Shan and Karenni States of Burma
Note: "Burma" before
1948 consisted of the British colonial territory (covering
the extinct kingdoms of "Burma," Talaing (Pegu), and
Arakan, as well as some minor lands), together with two
groups of states, whose status was similar to that of the
Indian states: the Shan states and the Karen states.
"Shan" is a Burmese word, cognate with "Siam"; the Shan
states are
ethnically Tai, closely related to the majority
population of Thailand; for a time they formed the "Shan State" in
independent Burma. The Karenni states formed for a time
the "Kayah State"
in independent Burma (Map
of Shan States c.1910). On 29 Apr 1959 the
Shan and Kayah rulers formally
surrendered their ruling powers to the Burmese government.
Shan (Tai)
states
Note: In the interest of
comprehensiveness, a number of states are listed for
which no record of rulers is available. The ruler of a
major Shan (Tai) state is styled saohpa
(Burmese: sawbwa); in minor
states the ruler may be styled myoza
or ngwegunhmu. Burmese names
of the
states are given in parentheses.
1887
British protectorate over the Shan States.
1 Oct
1922
Federated Shan States formed by U.K.
(34 northern and southern Shan states; not
including the Wa states).
10 Oct 1922
Karenni (Kayah)
states placed under the administration of the
Shan states.
1 Apr
1937
By the Burma Act, the Shan State is administratively
separated from Burma proper and put under a second
administrative circle.
25 Nov 1942 - 25 Sep 1943 Japanese
occupation (de facto to 3 May 1945).
Dec 1942 -
1945
Thailand occupies parts of Shan States (Kengtung [Kyaington]
and Möngpan)
which are annexed by Thailand 1 Aug 1943.
25 Sep 1943 - 3 May
1945 Part of Republic of Burma.
4 Jan
1948
Part of independent Union of Burma.
British Superintendents for Northern Shan States
(at Lashio)
May 1888 -
1891
Hugh Daly
(b.
1860 - d. 1939)
Jul 1892 -
1893
James George Scott
(b. 1851 - d. 1935)
Sep 1893 - May 1894
Leslie Harry Saunders (acting)
(b. 1868 - d. 1926)
c.1896
L.E. Elliot
Jun 1900 - 1905?
George Claudius Beresford
Stirling (b. 1861 - d. 1929)
1905? - 1920?
Hugh Aylmer Thornton
(b. 1872 - d. 19..)
1920 - 1922?
Edward Butterfield
(b. 1880 - d. 19..)
1922 - c.1930
Godfrey E. Harvey
(b. 1880 - d. 19..)
c.1932 - c.1936
Frank Samuel Grose
(b.
1881 - d. 1941)
c.1936 - c.1940
John Shaw
British Superintendents for Southern Shan States
(at Ft. Stedman to 1894, then Taunggyi)
Jan 1888 - Mar
1902 Arthur
Hedding
Hildebrand
(b. 1843 - d. 1918)
1902 -
1910
James George Scott
(s.a.)
(from 1906, Sir James George
Scott)
1910 - 1921?
George Claudius
Beresford Stirling (s.a.)
1921? - 1922
....
British Resident Commissioners for the Federated
Shan States
and Chairmen of the
Shan Federated States Council
1922 - 1931?
J.L. McCallum
c.1929
Godfrey E. Harvey
(s.a.)
(acting for
MacCallum)
c.1931
Idwal Geoffrey Lloyd (acting)
(b. 1878 - d. 1946)
1931 - Dec
1935
John Clague
(b. 1882 - d.
1958)
c.1936
H.L. Nichols
1935? - 10 Sep 1937
Frank Samuel Grose
(s.a.)
11 Sep 1937 - 25 May 1938
Philip Christopher
Fogarty
(d. 1942)
(1st time)
26 May 1938 - 9 Jun
1938 Craw (acting)
9 Jun 1938 -
1942
Philip Christopher Fogarty
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
Japanese High
Commissioners for the Shan States
25 Nov 1942 - 6 Feb
1943 Nakada Saichiro
7 Feb 1943 - 30 Jun
1943 Tanifuji Nagahide
1 Jul 1943 - 23 Dec
1943 Takuma
Nishimura
(b. 1889 - d. 1951)
Thai Military governor
in Kengtung (Kyaington) and Möngpan
Dec 1942 -
1945
Phin Choonhavan
(b. 1891 - d.
1973)
Directors of Frontier
Areas Administration (in Rangoon)
1945 - 1946
H.N.C. Stevenson
1946 -
1948
John L. Leyden
(b. 1904 - d.
....)
British Resident in
the Northern Shan States
1945 - 1948?
John Walter Leedham
(b. 1905 - d. ....)
British Residents in
the Southern Shan States
1945? -
1948
A.W.H. Breakey
Hopong (Hopon)
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1783 - 1818
Hkun Kya
1818 - 1833
Hkun Sin
1833 - 184
Hkun Nun
1845
Hkun
La
1845 - 1851
Hkun Lin
1851 - 1885
Hkun Ti
Rulers (title Myoza)
1885 - 1893
Hkun Wara
1893 - 1900
Hkun Tse
1900 - 1952
Hkun
Law
(b. 1896 - d. ....)
Hsahtung
(Thaton)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1781 - c.1838
Hkun Samu
1839 - c.1896
Hkun Kyaw Le
c.1896 - 1905
Hkun Law
(b. 1874 - d. 19..)
1905 - 1930
....
1930 - 1946
Sao Hkun Kyi
(b. .... - d. 1946)
1946 - 1959
Sao Aung Myint
Hsamönghkam
(Thamaingkan)
bf.1700
Hsamönghkam state founded.
Rulers (title Myoza; 6 Nov
1848-1899? Ngwegunhmu)
1759 - c.1807
Maung Pon
1807 - 1825
Maung Shwe Pon
1825 -
1834
Maung Shwe E (1st time)
1834 - 1842
Maung Me (1st time)
1842 -
1847
Maung Shwe E (2nd time)
1847 -
1848
Maung Me (2nd time)
6 Nov 1848 -
1867
Maung Shwe Min (1st time)
(d. 1886)
1867
Maung Lin (1st time)
1867 - c.1874
Maung Tha U
c.1875 -
1876
Maung Kyi
c.1875 - 1876
Maung Shwe Ni -Regent
1876 -
18..
Maung Lin (2nd time)
18.. -
1885
Maung Su Ka
1885 -
1886
Maung Shwe Min (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1886 - c.1946
Maung
Hpo
(b. 1854 - d. c.1946)
c.1947
Sao Htun E
19.. - 1959
Sao Htun Aye (Aungban)
Hsawnghsup
(Thaungdut)
Rulers (title Saohpa)
.... -
....
Sao Sa
.... -
....
Sao Pon
.... -
....
Sao Ti Kyaing
.... -
....
Sao Haw Nga
.... -
....
Sao Leik Kan
.... -
....
Sao Aung Ba
1858? - 22 Oct
1880 Sao
Shwe Maung
1880 -
1893
Sao Kan Mun
(d. 1893)
Hsenwi (Theinni)
bf.650
Legendary foundation of Hsenwi (ritual name:
Sivirattha).
Mar
1888
State split into North Hsenwi and South Hsenwi.
Rulers (title Saohpa)
1686 - 1721
Hso Hung Hpa
1721
Se U III -Regent
(2nd time)
1721 - 1724
Han Hpa Hko Hkam Hung -Regent
1724 - 1730
Hpawng Mong Long
Hsung Wat
1730
Mong Hkam -Regent
1730
Hkam Hong -Regent
(1st time)
1730 - 1746
Sao Hkam Hsawng Hpa
1746
Hkam Hong -Regent
(2nd time)
1746 - c.1747
Sao Hkun Hseng Hong
c.1747 - 1750
Mahadevi Wing Hsup Pang -Regent
1750
Hkam Hong -Regent
(3rd time)
1750 - 1751
Sao Mang Te
1751 - 1752
Hkam Hong -Regent
(4th time)
1752 - 1761
Vacant
1761 - 1767
Hkun Hseng Awng Tun
1767 - 1770
Myauk Win Hmu -Regent
1770 - 1772
Sayawadi Wun
1772 - 1773
Sety-taw Wun
1773 - 1775
U Teng Pong Nya
1775 - 1775
Vacant
1778 -
1800
Sao Hswe Cheng (Kon)
1800
Hsup
Pang -Regent
1800 -
1815
Sao Hsö Kaw
1815 -
1819
Mogaung Wun -Regent
1819 -
1821
Sao Naw Möng
1821 -
1824
Hkun Hkam Hkawt
1824 -
1827
Sao Hkam Pak
1827 -
1831
Sao Hkam Nan
1831 -
1838
Sao Hkun Maung Lek
1838 -
1845
Sao Hkam Leng (Hsö Hkan Hpa) (d.
1847)
1845 -
1848
Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (1st time) (d.
1864)
1848 -
1853
Vacant
1853 -
1855
Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (2nd time)
1855 -
1858
Vacant
1858 -
1860
Sao Hpa Mawng Hpa (1st time)
(d. 1879)
1860 -
1863
Vacant
1863 -
1864
Sao Hpa Mawng Hpa (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1864 -
1866
Shwe Pyi Bo
1866 -
1867
U Ma Nga
1867 -
1869
Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1869 -
1873
Vacant
1873 -
1874
Win Hmu
1874 -
1875
Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (4th time)
(s.a.)
1875 -
1876
Natsu Letya
1876 -
1879
Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (5th time)
(s.a.)
1879 - Mar
1888
Hkun Hsang Tone
Hung
(b. 1856 - d. 1915)
North Hsenwi
Rulers (title Saohpa)
Mar 1888 - Dec 1915
Hkun Hsang Tone
Hung
(s.a.)
Jul 1927 -
1952
Sao Hom
Hpa
(b. 1906 - d. ....)
South Hsenwi
Rulers (title Saohpa)
Mar 1888 -
1913
Sao Naw
Möng
(b. 1855 - d. 1913)
1913 -
1946
Sao Song
(d.
1946)
1946 - 29 May 1959
Sao Hsu Hom
Hsihkip (Thigyit)
c.1600
Hsihkip state founded.
1886
State incorporated into Yawnghwe.
Rulers (title Myoza)
.... - ....
Hkun Kaw Tha
c.1782
Hkun Hla Baw
1800?
Hkun Chok
18.. -
18..
Hkun Hpe
18.. -
18..
Hkun Daw
18.. -
18..
Maung Paw
18.. -
18..
Maung Paik
18.. -
18..
Hkun Hmom
18.. -
18..
Hkam Lin -Regent
184. -
184.
Hkun Nyun
184. -
1848
Twet Kye -Regent
1848 -
1851
Hkun Ywe
1851 -
1862
Hkun Ton
1863 -
1870
Son Hkun Hpon
1870 -
1886
Maung Hnya
Hsipaw (Thibaw)
58
BC
Legendary foundation of Hsipaw (ritual name:
Dutavadi).
1887
British protectorate.
1938 -
1947
Administered by Burma.
Rulers (title Saohpa)
1675 - 1702
Hso Wai Hpa
1702 - 1714
Sao Okka Wara
1714 - 1718
Sao Okka Seya
1718 - 1722
Sao Sam Myo
1722 - 1752
Sao Hkun Neng
1752 - 1767
Sao Sawra Tawta
1767 - 1788
Sao Myat San Te
1788 -
1809
Sao Hswe Kya
1809 -
1843
Sao Hkun Hkwi
1843 -
1853
Sao Hkun Paw
1853 - 1858
Sao Kya
Htun
(d. 1866)
1858 - 1866
Hkun Myat Thade
1866 - 8 May 1902
Sao Kya
Hkeng (deposed 1882-86) (d. 1902)
(from Mar 1886, Sao Hkun Hseng)
1902 - May
1928
Sir Sao
Hke
(b. 1872 - d. 1928)
1928 - Jul
1938
I Sao Ohn
Kya
(d. 1938)
1938 -
1947
administered by Burma
1947 - 1959
Sao Kya
Seng
(b. 1925 - d. 1962)
Hsumhsai (Hsum Hsai)
af.1897
Incorporated into Hsipaw.
Rulers (title Saohpa)
.... -
1846
....
Rulers (title Hseng)
1846 - 18..
....
18.. -
1886
Maung Pwe
Rulers (title Myoza)
1886 -
1887
Soi Kong Kyawk Teng
30 Nov 1887 - 1894
Khun Meik
1894 - Jan
1897
Vacant
Jan 1897 - ....
Kun Hmon
Kehsi Mangam
(Kyithi Bansan)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1860 -
1881
Hkun Yawt
1881 -
....
Hkun Yawt
Hseng
(b. 1844 - d. ....)
Kengcheng
(Kyaingchaing)
1892
State incorporated into Kengtung.
1896
Given to Siam by British.
Ruler (title Ngwegunhmu; by c.1880 Myoza)
18.. - 1881
Sao Kawng Tai
(d. 1885)
1881 - 1882
Sao Hsiri
1882 - 1892
Hkun
Hsang
(b. 1862 - d. 19..)
Kenghkam
(Kyaingkan)
1811
Kenghkam state founded.
1870 -
1874
State incorporated into Möngnai.
1878 -
1882
State incorporated into Möngnai.
Rulers (title Myoza)
1811 -
1854
Bodaw Sao Hkam Yi
1855 -
1864
Sao Hkun Mwe
1864 - 1870
Naw Hkam Leng
1870 - 1870
incorporated into Möngnai
1874 -
1878
Sao Hkun Long
1878 -
1882
incorporated into Möngnai
1882 - c.1889
Sao Naw Süng
c.1889 -
19..
Hkun Un
Kenglön
(Kyainglon)
1926
State incorporated
into Kehsi Mangam.
Rulers (title Myoza)
1857 -
1873
Maung Pwin
(d. 1873)
1873 -
1874
Naw Hkam U
1874 - 1885
Hkun Tawa
1885 - c.1886
Hkun Tawn
c.1886 - ....
Hkun Mong
(b. 1844 - d. 19..)
Kengtawng
Rulers
.... -
....
....
Kengtung
(Kyaington)
Legendary antiquity
Kengtung state (ritual name: Khemarattha) founded.
1802 -
18..
Occupied by Lan Na (Chhiangmay)(now
in Thailand).
18.. -
1813
Occupied by Burma.
1 Aug 1943 -
1945
Annexed to Thailand.
1958
Incorporated into Thailand.
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Khemadhipati
Rajadhiraja)
.... - ....
Sao Awk
.... - 1730
Sao Möng
Lek
(b. 1646 - d. 1730)
1730 - c.1735
Sao Maung Hkawn (1st time)
(b. 1706 - d.17..)
c.1735 -
1739
Vacant
1739 - 1742
Sao Maung Hkawn (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1742 - 1786
Sao Möng Hsam
(b. 1744 - d.
1786)
1787 -
1802
Sao Kawng Tai I (1st time)
(b. 1769 - d. 1813)
1814 - 1815
Sao Kawng Tai I (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1815 -
1857
Sao Maha Hkanan
(b. 1781 - d.
1857)
1857 -
1876
Sao Maha Pawn
(b. 1814 - d.
1876)
1877 - 1881
Sao Hseng
(b.
1818 - d. 1881)
1881 - 1885
Sao Kawng Tai II
(b. 1829 - d. 1885)
1886 -
1895
Sao Kawn Kham Hpu
(b. 1874 - d. 1895)
7 May 1895 - 21 Jul 1935 Sao Kawn
Kyaw Intaleng
(b. 1874 - d. 1935)
(administrator to 9 Feb 1897)
21 Jul 1935 - Aug 1935 Sao Kaung Tai
(b. 1899 - d. 1935)
1935 - 1945
British administration
1945 - 1962
Sao Sai Long
(b. 1927 - d. 1997)
Kokang
1739
Kho Kan Shan state established in area with capital
at Satishu.
The area became a district within the state of
Hsenwi (from
1888 North Hsenwi),
but remained, in effect, an
autonomous sub-state under the Chinese Yang
dynasty.
1795
Renamed Ko Kang.
1840
Accepted the sovereignty of Hsenwi.
4 Feb
1897
Under British protection after China
relinquishes jurisdiction.
12 Aug
1947
Recognized as a separate Shan
state.
Rulers
1739 -
1758
Yang Shien Tsai
(Cai)
(b. 1685 - d. 1758)
1758 -
1795
Yang Wei Shin
(Xing)
(d. 1795)
Rulers (title Heng)
1795 -
1840
Yang Yon Gen
(b. 1770 - d. 1840)
1840 -
1874
Yang Guo
Hwa
(b. 1814 - d. 1874)
1874 -
1916
Yang Guo Zhen (Hkun Lu
Kwan) (b. 1840 -
d. 1919)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1916 - 17 Jan
1927
Yang Chun Yon
(b. 1878 - d. 1927)
(Yang Shwin Yong Tzu Ye)
17 Jan 1927 -
1943
Sao Yang Wen Pi (1st time
) (b. 1897 -
d. 1949)
(deposed by the Chinese nationalists
1943; in exile 1944 - Oct 1945)
Oct 1945 - 25 Aug 1947 Sao Yang Wen Pi
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
Rulers (title of Saopha)
25 Aug 1947 -
1949
Sao Yang Wen
Pi
(s.a.)
1949 - 17 May
1959
Sao Edward Yang Kyein
Tsai
(b. 1918 - d. 1971)
Kyawkku
Hsiwan (Kyaukku)
1922
State incorporated
into Polia.
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... - ....
Nga San Bon
.... - ....
Nga San Mya
.... - 1783
Nga San Ma
1783 -
1820
Nga Kaw Tha
1820 -
1821
Nga Thi Ri
1821 -
1843
Nga Chit Win
1844 -
1852
Nga Shwe Maung I (1st time)
1852 -
1856
Nga Shwe Yit -Regent
1856 -
1863
Nga Shwe Maung I (2nd time)
1863 -
1865
Nga Yan Kon -Regent
1865 -
1873
Nga San
1873 -
1874
Nga Shwe Maung II -Regent
1874 -
1876
Nga Tha U -Regent
1876 -
1877
Nga Tun -Regent
1877 - 1881
Nga Pai Su (Nga Pyan)
1881 - 1922
Nga
Thaing
(b.
d.1873 - d. 1922?)
Kyong (Kyon)
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1867 - ....
Maung
Po
(b. 1841 - d. ....)
Laihka (Legya)
1505
Laihka state (ritual name: Hansavadi) founded.
Rulers (title Myoza)
1734 - 1794
Khun Lek
1794 -
1803
Law Na
1803 -
1807
La Hkam
1807 -
18..
Hkun Lek
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa
Rahta Mahawunths Thiri Thudamaraza)
18.. -
1854
Hkun Lek
1854 -
1856
Shwe Ok Hka (Shwe Taung Kyaw)
1856 -
1860
Hkun Long
1860 -
1862
Sao Hkam Mawng (1st time)
1862 -
1866
Hkun Hkawt
1866 -
1868
.... (f)
1868 -
1879
Sao Hkam Mawng (2nd time)
1879 -
1882
Vacant
1882 -
1928
Hkun
Lai
(b. 1858 - d. 1928)
1928 -
1952
Sao Num
Lawksawk
(Yatsauk)
1630
Lawksawk state founded (old name Rathawadi).
1881 -
1886
Occupied by Yawnghwe.
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa
Rahta Maha Thiriwuntha Thudama)
1680 - 1707
Pai Hkam
1707 - 1729
Shwe Gyaw
1729 - 1753
Hkun Shwe Tha
1753 - Jul 1760
Tha Pun Minaung
1760 - 1763
Maung Gyi
1763 - Jul 1790
Shwe Yi
Jul 1790 - 1791
Vacant
1791 - 1792
Maung Kywet
(d. 1792)
1791 -
1811
Hkun Sam Lik
1811 - 1812
Vacant
May 1812 -
1813
On Gaing
(d.
1834)
1813 -
1850
Hkun Shwe Ek
(d. 1850)
1850 - Dec
1854
Vacant
1854 - 1856
Lai Hka
(d. 1856)
1856 - 1881
Sao
Waing (1st
time)
(b. 1846 - d. 1896)
1881 - 1886
Sai Pwin -Administrator
1886 - Jan 1887
Sao Waing (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Jan 1887 - Oct
1887 Bo
Saing -Regent
9 Oct 1887 -
1900
Hkun Nu
1900 -
1946
Sao Hkun
Nsok
(b. 1863 - d. 1946)
1946 -
1952
Sao Hkun So
Loi-ai (Lwe-e)
1930
State incorporated
into Hsamönghkam.
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... - ....
Maung Baung [1st ruler]
.... - ....
Maung Maing
.... -
1814
Paw Kyi
1814 -
1834
Maung Shwe
1834 -
1864
Kaw Thaw
1864 -
1868
Maung Kaing
(d. 1870)
1868 - 1869
Nga Meik -Regent
1869 - 1870
Nga Hpo -Regent
1870 - c.1930
Hkun Shwe Kyn
(d. c.1930)
Loilong (Lwelong)
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
c.1779 - c.1783
Laten
c.1783 - c.1812
Latu
c.1812 - 18..
Lanaw
18.. - 18..
Ba
Tin -Regent (1st time)
18.. - 18..
Shwe Ni
18.. - 18..
Ba
Tin -Regent (2nd time)
18.. - 18..
Shwe Aung
18.. - 18..
Ba Tin -Regent (3rd time)
18.. - 18..
Nga Po
.... -
1854
Hkun
Na
(d. 1854)
1854 -
1856
Hkun San
Da
(d. 1856)
1856 -
1880
Hkun Pu (La
Mu)
(d. 1882)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1880 -
1882
Hkun Pu (La
Mu)
(s.a.)
1882 - c.1952
Hkun Hkam
Chok
(b. 1874 - d. ....)
Loimaw (Lwemaw)
c.1800
Loimaw state founded.
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... - ....
Muang Hpo Sao (1st time)
(d. 1844)
.... -
1834
Maung Hpo Gok
(d. 1837)
1834 -
1844
Maung Hpo Sao (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1844 -
1847
Maung Lok
(d.
1847)
1847
Maung Shwe Daung
1847 -
1874
Maung Shwe Pyi (1st time)
(b. 1830 - d. 1902)
1847 - 1853
Maung Tok Gyi -Regent
(d.
1853)
1853 - 1855
Twet Min -Regent
(d. 1855)
1874 -
1876
Vacant
1876 -
1877
Maung Kya
1877 - 1878
Vacant
12 Feb 1878 -
1880
Maung Meik
1880 -
1886
Maung Chit
1886
Maung At
(d.
1897)
1886 - 1902
Maung Shwe Pyi (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1902 - c.1952
Hkun
Kyaw
(b. 1861 - d. 19..)
Manglön (Manglun)
1814
Manglön state founded (ritual name: Jambularattha)
1870 - 1892
Divided into East and West Manglön.
Rulers (title Saohpa)
1814 -
1822
Hsö Hkam (Ta
Awng)
(d. 1822)
1822 -
1852
Sao Hkun Sang (Khun Sing)
(d. 1852)
1852 -
1853
Uyaraza (Upayaza)
(d. 1854)
1853 -
1860
Naw Hpa (Nawpha)
(d. 1860)
1860 - 1881
Tön Hsang (Tun Sang)
(b. 1825 - d. 1881)
(from 1870, in East Manglön)
1870 - 1877
Hsang Kyaw (in West Manglön)
1877 -
1892
Sao Maha (in West Manglön)
1892 -
1919
Tön Hsang Hang
1919 -
1946
Sao Hka
Nan
(b. 1892 - d. 1946)
1946 - 1959
Sao Man
Laik
(b. 1922)
Maw (Baw)
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... -
....
....
Mawkmai (Maukme)
bf.1800
Mawkmai state founded (ritual name: Lokavadi).
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa
Rahta Mahawuntha Thiriraza)
1767 - c.1800
Hsai Khaio
1800 -
1818
Hsai Kyaw
1818 -
1824
Awk Hkun
1824 -
1831
Let To
1831 -
1844
Hkam U
1844 -
1867
Ko Lan (1st time)
1867 -
1868
Hkum Hmôm I
1868 -
1887
Ko Lan (2nd time)
1887 -
1888
Hkun Hmôm II (1st time)
Mar 1888 -
1888
Hkun Noi Kyu
1888 - 18..
Hkun Hmôm II (2nd time)
1899 - ....
Hkun Htun
Peng
(b. 1883 - d. ....)
1915 - 1952
Hkun Hkaing
Mawnang (Bawnin)
Rulers (title Myoza)
.... - ....
Hkam Hon [1st ruler]
.... - ....
Nam Hkam Lin
.... - ....
Maung Ne Dun
.... - ....
Maung Kut
.... - ....
Maung Kye
.... - ....
Maung La
.... - ....
Sao Ta
.... - 1736
Maung Saung
1736 - 1752
Ye Tut
1752 - 1766
Tha Son
1766 - c.1767
Maung Myat (1st time)
c.1767 - 1774
Vacant
1774 -
....
Maung Myat (2nd time)
.... -
....
Naw Hkam Lin
.... -
....
Maung Kaung
.... -
....
Maung Pot
.... -
....
Maung Maung
.... -
1883
Hkun Hkam
1883 -
1886
Hkun Shwe Hkam -Regent
1886 - ....
Sao
Hkim
(b. 1851 - d. ....)
Mawsön (Bawzaing)
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... - ....
Maung Nwe
1784 -
....
Maung Pwe
.... -
....
Maung Kyaw
.... -
....
Maung Waing
.... -
....
Maung Nyun
1878 -
....
Maung Kya
Ywet
(b. 1851 - d. ....)
Mönghsu
(Maingshu) and Möngsang (Maingsin)
1857
Mönghsu and Möngsang states, in personal union,
founded.
Rulers (title Myoza)
1857 - 1876
....
1876 - ....
Hkun
Kyaw
(b. 1845 - d. ....)
Möngkawng
(Mogaung)
58
BC
Legendary foundation of Möngkawng state
(ritual name: Udiri Pale).
1479 -
1483
Occupied by China.
1495 -
1495
Occupied by China.
1651 -
1742
Occupied by Burma.
1771 -
1775
Occupied by Burma.
1796
Incorporated into Burma.
Ruler (title Saohpa)
1663 - 1673
Sui Yaw
1673 - 1729
Sui Kyek
1729 - 1739
Hum
1739 - 1748
Haw Seing (1st time)
(d.
1777)
1748 - 1765
Haw Kam
1765 - 1768
Haw Seing (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1768 - 1771
Maung Kiaw
1771 - 1775
Maung Piu
(d. 1775)
1775 - 1785
Vacant
1785 -
1796
Yaw Pan Kyung
Möngküng
(Maingkaing)
1835
Möngküng state founded (ritual name: Langkavadi).
Ruler (title Myoza 1835-54, 1863-73; Saohpa
1854-63, from 1873)
1835 - 1860
Hkun Long
(d. 1860)
1860 - 1863
Hkun Long II
1863 - 1873
Gu Na
(d. 1873)
1873 - 1879
Hkun San Kwan
1879 - ....
Hkun
Mong
(b. 1873 - d. ....)
Möngleng
(Mohlaing)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1840?
Kya U
18.. -
1887
Hkam Leng
Mönglong
af.1894
State incorporated into Hsipaw.
Rulers (title Myoza)
1813?-
1842
Hsö Han Hpa
1842 -
1854
Hsö San Hpa (Hkun Hsa)
1854 -
1866
Hsö Kawn Kyawng
1866 -
18..
Hkun Nyon
18.. -
1880
Hkun Yawt
1880 -
188.
Heng Nga Maung
188. -
1888
Hkun Saing (Hsawng)
1888 -
1894
Hkun Hsa
1894 -
....
Sao Hke
Möngmao
568
Möngmao state founded.
af.1604
State extinguished.
Möngmit (Momeik)
bf.1000
Möngmit state founded (ritual name: Gandalarattha).
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Gantalarahta
Maha Thiriwuntha Raza)
1830?
Maung Hmaing
1837?
Maung E Pu (1st time)
1850 -
1851
Maung E Pu (2nd time)
1851 -
1858
Hkun Te
1858 -
1861
Haw Kyin
1861 - 1862
Kaw San -Regent
1862 - 1867
Maung Yo
1867 -
1874
Hkam Mo
1874 - 1883
Kan Ho
1883 - 1936
Sao Kin Maung
Gye
(b. 1883 - d. 1936)
1887 - 1892
Sao Maung -Regent
(b. 1848 - d. 1929)
Feb 1936 - 1952
Sao Hkun
Hkio
(b. 1912 - d. 1990)
Möngnai (Mone)
bf.1800
Möngnai state founded (ritual name: Saturambha).
Rulers
c.1802 - 1848
Maung Shwe Paw
1848 - 1850
Maung Yit
1850 - 1851
U Po Ka
1852
U Shwe
Kyu
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style
Kambawsa Rahta Mahawunthiri Pawara Thudamaraza)
1852 - 1875
Hkun Nu Nom
1875 - 1914
Hkun
Kyi
(b. 1847 - d. 1914)
6 May 1914 - 1928
Hkun Kyaw Sam
1928 - 1949
Hkun Kyaw
Ho
(b. .... - d. 1949)
1949 - 1958
Sao Pye
Möngnawng
(Maingnaung)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1851 -
1866
Heng Awn
1866 -
1868
Hkun Hkang
1868 -
19..
Hkun
Tun
(b. 1858 - d. 19..)
Möngpai (Mobye)
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa
Mahawuntha Thiridamaraza)
1763 - c.1800
Hkun Pya (1st time)
c.1800 -
1803
....
1803 -
1805
Hkun Pya (2nd time)
1805 -
1808
Hkam Maung
1808 -
1820
Hkam Hlaing (1st time)
1820 -
1823
Nga Kyi -Regent
1823 - Jul
1836
Hkam Hlaing (2nd time)
1836 - Feb
1891
Hkun Yon
Feb 1891 -
1908
Hkun
Hsvriya
(b. 1852 - d. 1908)
1908 -
1952
Sao Pin Nya
Möngpan
(Maingpan)
1637
Möngpan state founded (ritual
name: Dhannavadi).
1 Aug 1943 -
1945
Annexed to Thailand.
Rulers (title Myoza)
1637 - ....
Tawk La
.... - ....
Twak Hkam
.... - ....
Twak Twe
.... - ....
Op La
.... - ....
Hkun Som
.... - ....
Shwe Tong
.... - ....
Sai U
.... - ....
Sai Nyo
.... - 1809
Naw Hkam
(d.
1809)
1809 -
1823
Mana Ne Myo
(d. 1823)
1823 -
1858
Maung Shwe Hkam
(d. 1858)
1858 -
1867
Hkun Tun U
(d. 1886)
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa
Mahawuntha Thirdamaraza)
1867 -
1886
Hkun Tun U
(s.a.)
1886 - 1918
Hkun Num
Leng
(b. 1869 - d. 1918)
1918 - 1952
Hkun On
Möngpawn
(Maingpun)
bf.1800
Möngpawn state founded (ritual name: Rajjavadi).
Rulers (title Myoza)
1816 -
1860
Hkun Lek
1860 -
1880
Hkun
Ti
(b. 1847 - d. 1928)
Rulers (title Saohpa)
1880 -
1928
Hkun Ti
(s.a.)
1928 - 20 Jul
1947
Sao Sam
Htun
(b. 1907 - d. 1947)
20 Jul 1947 -
1952
Sao Hso Hom
(b. 1936)
Möngping
(Maingpyin)
af.1842
State incorporated into Lawksawk.
Rulers
1835 -
1842
Hkam Hlaing
1842 -
....
Hkam Kaw
Möngsit
(Maingseik)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1816 -
18..
....
18.. -
1857
Sao Haw Pik
1857 -
18..
Hkun Kyaw San
18.. -
1873
Hkun Lu
1873 -
1876
....
1876 -
1880
....
1880 -
1883
Vacant
1883 -
....
Hkam
Pwin
(b. 1861 - d. ....)
Möngtung
(Maington)
1886 -
1888
Occupied by Hsenwi.
Rulers (title Myoza)
.... -
....
Hkun Sang Kang
.... -
....
Hkun Kyaw Htam
.... -
1886
Hkun Hsa
1888 -
1896
Hkun Lun
1896 -
19..
Haw Yawt
Möngyang
(Mohnyin)
bf.1400
Möngyang state established.
1579 -
1584
Occupied by Burma.
af.1604
Incorporated into Burma.
Möngyawng
17..
Möngyawng state founded.
... - 1814
Siamese occupation.
1815
State incorporated into Kengtung.
Rulers (title Myoza)
c.17.. - 17..
Tao Luk
17.. - 17..
Tao Ngam
17.. - 17..
Sunabnta
17.. - 17..
Sulang Ka Wutti
17.. -
....
Inta Wasai
.... -
....
....
.... -
....
Hsai Ya Kuman I
.... -
....
Hsen Sulin (Surin Pumintha)
.... -
....
Hsai Ya Kuman II
.... -
....
Sao Yawt
1814 - 1815
Maha Hkanan
1815
Buddha Wong
Namhkai (Nanke)
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1808 - 1852
Nga Dammaa
(d. 1852)
1852 -
1867
Hkun
Pe
(d. 1867)
1867 -
1874
Hkun Pan (1st
time)
(d. 1891)
1874 - 1875
Nga Meik -Administrator
1876 - 1876
Nga Po -Administrator
1876 - 27 Jun
1888
Hkun Hwaing
Jul 1888 - 13 Jan 1891 Hkun
Pan (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Jan 1891 -
19..
Hkun
Kye
(b. 1862 - d. 19..)
Namhkok (Nankok)
1744
Namhkok state
founded.
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1744 - ....
Hkun Myat I
.... - ....
Hkun Kaw
.... - ....
Hkun Hkam I
.... - ....
Hkun Mawng
.... - ....
Hkun Pok (1st time)
.... - ....
Hkun Awng Hkam
.... - ....
Hkun Pok (2nd time)
.... - ....
Hkun Hkam II
c.1897 - 1900
Hkun Hseng
1900 - c.1952
Hkun Myat II
(b. 1889 - d. 19..)
Namhkom (Nankon)
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
17.. - 1783
Maung Su Daung
(d. 1783)
1783 - ....
Maung San
.... - ....
Maung Shwe Tok
.... - 1857
Maung Tun
1857 - ....
Maung
Pyan
Namtok (Nantok)
1771
Namtok state
founded.
1821 - 1824
Karenni (Kayah) occupation.
1931
State incorporated into Loilong.
Rulers (title Ngegunhmu)
1771 -
....
Maung Shwe Tha
.... -
1816
Tha
Zan
(d. 1816)
1816 - 1821
Maung Yi (1st time)
1824 -
18..
Maung Yi (2nd time)
18.. -
18..
Hkun Taw
18.. -
18..
Hkun Pwe
18.. -
18..
Hkun Pwang
18.. -
18..
Hkun Hmam
18.. - 9 Oct
1892
Hkun
Pu
(d. 1892)
1892 - c.1931
Hkun
Maung
(b. 1866 - d. c.1931)
Nawngwawn
(Naungwun or Naungmon)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1894 - ....
Sao Htun
Ok
(b. 1882 - d. ....)
Pangmi (Pinhmi)
Rulers (title Ngegunhmu)
.... - ....
Maung Hke
.... - ....
Maung San Myat
.... - ....
Maung U
.... - 1870
Hkun Yeik
1870 - 1901
Hkun Shwe Daung
1901 - c.1952
Maung Nyun
(b. 1871 - d. 19..)
Pangtara
(Pindara)
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... - ....
Maung Ne Htun [1st ruler]
.... - ....
Maung Aung Kyu
.... - ....
Maung Myit
.... - 1783
Maung Pyi San
1783 - 1796
Maung Shwe Bwiri
1796 -
1802
Maung Than
1802 -
1809
Maung Pe I
1809 -
1819
Maung Khan U
1819 -
1843
Maung Shwe Min
1843 -
184.
Mi Thit (f)
184. -
184.
Mi Sit (f)
184. -
1850
Maung Hpo Eik
1850 -
1851
Maung Shwe Thi -Regent
1851 -
1857
Maung Myat Hpu
1857 -
1859
Maung Pe II
1859 -
1860
Maung Lun Ya (1st time)
(d. 1882?)
1860 -
1861
Maung Hpo -Regent
1862 -
1868
Maung Than (1st time) -Regent
1868 -
1869
Maung Lun Ya (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1869 -
1871
Maung Than (2nd time)
1871 - 1872
Maung Kyaw Hla -Regent
1872 - 1873
Maung Nyo -Regent
1873 - 1875
Maung Tha U
-Regent
1875 - 1876
Maung Htu -Regent
1876 - 1877
U Hlaing
-Regent
1877 -
1878
Maung Lun Ya (3rd time)
(s.a.)
1878 -
1880
Maung San Waing -Regent
1880 - 1882
Maung Lun Ya (4th time)
(s.a.)
1882 - 6 Jan
1897
Maung Hpo
Hkin
(d. 1897)
1897 - c.1952
Maung Sun
Nyo
(b. 1889 - d. 19..)
1897 - 1911
O Un -Regent
Poila (Pwehla)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1751 - ....
Baiknaya Bo [1st ruler]
.... - ....
Maung Ywe
.... - ....
Maung U
.... - ....
Maung Wun
.... - 1839
Maung Kaung
1839 - 1855
Maung Kyok
1855 - 1863
Maung Law Ma
1863 - 1875
Maung Po Thein
1875 - 1886
Maung Ywe
1876 - ....
Maung Sao
Nyun
(b. 1858 - d. ....)
Sakoi (Sagwe)
Rulers (title Myoza)
.... -
1877
Hkun ....
1877 -
....
Hkun
Htun
(b. 1848 - d. ....)
Samka (Saga)
1636
Samka state founded.
1872 -
1873
Occupied by Hsenwi.
Rulers (title Myoza)
1636 - ....
Kun Lu
.... - ...
Kun Saing
.... - ...
Naw Maing
.... - ...
Ne Dun
c.1774
Kun Pyu
.... -
1838
Hkun Ye
(d. 1838)
1838 -
1858
Hkun Sun (1st time)
1858 -
1860
Hkun Noi (1st time)
1860 -
1872
Hkun Sun (2nd time)
1873 -
1876
Sao Sein Bu (1st
time)
(b. 1856 - d. 1915)
1876 -
1883
Hkun Noi (2nd time)
1883 -
1885
Hkun Pwin
Dec 1885 - 1897
Sao Sein Bu (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Rulers (title Saohpa)
1897 -
1915
Sao Sein Bu
(s.a.)
1915 - 1946
Hkun Kyi
Singaling
Hkamti (Zingalein Kamti)
1820
Singaling Hkamti state founded.
Rulers (title Myoza)
1820 -
1844
Sao Nyi Kaung
1844 -
1853
Sao Ai
1853 -
1882
Sao Hi
1882 - 1887
Vacant
1887 -
1892
Sao Ni Taung
(b. 1861 - d. 1892)
1892 - 1893
Sao E -Regent (1st time)
(d. 1927)
1892 -
1894
Sao Hon (Po Hlaung)
(b. 1887 - d. 1894)
1894 -
1898
Ma Pu (f)
(d. c.1898)
1894 - 1898
Sao E -Regent (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1898 -
1927
Sao E
(s.a.)
1927 -
1952
Maung Ba Thein
Tawnpeng
(Taungbaing)
1753
Tawnpeng state founded (ritual name: Pappatasara).
Rulers (title Saohpa)
1753 - 1760
Ta Dwe Ba
(b.
1681 - d. 1760)
1760 -
1764
Ba Hkun Mya
(b.
1690 - d. 1764)
1764 -
1775
Ba Hkun Saing
(b.
1700 - d. 1775)
1775 -
1781
Ba Dwe Taw
(b.
1701 - d. 1781)
1781 - 1810
Ba Loi Lio
(b.
1745 - d. 1810)
1810 -
1819
Ba Hkun Kein Möng
(d. 1819)
1819 -
1837
Ba Hkun Hso
(b. 1748 -
d. 1837)
1837 -
1846
Ba Hkun Tan Möng
(b. 1770 - d. 1846)
1847 - 4 Sep
1856
Shwe Ok Hka (Shwe Taung Kyaw)
1856 -
1865
Hkun Hsa (Ba Hkam Hkun Shinye) (b.
1774 - d. 1865)
1865 - 1879
Hkun Hkan Hkun (Ba Hon Möng)
(b. 1815 - d. 1879)
1879 -
1887
Hkun Hkam Möng
(b. 1821 - d.
....)
1888 -
1897
Hkam Tan Möng (Hkun Kyan)
(d. 1897)
1897 -
1926
Hkun Hsan
Gawn
(b. 1871 - d. 1926)
Aug 1926 -
1952
Hkun Pan Sing
(b. 1894 - d. 19..)
Wanmaw (Bhamo)
1470
Wanmaw state founded.
1669 -
1685
Occupied by Burma.
1767 -
1770
Occupied by Burma.
1772
Incorporated into Burma.
Rulers (title Saohpa)
1685 - 1706
Sao Pi Hpa
1706 - 1719
Sao Tun Hpa
1719 - 1720
Hpo U
1720 - 1727
Sao Mong Hpa
1727 - 1734
Sao Tung Ngai I
(d.
1734)
1734 - 1735
Vacant
1735 - 1742
KitHaw
1742 - 1770
Sao Tung Ngai II
1770 - c.1772
Sao Myut Aung
(b.
1690 - d. c.1772)
Wanyin (Banyin)
1862 - 1865
Incorporated into Nawngwawn.
Ruler
1825 - 1862
....
1865 -
1874
Hkun Sao
(d. 1893)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1874 -
1893
Hkun Sao
(s.a.)
1893 - Jul
1897
Hkun Long
(d. 1897)
1897 - 1959?
Hkun Han
(b. 1887 - d. 19..)
1897 - 1905
Hkun Yon -Regent
Wuntho
bf.1200
Wuntho state founded.
7 Feb
1891
State incorporated into Möngpai.
Rulers (title Saohpa)
1698 - 1703
Maung Sun
1703 - 1714
Kyaung Pyn
1714 - 1736
Myat Kaung
1736 - 1753
Vacant
1751 - 1756
Talaings
1756 - 1778
Aung Nyo
1778 - 1796
Maung Tin
(d. 1796)
1796 - 1798
Maung Taw Zan
(d. 1798)
1798 -
1827
Maung Tha Ywe
(administrator to 1802)
1827 -
1830
Maung Shwe
1830 -
1833
Maung Pe Nge
1833 - 1849
Shwe Thi
1849 -
1851
San Tit
1852 -
1878
Mama Shwe Tha
(d. af.1891)
(from 1866, Mahawuntho Thohonbwa)
1878 - 7 Feb
1891
Maung Aung Myat
(b. 1857 - d.
af.1909)
Yawnghwe
(Nyaungywe)
1359
Yawnghwe state founded (ritual name: Kambosarattha).
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsarahta
Thiri Pawaramahawuntha Thudamaraza)
1695 - 1733
Hkam Leng
1733 - 1737
Htawk Sha Sa
1737 - 1746
Hsi Ton Sa
1746 - 1758
Hke Hsa Wa
1758
Naw Mong
1758 - 1761
Yawt Hkam
1761 - 1762
Hpong Hpa Ka-sa
1762 -
1815
Sao Yun
1815 -
1852
Sao U
1852 -
1858
Sao Se Hom
(d. 1858)
1858 -
1864
Sao Naw Hpa
23 Oct 1864 - 1885
Sao Maung
(1st
time)
(b. 1847 - d. 1927)
1886 -
1897
Sao Ohn
1897 - 1927
Sao Maung (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(from 19.., Sir Sao Maung)
Sep 1927 -
1952
Sao Shwe
Thaike
(b. 1896 - d. 1962)
Yengan (Ywangan)
Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1886 - ....
Maung Thu
Daw
(b. 1878 - d. ....)
Karenni (Kayah)
states
Bawlake
Rulers
1810?
Po Bya
1850?
La Kye
1872 - 23 Jan
1892
Paban
(b. 1857 - d. 1916)
Rulers (title Myoza)
23 Jan 1892 -
1916
Paban
(s.a.)
1916 -
1948
Hkun
Nge
(b. 1894 - d. .....)
Kantarawadi
Rulers
1837?
Maung Pon (Pe Baw)
1845?
Papaw Kyi
1850?
Sao Lasa
18.. -
1866
Sao Pyatin
1866 -
1868
Sao Law
Paw
(d. 1891)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1868 -
1889
Sao Law
Paw
(s.a.)
28 Jan 1889 -
1901
Sao
Lawi
(b. 1852 - d. 1930)
Rulers (title Sawbwa)
1901 -
1930
Sao
Lawi
(s.a.)
1930 -
1948
Vacant
Kyebogyi
Ruler
1890 - 23 Jan
1892
Hkun
U
(b. 1857 - d. 1933)
Rulers (title Myoza)
23 Jan 1892 -
1933
Hkun
U
(s.a.)
1933 -
1948
Vacant
Nammekon
Rulers
.... - 23 Jan
1892
....
Rulers (title Myoza)
23 Jan 1892 - 1899
....
1899 - 19..
Hkun
Baw
(b. 1870 - d. 19..)
Naungpale
Rulers
.... - 23 Jan
1892
....
Rulers (title Myoza)
23 Jan 1892 - 1897
....
1897 - 19..
Hkun
Che
(b. 1857 - d. 19..)
© Ben Cahoon
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