 1831])
 8 Sep 1831 -  1 Jun 1837  Sir Archibald Campbell             (b. 1769 - d. 1843)
 1 Jun 1837 - 26 Apr 1841  Sir John Harvey                    (b. 1778 - d. 1852)
27 Apr 1841 - 11 Apr 1848  Sir William MacBean George         (b. 1787 - d. 1870)
                             Colebrooke
11 Apr 1848 -  7 Oct 1854  Sir Edmund Walker Head             (b. 1805 - d. 1868)
 7 Oct 1854 - 26 Oct 1861  John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton   (b. 1814 - d. 1877)
26 Oct 1861 - 30 Sep 1866  Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon     (b. 1829 - d. 1912)
30 Sep 1866 - 18 Oct 1867  Charles Hastings Doyle             (b. 1804 - d. 1883)
18 Oct 1867 - 23 Jul 1868  Francis Pym Harding                (b. 1821 - d. 1875)
23 Jul 1868 - 15 Nov 1873  Lemuel Allan Wilmot                (b. 1809 - d. 1878)
15 Nov 1873 - 11 Jul 1878  Samuel Leonard Tilley (1st time)   (b. 1818 - d. 1896)
11 Jul 1878 -  6 Feb 1880  Edward Barron Chandler             (b. 1800 - d. 1880)
 6 Feb 1880 - 11 Feb 1880  John Campbell Allen (1st time)     (b. 1817 - d. 1898)
                             (acting)
11 Feb 1880 - 11 Nov 1885  Robert Duncan Wilmot               (b. 1809 - d. 1891)
11 Nov 1885 - 21 Sep 1893  Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
21 Sep 1893 -  4 Dec 1893  John Boyd                          (b. 1826 - d. 1893)
 4 Dec 1893 - 20 Dec 1893  Sir John Campbell Allen (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (acting)
20 Dec 1893 - 24 Nov 1896  John James Fraser                  (b. 1829 - d. 1896)
24 Nov 1896 -  9 Dec 1896  William Henry Tuck (1st time)      (b. 1831 - d. 1913)
                             (acting)
 9 Dec 1896 - 28 Jan 1902  Abner Reid McClelan                (b. 1831 - d. 1917)
28 Jan 1902 - 24 Feb 1907  Jabez Bunting Snowball             (b. 1837 - d. 1907)
24 Feb 1907 -  5 Mar 1907  William Henry Tuck (2nd time)      (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 5 Mar 1907 -  6 Mar 1912  Lemuel John Tweedie                (b. 1849 - d. 1917)
 6 Mar 1912 - 29 Jun 1917  Josiah Wood                        (b. 1843 - d. 1927)
29 Jun 1917 - 31 Oct 1917  Gilbert White Ganong               (b. 1851 - d. 1917)
31 Oct 1917 -  6 Nov 1917  John Douglas Hazen (acting)        (b. 1860 - d. 1937)
 6 Nov 1917 - 28 Feb 1923  William Pugsley                    (b. 1850 - d. 1925)
28 Feb 1923 - 28 Dec 1928  William Frederick Todd             (b. 1854 - d. 1935)
28 Dec 1928 -  8 Feb 1935  Hugh Havelock McLean               (b. 1854 - d. 1938)
 8 Feb 1935 -  5 Mar 1940  Murray MacLaren                    (b. 1861 - d. 1942)
 5 Mar 1940 -  1 Nov 1945  William George Clark               (b. 1865 - d. 1948)
 1 Nov 1945 -  5 Jun 1958  David Laurence MacLaren            (b. 1893 - d. 1960)
 5 Jun 1958 -  9 Jun 1965  Joseph Leonard O'Brien             (b. 1895 - d. 1973)
 9 Jun 1965 - 31 Jan 1968  John Babbitt McNair                (b. 1889 - d. 1968)
 1 Feb 1968 -  2 Oct 1971  Wallace Samuel Bird                (b. 1917 - d. 1971)
 2 Oct 1971 -  8 Oct 1971  George F.G. Bridges (acting)       (b. 1897 - d. 1976)
 8 Oct 1971 - 23 Dec 1981  Hédard Joseph Robichaud            (b. 1911 - d. 1999)
23 Dec 1981 - 20 Aug 1987  George Francis Gillman Stanley     (b. 1907 - d. 2002)
20 Aug 1987 - 21 Jun 1994  Gilbert Finn                       (b. 1920 - d. 2015)
21 Jun 1994 - 18 Apr 1997  Margaret Norrie McCain (f)         (b. 1934)
18 Apr 1997 - 26 Aug 2003  Marilyn Trenholme Counsell (f)     (b. 1933)
26 Aug 2003 - 30 Sep 2009  Herménégilde Chiasson              (b. 1946)
30 Sep 2009 - 23 Oct 2014  Graydon Nicholas                   (b. 1946)
23 Oct 2014 -  2 Aug 2019  Jocelyne Roy-Vienneau (f)          (b. 1956 - d. 2019)
 2 Aug 2019 -  8 Sep 2019  Marc Richard (acting)              (b. 1959)
 8 Sep 2019 -              Brenda Murphy (f)                  (b. 1958)

Chairman of the Executive Council
22 May 1848 - 31 Oct 1854  Edward Barron Chandler             (s.a.)               Con
Premiers
 1 Nov 1854 - 22 May 1856  Charles Fisher (1st time)          (b. 1808 - d. 1880)  Lib
22 May 1856 -  1 Jun 1857  John Hamilton Gray                 (b. 1814 - d. 1889)  Con
 1 Jun 1857 - 18 Mar 1861  Charles Fisher (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Lib
18 Mar 1861 - 21 Sep 1865  Samuel Leonard Tilley              (s.a.)               Lib
21 Sep 1865 - 14 Apr 1866  Albert James Smith                 (b. 1822 - d. 1883)  AC
14 Apr 1866 - 16 Aug 1867  Peter Mitchell                     (b. 1824 - d. 1899)  Cnf
16 Aug 1867 -  9 Jun 1870  Andrew Rainsford Wetmore           (b. 1820 - d. 1892)  Cnf
 9 Jun 1870 - 21 Feb 1871  George Edwin King (1st time)       (b. 1839 - d. 1901)  Con
21 Feb 1871 -  5 Jul 1872  George Luther Hatheway             (b. 1813 - d. 1872)  Con
 5 Jul 1872 -  3 May 1878  George Edwin King (2nd time)       (s.a.)               Con
 3 May 1878 - 25 May 1882  John James Fraser                  (s.a.)               Con
25 May 1882 -  3 Mar 1883  Daniel Lionel Hanington            (b. 1835 - d. 1909)  Con
 3 Mar 1883 - 17 Jul 1896  Andrew George Blair                (b. 1844 - d. 1907)  Lib
17 Jul 1896 - 29 Oct 1897  James Mitchell                     (b. 1843 - d. 1897)  Lib
29 Oct 1897 - 31 Aug 1900  Henry Robert Emmerson              (b. 1853 - d. 1914)  Lib
31 Aug 1900 -  6 Mar 1907  Lemuel John Tweedie                (s.a.)               Lib 
 6 Mar 1907 - 31 May 1907  William Pugsley                    (s.a.)               Lib 
31 May 1907 - 24 Mar 1908  Clifford William Robinson          (b. 1866 - d. 1944)  Lib
24 Mar 1908 - 16 Oct 1911  John Douglas Hazen                 (s.a.)               Con
16 Oct 1911 - 17 Dec 1914  James Kidd Flemming                (b. 1868 - d. 1927)  Con
17 Dec 1914 -  1 Feb 1917  George Johnson Clarke              (b. 1857 - d. 1917)  Con
 1 Feb 1917 -  4 Apr 1917  James Alexander Murray             (b. 1864 - d. 1960)  Con
 4 Apr 1917 - 28 Feb 1923  Walter Edward Foster               (b. 1873 - d. 1947)  Lib
28 Feb 1923 - 14 Sep 1925  Peter John Veniot                  (b. 1863 - d. 1936)  Lib
14 Sep 1925 - 19 May 1931  John Babington Macaulay Baxter     (b. 1868 - d. 1946)  Con
19 May 1931 -  1 Jun 1933  Charles Dow Richards               (b. 1879 - d. 1956)  Con
 1 Jun 1933 - 16 Jul 1935  Leonard Percy de Wolfe Tilley      (b. 1870 - d. 1947)  Con
16 Jul 1935 - 13 Mar 1940  Albert Allison Dysart              (b. 1880 - d. 1962)  Lib
13 Mar 1940 -  8 Oct 1952  John Babbitt McNair                (s.a.)               Lib
 8 Oct 1952 - 12 Jul 1960  Hugh John Flemming                 (b. 1899 - d. 1982)  PC
12 Jul 1960 - 12 Nov 1970  Louis Joseph Robichaud             (b. 1925 - d. 2005)  Lib 
12 Nov 1970 - 27 Oct 1987  Richard Bennett Hatfield           (b. 1931 - d. 1991)  PC
27 Oct 1987 - 13 Oct 1997  Francis "Frank" Joseph McKenna     (b. 1948)            Lib
13 Oct 1997 - 14 May 1998  Joseph Raymond Frenette            (b. 1935 - d. 2018)  Lib 
14 May 1998 - 21 Jun 1999  Camille Thériault                  (b. 1955)            Lib 
21 Jun 1999 -  3 Oct 2006  Bernard Lord                       (b. 1965)            PC
 3 Oct 2006 - 12 Oct 2010  Shawn Michael Graham               (b. 1968)            Lib
12 Oct 2010 -  7 Oct 2014  David Nathan Alward                (b. 1959)            PC
 7 Oct 2014 -  9 Nov 2018  Brian Alexander Gallant            (b. 1982)            Lib
 9 Nov 2018 -  2 Nov 2024  Blaine Myron Higgs                 (b. 1954)            PC
 2 Nov 2024 -              Susan Holt (f)                     (b. 1977)            Lib

c.990 - c.1050             Norse Viking settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows at the tip of the
                             Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland. Labrador is called
                             Helluland, and Newfoundland is called Markland.
24 Jun 1497                Capt. John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto)(b. c.1450 - d. c.1500), sailing
                             for England, makes landfall somewhere on the coast of North
                             America, likely Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland (or nearby Cape
                             Breton Island), claiming the land for the King of England.
1498                       Portuguese explorer João Fernandes Lavrador (b. 1453 - d. c.1501),
                             with Pêro de Barcelos, sighted what is now known as Labrador.
1501                       Miguel and Gaspar Corte-Real explore Newfoundland and Labrador,
                             claiming them for Portugal.
1519                       Saint John's earliest record of its location appears as São João
                             (Rio de San Johem) in a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel (b. c.1485 -
                             d. 1540).
 5 Aug 1583                Sir Humphrey Gilbert (b. c.1539 - d. 1583) claims possession of
                             New Found Land (New Founde Lande) at modern St. John's for England
                             under Royal Charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I.
 2 May 1610                The Tresurer and the Companye of Adventurers and planter of the
                             Cittye of London and Bristoll for the Collonye or plantacon in
                             Newfoundland chartered by King James I with a monopoly in
                             agriculture, mining, fishing and hunting on the Avalon Peninsula
                             until 1618. The company was known as the "London and Bristol
                             Company" or simply the "Newfoundland Company."
Aug 1610 - 1621            Guy's proprietary colony at Cuper's Cove (from Cape Mary's to
                             Cape Bonavista) on behalf of Bristol Society of Merchant Venturers.
1617 - 1620                Trepassey/Renews proprietary colony, originally named Cambriol, of
                             sir William Vaughan (b. 1575 - d. 1641) under Richard Whitbourne
                             as governor from 1618.
1618 - 1628                Plantation of Bristol's Hope under the Bristol Society of Merchant
                             Venturers who received a charter from King James I of England.
1623 - 1626                South Falkland proprietary colony of Henry Cary, Lord Falkland
                             (b. c.1575 - d. 1633) at Renews, under Sir Francis Tanfield.
Aug 1621                   Lord Baltimore's proprietary colony founded at Avalon (from 1623,
                             Avalon Province). Baltimore's Avalon charter is revoked 13 Nov 1637,
                             but restored by King Charles II 20 Mar 1661.
24 Jan 1634                Western Charter officially recognized the office of Fishing Admiral
                             as an office for the control of the fishing fleet given to the
                             first fishing captain to arrive on station during the fishing
                             season. He was called upon to "settle all disputes among the
                             fishermen, and enforce due attention to certain Acts of
                             Parliament".
13 Nov 1637                Avalon becomes the core of a unified colony of Newfoundland, called
                             by the French the 'English Shore'.
13 Nov 1637 - Sep 1651     Sir David Kirke (b. 1597 - d. 1654) and his partners, the Marquis
                             (later Duke) of Hamilton and the earls of Pembroke and Hollandare,
                             are granted a royal charter for co-proprietorship of the island of
                             Newfoundland. Avalon is renamed Pool Plantation.
1649 - 1651                Loyal to the Royalist forces of King Charles II during the English
                             Civil War.
May 1660 - 24 Sep 1703     Permanent government allowed to lapse. Certain judicial functions 
                             passed to the Royal Navy commodores of the fishing convoys,
                             leaving the colony without governance or defense, three or six 
                             months of the year, depending on the season.
16 Jun 1665                Dutch raid and destroy St. John's under Admiral Michiel Adriaenszoon
                             de Ruyter (b. 1607 - d. 1676).
 4-5 Sep 1673              Dutch raid and destroy Ferryland.
 5 May 1675                Order for the Removal of Inhabitants from Newfoundland by King
                             Charles II (not effected)(order is officially cancelled 1677).
21 Sep 1696                French raid and destroy Ferryland.
30 Nov 1696 -  4 Mar 1697  French and Indian occupation of St. John's under Pierre Le Moyne
                             d'Iberville (b. 1661 - d. 1706)(French take Ferryland on 10 Nov
                             1696, Cape Broyle 12 Nov 1696, Bay Bulls 24 Nov 1696, Petty
                             Harbour 26 Nov 1696, Torbay 2 Dec 1696, Portugal Cove 13 Jan 1697,
                             Harbour Main 20 Jan 1697, Port de Grave 23 Jan 1697, Carbonear 24
                             Jan 1697, Bay de Verde 6 Feb 1697, Hants Harbour 7 Feb 1697, New
                             Perlican and Hearts Content on 9 Feb 1697, and Brigus 11 Feb 1697).
 4 May 1699                An Act to Encourage the Trade to Newfoundland ("King William's Act")
                             codifies the customary regulations established in the Western
                             Charter. It permitted land grants to settlers with claims that
                             predated 1685, confirmed that the master of first ship to arrive
                             after March 25th was admiral of the port for the upcoming fishing
                             season. It also stated that the naval commanders of the warships
                             sent to Newfoundland each summer could act as appeal judges to the
                             Fishing Admirals' decisions.
21 Jan 1705 - 22 Feb 1705  French and Indians occupy St. John's under Daniel d'Auger de
                             Subercase (b. 1631 - d. 1732), but fail to take Fort William
                             (French take Ferryland, Bay Bulls and Petty Harbour in Jan 1705, in
                             summer 1705 they attacked and burned all the English communities
                             in Conception Bay, Trinity Bay, and Bonavista Bay, with exception
                             of Carbonear).
31 Dec 1708 -  1 Jan 1709  French and Indians under Joseph de Monbeton de Brouillan, dit
                             Saint-Ovide (b. 1676 - d. 1755) take St. John's and destroy Fort
                             William. 
11 Apr 1713                Placentia incorporated into Newfoundland.
11 Apr 1713 - 1744         France retains the right to fish Newfoundland from Cape Bonavista to
                             Point Riche. French cod fisherman are allowed to live on land only
                             during the fishing season and to only erect buildings for drying
                             fish on the northern coast (French Treaty Shore or French Shoals)
                             by the Treaty of Utrecht.
1729 - 1825                Newfoundland Station whose commander is commander-in-chief of the
                             annual fishing convoy established. The commanders of the fleet were
                             tasked with protecting the fishing convoys and were responsible for
                             administrative and judicial functions. The fleet usually arrived
                             off Newfoundland in Jul and Aug, generally returning to England,
                             towards the end of Oct.
22 May 1729                Civil government begins.
18 Oct 1748 - 1756         French Treaty Shore restored to France by Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
27 Jun 1762 - 18 Sep 1762  French occupation of St. John's and Ft. William (French take Bay
                             Bulls on 24 Jun 1762) under Charles Henri Louis d'Arsac, chevalier
                             de Ternay (b. 1723 - d. 1780).
25 Aug 1762 - 18 Sep 1762  British blockade of French occupied St. John's.
10 Feb 1763                Labrador ceded to Britain by France, previously part of Quebec
                             (Anticosti Island annexed to Newfoundland 1763-1774 and 1809-1825).
10 Feb 1763 - 1778         French Shoals (Treaty Shore) restored to France by Treaty of Paris.
 7 Oct 1763                Coast of Labrador annexed to Newfoundland.
22 Jun 1774                Coast of Labrador re-annexed to Quebec.
 3 Sep 1783 - 1793         French Shoals (Treaty Shore) restored to France, but the boundaries
                             changed from Cape St. John to Cape Ray by the Treaty of Versailles.
25 Mar 1802 - 1803         French Shoals (Treaty Shore) restored to France by Treaty of Amiens.
30 May 1814 - 1904         French Shoals (Treaty Shore) restored to France by Treaty of Paris
                             (confirmed 20 Nov 1815).
30 Mar 1809                Coast of Labrador re-annexed to Newfoundland.
17 Jun 1824                Newfoundland a crown colony.
 7 Jun 1832                Representative assembly granted to Newfoundland effected 1 Jan 1833.
 5 May 1855                Responsible government introduced.
 8 Apr 1904                France renounces use of the French Treaty Shore in exchange for an
                             indemnity and retains only the right to fish, but not use the shore,
                             within the traditional limits in the Newfoundland waters by the
                             1904 Anglo-French Convention. French Shore is formally abolished.
26 Sep 1907                Newfoundland a dominion (confirmed 17 Dec 1917, 18 Nov 1926 and
                             11 Dec 1931), official name remains simply "Newfoundland."
 1 Apr 1912                Newfoundland acquires the unorganized parts of western Labrador.
 1 Mar 1927                British Privy Council decides final Newfoundland-Quebec border
                             granting territory to Newfoundland (a decision which 
                             remains contested by Quebec).
11 Dec 1931                Statute of Westminster grants sovereignty to the British dominions,
                             but requires ratification by Newfoundland (which is never granted).
30 Jan 1934                Suspension of Newfoundland's constitution. 
16 Feb 1934 - 31 Mar 1949  Colonial rule restored, dominion status suspended.
22 Oct 1943 - 1944         German weather station Kurt (Wetter-Funkgerät Land-26) at Martin Bay
                             in Northern Labrador close to Cape Chidley during World War II.
23 Jul 1948                Second referendum of 1948 votes 52.3% for confederation with Canada
                             to 47.7% for restoration of responsible government.
 1 Apr 1949                Newfoundland a province of Canada.
27 Mar 1972                France renounces the privileges established to its advantage in
                             fishery matters by the 8 Apr 1904 London Convention (ratified
                             28 Mar 1973).
 6 Dec 2001                Renamed Newfoundland and Labrador.
 1 Dec 2005                Nunatsiavut (Inuit of northern Labrador) region granted autonomy.

Governors
 5 Aug 1583 -  9 Nov 1583  Sir Humphrey Gilbert               (b. c.1537 - d. 1583)
 9 Nov 1583 - 1610         Vacant
- of Cuper's Cove -
Aug 1610 - 1611            John Guy (1st time)                (b. 1568 - d. 1629)
1611 - 1612                Philip Guy
                           + William Colston
                           (acting)
1612 - 1615                John Guy (2nd time)                (s.a.)
1615                       Henry Crout (interim)
1615 - 1621                John Mason                         (b. 1586 - d. 1635)
- of Bristol's Hope -
1618 - 1628                Robert Hayman                      (b. 1575 - d. 1629)
- of Trepassey/Renewse (at Renews) -
1618 - 1620                Richard Whitbourne                 (b. 1561 - d. 1635)
- of South Falkland (at Renews) -
1623 - 1625                Sir Francis Tanfield               (b. 1565 - d. 1639)
- of Avalon (at Ferryland) -
Aug 1621 - 1625            Edward Wynne (Winne)
1625 - 1627                Sir Arthur Aston                   (b. 1571 - d. 1627)
1627 - 1632                George Calvert, Baron of           (b. 1580 - d. 1632)
                             Baltimore  
                             (left Newfoundland Sep 1629) 
Sep 1629 - 1634            Cecilius "Cecil" Calvert (acting)  (b. 1605 - d. 1675)
                             (from Apr 1632, Cecilius Calvert, Baron Baltimore)
1634 - 1638                William Hill (deputy governor)
- of all the Settlements (at Ferryland) -
1638 - Sep 1651            Sir David Kirke                    (b. 1597 - d. 1654)
                             (royalist governor)
20 Jun 1640 -  8 Apr 1651  John Downing, Sr. (deputy-governor)
 8 Apr 1651 - 27 May 1653  John Littlebury 
                             (head of the Board of Commissioners,
                             appointed by Parliament)
27 May 1653 - May 1660     John Treworgie (Treworgy)          (b. 1618 - d. af.1660)
Governors
May 1660 - 1661            .... (acting)
1661 - 1663                John Rayner (Raynor)(acting)
                             (appointed by Lord Baltimore)
                           + Pearse (acting)
1663                       Robert Swanley
                             (appointed by Lord Baltimore)
1665 - c.1675              Christopher Martin
                             (vice-admiral of the fishing fleet)
Commodores of the Fishing Convoys (Convoy Commodores)
1665                       Robert Robinson (1st time)         (b. c.1624 - d. 1705)
1666 - 1667                ....
1668                       Robert Robinson (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1669 - 1670                ....
1671                       William Davis                      (d. 1676)
1672 - 1674                ....
1675                       Sir John Berry                     (b. 1635 - d. 1689)
1676                       Edward Russell                     (b. 1653 - d. 1727)
1677                       Sir William Poole                  (d. af.1685)
1678                       Charles Talbot (1st time)          (b. 1640 - d. 1725)
1679                       Law Wright                         (d. af.1702)
1680                       Sir Robert Robinson (3rd time)     (s.a.)
1681                       James Storey                       (d. 1682)
1682                       Daniel Jones                       (d. 1685)
1683                       Charles Talbot (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1684                       Francis Wheeler                    (b. 1656 - d. 1694)
1685 - 1687                ....
1688 - 1689                Thomas Perry
1690                       ....
1691                       Charles Hawkins                    (d. 1694)
1692                       Thomas Crawley                     (d. 1701)
1693                       ....
1694                       William Holman
1695                       ....
1696                       William Whetstone                  (b. c.1631 - d. 1711)
1696 - 30 Nov 1696         Robert Miners -Governor
                            (elected by fishermen as governor of St. John's)
30 Nov 1696 - Mar 1697     Jacques-François de                (b. 1651 - d. 1705)
                             Monbeton Brouillan de 
                             Saint-André -Governor 
Mar 1697 - 1697            John Norris                        (b. 1607/71 - d. 1749)
1697 - 1698                Thomas Handasyde -Commander        (b. c.1645 - d. 1729)
                             (Handasyd)
1698 - Aug 1699            William Lilburn -Commander
                             (jailed Aug 1699)
1699                       Andrew Leake                       (b. c.1660 - d. 1704)
1699 - 1700                Andrews
1700                       Stafford Fairborne                 (b. 1666 - d. 1742)
1700 - 1701                Arthur Holdsworth                  (b. 1668 - d. 1726)
1701                       John Graydon                       (b. c.1666 - d. 1726) 
1702 - Dec 1702            John Leake                         (b. 1656 - d. 1720)
1703                       ....
1704 - 1705                Timothy Bridges                    (b. c.1670 - d. 1708)
1706 - 1707                John Underwood (Underdown)         (d. 1728)
1708                       Peter Chamberlain                  (d. 1720)
1708                       John Mitchell                      (d. 1710)
 8 Jan 1709 -  6 Oct 1709  Joseph Taylour -Commander          (b. c.1662 - d. 1734)
1710                       John Aldred                        (d. 1740)
1711                       Josias Crowe                       (d. 1714)
1712                       Sir Nicholas Trevanion             (b. c.1670 - d. 1737)
1713                       Robert Leake  
1714                       Charles Fotherby                   (b. 1670/75 - d. 1720)
1715                       William Kempthorne                 (b. c.1677 - d. 1736)
1716                       John Hagar                         (b. c.1681 - d. 1748)
1717                       William Passenger                  (d. 1729)
1718                       Thomas Scott                       (d. 1725)
1719                       Chaloner Ogle                      (b. 1681 - d. 1750)
1720                       Francis Percy                      (d. 1741)
1721                       James Stewart (Stuart)             (b. c.1678 - d. 1757)
1722 - 1727                Robert Bowler (Bouler)             (b. c.1676 - d. 1734)
1728                       Vere Beauclerk                     (b. 1699 - d. 1781)
Lieutenant governors (resident at St. John's, then Placentia)
1700 - 1702                Michael Richards                   (b. 1672 - d. 1721)
1702 - 1704                Thomas Lloyd (1st time)            (b. 16.. - d. 1710)
1704 - 1705                John Moody (1st time)              (b. c.1677 - d. 1736)
1705 - 1709                Thomas Lloyd (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1709 - 1712                John Collins                       (d. bf.1723)
1712 - 1719                John Moody (2nd time)              (s.a.)
1719 -  9 Jul 1719         Samuel Gledhill (1st time)         (b. 1677 - d. 1735/36)
 9 Jul 1719 - 1731         Richard Philipps                   (b. c.1661 - d. 1750)
1731 - 1735                Samuel Gledhill (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1736 - 1742?               Henry Cope                         (b. c.1688 - d. 1742)
1744 - c.1764              Otho Hamilton                      (b. c.1690 - d. 1770)
Commodore-Governors
14 May 1729 - 1730         Henry Osborne                      (b. 1694 - d. 1771)
25 Jul 1731 - 1732         George Clinton                     (b. 1686 - d. 1761)
13 Jul 1732 - 1732         Edward Falkingham                  (b. c.1683 - d. 1757)
Jul 1733 - 1734            Robert MacCarty, Viscount Muskerry (b. 1698 - d. 1769)
Jul 1735 - 1737            FitzRoy Henry Lee                  (b. 1699 - d. 1750)
Jul 1738 - 1738            Philip Vanbrugh                    (b. c.1681 - d. 1753)
1739 - 1740                Henry Medley                       (b. 1687 - d. 1747)
1740                       George Graham                      (b. 1715 - d. 1747)
Jul 1741 - 1741            Thomas Smith (1st time)            (b. 1707 - d. 1762)
16 Jun 1742 - 1742         John Byng                          (b. 1704 - d. 1757)
Jul 1743 - 1743            Thomas Smith (2nd time)            (s.a.)
Jul 1744 - 1744            Charles Hardy                      (b. 1716 - d. 1780)
Jul 1745 - 1745            Richard Edwards (1st time)         (d. 1773)
1746                       James Douglas (commodore)          (b. 1703 - d. 1787)
1747 - 1748                Vacant
Mar 1748 - 1749            Charles Watson                     (b. 1714 - d. 1757)
May 1749 - 1750            George Brydges Rodney              (b. 1719 - d. 1792)
1750 - 1752                Francis William Drake              (b. 1724 - d. 1788)
1752 - 1754                Hugh Bonfoy                        (b. c.1720 - d. 1762)
May 1755 - 1756            Richard Dorrill                    (b. c.1719 - d. 1762)
1757 - 1760                Richard Edwards (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1760 - 14 May 1761         James Webb                         (d. 1761)
14 May 1761 - 27 Jun 1762  Walter Ross -Commander (acting)
                             (French prisoner 27 Jun - 18 Sep 1762)
27 Jun 1762 - 18 Sep 1762  Joseph Louis Bernard de Cléron,    (b. 1737 - d. 1806)
                             comte d'Haussonville -French commander
27 Jun 1762 - 1763         Thomas Graves                      (b. 1725 - d. 1802)
                             (at Placentia to 18 Sep 1762)
18 Jun 1764 - 1768         Sir Hugh Palliser                  (b. 1722 - d. 1796)
 8 Jul 1769 - 1772         John Byron                         (b. 1723 - d. 1786)
23 Jun 1772 - 1774         Molyneux Shuldham                  (b. c.1717 - d. 1798)
                             (from 31 Jul 1776, Molyneux Shuldham, Baron Shuldham)
11 Jul 1775 -  6 May 1776  Robert Duff                        (b. 1721 - d. 1787)
 6 May 1776 - 1778         John Montague                      (b. 1719 - d. 1795)
1779 - Apr 1782            Richard Edwards                    (b. c.1715 - d. 1794)
31 Jul 1782 - 1786         John Campbell                      (b. 1720 - d. 1790)
19 Jul 1786 - 1789         John Elliott                       (b. 1733 - d. 1808)
 4 Sep 1789 - 1792         Mark Milbanke                      (b. 1724 - d. 1805)
Jul 1792 - 1793            Sir Richard King                   (b. 1730 - d. 1806)
12 Apr 1794 - 1796         Sir James Wallace                  (b. 1731 - d. 1803)
16 May 1797 - 1800         William Waldegrave                 (b. 1753 - d. 1825)
 3 Jan 1800 - 1801         Charles Morice Pole                (b. 1757 - d. 1830)
31 Oct 1801 - Aug 1802     Robert Barton (acting)             (b. 1754? - d. 1831)
Aug 1802 - May 1804        James Gambier                      (b. 1756 - d. 1833)
20 Jul 1804 - 26 Jul 1807  Sir Erasmus Gower                  (b. 1744 - d. 1814)
26 Jul 1807 - Oct 1809     John Holloway                      (b. 1742 - d. 1826)
23 Jul 1810 - Oct 1812     Sir John Thomas Duckworth          (b. 1748 - d. 1817)
 1 Jun 1813 - 18 May 1816  Sir Richard Goodwin Keats          (b. 1757 - d. 1834)
Nov 1815 - 1816            David Buchan                       (b. 1780 - d. 1838)
                             (acting for Keats) 
 7 Sep 1816 - 24 Feb 1818  Francis Pickmore                   (b. c.1756 - d. 1818)
Nov 1816 - 30 Sep 1817     David Buchan                       (s.a.)
                             (acting for absent Pickmore)
24 Feb 1818 - 20 Jul 1818  John Bowker (acting)               (b. 1770 - d. 1850?)
Governors
20 Jul 1818 -  5 Jul 1824  Sir Charles Hamilton               (b. 1767 - d. 1849)
18 Oct 1822 - Jul 1823     Richard Alexander Tucker (1st time)(b. 1784 - d. 1868)
                             (acting for Hamilton)
Nov 1823 -  8 Oct 1825     Richard Alexander Tucker (2nd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting [for Hamilton to 5 Jul 1824])
 8 Oct 1825 -  3 Nov 1834  Sir Thomas John Cochrane           (b. 1789 - d. 1872)
12 Oct 1827 - 12 Aug 1828  Richard Alexander Tucker (3rd time)(s.a.)
                             (acting for Cochrane)
 5 Oct 1831 - 27 Aug 1832  Richard Alexander Tucker (4th time)(s.a.)
                             (acting for Cochrane)
 3 Nov 1834 - 16 Sep 1841  Henry Prescott                     (b. 1783 - d. 1874)
24 May 1841 - 16 Sep 1841  W. Salt (acting for Prescott)
16 Sep 1841 - 25 Aug 1846  Sir John Harvey                    (b. 1778 - d. 1852)
25 Aug 1846 - 23 Apr 1847  Robert Law (acting)                (b. 1788 - d. 1874)
23 Apr 1847 - 28 Jul 1852  Sir John Gaspard Le Marchant       (b. 1803 - d. 1876)
28 Jul 1852 -  1 Mar 1855  Ker Baillie Hamilton               (b. 1804 - d. 1889)
 1 Mar 1855 -  1 May 1857  Charles Henry Darling              (b. 1809 - d. 1870)
 1 May 1857 - 23 Mar 1864  Sir Alexander Bannerman            (b. 1788 - d. 1864)
23 Mar 1864 -  1 Apr 1864  Laurence O'Brien (acting)          (b. 1792 - d. 1870)
 1 Apr 1864 -  1 Jun 1869  Sir Anthony Musgrave               (b. 1828 - d. 1888)
 1 Jun 1869 - 30 Apr 1876  Stephen John Hill                  (b. 1809 - d. 1891)
                             (from 28 May 1874, Sir Stephen John Hill)
30 Apr 1876 -  1 Oct 1881  Sir John Hawley Glover (1st time)  (b. 1829 - d. 1885)
 1 Oct 1881 - 15 Oct 1881  Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington    (b. 1819 - d. 1900)
                             Carter (1st time) (acting)
15 Oct 1881 - 10 Sep 1883  Sir Henry Fitzhardinge Berkeley    (b. 1832 - d. 1883)
                             Maxse
10 Sep 1883 -  1 Oct 1883  Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington    (s.a.)
                             Carter (2nd time) (acting)
 1 Oct 1883 - 30 Sep 1885  Sir John Hawley Glover (2nd time)  (s.a.)
30 Sep 1885 -  1 Mar 1886  Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington    (s.a.)
                             Carter (3rd time) (acting)
 1 Mar 1886 -  1 Jan 1887  Sir George William Des Voeux       (b. 1834 - d. 1909)
 1 Jan 1887 -  1 Feb 1889  Henry Arthur Blake                 (b. 1840 - d. 1918)
                             (from 7 Nov 1888, Sir Henry Arthur Blake)
 1 Feb 1889 - 20 Feb 1889  Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington    (s.a.)
                             Carter (4th time) (acting)
20 Feb 1889 -  1 Mar 1895  Sir John Terence Nicolls O'Brien   (b. 1830 - d. 1903)
 1 Mar 1895 -  1 Jul 1898  Sir Herbert Harley Murray          (b. 1829 - d. 1904)
 1 Jul 1898 -  1 Feb 1901  Sir Henry Edward McCallum          (b. 1852 - d. 1919)
 1 Feb 1901 - 16 Jun 1901  Joseph Ignatius Little             (b. 1835 - d. 1902)
                             (acting)
16 Jun 1901 -  1 Oct 1902  Sir Cavendish Boyle (1st time)     (b. 1849 - d. 1916)
 1 Oct 1902 - 26 Feb 1903  William Henry Horwood              (b. 1862 - d. 1945)
                             (1st time) (acting)  
26 Feb 1903 -  1 May 1904  Sir Cavendish Boyle (2nd time)     (s.a.)
 1 May 1904 -  1 Sep 1904  William Henry Horwood              (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)  
 1 Sep 1904 -  1 Dec 1909  Sir William MacGregor              (b. 1846 - d. 1919)
 1 Dec 1909 - 10 Dec 1909  Sir William Henry Horwood          (s.a.)
                             (3rd time) (acting)   
10 Dec 1909 -  1 Dec 1913  Sir Ralph Champneys Williams       (b. 1848 - d. 1927)
 1 Dec 1913 -  1 Oct 1917  Walter Edward Davidson             (b. 1859 - d. 1923)
                             (from 22 Jun 1914, Sir Walter Edward Davidson)                
 1 Oct 1917 -  1 Sep 1922  Sir Charles Alexander Harris       (b. 1855 - d. 1947)
 1 Sep 1922 -  1 Oct 1928  Sir William Lamond Allardyce       (b. 1861 - d. 1930)
 1 Oct 1928 - 20 Oct 1932  Sir John Middleton                 (b. 1870 - d. 1954)
20 Oct 1932 - 12 Jan 1936  Sir David Murray Anderson          (b. 1874 - d. 1936)
12 Jan 1936 - 16 Jan 1946  Sir Humphrey Thomas Walwyn         (b. 1879 - d. 1957)
16 Jan 1946 -  1 Apr 1949  Sir Gordon MacDonald               (b. 1885 - d. 1966)
Lieutenant Governors
 1 Apr 1949 - 15 Sep 1949  Sir Albert Joseph Walsh            (b. 1900 - d. 1958)
15 Sep 1949 - 16 Dec 1957  Sir Leonard Cecil Outerbridge      (b. 1888 - d. 1986)
16 Dec 1957 -  1 Mar 1963  Campbell Leonard Macpherson        (b. 1907 - d. 1973)
 1 Mar 1963 -  2 Apr 1969  Fabian Aloysius O'Dea              (b. 1918 - d. 2004)
 2 Apr 1969 -  2 Jul 1974  Ewart John Arlington Harnum        (b. 1910 - d. 1996)
 2 Jul 1974 - 10 Jul 1981  Gordon Arnaud Winter               (b. 1912 - d. 2003)
10 Jul 1981 -  5 Sep 1986  William Anthony Paddon             (b. 1914 - d. 1995)
 5 Sep 1986 -  5 Nov 1991  James Aloysius McGrath             (b. 1932 - d. 2017)
 5 Nov 1991 -  5 Feb 1997  Frederick William Russell          (b. 1923 - d. 2001)
 5 Feb 1997 -  1 Nov 2002  Arthur Maxwell House               (b. 1926 - d. 2013)
 1 Nov 2002 -  4 Feb 2008  Edward Moxon Roberts               (b. 1940 - d. 2022)
 4 Feb 2008 - 19 Mar 2013  John Carnell Crosbie               (b. 1931 - d. 2020)
19 Mar 2013 -  3 May 2018  Frank Frederick Fagan              (b. 1944)
 3 May 2018 - 14 Nov 2023  Judy May Foote (f)                 (b. 1952)
14 Nov 2023 -              Joan Marie Aylward (f)

Premiers
 7 May 1855 - 16 Jul 1858  Philip Francis Little              (b. 1824 - d. 1897)   Lib
16 Jul 1858 -  1 Mar 1861  John Kent                          (b. 1805 - d. 1872)   Lib
 1 Mar 1861 -  1 Apr 1865  Sir Hugh William Hoyles            (b. 1815 - d. 1888)   Con
 1 Apr 1865 - 14 Feb 1870  Frederick Bowker Terrington        (s.a.)                Con
                             Carter (1st time)
14 Feb 1870 - 31 Jan 1874  Charles Fox Bennett                (b. 1793 - d. 1883)   AC
31 Jan 1874 -  1 Apr 1878  Frederick Bowker Terrington        (s.a.)                Con
                             Carter (2nd time)
 1 Apr 1878 - 12 Oct 1885  William Vallance Whiteway          (b. 1828 - d. 1908)   Con                              (from 29 May 1880, Sir William Whiteway)
                             (1st time) 
12 Oct 1885 -  1 Dec 1889  Robert Thornburn                   (b. 1836 - d. 1906)   Ref
                             (from 18 Apr 1887, Sir Robert Thornburn)
 1 Dec 1889 - 11 Apr 1894  Sir William Vallance Whiteway      (s.a.)                Lib
                             (2nd time)
11 Apr 1894 - 13 Dec 1894  Augustus Frederick Goodridge       (b. 1839 - d. 1920)   Tor
13 Dec 1894 -  8 Feb 1895  Daniel Joseph Greene               (b. 1850 - d. 1911)   Lib
 8 Feb 1895 -  1 Oct 1897  Sir William Vallance Whiteway      (s.a.)                Lib
                             (3rd time)
 1 Oct 1897 -  6 Mar 1900  Sir James Spearman Winter          (b. 1845 - d. 1911)   Tor
 6 Mar 1900 - 26 Sep 1907  Robert Bond                        (b. 1857 - d. 1927)   Lib
                             (from 28 Oct 1901, Sir Robert Bond)
Prime ministers
26 Sep 1907 -  2 Mar 1909  Sir Robert Bond                    (s.a.)                Lib
 2 Mar 1909 - 31 Dec 1917  Sir Edward Patrick Morris          (b. 1858 - d. 1935)   PP
31 Dec 1917 -  5 Jan 1918  John Chalker Crosbie (acting)      (b. 1876 - d. 1932)   PP
 5 Jan 1918 - 22 May 1919  William Frederick Lloyd            (b. 1864 - d. 1937)   Lib
                             (from 1 Jan 1919, Sir William Frederick Lloyd)
22 May 1919 - 17 Nov 1919  Sir Michael Patrick Cashin         (b. 1864 - d. 1926)   PP
17 Nov 1919 - 24 Jul 1923  Richard Anderson Squires (1st time)(b. 1880 - d. 1940)   LR
                             (from 3 Jun 1921, Sir Richard Anderson Squires)
24 Jul 1923 - 10 May 1924  William Robertson Warren           (b. 1879 - d. 1927)   LR
10 May 1924 -  9 Jun 1924  Albert Edgar Hickman               (b. 1875 - d. 1943)   LP
 9 Jun 1924 -  1 Aug 1928  Walter Stanley Monroe              (b. 1871 - d. 1952)   LCP
 1 Aug 1928 - 17 Nov 1928  Frederick Charles Alderdice        (b. 1872 - d. 1936)   LCP
                             (1st time)
17 Nov 1928 - 11 Jun 1932  Sir Richard Anderson Squires       (s.a.)                Lib
                             (2nd time)
11 Jun 1932 - 16 Feb 1934  Frederick Charles Alderdice        (s.a.)                UNP
                             (2nd time)
Chairmen of the Commission of Government
16 Feb 1934 - 31 Mar 1949  the Governors of Newfoundland
Premiers
 1 Apr 1949 - 18 Jan 1972  Joseph "Joey" Roberts Smallwood    (b. 1900 - d. 1991)   Lib
18 Jan 1972 - 26 Mar 1979  Frank Duff Moores                  (b. 1933 - d. 2005)   PC
26 Mar 1979 - 22 Mar 1989  Alfred Brian Peckford              (b. 1942)             PC
22 Mar 1989 -  5 May 1989  Thomas "Tom" Gerald Rideout        (b. 1948)             PC
 5 May 1989 - 26 Jan 1996  Clyde Kirby Wells                  (b. 1937)             Lib
26 Jan 1996 - 16 Oct 2000  Brian Vincent Tobin                (b. 1954)             Lib
16 Oct 2000 - 13 Feb 2001  Beaton Tulk                        (b. 1944 - d. 2019)   Lib
13 Feb 2001 -  6 Nov 2003  Roger Dale Grimes                  (b. 1950)             Lib
 6 Nov 2003 -  3 Dec 2010  Daniel "Danny" E. Williams         (b. 1949)             PC
 3 Dec 2010 - 24 Jan 2014  Kathleen "Kathy" Mary Margaret     (b. 1952)             PC
                             Dunderdale (f)
24 Jan 2014 - 26 Sep 2014  Thomas "Tom" Wendell Marshall      (b. 1946)             PC
26 Sep 2014 - 14 Dec 2015  Paul Alfred Davis                  (b. 1961)             PC
14 Dec 2015 - 19 Aug 2020  Dwight Ball                        (b. 1957)             Lib
19 Aug 2020 -              Andrew John Furey                  (b. 1975)             Lib

1640                       French colony of Plaisance, later named Île de Terre-Neuve.
                             (called by English the 'French Shore'); unoccupied until 1660.
25 Feb 1690 -  5 Apr 1690  Occupation by English privateers under Capt. Herman Williamson. 
11 Apr 1713                French recognize British sovereignty over Newfoundland.
 1 Jun 1714                Ceded to Britain (Placentia), administered by Nova Scotia. French
                             governor departs 23 Jul 1714.
14 May 1729                Incorporated into Newfoundland.

 3 Aug 1610                English Capt. Henry Hudson (b. c.1556 - d. 1611) sails "Discoverie"
                             into the Bay which later bears his name.
21 Jun 1611                Hudson and eight others are set adrift by a mutinous crew and are
                             never seen again.
15 Sep 1619                Jens Munk (b. 1579 - d. 1628), of Denmark aboard the "Unicorn,"
                             sails into what is now Churchill Harbor. 
 2 Sep 1668                French explorer Médard Chouart des Groseilliers (b. 1618 - d. 1696),
                             aboard the "Nonsuch", arrives at Rupert River in Hudson Bay.
 2 May 1670                Charter given to Prince Rupert and the Company of Adventurers of
                             England Trading into Hudson's Bay (Hudson's Bay Company) by King
                             Charles II of England. The Charter included "all territory
                             draining into the rivers flowing into Hudson Bay", which is named
                             Prince Rupert's Land.
28 Jun 1672 - 1673         French occupation of Fort Charles on Rupert River (renamed Fort
                             Jacques).
 3 Jul 1686 -  2 Jul 1693  French occupy Fort Charles (renamed Fort Sainte-Jacques) and from
                             26 Jul 1686, Fort Albany (renamed Fort Sainte-Anne).
10 Mar 1689 -  2 Jul 1693  French occupy Moose Factory (renamed Fort Sainte-Louis) and Fort
                             Charles (renamed Fort Jacques).
15 Oct 1694 - 28 Aug 1696  French occupation of Fort York (renamed Fort Bourbon).
 3 Sep 1697 - 11 Sep 1713  French occupation of Fort York (again renamed Fort Bourbon).
11 Apr 1713                By Treaty of Utrecht, France ceded its claims to territories in
                             Rupert's Land to Great Britain.
1719                       Fort Churchill (founded 1717) is renamed Fort Prince of Wales.
1776                       Fort Charles is renamed Rupert House (or Rupert Fort/Fort Rupert).
24 Aug 1782 -  1 Sep 1782  French occupation of Fort York (renamed Fort Bourbon) and Fort Prince
                             of Wales (partially destroyed by the French).
10 Feb 1810 - 1815         Divided into Northern and Southern Departments.
 4 Sep 1812 -  4 May 1836  Assiniboia separated from Rupert's Land (see under Manitoba).
 1 Jan 1821                Hudson's Bay Company unites with the North West Company, name 
                             remains Hudson's Bay Company (deep poll dated 26 Mar 1821).
Oct 1821 - 1839            Divided into Northern and Southern Departments 
                             (only de jure after 1826).
13 Aug 1859                North-Western Territories formed from all lands not already part of
                             Prince Rupert's Land or British Columbia.
31 Jul 1868                Rupert's Land Act 1868, U.K. authorized the transfer of Rupert's
                             Land from the Hudson's Bay Company to the Dominion of Canada.
10 Apr 1869                Hudson's Bay Company agrees to surrender its claims over Rupert's
                             Land to the Dominion of Canada, in exchange for a cash settlement
                             and land grants totaling seven million acres in meeting at Hudson's
                             Bay House in London.
20 Oct 1869 - 15 Jul 1870  Red River Métis revolt (see under Manitoba).
 2 Nov 1869                Lt. Governor designate William McDougall attempts to enter the
                             territory but is prevented by Louis Riel and other Métis.
16 Nov 1869                Governor William Mactavish signs a proclamation of the transfer of
                             Prince Rupert's Land to Canada (not effected).
19 Nov 1869                Sold to U.K. by the Hudson's Bay Company (consummated in 1870 by
                             payment of £300,000 to Hudson's Bay Company) by Deed of Surrender.
30 Nov 1869                Lt. Governor designate William McDougall crosses the border from
                             Pembinda, Dakota and declares the transfer henceforth effective
                             (not recognized by Canada).
 1 Dec 1869                The Canadian government ratifies the transfer agreement. 
 2 May 1870                Prince Rupert's Land part of North-Western Territories.
23 Jun 1870                North-Western Territories (except Arctic islands) ceded to Canada
                             (effective 15 Jul 1870).
15 Jul 1870                Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are combined under the
                             new name of North-Western Territories and incorporated into Canada.
                             (simultaneously the province of Manitoba is created).            
 7 Oct 1876 - 24 Jul 1905  District of Keewatin separated from North-Western Territories.
31 Jul 1880                United Kingdom transferred its claims to all North American
                             Arctic Islands to Canada (later created as District of Franklin),
                            (effective 1 Sep 1880) part of North-Western Territories.
 8 May 1882                Provisional districts of Alberta, Assiniboia, Athabasca, and
                             Saskatchewan created within the North-Western Territories.
 2 Oct 1895                Districts of Franklin, Mackenzie, Ungava, and Yukon created with NWT.
13 Jun 1898                Yukon made a separate territory.
May 1900 - 11 Nov 1930     Sverdrup Islands (Ellef Ringnes, Amund Ringnes, Axel Heiberg, Kong
                             Christian, and North Cornwall Islands) claimed for Norway
                             (Norway recognizes Canadian sovereignty on 11 Nov 1930).
 1 Sep 1905                Alberta and Saskatchewan made separate provinces.
31 Jan 1906                Renamed Northwest Territories.
15 May 1912                Southern parts of Keewatin divided between Manitoba and
                             Ontario; most of Ungava is transferred to Quebec.
 1 Apr 1999                Nunavut made a separate territory.

Governors of the Hudson's Bay Company (in London)
 2 May 1670 - 29 Sep 1682  Prince Rupert, Count Palatine of   (b. 1619 - d. 1682)
                             the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, Duke
                             of Cumberland, Earl of Holderness
                            (= Ruprecht Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog von Bayern)
Sep 1682 -  3 Jan 1683     Sir James Hays (acting)            (b. 1637 - d. 1694)
 3 Jan 1683 -  6 Feb 1685  Prince James, Duke of York,        (b. 1633 - d. 1701)
                             Duke of Albany, Earl of Ulster
                             (= King James II)
 2 Apr 1685 - 1691         John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough(b. 1650 - d. 1722)
                             and Baron Churchill of Sandrige
Sep 1691 - 18 Nov 1696     Sir Stephen Evance (1st time)      (b. c.1655 – d. 1712)
18 Nov 1696 - 1700         Sir William Trumbull               (b. 1639 - d. 1716)
1700 -  5 Mar 1712         Sir Stephen Evance (2nd time)      (s.a.)
1712 - 1743                Sir Bibye Lake, Sr.                (b. 1684 - d. 1744)
17 Nov 1743 - 27 Mar 1746  Benjamin Pitt                      (b. 16.. - d. 1746)
 2 Apr 1746 - Aug 1750     Thomas Knapp                       (b. 1685 – d. 1750)
1750 - 10 Apr 1760         Sir Atwell Lake                    (b. 1713 - d. 1760)
1760 - 23 Jan 1770         William Baker                      (b. 1705 - d. 1770)
                             (from 3 Nov 1760, Sir William Baker)
 1 Feb 1770 - 26 Jul 1782  Sir Bibye Lake, Jr.                (b. 1716 - d. 1782)
1782 - 1799                Samuel Wegg                        (b. 1723 - d. 1802)
1799 - 24 Apr 1807         Sir James Winter Lake              (b. 1741 - d. 1807)
25 Nov 1807 -  5 May 1812  William Mainwaring                 (b. 1737 – d. 1812)
1812 - 1822                Joseph Berens, Jr.                 (b. 1773? – d. 1853)
1822 - 13 Aug 1852         John Henry Pelly                   (b. 1777 - d. 1852)
                             (from 6 Jul 1840, Sir John Henry Pelly) 
1852 -  3 Feb 1856         Andrew Wedderburn Colville         (b. 1779 - d. 1856)
24 Nov 1856 - 1858         John Shepherd                      (b. 1792 - d. 1859)
1858 -  2 Jul 1863         Henry Hulse Berens                 (b. 1804 - d. 1883)
 2 Jul 1863 - 29 Jan 1868  Sir Edmund Walker Head             (b. 1805 - d. 1868)
Feb 1868 - Jan 1869        John Wodehouse, Earl of Kimberley  (b. 1826 - d. 1902)
Jan 1869 - Feb 1874        Sir Stafford Henry Northcote       (b. 1818 - d. 1887)

Factory Chiefs (or Chief Factors)
- at Fort York (York Factory) -
 8 Sep 1670 - 28 Jun 1672  Charles Bayley (Bailey)(1st time)  (b. 1630 - d. 1680)
28 Jun 1672 - 1673         Charles Albanel                    (b. 1616 - d. 1696)
1673 - 18 Sep 1674         Charles Bailey (2nd time)          (s.a.)
18 Sep 1674 - 1675         William Lydall (Liddall)           (b. c.1625 - d. ....)
1675 - 1679                Charles Bayley (3rd time)          (s.a.)
1679 - 1682                John Nixon                         (b. c.1623 - d. 1692)
1682 - 1683                John Bridger (Bridgar)
1683 - 1686                Thomas Phipps, Jr.
1686 - 1693                George Geyer (Guyar/Guyer)
1693 - 15 Oct 1694         Thomas Walsh
15 Oct 1694 -  7 Sep 1695  Pierre le Moyne, sieur d'Iberville (b. 1661 - d. 1706)
                             (1st time)
 7 Sep 1695 - 28 Aug 1696  Gabriel Testard de La Forest       (b. 1661 - d. 1697)
28 Aug 1696 - 1696         William Allen (acting)
1696 -  3 Sep 1697         Henry Baley (Bayley)               (b. 16.. - d. 1701)
 3 Sep 1697 - Nov 1697     Pierre le Moyne, sieur d'Iberville (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Nov 1697 - 1698            Joseph Le Moyne, sieur de Serigny  (b. 1668 - d. 1734)
1698 - 1708                Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne,
                             sieur de Montigny
1708 - 11 Sep 1713         Nicolas Jérémie dit Lamontagne     (b. 1669 - d. 1732)
11 Sep 1713 - 30 May 1718  James Knight (acting to 1714)      (b. c.1640 - d. 1719)
30 May 1718 - 1722         Henry Kelsey                       (b. c.1667 - d. 1724)
1722 - 1726                Thomas McLeish (McCliesh)(1st time)
1726 - 1727                Anthony Beale                      (b. c.1664 - d. 1731)
1727 - 1734                Thomas McLeish (2nd time)
1734 -  4 May 1737         Thomas White (1st time)    
 4 May 1737 - 1741         James Isham (1st time)             (b. c.1716 - d. 1761)
1741 - 1746                Thomas White (2nd time)
1746 - 1748                James Isham (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1748 - 28 Jun 1750         John Newton                        (d. 1750)
1750 - 13 Apr 1761         James Isham (3rd time)             (s.a.)
1761                       Andrew Graham                      (b. c.1730 - d. 1815)
1761 - 1762                Humphrey Marten (Martin)(1st time) (b. c.1729 - d. c.1791)
1762 - 1775                Ferdinand Jacobs                   (b. c.1713 - d. 1783)
1775 - 24 Aug 1782         Humphrey Marten (2nd time)         (s.a.) 
                             (French prisoner 24 Aug 1782-1783)
1781 - 24 Aug 1782         Matthew Cocking                    (b. 1743 - d. 1799)
                             (acting for Marten)
24 Aug 1782 -  1 Sep 1782  Jean-François de Galoup,
                             comte de La Pérouse              (b. 1741 - d. 1788)
 1 Sep 1782 - 1783         Abandoned
1783 - 1786                Humphrey Marten (3rd time)         (s.a.)
1786 - Sep 1798            Joseph Colen                       (b. c.1751 – d. 1818)
                             (Entitled Resident; subordinated
                             to Chief William Tomison)
1795 - 1796                George Shetland 
                             (acting for Colen)
1798 - 1802                John Ballenden                     (b. c.1755 - d. 1817)
1802 - 1804                William Tomison                    (b. c.1739 - d. 1829) 
1804 - 1810                William Bird
1798 - Sep 1802            John Ballenden                     (b. c.1755 - d. 1817)
                             (Entitled Resident; subordinated to
                             chief William Tomison, then William Bird)
1802 - 1809                John MacNab                        (b. 1755 - d. 1820)
1809 - 1810                William Hemmings Cook              (b. 1768 – d. 1846)
- at Fort Albany -
1679 - 15 May 1682         John Bridger
15 May 1682 - 31 Jan 1683  James Knight                       (s.a.)
31 Jan 1683 - 26 Jul 1686  Henry Sergeant
26 Jul 1686 - Oct 1686     Pierre de Troyes,                  (d. 1688)
                             chevalier de Troyes
Oct 1686 - Sep 1689        Pierre le Moyne, sieur d'Iberville (s.a.)
1688 - Dec 1688            John Marsh                         (d. 1688)
1688 - 10 Mar 1689         Andrew Hamilton 
                             (on Churchill Island)
 2 Jul 1693 - 1697         James Knight (1st time)            (s.a.)
1697 - 1698                John Fullartine (1st time)         (b. c.1652 - d. 1738)
1698 - 1700                James Knight (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1700 - 13 Sep 1705         John Fullartine (2nd time)         (s.a.)
13 Sep 1705 - 26 May 1708  Anthony Beale (1st time)           (s.a.)
26 May 1708 - 27 May 1711  John Fullartine (3rd time)         (s.a.)
26 Sep 1711 - 20 May 1713  Anthony Beale (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1713 - 1715                Richard Staunton (1st time)        (d. af.1741)
1715 - 1721                Thomas McLeish (McCliesh)
1721 - 1723                Joseph Myatt (Miatt)(1st time)     (b. 16.. - d. 1730)
1723 - 1726                Richard Staunton (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1726 - 1730                Joseph Myatt (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1730 - 1737                Joseph Adams                       (b. c.1700 - d. 1737)
1737 - 21 Jun 1739         Thomas Bird                        (d. 1739)
1739 - 23 Apr 1740         Rowland Waggoner                   (d. 1740)
1740 - 1741                George Spence (1st time)
1741 - 1748                Joseph Isbister (1st time)         (b. 1710 - d. 1771)
1748 - 1753                George Spence (2nd time)
1753 - 1756                Joseph Isbister (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1756 - 1764                Robert Temple                      (d. 1816)
1764 - 1768                Humphrey Marten (1st time)         (s.a.)
1768 - 1769                Thomas Hopkins
1769 - 1774                Humphrey Marten (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1774 - 1782                Thomas Hutchins                    (b. 1730 - d. 1789)
1782 - 1789                Edward Jarvis (1st time)           (b. 17.. - d. c.1800)
1789 - 1790                John MacNab (1st time)             (s.a.)
1790 - 1792                Edward Jarvis (2nd time)           (s.a.)
1792 - 1800                John MacNab (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1800 - 1807                John Hodgson (1st time)            (b. c.1763 - d. 1833)
1807 - 1808                Thomas Vincent                     (b. c.1776 – d. 1832)
1808 - 1810                John Hodgson (2nd time)            (s.a.)
- at Fort Churchill (from 1719, Fort Prince of Wales) -
1685 - 1687                Samuel Missenden
1687 - 1690                Thomas Walsh
1690 - 1717                Abandoned
1717 - 1722                Richard Staunton                   (s.a.)
1722 - 1723                Nathaniel Bishop                   (b. 16.. - d. 1723)
1723 - 1727                Richard Norton (1st time)          (b. 1701 - d. 1741)
1727 - 1731                Anthony Beale                      (s.a.)
1731 - 1735                Richard Norton (1st time)          (s.a.)
1735 - 1736                James Napper                       (d. 1737)
1736 - 16 Aug 1741         Richard Norton (3rd time)          (s.a.)
16 Aug 1741 - 1745         James Isham                        (s.a.)
1745 - 1749                Robert Pilgrim                     (d. 1750)
1749 - 1752                Joseph Isbister                    (s.a.)
1752 - 1759                Ferdinand Jacobs (1st time)        (s.a.)
1759 - 1760                Moses Norton (1st time)            (b. c.1735 - d. 1773)
1760 - 1762                Ferdinand Jacobs (2nd time)        (s.a.)
1762 - 1773                Moses Norton (2nd time)            (s.a.)
Mar 1774 - Aug 1775        Thomas White                       (s.a.)
22 Jan 1776 -  8 Aug 1782  Samuel Hearne (1st time)           (b. 1745 - d. 1792)
 8 Aug 1782 -  1 Sep 1782  Jean-François de Galoup,
                             comte de La Pérouse              (s.a.)
 1 Sep 1782 - 1783         Abandoned
1783 - 16 Aug 1787         Samuel Hearne (2nd time)           (s.a.)
16 Aug 1787 - 1792         William Jefferson                  (b. c.1740 - d. ....)
1792 - 1797                Thomas Stayner (1st time)          (b. 1770 - d. bf.1827)
1797 - 1798                William Auld (1st time)            (b. c.1770 - d. c.1830)
1798 - 1800                Thomas Stayner (2nd time)          (s.a.)
1800 - 1802                John MacNab                        (s.a.)
1802 - 1804                William Auld (2nd time)            (s.a.)
1804 - 1805                Thomas Topping (1st time)
1805 - 1808                William Auld (3rd time)            (s.a.)
1808 - 1809                Thomas Topping (2nd time)
1809 - 30 May 1810         William Auld (4th time)            (s.a.)
Superintendents of the Northern Department
30 May 1810 -  9 Apr 1814  William Auld                       (s.a.)
1814 - 1815                Thomas Thomas                      (b. c.1766 - d. 1828)
Superintendents of the Southern Department
1810 - 1814                Thomas Thomas                      (s.a.)
1814 - 1815                Thomas Vincent (acting to ... 1815)(s.a.)
Governors-in-chief of Rupert's Land
Nov 1815 - 19 Jun 1816     Robert Semple                      (b. 1777 - d. 1816)
Jun 1816 - May 1818        James Bird, Sr.                    (b. c.1773 - d. 1856)
May 1818 - Oct 1821        William Williams                   (b. 1771? - d. 1837)
Governor of the Northern Department
Oct 1821 - 1839            George Simpson                     (b. c.1787 - d. 1860)
Governors of the Southern Department
Oct 1821 - 26 Feb 1826     William Williams                   (s.a.)
26 Feb 1826 - 1839         George Simpson                     (s.a.)
Governors-in-chief of Rupert's Land 
1839 -  7 Sep 1860         George Simpson                     (s.a.)
                             (from 25 Jan 1841, Sir George Simpson)
 7 Sep 1860 - 18 May 1862  William Mactavish (McTavish)       (b. 1815 - d. 1870)
                             (1st time) (acting)
18 May 1862 -  9 May 1864  Alexander Grant Dallas             (b. 1816 - d. 1882)
May 1864 - 17 May 1870     William Mactavish (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (Métis prisoner 1 Dec 1869 - 15 Feb 1870)
Oct? 1869 - Mar 1870       John Black (recorder)(acting)      (b. 1817 - d. 1879)
Jun 1870 - 15 Jul 1870     Donald Alexander Smith (acting)    (b. 1820 - d. 1914)
                             (president of Hudson Bay Council of the Northern Department)
Lieutenant Governors of the North-Western Territories
 1 Oct 1869 - 12 May 1870  William McDougall                  (b. 1822 - d. 1905)
                             (lieutenant governor-designate; prevented from taking office)
15 Jul 1870 -  1 Dec 1872  Adams George Archibald             (b. 1814 - d. 1892)
                             (appointed 20 May 1870)
 9 Apr 1872 -  2 Dec 1872  Francis Godschall Johnson          (b. 1817 - d. 1894)
                             (commission revoked, did not take office)
 2 Dec 1872 -  6 Oct 1876  Alexander Morris                   (b. 1826 - d. 1889)
 7 Oct 1876 -  2 Dec 1881  David Laird                        (b. 1833 - d. 1914)
 3 Dec 1881 -  3 Jul 1888  Edgar Dewdney                      (b. 1835 - d. 1916)
 4 Jul 1888 - 31 Oct 1893  Joseph Royal                       (b. 1837 - d. 1902)
 1 Nov 1893 -  6 Jun 1898  Charles Herbert Mackintosh         (b. 1843 - d. 1931)
 7 Jun 1898 - 26 Sep 1898  Malcolm Colin Cameron              (b. 1832 - d. 1898)
26 Sep 1898 - 12 Oct 1898  Hugh Richardson (acting)           (b. 1826 - d. 1913)
13 Oct 1898 -  1 Sep 1905  Amédée Emmanuel Forget             (b. 1847 - d. 1923)
Commissioners of the Northwest Territories
24 Aug 1905 - 27 Sep 1918  Frederick "Fred" D. White          (b. 1847 - d. 1918)
27 Sep 1918 - 31 Mar 1931  William Wallace Cory               (b. 1865 - d. 1943)
                             (acting to 27 Jun 1919)
31 Mar 1931 - 30 Apr 1934  Hugh Howard Rowatt                 (b. 1861 - d. 1938)
30 Apr 1934 -  3 Dec 1936  Roy Alexander Gibson (acting)      (b. 1885 - d. 1953)
 3 Dec 1936 - 14 Jan 1947  Charles Camsell                    (b. 1876 - d. 1958)
14 Jan 1947 - 14 Nov 1950  Hugh Llewellyn Keenleyside         (b. 1898 - d. 1992)
14 Nov 1950 - 15 Nov 1953  Hugh Andrew Young                  (b. 1898 - d. 1982)
15 Nov 1953 - 12 Jul 1963  Robert Gordon Robertson            (b. 1917 - d. 2013)
12 Jul 1963 -  2 Mar 1967  Bent Gestur Sivertz                (b. 1905 - d. 2000)
 2 Mar 1967 - 15 Apr 1979  Stuart Milton Hodgson              (b. 1924 - d. 2015)
15 Apr 1979 -  2 Oct 1989  John Havelock Parker               (b. 1929 - d. 2020)
 2 Oct 1989 - 16 Jan 1995  Daniel L. Norris                   (b. 1935 - d. 2008)
16 Jan 1995 - 26 Mar 1999  Helen Mamayaok Maksagak (f)        (b. 1931 - d. 2009)
26 Mar 1999 - 31 Mar 2000  Daniel Joseph Marion               (b. 1945 - d. 2022)
31 Mar 2000 - 29 Apr 2005  Glenna Fanny Hansen (f)            (b. 1956)
29 Apr 2005 - 28 May 2010  Anthony "Tony" Wilfred James       (b. 1941 - d. 2024)
                             Whitford
28 May 2010 - 10 May 2016  George L. Tuccaro                  (b. 1950)
10 May 2016 - 18 Sep 2017  Gerald "Gerry" W. Kisoun (1st time)(b. 1953)
                             (acting)
18 Sep 2017 - 14 May 2024  Margaret M. Thom (f)               (b. 1951)
14 May 2024 -              Gerald "Gerry" W. Kisoun (2nd time)(s.a.)

Chairman of the Lieutenant Governor's Advisory Council
30 Jun 1888 -  7 Nov 1891  Robert George Brett                (b. 1851 - d. 1929)  Non-party
Chairmen of the Executive Committee
 7 Nov 1891 -  1 Aug 1892  Frederick William Aplin Gordon     (b. 1857 - d. 1942)  Non-party
                             Haultain (1st time) 
 1 Aug 1892 -  1 Dec 1892  Hugh Cayley                        (b. 1857 - d. 1934)  Non-party
 1 Dec 1892 -  7 Oct 1897  Frederick William Aplin Gordon     (s.a.)               Non-party
                             Haultain (2nd time)
Premier
 7 Oct 1897 -  1 Sep 1905  Frederick William Aplin Gordon     (s.a.)               Con
                             Haultain 
 1 Sep 1905 - 16 Jun 1980  Post abolished
Government Leaders (from Feb 1994, Premiers)
16 Jun 1980 - 12 Jan 1984  George Braden                      (b. 1949 - d. 2015)  Non-party
12 Jan 1984 -  5 Nov 1985  Richard Nerysoo                    (b. 1953)            Non-party
 5 Nov 1985 - 12 Nov 1987  Nicholas "Nick" G. Sibbeston       (b. 1943)            Non-party
12 Nov 1987 - 14 Nov 1991  Dennis Glen Patterson              (b. 1948)            Non-party
14 Nov 1991 - 22 Nov 1995  Nellie J. Cournoyea (f)            (b. 1940)            Non-party
22 Nov 1995 - 26 Nov 1998  Don Albert Morin                   (b. 1954)            Non-party
26 Nov 1998 - 10 Dec 1998  Gooteleah "Goo" Arlooktoo (acting) (b. 1963 - d. 2002)  Non-party
10 Dec 1998 - 17 Jan 2000  James "Jim" L. Antoine             (b. 1949)            Non-party
17 Jan 2000 - 10 Dec 2003  Stephen Kakfwi                     (b. 1950)            Non-party
10 Dec 2003 - 18 Oct 2007  Joseph "Joe" L. Handley            (b. 1943)            Non-party
18 Oct 2007 - 27 Oct 2011  Floyd K. Roland                    (b. 1961)            Non-party 
27 Oct 2011 - 25 Oct 2019  Robert "Bob" R. McLeod             (b. 1952)            Non-party
25 Oct 2019 -  8 Dec 2023  Caroline Cochrane (f)              (b. 1960)            Non-party
 8 Dec 2023 -              Rocky "R.J." Simpson               (b. 1980)            Non-party

 8 May 1882                Athabasca Provisional District, within North-Western Territories.
1902 - 1948                Spelling changed to Athabaska.
 1 Sep 1905                Divided between Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.

 7 Oct 1876                District of Keewatin is separated the North-Western Territories, 
                             pending a final solution to the claims of both Ontario 
                             and Manitoba.
24 Jul 1905                Re-incorporated into the Northwest Territories (as District of
                             Keewatin of the Northwest Territories).
15 May 1912                All land south of the 60th parallel divided between Ontario and
                             Manitoba.

Lieutenant governors
 7 Oct 1876 - 24 Jul 1905  the Lieutenant governors of Manitoba

17 Jul 1870 - 19 Jan 1929 Unofficial

In use from 12 Jun 1858; Adopted 19 Jan 1929  (officially adopted 10 May 2013, original grant 1625)

Official Variant

c.1521                     Portuguese navigator João Álvares Fagundes (b. c.1460 - d. 1522)
                             erects a settlement likely on Cape Breton Island.
1598 - 1602                Viceroy of New France Troilus de Mesgouez, marquis de La Roche
                             (b. 1536 - d. 1606) attempts to settle Sable Island with convicts.
1603                       King Henry IV of France granted Pierre du Gua de Monts exclusive
                             rights to colonize lands in North America between 40°–60° North
                             latitude as La Cadie.
26 Jun 1604                French Acadie (Acadia) colony founded at Île Sainte-Croix (Dochet
                             Island)(modern New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island,
                             and Cape Breton Island); part of New France (see under Quebec).
27 Jul 1605                Port-Royal (Nova Scotia) settled by France.
Fall 1607 - May 1610       Abandoned.
 3 Jul 1613 - 13 Nov 1613  English Capt. Samuel Argall (Argoll)(b. 1572 - d. 1626) from the
                             Virginia colony sacks and burns the French settlements.
10 Sep 1621                King James VI of Scotland (James I of England) grants Sir William
                             Alexander, Earl of Stirling (b. c.1577 - d. 1640) Acadia as
                             the Lord proprietor of Nova Scotia. On 12 Jul 1625, the charter is
                             renewed incorporating Nova Scotia into the Kingdom of Scotland.
 6 Oct 1629                Claude Turgis de Saint-Étienne de la Tour (b. c.1570 - d. af.1636)
                             becomes a baronet of Nova Scotia, promising to have is son Charles
                             Turgis de Saint-Étienne de la Tour's settlement at Cap de Sable
                             surrendered, but in May 1630 he rejoins the French.
 1 Jul 1629 - 12 Jun 1632  Scottish colony (Nova Scotia [New Scotland]).
12 Jun 1632                Scottish colony surrendered to France (by Treaty of Susa 14 Apr
                             1629).
31 Jul 1654 -  2 Sep 1670  English occupation.
10 Aug 1674 - 21 May 1676  Dutch occupation (New Holland [Nieuw Holland])(claimed until the
                             10 Aug 1678 Treaties of Peace of Nijmegen).
21 May 1690 - 27 Nov 1691  English occupation (declared to be annexed to the Province
                             of Massachusetts Bay 17 Oct 1691 - 1696).
20 Sep 1697                Ceded to France by U.K.
13 Oct 1710 - 11 Apr 1713  British occupation.
11 Apr 1713                Ceded to Britain by France by the Treaty of Utrecht
                             (Nova Scotia).
10 Aug 1755 - 11 Jul 1764  British forcibly deport the French Acadiens.
 7 Oct 1763                Cape Breton Island part of Nova Scotia.
 7 Oct 1763 - 28 Jun 1769  Saint John's (Prince Edward) Island part of Nova Scotia.
16 Aug 1784                New Brunswick separated.
26 Aug 1784 -  9 Oct 1820  Cape Breton Island a separate colony.
 2 Feb 1848                Responsible government granted.
 1 Jul 1867                Province of Canada.

Lieutenant-generals for Acadie
 8 May 1604 - Sep 1605     Pierre du Gua, sieur de Monts      (b. c.1558 - d. 1628)
spring 1606 - fall 1607    Jean de Biencourt, sieur de        (b. 1557 - d. 1615)
                             Poutrincourt, baron de Saint-Just
                             (1st time) 
fall 1607 - May 1610       Abandoned
May 1610 - Dec 1615        Jean de Biencourt, sieur de        (s.a.)
                             Poutrincourt, baron de Saint-Just
                             (2nd time)
Jun 1611 - 1623            Charles de Biencourt de Saint-Just (b. 1591/92 - d. 1623)
                             (acting for Poutrincourt to Dec 1615)
1623 - 30 Apr 1630         Charles Turgis de Saint-Étienne    (b. 1593 - d. 1666)
                             de la Tour (at Cap de Sable)
Governor of Nova Scotia
Jul 1629 -  8 Sep 1632     Sir William Alexander              (b. 1567 - d. 1638)
Lieutenant-generals for Acadie
 8 Sep 1632 - Dec 1635     Isaac de Razilly                   (b. 1587 - d. 1635)
Dec 1635 - 24 May 1650     Charles de Menou, sieur d'Aulnay   (b. 1596 - d. 1650)
                             de Charnisay
Dec 1635 - 27 Jul 1654     Charles Turgis de Saint-Étienne    (b. 1593 - d. 1666)
                             de la Tour
                             (acting [for d'Aulnay to 24 May 1650])
Governors of Acadie
27 Jul 1654 - 20 Sep 1654  Robert Sedgwick -English commander (b. 1611 - d. 1665)
20 Sep 1654 -  1 May 1657  John Leverett                      (b. 1616 - d. 1679)
                             (commander of the forts in Acadia)
 1 May 1657 -  2 Sep 1670  Sir Thomas Temple                  (b. 1614 - d. 1674)
                             (from 1667 in Boston)
                           + William Crown (Crowne)           (b. 1617 - d. 1682)
Dec 1657 - 1669            Emmanuel Le Borgne                 (b. 1610 - d. 1681)
                             (French appointed governor; did not arrive)
Oct 1668 - 1669            Alexandre Le Borgne de Belle-Isle  (b. 1640 - d. c.1693) 
                             (acting for absent Emmanuel Le Borgne, at Port-Rossignol)
1667 -  2 Sep 1670         Richard Walker (deputy governor)   (d. af.1680)
                             (acting for Temple)
 2 Sep 1670 -  5 May 1673  Héctor d'Andigné de Grandfontaine  (b. 1627 - d. 1696)
 5 May 1673 - 10 Aug 1674  Jacques de Chambly, seigneur de    (b. 1640 - d. 1687)
                             Chambly 
                             (Dutch prisoner 10 Aug 1674-1675; nominally to 1677)
10 Aug 1674 - Oct 1674     Jurriaen Aernoutsz -Dutch Commander
Oct 1674 - 1675            John Rhoades (Rhode)-Dutch Commander
1677 - c.1 Jul 1678        Pierre de Joybert de Soulanges     (b. c.1642 - d. 1678) 
                             et de Marson (interim) 
Sep 1676 - 1676            Cornelis Jacobsz Steenwijck        (b. 1626 - d. 1684)
                             (nominal Dutch governor)
c.Jul 1678 - 10 Apr 1684   Michel Le Neuf de La Vallière et   (b. 1640 - d. 1705)
                             de Beaubassin (acting to 5 Aug 1683) 
10 Apr 1684 -  1 Mar 1687  François-Marie de Perrot           (b. 1644 - d. 1691)
 1 Mar 1687 - 21 May 1690  Louis-Alexandre des Friches de     (b. c.1687 - d. 1703)
                             Menevale
21 May 1690 - May 1690     Sir William Phips                  (b. 1651 - d. 1695)
May 1690 - 1693            Charles La Tourasse (acting)       (b. 1630 - d. 1696)
                             (president of the council [for England to 27 Nov 1691])
1691                       Edward Tyng (Tynge)                (b. 1649? - d. 1691)
                             (nominal English governor; French prisoner from 22 Sep 1691)
27 Nov 1691 -  5 Jul 1700  Joseph Robineau, sieur de Villebon (b. 1655 - d. 1700)
                             (interim)
 5 Jul 1700 - 29 Jun 1701  Claude Sébastien de Villieu        (b. 1633 - d. 1706)
                             (acting)(administrator)
29 Jun 1701 - 22 Sep 1705  Jacques-François de Monbeton de    (b. 1651 - d. 1705) 
                             Brouillan de St. André
                             (acting to 1702) 
22 Sep 1705 - 10 Apr 1706  Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure  (b. 1659 - d. 1711)
                             (interim)
10 Apr 1706 - 13 Oct 1710  Daniel d'Auger, sieur de Subercase (b. 1661 - d. 1732)
Governors of Nova Scotia
13 Oct 1710 - 20 Oct 1712  Samuel Vetch (1st time)            (b. 1668 - d. 1732)
20 Oct 1712 - 20 Jan 1715  Francis Nicholson                  (b. 1655 - d. 1728)
20 Oct 1712 -  2 Mar 1717  Thomas Caufield (Caulfeild)        (b. 1685 - d. 1717)
                             (acting for Nicholson, then for Vetch)
20 Jan 1715 - 17 Aug 1717  Samuel Vetch (2nd time)            (s.a.)
17 Aug 1717 - 21 Jun 1749  Richard Philipps                   (b. c.1661 - d. 1750)
- Lieutenant governors acting for Philipps -
28 Oct 1717 - 29 May 1725  John Doucet (Doucette)             (b. 1684? - d. 1726)
29 May 1725 -  6 Dec 1739  Lawrence Armstrong                 (b. 1664 - d. 1739)
 6 Dec 1739 - 22 Mar 1740  John Adams (acting)                (b. 1672/73 - d. c.1745)
22 Mar 1740 - 21 Jun 1749  Paul Mascarene                     (b. 1684 - d. 1760)
Governors
21 Jun 1749 -  3 Aug 1752  Edward Cornwallis                  (b. 1713 - d. 1776)
 3 Aug 1752 -  7 Jan 1756  Peregrine Thomas Hopson            (b. 1696 - d. 1759)
 1 Nov 1753 - 19 Oct 1760  Charles Lawrence                   (b. 1709 - d. 1760)
                             (acting to 21 Oct 1754)
19 Oct 1760 - 26 Sep 1763  Jonathan Belcher                   (b. 1710 - d. 1776)
                             (acting to 21 Nov 1761) 
26 Sep 1763 - 23 May 1766  Montague Wilmot                    (d. 1766) 
                             (acting to 31 May 1764)
23 May 1766 -  8 Oct 1773  William Campbell, Lord Campbell    (b. 1730 - d. 1778)
- Administrators acting for Campbell -
23 May 1766 - 23 Aug 1766  Benjamin Green (1st time)          (b. 1713 - d. 1772)
23 Aug 1766 - 27 Nov 1766  Michael Francklin (1st time)       (b. 1720 - d. 1782)
21 Oct 1767 - 10 Sep 1768  Michael Francklin (2nd time)       (s.a.)
 4 Nov 1768 -  4 Dec 1768  Michael Francklin (3rd time)       (s.a.)
17 Oct 1771 -  2 Jun 1772  Benjamin Green (2nd time)          (s.a.)
 2 Jun 1772 - 10 Jul 1772  Michael Francklin (4th time)       (s.a.)
Governors
 8 Oct 1773 - 22 Apr 1776  Francis Legge                      (b. 1719 - d. 1783)
22 Apr 1776 - 17 Aug 1778  Mariot Arbuthont                   (b. 1711 - d. 1794)
17 Aug 1778 - 17 Aug 1781  Sir Richard Hughes                 (b. 1729 - d. 1812)
17 Aug 1781 - 18 Oct 1782  Sir Andrew Snape Hamond            (b. 1738 - d. 1828)
19 Oct 1782 - 24 Feb 1783  John Parr (1st time)(acting)       (b. 1725 - d. 1791)
24 Feb 1783 - 20 May 1786  Edmund Fanning (acting)            (b. 1737 - d. 1818)
20 May 1786 - 25 Nov 1791  John Parr (2nd time)               (s.a.)
25 Nov 1791 - 14 May 1792  Richard Bulkeley (acting)          (b. 1717 - d. 1800)
14 May 1792 - 13 Apr 1808  Sir John Wentworth                 (b. 1737 - d. 1820)
13 Apr 1808 - 25 Aug 1811  Sir George Prévost                 (b. 1767 - d. 1816)
25 Aug 1811 - 16 Oct 1811  Alexander Croke (acting)           (b. 1758 - d. 1843)
16 Oct 1811 - 27 Jun 1816  Sir John Coape Sherbrooke          (b. 1764 - d. 1830)
27 Jun 1816 - 24 Oct 1816  George Stracey Smyth (acting)      (b. 1767 - d. 1823)
24 Oct 1816 -  1 Jun 1820  George Ramsay, Earl of Dalhousie,  (b. 1770 - d. 1838)
                             in the County of Midlothian, Baron
                             Dalhousie, of Dalhousie Castle in
                             the County of Edinburgh, Lord
                             Ramsay of Keringtoun
 1 Jun 1820 - 23 Aug 1828  Sir James Kempt                    (b. 1764 - d. 1854)
23 Aug 1828 - 28 Nov 1828  Thomas Nickleson Jeffery           (b. 1782 - d. 1847)
                             (1st time) (acting)
28 Nov 1828 - 24 Jan 1834  Sir Peregrine Maitland             (b. 1771 - d. 1854)
24 Jan 1834 -  2 Jul 1834  Thomas Nickleson Jeffery           (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
 2 Jul 1834 - 30 Sep 1840  Sir Colin Campbell                 (b. 1776 - d. 1847)
30 Sep 1840 -  2 Aug 1846  Lucius Bentinck Carey, Viscount    (b. 1803 - d. 1884)
                             Falkland, Baron Hunsdon, of
                             Scutterskelfe in the County of York
 2 Aug 1846 - 29 Aug 1846  Sir Jeremiah Dickson (acting)      (b. c.1775 - d. 1848)
29 Aug 1846 - 22 Mar 1852  Sir John Harvey                    (b. 1778 - d. 1852)
22 Mar 1852 -  5 Aug 1852  John Bazalgette (acting)           (b. 1784 - d. 1868)
 5 Aug 1852 - 15 Feb 1858  Sir John Gaspard Le Marchant       (b. 1803 - d. 1874)
15 Feb 1858 - 17 Sep 1863  George Augustus Constantine Phipps (b. 1819 - d. 1890)
                             (from 28 Aug 1863, Marquess of
                             Normanby, of Normanby, in the
                             County of York, Earl of Mulgrave,
                             in the County of York, Viscount
                             Normanby, of Normanby, in the
                             County of York, Baron Mulgrave,
                             in the County of York)
17 Sep 1863 - 22 Jun 1864  Charles Hastings Doyle (1st time)  (b. 1804 - d. 1883)
                             (acting)
22 Jun 1864 - 28 Sep 1865  Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell      (b. 1814 - d. 1881)
28 Sep 1865 -  8 Nov 1865  Charles Hastings Doyle (2nd time)  (s.a.) 
                             (acting)
 8 Nov 1865 - 18 Oct 1867  Sir William Fenwick Williams       (b. 1800 - d. 1883)
Lieutenant Governors
18 Oct 1867 -  1 May 1873  Charles Hastings Doyle             (s.a.) 
                             (from 23 Jun 1869, Sir Charles Hastings Doyle)                      
 1 May 1873 -  1 Jun 1873  Joseph Howe                        (b. 1804 - d. 1873)
 1 Jun 1873 -  4 Jul 1873  William Young (acting)             (b. 1799 - d. 1887)
 4 Jul 1873 -  4 Jul 1883  Sir Adams George Archibald         (b. 1814 - d. 1892)
 4 Jul 1883 -  9 Jul 1888  Matthew Henry Richey               (b. 1828 - d. 1911)
 9 Jul 1888 - 26 Jun 1890  Archibald Woodbury McLelan         (b. 1824 - d. 1890)
26 Jun 1890 - 11 Jul 1890  James McDonald (acting)            (b. 1828 - d. 1912)
11 Jul 1890 - 26 Jul 1900  Malachy Bowes Daly                 (b. 1836 - d. 1920)
                             (from 1 Jan 1900, Sir Malachy Bowes Daly) 
26 Jul 1900 - 15 Mar 1906  Alfred Gilpin Jones                (b. 1824 - d. 1906)
15 Mar 1906 - 27 Mar 1906  Robert Linton Weatherbe (acting)   (b. 1834 - d. 1915)
27 Mar 1906 - 27 Sep 1910  Duncan Cameron Fraser              (b. 1845 - d. 1910)
27 Sep 1910 - 18 Oct 1910  Charles James Townshend (acting)   (b. 1844 - d. 1924)
18 Oct 1910 - 19 Oct 1915  James Drummond McGregor            (b. 1838 - d. 1918)
19 Oct 1915 - 13 Nov 1916  David MacKeen                      (b. 1839 - d. 1916)
13 Nov 1916 - 29 Nov 1916  Wallace Nesbit Graham (acting)     (b. 1848 - d. 1917)
29 Nov 1916 - 12 Jan 1925  MacCallum Grant                    (b. 1845 - d. 1928)
12 Jan 1925 - 14 Sep 1925  James Robson Douglas               (b. 1876 - d. 1934)
14 Sep 1925 - 19 Nov 1930  James Cranswick Tory               (b. 1862 - d. 1944)
19 Nov 1930 - 25 Sep 1931  Frank Stanfield                    (b. 1872 - d. 1931)
25 Sep 1931 -  5 Oct 1931  Joseph Andrew Chisholm (acting)    (b. 1863 - d. 1950)
 5 Oct 1931 -  7 Apr 1937  Walter Harold Covert               (b. 1865 - d. 1949)
 7 Apr 1937 - 31 May 1940  Robert Irwin                       (b. 1865 - d. 1941)
31 May 1940 - 17 Nov 1942  Frederick Francis Mathers          (b. 1871 - d. 1947)
17 Nov 1942 - 12 Aug 1947  Henry Ernest Kendall               (b. 1864 - d. 1949)
12 Aug 1947 -  1 Sep 1952  John Alexander Douglas McCurdy     (b. 1886 - d. 1961)
 1 Sep 1952 - 15 Jan 1958  Alistair Fraser                    (b. 1885 - d. 1964)
15 Jan 1958 -  1 Mar 1963  Edward Chester Plow                (b. 1904 - d. 1988)
 1 Mar 1963 - 22 Jul 1968  Henry Poole MacKeen                (b. 1892 - d. 1971)
22 Jul 1968 -  1 Oct 1973  Victor de Bedia Oland              (b. 1913 - d. 1983)
 1 Oct 1973 - 23 Dec 1978  Clarence Lloyd Gosse               (b. 1912 - d. 1996)
23 Dec 1978 -  1 Feb 1984  John Elvin Shaffner                (b. 1911 - d. 2001)
 1 Feb 1984 - 20 Feb 1989  Alan Rockwell Abraham              (b. 1931 - d. 2020)
20 Feb 1989 - 23 Jun 1994  Lloyd Roseville Crouse             (b. 1918 - d. 2007)
23 Jun 1994 - 17 May 2000  John James Kinley                  (b. 1925 - d. 2012)
17 May 2000 -  7 Sep 2006  Myra Ava Freeman (f)               (b. 1949)
 7 Sep 2006 - 12 Apr 2012  Mayann Elizabeth Francis (f)       (b. 1946)
12 Apr 2012 - 28 Jun 2017  John James "Jim" Grant             (b. 1936)
28 Jun 2017 - 13 Dec 2024  Arthur Joseph LeBlanc              (b. 1943)
13 Dec 2024 -              Michael John Savage                (b. 1960)

President of the Executive Council
30 Sep 1840 -  9 Feb 1848  Simon Bradstreet Robie             (b. 1770 - d. 1858)  Con
Premiers
 9 Feb 1848 -  4 Apr 1854  James Boyle Uniacke                (b. 1800 - d. 1858)  Lib
 4 Apr 1854 - 24 Feb 1857  William Young (1st time)           (b. 1799 - d. 1887)  Lib
24 Feb 1857 - 10 Feb 1860  James William Johnston (1st time)  (b. 1792 - d. 1873)  Con
10 Feb 1860 -  3 Aug 1860  William Young (2nd time)           (s.a.)               Lib
 3 Aug 1860 - 11 Jun 1863  Joseph Howe                        (s.a.)               Lib
11 Jun 1863 - 11 May 1864  James William Johnston (2nd time)  (s.a.)               Con
11 May 1864 -  4 Jul 1867  Charles Tupper                     (b. 1821 - d. 1915)  Cnf
 4 Jul 1867 -  7 Nov 1867  Hiram Blanchard                    (b. 1820 - d. 1874)  Con
 7 Nov 1867 - 11 May 1875  William Annand                     (b. 1808 - d. 1887)  AC/Lib
11 May 1875 - 22 Oct 1878  Philip Carteret Hill               (b. 1821 - d. 1894)  Lib
22 Oct 1878 - 25 May 1882  Simon Hugh Holmes                  (b. 1831 - d. 1919)  Con
25 May 1882 -  3 Aug 1882  John Sparrow David Thompson        (b. 1844 - d. 1894)  Con
 3 Aug 1882 - 28 Jul 1884  William Thomas Pipes               (b. 1850 - d. 1909)  Lib
28 Jul 1884 - 20 Jul 1896  William Stevens Fielding           (b. 1848 - d. 1929)  Lib
20 Jul 1896 - 24 Jan 1923  George Henry Murray                (b. 1861 - d. 1929)  Lib
24 Jan 1923 - 16 Jul 1925  Ernest Howard Armstrong            (b. 1864 - d. 1946)  Lib
16 Jul 1925 - 11 Aug 1930  Edgar Nelson Rhodes                (b. 1877 - d. 1942)  Con
11 Aug 1930 -  5 Sep 1933  Gordon Sidney Harrington           (b. 1883 - d. 1943)  Con
 5 Sep 1933 - 10 Jul 1940  Angus Lewis Macdonald (1st time)   (b. 1890 - d. 1954)  Lib
10 Jul 1940 -  8 Sep 1945  Alexander Stirling MacMillan       (b. 1871 - d. 1955)  Lib
 8 Sep 1945 - 13 Apr 1954  Angus Lewis Macdonald (2nd time)   (s.a.)               Lib
13 Apr 1954 - 30 Sep 1954  Harold Joseph Connolly             (b. 1901 - d. 1980)  Lib
30 Sep 1954 - 20 Nov 1956  Henry Davies Hicks                 (b. 1915 - d. 1990)  Lib
20 Nov 1956 - 13 Sep 1967  Robert Lorne Stanfield             (b. 1914 - d. 2003)  PC
13 Sep 1967 - 28 Oct 1970  George Isaac Smith                 (b. 1909 - d. 1982)  PC
28 Oct 1970 -  5 Oct 1978  Gerald Augustine Regan             (b. 1928 - d. 2019)  Lib
 5 Oct 1978 - 12 Sep 1990  John MacLennan Buchanan            (b. 1931 - d. 2019)  PC
12 Sep 1990 - 26 Feb 1991  Roger Stuart Bacon                 (b. 1926 - d. 2021)  PC
26 Feb 1991 - 11 Jun 1993  Donald "Don" William Cameron       (b. 1946 - d. 2021)  PC
11 Jun 1993 - 18 Jul 1997  John Patrick Savage                (b. 1932 - d. 2003)  Lib
18 Jul 1997 - 16 Aug 1999  Russell Gregoire MacLellan         (b. 1940)            Lib
16 Aug 1999 - 24 Feb 2006  John Frederick Hamm                (b. 1938)            PC
24 Feb 2006 - 19 Jun 2009  Rodney Joseph MacDonald            (b. 1972)            PC
19 Jun 2009 - 22 Oct 2013  Darrell Elvin Dexter               (b. 1957)            NDP
22 Oct 2013 - 23 Feb 2021  Stephen McNeil                     (b. 1964)            Lib
23 Feb 2021 - 31 Aug 2021  Iain Thomas Rankin                 (b. 1983)            Lib
31 Aug 2021 -              Timothy "Tim" Jerome Houston       (b. 1970)            PC

27 Jul 1605                Île Royale part of French Acadie (Acadia).
 1 Jul 1629 -  8 Sep 1629  English colony at Port de la Baleine.
1636 - 1690                Attempted French settlement.
15 Sep 1711                British occupation.
 2 Sep 1713                Restored to France, made a separate colony.
16 Jul 1745 - 12 Jul 1749  British occupation.
26 Jul 1758 -  7 Oct 1763  British occupation.
 7 Oct 1763                Ceded to U.K., part of Nova Scotia.
26 Aug 1784                Separate colony (Cape Breton Island).
 9 Oct 1820                Re-incorporated into Nova Scotia.

Governor
 1 Jul 1629 -  8 Sep 1629  James Stewart, Lord Ochiltree      (b. 1582? - d. 1659)
Administrators
1636 - 30 Jan 1654         Nicolas Denys de Fronsac (1st time)(b. 1603 - d. 1688)
30 Jan 1654 - 1655?        Emmmanuel Le Borgne                (b. 1610 - d. 1675)
1655? - 1688               Nicolas Denys de Fronsac (2nd time)(s.a.)
Governors
15 Sep 1711 -  2 Sep 1713  Sir Hovenden Walker                (b. c.1656 - d. 1728)
 2 Sep 1713 -  2 Oct 1714  Joseph Monbeton de Brouillan       (b. 1676 - d. 1755)
                             dit Saint-Ovide (1st time)
 2 Oct 1714 - 16 Sep 1717  Philippe de Pastour, sieur de      (b. 1661 - d. 1717)
                             Costebelle                 
16 Sep 1717 - 10 Sep 1739  Joseph Monbeton de Brouillan       (s.a.)
                             dit Saint-Ovide (2nd time) 
                             (acting to Apr 1718)
10 Sep 1739 - 10 May 1740  Isaac-Louis de Forant              (b. c.1685 - d. 1740)
10 May 1740 -  2 Nov 1740  François Le Coutre de Bourville    (b. c.1670 - d. 1758)
                             (acting)
 2 Nov 1740 -  9 Oct 1744  Jean-Baptiste Louis Prévost du     (b. 1685 - d. 1744)
                             Quesnel                    
 9 Oct 1744 - 16 Jul 1745  Louis du Pont du Chambon (acting)  (b. 1679 - d. 1775)
16 Jul 1745 -  2 Jun 1746  Sir Peter Warren                   (b. 1703 - d. 1752)
                             (acting to Aug 1745)
 2 Jun 1746 - Sep 1747     Charles Knowles                    (b. 1697 - d. 1777)
Sep 1747 - 12 Jul 1749     Peregrine Thomas Hopson (acting)   (b. 1696 - d. 1759)
23 Jul 1749 - 13 Sep 1751  Charles des Herbiers de la Ralière (b. 1700 - d. 1752)
 4 Aug 1751 - Oct 1753     Jean-Louis de Raymond,             (b. 1702 - d. 1771)
                             comte de Raymond   
Oct 1753 - 15 Aug 1754     Charles Joseph d'Ailleboust        (b. 1688 - d. 1761)
                             (acting)
15 Aug 1754 - 26 Jul 1758  Augustin de Boschenry, chevalier   (b. 1703 - d. 1762)
                             de Drucourt
British commander
26 Jul 1758 - 28 Aug 1758  Jeffery Amherst                    (b. 1717 - d. 1797)
Governors of Louisbourg, Islands of Cape Breton and St. John and all dependencies
28 Aug 1758 - 11 Dec 1761  Edward Whitmore                    (b. 1691 - d. 1761)
11 Dec 1761 -  7 Oct 1763  William Whitmore                   (b. 1714 - d. 1771)
 7 Oct 1763 - 26 Aug 1784  direct rule from Nova Scotia
Lieutenant Governors of Cape Breton Island
26 Aug 1784 - 12 Oct 1787  Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres  (b. 1722 - d. 1824)
12 Oct 1787 - 27 May 1795  William Macarmick                  (b. 1742 - d. 1815)
27 May 1795 - 21 Jun 1798  David Mathews (acting)             (b. c.1739 - d. 1800)
29 Jun 1798 - 21 Jun 1799  James Ogilvie (Ogilvy) (acting)    (b. c.1741 - d. 1813)
21 Jun 1799 - 16 Sep 1800  John Murray (acting)               (b. 1739 - d. 1824)
16 Sep 1800 -  6 Jul 1807  John Despard                       (b. 1745 - d. 1829)
                             (acting to 30 Oct 1806)  
 6 Jul 1807 -  1 Jan 1813  Nicholas Nepean                    (b. 1757 - d. 1823) 
 1 Jan 1813 - 15 Nov 1815  Hugh Swayne                        (b. c.1760 - d. 1836)
                             (acting to 1814)
15 Nov 1815 -  4 Nov 1816  Jonas Fitzherbert (acting)         (b. 1764? - d. 1817)
 4 Nov 1816 - 22 Jun 1830  George Robert Ainslie              (b. 1776 - d. 1839)
22 Jun 1820 -  9 Oct 1820  David Stewart (acting)             (b. 1772 - d. 1829)

Capital: Iqaluit (Frobisher Bay 1942-1987)

Population: 36,858 (2021)

15 Apr 1997                Office of the Interim Commissioner is established to
                             prepare for the creation of Nunavut.
 1 Apr 1999                Nunavut ("Our Land") Territory created from part 
                             of the Northwest Territories.

Premiers
 1 Apr 1999 - 14 Nov 2008  Paul Okalik                        (b. 1964)            Non-party
14 Nov 2008 - 19 Nov 2013  Eva Qamaniq Aariak (f)             (s.a.)               Non-party
19 Nov 2013 - 21 Nov 2017  Peter Taptuna                      (b. 1956)            Non-party
21 Nov 2017 - 14 Jun 2018  Paul Aarulaaq Quassa               (b. 1952)            Non-party
14 Jun 2018 - 19 Nov 2021  Joe Savikataaq                     (b. 1960)            Non-party
19 Nov 2021 -              Pauloosie Jamesie "P.J." Akeeagok  (b. 1984)            Non-party

1673                       Charles Bayly of the Hudson's Bay Company establishes a
                             fur-trading post originally called Moose Fort (later
                             Moose Factory).
20 Jun 1686 - 1694         French occupy Hudson's Bay Company post at Moose Factory
                             (renamed Fort St. Louis).
1694 - 1696                French re-occupy Moose Factory (renamed Fort Monsoni).
26 Dec 1791                Quebec divided into Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower
                             Canada (Quebec).                          
 5 Feb 1841                Canada West, part of Province of Canada.
 5 Dec 1837 -  4 Dec 1838  Rebellion in Upper Canada (Ontario) against the oligarchic
                             government of the province. "Republic of Canada" briefly
                             declared on Navy Island on 14 Dec 1837.
11 Mar 1848                Responsible government granted to Province of Canada.
 1 Jul 1867                Ontario (province of Canada).

Lieutenant Governors
26 Dec 1791 - 20 Jul 1796  John Graves Simcoe                 (b. 1752 - d. 1806)
                             (arrived 24 June 1792)
20 Jul 1796 - 17 Aug 1799  Peter Russell (acting)             (b. 1733 - d. 1808)
17 Aug 1799 - 11 Sep 1805  Peter Hunter                       (b. 1746 - d. 1805)
11 Sep 1805 - 25 Aug 1806  Alexander Grant (acting)           (b. 1734 - d. 1813)
25 Aug 1806 -  9 Oct 1811  Francis Gore (1st time)            (b. 1769 - d. 1852)
 9 Oct 1811 - 13 Oct 1812  Sir Isaac Brock (acting)           (b. 1769 - d. 1812)
13 Oct 1812 - 19 Jun 1813  Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe (acting)    (b. 1763 - d. 1851)
19 Jun 1813 - 13 Dec 1813  Francis de Rottenburg, Baron       (b. 1757 - d. 1832)
                             de Rottenburg (acting)
13 Dec 1813 - 25 Apr 1815  Sir Gordon Drummond (acting)       (b. 1771 - d. 1854)
25 Apr 1815 - 10 Jun 1815  Sir George Murray (provisional)    (b. 1772 - d. 1846)
10 Jun 1815 - 21 Sep 1815  Sir Frederick Philipse Robinson    (b. 1763 - d. 1852) 
                             (provisional)
21 Sep 1815 - 11 Jun 1817  Francis Gore (2nd time)            (s.a.)
12 Jun 1817 - 13 Aug 1818  Samuel Bois Smith (acting)         (b. 1756 - d. 1826)
13 Aug 1818 -  4 Nov 1828  Sir Peregrine Maitland             (b. 1777 - d. 1854)
 8 Mar 1820 - 30 Jun 1820  Samuel Bois Smith                  (s.a.) 
                             (acting for Maitland)  
 4 Nov 1828 - 26 Jan 1836  Sir John Colborne                  (b. 1778 - d. 1863)
26 Jan 1836 - 23 Mar 1838  Sir Francis Bond Head              (b. 1793 - d. 1875)
 5 Dec 1837 - 14 Jan 1838  William Lyon Mackenzie             (b. 1795 - d. 1861)  RPUC
                             (chairman of the government of the
                             Republic of Canada, in rebellion;
                             in Buffalo, U.S. 11-14 Dec 1837, on
                             Navy Island 14 Dec 1837 - 14 Jan 1838) 
16 Sep 1838 -  4 Dec 1838  Abram Daniel Smith                 (b. 1811 - d. 1865)
                             (provisional president of the government
                             of the Republic of Canada, in rebellion)
23 Mar 1838 -  5 Feb 1841  Sir George Arthur                  (b. 1784 - d. 1854)
 5 Feb 1841 -  1 Jul 1867  the governors of the Province of Canada
 1 Jul 1867 - 14 Jul 1868  Henry William Stisted              (b. 1817 - d. 1875)
14 Jul 1868 - 12 Nov 1873  William Pearce Howland             (b. 1811 - d. 1907)
12 Nov 1873 - 13 May 1875  John Willoughby Crawford           (b. 1817 - d. 1875)
13 May 1875 - 18 May 1875  William Buell Richards (acting)    (b. 1815 - d. 1889)
18 May 1875 -  1 Jul 1880  Donald Alexander Macdonald         (b. 1817 - d. 1896)
 1 Jul 1880 -  1 Jun 1887  John Beverley Robinson             (b. 1821 - d. 1896)
 1 Jun 1887 - 24 May 1892  Sir Alexander Campbell             (b. 1822 - d. 1892)
24 May 1892 - 30 May 1892  John Hawkins Hagarty (acting)      (b. 1816 - d. 1900) 
30 May 1892 -  7 Nov 1896  George Airey Kirkpatrick           (b. 1841 - d. 1899)
 7 Nov 1896 - 18 Nov 1897  Sir Casimir Stanislaw Gzowski      (b. 1813 - d. 1898)
                             (acting)(= Kazimierz Stanisław Gzowski)
18 Nov 1897 - 19 Apr 1903  Sir Oliver Mowat                   (b. 1820 - d. 1903)
19 Apr 1903 - 21 Apr 1903  Sir Charles Moss (acting)          (b. 1840 - d. 1912)
21 Apr 1903 - 22 Sep 1908  William Mortimer Clark             (b. 1836 - d. 1917)
                             (from 28 Aug 1907, Sir William Mortimer Clark)
22 Sep 1908 - 26 Sep 1914  John Morison Gibson                (b. 1842 - d. 1929)
                             (from 1 Jan 1912, Sir John Morison Gibson) 
26 Sep 1914 - 27 Nov 1919  John Strathearn Hendrie            (b. 1857 - d. 1923)
                             (from 3 Jun 1915, Sir John Strathearn Hendrie) 
27 Nov 1919 - 29 Aug 1921  Lionel Herbert Clarke              (b. 1859 - d. 1921)
29 Aug 1921 - 10 Sep 1921  Sir William Ralph Meredith         (b. 1840 - d. 1923)
                             (acting)
10 Sep 1921 - 12 Jan 1927  Henry Cockshutt                    (b. 1868 - d. 1944)
12 Jan 1927 - 25 Oct 1931  William Donald Ross                (b. 1869 - d. 1947)
25 Oct 1931 -  1 Nov 1932  Sir William Mulock (acting)        (b. 1843 - d. 1944)
 1 Nov 1932 - 23 Nov 1937  Herbert Alexander Bruce            (b. 1868 - d. 1963)
23 Nov 1937 - 26 Dec 1946  Albert Edward Matthews             (b. 1873 - d. 1949)
26 Dec 1946 - 18 Feb 1952  Frank Ray Lawson                   (b. 1886 - d. 1980)
18 Feb 1952 - 30 Dec 1957  Louis Orville Breithaupt           (b. 1890 - d. 1960)
30 Dec 1957 -  1 May 1963  John Keiller MacKay                (b. 1888 - d. 1970)
 1 May 1963 -  4 Jul 1968  William Earl Rowe                  (b. 1894 - d. 1984)
 4 Jul 1968 - 10 Apr 1974  William Ross Macdonald             (b. 1891 - d. 1976)
10 Apr 1974 - 15 Sep 1980  Pauline Mills McGibbon (f)         (b. 1910 - d. 2001)
15 Sep 1980 - 20 Sep 1985  John Black Aird                    (b. 1923 - d. 1995)
20 Sep 1985 - 11 Dec 1991  Lincoln MacCauley Alexander        (b. 1922 - d. 2012)
11 Dec 1991 - 24 Jan 1997  Henry Newton Rowell Jackman        (b. 1932)
24 Jan 1997 -  7 Mar 2002  Hilary Mary Weston (f)             (b. 1942)
 7 Mar 2002 -  5 Sep 2007  James Karl Bartleman               (b. 1939 - d. 2023)
 5 Sep 2007 - 23 Sep 2014  David Charles Onley                (b. 1950 - d. 2023)
23 Sep 2014 - 14 Nov 2023  Violet Elizabeth Dowdeswell (f)    (b. 1944)
14 Nov 2023 -              Edith Dumont (f)                   (b. 1964)

  
Premiers
 5 Feb 1841 - 30 Jun 1867  the premiers of Canada West
 1 Jul 1867 - 16 Jul 1867  John Alexander Macdonald           (b. 1815 - d. 1891)  Con
                             (interim)
16 Jul 1867 - 20 Dec 1871  John Sandfield Macdonald           (b. 1812 - d. 1872)  Con
20 Dec 1871 - 25 Oct 1872  Dominick Edward Blake              (b. 1833 - d. 1912)  Lib
25 Oct 1872 - 25 Jul 1896  Sir Oliver Mowat                   (s.a.)               Lib
25 Jul 1896 - 21 Oct 1899  Arthur Sturgis Hardy               (b. 1837 - d. 1901)  Lib
21 Oct 1899 -  8 Feb 1905  George William Ross                (b. 1841 - d. 1914)  Lib
 8 Feb 1905 - 25 Sep 1914  Sir James Pliny Whitney            (b. 1843 - d. 1914)  Con
25 Sep 1914 -  2 Oct 1914  William John Hanna (acting)        (b. 1862 - d. 1919)  Con
 2 Oct 1914 - 14 Nov 1919  Sir William Howard Hearst          (b. 1864 - d. 1941)  Con
14 Nov 1919 - 16 Jul 1923  Ernest Charles Drury               (b. 1878 - d. 1968)  UFO
16 Jul 1923 - 15 Dec 1930  George Howard Ferguson             (b. 1870 - d. 1946)  Con
15 Dec 1930 - 10 Jul 1934  George Stewart Henry               (b. 1871 - d. 1958)  Con
10 Jul 1934 - 21 Oct 1942  Mitchell Frederick Hepburn         (b. 1896 - d. 1953)  Lib
21 Oct 1942 - 18 May 1943  Gordon Daniel Conant               (b. 1885 - d. 1953)  Lib
30 Apr 1943 (hours)        Thomas Baker McQuesten             (b. 1882 - d. 1948)  Lib
                             (acting for Conant)
18 May 1943 - 17 Aug 1943  Harry Corwin Nixon                 (b. 1891 - d. 1961)  Lib
17 Aug 1943 - 19 Oct 1948  George Alexander Drew              (b. 1894 - d. 1973)  PC
19 Oct 1948 -  4 May 1949  Thomas Laird Kennedy               (b. 1878 - d. 1959)  PC
 4 May 1949 -  8 Nov 1961  Leslie Miscampbell Frost           (b. 1895 - d. 1973)  PC
 8 Nov 1961 -  1 Mar 1971  John Parmenter Robarts             (b. 1917 - d. 1982)  PC
 1 Mar 1971 -  8 Feb 1985  William "Bill" Grenville Davis     (b. 1929 - d. 2021)  PC
 8 Feb 1985 - 26 Jun 1985  Frank Stuart Miller                (b. 1927 - d. 2000)  PC
26 Jun 1985 -  1 Oct 1990  David Robert Peterson              (b. 1943)            Lib
 1 Oct 1990 - 26 Jun 1995  Robert "Bob" Keith Rae             (b. 1948)            NDP
26 Jun 1995 - 15 Apr 2002  Michael "Mike" Deane Harris        (b. 1945)            PC
15 Apr 2002 - 23 Oct 2003  Ernest "Ernie" Larry Eves          (b. 1946)            PC
23 Oct 2003 - 11 Feb 2013  Dalton James Patrick McGuinty, Jr. (b. 1955)            Lib
11 Feb 2013 - 29 Jun 2018  Kathleen O'Day Wynne (f)           (b. 1953)            Lib
29 Jun 2018 -              Douglas "Doug" Robert Ford, Jr.    (b. 1964)            PC