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![[Spanish War Ensign
(1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif)
![[Venezuela Flag of Junta of
Defense 1810-1811]](ve_1810a.gif)
![[Venezuela flag
1811-1812,1813-1814]](ve_1811.jpg)
![[Flag
of Venezuela 1817-1819]](co_1819e.gif)
![[Great
Colombia Federal Republic
(1819-1834)]](co_1819.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag
1830-1836]](ve_h1830.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag
1836-1863]](ve-1836.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag 1859]](ve_1859.gif)
![[Venezuela civil ensign
1863-1905]](ve-6.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag
1905-1930]](ve_1905.gif)
![[Venezuela state flag
1930-2006]](ve_p06s.gif)
![[Venezuela
state flag]](ve.gif)
Governors
17 Nov 1527 - 24 Feb 1529 Juan Martínez de
Ampíes
24 Feb 1529 - Aug 1529 Ambrosio
de Alfinger (1st time) (b. c.1500
- d. 1533)
(Ambrosius Dalfigner)
Aug 1529 - 18 Apr 1530 Luis Sarmiento
(acting)
18 Apr 1530 - 3 May 1530 Hans
Seissenhoffer ("Juan Alemán")
(d. 1532)
(acting)
3 May 1530 - 1 Aug 1530
Ambrosio de Alfinger (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1 Aug 1530 - 12 Sep 1530 Nicolás
Federman (acting)
(b. 1506 - d. 1542)
(Nicolaus
Federmann der Jüngere)
27 Jan 1531 - 12 Jun 1531 Ambrosio de
Alfinger (3rd time) (s.a.)
12 Jun 1531 - 2 Nov 1533 Bartolomé
de Santillana (acting)
2 Nov 1533 - 1534
Francisco Gallegos
+ Pedro de San
Martín
(alcaldes)
1534 - 1 Jan 1535
Rodrigo de Bastidas (1st time)
(interim)
1 Jan 1535 - 6 Feb 1535 Alonso
Vásquez de Acuña (acting)
6 Feb 1535 - 11 Jun 1540 Jorge de Espira
(b. 1500? - d. 1540)
(Georg
Hohermuth von Speyer)
1535 - 1 Jan 1537
Francisco Venegas
(acting
for Espira)
1 Jan 1537 - 6 Jul 1537 Pedro de Cuevas
(acting for Espira)
6 Jul 1637 - 27 May 1538 Antonio Navarro
(acting for Espira)
1539 - 7 Dec 1540 Juan
de Villegas
(acting
for Espira to 11 Jun 1540)
7 Dec 1540 - 2 Jan 1542 Rodrigo de
Bastidas (2nd time)
(interim)
2 Jan 1542 - 1543?
Diego de Buiza (acting)
Jan? 1543 - Sep 1544
Enrique Rembold (Heinrich Remboldt)
(acting)
Sep 1544 - 1 Jan 1545
Bernardino Manso
+ Juan de
Bonilla
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1545 - Jan? 1546
Juan de Carvajal (interim)
Jan? 1546 - 9 Jun 1546 Juan de
Frías (acting)
9 Jun 1546 - Dec 1548
Juan Pérez de Tolosa
(d. 1550)
Dec 1548 - 14 Jul 1549 Alcaldes
14 Jul 1549 - 12 Jun 1553 Juan de
Villegas Maldonaldo (d.
1553?)
(interim)
12 Jun 1553 - 1557
Alonso Arias
de Villasinda
1557 - 7 Jun 1558
Alcaldes
7 Jun 1558 - 2 Aug 1559 Gutiérrez
de la Peña Langayo
(interim)
2 Aug 1559 - Nov 1561
Pablo Collado
Nov 1561 - 3 Sep 1562
Alonso Bernáldez de Quirós
(1st
time)
3 Sep 1562 - 23 Jun 1563 Alonso
Pérez de Manzanedo (d.
1563)
23 Jun 1563 - 1 Jan 1564 Alcaldes
1 Jan 1564 - 12 May 1566 Alonso
Bernáldez de Quirós
(2nd
time)(acting)
12 May 1566 - 23 May 1569 Pedro Ponce de
León y Riquelme
(d. 1584)
23 May 1569 - 20 Dec 1569 Alcaldes
20 Dec 1569 - 5 Dec 1570 Francisco
Hernández de Cháves
(interim)
5 Dec 1570 - Mar/Apr 1576 Diego de
Mazariegos
Mar/Apr 1576 - 8 May 1576
Alcaldes
8 May 1576 - 10 Nov 1583 Juan de
Pimentel
10 Nov 1583 - Nov 1589
Luis Rojas y Mendoza
Nov 1589 - 13 Jun 1596 Diego
de Osorio
13 Jun 1596 - 7 Apr 1597 Alcaldes
7 Apr 1597 - 15 Apr 1600 Gonzalo de
Piña y Ludueña (b.
1545 - d. 1600)
15 Apr 1600 - 18 Sep 1600 Diego Vásquez
de Escobedo
+ Juan Martínez
de
Villela
(alcaldes)
18 Sep 1600 - Jul? 1602 Alonso Arias
Vaca (interim)
Jul? 1602 - 6? Jul 1603 Alonso
Suárez del Castillo
6 Jul 1603 - 27 Oct 1603 Tomás
de Aguirre y Gresala
+ Rodrigo de
León
(alcaldes)
27 Oct 1603 - 7 Feb 1606 Francisco Mejía de
Godoy
7 Feb 1606 - 1 Jun 1611 Sancho
de Alquiza
1 Jun 1611 - 15 Jun 1616 García Girón
de Loayza
15 Jun 1616 - 14 Jul 1621 Francisco de la
Hoz Berrío
14 Jul 1621 - 10 Apr 1623 Juan Tribiño
Guillamas (d.
1623)
10 Apr 1623 - 12 Sep 1623 Alonso Félix
de Aguilar (1st time)
+ Alonso Rodríguez
Santos (1st time)
(alcaldes)
12 Sep 1623 - 31 Dec 1623 Diego Gil de la Sierpa
(interim)
31 Dec 1623 - 30 May 1624 Alonso Félix
de Aguilar (2nd time)
+ Alonso
Rodríguez Santos (2nd time)
(to 1
Jan 1624)
+ Nicolás
de Peñalosa
(from 1
Jan 1624)
(alcaldes)
30 May 1624 - 19 Jun 1630 Juan Manuel de
Meneses y Padilla, (b.
c.1595 - d. 1645)
marqués de Marianela
19 Jun 1630 - 28 Oct 1637 Pedro Núñez
Meleán
28 Oct 1637 - 29 Feb 1644 Ruy Fernández de
Fuenmayor
29 Feb 1644 - 24 Apr 1649 Marcos Gedler
Calatayud y Toledo
24 Apr 1649 - 14 Jul 1651 Pedro de León
Villarroel (d. 1651)
Alcaldes
14 Jul 1651 - 1 Jan 1652 Bernabé Loreto de
Silva
+ Juan del
Corro
1 Jan 1652 - 13 May
1652 Agustín Gutiérrez de Lugo
+ Tomás de Aguirre
y Gresala
13 May 1652 - 29? Dec 1653 Diego Francisco de
Quero y Figueroa
(acting)
29? Dec 1653 - 1 Jan 1654 Gonzalo de los
Ríos Almendáriz
+ Melchor de la
Riva Herrera
1 Jan 1654 - 14 Jun 1654 Luis Arias
Altamirano
+ Pedro Hurtado
de Monasterios
Governors
14 Jun 1654 - 20 Oct 1655 Martín de Robles
Villafañe (d. 1655)
20 Oct 1655 - 1 Jan 1656 Lorenzo de
Ponte
+ Juan Sáenz
de
la Varguilla
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1656 - 15 May 1656 Lázaro
Vásquez de Rojas
+ Ortuño
de Tovar Bañes
(alcaldes)
15 May 1656 - 22 Jul 1656 Rodrigo de Bastidas y Peñalosa
22 Jul 1656 - 25 Jul 1658 Andrés de Vera y Moscoso
(interim)
25 Jul 1658 - 20 Dec 1664 Pedro de Porres
Toledo y
Vosmediana, conde de Dabois,
vizconde
de Booyo
20 Dec 1664 - 9 Oct 1669 Félix
Garci-González de León
9 Oct 1669 - 11 Sep 1673 Fernando de
Villegas
11 Sep 1673 - 13 Sep 1674 Francisco Dávila
Orejón y Gastón (d. 1674)
13 Sep 1674 - 1 Jan 1675 Pedro Jaspe
de Montenegro
+ Diego Fernández
de Araujo
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1675 - 1 Jan 1677 Manuel Felipe
de Tovar Bañes
+ Domingo
Galindo y Sayas
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1677 - 13 Jul 1677 Pedro Ruiz de
Arguinzonis y Laris
(from 10 Jan
1677)
+ Nuño Rodríguez
de Freitas
(alcaldes)
13 Jul 1677 - 22 Dec 1682 Francisco de Alberró
22 Dec 1682 - 19 Mar 1688 Diego de Melo
Maldonaldo
19 Mar 1688 - 19 May 1692 Diego Jiménez de
Enziso, marqués (b. 1658 - d. ....)
de Casal de los Griegos
19 May 1692 - 23 Dec 1693 Diego Bartolomé
Bravo de Anaya
23 Dec 1693 - 9 Apr 1699 Francisco de
Berrotarán y Gainza (b. c.1661 - d. 1713)
(1st time)
9 Apr 1699 - 17 Nov 1704 Nicolás
Eugenio de Ponte y Hoyo (b. 1667 - d. 1705)
17 Nov 1704 - 21 Nov 1704 Felipe Rodríguez
de la Madríz
+ Francisco
Alonso Gil
(alcaldes)
21 Nov 1705 - 8 May 1706 Francisco de
Berrotarán y Gainza, (s.a.)
marqués del Valle de Santiago
(2nd time)(interim)
8 May 1706 - 6 Jul 1711
Fernando de Rojas y Mendoza
(d. 1711)
6 Jul 1711 - 22 Sep 1714 José
Francisco de Cañas y Merino (b. 1671 - d. 17..)
22 Sep 1714 - 1 Jan 1715 Antonio de
Ascanio
+ Juan Luis
Arias Altamirano y Aragón
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1715 - 13 Jan 1715 Francisco Felipe de
Solórzano,
marqués
de Mijares
+ Juan Julián
de Ibarra
(alcaldes)
13 Jan 1715 - 4 Jul 1716 Alberto Bertodano y
Navarra (interim)
4 Jul 1716 - 7 Nov 1720 Marcos
Francisco de Betancourt y
Castro
7 Nov 1720 - 1 Jan 1721 Antonio Blanco
Infante (1st time)
+ Mateo Gedler
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1721 - 4 May 1721 Alejandro
Blanco de Villegas
+ Juan de
Bolívar y Villegas
(alcaldes)
4 May 1721 - 11 Dec 1721 Antonio José
Álvarez de Abreu,
marqués
de Regalia (acting)
11 Dec 1721 - 21 Mar 1723 Diego de
Portales y Meneses
(1st time)
21 Mar 1723 - Nov 1723 Miguel de Ascanio
+ Juan
Blanco Infante (2nd time)
Nov 1723 - 24 Feb 1724 Diego
de Portales y Meneses
(2nd time)
24 Feb 1724 - 1 Jan 1725 Francisco
Carlos de Herrera
+ Ruy Fernández de Fuenmayor
(alcaldes)
1 Jan 1725 - 25 Jun 1726 Gerónimo de Rada
+ Miguel Rengifo Pimentel
(alcaldes)
25 Jun 1726 - 15 Jul 1726 Domingo Antonio de Tovar
+ Diego Antonio de Liendo y Blanco
(alcaldes)
15 Jul 1726 - 29 Jun 1728 Diego de Portales
y Meneses
(3rd
time)
29 Jun 1728 - 31 Aug 1730 Lope Carrillo de
Andrade Sotomayor
y Pimentel
31 Aug 1730 - 15 Dec 1732 Sebastián García
de la Torre
15 Dec 1732 - 6 Oct 1737 Martín de
Lardizábal y Elorza
6 Oct 1737 - 12 Jun 1747 Gabriel José
de Zuloaga y Moyúa, (d. 1764)
conde de al Torre Alta
12 Jun 1747 - 1 Dec 1749 Luis
Francisco de Castellanos
1 Dec 1749 - 22 Jun 1751 Julián de
Arriaga y Rivera
22 Jun 1751 - 9 Sep 1757 Felipe
Ricardos
9 Sep 1757 - 12 Nov 1763 Felipe
Ramírez de Estenos
12 Nov 1763 - 4 Apr 1771 José Solano
y Bote,
(b. 1726 - d. 1806)
marqués del Socorro
4 Apr 1771 - 21 Oct 1771 Felipe de
Font de Viela y Ondiano,
marqués de la Torre
21 Oct 1771 - 25 Feb 1772 Francisco de Arce
25 Feb 1772 - 17 Jun 1777 José Carlos de
Agüero
17 Jun 1777 - 8 Sep 1777 Luis de
Unzaga y Amézaga
(b. 1721 - d. 1790)
Governors and Captains-general
8 Sep 1777 - 10 Dec 1782 Luis de Unzaga y
Amézaga
(s.a.)
10 Dec 1782 - 24 Dec 1782 Pedro de Nava
(acting)
24 Dec 1782 - 14 Feb 1786 Manuel González
de Aguilar Torres
de
Navarra
14 Feb 1786 - 1 Oct 1792 Juan José
de Guillelmi y Andrada- (b. 1744 - d. 18..)
Vanderwilde
1 Oct 1792 - 10 Jan 1799 Pedro
Carbonell Pinto Vigo y
Correa
10 Jan 1799 - 6 Apr 1799 Joaquín de
Subillaga (acting)
6 Apr 1799 - 9 Oct 1807 Manuel
de Guevara y Vasconcelos (b.
1740 - d. 1807)
9 Oct 1807 - 19 May 1809 Juan de
Casas y Barrera (acting) (b. 1740 - d. 18..)
19 May 1809 - 19 Apr 1810 Vicente de
Emparan y Orbe
(b. 1747 - d. 1820)
19 Apr 1810 - 22 Jun 1812 Fernando Miyares
y Gonzáles (b.
1749 - d. 1818)
3 Sep 1812 - 28 Dec 1813 Juan Domingo
de
Monteverde
(b. 1772 - d. 1832)
28 Dec 1813 - 14 Aug 1814 Juan Manuel
Cajigal y Niño (b. 1754
- d. 1823)
14 Aug 1814 - 1 Dec 1814 José Tomás
Boves Rodríguez
(b. 1782 - d. 1814)
1 Dec 1815 - 1 Dec 1820 Pablo Morillo
y Morillo
(b. 1775 - d. 1837)
1 Dec 1820 - 24 Jun 1821 Miguel de La
Torre y Pando
(b. 1786 - d. 1843)
24 Jun 1821 - 3 Aug 1823 Francisco
Tomás Morales (nominal) (b. 1791 - d.
1844)
Presidents of Junta in Defense of the Rule of Fernando
VII (later, Revolutionary Junta)
19 Apr 1810 - Aug 1810
José de las Llamosas
Aug 1810 - 2 Mar
1811 Martín Tovar Ponte
(b.
1772 - d. 1843)
President of the General Congress of the United
Provinces of Venezuela
2 Mar 1811 - 28 Mar 1811 Felipe Fermín
Paúl
(b. 1777 - d. 1843)
Supreme Executive Power (president rotating
weekly)
28 Mar 1811 - 3 Apr 1812 First
Triumvirate¹
- José Cristóbal Hurtado
de (b. 1772 -
d. 1829)
Mendoza y Montilla
- Juan de Escalona y Ruiz
de (b. 1768 - d.
1833)
Arguinzones
- Baltasar
Padrón
(b. 17.. - d. 1817)
3 Apr 1812 - 19 May 1812 Second
Triumvirate (provisional)
(continuing nominally to 25 Jul 1812)
- Francisco Javier Mayz y Márquez (b. 1766 - d.
1833)
de Valenzuela (to Apr 1812)
- Fernando Rodríguez del Toro e (b.
1772 - d. 1822)
Ibarra (from Apr 1812)
- Juan Germán Roscio
Nieves (b.
1763 - d. 1821)
(from Apr 1812)
- Francisco Javier de Ustáriz y (b.
1772 - d. 1814)
Mijares de Solórzano
- Francisco Silvestre
Espejo (b. 1758 - d.
1814)
Caamaño
Generals-in-Chief
19 May 1812 - 25 Jul 1812 Sebastián Francisco de
Miranda y (b. 1750 - d. 1816)
Rodríguez
8 Aug 1813 - 14 Oct 1813 Simón José
Antonio de la Santísima (b. 1783 - d. 1830)
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
Liberator
14 Oct 1813 - 8 Sep 1814 Simón José
Antonio de la Santísima (s.a.)
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
Supreme Chief
7 May 1816 - 15 Feb 1819 Simón José
Antonio de la Santísima (s.a.)
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
9 May 1817 - 31 May 1817 Abortive
attempt at restoring the
United States of Venezuela and its
Supreme Executive Power
- Francisco
Javier Mayz
y
(s.a.)
Márquez de Valenzuela
- Juan Francisco
Antonio
(b. 1766 - d. 1822)
Hilarión Zea y Díaz
(alternate to Bolívar [s.a.], who did not accept office)
- José Joaquín Cortés
de
(b. 1766 - d. 1826)
Madariaga y Lecuna
(alternate to del Toro [s.a.], who did not take office)
Presidents
15 Feb
1819
Francisco Antonio Hilarión Zea y (s.a.)
Díaz (acting)
15 Feb 1819 - 17 Dec 1819 Simón José Antonio de
la Santísima
(s.a.)
Mil
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
(acting to 17 Feb 1819)
13 Jan 1830 - 20 Jan 1835 José Antonio Páez
Herrera
(b. 1790 - d. 1873) PC
(1st time)(Chief of State to 27 May 1830,
President of the State to 11 Apr 1831)
20 Jan 1835 - 9 Feb 1835 Andrés Narvarte
Pimentel (1st time)(b. 1781 - d. 1853) PC
(acting)
9 Feb 1835 - 8 Jul 1835 José María
de los Dolores Vargas (b. 1786 - d.
1854) PC
Ponce (1st time)
8 Jul 1835 - 13 Jul 1835 Pedro Briceño
Méndez (provisional) (b. 1792 - d. 1835) PC
13 Jul 1835 - 28 Jul 1835 Santiago Mariño
Carige
(b. 1788 - d. 1854) PC
(Superior Chief of State)
28 Jul 1835 - 20 Aug 1835 José María Carreño
Blanco
(b. 1792 - d. 1849) PC
(1st time) (acting)
20 Aug 1835 - 24 Apr 1836 José María de los
Dolores Vargas
(s.a.)
PC
Ponce (2nd time)
24 Apr 1836 - 20 Jan 1837 Andrés Narvarte
Pimentel
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time) (acting)
20 Jan 1837 - 11 Mar 1837 José María Carreño
Blanco
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time) (acting)
11 Mar 1837 - 1 Feb 1839 Carlos Valentín
José de la Soledad (b. 1789 - d. 1870) PC
Antonio del Sacramento Soublette
y Jerez de Aristeguieta
(1st time) (acting)
1 Feb 1839 - 20 Jan 1843 José Antonio Páez
Herrera
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time)
20 Jan 1843 - 28 Jan 1843 Santos Michelena y
Rojas Queipo (b. 1797 - d. 1848)
PC
(acting)
28 Jan 1843 - 20 Jan 1847 Carlos Valentín José
de la Soledad
(s.a.)
PC
Antonio del Sacramento Soublette
y Jerez de Aristeguieta
(acting) (2nd time)
20 Jan 1847 - 1 Mar 1847 Diego Bautista
García de Urbaneja (b. 1782 - d. 1856) PC
y Sturdy (acting)
1 Mar 1847 - 20 Jan 1851 José Tadeo
Monagas
Burgos
(b. 1784 - d. 1868) PC
(1st time)
20 Jan 1851 - 5 Feb 1851 Antonio Leocadio
Guzmán García (b. 1801 - d.
1884)
(acting)
5 Feb 1851 - 20 Jan 1855 José Gregorio
Monagas Burgos (b.
1795 - d. 1858) PC
20 Jan 1855 - 31 Jan 1855 Joaquín Herrera y
Valdés (acting) (b. 1813 - d. 1884)
31 Jan 1855 - 15 Mar 1858 José Tadeo Monagas
Burgos
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time)
15 Mar 1858 - 18 Mar 1858 Pedro José Ramón Gual
Escandón (b. 1783 - d.
1862) Cen
(1st time)(President of Provisional Government)
18 Mar 1858 - 2 Aug 1859 Julián Castro
Contreras
(b. 1805 - d. 1875) Cen
(Supreme Chief of Liberating Army to 26 Jul 1858,
Provisional Chief of State 26 Jul 1858 - 5 Jan 1859,
then interim president)
1 Aug 1859 -
1859
Juan Crisóstomo Falcón y Zavarce (b. 1820 -
d. 1870) Fed
(1st time)(Supreme Chief, in rebellion)
2 Aug 1859 - 29 Sep 1859 Pedro José Ramón
Gual Escandón
(s.a.)
Cen
(2nd time) (acting)
29 Sep 1859 - 20 May 1861 Manuel Felipe de Tovar
y de Tovar (b. 1803 - d. 1866) Cen
(acting; interim to 12 Apr 1860)
21 May 1861 - 10 Sep 1861 Pedro José Gual
Escandón (3rd
time)(s.a.)
Cen
(acting)
10 Sep 1861 - 17 Jun 1863 José Antonio Páez
Herrera
(s.a.)
Fed
(Supreme Chief) (3rd time)
17 Jun 1863 - 24 Jul 1863 Antonio Leocadio
Guzmán Blanco (b. 1829 - d.
1899) Fed
(1st time) (acting)
24 Jul 1863 - 18 Mar 1865 Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
y Zavarce
(s.a.)
Fed
(2nd time)(provisional [in rebellion from 22 May 1863])
18 Mar 1865 - 7 Jun 1865 Antonio Leocadio
Guzmán Blanco
(s.a.)
Fed
(2nd time) (acting)
7 Jun 1865 - 27 Jun 1868 Juan Crisóstomo
Falcón y Zavarce
(s.a.)
Fed
(3rd time)
27 Jun 1868 - 28 Jun 1868 José Tadeo Monagas
Burgos (s.a.)
Mil
(3rd
time)(General-in-Chief of Armies of the
Revolution)
28 Jun 1868 - 8 Mar 1869 Guillermo Tell
Villegas (1st time) (b. 1823 - d. 1907) PL
(president of the National Executive;
acting president from 22 Feb 1869)
8 Mar 1869 - 20 Mar 1870 José Ruperto
Saturnino Monagas (b. 1831 - d.
1880) Uni
Oriach (acting)
20 Mar 1870 - 11 Apr 1870 Juan Vicente González
Delgado (b. 1825 - d.
1902)
(acting)
11 Apr 1870 - 27 Apr 1870 Esteban de Palacios y
Vegas (b. 1835
- d. 1876)
(acting)
27 Apr 1870 - 20 Feb 1877 Antonio Leocadio
Guzmán Blanco
(s.a.)
PL
(3rd time)(General-in-Chief to 22 Jul 1870,
provisional to 27 Apr 1873)
21 Feb 1877 - 2 Mar 1877 Jacinto Gutiérrez
y Martínez de (b. 1808 - d.
1884) PL
Alemán (1st time) (acting)
2 Mar 1877 - 30 Nov 1878 Francisco de
Paula
Linares
(b. 1825 - d. 1878) PL
Alcántara
30 Nov 1878 - 1 Jan 1879 Jacinto Gutiérrez
y Martínez de
(s.a.)
PL
Alemán (2nd time) (acting)
1 Jan 1879 - 13 Feb 1879 José Gregorio
Valera Linares
PL
(acting)
13 Feb 1879 - 26 Feb 1879 José Gregorio
Cedeño
(b. 1830 - d. 1891) PL
(Supreme Chief [in rebellion from 29 Dec 1878])
26 Feb 1879 - 8 May 1879 Antonio Leocadio
Guzmán Blanco
(s.a.)
PL
(4th time)(Supreme Director)
8 May 1879 - 12 May 1879 José Rafael
Pacheco Rodríguez (b. 1829
- d. 1884) PL
(acting)
12 May 1879 - 27 Apr 1884 Antonio Leocadio
Guzmán Blanco
(s.a.)
PL
(5th time)(provisional to 17 Mar 1880)
27 Apr 1884 - 27 Apr 1886 Joaquín Sinforiano de
Jesús Crespo (b. 1841 - d. 1898) PL
Torres (1st time)
27 Apr 1886 - 15 Sep 1886 Manuel Antonio Díez y
López de (b. 1838 - d.
1916) PL
Umérez (acting)
15 Sep 1886 - 5 Jul 1888 Antonio Leocadio
Guzmán Blanco
(s.a.)
PL
(6th time)
5 Jul 1888 - 19 Mar 1890 Juan Pablo Rojas
Paúl
(b. 1826 - d. 1905) PL
19 Mar 1890 - 17 Jun 1892 Raimundo Ignacio
Andueza Palacio (b. 1846 - d.
1900) PL
17 Jun 1892 - 2 Sep 1892 Guillermo Tell
Villegas (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PL
(acting)
2 Sep 1892 - 6 Oct 1892 Guillermo
Tell Villegas Pulido (b. 1854 -
d. 1949) PL
(acting)
7 Oct 1892 - 28 Feb 1894 Joaquín
Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo
(s.a.)
PL
Torres (2nd time)
(acting Chief to 15 Jun 1893, then provisional)
28 Feb 1894 - 14 Mar 1894 Manuel Guzmán Álvarez
(1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1912) PL
(acting)
14 Mar 1894 - 20 Feb 1898 Joaquín Sinforiano de
Jesús Crespo
(s.a.)
PL
Torres (3rd time)
20 Feb 1898 - 28 Feb 1898 Manuel Guzmán Álvarez
(2nd time) (s.a.)
PL
(acting)
28 Feb 1898 - 20 Oct 1899 Ignacio Andrade
Troconis
(b. 1839 - d. 1925) PL
20 Oct 1899 - 23 Oct 1899 Víctor Rodríguez
Párraga (acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1918)
23 Oct 1899 - 11 Aug 1909 José Cipriano Castro
Ruiz
(b. 1858 - d. 1924) PLR
(Supreme Chief to 9 Mar 1901;
provisional president 9 Mar 1901 - 20 Feb 1902
and 6 May 1904 - 10 Jun 1905)
17 Feb 1909 - 19 Apr 1910 Juan Vicente Gómez
Chacón
(b. 1857 - d. 1935) PLR
(1st time)(provisional; acting
for suspended Castro to 11 Aug 1909)
19 Apr 1910 - 29 Apr 1910 Emilio Constantino
Guerrero (b.
1866 - d. 1920) Non-party
Guerrero (acting)
29 Apr 1910 - 3 Jun 1910 Jesús Ramón Ayala
(acting) (b. c.1842 - d.
1920)
3 Jun 1910 - 19 Apr 1914 Juan Vicente
Gómez
Chacón
(s.a.)
PLR
(2nd time)
19 Apr 1914 - 24 Jun 1922 Victorino Márquez
Bustillos (b.
1858 - d. 1941) PLR
(provisional)
24 Jun 1922 - 19 Apr 1929 Juan Vicente Gómez
Chacón
(s.a.)
PLR
(3rd time)
19 Apr 1929 - 13 Jun 1931 Juan Bautista
Pérez
(b. 1869 - d. 1952) PD
(acting to 31 May 1929)
13 Jun 1931 - 13 Jul 1931 Pedro Itriago Chacín
(acting) (b. 1875 - d.
1936) PLR
13 Jul 1931 - 17 Dec 1935 Juan Vicente Gómez
Chacón
(s.a.)
PLR
(4th time)
17 Dec 1935 - 18 Dec 1935 Cabinet ministers
- Pedro Rafael
Tinoco Smith (b. 1887 - d.
1966)
-
Pedro Itriago Chacín
(s.a.)
- José
Eleazar López Contreras
(b. 1883 - d. 1973) Mil
- Efraín
González Cárdenas (b. 1880 -
d. 1969)
- Rafael
Cayama Martínez (b.
1868 - d. 1944)
- Antonio
Díaz González
- Rafael
González Rincones (b. 1885 -
d. 1958)
- Henrique
Toledo Trujillo (b. 1885 -
d. 1986)
18 Dec 1935 - 19 Apr 1936 José Eleazar López
Contreras (s.a.)
Mil
(1st time)(acting to 31 Dec 1935)
19 Apr 1936 - 29 Apr 1936 Arminio Borjas
Pérez (acting) (b. 1868 -
d. 1942)
29 Apr 1936 - 5 May 1941 José Eleazar
López Contreras
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)(acting from 19 Apr 1941)
5 May 1941 - 19 Oct 1945 Isaías Medina
Angarita
(b. 1897 - d. 1953) Mil/PDV
19 Oct 1945 - 15 Feb 1948 Rómulo Ernesto
Betancourt Bello (b. 1908 - d.
1981) Mil
(1st time)(chairman Revolutionary Junta)
15 Feb 1948 - 24 Nov 1948 Rómulo Ángel del Monte
Carmelo (b. 1884 - d.
1969) AD
Gallegos Freire
24 Nov 1948 - 2 Dec 1952 Military
Junta
- Carlos Román Delgado Chalbaud (b.
1909 - d. 1950) Mil
Gómez (to 13 Nov 1950)(chairman)
- Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (b. 1914 - d.
2001) Mil
- Luis Felipe Llovera Páez Secocín (b. 1913 - d.
1977) Mil
- German Suárez
Flamerich
(b. 1907 - d. 1990) Mil
(from 27 Nov 1950)(chairman)
2 Dec 1952 - 23 Jan 1958 Marcos
Evangelista Pérez Jiménez
(s.a.)
Mil
(provisional to 19 Apr 1953)
23 Jan 1958 - 14 Nov 1958 Wolfgang Enrique
Larrazábal Ugueto (b. 1911 - d. 2003) Mil
(chairman Government Junta)
14 Nov 1958 - 13 Feb 1959 Édgar Sanabria
Arcia
(b. 1911 - d. 1989) Mil
(chairman Government Junta)
13 Feb 1959 - 11 Mar 1964 Rómulo Ernesto
Betancourt Bello
(s.a.)
AD
(2nd time)
11 Mar 1964 - 11 Mar 1969 Raúl Leoni
Otero
(b. 1905 - d. 1972) AD
11 Mar 1969 - 12 Mar 1974 Rafael Caldera
Rodríguez (1st time)(b. 1916 - d. 2009) COPEI
12 Mar 1974 - 12 Mar 1979 Carlos Andrés Pérez
Rodríguez (b. 1922 - d.
2010) AD
(1st time)
12 Mar 1979 - 2 Feb 1984 Luis Antonio
Herrera Campins (b.
1925 - d. 2007) COPEI
2 Feb 1984 - 2 Feb 1989 Jaime Ramón
Lusinchi
(b.
1924)
AD
2 Feb 1989 - 31 Aug 1993 Carlos Andrés
Pérez Rodríguez
(s.a.)
AD
(2nd time)(suspended from 21 May 1993)
21 May 1993 - 5 Jun 1993 Octavio Lepage
Barreto
(b. 1923)
AD
(acting for suspended Pérez)
5 Jun 1993 - 2 Feb 1994 Ramón José
Velásquez
Mujica (b.
1916)
Non-party
(interim; acting for suspended Pérez to 31 Aug 1993)
2 Feb 1994 - 2 Feb 1999 Rafael
Caldera Rodríguez (2nd
time)(s.a.)
CN
2 Feb 1999 - 12 Apr 2002 Hugo Rafael
Chávez Frías (1st time)(b. 1954 - d. 2013) MVR
11 Apr 2002 - 12 Apr 2002 Efraín
Vásquez
Velasco
Mil
(chairman of the military commission,
in rebellion)
12 Apr 2002 - 13 Apr 2002 Pedro Francisco
Carmona Estanga (b.
1941)
Non-party
(president of transitional government on 12 Apr 2002)
13 Apr 2002 - 14 Apr 2002 Diosdado Cabello
Rondón (acting) (b.
1963)
MVR
14 Apr 2002 - 5 Mar 2013
Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (2nd
time)(s.a.)
MVR:2007 PSUV
10 Jun 2011 - 4 Jul 2011
Elias José Jaua Milano (1st time) (b.
1969) PSUV
(acting for absent Chávez)
17 Jul 2011 - 23 Jul
2011 Elias José Jaua Milano (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PSUV
(acting for absent Chávez)
24 Feb 2012 - 17 Mar 2012 Elias
José Jaua Milano (3rd time) (s.a.)
PSUV
(acting for absent Chávez)
10 Dec 2012 - 5
Mar 2013 Nicolás
Maduro Moros
(b. 1962)
PSUV
(acting for incapacitated
Chávez)
5 Mar 2013 -
Nicolás
Maduro
Moros
(s.a.)
PSUV
(acting2
to 19 Apr 2013)
Executive vice-presidents
24 Jan 2000 - 28 Dec
2000 Julían Isaías Rodríguez
Daíz (b.
1942)
MVR
28 Dec 2000 - 13 Jan
2002 Adina Mercedes Bastidas Castillo(f)(b.
1943)
MVR
13 Jan 2002 - 12 Apr
2002 Diosdado Cabello Rondón (1st time)
(s.a.)
MVR
14 Apr 2002 - 5 May 2002
Diosdado Cabello Rondón (2nd time)
(s.a.)
MVR
5 May 2002 - 8 Jan 2007
José Vicente Rangel
Vale
(b.
1929)
MVR
8 Jan 2007 - 6 Jan 2008 Jorge
Rodríguez Gómez
(b. 1965) MVR
6 Jan 2008 - 25 Jan
2010 Ramón Alonso Carrizales Rengifo
(b. 1952)
PSUV
26 Jan 2010 - 13 Oct 2012
Elias José Jaua Milano
(s.a.)
PSUV
13 Oct 2012 - 5 Mar 2013 Nicolás
Maduro Moros
(s.a.)
PSUV
5 Mar 2013 - 8 Mar 2013 Vacant2
8 Mar 2013
-
Jorge Alberto Arreaza
Monserrat (b. 1973)
PSUV
¹The weekly rotating chairmanship was
occasionally held by alternate members: Manuel Moreno de
Mendoza (b. 1755 - d. 1841)(alternate to Mendoza),
Mauricio Ayala Soriano (b. 1774 - d. 1813)(alternate to
Escalona), and perhaps also Andrés Narvarte (b. 1781 -
d. 1853)(alternate to Padrón).
2Due to the ambiguous situation caused by the fact that Hugo Chávez (s.a.) was prevented by illness from taking the oath for his next presidential term, which he nevertheless was deemed to have begun on 10 Jan 2013, it is initially unclear whether the vice president, Nicolás Maduro Moros (s.a.) (as provided in the constitution for the regular case of the death of a sitting president), or the president of the National Assembly, Diosdado Cabello Rondón (s.a.) (as provided for in the case of an elected president dying before being sworn in), becomes acting president. The government adopts the first interpretation, and it is confirmed by the Supreme Court on 8 Mar 2013, which rules that Maduro became acting president immediately on the death of Chávez and then ceased to be vice president; later on 8 Mar he is sworn in as acting president.
Territorial Disputes: Venezuela claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana (as Guayana Esequiba or Zona en Reclamación), preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; in 2006, an estimated 139,000 Colombians sought protection in 150 communities along the border in Venezuela; US, France, and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim.
Party abbreviations: AD = Accion
Democrática (Democratic Action, social-democratic,
centerist, est.1941); CD = Convergencia
Nacional (National Convergence, center-right,
split from COPEI, est.1993); COPEI =
Comité de Organización Política Electoral
Independiente/Partido Social Cristiano de
Venezuela (Political Electoral Independent Organization
Committee/Social Christian Party of Venezuela,
christian-democratic, est.1946); PSUV
= Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (United
Socialist Party of Venezuela, est.Oct 2007 merger of
pro-Chavez leftist parties incl. MVR); Mil
= Military;
- Former parties: Cen =
Centralista (Centralist, anti-federalist, conservative,
later PC); Fed = Federalista
(Federalist, liberal, later PL); MVR
= Movimiento Quinta República (Fifth Republic Movement,
authoritarian-leftist, Hugo Chávez personalist, merged
into PSUV, 1997-2007); PC = Partido
Conservador (Conservative Party, 1845-af.1870); PD
= Partido Democrata (Democratic Party); PDV
= Partido Democratico Venezolano (Venezuelan Democratic
Party, 1941-45); PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal
Party, 1940-1908); PLR = Partido Liberal
Restauradora (Liberal Restoration Party); Uni
= Unitarian
Aves Island
1587
Claimed for Spain by Avaro Sanzze (Isla de Aves),
not settled; island is later occupied by the English,
Dutch and Portuguese.
1859
Occupied by Venezuela, Dutch and America traders evicted.
30 Jun 1865
Arbitration awards sovereignty over
Aves to Venezuela.
23 Aug
1972
Made a nature preserve.
28 Mar 1978
Venezuela agreed its
maritime borders with the U.S. between
Aves and Puerto Rico.
30 Mar
1978
Netherlands-Venezuela agreement gives full effect to
Aves
which creates a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf
extending
over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea.
2 Jun 1978
Venezuelan Navy
establishes Simón Bolívar Scientific Naval
Base.
17 Jun 1980
Venezuela agrees with France on the
maritime border between
Aves and Guadeloupe and Martinique.
© Ben Cahoon