Myanmar
-
-
c.1835 - 1
Jan 1886
|
-
-
1 Jan 1886 - 6 Feb 1939
|
- 6 Feb
1939 - 30 Mar 1941; 3 May 1945 - 4
Jan 1948
|
-
-
30 Mar 1941 - 1 Aug 1942
(provisional)
|
-
-
1 Aug 1942 - 1 Aug 1943
|
-
-
1 Aug 1943 - 3 May 1945
|
-
-
4 Jan 1948 - 2 Mar 1974
|
-
-
2 Mar 1974 - 21 Oct
2010
|
-
-
Adopted
21 Oct 2010
|
Map
of Myanmar (Burma) |
Hear
National Anthem
"Kaba Ma Kyei"
(Till the End of the
World)
Adopted 4 Jan
1948
|
Former National Anthem
"Dobama Asiayone"
(We Burmans)
30 Mar 1941 - 3 May 1945
|
Constitution
(29 May
2008)
---------------------------------
1974
Constitution
(3 Jan 1974 - 18 Sep 1988)
--------------------------------------------
1948
Constitution
(4 Jan 1948 - 3 Jan
1974)
|
Capital:
Naypyidaw
(administrative capital
27 Mar 2006 - 21 Oct 2010)
(Yangoon [Rangoon]
1886-21 Oct 2010; Pagan
c.846-1297; Myinsaing
1297-1309; Pinya 1309-1315/64;
Sagaing 1315-65, 1760-64;
Awa 1365-1752, 1764-1782;
Amarapura 1782-1823, 1841-57;
Mandalay 1857-1886;
Rangoon 1753-1760)
|
Currency:
Kyat (MMK);
1952-89 Burmese Kyat (BUK);
1937-52 Burmese Rupee (BUR);
1941-44 Burmese Gumpyo
Rupee (BUG); 1886-1939
Indian Rupee (INR)
|
National
Holiday: 4 Jan (1948)
Independence Day
|
Population:
55,167,330 (2013)
|
GDP: $111.1
billion (2013)
|
Exports:
$9.04 billion (2013)
Imports: $10.1
billion (2013)
|
Ethnic groups:
Burman 55.9%, Karen 9.5%, Shan 6.5%,
Rakhine 4%, Han Chinese
2.5%, Indian 2%, Mon 2.3%,
Yangbye 2.2%, Kachin
1.5%, other 13.6% (2000)
|
Total Active
Armed Forces: 406,000 (2010)
Merchant marine:
29 ships (2010)
|
Religions:
Buddhist 72.7%, Christian 8.3%,
Muslim 2.4%, Hindu 2%,
traditional beliefs 12.6%,
other 2% (2000)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: ADB,
AIIB, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BTWC, CP, CTBT,
CWC, EAS, ESCR, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM,
IPU, ISA, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA,
NAM, NPT, NTBT, OPCW, OST, SAARC
(observer), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO,
UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|
Myanmar
Index
|
Chronology
- c.846 - 1297
Kingdom of
Pagan (Bagan)(also called Pagan
Empire).
- 1297 -
1309
Myinsaing Kingdom
- 20 Oct 1309 - Sep 1364
Kingdom of Pinya
- 16 May 1315 - Apr 1364
Kingdom of Sagaing
- 26 Feb 1365
Kingdom of Awa (Ava)
- 1751 -
1752
Negrais Island a British
factory.
- 23 Mar 1752 - 3
Jan 1754 Mon (Hanthawaddy)
occupation.
- 3 Jan 1754
Independence of Kingdom of Awa
recovered.
- 22 Aug
1757 - 6 Oct 1759
Negrais Island ceded to British East
India Co.
- 1769 - 1 Jan
1886
Awa nominally a tributary of Chinese
Empire.
- 31 Dec
1784
Arakan annexed by Burma.
- 11 May
1824
British occupy Rangoon (from Nov
1824, Pegu
-
is occupied).
- 24 Feb
1826
Arakan, Tenasserim, Manipur, Assam,
and the
-
coastline annexed to British India;
Pegu
-
restored to Burma.
- 20 Dec
1852
Pegu annexed to British India.
- 31 Jan
1862
Arakan, Tenasserim, and Pegu are
united as
-
British
("Lower") Burma
(within British India).
- 1
Jan
1886
Remnant of Kingdom of Awa ("Upper
Burma")
-
annexed to British Burma (within
British India).
- 26 Feb
1886
Upper and Lower Burma united as
Burma (within
-
British India).
- 1
Apr
1937
Burma a separate British colony.
- 1
Aug 1942 - 3 May 1945
Japanese occupation (in Tenasserim
from Dec 1941)
- Dec 1942 -
1945
Thailand occupies parts of the Shan
States
-
[Kyaington and Mongpan] which are
annexed by it
-
on 1 Aug 1943.
- 1
Aug 1943 - 3 May 1945
Republic of Burma
- 4
Jan
1948
Independence (Union of Burma).
- 4
Jan
1974
Socialist Republic of the Union of
Burma.
- 23 Sep
1988
Union of Burma
- 18 Jun
1989
Union of Myanmar¹
- 21 Oct
2010
Republic of the Union of Myanmar
|
States and
Regions
(since 2011)
|
States
(1947-1974)
|
Shan
and
Karenni
states |
British Lower
Burma
(1824-1886) |
Tenasserim
(1824-1886) |
Pegu
(1740-1757,
1852-1886) |
Arakan
(1698-1886) |
Taungu
(1698-1751)
|
Exile Government
(1990-2012) |
Historical
Maps
of
Burma
|
|
Note: Burmese names are often seen
prefixed with U (i.e., U Nu, U Ne Win). This simply
means Mr. and therefore this prefix is not included in
this record.
Kings
27 Aug 1648 - 3 Jun 1661 Pintale Min
(b. 1608 - d. 1661)
3 Jun 1661 - 14 Apr 1672 Pye Min
(b. 1619 - d. 1672)
14 Apr 1672 - 27 Feb 1673 Narawara
(b. 1650 - d. 1673)
27 Feb 1673 - 4 May 1698 Minyekyawdin
(Minyekyawhtin) (b. 1651 - d. 1698)
4 May 1698 - 12 Sep 1714 Sanay
Min
(b. 1673 - d. 1714)
12 Sep 1714 - 12 Dec 1733 Taninganway
Min
(b. 1689 - d. 1733)
12 Dec 1733 - 23 Mar 1752 Maha Dhammaraza Dipati
(b. 1714 - d.
1754)
29 Feb 1752 - 11 May 1760
Alaungphaya
(b. 1714 - d. 1760)
(in opposition to 3 Jan 1754)
11 May 1760 - 28 Nov 1763
Naungdawkyi
(b. 1734 - d. 1763)
29 Nov 1763 - 10 Jun 1776
Hsinbyushin
(b. 1736 - d. 1776)
10 Jun 1776 - 5 Feb 1782 Singu
Min
(b. 1756 - d. 1782)
6 Feb 1782 - 11 Feb 1782
Maung
Maung
(b. 1763 - d. 1782)
11 Feb 1782 - 5 Jun 1819
Bodawphaya
(b. 1745 - d. 1819)
5 Jun 1819 - 15 Apr 1837
Bagyidaw
(b. 1784 - d. 1846)
15 Apr 1837 - 17 Nov 1846 Tharawadi
Min
(b. 1787 - d. 1846)
17 Nov 1846 - 18 Feb 1853 Pagan
Min
(b. 1811 - d. 1880)
18 Feb 1853 - 1 Oct 1878 Mindon
Min
(b. 1814 - d. 1878)
1 Oct 1878 - 29 Nov 1885
Thibaw
Min
(b. 1859 - d. 1916)
Chairman of the Hlutdaw
(National Council)
29 Nov 1885 - 1 Jan 1886 Edward
Bosc Sladen
(b. 1827 - d. 1890)
Chief Commissioners (of
British [Lower] Burma to 26 Feb 1886)
31 Jan 1862 - 16 Feb 1867 Arthur Purves
Phayre
(b. 1812 - d. 1885)
16 Feb 1867 - 7 Apr 1870 Albert
Fytche (1st
time)
(b. 1820 - d. 1891)
7 Apr 1870 – 26 Jun 1870
Richard Drapes
Ardagh(acting) (b. 1823 -
d. 1899)
26 Jun 1870 - 18 Apr 1871 Albert Fytche
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
18 Apr 1871 - 14 Apr 1875 Ashley
Eden
(b. 1831 - d. 1887)
14 Apr 1875 - 30 Mar 1878 Augustus Rivers
Thompson
(b. 1829 - d. 1890)
(acting to 30 Apr 1877)
30 Mar 1878 - 2 Jul 1880 Charles
Umpherton Aitchinson
(b. 1832 - d. 1896)
2 Jul 1880 - 2 Mar
1882 Charles Edward Bernard (1st time) (b.
1837 - d. 1901)
(acting to 4 Apr 1882)
2 Mar 1882 – 25 Sep 1886
Sir Charles Haukes Todd
(b. 1835 - d. 1915)
Crosthwaite (1st time)
(acting to 28 Feb 1884)
25 Sep 1886 - 12 Mar 1887 Charles Edward
Bernard (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Mar 1887 - 8 Sep 1889 Sir Charles
Haukes
Todd
(s.a.)
Crosthwaite (2nd time)
8 Sep 1889 - 8 Dec 1889 Antony
Patrick
MacDonnell
(b. 1844 - d. 1925)
(acting)
8 Dec 1889 – 10 Dec 1890 Sir Charles
Haukes
Todd
(s.a.)
Crosthwaite (3rd time)
10 Dec 1890 - 2 May 1892 Alexander
Mackenzie (1st time) (b. 1842 -
d. 1910)
2 May 1892 - 23 May 1892 Donald
Mackenzie Smeaton (1st time)(b. 1848 - d. 1910)
(acting)
23 May 1892 – 3 May 1894 Frederick
William Richard Fryer (b. 1845 - d.
1922)
(1st time)(acting)
3 May 1894 – 3 Apr 1895
Alexander Mackenzie (2nd time)
(s.a.)
3 Apr 1895 – 25 Apr 1896 Frederick
William Richard Fryer (s.a.)
(2nd time)
25 Apr 1896 – 9 Aug 1896 Donald
Mackenzie Smeaton (2nd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
9 Aug 1896 - 1 May 1897
Frederick William Richard Fryer (s.a.)
(3rd time)
Lieutenant governors
1 May 1897 - 4 Apr
1903 Frederick William Richard
Fryer (s.a.)
4 Apr 1903 - 9 May
1905 Sir Hugh Shakespear
Barnes
(b. 1853 - d. 1940)
9 May 1905 - 19 May 1910
Sir Herbert Thirkell
White
(b. 1855 - d. 1931)
19 May 1910 - 15 May 1913 Sir
Harvey Adamson (1st time) (b.
1854 - d. 1941)
15 May 1913 - 1 Nov 1913 Sir George
W. Shaw (acting) (b.
1858 - d. 1931)
1 Nov 1913 - 28 Oct 1915
Sir Harvey Adamson (2nd time)
(s.a.)
28 Oct 1915 - 22 Sep 1917 Sir Spencer
Harcourt
Butler (b.
1869 - d. 1938)
(1st time)
22 Sep 1917 - 15 Feb 1918 Walter Francis
Rice (acting) (b.
1872 - d. 1941)
15 Feb 1918 - 21 Dec 1922 Sir Reginald
Henry Craddock
(b. 1864 - d. 1937)
21 Dec 1922 - 2 Jan 1923 Sir
Spencer Harcourt
Butler (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Governors
2 Jan 1923 - 20 Dec 1927
Sir Spencer Harcourt
Butler (s.a.)
20 Dec 1927 - 20 Dec 1932 Sir Charles
Alexander
Innes (b. 1874
- d. 1959)
11 Aug 1930 - 1931
Sir Joseph
Augustus Maung Gyi (b. 1872 -
d. 1955)
(acting for Innes)
22 Dec 1930 - 2 Aug 1931 Saya San (Ya
Gyaw)
(b. 1876 - d. 1931)
(self-proclaimed 'king'; in rebellion)
20 Dec 1932 - 8 May 1936 Sir Hugh
Landsdowne Stephenson (b. 1871 -
d. 1941)
8 May 1936 - 6 May
1941 Sir Archibald Douglas
Cochrane (b. 1885 - d. 1958)
6 May 1941 - 31 Aug 1946
Sir Reginald Hugh Dorman-Smith
(b. 1899 - d. 1977)
(in Simla, India exile
15
May 1942 - 16 Oct 1945)
Japanese Military Commanders
20 Apr 1942 - 18 Mar 1943 Iida
Shōjirō
(b. 1888 - d. 1980) Mil
18 Mar 1943 - 30 Aug 1944 Masakazu
Kawabe
(b. 1886 - d. 1965) Mil
30 Aug 1944 - 15 Aug 1945 Heitarō
Kimura
(b. 1888 - d. 1948) Mil
Head of the Burmese Administration
1 Aug 1942 - 1 Aug
1943 Ba
Maw
(b. 1893 - d. 1977) FB
Supreme Chief of State (title Naingngandaw
Adipadi)
1 Aug 1943 - 3 May
1945 Ba
Maw
(s.a.)
FB:1944 MB
Director of the British Military
Administration
1 Jan 1944 - 16 Oct 1945
Lord Louis Francis Mountbatten (b.
1900 - d. 1979) Mil
Chief Civil Affairs Officers, Burma
Jan 1944 - Apr 1945 Charles
Frederick Byrde Pearce (b. 1892
- d. 1946)
Apr 1945 - Feb 1946
Hubert Elvin Rance
(b. 1898 -
d. 1974)
Governor
31 Aug 1946 - 4 Jan 1948 Sir Hubert Elvin
Rance
(s.a.)
Presidents
4 Jan 1948 - 16 Mar 1952
Saw Shwe
Thaik
(b. 1896 - d. 1962) AFPFL
16 Mar 1952 - 13 Mar 1957 Ba
U
(b. 1887 - d. 1963) AFPFL
13 Mar 1957 - 2 Mar 1962 Win
Maung
(b. 1916 - d. 1989) AFPFL
2 Mar 1962 - 9 Nov
1981 Ne Win (Shu
Maung)
(b. 1911 - d. 2002) Mil;
(chairman Revolutionary Council to 2 Mar
1974) 1972
PSPB
9 Nov 1981 - 25 Jul 1988
San
Yu
(b. 1918 - d. 1996) PSPB
25 Jul 1988 - 12 Aug 1988 Sein
Lwin
(b. 1924 - d. 2004) PSBP
12 Aug 1988 - 19 Aug 1988 Aye Ko
(acting)
(b. 1921 - d. 2006) PSBP
19 Aug 1988 - 18 Sep 1988 Maung
Maung
(b. 1925 - d. 1994) PSBP
Chairmen of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council (SLORC)
18 Sep 1988 - 23 Apr 1992 Saw
Maung
(b. 1928 - d. 1997) Mil
23 Apr 1992 - 15 Nov 1997 Than
Shwe
(b.
1933)
Mil
Chairman of the State Peace and Development
Council
15 Nov 1997 - 30 Mar 2011 Than
Shwe
(s.a.)
Mil;2010 USDP
Presidents
30 Mar 2011 - 30 Mar 2016 Thein
Sein
(b. 1945) USDP
30 Mar 2016 - 21 Mar 2018
Htin
Kyaw
(b. 1946) NLD
21 Mar 2018 - 30 Mar 2018 Myint Swe
(acting)
(b. 1951)
USDP
30 Mar 2018 -
Win Myint
(b. 1951)
NLD
Deputy Chairmen of the Executive Council
1 Apr 1937 - 20 Feb 1939
Ba Maw (1st
time)
(s.a.)
PMP
20 Feb 1939 - 9 Sep 1940 Maung
Pu
(b. 1881 - d. 1942) UP
9 Sep 1940 - 19 Jan 1942
Saw
(b. 1900 - d. 1948) PP
19 Jan 1942 - 8 Mar 1942 Sir Paw
Tun
(b. 1883 - d. 1953) PP
(in exile at Simla, India May
1942-1945)
Mar 1942 - May
1942 Tun Oke
(b. 1907
- d. 19..) FB
(chief administrator of the Central Government)
3 Jun 1942 - 3 May
1945 Ba Maw (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
FB:1944 MB
3 May 1945 - 28 Sep 1946 Vacant
28 Sep 1946 - 19 Jul 1947 Aung
San
(b. 1915 - d. 1947) AFPFL
24 Jul 1947 - 4 Jan 1948
Nu
(b. 1907 - d. 1995) AFPFL
Prime ministers
4 Jan 1948 - 12 Jun 1956
Nu (1st
time)
(s.a.)
AFPFL
12 Jun 1956 - 1 Mar 1957 Ba
Swe
(b. 1915 - d. 1987) AFPFL
1 Mar 1957 - 29 Oct 1958
Nu (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
AFPFL
29 Oct 1958 - 4 Apr 1960 Ne Win
(1st
time)
(s.a.)
Mil
4 Apr 1960 - 2 Mar
1962 Nu (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
UnP
2 Mar 1962 - 4 Mar
1974 Ne Win (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mil/PSBP
4 Mar 1974 - 29 Mar 1977
Sein
Win
(b. 1919 - d. 1993) Mil/PSPB
29 Mar 1977 - 26 Jul 1988 Maung Maung
Kha
(b. 1920 - d. 1995) Mil/PSPB
26 Jul 1988 - 18 Sep 1988 Tun
Tin
(b.
1930)
Mil/PSBP
21 Sep 1988 - 23 Apr 1992 Saw
Maung
(s.a.)
Mil
24 Apr 1992 - 25 Aug 2003 Than
Shwe
(s.a.)
Mil
25 Aug 2003 - 19 Oct 2004 Khin
Nyunt
(b.
1939)
Mil
19 Oct 2004 - 12 Oct 2007 Soe
Win
(b. 1949 - d. 2007) Mil
18 May 2007 - 30 Mar 2011 Thein Sein
(s.a.)
Mil;2010
USDP
(acting to 24 Oct 2007 [for Soe
Win to 12 Oct 2007])
State Counselor
6 Apr 2016
-
Aung San Suu Kyi (f)
(b. 1945) NLD
British Residents (at Ava; from
1862, Mandalay)
Oct 1796 - May 1798
Hiram Cox
(b. 1760 - d. 1799)
1829 - 1838
Henry Burney
(b. 1792 - d. 1845)
1838? - 1840
William C. Macleod
(b.
1805 - d. 1880)
1840 - 1862
Vacant
1862 - 1864
Clement Williams
(b. 1834 - d. 1879)
1864 - 1869
Edward Bosc Sladen
(s.a.)
1869 - 1872
Alexander Ruxton McMahon
(b. 1830 - d. 1899)
1872 - 1875
George Augustus Strover
(b. 1839 - d. 1904)
1875 - 1878
Harvey Tuckett Duncan
(b. 1826
- d. 1900)
1878 - 15 Jun 1879
Robert Barkley Shaw
(b. 1839 - d. 1879)
15 Jun 1879 - 29 Aug 1879 Horace
Albert Browne (acting) (b. 1831 - d.
1914)
29 Aug 1879 - 6 Oct 1879 Henry Lewis
(Browne) St. Barbe (d. 1886)
(charge d'affaires)
6 Oct 1879 - 1 Jan 1886 Vacant
British Assistant
Political Agents (in Bhamo)
1869 - 1872
George Augustus Strover
(s.a.)
1872 - 1873
Horace Ralph Spearman
(b. 1840 - d. 1908)
1873 - May 1877
Crawford Boyd Cooke
(b. 1855 - d. 1925)
(acting to Feb 1874)
1877 - 1878
Thomas Thornville Cooper
(b. 1839 - d. 1878)
1878 - 1879
Henry
Lewis (Browne) St. Barbe (s.a.)
Japanese Superintendents
15 Mar 1942 - 24 Jul 1942 Yoshio
Nasu
(b. 1897 -
d. 19..)
25 Jul 1942 - 30 Nov 1942 Isayama Haruki
(b. 1894 - d. 1990)
1 Dec 1942 - 1 Aug
1943 Naka Eitarō
(b.
1893 - d. 1969)
Supreme Adviser (Japanese
Proconsul)
1942 - 1 Apr 1945
Gōtarō
Ogawa
(b. 1876 - d. 1945)
National Coalition Government of
the Union of Burma in Exile
Chairman of the National Coalition Government of
the Union of Burma (Prime minister)
18 Dec 1990 - 14 Sep 2012 Sein
Win
(b.
1944)
PND
(in Manerplaw, Burma to 27 Jan 1995; then
Sweden,
and finally Maryland, U.S. exile)
¹Not strictly a name change, just a
new version to be used internationally of the same
Burmese name (Pyeidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw)
that before 1989 was translated as Union of Burma.
Territorial Disputes: Over half of Burma's
population consists of diverse ethnic groups who have
substantial numbers of kin in neighboring countries; the
Naf River on the border with Bangladesh serves as a
smuggling and illegal transit route; Bangladesh
struggles to accommodate 29,000 Rohingya, Burmese Muslim
minority from Arakan State, living as refugees in Cox's
Bazar; Burmese border authorities are constructing a 200
km (124 mi) wire fence designed to deter illegal
cross-border transit and tensions from the military
build-up along border with Bangladesh in 2010;
Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with
Burma to the International Tribunal on the Law of the
Sea which was decided in favor of Bangladesh on 14 Mar
2012; Burmese forces attempting to dig in to the largely
autonomous Shan State to rout local militias tied to the
drug trade, prompts local residents to periodically flee
into neighboring Yunnan Province in China; fencing along
the India-Burma international border at Manipur's Moreh
town is in progress to check illegal drug trafficking
and movement of militants; 140,000 mostly Karen refugees
fleeing civil strife, political upheaval and economic
stagnation in Burma live in remote camps in Thailand
near the border.
Party abbreviations: NLD = National
League for Democracy (democratic-socialist, center-left,
originally won 27 May 1990 election, banned
6 May 2010 - 13 Dec 2011,
est.27 Sep 1988); USDP
= Union Solidarity and Development Party
(military-backed state party 2011-2016, est.Jun
2010); Mil =
Military;
- Former parties: AFPFL =
Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (leftist,
nationalist, pro-independence, 1944-1962); FB =
Burma Freedom Bloc (Bama Htwet Yat Gaing, later renamed
Dobama-Sinyetha Asiayone [We
Burma-Poor Man's Association], Oct
1939-1944, renamed MB); MB = Maha Bama (Greater Burma, Burmese
nationalist, 1944-1946); PMP
= Poor Man's Party ("Hsinyeitha," 1935-Oct
1939, merged with Dobama
Asiayon and All Burma Students Union into FB);
PP = Patriot's Party ("Myochit,"
1938-47); PND = Party of National
Democracy (sister party of NLD, 1988-20 Dec 1990,
banned); PSPB = Party of the Socialist
Program of Burma ("Lanzin", socialist, 1962-88,
only legal party 23 Mar 1964 - 18 Sep 1988);
UnP = Union Party ("Pyidaungsu," split form AFPFL,
1960-62); UP = United Party
(pro-constitution, 1936-1942)
Taungu
1298
Kingdom of Pinya
1364
Incorporated into Awa (Burma).
19 Dec
1599
Kingdom of Taungu (Toungoo).
15 Apr 1752
Re-incorporated into Awa.
Kings
4 May 1698 - 12 Sep 1714 Sanay
(b. 1673 - d. 1714)
(Thiri Maha Thihathura Thudhammayaza)
12 Sep 1714 - 23 Nov 1733 Taninganway
(b. 1689 - d. 1733)
(Thiri Pawara Mahadhammaraja Dibati Hsengphyusheng)
23 Nov 1733 - 15 Apr 1752 Mahadammayaza Dipati
(b. 1714
- d. 1754)
(Mahadhammaraja Dibati)
British (Lower) Burma
11 May
1824
British occupy Rangoon (from Nov 1824 Pegu occupied).
24 Feb
1826
British annex Arakan, Tenasserim, Manipur, Assam and
the
coast to British India. Pegu is restored to Burma.
20 Dec
1852
British annex Pegu.
31 Jan
1862
Arakan, Pegu and Tenasserim united as part of British
(Lower)
Burma, within British India.
26 Feb
1886
Upper and Lower Burma united.
1 Apr
1937
Burma a separate British colony.
4 Jan
1948
Part of independent Burma.
Tenasserim
Military commander
11 May 1824 -
1826 Sir
Archibald
Campbell
(b. 1769 - d. 1843)
Commissioners
1826 -
1828
Sir Archibald
Campbell
(s.a.)
1828 -
1833
Anthony de la Combe
Maingy
(b. 1795 - d. 1865)
1833 -
1843
Edmund Augustus Blundell
(b. 1804 - d. 1868)
1843 -
1844
George
Broadfoot
(b. 1807 - d. 1845)
1844 -
1846
Henry Marion
Durand
(b. 1812 - d. 1871)
1846 -
1849
John Russell
Colvin
(b. 1807 - d. 1857)
1849 - 1857
Archibald Bogle
(b. 1805 - d.
1876)
(from 9
Dec 1853, Sir Archibald Bogle)
Apr 1857 - Mar 1867
Albert
Fytche
(b. 1820 - d. 1891)
1858 - 1860
Henry Hopkinson (acting for
Fytche)(b. 1820 - d. 1899)
1867 - 1872
David Brown
(b. 1823 - d. 1911)
1872 - 1876
Edward Bosc Sladen
(b.
1827 - d. 1890)
1876 - 1878
Richard Drapes Ardagh
(b. 1823
- d. 1899)
1879 - Oct 1883
Alexander Gordon Duff
(b. 1828 - d.
1904)
Oct 1883 - 1886
William Charles Plant
(b. 1836 - d. 1898)
Pegu
to 1757
825
(Mon) Kingdom of Talaing (Pegu) comprises part of
present-day southeastern Burma and west-central
Thailand.
1044 -
1287
Under rule of Kingdom of Pagan.
1539 -
1580
Burmese occupation.
Jan
1551
Burmese occupation; part of Kingdom of Awa.
1740
Kingdom of Pegu briefly recovers independence during
the collapse of Awa.
2 May
1757
Re-incorporation into Awa.
Nov 1824 - 24 Feb 1826 British
occupy Pegu.
20 Dec
1852
Annexed to British India.
31 Jan
1862
Along with Arakan and Tenasserim part of British
(Lower) Burma, within British India.
26 Feb
1886
Upper and Lower Burma united.
Kings
1740 -
1747
Smim Htaw Buddhaketi
1747 - 2 May
1757
Binnya
Dala
(d. 1774)
Commissioners
1824 - 1826
Thomas Campbell Robertson
(b. 1789 - d. 1863)
20 Dec 1852 - 31 Jan 1862 Arthur Purves
Phayre
(b. 1812 - d. 1885)
1862 - Apr
1863
Thomas Phillips
Sparks
(b. 1819 - d. 1863)
1863 -
1865
Samuel Richard
Tickell
(b. 1811 - d. 1875)
1865 -
1878
Richard Drapes Ardagh
(b. 1823 - d. 1899)
1878 - 1880
Horace Albert Browne
(b. 1831 - d. 1914)
1881
George James Spence Hodgkinson (b. 1845 -
d. 1891)
(acting)
1881 - 1886
Charles Walker
Street
(b. 1835 - d. 1890)
Arakan
to 31 Dec 1784
3325
BC
Kingdom of Arakan founded according to legend.
c.825
AD
First recorded dynasty.
31 Dec
1784
Conquered by Awa (Burma).
24 Feb
1826
Annexed by Britain, part of British (Lower) Burma
(which is part of British India).
31 Jan
1862
Along with Tenasserim and Pegu par of British
(Lower) Burma, within British India.
26 Feb
1886
Upper and Lower Burma united.
Kings
1698 -
1700
Naradipati I
1700 -
1706
Sandawimala
I
(d. 1734)
1706 -
1710
Sandathuriya I
1710 -
1731
Sandawizaya
(d. 1731)
1731 -
1734
Sandathuriya II
1734 -
1735
Naradipati II
1735 -
1736
Narapawara
1737
Sandawizaya II (Sandawizala)
1737
Katya
1737 -
1742
Madarit
1742 -
1761
Nara Apaya
1761
Thirithu
1761 -
1764
Sandaparama
1764 -
1773
Apaya
1773 -
1777
Sandathumana
1777
Sandawimala II
1777 -
1782
Sandathaditha
1782 - 31 Dec
1784
Thamada
31 Dec 1784 - 24 Feb 1826 annexed by
Awa
British Political Officer
1825 -
1826
Thomas Campbell Robertson
(b. 1789 - d. 1863)
Commissioners
1826 -
1829
George Hunter
1829 -
1830
Charles
Paton
(b. 1791 - d. 1830)
1830 -
1837
Thomas Dickinson
(b. 1789 - d. 1859)
1837 -
1849
Archibald Bogle
(b. 1805 - d. 1876)
1849 -
1852
Arthur Purves
Phayre
(b. 1812 - d. 1885)
1852 - 1858
Henry
Hopkinson
(b. 1820 - d. 1899)
6 Dec 1858 - 9 Apr 1867 G.
Verner
10 Apr 1867 - 23 Apr 1867 E.M. Ryan (1st
time)(acting)
24 Apr 1867 - 24 Oct 1872 James Francis John
Stevenson (b. 1822 - d. 1873)
(1st time)
25 Oct 1872 - 23 Jan 1873 Horatio Nelson
Davies (1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1888)
(acting)
23 Jan 1873 - Dec 1873 James
Francis John Stevenson (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
Dec 1873 - 7 Feb 1876 E.M.
Ryan (2nd time)
8 Feb 1876 - 29 Feb 1876 Horatio Nelson Davies
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1 Mar 1876 - 13 Sep 1878 Edward
Bosc Sladen (1st time) (b. 1827 - d.
1890)
14 Sep 1878 - 10 Dec 1878 William
Charles Plant (1st time) (b.
1836 - d. 1898)
(acting)
11 Dec 1878 - 6 Jun 1880 George
James Spence Hodgkinson (b. 1845 - d.
1891)
(1st
time)
7 Jun 1880 - 22 Jun 1880 William
Charles Plant (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
23 Jun 1880 - 31 Aug 1880 William de Courcy
Ireland (acting)
1 Sep 1880 - 26 Oct 1880 George
James Spence Hodgkinson (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
27 Oct 1880 - 12 Aug 1883 Edward
Bosc Sladen (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Aug 1883 - 13 Nov 1883 George Augustus Strover
(acting) (b. 1839 - d. 1904)
14 Nov 1883 - 3 Nov 1885 Edward
Bosc Sladen (3rd time) (s.a.)
4 Nov 1885 - 17 Dec 1885 J.K.
Macrue
18 Dec 1885 - 26 Jul 1886 George Douglas Burgess
(b. 1848?
- d. 1898)
© Ben Cahoon
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