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Shan and Karenni States of Burma


Note: "Burma" before 1948 consisted of the British colonial territory (covering the extinct kingdoms of "Burma," Talaing (Pegu), and Arakan, as well as some minor lands), together with two groups of states, whose status was similar to that of the Indian states: the Shan states and the Karen states. "Shan" is a Burmese word, cognate with "Siam"; the Shan states are
ethnically Tai, closely related to the majority population of Thailand; for a time they formed the "Shan State" in independent Burma. The Karenni states formed for a time the "Kayah State" in independent Burma (Map of Shan States c.1910).

Shan (Tai) states

Note: In the interest of comprehensiveness, a number of states are listed for which no record of rulers is available. The ruler of a major Shan (Tai) state is styled saohpa (Burmese: sawbwa); in minor states the ruler may be styled myoza or ngwegunhmu. Burmese names of the
states are given in parentheses.

1887                       British protectorate over the Shan states.
 1 Oct 1922                Federated Shan States formed by U.K.
                             (34 northern and southern Shan states; not 
                             including the Wa states).
10 Oct 1922                Karenni (Kayah) states placed under the administration of the
                             Shan states.
 1 Apr 1937                By the Burma Act, the Shan State is administratively 
                             separated from Burma proper and put under a second
                             administrative circle.
25 Nov 1942 - 25 Sep 1943  Japanese occupation (de facto to 3 May 1945).
Dec 1942 - 1945            Thailand occupies parts of Shan States
(Kengtung [Kyaington]
                             and Möngpan) which are annexed by Thailand 1 Aug 1943.
25 Sep 1943 -  3 May 1945  Part of Republic of Burma.
 4 Jan 1948                Part of independent Union of Burma.

British Superintendents for Northern Shan States (at Lashio)
1888 - 1891                Hugh Daly                          (b. 1860 - d. 19..)
1891 - 1893                James George Scott
c.1896                     Elliot
c.1900 - 1905?             G.C.B. Stirling
1905? - 1920?              H.A. Thornton
1920 - 192.                Edward Butterfield                 (b. 1880 - d. 19..)

British Superintendents for Southern Shan States (at Taunggyi)
1887 - 1902?               Arthur Heddings Hildebrand
1902 - 1910                James George Scott
1910 - 1914?               ....
1914? - 1919?              G.C.B. Stirling
1919? - 1922               ....
British Resident Commissioners for the Federated Shan States

and Chairmen of the Shan Federated States Council
1922 - c.1928              MacCallum
c.1929                     Godfrey E. Harvey
1931 - Dec 1935            John Clague
193. - 10 Sep 1937         F.S. Grose
11 Sep 1937 - 25 May 1938
 Philip Christopher Fogarty
                             (1st time)

26 May 1938 -  9 Jun 1938  Craw (acting)
 9 Jun 1938 - 1942         Philip Christopher Fogarty
                             (2nd time)

Japanese High Commissioners for the Shan States
25 Nov 1942 -  6 Feb 1943  Nakada Saichiro
 7 Feb 1943 - 30 Jun 1943  Tanifuji Nagahide 
 1 Jul 1943 - 23 Dec 1943  Takuma Nishimura                   (b. 1889 - d. 1951)
Thai Military governor in Kengtung (Kyaington) and Möngpan
Dec 1942 - 1945            Phin Choonhavan                    (b. 1891 - d. 1973) 
British Residents in Northern Shan States
1945 - 1948                ....
British Residents in Southern Shan States
1945 - 1948                .... 
Directors of Frontier Areas Administration (in Rangoon)
1945 - 1946                H.N.C. Stevenson
1946 - 1948                John L. Leyden                     (b. 1904) 

Permanent Executives of the Shan Federated States Council
1935 - 1942                ....
1945 - 1948                ....


Hopong (Hopon)

Rulers (title Myoza)
.... - 1900                Hkun Wara                          (b. .... - d. 1900)
1900 - 1952                Hkun Law                           (b. 1896 - d. ....)



Hsahtung (Thaton)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1896 - 19..                Hkun Law                           (b. 1874 - d. 19..)
19.. - 1946                Khin Kyi                           (b. .... - d. 1946)



Hsamönghkam (Thamaingkan)

bf.1700                    Hsamönghkam state founded.

Rulers (title Myoza)
1807 - 18..                Maung Shwe Pon
1825 - 1834                Maung Shwe E (1st time)
1834 - 18..                Maung Me (1st time)
18.. - 1847                Maung Shwe E (2nd time)
1847 - 1848                Maung Me (2nd time)
 6 Nov 1848 - 1867         Maung Shwe Min (1st time)
1867                       Maung Lin (1st time)
1867 - 18..                Maung Tha U
18.. - 1876                Maung Kyi
1876 - 18..                Maung Lin (2nd time)
18.. - 1885                Maung Su Ka
1885 - 1886                Maung Shwe Min (2nd time)
1886 - 19..                Maung Hpo                          (b. 1854 - d. 19..)



Hsawnghsup (Thaungdut)

Rulers (title Saohpa)
.... -  ....               Sao Aung Ba
1858? - 22 Oct 1880        Sao Shwe Maung
1880 - 1893                Sao Kan Mun



Hsenwi (Theinni)

bf.650                     Legendary foundation of Hsenwi (ritual name: Sivirattha).
Mar 1888                   State split into North Hsenwi and South Hsenwi.

Rulers (title Saohpa)
1778 - 1800                Sao Hswe Cheng (Kon)
1800 - 1815                Sao Hsö Kaw
1815 - 1819                Mogaung Wun -Regent
1819 - 1821                Sao Naw Möng
1821 - 1824                Hkun Hkam Hkawt
1824 - 1827                Sao Hkam Pak
1827 - 1831                Sao Hkam Nan
1831 - 1838                Sao Hkun Maung Lek
1838 - 1845                Sao Hkam Leng (Hsö Hkan Hpa)
1845 - 1848                Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (1st time)
1848 - 1853                Vacant
1853 - 1855                Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (2nd time)
1855 - 1858                Vacant
1858 - 1860                Sao Hpa Mawng Hpa (1st time)
1860 - 1863                Vacant
1863 - 1864                Sao Hpa Mawng Hpa (2nd time)
1864 - 1866                Shwe Pyi Bo
1866 - 1867                U Ma Nga
1867 - 1869                Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (3rd time)
1869 - 1873                Vacant
1873 - 1874                Win Hmu
1874 - 1875                Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (4th time)
1875 - 1876                Natsu Letya
1876 - 1879                Sao Hseng Naw Hpa (5th time)
1879 - Mar 1888            Hkun Hsang Tone Hung              (b. 1856 - d. 1935)


North Hsenwi

Rulers (title Saohpa)
Mar 1888 - 1915            Hkun Hsang Tone Hung               (s.a.)
Jul 1927 - 1952            Sao Hom Hpa                        (b. 1906)


South Hsenwi

Rulers (title Saohpa)
Mar 1888 - 1913            Sao Naw Möng                       (b. 1855 - d. 1913)
1913 - 1946                Sao Song
1946 - 1959                Sao Hsu Hom



Hsihkip (Thigyit)

c.1600                     Hsihkip state founded.
1886                       State incorporated into Yawnghwe.

Rulers (title Myoza)
1800?                      Hkun Chok
18.. - 18..                Hkun Hpe
18.. - 18..                Hkun Daw
18.. - 18..                Maung Paw
18.. - 18..                Maung Paik
18.. - 18..                Hkun Hmom
18.. - 18..                Hkam Lin -Regent
184. - 184.                Hkun Nyun
184. - 1848                Twet Kye -Regent
1848 - 1851                Hkun Ywe
1851 - 1862                Hkun Ton
1863 - 1870                Son Hkun Hpon
1870 - 1886                Maung Hnya



Hsipaw (Thibaw)

58 BC                      Legendary foundation of Hsipaw (ritual name: Dutavadi).
1887                       British protectorate.
1938 - 1947                Administered by Burma.

Rulers (title Saohpa)
.... - ....                Sao Myat San Te
1788 - 1809                Sao Hswe Kya
1809 - 1843                Sao Hkun Hkwi
1843 - 1853                Sao Hkun Paw
1853 - 1866                Sao Kya Htun                       (d. 1866)
1866 -  8 May 1902         Sao Kya Hkeng
                             (from Mar 1886, Sao Hkun Hseng)
1902 - May 1928            Sir Sao Hke                        (b. 1872 - d. 1928)
1928 - Jul 1938            I Sao Ohn Kya                      (d. 1938)
1938 - 1947                administered by Burma
1947 - 1962                Sao Kya Seng                       (b. 1924 - d. 1962)



Kehsi Mangam (Kyithi Bansan)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1860 - 1881                Hkun Yawt
1881 - ....                Hkun Yawt Hseng                    (b. 1844 - d. ....)



Kengcheng (Kyaingchaing)

1896                       State incorporated into Kengtung.

Ruler (title Ngwegunhmu)
1813 - 18..                Hpaya Möng Hkon
1882 - 1900?               Hkun Hsang                         (b. 1862 - d. 19..)



Kenghkam (Kyaingkan)

1811                       Kenghkam state founded.
1870 - 1874                State incorporated into Möngnai.
1878 - 1882                State incorporated into Möngnai.

Rulers (title Myoza)
1811 - 1854                Bodaw Sao Hkam Yi
1855 - 1864                Sao Hkun Mwe
1864 - 1870                Naw Hkam Leng
1870 - 1874                incorporated into Möngnai
1874 - 1878                Sao Hkun Long
1878 - 1882                incorporated into Möngnai
1882 - 188.                Sao Naw Süng
188. - 19..                Hkun Un



Kenglön (Kyainglon)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1857 - 1873                Maung Pwin
1873 - 1874                Naw Hkam U
1874 - 1888                Hkun Tawn
1888 - 19..                Hkun Mawng                         (b. 1844 - d. 19..)



Kengtawng

Rulers
.... - ....                ....



Kengtung (Kyaington)

Legendary antiquity        Kengtung state (ritual name: Khemarattha) founded.
1802 - 18..                Occupied by Chhiangmay (now in Thailand).
18.. - 1813                Occupied by Burma.
 1 Aug 1943 - 1945         Annexed to Thailand.
1958                       Incorporated into Thailand.

Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Khemadhipati Rajadhiraja)
1787 - 1802                Sao Möng Hsam
1813 - 1857                Sao Maha Hkanan
1857 - 1876                Sao Maha Pawn
1876 - 1880                Sao Hseng
1880 - 1886                Sao Kawng Tai                      (d. 1886)
1886 - 1895                Sao Kawn Kham Hpu
1895 - 1935                Sao Kawn Kyaw Intaleng
1945 - 1962                Sao Sailong Mangrai                (b. 1927 - d. 1997)



Kokang

1739                      Kho Kan Shan state established in area with capital at Kya Tzi Shu
                           (Satishu). The area became a district within the state 
                            of Hsenwi (from 1888 North Hsenwi), but remained, in effect, an 
                            autonomous sub-state under the Chinese Yang dynasty.
1795                      Name of territory changed to territory to Kokang.
1840                      Accepted the sovereignty of Hsenwi.
1885                      Entered into relations with the British after the annexation
                            of Upper Burma.
 4 Feb 1897               Under British protection after China relinquishes jurisdiction.
12 Aug 1947               State of Kokang recognized as a separate Shan state.
1959                      The Saopha abdicates in favor of the people of Kokang.

Rulers 
1739 - 1758               Yang Shien Tsai (Cai)               (b. 1685 - d. 1858)
1758 - 1795               Yang Wei Shin (Xing)                (d. 1795)
Rulers (title Heng)
1795 - 1840               Yang Yon Gen,                       (b. 1770 - d. 1840)
1840 - 1874               Yang Guo Hwa                        (b. 1814 - d. 1874)
1874 - 1916               Yang Guo Zhen (Hkun Lu Kwan)        (b. 1840 - d. 1919)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1916 - 17 Jan 1927        Yang Chun Yon                       (b. 1878 - d. 1927)
                            (Yang Shwin Yong Tzu Ye)
1927 - 1943                Sao Yang Wen Pin (1st time)        (b. 1897 - d. 1949)
                            (deposed by the Kuomintang 1943;
                             in exile 1944 - Oct 1945)
Oct 1945 - 25 Aug 1947     Sao Yang Wen Pin (2nd time)        (s.a.)
Rulers (title of Saopha)
25 Aug 1947 - 1949         Sao Yang Wen Pin                   (s.a.)
1949 - 1959                Sao Edward Yang Kyein Tsai         (b. 1918 - d. 1971)



Kyawkku Hsiwan (Kyaukku)

c.1600                     Kyawkku Hsiwan state founded.

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1783 - 1820                Nga Kaw Tha
1820 - 1821                Nga Thi Ri
1821 - 1843                Nga Chit Win
1844 - 1852                Nga Shwe Maung I (1st time)
1852 - 1856                Nga Shwe Yit -Regent
1856 - 1863                Nga Shwe Maung I (2nd time)
1863 - 1865                Nga Yan Kon -Regent
1865 - 1873                Nga San
1873 - 1874                Nga Shwe Maung II -Regent
1874 - 1876                Nga Tha U -Regent
1876 - 1877                Nga Tun -Regent
1877 - 1893                Maung Thaing                       (b. 1849 - d. 1893)



Kyong (Kyon)

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1867 - ....                Maung Po                           (b. 1841 - d. ....)



Laihka (Legya)

1505                       Laihka state (ritual name: Hansavadi) founded.

Rulers (title Myoza)
1734 - 1794                Khun Lek
1794 - 1803                Law Na

1803 - 1807                La Hkam
1807 - 18..                Hkun Lek
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa Rahta Mahawunths Thiri Thudamaraza)
18.. - 1854                Hkun Lek
1854 - 1856                Shwe Ok Hka (Shwe Taung Kyaw)
1856 - 1860                Hkun Long
1860 - 1862                Sao Hkam Mawng (1st time)
1862 - 1866                Hkun Hkawt
1866 - 1868                .... (f)
1868 - 1879                Sao Hkam Mawng (2nd time)
1879 - 1882                Vacant
1882 - 1928                Hkun Lai                           (b. 1858 - d. 1928)
1928 - 1952                Sao Num



Lawksawk (Yatsauk)

1630                       Lawksawk state founded (old name Rathawadi).
1881 - 1886                Occupied by Yawnghwe.

Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa Rahta Maha Thiriwuntha Thudama)
1791 - 1811                Hkun Sam Lik
May 1812 - 1813            On Gaing
1813 - 1850                Hkun Shwe Ek
1850 - Dec 1854            Vacant
Dec 1854 - 1881            Sao Waing (1st time)               (b. 1846 - d. 1896)
1886 - Jan 1887            Sao Waing (2nd time)               (s.a.)
Jan 1887 - Oct 1887        Bo Saing -Regent
 9 Oct 1887 - 1900         Hkun Nu
1900 - 1946                Sao Hkun Nsok                      (b. 1863 - d. 1943)
1946 - 1952                Sao Hkun So



Loi-ai (Lwe-e)

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... - 1814                Paw Kyi
1814 - 1834                Maung Shwe
1834 - 1864                Kaw Thaw
1864 - 1868                Maung Kaing
1868 - 1870                Vacant
1870 - ....                Hkun Shwe Kya



Loilong (Lwelong)

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... - 1854                Hkun Na                            (d. 1854)
1854 - 1856                Hkun San Da                        (d. 1856)
1856 - 1880                Hkun Pu (La Mu)                    (d. 1882)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1880 - 1882                Hkun Pu (La Mu)                    (s.a.)
1882 - ....                Hkun Hkam Chok                     (b. 1874 - d. ....)



Loimaw (Lwemaw)

c.1800                     Loimaw state founded.

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... - 1834                Maung Hpo Gok
1834 - 1844                Maung Hpo Saw
1844 - 1847                Maung Lok
1847                       Maung Shwe Daung
1847 - 1874                Maung Shwe Pyi (1st time)
1874 - 1876                Vacant
1876 - 1877                Maung Kya
12 Feb 1878 - 1880         Maung Meik
1880 - 1886                Maung Chit
1886                       Maung At
1886 - 19..                Maung Shwe Pyi (2nd time)
1902 -                     Hkun Kyaw                          (b. 1861 - d. 19..)



Manglön

1814                       Manglön state founded (ritual name: Jambularattha).

Rulers (title Saohpa)
1814 - 1822                Hsö Hkam (Ta Awng)                 (d. 1822)
1822 - 1852                Sao Hkun Sang (Khun Sing)          (d. 1852)
1852 - 1853                Uyaraza (Upayaza)                  (d. 1854)
1853 - 1860                Naw Hpa (Nawpha)                   (d. 1860)
1860 - 1881                Tön Hsang (Tun Sang)               (b. 1825 - d. 1881)
                             (from 1877, in East Manglön)
1877 - 1892                Sao Maha (in West Manglön)

1892 - 1919                Tön Hsang Hang
1919 - 1946                Saw Hka Nan                        (b. 1892 - d. 1946)
1946 - 1952                Sao Man Laik                       (b. 1922)



Maw (Baw)

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
.... -  ....               ....



Mawkmai (Maukme)

bf.1800                    Mawkmai state founded (ritual name: Lokavadi).

Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa Rahta Mahawuntha Thiriraza)
1767 - c.1800              Hsai Khaio
1800 - 1818                Hsai Kyaw

1818 - 1824                Awk Hkun
1824 - 1831                Let To
1831 - 1844                Hkam U
1844 - 1867                Ko Lan (1st time)
1867 - 1868                Hkum Hmôm I
1868 - 1887                Ko Lan (2nd time)
1887 - 1888                Hkun Hmôm II (1st time)
Mar 1888 - 1888            Hkun Noi Kyu
1888 - ....                Hkun Hmôm II (2nd time)
1899 - ....                Hkun Htun Peng                     (b. 1883 - d. ....)
1915 - 1952                Hkun Hkaing



Mawnang (Bawnin)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1774 - ....                Maung Myat (2nd time)
.... - ....                Naw Hkam Lin
.... - ....                Maung Kaung
.... - ....                Maung Pot
.... - ....                Maung Maung
.... - 1883                Hkun Hkam
1883 - 1886                Hkun Shwe Hkam -Regent
1886 - ....                Sao Hkim                           (b. 1851 - d. ....)



Mawsön (Bawzaing)

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1784 - ....                Maung Pwe
.... - ....                Maung Kyaw
.... - ....                Maung Waing
.... - ....                Maung Nyun
1878 - ....                Maung Kya Ywet                     (b. 1851 - d. ....)



Mönghsu (Maingshu) and Möngsang (Maingsin)

1857                       Mönghsu and Möngsang states, in personal union, founded.

Rulers (title Myoza)
1857 - 1876                ....
1876 - ....                Hkun Kyaw                          (b. 1845 - d. ....)



Möngkawng (Mogaung)

58 BC                      Legendary foundation of Möngkawng state
                             (ritual name: Udiri Pale).
1479 - 1483                Occupied by China.
1495 - 1495                Occupied by China.
1651 - 1742                Occupied by Burma.
1771 - 1775                Occupied by Burma.
1796                       Incorporated into Burma.

Ruler (title Saohpa)
1663 - 1673                Sui Yaw
1673 - 1729                Sui Kyek
1729 - 1739                Hum
1739 - 1748
               Haw Seing (1st time)
1748 - 1765                Haw Kam
1765 - 1768                Haw Seing (2nd time)
1768 - 1771
               Maung Kiaw
1771 - 1775                Maung Piu
1775 - 1785                Vacant
1785 - 1796                Yaw Pan Kyung



Möngküng (Maingkaing)

1835                       Möngküng state founded (ritual name: Langkavadi).

Ruler (title Myoza)
1835 - 1860                Hkun Long
1860 - 1883                ....
1883 - ....                Hkun Mong                          (b. 1873 - d. ....)



Möngleng (Mohlaing)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1840?                      Kya U
18.. - 1887                Hkam Leng



Mönglong

af.1894                    Incorporated into Hsipaw.

Rulers (title Myoza)
1813?- 1842                Hsö Han Hpa
1842 - 1854                Hsö San Hpa (Hkun Hsa)
1854 - 1866                Hsö Kawn Kyawng
1866 - 18..                Hkun Nyon
18.. - 1880                Hkun Yawt
1880 - 188.                Heng Nga Maung
188. - 1888                Hkun Saing (Hsawng)
1888 - 1894                Hkun Hsa
1894 - ....                Sao Hke



Möngmao

568                        Möngmao state founded.
af.1604                    State extinguished.



Möngmit (Momeik)

bf.1000                    Möngmit state founded (ritual name: Gandalarattha).

Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Gantalarahta Maha Thiriwuntha Raza)
1830?                      Maung Hmaing
1837?                      Maung E Pu (1st time)
1850 - 1851                Maung E Pu (2nd time)
1851 - 1858                Hkun Te
1858 - 1861                Haw Kyin
1862 - 18..                Maung Yo
18.. - 1874                Hkam Mo
1874 - 1886                Vacant
1886 - 1887                Hkam Leng
1887 - 1936                Sao Kin Maung Gye                  (b. 1884 - d. 1936)
1887 - 1892                Sao Maung -Regent                  (b. 1848 - d. 1929)
Feb 1937 - 1952            Sao Hkun Hkio                      (b. 1912 - d. 1990



Möngnai (Mone)

bf.1800                    Möngnai state founded (ritual name: Saturambha).

Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa Rahta Mahawunthiri Pawara Thudamaraza)
1850 - 1875                Hkun Nu Nom
1875 - 1914                Hkun Kyi                           (b. 1847 - d. 1914)
 6 May 1914 - 1928         Hkun Kyaw Sam
1928 - 1949                Hkun Kyaw Ho                       (b. .... - d. 1949)
1949 - 1958                Sao Pye



Möngnawng (Maingnaung)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1851 - 1866                Heng Awn
1866 - 1868                Hkun Hkang
1868 - 19..                Hkun Tun                           (b. 1858 - d. 19..)



Möngpai (Mobye)

Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa Mahawuntha Thiridamaraza)
.... - 1803                ....
1803 - 1805                Hkun Pya (2nd time)
1805 - 1808                Hkam Maung
1808 - 1820                Hkam Hlaing (1st time)
1820 - 1823                Nga Kyi -Regent
1823 - Jul 1836            Hkam Hlaing (2nd time)
1836 - Feb 1891            Hkun Yon
1891 - 1908                Hkun Hsvriya                       (b. 1853 - d. 1908)
1908 - 1952                Sao Pin Nya



Möngpan (Maingpan)

bf.1637                    Möngpan state founded (ritual name: Dhannavadi).
 1 Aug 1943 - 1945         Annexed to Thailand.

Rulers (title Myoza)
.... - 1808                Naw Hkam
1809 - 1823                Mana Ne Myo
1823 - 1858                Maung Shwe Hkam
1858 - 1867                Hkun Tun U
Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsa Mahawuntha Thirdamaraza)
1867 - 1886                Hkun Tun U
1886 - 1918                Hkun Num Leng                      (b. 1869 - d. 1918)
1918 - 1952                Hkun On



Möngpawn (Maingpun)

bf.1800                    Möngpawn state founded (ritual name: Rajjavadi).

Rulers (title Myoza)
1816 - 1860                Hkun Lek
1860 - 1880                Hkun Ti                            (b. 1847 - d. 1928)
Rulers (title Saohpa)
1880 - 1928                Hkun Ti                            (s.a.)
1928 - 19 Jul 1947         Sao Sam Htun                       (b. 1907 - d. 1947)
1947 - 1952                Sao Hso Hom



Möngping (Maingpyin)

af.1842                    Incorporated into Lawksawk.

Rulers
1835 - 1842                Hkam Hlaing
1842 - ....                Hkam Kaw



Möngsit (Maingseik)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1816 - 18..                ....
18.. - 1857                Sao Haw Pik
1857 - 18..                Hkun Kyaw San
18.. - 1873                Hkun Lu
1873 - 1876                ....
1876 - 1880                ....
1880 - 1883                Vacant
1883 - ....                Hkam Pwin                          (b. 1861 - d. ....)



Möngtung (Maington)

1886 - 1888                Occupied by Hsenwi.

Rulers (title Myoza)
.... - ....                Hkun Sang Kang
.... - ....                Hkun Kyaw Htam
.... - 1886                Hkun Hsa
1888 - 1896                Hkun Lun
1896 - 19..                Haw Yawt



Möngyang (Mohnyin)

bf.1400                    Möngyang state established.
1579 - 1584                Occupied by Burma.
af.1604                    Incorporated into Burma.



Möngyawng

17..                       Möngyawng state founded.
1814                       Incorporated into Kengtung.

Rulers (title Myoza)
17.. - ....                Inta Wasai
.... - ....                ....
.... - ....                Hsen Sulin (Surin Pumintha)
.... - ....                Hsai Ya Kuman
.... - ....                Sao Yawt



Namhkai (Nanke)

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1808 - 18..                Nga Dammaa
18.. - 1867                Hkun Pe                            (d. 1867)
1867 - 1874                Hkun Pan (1st time)                (d. 1891)
1874 - 1876                Vacant
1876 - 1888                Hkun Hwaing
1888 - 13 Jan 1891         Hkun Pan (2nd time)                (s.a.)
1891 - 19..                Hkun Kye                           (b. 1862 - d. 19..)



Namhkok (Nankok)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1900 - ....                Hkun Myat                          (b. 1889 - d. ....)



Namhkom (Nankon)

Rulers
.... - ....                ....



Namtok (Nantok)

Rulers
.... - ....                Maung Shwe Tha
.... - 1816                Tha Zan                            (d. 1816)
1816 - 18..                Maung Yi
Rulers (title Ngegunhmu)
18.. - 18..                Maung Yi
18.. - 18..                Hkun Taw
18.. - 18..                Hkun Pwe
18.. - 18..                Hkun Pwang
18.. - 18..                Hkun Hmam
18.. -  9 Oct 1892         Hkun Pu                            (d. 1892)
1892 - ....                Hkun Maung                         (b. 1866 - d. ....)



Nawngwawn (Naungwun or Naungmon)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1894 - ....                Sao Htun Ok                        (b. 1882 - d. ....)



Pangmi (Pinhmi)

Rulers (title Ngegunhmu)
1901 - ....                Maung Nyun                         (b. 1871 - d. 19..)



Pangtara (Pindara)

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1796 - 1802                Maung Than
1802 - 1809                Maung Pe I
1809 - 1819                Maung Khan U
1819 - 1843                Maung Shwe Min
1843 - 184.                Mi Thit (f)
184. - 184.                Mi Sit (f)
184. - 1850                Maung Hpo Eik
1850 - 1851                Maung Shwe Thi -Regent
1851 - 1857                Maung Myat Hpu
1857 - 1859                Maung Pe II
1859 - 1860                Maung Lun Ya (1st time)
1860 - 1861                Maung Hpo
1862 - 1868                Maung Than (1st time) -Regent
1868 - 1869                Maung Lun Ya (2nd time)
1869 - 1871                Maung Than (2nd time)
1871 - 1877                Vacant
1877 - 1878                Maung Lun Ya (3rd time)
1878 - 1880                Vacant
1880 - 188.                Maung Lun Ya (4th time)
188. - 1888                Vacant
1888 -  6 Jan 1897         Maung Hpo Hkin                     (d. 1897)
1897 - 19..                Maung Sun Nyo                      (b. 1889 - d. 19..)



Poila (Pwehla)

Rulers (title Myoza)
1876 - ....                Sao Nyun                           (b. 1858 - d. ....)



Sakoi (Sagwe)

Rulers (title Myoza)
.... - 1877                Hkun ....
1877 - ....                Hkun Htun                          (b. 1848 - d. ....)



Samka (Saga)

1636                       Samka state founded.
1872 - 1873                Occupied by Hsenwi.

Rulers (title Myoza)
.... - 1838                Hkun Ye
1838 - 1858                Hkun Sun (1st time)
1858 - 1860                Hkun Noi (1st time)
1860 - 1872                Hkun Sun (2nd time)
1873 - 1876                Sao Sein Bu (1st time)             (b. 1856 - d. 1915)
1876 - 1883                Hkun Noi (2nd time)
1883 - 1885                Hkun Pwin
Dec 1885 - 1915            Sao Sein Bu (2nd time)             (s.a.)
1915 - 1946                Hkun Kyi



Singaling Hkamti (Zingalein Kamti)

1820                       Singaling Hkamti state founded.

Rulers (title Myoza)
1820 - 1844                Sao Nyi Kaung
1844 - 1853                Sao Ai
1853 - 1882                Sao Hi
1882 - 1886                Sao ....
1887 - 1892                Sao Ni Taung
1892 - 1894                Sao Hon (Po Hlaung)
1894 - 1898                Ma Pu (f)
1898 - 1927                Sao E
1927 - 1952                Maung Ba Thein



Tawnpeng (Taungbaing)

1753                       Tawnpeng state founded (ritual name: Pappatasara).

Rulers (title Saohpa)
1753 - 1759                Ta Dwe Ba
1760 - 1764                Ba Hkun Mya
1764 - 1775                Ba Hkun Saing
1775 - 1781                Ba Dwe Taw
1781                       Ba Loi Lio
1781 - 1819                Ba Hkun Kein Möng
1819 - 1837                Ba Hkun Hso
1837 - 1846                Ba Hkun Tan Möng
1847 -  4 Sep 1856         Shwe Ok Hka (Shwe Taung Kyaw)
1856 - 1865                Hkun Hsa (Ba Hkam Hkun Shinye)
1865 - 1868                Aung Tha
1868 - 1877                Kwan Kon
1877 - 1887                Hkun Hkam Möng
1888 - 1897                Hkam Tan Möng (Hkun Kyan)
1897 - 1926                Hkun Hsan Gawn                      (b. 1871 - d. 1926)
Aug 1926 - 1952            Hkun Pan Sing                       (b. 1894 - d. ....)



Wanmaw (Bhamo)

1470                       Wanmaw state founded.
1669 - 1685                Occupied by Burma.
1767 - 1770                Occupied by Burma.
1772                       Incorporated into Burma.



Wanyin (Banyin)

Ruler
1865 - 1874                Hkun Saw
Rulers (title Myoza)
1874 - 1893                Hkun Saw
1893 - Jul 1897            Hkun Long
1897 - 19..                Hkun Han



Wuntho

bf.1200                    Wuntho state founded.
 7 Feb 1891                Incorporated into Möngpai.

Rulers (title Saohpa)
1798 - 1827                Maung Tha Ywe
1827 - 1829                Vacant
1829 - 1830                Maung Shwe
1830 - 1833                Maung Pe Nge
1833 - 18..                Shwe Thi
1849 - 1851                San Tit
1852 - 1878                Mama Shwe Tha
                             (from 1866, Mahawuntho Thohonbwa)
1878 -  7 Feb 1891         Maung Aung Myat



Yawnghwe (Nyaungywe)

1359                       Yawnghwe state founded (ritual name: Kambosarattha).

Rulers (title Saohpa; ritual style Kambawsarahta Thiri Pawaramahawuntha Thudamaraza)
1762 - 1815                Sao Yun
1815 - 1852                Sao U
1852 - 1858                Sao Se Hom
1858 - 1864                Sao Naw Hpa
23 Oct 1864 - 1886         Sao Maung (1st time)               (b. 1848 - d. 1926)
1886 - 1897                Sao On
1897 - Dec 1926            Sao Maung (2nd time)               (s.a.)
                             (from 19.., Sir Sao Maung)
Sep 1927 - 1952            Sao Shwe Thaike                    (b. 1896 - d. 1962)



Yengan (Ywangan)

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)
1886 - ....                Maung Thu Daw                      (b. 1878 - d. ....)



Karenni (Kayah) states

Bawlake

Rulers
1810?                      Po Bya
1850?                      La Kye
1872 - 23 Jan 1892         Paban                              (b. 1857 - d. 1916)
Rulers (title Myoza)
23 Jan 1892 - 1916         Paban                              (s.a.)
1916 - 1948                Hkun Nge                           (b. 1894)



Kantarawadi

Rulers
1837?                      Maung Pon (Pe Baw)
1845?                      Papaw Kyi
1850?                      Sao Lasa
18.. - 1866                Sao Pyatin
1866 - 1868                Sao Law Paw                        (d. 1891)
Rulers (title Myoza)
1868 - 1889                Sao Law Paw                        (s.a.)
28 Jan 1889 - 1901         Sao Lawi                           (b. 1852 - d. 1930)
Rulers (title Sawbwa)
1901 - 1930                Sao Lawi                           (s.a.)
1930 - 1948                Vacant



Kyebogyi

Ruler
1890 - 23 Jan 1892         Hkun U                             (b. 1857 - d. 1933)
Rulers (title Myoza)
23 Jan 1892 - 1933         Hkun U                             (s.a.)
1933 - 1948                Vacant



Nammekon

Rulers
.... - 23 Jan 1892         ....
Rulers (title Myoza)
23 Jan 1892 - 1899         ....
1899 - 19..                Hkun Baw                           (b. 1870 - d. 19..)



Naungpale

Rulers
.... - 23 Jan 1892         ....
Rulers (title Myoza)
23 Jan 1892 - 1897         ....
1897 - 19..                Hkun Che                           (b. 1857 - d. 19..)






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