Trinidad and Tobago
-
![[Flag of the United Kingdom]](gb.gif) -
18 Feb 1797 - 1 Jan 1889
-
|
-
![[Trinidad and Tobago colonial flag, 1889-1958]](tt-col.gif) -
1 Jan 1889 - 13 Oct 1958
-
|
-
![[Trinidad and Tobago colonial flag, 1958-1962]](tri_col3.gif) -
13 Oct 1958 - 31 Aug 1962
-
|
-
![[Trinidad and Tobago]](tt.gif) -
Adopted 31 Aug 1962
-
|
|
|
Map
of Trinidad
and
Tobago
|
Hear
National Anthem "Forged From The Love of Liberty"
|
Text
of National Anthem Adopted 1962
|
Constitution (1 Aug 1976)
|
|
Capital: Port-of-Spain
|
Currency: Trinidad and Tobago Dollar (TTD)
|
National Holiday: 31 Aug (1962) Independence Day
|
Population: 1,227,505 (2011)
|
|
GDP: $26.1 billion (2010)
|
Exports: $12.7 billion (2010) Imports: $8.18 billion (2010)
|
Ethnic groups: black 39.2%, East Indian (South Asian) 38.6%,
mixed 16.3%, Chinese 1.3%, white 1%, other and
unspecified 3.3% (2000)
|
Total Active Armed Forces: 4,063 (2010)
Merchant marine: 6 ships (2010)
|
Religions: Roman Catholic 26%, Hindu 22.5%,
Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%, Pentecostal 6.8%, other Christian 5.8%, Muslim 5.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none 1.9% (2000)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties:
ACP, ACS, AOSIS, APM, BWC, C, Caricom, CDB, CTBT, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM,
ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISA, ISO, ITSO,
ITU, ITUC, KP, LAES, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|
Trinidad and
Tobago Index
|
Chronology
31 Jul 1498
Trinidad discovered and claimed for Spain by
Columbus, named Isla La Santissima Trinidad.
15 Dec 1521
Trinidad a Spanish colony; subordinated
to Audiencia of Santo Domingo (to 1739).
1592 Permanent settlement of Trinidad begun, part
of the province of Guayana y Trinidad.
27 May 1717 Trinidad part of the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada.
(see
Colombia).
11 May 1724 - 20 Aug 1739 Trinidad subject to Santo
Domingo.
1731
Trinidad made a separate province,
of Venezuela.
20 Aug 1739 - 8 Sep 1777 Trinidad part of Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada.
4 Jun 1762
Trinidad a Comandancia general
(still part of Venezuela).
1762
Tobago a British colony (French rule
1781-93 and
1802-03).
10 Feb 1763 Tobago ceded to Britain by France.
8 Sep 1777 - 1797 Trinidad a province of Venezuela Captaincy-general.
18 Feb 1797
Trinidad occupied by Britain.
27 Mar 1802
Spain formally cedes Trinidad to Britain;
Trinidad a British colony.
1 Jan 1899
Trinidad and Tobago united.
1956 Self government
3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962 Part of the Federation
of the West Indies
(with Antigua, Barbados, Cayman Islands,
Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat,
St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, St.
Lucia,
St. Vincent, and Turks and Caicos
Islands)
31 Aug 1962
Independence from Britain (Trinidad and Tobago).
1 Aug 1976
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago |
Trinidad and
Tobago
(from 1899)
|
Trinidad
(1530-1899)
|
Tobago
(1628-1899)
|
West Indies
Federation
(1958-1962)
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
Trinidad
-
![[Spanish War Ensign (1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif) -
to 18 Sep 1797
-
|
-
![[Flag of the United Kingdom]](gb.gif) -
18 Sep 1797 - 1875
-
|
-
![[Trinidad colonial flag 1875-1889]](tt-col.gif) -
1875 - 1 Jan 1889
-
|
|
Map
of Trinidad
|
Capital: Port-of-Spain
(Puerto de España 1783-1797;
San José de Oruña 1592-1783)
|
Population: 196,000 (1889 est.)
|
|
Governors of Guayana and Trinidad
1521 - 1526
Diego Colón Moniz
(b. 1479/80 - d. 1526)
12 Jul 1530 - 1538
Antonío Sedeño
1571 - 1591
Juan Ponce de León
1580 - 1597
Antonio de Berrío y Oruña (d. 1597) 1597 - 1612
Fernando de Berrío (1st time)
1615 - 1618
Diego Palomeque de Acuña
1619 - 1622
Fernando de Berrío (2nd time)
1624 - 1631
Luís de Monsalve y Saavedra
1631 - 1636 Cristóval de Aranda
1636 - 1641
Diego Lopez de Escobar
1642 - 1657
Martín de Mendoza de la Hoy
y Berrío
1657 - 1664
Juan de Viedma
1665 - 1668
José de Haspe y Zuñiga
1670 - 1677
Diego Ximenes de Aldana
1678 - 1682
Tiburcio de Haspe y Zuñiga
1682 - 1684
Diego Suárez Ponce de León (1st time)
1684 - 1690
Sebastian de Roseta
1693 - 1696 Diego Suárez Ponce de León (2nd time)
1696 - 1698
Francisco de Menez
1698 - Dec 1699 José
de León y Echales (d. 1699)
1699 - 1701 .... (acting)
1701 - 1705
Francisco Ruíz de Aguirre
1705 - 1711
Felipe de Artieda
1711 - 1716
Cristóbal Félix de Guzmán
1716 - 1721
Pedro de Jara
1721
Juan de Orvay (acting)
1721 - 1726
Martín Pérez de Anda y Salazar
1726 - 1730
Agustín de Arredondo
1730 - 1731
Bartolomé de Aldunate y Rada (d. 1733)
Governors of Trinidad
1731 - 1733
Bartolomé de Aldunate y Rada (s.a.)
1733 - 11 Oct 1735
José Orbale
+ Pedro Ximenes
(alcalades ordinarios; acting)
11 Oct 1735 - 1745 Esteban Simón de Liñan y Vera 4 Dec 1745 - 19 Jun 1746 Félix
Espinosa de los Monteros
19 Jun 1746 - 7 Jan 1752
Juan José Salcedo
7 Jan 1752 - 17 Jan 1757 Francisco Manclares
17 Jan 1757 - 6 Apr 1760 Pedro de la Moneda
6 Apr 1760 - 1762
Jacinto San Juan
1762 - 1765
José Antonio Gil-Knight
19 Jun 1765 - 1766 Juan de Bruno (acting)
5 Apr 1766 - 31 Mar 1773 José de Flores
31 Mar 1773 - 30 Nov 1776 Juan de Dios Váldez y Yarza
30 Nov 1776 - 11 Jul 1779 Manuel Falquez
(d. 1779)
Aug 1779 - 31 Mar 1781 Rafael Delgar
(military governor)
21 Aug 1779 - 31 Mar 1781 Martín de Salaverría
(civil governor)
31 Mar 1781 - 23 Jan 1784 Juan Francisco Machado
23 Jan 1784 - 18 Oct 1784 Antonio Barreto (acting)
18 Oct 1784 - 18 Feb 1797 José María Chacón
y Sanchez (b. 1747 - d. 1833)
18 Feb 1797 - Feb 1797 Sir Ralph Abercromby
(b. 1734 - d. 1801)
Feb 1797 - 20 Jun 1803 Thomas
Picton (military governor) (b. 1758 - d. 1815)
(military governor to 1 Jun 1801)
1798 - 1 Jun 1801 Commission
- William
Fullerton
(b. 1758 - d. 1808)
- Thomas Picton
(s.a.)
- Samuel Hood
(b. 1762 - d. 1814)
20 Jun 1803 - 30 Jul 1803 William Fullarton
(s.a.)
30
Jul 1803 - 9 Jan 1810 Sir Thomas
Hislop
(b. 1764 - d. 1843)
9 Jan 1810 - 25 Apr 1811 Tolly (acting)
25 Apr 1811 - 14 Jun 1813 Hector William Munro (b. 1769 - d. 1821) 14 Jun 1813 - 12 Apr 1821 Sir Ralph James
Woodford (1st time)(b.
1784 - d. 1828)
12 Apr 1821 - 18 Feb 1823 A.W. Young (acting)
18 Feb 1823 - 1 Apr 1828 Sir Ralph James
Woodford (2nd time)(s.a.)
1 Apr 1828 - 18 Apr 1828 Henry Capadose (acting) (d. 1848)
18 Apr 1828 - 26 Jul 1828 Sir Charles Felix Smith (1st time) (b. 1786 - d. 1858)
26 Jul 1828 - 10 Mar 1829 Peter Farquharson (acting) (b. 1774 - d. 1861)
10 Mar 1829 - 20 Nov 1829 Lewis Grant (1st time)
(b. 1778 - d. 1852)
20 Nov 1829 - 15 Feb 1830 Doherty (1st time) (acting)
15 Feb 1830 - 15 May 1830 Lewis Grant (2nd time)
(s.a.)
15 May 1830 - 3 Jun 1830 Doherty (2nd time) (acting)
3 Jun 1830 - 5 Dec 1831 Sir Charles Felix Smith (2nd time)
(s.a.)
5 Dec 1831 - 9 Jun 1833 Sir Lewis Grant (3rd time)
(s.a.)
9 Jun 1833 - 8 Mar 1839 Sir George Fitzgerald Hill
(b. 1763 - d. 1839)
8 Mar 1839 - 22 Apr 1839 John Alexander
Mein (1st time) (d. 1841)
(acting)
24 Mar 1839 - 28 Mar 1839 Sir Evan John Murray MacGregor (b. 1785 - d. 1841)
28 Mar 1839 - 13 Apr 1840 John Alexander
Mein (1st time) (s.a.)
(acting)
13 Apr 1840 - 11 Nov 1840 Sir Henry George Macleod (1st time)(b. 1791 - d. 1847)
11 Nov 1840 - 14 Dec 1840 Barlow (acting)
14 Dec 1840 - 25 Sep 1841 Tyler (acting)
25 Sep 1841 - 9 May 1842 Sir Charles Chichester (acting) (b. 1795 - d. 1847)
9 May 1842 - 8 Feb 1845 Sir Henry George Macleod (2nd time)(s.a.)
8 Feb 1845 - 2 Jul 1845 E.C. Archer (acting)
2 Jul 1845 - 21 Apr 1846 Sir Henry George Macleod (3rd time)(s.a.)
21 Apr 1846 - 12 Jun 1851 George Francis Robert Harris, (b. 1810 -
d. 1872)
Baron Harris (1st time)
12 Jun 1851 - 25 Feb 1853 Ward (acting)
25 Feb 1853 - 26 Jan 1854 George Francis Robert Harris, (s.a.)
Baron Harris (2nd time)
26 Jan 1854 - 10 Mar 1854 L. Bourchier (acting)
10 Mar 1854 - 27 Oct 1856 Sir Charles Elliot
(b. 1801 - d. 1875)
27 Oct 1856 - 26 Jan 1857 B. Brooks (acting)
26 Jan 1857 - 7 Apr 1860 Robert William Keate (1st time)
(b. 1814 - d. 1873)
7 Apr 1860 - 25 Mar 1861 J. Walker (acting)
25 Mar 1861 - May 1861 Holworthy (acting)
May 1861 - 5 Jul 1864 Robert William Keate (2nd time)
(s.a.)
5 Jul 1864 - 6 Sep 1866 Thompson (acting)
6 Sep 1864 - 24 Apr 1866 Sir John Henry Thomas Manners- (b. 1814 - d. 1877)
Sutton
24 Apr 1866 - 7 Nov 1866 E.E. Bushworth (acting)
7 Nov 1866 - 8 Apr 1868 Sir Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon (b. 1829 - d. 1912)
(1st time)
8 Apr 1868 - 20 Apr 1868 Bostock (acting)
20 Apr 1868 - 25 Jun 1868 Sir Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon (s.a.)
(2nd time)
25 Jun 1868 - 21 Dec 1868 Cornelius Hendricksen Kortright (b. 1817 - d. 1899)
(acting)
21 Dec 1868 - 25 Jun 1870 Sir Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon (s.a.)
25 Jun 1870 - 11 Jul 1872 James Robert Longden (1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1891)
11 Jul 1872 - 21 May 1873 William Hepburn Rennie (acting) (b. 1829 - d. 1874)
21 May 1873 - 27 Apr 1874 James Robert Longden (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Apr 1874 - 27 May 1874 John Scott Bushe (1st time)(acting)(b. 1826 - d. 1887)
2 May 1874 - 27 May 1874 William Wellington Cairns
(b. 1828 - d. 1888)
27 May 1874 - 20 Nov 1874 John Scott Bushe (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
20 Nov 1874 - 9 Dec 1876 Henry Turner Irving (1st time) (b. 1833 - d. 1923)
9 Dec 1876 - 8 Feb 1877 John Scott Bushe (3rd time)(acting)(s.a.)
8 Feb 1877 - 2 Jan 1878 George William Des Voeux (acting) (b. 1834 - d. 1909)
2 Jan 1878 - 1880
Henry Turner Irving (2nd time) (s.a.)
1880
William Rowland Pyne (acting)
(b. 1838 - d. ....)
1880
William A.G. Young (acting)
2 Nov 1880 - 1884
Sir Sanford Freeling
(b. 1828 - d. 1894)
1884
John Scott Bushe (3rd time)(acting)(s.a.)
19 Jun 1884 - 1884
Sir Frederick Palgrave Barlee (b. 1827 -
d. 1884)
(acting)
1884 - 1885
John Scott Bushe (4th time)(acting)(s.a.)
24 Jan 1885 - 1885
Sir Arthur Elibank Havelock (b.
1844 - d. 1908)
1885
David Wilson (acting)
9 Oct 1885 - 1891
Sir William Robinson
(b. 1836 - d. 1912)
19 Aug 1891 - 1897
Sir Frederick Napier Broome (b.
1842 - d. 1896)
2 Jun 1897 - 1 Jan 1899 Sir Hubert Edward Henry
Jerningham (b. 1842 - d. 1914)
Tobago
-
![[Flag of the United Kingdom]](gb.gif) -
1762 - 1781, 1793 - 1877
-
|
-
![[Tobago colonial flag 1877-1889]](tt_tob1.gif) -
1877 - 6 Apr 1889
-
|
|
Map
of Tobago
|
Capital: Scarborough
(Port Louis 1781-1793;
Georgetown 1762-1768;
Lampsinsstad 1654-1677;
Nieuw-Vlissingen 1628-1654)
|
Tobago
Assembly Act (23 Sep 1980/1996)
|
Population: 59,656 (2008) 18,353 (1890)
|
|
4 Aug 1498
Possibly discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus,
named Isla de la Asunción.
1502
Named Isla La Magdalena by Alonzo de Ojeda and Juan de la Cosa;
later it is known as Tavaco, then
Tabagua, finally as Tobago.
1580
English claim Tobago for England (no
settlement).
1614 (4 months)
Brief Spanish settlement.
1625 Failed English settlement.
1628
King Charles I of England, granted Tobago to Philip, Earl of
Montgomery (later Earl of Pembroke).
1628 - 1636
Dutch colony (Nieuw Walcheren).
1 Jan 1637
Dutch colony destroyed by Spanish.
1639 - 1640
English settlement.
1640 - 1642
Abandoned.
1642
Tobago granted to the Duke of Courland by English
King Charles I,
Courlander settlement on northeast coast.
20 May 1654
Courlander (Latvian) colony (New Courland) established on the
north-west coast with residence at
Jacobstadt (now Plymouth).
Sep 1654
Rival Dutch colony (Nieuw Vlissingen) established by the Dutch
West-Indies Company on the south-west
coast (now Scarborough).
11 Dec 1659
Courlander colony occupied by the Dutch, entire island now
under Dutch administration.
1662 Proprietorship griven to Lampsius brothers by French King Louis XIV
Jan 1666 - Aug 1666 English occupation.
Aug 1666 - Mar 1667 French
occupation.
Apr 1667 - 18 Dec 1672 Dutch colony.
18 Dec 1672
English destroy Dutch colony, island abandoned.
19 Feb 1674 Tobago restored to the Dutch by Treaty of Westminster.
1 Sep 1676 - 6 Dec 1677 Dutch colony.
6 Dec 1677
French destroy Dutch colony and claim entire island,
but no settlement made.
10 Aug 1678 Tobago restored to the Dutch by Treaty of Nimeguen.
Jul 1680
Courlander colony re-established on the island
(temporarily abandoned Mar 1683 - Jun 1686).
18 Oct 1684
Declared neutral territory by Treaty of Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
May 1690
Courlanders finally leave their colony but do not withdraw
their claims (Courland claimed the
island and appointed
governors until 1795, but no Courlander
settlement was ever
re-established).
1733 - 1733 Sweden attempted settlement on northern coast (named Fort
Frederick).
1748 - 1749 French settlements on the island.
1762
British occupy and claim Togbago,
part of British Windward
Islands colony
as Tobago (see Grenada).
10 Feb 1763 Tobago ceded to Britain by France in Treaty of Paris.
12 Nov 1764
Tobago a separate British colony.
2 Jun 1781 - 15 Apr 1793 French colony.
15 Apr 1793
British occupation of Tobago.
25 Oct 1797 - 19 Apr 1801 Nominally part of Lucie
département
of
France
(Saint Lucia and Tobago; not effected
due to
British occupation).
30 Jun 1802 - 30 Jun 1803 French colony.
30 Jun 1803
British crown colony.
1 Apr 1833 - 1889
Part of Windward Islands colony (see Grenada).
6 Apr 1889 Tobago administratively annexed to Trinidad.
1 Jan 1899
Trinidad and Tobago united, Tobago a ward of Trinidad.
23 Sep 1980
Autonomy
Spanish Commander
1614 (4 months)
Juan Rodríguez
Dutch governors
1628 - 1629
Jacob Maerszoon
1632 - 1637
Cornelis de Moor
1636 - 1640 abandoned
1640 - 1654 Courlander rule
1654 Pieter Becquart
1654 - 1662 Adriaen Lampsius (Lampsins)
French governors
1662 - 1666 Hubert de Beveren
1662 - 1664 Cornelius Lampsius (Lampsins), (b. 1600 - d. 1664)
baron de Tobago (proprietor)
Jan 1666 - Aug 1666 Poyntz -English commandant
Aug 1666 - Mar 1667 Vincent
Dutch governors
1666 - 1667 Abel Tisso
1667
Abraham Crijnssen
(d. 1669)
Apr 1667 - 1672 Peter
Constant (1st time)
18 Dec 1672 - Dec 1672 Sir Tobias Bridge
(English commander)
Dec 1672 - 1 Sep 1676 abandoned
1 Sep 1676 - 12 Dec 1677 Jacob Binckes
(b. 1637 - d. 1677)
Dec 1677 Charles-François d'Angennes, (b. 1648 - d. 1691)
marquis de Maintenon
(French commander)
1678 - 16.. Peter Constant (2nd time)
Courland governors
1639
- 1640
Robert Marsham
(d. 1640)
(English governor)
1642 - 1643 Edward Marshall
1643 - 1650
Cornelius Caroon
1654 - 11 Dec 1659 Willem Mollens
1662 - 1689 Maximilian Hubertus Adrian
(abandoned Mar 1683 - Jun 1686) Swedish commander
1733 ....
French commandant
Dec 1748 - 1749 Hurault
Lieutenant governors
1762 - 1763 .... (commander)
1763 - 12 Nov 1764 Robert Melville (b. 1723 - d. 1809)
12 Nov 1764 - Jul 1766 Alexander Brown
(d. 1766)
2 Dec 1766 - 16 Oct 1767 William Hill
16 Oct 1767 - 1769
Roderick Gwynne
1770 - 1771
Robert William Stewart (acting)
1771 Leybourne
1771 - 1777
William Young
(d. 1788)
1777 - 1779
Peter Campbell (acting)
(d. 1779)
1779 - 1781
John Graham (acting)
1781 - 2 Jun 1781
George Ferguson
Governors
2 Jun 1781 - 1784
Philibert François Rouxel de
(b. 1735 - d. 1793)
Blanchelande
1784 - 1786
René Marie, vicomte d'Arrot
1786 - 1789
Arthur, comte Dillon
(b. 1750 - d. 1794)
1789 - 1792
Antoine de Jobal de Poigny (b. 1747 - d. 1817)
1792 - 1793
Philippe Marie de Marguenat
3 Feb 1793 - 15 Apr 1793 Pierre Jacques Fulcrand de la (b. 1740 - d. ....)
Roque de Monteil
15 Apr 1793 - Apr 1793
Cornelius Cuyler (commander) (b. c.1740 - d. 1819) Apr 1793 - 4 Jan 1794 William Myers (acting)
4 Jan 1794 - 1795
George Poyntz Ricketts
(b. 1749 - d. 1800)
1795 - 22 May 1796
William Lindsay
(b. 17.. - d. 1796)
1796 - 1797
James Campbell (acting)
1797 - 1799
Stephan de Lancey
(b. 1748 - d. 1799)
1799 - Jan 1800
Joseph Robley (1st time) (acting) (d. 1807)
Jan 1800 - Oct 1800
Richard Master
(b. 17.. - d. 1800)
Oct 1800 - 1801 Joseph Robley (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
1801 - 2 Oct 1802
Hugh Lyle Carmichael (acting) (b. 1764 -
d. 1813)
2 Oct 1802 - 26 Dec 1802 Jean Joseph François
Léonard (b. 1756 - d. 1802)
de Sahuguet d'Amarzit
26 Dec 1802 - 1803 de Muguetot (prefect) (acting)
1803 - 30 Jun 1803 Louis César Gabriel de Berluy, (b. 1765 - d. 1819)
comte Berthier
30 Jun 1803 - Jul 1803 Thomas
Picton (acting) (b. 1758 - d. 1815)
Jul 1803 - Aug 1803 William
Johnstone (acting)
Aug 1803 - Jul 1804 Donald
MacDonald (acting)
(b. 17.. - d. 1804)
Jul 1804 - 1805
John Halkett
(b. 1768 - d. 1852)
1805 - 1806 Mitchell (acting)
1806 - 1807
John Balfour (1st time)(acting)
20
Apr 1807 - 11 Jan 1815 Sir William Young
(b. 1747 - d. 1815)
1815 - 1816
John Balfour (2nd time)(acting)
1816
John Campbell (acting)
13 Nov 1816 - 1819 Sir
Frederick Philipse Robinson (b. 1763 - d. 1862)
1819 - 1820 Cumine (acting)
1820 - 1823 Roley (acting)
1823 - 1826 Nichol (acting)
1826 - 1827 Brasnell (acting)
1827 - 1828 Piggott (acting)
1 Aug 1828 - 1833 Nathaniel Shepherd Blackwell (d. 1833)
1833
Alexander Gardner (acting)
1833
Sir Lionel Smith
(b. 1778 - d. 1842)
Lieutenant governors
1833 - 1836
Henry Charles Darling (1st time) (b. 1780 - d. 1845)
1836 - 1842 Evan John
Murray McGregor (b.
1785 - d. 1841)
(from 1839, Sir Evan John Murray
McGregor)
1842 Scott (1st time)(acting)
1842
Sir Charles Edward Grey
(b. 1785 - d. 1865)
1842 - 1845
Henry Charles Darling (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1845 Scott (2nd time)(acting)
1845 Yeates (acting)
1845 - 1846
Laurence Graeme (1st time) (d. 1850)
1846 - 1848 William Reid
1848 - 1849 William MacBean George Colebrooke (b. 1787 - d. 1870)
1849 - 1850 Henry Yates (1st time)(acting)
1850 Laurence Graeme (2nd time) (s.a.)
1850 - 1851 Henry Yates (2nd time)(acting)
16 Apr 1851 - 26 Jun 1851 David Robert Ross
(d. 1851)
1851 - 1852
Henry Yates (3rd time)(acting)
1852
Dominick Daly
(b. 1798 - d. 1868)
1852 - Feb 1854
Henry Yates (4th time)(acting)
Feb 1854 - 1856
Willoughby J. Shortland
(b. 1804 - d. 1869)
1856
Francis Hincks
(b. 1807 - d. 1885)
1856
James Kirk (acting)
1856
James Henry Keens (acting)
1856 - 1860 James
Vickery Drysdale (1st time)
1860 E.D. Baynes (acting)
1860 - Apr 1864 James
Vickery Drysdale (2nd time)
1864 - 1872
Cornelius Hendricksen Kortright (b. 1817 - d. 1899)
(acting to 1865)
1872 - 1875
Herbert Taylor Ussher
(b. 1836 - d. 1880)
1875 - 1877
Robert William Harley
1 Nov 1877 - 1880
Augustus Frederick Gore
(b. 1826 - d. 1887) (administrator)
1880 - 1882
Edward Daniel Laborde (b. 1863 - d. 19..) 1882 - 1883
.... (acting)
1883 - 1884
John Worrell Carrington
(b. 1847 - d. 1913)
1884 - 1885
.... (acting)
1885
Lorraine Gudded Hay (1st time)
1885 - 1888
Robert Baxter Llewellyn
(b. 1845 - d. 1919)
1888 - 1889
Lorraine Gudded Hay (2nd time)
Commissioners
1889 - 1892
Lorraine Gudded Hay 1892
Thomas Crossley Rayner
(b. 1860 - d. 1914)
1892 - 1893
William Low (1st time)
1893
H.H. Sealy (acting)
1893 - 1897
William Low (2nd time)
1897
S.W. Snaggs (acting)
1897 - 1 Jan 1899
Joseph Clanfergael O'Halloran (b. 1846 - d. 1920)
(acting)
Wardens (magistrates)
Jan 1899 - 1903
James Todd Rousseau (1st time) (b. 1860 - d. 1910)
1903 - 1904 W.C. Nock (acting)
1904 - 28 Oct 1910 James Todd Rousseau (2nd time) (s.a.)
Feb 1911 - May 1913 Edward Carlyon
Eliot (b. 1879 - d. 1940)
1913? - 1919? H.P.C. Strange
Jan 1919 - c.1924 Leonardo Joseph Sorzano
1926 - 1937
Henry Meaden
(b. 1882 - d. 19..)
1938 - 1944 Ca....
1944 - 1956 Thomas Charles Cambridge
1956 - 1958 ....
Commissioners for Tobago Affairs
10 Mar 1958 - 1959 G.W. Gordon
(permanent secretary for Tobago affairs)
1959 - c.1971 Victor E. Bruce
Ministers for Tobago Affairs
1959 - 1971? Eric Eustace Williams
(b. 1911 - d. 1981) PNM
1971 - Sep 1976 Wilbert Winchester
(b. 1932 - d. 2008) PNM
1976 - 1980 ....
Chairmen of the House of Assembly
4 Dec 1980 - 16 Dec 1986 Arthur Napoleon
Raymond Robinson (b. 1926)
DAC;1986 NAR
16 Dec 1986 - 31 Oct 1989 Jefferson "Jeff" Davidson
NAR
1 Nov 1989 - Dec 1996 Lennox Alcindor Denoon
(b. 1930 - d. 2007) NAR
Chief Secretaries of the House of Assembly
Dec
1996 - 31 Jan 2001 Hochoy Charles
NAR
1 Feb 2001 -
Orville Delano London
(b. 1945)
PNM
Party abbreviations: DAC = Democratic Action
Congress (autonomist, merged into NAR 1986-2004); NAR = National Alliance for Reconstruction
(A.N.R. Robinson personalist, aimed at Trinidadians of Black [and to 1988
Indian descent); PNM = People's National Movement (conservative,
mainly ethnic Black, est.1956)
Trinidad and Tobago
1 Jan 1899
Trinidad and Tobago united.
3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962 Part of the Federation of
the West Indies.
31 Aug 1962
Independence
1 Aug 1976
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Governors
1 Jan 1899 - 1900
Sir Hubert Edward Henry Jerningham (s.a.)
4 Dec 1900 - 1904
Sir Cornelius Alfred Moloney
(b. 1848 - d. 1913)
30 Aug 1904 - 29 Aug 1908 Sir Henry Moore Jackson
(b. 1849 - d. 1908)
11 May 1909 - Jan 1916 Sir George Ruthven
Le Hunte (b. 1852
- d. 1925)
1 Jun 1916 - 1921
Sir John Robert Chancellor
(b. 1870 - d. 1952)
1 Jan 1922 - 1924
Sir Samuel Herbert Wilson
(b. 1873 - d. 1950)
Aug 1924 - 1924 Sir Thomas Alexander Best (acting) (b. 1870 - d. 1941)
22 Nov 1924 - 1930
Sir Horace Archer Byatt
(b. 1875 - d. 1933)
22 Mar 1930 - 1936
Sir Alfred Claud Hollis
(b. 1874 - d. 1961)
17 Sep 1936 - 1938
Sir Arthur George Murchison Fletcher (b. 1878 - d. 1954)
8 Jul 1938 - 1942
Sir Hubert Winthrop Young
(b. 1885 - d. 1950)
8 Jun 1942 - 1947
Sir Bede Edmund Hugh Clifford
(b. 1890 - d. 1969)
7 Mar 1947 - 1950
Sir John Valentine Wistar Shaw (b.
1894 - d. 1982)
19 Apr 1950 - 1955
Sir Hubert Elvin Rance
(b. 1898 - d. 1974)
23 Jun 1955 - 1960
Sir Edward Betham Beetham
(b. 1905 - d. 1979)
4 Jul 1960 - 31 Aug 1962 Sir Solomon Hochoy
(b. 1905 - d. 1983)
Queen¹
31 Aug 1962 - 1 Aug 1976 the Queen of the United
Kingdom
Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head
of state)
31 Aug 1962 - 15 Sep 1972 Sir Solomon Hochoy
(s.a.)
15 Sep 1972 - 1 Aug 1976 Sir Ellis Emmanuel Innocent
Clarke (b. 1917 - d. 2010)
Presidents
1 Aug 1976 - 13 Mar 1987 Ellis Emmanuel Innocent Clarke
(s.a.) PNM/Non-party
(acting to 28 Jan 1977)
13 Mar 1987 - 18 Mar 1987 Michael J. Williams (acting)
(b. 1929)
NAR
18 Mar 1987 - 18 Mar 1997 Noor Mohamed Hassanali
(b. 1918 - d. 2006) Non-party
18 Mar 1997 - 17 Mar 2003 Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson
(b. 1926) NAR/Non-party
17 Mar 2003 -
George Maxwell Richards
(b. 1931) PNM/Non-party
Chief minister
28 Oct 1956 - 9 Jul 1959 Eric Eustace Williams
(b. 1911 - d. 1981) PNM
Premier
9 Jul 1959 - Dec 1961 Eric Eustace
Williams
(s.a.)
PNM
Prime ministers
Dec 1961 - 29 Mar 1981 Eric Eustace Williams
(s.a.)
PNM
30 Mar 1981 - 18 Dec 1986 George Michael Chambers
(b. 1928 - d. 1997) PNM
18 Dec 1986 - 17 Dec 1991 Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson
(s.a.)
NAR
17 Dec 1991 - 9 Nov 1995 Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning
(b. 1946)
PNM
(1st time)
9 Nov 1995 - 24 Dec 2001 Basdeo Panday
(b. 1933)
UNC
24 Dec 2001 - 26 May 2010 Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning
(s.a.)
PNM
(2nd time)
26 May 2010 -
Kamla Persad-Bissessar (f)
(b. 1952) UNC
¹Full style
(a) 31 Aug 1962 - 2 Nov 1962: "By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories
Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith";
(b) 2 Nov 1962 - 1 Aug 1976: "By the Grace
of God, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago and of Her other Realms and Territories,
Head of the Commonwealth."
Territorial Disputes: Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago
abide by the Apr 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting
a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's
exclusive economic zone; in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed
to compulsory international arbitration under UNCLOS challenging whether
the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary
extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to
include itself in the arbitration as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime
boundary may extend into its waters as well.
Party abbreviations: NAR = National Alliance for Reconstruction
(A.N.R. Robinson personalist, aimed at Trinidadians of Black [and to 1988
Indian descent]); PNM = People's National Movement (conservative,
mainly ethnic Black, est.1956); UNC = United National Congress (centerist,
social-democratic, mainly ethnic East Indian, 1988 split from NAR)
Federation of the West Indies
3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962
3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962 Federation of the West Indies
(Antigua, Barbados,
Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada,
Jamaica,
Montserrat, St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla,
St. Lucia,
St. Vincent, and Turks and Caicos
Islands)
(less commonly referred to as British
Caribbean Federation).
Governor-general
3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962 Patrick George Thomas
(b. 1901 - d. 1974)
Buchan-Hepburn, Baron Hailes
Prime minister
18 Apr 1958 - 31 May 1962 Sir Grantley Herbert Adams
(b. 1898 - d. 1971) WIFLP
Party abbreviations: WIFLP = West Indian Federation Labour
Party (social-democratic, urban);
DLP = Democratic Labor Party (conservative, rural)
©2000 Ben Cahoon
|