Trinidad and Tobago
 

18 Feb 1797 - 1 Jan 1889                        1 Jan 1889 - 13 Oct 1958                        13 Oct 1958 - 31 Aug 1962                     Adopted 31 Aug 1962   Map of Trinidad and Tobago Hear National Anthem  "Forged From The Love of Liberty" Text of National Anthem Adopted 1962 Constitution (1 Aug 1976) Capital: Port-of-Spain Currency: Trinidad and Tobago Dollar (TTD) National Holiday: 31 Aug (1962) Independence Day Population: 1,056,608 (2007) GDP: $21.12 billion (2006) Exports: $12.5 billion (2006) Imports: $8.79 billion (2006) Ethnic groups: Indian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed 20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2000)  Total Armed Forces: 2,700 (2003) Merchant marine: 8 ships (2006) Religions: Roman Catholic 26%, Hindu 22.5%, Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%, Pentecostal 6.8%, other Christian 5.8%, Muslim 5.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none 1.9% (2000)  International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, APM, BWC, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, LAES, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Trinidad and  Tobago Index Chronology 31 Jul 1498                Trinidad discovered and claimed for Spain by                              Columbus, named Isla La Santissima Trinidad. 15 Dec 1521                Trinidad a Spanish colony; subordinated                               to Santo Domingo (to 1739). 1735                       Trinidad made a separate province,                              of Venezuela.  4 Jun 1762                Trinidad a Comandancia general                              (still part of Venezuela). 1762                       Tobago a British colony (French rule 1781-93 and                              1802-03). 18 Feb 1797                Trinidad occupied by Britain. 27 Mar 1802                Spain formally cedes Trinidad to Britain;                              Trinidad a British colony.  1 Jan 1899                Trinidad and Tobago united.  3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962  Part of the Federation of the West Indies                             (with Antigua, Barbados, Cayman Islands,                              Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat,                               St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, St. Lucia,                              St. Vincent, and Turks and Caicos Islands) 31 Aug 1962                Independence from Britain (Trinidad and Tobago).  1 Aug 1976                Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago (from 1899) Trinidad (1530-1899) Tobago (1628-1899) West Indies Federation (1958-1962)

Trinidad
 

to 18 Sep 1797                       18 Sep 1797 - 1875                         1875 - 1 Jan 1889   Map of Trinidad Capital: Port-of-Spain (San Jose de Oruña 1592-1783) Population: 196,000 (1889 est.)

Governors
12 Jul 1530 - 1538         Antonío Sedeño
1571 - 1591                Juan Ponce de Leon
1580 - 1597                Antonio de Berrío
1597 - 1612                Fernando de Berrío (1st time)
1615 - 1618                Diego Palomeque de Acuña
1619 - 1622                Fernando de Berrío (2nd time)
1624 - 1631                Luís de Monsalves
1631 - 1636                Cristoval de Aranda
1636 - 1641                Diego Lopez de Escobar
1642 - 1657                Martín de Mendoza y Berrío
1657 - 1664                Juan de Viedma
1665 - 1668                José de Haspe y Zuñiga
1670 - 1677                Diego Ximenes de Aldana
1678 - 1682                Tiburcio de Haspe y Zuñiga
1682 - 1688                Diego Suarez Ponce de Leon
1688 - 1690                Sebastian de Roseta
1692 - 1698                Francisco de Menez
1699 - 1700                José de Leon Echales
1700 - 1705                Francisco Ruíz de Aguirre
1705 - 1711                Felipe de Artieda
1711 - 1716                Cristóbal Félix de Guzmán
1716 - 1721                Pedro de Jara
1721                       Juan de Orvay (acting)
1721 - 1726                Martín Pérez de Anda y Salazar
1726 - 1730                Agustín de Arredondo
1730 - 1733                Bartolomé de Aldunate y Rada
1733 - 1735                José Orbay 
                           + Pedro Ximenes
                           (acting)
11 Oct 1735 - 1745         Esteban Simón de Liñan y Vera
 4 Dec 1745 - Jun 1746     Félix Espinosa de los Monteros
19 Jun 1746 -  7 Jan 1752  Juan José Salcedo
 7 Jan 1752 - 17 Jan 1757  Francisco Manclares
17 Jan 1757 -  6 Apr 1760  Pedro de la Moneda
 6 Apr 1760 - 1762         Jacinto San Juan
1762 - 1765                José Antonio Gil
19 Jun 1765 - 1766         J. de Bruno
 5 Apr 1766 - 31 Mar 1773  José de Flores
31 Mar 1773 - 30 Nov 1776  Juan de Dios Váldez y Yarza
30 Nov 1776 - 1779         Manuel Falquez 
                            (military governor)
Aug 1779 - 31 Mar 1781     Martín de Salaverría
                            (civil governor)
31 Mar 1781 - 23 Jan 1784  Juan Francisco Machado
23 Jan 1784 - 18 Oct 1784  Antonio Barreto (acting)
18 Oct 1784 - 18 Feb 1797  José María Chacón y Sanchez        (b. 1747 - d. ....)
18 Feb 1797 - 1797         Sir Ralph Abercromby               (b. 1734 - d. 1801)
1797 - 20 Jun 1803         Thomas Picton (military governor)  (b. 1758 - d. 1815)
                             (military governor to 1 Jun 1801)
1798 -  1 Jun 1801         Commission
                           - J. Harvey
                           - William Fullarton                (b. 1758 - d. 1808)
                           - Samuel Hood                      (b. 1762 - d. 1814)
                           - Thomas Picton                    (s.a.)
20 Jun 1803 - 30 Jul 1803  William Fullarton                  (s.a.)
30 Jul 1803 -  9 Jan 1810  Sir Thomas Hislop                  (b. 1764 - d. 1843)
 9 Jan 1810 - 25 Apr 1811  Tolly (acting)
25 Apr 1811 - 14 Jun 1813  William Munro
14 Jun 1813 - 12 Apr 1821  Sir Ralph James Woodford (1st time)(b. 1784 - d. 1828)
12 Apr 1821 - 18 Feb 1823  A.W. Young (acting)
18 Feb 1823 -  1 Apr 1828  Sir Ralph James Woodford (2nd time)(s.a.)
 1 Apr 1828 - 18 Apr 1828  J.V. Capadose (acting)
18 Apr 1828 - 26 Jul 1828  Sir Charles Felix Smith (1st time) (b. 1786 - d. 1858)
26 Jul 1828 - 10 Mar 1829  Farquharson (acting)
10 Mar 1829 - 20 Nov 1829  Lewis Grant (1st time)             (d. 1852)
20 Nov 1829 - 15 Feb 1830  Doherty (1st time) (acting)
15 Feb 1830 - 15 May 1830  Lewis Grant (2nd time)             (s.a.)
15 May 1830 -  3 Jun 1830  Doherty (2nd time) (acting)
 3 Jun 1830 -  5 Dec 1831  Sir Charles Felix Smith (2nd time) (s.a.)
 5 Dec 1831 -  9 Jun 1833  Sir Lewis Grant (3rd time)         (s.a.)
 9 Jun 1833 -  8 Mar 1839  Sir George Fitzgerald Hill         (b. 1763 - d. 1839)
 8 Mar 1839 - 22 Apr 1839  John Alexander Mein (1st time)
                             (acting)
24 Mar 1839 - 28 Mar 1839  Sir E.M.M. McGregor
28 Mar 1839 - 13 Apr 1840  John Alexander Mein (1st time)
                             (acting)
13 Apr 1840 - 11 Nov 1840  Sir Henry George Macleod (1st time)
11 Nov 1840 - 14 Dec 1840  Barlow (acting)
14 Dec 1840 - 25 Sep 1841  Tyler (acting)
25 Sep 1841 -  9 May 1842  Sir Charles Chichester (acting)
 9 May 1842 -  8 Feb 1845  Sir Henry George Macleod (2nd time)
 8 Feb 1845 -  2 Jul 1845  E.C. Archer (acting)
 2 Jul 1845 - 26 Apr 1846  Sir Henry George Macleod (3rd time)
26 Apr 1846 - 12 Jun 1851  George Francis Robert Harris,      (b. 1810 - d. 1872)
                             Baron Harris (1st time)
12 Jun 1851 - 25 Feb 1853  Ward (acting)
25 Feb 1853 - 26 Jan 1854  George Francis Robert Harris,      (s.a.)
                             Baron Harris (2nd time)
26 Jan 1854 - 10 MAr 1854  L. Bourchier (acting)
10 Mar 1854 - 27 Oct 1856  Sir Charles Elliot                 (b. 1801 - d. 1875)
27 Oct 1856 - 26 Jan 1857  B. Brooks (acting)
26 Jan 1857 -  7 Apr 1860  Robert William Keate (1st time)    (b. 1814 - d. 1873)
 7 Apr 1860 - 25 Mar 1861  J. Walker (acting)
25 Mar 1861 - May 1861     Holworthy (acting)
May 1861 -  5 Jul 1864     Robert William Keate (2nd time)    (s.a.)
 5 Jul 1864 -  6 Sep 1866  Thompson (acting)
 6 Sep 1864 - 24 Apr 1866  Sir John Henry Thomas Manners-     (b. 1814 - d. 1877)
                             Sutton
24 Apr 1866 -  7 Nov 1866  E.E. Bushworth (acting)
 7 Nov 1866 -  8 Apr 1868  Sir Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon (b. 1829 - d. 1912) 
 8 Apr 1868 - 20 Apr 1868  Bostock (acting)
20 Apr 1868 - 25 Jun 1868  Sir Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon (s.a.)
25 Jun 1868 - 21 Dec 1868  Cornelius Hendricksen Kortright    (b. 1817 - d. 1899)
                             (acting)
21 Dec 1868 - 25 Jun 1870  Sir Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon (s.a.)
25 Jun 1870 - 11 Jul 1872  James Robert Longden (1st time)    (b. 1827 - d. 1891)
11 Jul 1872 - 21 May 1873  W.H. Rennie (acting)
21 May 1873 - 27 Apr 1874  James Robert Longden (2nd time)    (s.a.)
27 Apr 1874 - 27 May 1874  John Scott Bushe (1st time)(acting)(b. 1826 - d. 1887)
 2 May 1874 - 27 May 1874  William Wellington Cairns          (b. 1828 - d. 1888)
27 May 1874 - 20 Nov 1874  John Scott Bushe (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
20 Nov 1874 -  9 Dec 1876  Henry Turner Irving (1st time)     (b. 1833 - d. 1923)
 9 Dec 1876 -  8 Feb 1877  John Scott Bushe (3rd time)(acting)(s.a.)
 8 Feb 1877 -  2 Jan 1878  G.W. Desvoeux (acting) 
 2 Jan 1878 - 1880         Henry Turner Irving (2nd time)     (s.a.)
1880                       William Rowland Pyne (acting)      (b. 1838 - d. ....)
1880                       William A.G. Young (acting)
 2 Nov 1880 - 1884         Sir Sanford Freeling               (b. 1828 - d. 1894)
1884                       John Scott Bushe (3rd time)(acting)(s.a.)
19 Jun 1884 - 1884         Sir Frederick Palgrave Barlee      (b. 1827 - d. 1884)
                             (acting)
1884 - 1885                John Scott Bushe (4th time)(acting)(s.a.)
24 Jan 1885 - 1885         Sir Arthur Elibank Havelock        (b. 1844 - d. 1908)
1885                       David Wilson (acting)
 9 Oct 1885 - 1891         Sir William Robinson               (b. 1836 - d. 1912)
19 Aug 1891 - 1897         Sir Frederick Napier Broome        (b. 1842 - d. 1896)
 2 Jun 1897 -  1 Jan 1899  Sir Hubert Edward Henry Jerningham (b. 1842 - d. 1914)

Commander
1614 (4 months)            Juan Rodriguez 
Dutch Commanders
1628 - 1629                Jacob Maerszoon
1632 - 1634                Cornelis de Moor
1634 -  1 Jan 1637         ....
1637 - 1639                ....
1639 - 1640                Robert Marsham                     (d. 1640)
1654 - 1659                Adrian Lampsius (1st time)
1659 - 1662                ....
1662 - 1667?               Adrian Lampsius (2nd time)
1667 - 1672                Peter Constant (1st time)
1672 - 1676                ....
1676 - 1677                Peter Constant (2nd time)
Courland Governors
1642 - 1643                Edward Marshall
1643 - 1650                Cornelius Caroon
1654                       Adrian Lampsius (1st time)
1654 - 1655?               William Molleyns
1655 - 1658                Hubert de Beveren
1658                       Christopher von Kayserling
 6 Dec 1677 - Jul 1680     Vacant
Jul 1680 - May 1690        ....
Mar 1683 - Jun 1686        Abandoned
1684 - 1762                None
Lieutenant governors
1762 - 12 Nov 1764         ....
12 Nov 1764 - Jul 1766     Alexander Brown                    (d. 1766)
 2 Dec 1766 - 16 Oct 1767  William Hill
16 Oct 1767 - 1769         Roderick Gwynne
1770 - 1771                Robert William Stewart (acting)
1771                       Leybourne
1771 - 1777                William Young                      (d. 1788)
1777 - 1779                Peter Campbell (acting)            (d. 1779)
1779 - 1781                John Graham (acting)
1781 -  2 Jun 1781         George Ferguson
Governors
 2 Jun 1781 - 1784         Philibert François Rouxel de       (b. 1735 - d. 1793) 
                             Blanchelande 
1784 - 1786                René Marie, vicomte d'Arrot
1786 - 1789                Arthur, comte Dillon               (b. 1750 - d. 1794)
1789 - 1792                Antoine de Jobal de Poigny
1792 - 1793                Philippe Marie de Marguenat
1793 - 15 Apr 1793         Laroque de Monteil
15 Apr 1793                Cornelius Cuyler (commander)
Apr 1793 - 1794            William Myers (acting) 
1794 - 1795                George Poyntz Ricketts             (b. 1749 - d. 1800)
1795 - 1796                William Lindsay                    (b. 17.. - d. 1796)
1796 - 1797                James Campbell (acting)
1797 - 1799                Stephan de Lancey                  (b. 17.. - d. 1799)
1799 - 1800                Joseph Robley (1st time) (acting)
1800                       Richard Master                     (b. 17.. - d. 1800)
1800 - 1801                Joseph Robley (2nd time) (acting)
1801 - 1802                Hugh Lyle Carmichael (acting)      (b. 1764 - d. 1813)
 7 Nov 1802 - 26 Dec 1802  Jean Joseph François Léonard       (b. 1756 - d. 1802)
                             de Sahuguet d'Amarzit
1802 - 1803                Magento (acting)
1803 - 30 Jun 1803         Louis César Gabriel Berthier       (b. 1765 - d. 1819)
30 Jun 1803 - Jul 1803     Thomas Picton (acting)
Jul 1803 - Aug 1803        William Johnstone (acting)
Aug 1803 - Jul 1804        Donald MacDonald (acting)          (b. 17.. - d. 1804)
Jul 1804 - 1805            John Halkett                       (b. 1768 - d. 1852)
1805 - 1806                Mitchell (acting)
1806 - 1807                John Balfour (1st time)(acting)
1807 - 1815                Sir William Young                  (b. 1749 - d. 1815)
1815 - 1816                John Balfour (2nd time)(acting)
1816                       John Campbell (acting)
Nov 1816 - Sep 1828        Sir Frederick Philipse Robinson    (b. 1763 - d. 1862)
1828 - 1833                Nathaniel Blackwell
1833                       Alexander Gardner (acting)
1833                       Sir Lionel Smith
1833 - 1836                Henry Charles Darling (1st time)   (b. 1780 - d. 1845)
                             (lieutenant governor)
1836 - 1842                Sir E.M. McGregor
1842                       Scott (1st time)(acting)
1842                       Sir Charles Grey
1842 - 1845                Henry Charles Darling (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                             (lieutenant governor)
1845                       Scott (2nd time)(acting)
1845                       Yeates (acting)
1845 - 1846                Laurence Graeme (1st time)         (d. 1850) 
                             (lieutenant governor)
1846 - 1848                William Reid
1848 - 1849                Sir W.M. Colebroke
1849 - 1850                Henry Yates (1st time)(acting) 
1850                       Laurence Graeme (2nd time)         (s.a.) 
                             (lieutenant governor)
1850 - 1851                Henry Yates (2nd time)(acting) 
16 Apr 1851 - 26 Jun 1851  David Robert Ross                  (d. 1851)
                             (lieutenant governor)
1851 - 1852                Henry Yates (3rd time)(acting) 
1852                       Dominick Daly (lieutenant governor)(b. 1798 - d. 1868)
1852 - Feb 1854            Henry Yates (4th time)(acting)
Feb 1854 - 1856            Willoughby J. Shortland            (b. 1804 - d. 1869)
1856                       Francis Hincks                     (b. 1807 - d. 1885)
1856                       James Kirk (acting)
1856                       James Henry Keens (acting)
1856 - 1860                James Vickery Drysdale (1st time)
1860                       E.D. Baynes (acting)
1860 - 1864                James Vickery Drysdale (2nd time)
1864 - 1872                Cornelius Hendricksen Kortright    (b. 1817 - d. 1899)
                             (acting to 1865)
1872 - 1875                Herbert Taylor Ussher              (b. 1836 - d. 1880)
1875 - 1877                Robert William Harley 
 1 Nov 1877 - 1880         Augustus Fredrick Gore             (b. 1826 - d. 188
1880 - 1882                Edward Laborde
1882 - 1883                .... (acting)
1883 - 1884                John Worrell Carrington            (b. 1847 - d. 1913)
1884 - 1885                .... (acting)
1885                       Lorraine Gudded Hay (1st time)
1885 - 1888                Robert Baxter Llewellyn            (b. 1845 - d. 1919)
1888 - 1892                Lorraine Gudded Hay (2nd time)
                             (from 1889 commissioner)
1892                       Thomas Crossley Rayner (acting)    (b. 1860 - d. 1914)
1892 - 1893                William Low (1st time)
1893                       H.H. Sealy (acting)
1893 - 1897                William Low (2nd time)
1897                       S.W. Snaggs
1897 -  1 Jan 1899         J.C. O'Halloran
Wardens
1889 - 1926                ....
1926 - 1937                Henry Meaden                       (b. 1882 - d. 19..)
1937 - 19..                ....
Commissioners for Tobago Affairs
19.. - 1960                ....
Ministers for Tobago Affairs
1960 - 1980                ....
Chairmen of the House of Assembly
Dec 1980 - 16 Dec 1986     Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson   (b. 1926)           DAC;1986 NAR
16 Dec 1986 - 31 Oct 1989  Jefferson "Jeff" Davidson                               NAR
 1 Nov 1989 - Dec 1996     Lennox Denoon                      (b. 1929? - d. 2007) NAR
Chief Secretaries of the House of Assembly
Dec 1996 - 31 Jan 2001     Hochoy Charles                                          NAR 
 1 Feb 2001 -              Orville Delano London              (b. 1945)            PNM

Party abbreviations: DAC = Democratic Action Congress (autonomist, merged into NAR 1986-2004); NAR = National Alliance for Reconstruction (A.N.R. Robinson personalist, aimed at Trinidadians of Black [and to 1988 Indian descent); PNM = People's National Movement (conservative, mainly ethnic Black, est.1956)

 1 Jan 1899                Trinidad and Tobago united.
 3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962  Part of the Federation of the West Indies.
31 Aug 1962                Independence
 1 Aug 1976                Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

Governors
 1 Jan 1899 - 1900         Sir Hubert Edward Henry Jerningham   (s.a.)
 4 Dec 1900 - 1904         Sir Cornelius Alfred Moloney         (b. 1848 - d. 1913)
30 Aug 1904 - 29 Aug 1908  Sir Henry Moore Jackson              (b. 1849 - d. 1908)
11 May 1909 -  Jan 1916    Sir George Ruthven Le Hunte          (b. 1852 - d. 1925)
 1 Jun 1916 - 1921         Sir John Robert Chancellor           (b. 1870 - d. 1952)
 1 Jan 1922 - 1924         Sir Samuel Herbert Wilson            (b. 1873 - d. 1950)
Aug 1924 - 1924            Sir Thomas Alexander Best (acting)   (b. 1870 - d. 1941)
22 Nov 1924 - 1930         Sir Horace Archer Byatt              (b. 1875 - d. 1933)
22 Mar 1930 - 1936         Sir Alfred Claud Hollis              (b. 1874 - d. 1961)
17 Sep 1936 - 1938         Sir Arthur George Murchison Fletcher (b. 1878 - d. 1954)
 8 Jul 1938 - 1942         Sir Hubert Winthrop Young            (b. 1885 - d. 1950)
 8 Jun 1942 - 1947         Sir Bede Edmund Hugh Clifford        (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
 7 Mar 1947 - 1950         Sir John Valentine Wistar Shaw       (b. 1894 - d. 1982)
19 Apr 1950 - 1955         Sir Hubert Elvin Rance               (b. 1898 - d. 1974)
23 Jun 1955 - 1960         Sir Edward Betham Beetham            (b. 1905 - d. 1979)
 4 Jul 1960 - 31 Aug 1962  Sir Solomon Hochoy                   (b. 1905 - d. 1983)
Queen¹
31 Aug 1962 -  1 Aug 1976  the Queen of the United Kingdom
Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)
31 Aug 1962 - 15 Sep 1972  Sir Solomon Hochoy                   (s.a.)
15 Sep 1972 -  1 Aug 1976  Sir Ellis Emmanuel Innocent Clarke   (b. 1917)
Presidents
 1 Aug 1976 - 13 Mar 1987  Ellis Emmanuel Innocent Clarke       (s.a.)           PNM/Non-party
                             (acting to 28 Jan 1977) 
13 Mar 1987 - 19 Mar 1987  Michael J. Williams (acting)                              NAR
19 Mar 1987 - 19 Mar 1997  Noor Mohamed Hassanali               (b. 1918 - d. 2006)  Non-party
19 Mar 1997 - 17 Mar 2003  Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson     (b. 1926)        NAR/Non-party
17 Mar 2003 -              George Maxwell Richards              (b. 1931)        PNM/Non-party

Chief minister
28 Oct 1956 -  9 Jul 1959  Eric Eustace Williams                (b. 1911 - d. 1981)  PNM
Premier
 9 Jul 1959 - Dec 1961     Eric Eustace Williams                (s.a.)               PNM
Prime ministers
Dec 1961 - 29 Mar 1981     Eric Eustace Williams                (s.a.)               PNM
30 Mar 1981 - 18 Dec 1986  George Michael Chambers              (b. 1928 - d. 1997)  PNM
18 Dec 1986 - 17 Dec 1991  Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson     (s.a.)               NAR
17 Dec 1991 -  9 Nov 1995  Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning      (b. 1946)            PNM
                             (1st time) 
 9 Nov 1995 - 24 Dec 2001  Basdeo Panday                        (b. 1933)            UNC
24 Dec 2001 -              Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning      (s.a.)               PNM
                             (2nd time) 

  ¹The style of the ruler to 1 Aug 1976: "By the Grace of God, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth."

Territorial Disputes: In Apr 2006, the Permanent Court of Arbitration issued a decision that delimited a maritime boundary with Trinidad and Tobago and compelled Barbados to enter a fishing agreement that limited Barbadian fishermen's catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration under UNCLOS challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to include itself in the arbitration as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may extend into its waters as well.

Party abbreviations: NAR = National Alliance for Reconstruction (A.N.R. Robinson personalist, aimed at Trinidadians of Black [and to 1988 Indian descent]); PNM = People's National Movement (conservative, mainly ethnic Black, est.1956); UNC = United National Congress (centerist, 
social-democratic, mainly ethnic East Indian)

                     3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962
 

Map of the West Indies Federation	Hear National Anthem  "God Save the Queen"	Text of National Anthem	British Caribbean Fed. Act (3 Jan 1958)
Capital: Port-of-Spain (future capital  Chaguaramas)	Currency 1951-1962: British West Indies Dollar (XBWD)	National Holidays: 3 Jan (1958) Inception of the Federation ------------------------- 23 Feb (1958) Federation Day	Population: 3,117,300 (1960)
GDP: N/A	Exports: $580.6 million (1960) Imports: $474.4 million (1960)	Ethnic groups: Black, White, Indo-Paskistani,  Carib, other
Total Armed Forces: N/A Defense was the Responsibility of U.K.		Religions: mostly Protestant, some Catholic, Hindu
International Organizations/Treaties: IOC, UPU

 3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962  Federation of the West Indies (Antigua, Barbados,
                             Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica,
                             Montserrat, St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, St. Lucia,
                             St. Vincent, and Turks and Caicos Islands)
                            (less commonly referred to as British Caribbean Federation).

Governor-general
 3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962  Patrick George Thomas              (b. 1901 - d. 1974)
                             Buchan-Hepburn, Baron Hailes 

Prime minister
18 Apr 1958 - 31 May 1962  Sir Grantley Herbert Adams         (b. 1898 - d. 1971)  WIFLP

Party abbreviations: WIFLP = West Indian Federation Labour Party (social-democratic, urban);
DLP = Democratic Labor Party (conservative, rural)