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![[Spanish War Ensign
(1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif "[Spanish War
Ensign (1785-1931)]")
![[Flag
of Peru of 1820]](pe_1820a.gif "[Flag of
Peru of 1820]")
![[Peru
flag 1820- 1822]](pe_1820e.gif "[Peru flag
1820- 1822]")
![[Provisional Flag of Peru of
1822]](pe_1822o.gif "[Provisional Flag of
Peru of 1822]")
![[Flag
of Peru of 1822-1825]](pe_1823.gif "[Flag
of Peru of 1822-1825]")
![[Flag
of Peru 1825-1836]](pe_1825.gif "[Flag of
Peru 1825-1836]")
![[State
Flag of Peru]](pe_s.gif "[State Flag of
Peru]")
![[Peru civil flag]](pe.gif "[Peru civil flag]")
Governors and Captains General, Adelantado and
Chief constables of New Castile
(Gobernador y Capitán general, adelantado y
alguacil mayor de Nueva Castilla)
26 Jul 1533 - 26 Jun 1541 Francisco Pizarro
González (b. 1478? - d.
1541)
26 Jun 1541 - 16 Sep 1542 Diego de Almagro
II "El Mozo" (b. 1520 - d. 1542)
(acting, de facto)
16 Sep 1542 - 15 May 1544 Cristóbal Vaca
de Castro (interim) (b. c.1492 - d. 1566)
Viceroys of Peru (Virreyes del
Perú)
15 May 1544 - 18 Jan 1546 Blasco Núñez
Vela y Villalba (b. c.1490 -
d. 1546)
(Real Audiencia and Gonzalo Pizarro
prisoner 18-24 Sep 1544)
18 Sep 1544 - 9 Apr 1548 Gonzalo
Pizarro y Alonso (interim) (b. 1510 - d. 1548)
(in rebellion, enters Lima 28 Oct 1544)
13 Aug 1546 - 27 Jan 1550 Pedro de la Gasca
(Lagasca) (b. 1493 - d. 1567)
(president of Real
Audiencia de Lima;
remains in Panama until Apr 1547)
27 Jan 1550 - 14 Sep 1551 Andrés de
Cianca (1st time) (b. c.1513
- d. 1553)
(president of Real Audiencia
de Lima)
14 Sep 1551 - 21 Jul 1552 Antonio de
Mendoza y Pacheco (b.
c.1493 - d. 1552)
21 Jul 1552 - 11 Apr 1553 Andrés de Cianca (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(president of the Real Audiencia de
Lima)
11 Apr 1553 - 29 Jun 1556 Melchor Bravo de
Saravia Sotomayor (b. 1512 - d. 1577)
(president of the Real Audiencia de Lima)
29 Jun 1556 - 30 Mar 1561 Andrés Hurtado de
Mendoza, (b. c.1500 - d.
1561)
marqués de Cañete
17 Apr 1561 - 20 Feb 1564 Diego López de
Zúñiga y Velasco, (b. c.1500 - d. 1564)
conde de Nieva
20 Feb 1564 - 2 Sep 1564 Juan de
Saavedra (interim) (b.
1501 - d. 1572)
2 Sep 1564 - 26 Nov 1569 Lope García
de Castro (interim) (b. 1516 - d. 1576)
26 Nov 1569 - 23 Sep 1581 Francisco de
Toledo
(b. 1515 - d. 1584)
23 Sep 1581 - 12 Mar 1583 Martín Enríquez
de Almansa y Ulloa (b. 1508/11 - d. 1583)
12 Mar 1583 - 21 Nov 1585 Cristóbal
Ramírez de Cartagena (d. 1594)
(president of the Real Audiencia de
Lima)
21 Nov 1585 - 20 Nov 1589 Fernando Torres
de Portugal y (d. 1592)
Mesía Venegas y Ponce de León,
conde de Villardompardo
8 Jan 1590 - 24 Jul 1596 García
Hurtado de Mendoza y (b. 1535
- d. 1609)
Manrique, marqués de Cañete
24 Jul 1596 - 18 Jan 1604 Luis de Velasco,
marqués de (b. 1539 - d.
1617)
Salinas
18 Jan 1604 - 16 Mar 1606 Gaspar de Zúñiga
Acevedo y (b. 1560 - d.
1606)
Fonseca, conde de Monterrey
16 Mar 1606 - 21 Dec 1607 Diego de Núñez de
Avendaño (b. 15.. - d.
1607)
(president of the Real Audiencia de Lima)
21 Dec 1607 - 18 Dec 1615 Juan Manuel de Mendoza y
(b. 1571 - d. 1628)
Manrique Hurtado y Padilla,
marqués de Montesclaros
18 Dec 1615 - 31 Dec 1621 Francisco de
Borja y Aragón, (b. 1581 - d.
1658)
príncipe de Esquilache
1 Jan 1622 - 25 Jul 1622 Juan Jiménez de
Montalvo (b. 1561 -
d. 1621)
(president of the Real Audiencia de Lima)
25 Jul 1622 - 14 Jan 1629 Diego Fernández de
Córdoba y (b. 1578 - d. 1630)
López de las Roelas Benavides y
Melgarejo, marqués de Guadalcázar
14 Jan 1629 - 18 Dec 1639 Luis Jerónimo
Fernández de Cabrera (b. 1589 - d. 1647)
Bobadilla Cerda y Mendoza,
conde de Chinchón
18 Dec 1639 - 20 Sep 1648 Pedro Álvarez de
Toledo y Leiva, (b. 1585 - d. 1654)
marqués de Mancera
20 Sep 1648 - 24 Feb 1655 García Sarmiento
de Sotomayor (b. c.1595 - d. 1659)
Enríquez y Luna, conde de
Salvatierra e marquês de Sobroso
24 Feb 1655 - 31 Dec 1661 Luis Enríquez de
Guzmán y Coresma, (b. c.1610 - d. 1667)
conde de Alba de Liste
31 Dec 1661 - 16 Mar 1666 Diego de
Benavides y de la Cueva, (b. 1607 - d. 1666)
conde de Santisteban
16 Mar 1666 - 21 Nov 1667 Bernardo de
Iturriaza (1st time) (b. 1608 - d. 1678)
(interim)
21 Nov 1667 - 6 Dec 1672 Pedro Fernández de
Castro Andrade (b. 1634 - d. 1672)
y Portugal, conde de Lemos
6 Dec 1672 - 15 Aug 1674
Bernardo de Iturriaza (2nd time) (s.a.)
(interim)
15 Aug 1674 - 7 Jul 1678 Baltasar de la
Cueva Enríquez, (b. 1626 - d. 1686)
conde de Castellar
7 Jul 1678 - 20 Nov 1681 Melchor de
Liñán y Cisneros, (b. 1629 - d.
1708)
arzobispo de Lima (interim)
20 Nov 1681 - 15 Aug 1689 Melchor de
Navarra y Rocaful, (b. 1626 - d.
1691)
duque de la Palata
15 Aug 1689 - 22 Sep 1705 Melchor
Porto-Carrero y Lasso de (b. 1636 - d. 1705)
la Vega, conde de Monclova
22 Sep 1705 - 7 Jul 1707 Miguel Núñez
de Sanabria (1st time)(b. 1645 - d. 1729)
(president of the Real Audiencia de
Lima)
7 Jul 1707 - 22 Apr 1710 Manuel Oms
de Santa Pau Olim de (b. 1651 - d.
1710)
Sentamanat y Lanuza, marqués de
Castell dos Rios
22 Apr 1710 - 14 Sep 1710 Miguel Núñez
de Sanabria (2ns time)(s.a.)
(president of the Real
Audiencia de Lima)
14 Sep 1710 - 2 Mar 1716 Diego Ladrón
de
Guevara,
(b. 1641 - d. 1718)
obispo de Quito
2 Mar 1716 - 15 Aug 1716 Mateo de la
Mata Ponce de León (b. c.1645 - d. 1720)
(president of the Real Audiencia de Lima)
15 Aug 1716 - 5 Oct 1716
Diego Morcillo Rubio de
Auñón (b. 1642 -
d. 1730)
(1st time) (interim)
5 Oct 1716 - 26 Jan 1720 Carmino
Nicolás
Caracciolo,
(b. 1671 - d. 1727)
príncipe de Santo Buono
26 Jan 1720 - 14 May 1724 Diego Morcillo
Rubio de Auñón (s.a.)
(2dd time)
14 May 1724 - 4 Jan 1736 José de
Armendáriz y Perurena (b.
1670 - d. 1740)
Garrués de Usechi y Urquijo,
marqués de Castelfuerte
4 Jan 1736 - 12 Jul 1745 José Antonio
de Mendoza Caamaño (b. 1667 - d. 1746)
y Sotomayor, marqués de
Villa-García, conde de Barrantes
12 Jul 1745 - 12 Oct 1761 José Antonio
Manso de Velasco (b. 1688
- d. 1767)
y Sanchez de Samaniego,
(from 1748) conde de Superunda
12 Oct 1761 - 17 Jul 1776 Manuel de Amat y
Junient Planella (b. 1704 - d. 1790)
Aimeric y Santa Pau
17 Jul 1776 - 21 Jul 1780 Manuel de Guirior
y Portal de (b. 1708 - d.
1788)
Huarte y Edozaín, marqués de
Guirior
21 Jul 1780 - 6 Apr 1784 Agustín de
Jáuregui y Aldecoa (b.
1708 - d. 1784)
4 Nov 1780 - 6 Apr 1781 Tupac
Amaru II¹ (in rebellion) (b. 1738 -
d. 1781)
(= José Gabriel Condorcanqui Noguera)
6 Apr 1784 - 25 Mar 1790 Teodoro Francisco
de Croix, (b.
1730 - d. 1791)
conde de Croix
25 Mar 1790 - 6 Jun 1796 Francisco
Gil de Taboada y Lemos (b. 1736 - d. 1809)
y Villa Marín
6 Jun 1796 - 19 Mar 1801 Ambrosio
O'Higgins, marqués
(b. 1716 - d. 1801)
de
Osorno
19 Mar 1801 - 5 Nov 1801 Manuel
Antonio de Arredondo y (b.
1738 - d. 1822)
Pelegrín
(president of the Real Audiencia de Lima)
5 Nov 1801 - 20 Aug 1806 Gabriel de
Avilés y del Fierro, (b. 1730 - d.
1810)
marqués de Avilés
20 Aug 1806 - 7 Jul 1816 José
Fernando Abascal y Sousa, (b.
1743 - d. 1827)
marqués de la Concordia
7 Jul 1816 - 29 Jan 1821 Joaquín de
la Pezuela y Sánchez (b. 1761 - d.
1830)
Muñoz de Velasco, marqués de
Viluma
29 Jan 1821 - 9 Dec 1824 José de la
Serna y Martínez de (b. 1770 -
d. 1832)
Hinojosa
16 Dec 1824 - 30 Dec 1824 Juan Pío Camilo
de Tristán y (b. 1773 -
d. 1860)
Moscoso
Carasa y Múzquiz (interim)
Captain-general and Chief of the Liberation Army of
Peru
8 Sep 1820 - 3 Aug 1821 José
Francisco de San
Martín (b. 1778 - d.
1850) Mil
y Matorras
Protector of Peru (also in use Protector of the
Liberty of Peru)
3 Aug 1821 - 20 Sep 1822 José
Francisco de San
Martín
(s.a.)
Mil
y Matorras
Presidents of the Sovereign Constituent Congress
20 Sep 1822
Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza y
(b. 1750 - d. 1825) Non-party
Collantes (acting)
20 Sep 1822 - 22 Sep 1822 Francisco Xavier de Luna
Pizarro (b. 1780 - d. 1855) Non-party
y Pacheco Araus
Supreme Governing Junta
22 Sep 1822 - 27 Feb 1823 José Domingo de
la Merced de La (b. 1778
- d. 1830) Mil
Mar y Cortázar (president)
+ Felipe
Antonio Alvarado y de (b. 1785 - d.
1832) Non-party
Toledo Pimentel
+ Manuel José
de Salazar
y (b.
1777 - d. 1850) Non-party
Baquíjano, conde de Vista Florida
Grand Marshal of the Armies of the Peruvian Republic,
commissioned by the
Sovereign Congress to temporarily administer the
Executive Power of it
27 Feb 1823 - 28 Feb 1823 José
Bernardo de Tagle
y
(b. 1779 - d. 1825) Mil
Portocarrero, marqués de Trujillo
Presidents
28 Feb 1823 - 23 Jun 1823 José Mariano de
la Cruz de la Riva (b. 1783 - d. 1858) Mil
Agüero y Sánchez Boquete
(continues in dissidence in Trujillo to 25 Nov
1823)
23 Jun 1823 - 20 Jul 1823 Antonio José
Francisco de Sucre (b. 1795 - d.
1830) Mil
y Alcalá
(general-in-chief of United Liberation Army of Peru)
20 Jul 1823 - 18 Feb 1824 José Bernardo de
Tagle
y
(s.a.)
Mil
Portocarrero
(supreme
political and military chief to 16 Aug 1823)
Liberator President of the Republic of
Colombia, and in charge
of the Dictatorial Power of the Republic of Peru
18 Feb 1824 - 10 Feb 1825 Simón José Antonio de la
Santísima (b. 1783 - d. 1830) Mil
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
Liberator President of the Republic of
Colombia, Liberator of Peru,
and in charge of the Supreme Command of it
10 Feb 1825 - 30 Nov 1826 Simón José Antonio de la
Santísima (s.a.)
Mil
Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios
President of the Council of the Government of the
Republic of Peru
3 Sep 1826 - 9 Jun 1827 José
Andrés de Santa Cruz
(b. 1792 - d.
1865) Mil
Villavicencio y Calahumana
(from 7 Jun
1827, acting Chief in charge of the Executive Power)
Presidents
9 Jun 1827 - 22 Aug 1827 Manuel José
de Salazar y Baquíjano (b. 1777 - d. 1850)
Non-party
(acting)
22 Aug 1827 - 6 Jun 1829 José Domingo
de la Merced de La (s.a.)
Mil
Mar y Cortázar (president of the Republic
in charge of the Executive Power to 20 Apr 1828)
6 Jun 1829 - 1 Sep 1829 Antonio
Gutiérrez de La Fuente (b. 1796
- d. 1878) Mil
(provisional supreme chief)
1 Sep 1829 - 20 Dec 1833 Agustín
Gamarra y Messia (1st time)(b. 1785 - d. 1841) Mil
(provisional to 20 Dec 1829)
20 Dec 1833 - 21 Dec 1833 Vacant¹
21 Dec 1833 - 11 Aug 1836 Luis José de las
Mercedes de
(b. 1795 - d. 1847) Mil
Orbegoso y Moncada Galindo
(provisional)
4 Jan 1834 - 24 Apr 1834 Pedro Pablo
Bermúdez Ascarza (b.
1793 - d. 1852) Mil
(provisional supreme chief, in rebellion)
25 Feb 1835 - 9 Feb 1836 Felipe
Santiago de Salaverry del (b. 1806 - d.
1836) Mil
Solar
(supreme chief, in rebellion)
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
24 Feb 1825 - 3 Apr 1825 José Domingo
de La Mar y Cortázar (s.a.)
Mil
(1st time)
3 Apr 1825 - 5 Jan 1826 José Hipólito
Unánue y Pavón (b.
1755 - d. 1833) Non-party
(1st
time) (acting)
5 Jan 1826 - 25 Feb 1826 José Domingo de La
Mar y Cortázar (s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
25 Feb 1826 - 29 Jun 1826 José Hipólito Unánue
y Pavón (s.a.)
Non-party
(2nd time) (acting)
29 Jun 1826 - 7 Jun 1829 José Andrés de
Santa Cruz
(s.a.)
Mil
Villavicencio y Calahumana
7 Jun 1829 - 12 Sep 1835 the
presidents
12 Sep 1835 - 10 Oct 1835 Agustín Gamarra y
Messia
(s.a.)
Mil
10 Oct 1835 - 28 Dec 1835 Juan Bautista de Lavalle
y Zugasti (b. 1779 - d. 1851) Mil
Dec 1835 - 1836
Manuel Bartolomé Ferreyros y de
(b. 1793 - d. 1872) Non-party
la Mata
¹Presidential vacancy:
(a) 20-21 Dec 1833: In the absence of a
constitutionally designated successor, the National
Convention declared the impossibility of filling the
office of President, and elected Luis
José de las Mercedes de Orbegoso y Moncada
Galindo (s.a.) as Provisional
President on 20 Dec 1833, leaving the office vacant
pending his swearing-in on 21 Dec 1833.
2adopted
the title: Don José Primero, por la gracia de Dios,
Inca Rey del Perú, Santa Fe, Quito, Chile, Buenos
Aires y Continentes de los mares del Sur, Duque de la
Superlativa, Señor de los Césares y Amazonas con
dominio en el gran Paititi, Comisario Distribuidor de
la Piedad Divina por el Erario sin Par ("Joseph
First, by the grace of God, Inca
King of Peru, Santa Fe, Quito, Chile, Buenos Aires and
Continents of the South Seas, Duke of Superlative, Lord
of the Caesars and Amazons with dominion in the Great
Paititi, Divisional Commissioner of Divine Mercy for the
Unparalleled Treasury").
Divided Peru and the Peru-Bolivian Confederation
![[Flag of the
Peru-Bolivia Confederation 1837-1839]](pbc.gif "[Flag of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation
1837-1839]")
|
Note: In 1836 Andrés de Santa
Cruz, president of Bolivia, launched a project to
confederate Peru and Bolivia under his "Protectorship."
In Peru he began by having an Assembly proclaim on 17
Mar 1836 the South-Peruvian State, following on 11 Aug
1836 by a similar proclamation of the North-Peruvian
State; in each case he became the new state's "Supreme
Protector" with full powers. The Peru-Bolivian
Confederation was proclaimed 28 Oct 1836; Santa Cruz was
its Supreme Protector, while remaining Supreme Protector
of each of the Peruvian States as well as President of
the Bolivian Republic. The Confederation lasted until 20
Feb 1839. In each of the Peruvian States there was from
1837, under the Supreme Protector, a Provisional
President.
President of Bolivia, Supreme Protector of the
South and North-Peruvian States3
28 Oct 1836 - 20 Feb 1839 José
Andrés de Santa
Cruz
(s.a.)
Mil
Villavicencio y Calahumana
3Proclaimed Protector
de la Confederación Perú-Boliviana ("Protector of
the Peru-Bolivian Confederation") by Art. 41 of the pact
signed at Tacna 1 May 1837, pending the ratifications
and swearing-in; in anticipation of the ratifications
which were never completed, Supremo Protector de los
Estados Sud y Nor-Peruanos ("Supreme Protector of
the South and North-Peruvian States") was replaced by Supremo
Protector de la Confederación Perú-Boliviana
("Supreme Protector of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation")
on or after 3 Aug 1837) and, on rare occasions, Supremo
Protector de los Estados de la Confederación
("Supreme Protector of the States of the
Confederation").
|
|
![[Flag of South-Peruvian
State 1836-1839 (Peruvian-Bolivian
Confederation)]](pbc-s.gif "[Flag of South-Peruvian
State 1836-1839 (Peruvian-Bolivian
Confederation)]")
| Map
of South Peru |
Capital:
Cuzco (Cusco) |
Population:
500,000 (1840, est.) |
17 Mar
1836
South-Peruvian State (Estado Sud-Peruano)
constituted as an
independent state by departments of Arequipa,
Ayacucho, Cuzco
and Puno (also styled Republic of the
South of Peru, or South-
Peruvian Republic).
28 Oct 1836
Part of the
Peru-Bolivia Confederation.
22 Feb
1839
Government ceases to function in accordance with a
treaty made
with the
representatives of Peru in Cuzco 22 Feb 1839.
17 Mar 1836 - 19 Mar 1836 José Nicolás Fernández de Piérola (b. 1788 - d. 1857) Non-party
y Flores del Campo
(acting for Santa Cruz)
Supreme Protector of the South-Peruvian State
17 Mar 1836 - 20 Feb 1839 José Andrés de Santa Cruz (s.a.) Mil
Villavicencio y Calahumana
(also Supreme Protector of the Peru-Bolivian
Confederation 28 Oct 1836 - 20 Feb 1839)
Provisional Presidents of the South-Peruvian State
17 Sep 1837 - 12 Oct 1838 Ramón de Herrera Rodado (b. 1799 - d. 1882) Mil
12 Oct 1838 - 22 Feb 1839 Juan Camilo Pío de Tristán y (s.a.) Non-party
Moscoso Carasa y Múzquiz
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
1836 - 1837 Juan Pío Camilo de Tristán y (s.a.) Non-party
Moscoso Carasa y Múzquiz
1837 - 1838 José Joaquín Casimiro Olañeta y (b. 1795 - d. 1860) Non-party
Güemes
North-Peruvian State
|
|
| Map
of North Peru |
Capital:
Lima |
Population:
850,000 (1840, est.) |
11 Aug
1836
North-Peruvian State (Estado Nor-Peruano) constituted
as an
independent state by departments of Amazonas,
Junín, Libertad
and Lima
(also styled Republic of the North of Peru,
or
North-Peruvian Republic).
28 Oct 1836
Part of the
Peru-Bolivia Confederation.
30 Jul 1838
Proclaimed an independent and free
state.
17 Feb
1839
Polity disintegrates upon the occupation of the capital
by the armed forces of Peru.
20 Feb
1839
Santa Cruz submits his formal resignation.
11 Aug 1836 - 16 Aug 1836 Luis José de las Mercedes de (s.a.) Mil
Orbegoso y Moncada Galindo
(acting for Santa Cruz)
Supreme Protector of the North-Peruvian State
16 Aug 1836 - 17 Feb 1839 José Andrés de Santa Cruz (s.a.) Mil
Villavicencio y Calahumana
(also Supreme Protector of the Peru-Bolivian
Confederation 28 Oct 1836 - 20 Feb 1839)
Honorary President of the North-Peruvian State, in charge of the Executive Power of the State
23 Aug 1837 - 30 Jul 1838 Luis José de las Mercedes de (s.a.) Mil
Orbegoso y Moncada Galindo
(appointed by Supreme Protector 21 Aug 1837)
Provisional President of the Republic
30 Jul 1838 - Nov 1838 Luis José de las Mercedes de (s.a.) Mil
Orbegoso y Moncada Galindo
(in opposition to Peru-Bolivian Confederation,
and, from 23 Aug 1838 to Peru; abandoned Lima
after 21 Aug 1838 and moved to Callao and
continued to hold the office to Nov 1838
when he submitted to the Confederation)
Provisional President of the North-Peruvian State
11 Aug 1838 - 17 Feb 1839 José Mariano de la Cruz de la (s.a.) Mil
Riva Agüero y Sánchez Boquete
(took office between 11 Aug 1838 and 27 Aug 1838 in
Tarna, Junín; entered Lima on or after 10 Nov 1838)
Presidents of the Council of Ministers
1836 - 1837
Mariano de Sierra y
Velarde (b. 1797 - d.
1860) Mil
2 May 1837 - 17 Aug 1837 José Maria
Galdeano y Mendoza (b. 1782 -
d. 1863) Non-party
Peru
23 Aug
1838
Peruvian Republic (also in sporadic official
use Republic of Peru).
28 Sep 1881 - 23 Oct 1883 Chilean
occupation.
28 Jul
1980
Republic of Peru
Presidents
24 Aug 1838 - 18 Nov 1841 Agustín Gamarra y
Messia (2nd
time)(s.a.)
Mil
(provisional to 11 Jul 1840)
4 Jan 1841 - 20? May 1841 Manuel Ignacio de
Vivanco e
(b. 1806 - d. 1873) Mil
Iturralde
(supreme
chief, in rebellion)
18 Nov 1841 - 16 Aug 1842 Manuel Menéndez y
Gorozabel (b.
1793 - d. 1847)
(1st time) (acting)
16 Aug 1842 - 19 Oct 1842 Juan Crisóstomo
Torrico González (b. 1808 - d. 1875)
Mil
(supreme chief)
19 Oct 1842 - 16 Mar 1843 Juan Francisco de
Vidal La Hoz (b. 1800 - d.
1869) Mil
(acting; in rebellion from 28 Jul 1842)
16 Mar 1843 - 20 Mar 1843 Justo Figuerola y
Estrada
(b. 1771 - d. 1854)
(1st time) (acting)
20 Mar 1843 - 17 Jun 1844 Manuel Ignacio de
Vivanco e
(s.a.)
Mil
Iturralde (supreme director, in rebellion from
20 Feb 1843 and continuing to 22 Jul 1844)
3 Sep 1843 - 17 Feb 1844 Domingo
Nieto
Márquez
(b. 1803 - d. 1844) Mil
(president of the provisional supreme governing
junta of "Free Departments", in rebellion)
21 Feb 1844 - 10 Dec 1844 Ramón Castilla y
Marquesado (b.
1797 - d. 1867)
(president of the provisional supreme governing
junta of "Free Departments", in rebellion
to 31 Aug 1844)
17 Jun 1844 - 10 Aug 1844 Domingo Elías y
Carbajo (1st time) (b. 1805 - d. 1867)
(political and military chief)
10 Aug 1844 - 11 Aug 1844 Manuel Menéndez y
Gorozabel
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
11 Aug 1844 - 7 Oct 1844 Justo
Figuerola y
Estrada
(s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
7 Oct 1844 - 20 Apr 1845 Manuel
Menéndez y
Gorozabel
(s.a.)
(3rd time) (acting)
20 Apr 1845 - 20 Apr 1851 Ramón Castilla y
Marquesado
(s.a.)
Mil
(1st time)
20 Apr 1851 - 5 Jan 1855 José Rufino
Echenique y Benavente (b. 1808 - d. 1887)
Mil
20 Dec 1853 - 7 Jan 1854
Domingo Elías y Carbajo (2nd time) (s.a.)
(Political Chief, in rebellion)
5 Jan 1855 - 24 Oct 1862 Ramón
Castilla y
Marquesado
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)(provisional [in rebellion from 1 May 1854]
to 24 Oct 1858)
24 Oct 1862 - 3 Apr 1863 Miguel de
San Román y
Meza (b.
1802 - d. 1863) Mil
3 Apr 1863 - 9 Apr 1863 Vacant¹
9 Apr 1863 - 5 Aug 1863 Pedro
Nolasco Diez Canseco y (b. 1815 -
d. 1893) Mil
Corbacho (1st time)(acting)
5 Aug 1863 - 8 Nov 1865 Juan
Antonio Pezet y Rodríguez (b.
1809 - d. 1879) Mil
de
la Piedra (acting)
1 Mar 1865 - 24 Jun 1865 Mariano
Ignacio Prado
Ochoa (b. 1826
- d. 1901) Mil
(provisional supreme chief, in rebellion)
8 Nov 1865 - 28 Nov 1865 Pedro
Nolasco Diez Canseco
y (s.a.)
Mil
Corbacho (2nd time)
(acting, in rebellion from 25 Jun 1865)
28 Nov 1865 - 7 Jan 1868 Mariano
Ignacio Prado Ochoa
(s.a.)
Mil
(1st time)(provisional supreme chief
to 15 Feb 1867; provisional to 31 Aug
1867)
7 Jan 1868
Luis La Puerta y Mendoza
(acting) (b. 1811 - d. 1896) Mil
(president of the council of ministers, declined
office)
7 Jan 1868 - 2 Aug 1868 Pedro
Nolasco Diez Canseco
y (s.a.)
Mil
Corbacho (3rd time)
(acting, in rebellion from 22 Sep 1867)
2 Aug 1868 - 22 Jul 1872 José Toribio
Balta
Montero
(b. 1814 - d. 1872) Mil
22 Jul 1872 - 26 Jul 1872 Tomás Gutiérrez
Rojas
(d.
1872)
Mil
(supreme chief; de facto to 23 Jul
1872)
26 Jul 1872 - 2 Aug 1872 Mariano
Herencia Zevallos (acting) (b. 1820 - d. 1873) Mil
2 Aug 1872 - 2 Aug 1876 Manuel
Justo Pardo y
Lavalle (b. 1834 -
d. 1878) PC
2 Aug 1876 - 23 Dec 1879 Mariano
Ignacio Prado Ochoa
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
23 Dec 1879 - 12 Mar 1881 José Nicolás Baltasar
Fernández (b. 1839 - d. 1913) PN
de Piérola y Villena (1st time)
(supreme chief to 22 May 1880, then supreme
chief and protector
of the indigenous race,
continuing in rebellion
to 31 Jul 1881 and
then as president and protector of the
indigenous race to 28 Nov
1881)
12 Mar 1881 - 28 Sep 1881 Francisco García
Calderón y (b. 1834
- d. 1905)
Martínez Landa (provisional)
(nominally continues to arrest and
deportation 6 Nov 1881)
Chilean Governor
17 May 1881 - 23 Oct 1883 Patricio Lynch
Solo de Zaldívar (b. 1824 - d.
1886) Mil
Presidents
- in opposition to Chilean occupation, two
insurrectionary governments developed:
(1)
15 Nov 1881 - 28 Oct 1883 Lizardo Montero
Flores (acting) (b. 1832 - d.
1905) Mil
28 Oct 1883 - 2 Mar 1884
Andrés Avelino Cáceres Dorregaray
(b. 1833 - d. 1923) Mil
(acting [nominally for García Calderón], continuing in
dissidence to 16 Jul 1884, then as
president to 3 Dec 1885)
(2)
31 Aug 1882 - 3 Dec 1885 Miguel
Iglesias Pino de
Arce (b. 1830 - d.
1909) Mil
(supreme chief to 30 Dec 1882, "Regenerator President"
1 Jan 1883 - 1 Mar 1884, then provisional)
3 Dec 1885 - 3 Jun 1886 Manuel
Antonio Arenas
Merino (b. 1808 - d.
1891)
(acting)(president of council of ministers)
3 Jun 1886 - 10 Aug 1890 Andrés
Avelino Cáceres Dorregaray
(s.a.)
Mil/Cons
(1st time)
10 Aug 1890 - 1 Apr 1894 Remigio
Morales
Bermúdez
(b. 1836 - d. 1894) Mil/Cons
1 Apr 1894 - 10 Aug 1894 Justiniano
Borgoño Castañeda
(b. 1836 - d. 1921) Cons
(acting)
10 Aug 1894 - 20 Mar 1895 Andrés Avelino
Cáceres Dorregaray
(s.a.)
Mil/Cons
(2nd time)
20 Mar 1895 - 8 Sep 1895 Manuel
González de Candamo Iriarte (b. 1841 - d. 1904) PC
(1st time)(president of governing junta)
8 Sep 1895 - 8 Sep 1899 José
Nicolás Baltasar Fernández de
(s.a.)
PD
Piérola y Villena (2nd time)
8 Sep 1899 - 8 Sep 1903 José
Gabriel Eduardo Octavio López (b. 1847 - d.
1912) PC+PD
de Romaña y Albizuri
8 Sep 1903 - 7 May
1904 Manuel González de Candamo Iriarte
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time)
18 Apr 1904 - 24 Sep 1904 Serapio Calderón
Chirinos (b. 1843 - d.
1922) PC
(acting [for Candamo to 7 May 1904])
24 Sep 1904 - 24 Sep 1908 José Simón Pardo
y
Barreda
(b. 1864 - d. 1947) PC
(1st time)
24 Sep 1908 - 24 Sep 1912 Augusto
Bernardino Leguía
y (b. 1863 -
d. 1932) PC
Salcedo (1st time)
24 Sep 1912 - 4 Feb 1914 Eduardo
Guillermo Billinghurst (b. 1851 - d.
1915) PD
Angulo
4 Feb 1914 - 18 Aug 1915 Óscar Raymundo
Benavides Larrea (b. 1876 - d.
1945) Mil
(1st time)(president of government
junta to 15 May 1914, then provisional)
18 Aug 1915 - 4 Jul 1919 José Simón
Pardo y
Barreda
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time)
4 Jul 1919 - 25 Aug 1930 Augusto
Bernardino Leguía
y
(s.a.)
PDR
Salcedo (2nd time)
(provisional to 12 Oct 1919)
25 Aug 1930 - 27 Aug 1930 Manuel María
Ponce Brousset
(b. 1874 - d. 1966) Mil
(president of military government junta)
27 Aug 1930 - 1 Mar 1931 Luis Miguel
Sánchez
Cerro
(b. 1889 - d. 1933) Mil
(1st time)(in rebellion 22-26 Aug 1930 as supreme
military and
political chief; from 27
Aug 1930,
president of
[military to 29 Aug 1930] government junta)
1 Mar 1931 - 5 Mar 1931 Ricardo
Leoncio Elías
Arias (b. 1874
- d. 1951) Non-party
(president of provisional government
junta)
5 Mar 1931 - 11 Mar 1931 Gustavo A.
Jiménez
(b. 1886 - d. 1933) Mil
(president of transitional government junta)
11 Mar 1931 - 8 Dec 1931 David
Samanez Ocampo y Sobrino (b.
1886 - d. 1947) Ind
(president of national government junta)
8 Dec 1931 - 30 Apr 1933 Luis Miguel
Sánchez
Cerro
(s.a.)
UR
(2nd time)
30 Apr 1933
(hours) José Matías
Manzanilla Barrientos (b. 1867 - d. 1947)
Ind
(acting)(president of council of ministers)
30 Apr 1933 - 8 Dec 1939 Óscar
Raymundo Benavides Larrea
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
8 Dec 1939 - 28 Jul 1945 Manuel
Carlos Prado y Ugarteche (b. 1889 - d.
1967) CC
(1st time)
28 Jul 1945 - 29 Oct 1948 José Luis Pablo
Bustamante y Rivero(b. 1894 - d. 1989) FDN
30 Oct 1948 - 1 Jun 1950 Manuel
Arturo Odría
Amoretti (b.
1897 - d. 1974) Mil
(1st time)(provisional to 31 Oct 1948,
then president of military government junta)
1 Jun 1950 - 28 Jul 1950 Zenón
Noriega
Agüero
(b. 1900 - d. 1957) Mil
(president of military government junta)
28 Jul 1950 - 28 Jul 1956 Manuel
Arturo Odría
Amoretti (s.a.)
PRP
(2nd time)
28 Jul 1956 - 18 Jul 1962 Manuel Carlos
Prado y Ugarteche
(s.a.)
MDP
(2nd
time)
18 Jul 1962 - 20 Jul 1962 Ricardo Pío Pérez
Godoy
(b. 1905 - d. 1982) Mil
+ Nicolás Eduardo Lindley López (b.
1908 - d. 1995) Mil
+ Juan Francisco Torres
Matos (b. 1906 - d.
1995) Mil
+ Pedro Vargas Prada
Peirano (b. 1912 -
d. 1997) Mil
(joint
command of the armed forces)
20 Jul 1962 - 3 Mar 1963 Ricardo Pío
Pérez
Godoy
(s.a.)
Mil
(president of government junta)
3 Mar 1963 - 28 Jul 1963 Nicolás
Eduardo Lindley López
(s.a.)
Mil
(president of government junta)
28 Jul 1963 - 3 Oct 1968 Fernando
Sergio Marcelo Marcos (b. 1912 -
d. 2002) AP
Belaúnde Terry (1st time)
3 Oct 1968
(hours) Revolutionary
Government
- Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado (b. 1910 - d.
1977) Mil
- Mario Castro de Mendoza
(b. 1910 - d. ....) Mil
- Alberto López Causillas
(b. c.1910 - d. 19..)Mil
3 Oct 1968
(hours) Revolutionary
Junta
- Ernesto Montagne Sánchez
(b. 1916 - d. 1993) Mil
Benavides
-
Raúl Ríos Pardo de Zela
(b. 1909 - d. 1974) Mil
- Alberto López Causillas
(s.a.)
Mil
3 Oct 1968 - 30 Aug 1975 Juan
Francisco Velasco Alvarado
(s.a.)
Mil
30 Aug 1975
(hours) Revolutionary
Junta
- Óscar Vargas
Prieto
(b. 1917 - d. 1989) Mil
- César Podestá Jiménez
(b. 1921 - d. 1995) Mil
- Jorge Luis Parodi Galliani (b.
1923 - d. 2010) Mil
30 Aug 1975 - 28 Jul 1980 Francisco Remigio
Morales Bermúdez (b. 1921 - d. 2022) Mil
Cerrutti
28 Jul 1980 - 28 Jul 1985 Fernando Sergio
Marcelo Marcos
(s.a.)
AP
Belaúnde Terry (2nd time)
28 Jul 1985 - 28 Jul 1990 Alan Gabriel
Ludwig García Pérez (b. 1949 - d.
2019) APRA
(1st time)
28 Jul 1990 - 21 Nov 2000 Alberto Kenya
Fujimori Fujimori (b. 1938 - d. 2024)
NM-C'90;
(president of the Government of Emergency
1999: AEP
and National Reconstruction 5 Apr 1992 - 6 Jan
1993)
13 Nov 2000 - 22 Nov 2000 Ricardo Márquez Flores
(b.
1943)
C'90/AEP
(acting
[for Fujimori to 21 Nov 2000])
22 Nov 2000 - 28 Jul 2001 Valentín Demetrio
Paniagua Corazao (b. 1936 - d. 2006) AP
28 Jul 2001 - 28 Jul 2006 Alejandro
Celestino
Toledo
(b.
1946)
PP
Manrique
28 Jul 2006 - 28 Jul 2011 Alan Gabriel
Ludwig García Pérez
(s.a.)
APRA
(2nd time)
28 Jul 2011 - 28 Jul 2016 Ollanta Moisés Humala
Tasso (b. 1962)
PNP
28 Jul 2016 - 23 Mar 2018 Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
Godard (b.
1938)
PPK
23 Mar 2018 - 9 Nov 2020 Martín Alberto
Vizcarra Cornejo (b.
1963)
PPK
(declared suspended by Congress 30 Sep - 1 Oct 2019,
does not
recognize suspension)
30 Sep 2019 - 1 Oct 2019 Mercedes Aráoz
Fernández (f) (b.
1961) Ind
(acting for suspended Vizcarra,
appointed by Congress)
10 Nov 2020 - 15 Nov 2020 Manuel Arturo Merino de
Lama (b.
1961)
AP
15 Nov 2020 - 17 Nov 2020 Vacant¹
17 Nov 2020 - 28 Jul 2021
Francisco Rafael
Sagasti
(b. 1944) Mor
Hochhausler
28 Jul 2021 - 7 Dec 2022
José Pedro Castillo
Terrones (b. 1969)
PNPL
7 Dec 2022 - 10 Oct 2025 Dina Ercilia
Boluarte Zegarra (f) (b. 1962)
Ind
10 Oct 2025
-
José Enrique Jerí Oré
(b. 1986)
PDSP
Presidents of the Council of Ministers (Prime
ministers)
14 Feb 1857 – 12 Apr 1858 José María Raygada y
Gallo
(b. 1795 - d. 1859) Mil
12 Apr 1858 - 13 Jul 1858 Manuel Ortíz de Zevallos
y García (b. 1812 - d. 1882)
(interim)
Jul 1858
Juan Manuel del Mar y
Bernedo (b. 1805 - d.
1862)
(interim)
15 Jul 1858 - Jun 1859 Miguel de San Román
y Meza
(s.a.)
Mil
Jun 1859 - Sep 1859 José
Fabio Melgar y Valdivieso (b. 1802 - d.
1872)
15 Sep 1859 - 9 Jun 1860 Juan Miguel del
Carpio Melgar (b. 1795 -
d. 1869)
9 Jun 1860 - Aug 1860 Juan
Antonio Pezet y Rodríguez
(s.a.)
Mil
de
la Piedra
1860 - 1862
Manuel
Morales
(b. 1814 - d. 18..)
1862 - 24 Oct 1862 Juan
Antonio Ribeyro Estada
(b. 1810 - d. 1886)
(1st time)
27 Oct 1862 - 10 Apr 1863 José Gregorio Paz Soldán
y Ureta (b. 1808 - d. 1875)
10 Apr 1863 - 11 Aug 1864 Juan Antonio
Ribeyro Estada
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
11 Aug 1864 - 14 Oct 1864 Manuel Costas y
Arce
(b. 1820 - d. 1883)
14 Oct 1864 - 11 Apr 1865 José
Allende (1st time)
(b. 1793 - d. 1873) Mil
11 Apr 1865 - 12 Jul 1865 Manuel Ignacio de
Vivanco e
(s.a.)
Mil
Iturralde
14 Jul 1865 - 6 Nov 1865 Pedro José
Calderón
(b. 1832 - d. 1885)
Aug 1865 - 26 Sep 1865 Mariano
Ignacio Prado Ochoa
(s.a.)
Mil
(1st
time)(under Pedro Diez Canseco)
26 Sep 1865 - 15 Nov 1865 Juan Antonio Ugarteche
(b. 1804 - d. 1871) Mil
(under Pedro Diez Canseco)
15 Nov 1865 - 28 Nov 1865 Francisco Javier
Mariátegui y
(b. 1793 - d. 1884)
Tellería
28 Nov 1865 - 15 Feb 1867 Mariano Ignacio Prado
Ochoa (s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)(provisional)
2 Mar 1867 - 26 Apr 1867 Pedro
José Tordoya Montoya
(b. 1813 - d. 1883) Non-party
3 Jun 1867 - 9 Oct 1867 Pedro Paz
Soldán y Ureta (1st time)(b. 1809 - d. 1876)
10 Oct 1867 - 12 Oct 1867 Luis La Puerta
y Mendoza
(s.a.)
Mil
12 Oct 1867 - 8 Jan 1868
Pedro Paz Soldán y Ureta (2nd time)(s.a.)
26 Jan 1868 - 2 Apr 1868 José Luis
Gómez Sánchez y Rivero (b. 1799 - d. 1881)
2 Apr 1868 - 2 Aug 1868
Antonio Gutiérrez de La Fuente (s.a.)
Mil
4 Aug 1868 - 13 Apr 1869 Pedro Gálvez
Egúsquiza
(b. 1822 - d. 1872) Lib
16 Apr 1869 - 1 Aug 1871 Juan
Francisco Balta y Montero (b. 1806 -
d. 1892) Mil
2 Aug 1871 - 7 Dec 1871 José Allende
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
7 Dec 1871 - 22 Jul 1872 José Jorge Loayza y
Cossío (b. 1827 -
d. 1904)
(1st time)
26 Jul 1872 - 2 Aug 1872 Juan Antonio
Ribeyro Estada
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
2 Aug 1872 - 3 Sep 1873 José
Miguel Medina Elera
(b. 1804 - d. 1884) Mil
3 Sep 1873 - 1 Feb 1875 José
Eusebio Sánchez
Pedraza (b. 1823 -
d. 1903)
1 Feb 1875 - 2 Aug 1876 Nicolás Ramón
Freire González
(b. 1808 - d. 1887) Mil
2 Aug 1876 - 26 Aug 1876 Manuel
Antonio Arenas Merino (s.a.)
(1st time)
26 Aug 1876 - 1 Jun 1877 Teodoro La
Rosa
(b. 1818 - d. 1882)
4 Jun 1877 - 18 Jun 1878 Juan Buendía
y
Noriega
(b. 1816 - d. 1895) Mil
19 Jul 1878 - 16 Dec 1878 José Jorge Loayza
y Cossío (s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Dec 1878 - 19 May 1879 Manuel Yrigoyen
Arias y Larrea (b. 1829 - d. 1912)
(1st time)
19 May 1879 - 16 Oct 1879 Manuel de
Mendiburu
Bonet
(b. 1805 - d. 1885) Mil
16 Oct 1879 - 18 Dec 1879 Manuel González
de la Cotera (b. 1817 - d.
1884) Mil
- insurrectionary government
of Nicolás de Piérola -
15 Jan 1881 - 30 Nov 1881 Aurélio García y
García
(b. 1834 - d. 1888) Mil
- insurrectionary
government of Francisco
García Calderón
-
12 Mar 1881 - 18 Jul 1881 Aurélio
Denegri Valega (1st time) (b. 1840 - d.
1909) PC
18 Jul 1881 - 6 Nov 1881 Camilo Nicanor
Carrillo Martínez (b. 1830 - d. 1901) Mil
- insurrectionary government of Lizardo Montero -
Nov 1881 - 4 Jan 1882 Rafael
Fernández de Villanueva (b. 1839
- d. 1831) PC
Cortez
4 Jan 1882 - 4 Sep 1882 Juan
Manuel
Arbaiza
(b. 1831 - d. 1898)
4 Sep 1882 - 20 Jan 1883 Camilo Nicanor
Carrillo Martínez (s.a.)
Mil
20 Jan 1883 - Apr 1883
Manuel Velarde Seoane (1st time) (b. 1833 -
d. 1900) Mil
Apr 1883 - 20 Oct 1883
Mariano Nicolás Valcárcel Salazar (b. 1850 - d.
1921) PC
- insurrectionary government of
Miguel Iglesias -
3 Jan 1883 - 27 Aug 1883 Lorenzo
Iglesias Pino de Arce (b. 1844 - d.
1885) Mil
27 Aug 1883 - 7 Apr 1884 Manuel Antonio
Barinaga (1st time) (b. 1831 - d. 1897)
8 Apr 1884 - 9 May 1885 Mariano
Castro Zaldívar Iglesias (b. 1828 - d. 1906)
14 May 1885 - 3 Dec 1885
José Joaquín Iglesias Pino de Arce
(b. 1822 - d. 1888) Mil
- insurrectionary government
of Andrés Avelino Cáceres -
Jul 1884 - Oct
1884 Epifanio
Serpa Arana
(b. 1835 - d. 1900)
Oct 1884 - Nov 1884 César
Canevaro Valega
(b. 1846 - d. 1922) Cons
Nov 1884
Juan Francisco Oviedo
Mollinedo (b. 1816 - d. 1893)
- unified government of Peru -
3 Dec 1885 - 3 Jun 1886 Manuel Antonio
Arenas Merino (s.a.)
(3rd time)
3 Jun 1886 - 6 Oct 1886 Pedro
Alejandrino del Solar Gabas (b. 1829 - d.
1909) Cons
(1st time)
6 Oct 1886 - 22 Nov 1886 José Nicolas
Araníbar y Llano (b. 1835 - d. 1903)
22 Nov 1886 - 22 Aug 1887 Pedro Alejandrino
del Solar Gabas (s.a.)
Cons
(2nd time)
22 Aug 1887 - 12 Sep 1887 Mariano Santos
Álvarez Villegas (b. 1823 - d. 1893)
12 Sep 1887 - 5 Oct 1887 Carlos María
Elías de la Quintana (b. 1841 - d. 1907)
Cons
(1st time)
5 Oct 1887 - 8 Nov 1887
Raymundo Morales Arias (interim) (b. 1857 - d.
1920)
8 Nov 1887 - 8 Mar 1889 Aurélio
Denegri Valega (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Mar 1889 - 4 Apr 1889 José
Mariano Jiménez
Wald
(b. 1843 - d. 1901)
(1st time)
4 Apr 1889 - 10 Feb 1890 Pedro
Alejandrino del Solar Gabas
(s.a.)
Cons
(3rd time)
11 Feb 1890 - 10 Aug 1890 Manuel Yrigoyen
Arias y Larrea (s.a.)
Cons
(2nd time)
11 Aug 1890 - 25 Jul 1891 Mariano Nicolás
Valcárcel Salazar
(s.a.)
PC
25 Jul 1891 - 14 Aug 1891 Alberto Elmore
Fernández de
(b. 1844 - d. 1916)
Córdoba (1st time) (interim)
14 Aug 1891 - 24 Aug 1891 Federico Herrera
(1st time) (b.
1845 - d. 1892) Cons
24 Aug 1891 - 14 Oct 1891 Justiniano
Borgoño Castañeda
(s.a.)
Mil
19 Oct 1891 - 13 Apr 1892 Federico Herrera
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Cons
(interim to 27 Nov 1891)
13 Apr 1892 - 30 Jun 1892 Juan Ibarra y
Ortiz
(b. 1836 - d. 1912) Mil
(acting
to 2 May 1892)
30 Jun 1892 - 3 Mar 1893 Carlos María
Elías de la Quintana (s.a.)
Cons
(2nd time)
3 Mar 1893 - 11 May 1893 Manuel
Velarde Seoane (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mil/Cons
11 May 1893 - 1 Apr 1894 José Mariano
Jiménez
Wald
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
2 Apr 1894 - 10 Aug 1894 Baltasar
García Urrutia Muro (b. 1838 - d.
1890)
10 Aug 1894 - 16 Nov 1894 Cesáreo
Chacaltana
Reyes
(b. 1845 - d. 1906) PC
(1st time)
16 Nov 1894 - 20 Mar 1895 Manuel Yrigoyen
Arias y Larrea
(s.a.)
Cons
(3nd time)
20 Mar 1895 - 8 Sep 1895 Vacant
8 Sep 1895 - 29 Nov 1895 Antonio Bentín La
Fuente y Palomera(b. 1826 - d. 1897) PD
30 Nov 1895 - 5 Aug 1896 Manuel
Antonio Barinaga (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Aug 1896 - 23 Dec 1897 Manuel Pablo
Olaechea Guerrero (b. 1843 - d.
1913) PD
25 Nov 1897 - 13 May 1898 Alejandro López
de Romaña Alvizuri (b. 1846 - d. 1917) PD
16 May 1898 - 8 Sep 1899 José Jorge
Loayza y Cossío
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
8 Sep 1899 - 14 Dec 1899 Manuel María
Gálvez Egúsquiza (b. 1838
- d. 1917)
14 Dec 1899 - 30 Aug 1900 Enrique Eugenio
Manuel de la Riva (b. 1857 - d. 1930) PC
Agüero Riglos (1st time)
30 Aug 1900 - 2 Oct 1900 Enrique
Coronel-Zegarra Castro (b. 1851 - d.
1919) PD
2 Oct 1900 - 11 Sep 1901 Manuel
Domingo Melquiades de (b.
1848 - d. 1931) PC
Almenara Butler
11 Sep 1901 - 9 Aug 1902 Cesáreo
Chacaltana
Reyes
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time)
9 Aug 1902 - 4 Nov 1902 Cesáreo
Octavio Deustua Escarza (b. 1849 - d.
1945)
4 Nov 1902 - 8 Sep 1903 Manuel
Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue (b. 1844 - d. 1916)
8 Sep 1903 - 14 May 1904 José Pardo y
Barreda
(s.a.)
PC
14 May 1904 - 24 Sep 1904 Alberto Elmore
Fernández de
(s.a.)
Córdoba (2nd time)
27 Sep 1904 - 1 Aug 1907 Augusto
Bernardino Leguía
y
(s.a.)
PC
Salcedo
1 Aug 1907 - 9 Oct 1907 Agustín
Tovar Aguilar
(b. 1852 - d. 1915) PC
9 Oct 1907 - 24 Sep 1908 Carlos
Alberto Washburn Salas (b.
1854 - d. 1925)
Fuenzalida
24 Sep 1908 - 8 Jun 1909 Eulogio Iglesias
Romero Salcedo (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
8 Jun 1909 - 14 Mar 1910 Rafael
Fernández de Villanueva (b. 1839
- d. 1931) PC
Cortez
14 Mar 1910 - 20 Mar 1910 Javier Prado y
Ugarteche (1st time)(b. 1871 - d. 1921) PC
20 Mar 1910 - 22 Jun 1910 Melitón Francisco
Porras Osores (b. 1860 - d. 1944)
(interim)
22 Jun 1910 - 3 Aug 1910 Javier Prado y
Ugarteche (2nd time)(s.a.)
PC
3 Aug 1910 - 21 Oct 1910 Germán Schreiber
Waddington (b.
1862 - d. 1930) PC
(1st time)
3 Nov 1910 - 27 Dec 1910 José
Salvador Cavero Ovalle
(b. 1850 - d. 1940) Cons
27 Dec 1910 - 31 Aug 1911 Enrique Carlos
Basadre Stevenson (b. 1848 - d. 1925)
31 Aug 1911 - 24 Sep 1912 Agustín Guillermo
Ganoza Cavero (b. 1854 - d.
1926) PC
24 Sep 1912 - 23 Dec 1912 Elías Malpartida
Franco
(b. 1842 - d. 1924) PD
24 Dec 1912 - 24 Feb 1913 Enrique Varela
Vidaurre (1st time) (b. 1856 - d. 1914)
Mil
24 Feb 1913 - 17 Jun 1913 Federico Luna y
Peralta (b.
1853 - d. 1927)
17 Jun 1913 - 27 Jul 1913 Aurélio Sousa y
Matute (1st time) (b. 1860 - d. 1925) PD
27 Jul 1913 - 4 Feb 1914 Enrique
Varela Vidaurre (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Mil
4 Feb 1914 - 15 May 1914 Vacant
15 May 1914 - 1 Aug 1914 Pedro E. Muñiz
Sevilla
(b. 1862 - d. 1915) Mil
1 Aug 1914 - 22 Aug 1914 Manuel
Melitón Carvajal Ambulodegui(b. 1847 - d. 1935)
Mil
22 Aug 1914 - 11 Nov 1914 Aurélio Sousa y
Matute (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PD
11 Nov 1914 - 19 Feb 1915 Germán Schreiber
Waddington
(s.a.)
PC
(2nd time)
19 Feb 1915 - 18 Aug 1915 Carlos Isaac
Abril
Galindo
(b. 1863 - d. 1925) Mil
18 Aug 1915 - 27 Jul 1917 Enrique
Eugenio Manuel de la Riva (s.a.)
PC
Agüero Riglos (2nd time)
27 Jul 1917 - 6 Dec 1918 Francisco
Tudela y
Varela
(b. 1876 - d. 1962) PC
6 Dec 1918 - 18 Dec 1918 Ricardo Lorenzo
Flores Gaviño (b. 1854 - d.
1939)
18 Dec 1918 - 28 Apr 1919 Germán Arenas y
Loayza (1st time) (b. 1871 - d.
1948) PC
28 Apr 1919 - 4 Jul 1919 Juan Manuel
Zuloaga
(b. 1862 - d. 1944) Mil
4 Jul 1919 - 7 Oct 1922 Germán
Leguía y Martínez Jakeway (b. 1861 - d.
1928) PDR
7 Oct 1922 - 12 Oct 1924 Julio
Enrique Ego-Aguirre Dongo (b.
1865 - d. 1941) PDR
12 Oct 1924 - 7 Dec 1926 Alejandrino
Maguiña
(b. 1864 - d. 1935)
7 Dec 1926 - 12 Oct 1929 Pedro José
Rada y
Gamio
(b. 1873 - d. 1938) PDR
12 Oct 1929 - 24 Aug 1930 Benjamín Huamán
de los Heros (b.
1878 - d. 1936) PDR
24 Aug 1930 - 25 Aug 1930 Fernando
Sarmiento Ramírez
(b. 1874 - d. 1939) Mil
25 Aug 1930 - 28 Aug 1930 Vacant
28 Aug 1930 – 24 Nov 1930 Luis Miguel Sánchez
Cerro
(s.a.)
Mil
24 Nov 1930 – 1 Mar 1931 Antonio Beingolea
Balarezo (b. 1881 - d.
1950) Mil
1 Mar 1931 - 8 Dec 1931 Vacant
8 Dec 1931 - 28 Jan 1932 Germán
Arenas y Loayza (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Jan 1932 - 13 Apr 1932 Francisco R.
Lanatta Ramírez
(b. 1879 - d. 1945) UR
13 Apr 1932 - 20 May 1932 Luis Ángel Flores
Medina
(b. 1899 - d. 1969) UR
20 May 1932 - 10 Sep
1932 Ricardo Rivadeneira
Barnuevo (b. 1872 -
d. 1954)
10 Sep 1932 - 22 Dec 1932 Carlos Zavala
Loayza
(b. 1882 - d. 1957) Ind
24 Dec 1932 - 29 Jun 1933 José Matías Manzanilla
Barrientos
(s.a.)
Ind
29 Jun 1933 - 24 Nov 1933 Jorge Prado y
Ugarteche
(b. 1889 - d. 1967) PC
24 Nov 1933 - 18 May 1934 José de la Riva
Agüero y Osma (b. 1885 -
d. 1944) PND
18 May 1934 - 24 Dec 1934 Alberto Rey de
Castro y Romaña (b. 1869 - d.
1961)
24 Dec 1934 - 18 May 1935 Carlos Arenas y
Loayza
(b. 1885 - d. 1955) Ind
18 May 1935 - 13 Apr 1936 Manuel Esteban Rodríguez
Dávila (b. 1883 - d. 1952) Mil
13 Apr 1936 - 12 Apr 1939 Ernesto Montagne
Markholz
(b. 1885 - d. 1954) Mil
12 Apr 1939 - 8 Dec 1939 Manuel
Ugarteche
Jiménez
(b. 1872 - d. 1942)
8 Dec 1939 - 3 Dec 1944 Alfredo Solf y
Muro
(b. 1872 - d. 1969)
9 Dec 1944 - 28 Jul 1945 Julio Juan
Luis East Treviño (b. 1876 -
d. 1953)
28 Jul 1945 - 31 Jan 1946 Juan Rafael Atalo
Belaúnde Diez (b. 1886 - d.
1970) FDN
Canseco
31 Jan 1946 - 12 Jan 1947 Julio Ernesto
Portugal Escobedo (b. 1894 - d.
1972) FDN
12 Jan 1947 - 30 Oct 1947 José Remigio
Alzamora Freundt (b. 1891 - d.
1953) Mil
30 Oct 1947 - 17 Jun 1948 Roque Augusto
Saldías Maninat (b. 1892 -
d. 1974) Mil
(1st time)
17 Jun 1948 - 27 Oct 1948 Armando Revoredo
Iglesias
(b. 1896 - d. 1978) Mil
27 Oct 1948 - 28 Jul 1950 Vacant
28 Jul 1950 - 9 Aug 1954 Zenón Noriega
Agüero
(s.a.)
Mil
9 Aug 1954 - 15 Jul 1956 Roque
Augusto Saldías Maninat
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)
15 Jul 1956 - 28 Jul 1956 Juan Ezequiel
Mendoza Rodríguez (b. 1902 - d. 1995)
Mil
28 Jul 1956 - 9 Jun 1958 Manuel Cisneros
Sánchez (b.
1904 - d. 1971) MDP
9 Jun 1958 - 17 Jul 1959 Luis Gallo
Porras
(b. 1893 - d. 1972) MDP
17 Jul 1959 - 24 Nov 1961 Pedro Gerardo
María Beltrán (b. 1897 - d.
1979) Ind
Espantoso
24 Nov 1961 - 18 Jul 1962 Carlos
Gregorio José Moreyra y Paz (b. 1898 - d. 1981)
MDP
Soldán
18 Jul 1962 - 28 Jul 1963 Nicolás Eduardo
Lindley López
(s.a.)
Mil
28 Jul 1963 - 31 Dec 1963 Julio Óscar
Trelles
Montes
(b. 1904 - d. 1990) AP
31 Dec 1963 - 15 Sep 1965 Fernando Leopoldo
Enrique Schwalb (b. 1916 - d. 2002) AP
López-Aldana (1st time)
15 Sep 1965 - 6 Sep 1967 Daniel
Becerra de la
Flor
(b. 1906 - d. 1987) AP
6 Sep 1967 - 17 Nov 1967 Edgardo
Seoane
Corrales
(b. 1903 - d. 1978) AP
17 Nov 1967 - 30 May 1968 Raúl Ferrero
Rebagliati
(b. 1911 - d. 1977) Ind
30 May 1968 - 2 Oct 1968 Oswaldo
Hercelles
García
(b. 1908 - d. 1969) Ind
2 Oct 1968 - 3 Oct 1968 Miguel
Elías Mujica
Gallo
(b. 1910 - d. 2001) Ind
3 Oct 1968 - 31 Jan 1973 Ernesto
Montagne
Sánchez
(s.a.)
Mil
31 Jan 1973 - 1 Feb 1975 Luis Edgardo
Mercado Jarrín
(b. 1919 - d. 2012) Mil
1 Feb 1975 - 30 Aug 1975 Francisco
Remigio Morales Bermúdez
(s.a.)
Mil
Cerrutti
30 Aug 1975 - 31 Jan 1976 Óscar Vargas
Prieto
(s.a.)
Mil
31 Jan 1976 - 16 Jul 1976 Jorge Fernández
Maldonado Solari (b. 1922 - d. 2000)
Mil
16 Jul 1976 - 30 Jan 1978 Guillermo Arbulú
Galliani
(b. 1921 - d. 1997) Mil
30 Jan 1978 - 31 Jan 1979 Óscar Molina
Pallochia
(b. 1921 - d. 1990) Mil
31 Jan 1979 - 27 Jul 1980 Pedro Ángel
Richter Fernández-Prada(b. 1921 - d. 2017) Mil
28 Jul 1980 - 9 Dec 1982 Manuel Ulloa
Elías
(b. 1922 - d. 1992) AP
9 Dec 1982 - 10 Apr 1984
Fernando Leopoldo Enrique Schwalb
(s.a.)
AP
López-Aldana (2nd time)
10 Apr 1984 - 13 Oct 1984 Sandro Tiziano
Mariátegui Chiappe (b. 1922 - d. 2013) AP
13 Oct 1984 - 27 Jul 1985 Luis Ciro
Pércovich Roca
(b. 1931 - d.
2017) AP
28 Jul 1985 - 26 Jun 1987 Luis Juan Alva
Castro
(b.
1942)
APRA
26 Jun 1987 - 17 May 1988 Guillermo Larco
Cox (1st time) (b. 1932 - d.
2002) APRA
17 May 1988 - 13 May 1989 Armando
Villanueva del Campo
(b. 1915 - d. 2013) APRA
13 May 1989 - 30 Sep 1989 Luis Alberto
Félix Sánchez Sánchez (b. 1900 - d. 1994) APRA
30 Sep 1989 - 27 Jul 1990 Guillermo Larco
Cox (2nd time)
(s.a.)
APRA
28 Jul 1990 - 15 Feb 1991 Juan Carlos
Hurtado
Miller
(b.
1940)
Ind
15 Feb 1991 - 6 Nov 1991 Carlos
Guillermo Torres y Torres (b. 1942 - d.
2000) Ind
Lara
6 Nov 1991 - 6 Apr 1992 Alfonso
Arturode los Heros Pérez (b.
1940)
Ind
Alba
6 Apr 1992 - 28 Aug 1993 Óscar de la
Puente
Raygada
(b.
1938)
Ind
28 Aug 1993 - 17 Feb 1994 José Alfonso
Ernesto Bustamante y (b.
1941)
Ind
Bustamante
17 Feb 1994 - 28 Jul 1995 Efraín Goldenberg
Schreiber (b.
1929)
Ind
28 Jul 1995 - 3 Apr 1996 Dante
Córdova
Blanco
(b.
1943)
Ind
3 Apr 1996 - 4 Jun 1998 Alberto
Ítalo Luis Pandolfi Arbulú (b. 1940)
Ind
(1st
time)
4 Jun 1998 - 21 Aug 1998 Javier
Maximiliano Alfredo
(b. 1932 - d. 2024) APRA
Hipólito Valle Riestra González
Olaechea
21 Aug 1998 - 3 Jan 1999 Alberto
Ítalo Luis Pandolfi Arbulú
(s.a.)
Ind
(2nd time)
3 Jan 1999 - 10 Oct 1999
Víctor Dionicio Joy Way
Rojas (b.
1947)
C'90
10 Oct 1999 - 29 Jul 2000 José
Alberto Bustamante Belaúnde (b. 1950 - d.
2008) Ind
29 Jul 2000 - 25 Nov 2000 Luis Federico
Beltrán Salas (b. 1950 - d.
2021) Ind
Salas Guevara Schultz
25 Nov 2000 - 28 Jul 2001 Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
de la (b. 1920 - d. 2020) Ind
Guerra
28 Jul 2001 - 11 Jul 2002 Roberto Enrique
Dañino Zapata (b.
1951)
Ind
11 Jul 2002 - 23 Jun 2003 Luis María
Santiago Eduardo Solari (b.
1948)
PP
de la Fuente
23 Jun 2003 - 12 Dec 2003 Martha
Beatriz Merino Lucero (f) (b.
1947)
Ind
12 Dec 2003 - 15 Aug 2005 Carlos Ernesto
Fernando Ferrero (b. 1941 - d.
2025) PP
Costa
16 Aug 2005 - 28 Jul 2006 Pedro
Pablo Kuczynski Goddard
(s.a.)
Ind
28 Jul 2006 - 14 Oct 2008 Jorge Alfonso
Alejandro del (b.
1950)
APRA
Castillo Gálvez
14 Oct 2008 - 11 Jul 2009 Yehude Simon
Munaro
(b. 1947)
PHP
11 Jul 2009 - 13 Sep 2010 Ángel Javier Velásquez
Quesquén (b. 1960)
APRA
14 Sep 2010 - 18 Mar 2011
José Antonio Chang Escobedo
(b. 1958)
APRA
19 Mar 2011 - 28 Jul 2011 Rosario del Pilar
Fernández (b. 1955)
APRA
Figueroa (f)
28 Jul 2011 - 10 Dec 2011
Salomón Lerner Ghitis
(b. 1946)
Ind
11 Dec 2011 - 23 Jul 2012
Óscar Eduardo Valdés Dancuart
(b. 1949)
Ind
23 Jul 2012 - 29 Oct 2013 Juan Federico Jiménez
Mayor (b. 1964)
Ind
31 Oct 2013 - 24 Feb 2014 César Villanueva
Arévalo (1st time)(b. 1946)
MRNA
24 Feb 2014 - 22 Jul 2014 René Helbert Cornejo
Díaz (b.
1962) Ind
22 Jul 2014 - 2 Apr 2015 Ethel Ana del
Rosario Jara (b.
1968)
PNP
Velásquez (f)
2 Apr 2015 - 28 Jul 2016 Pedro Álvaro
Cateriano Bellido (b.
1958)
Ind
(1st
time)
28 Jul 2016 - 17 Sep 2017 Fernando Martín
Zavala Lombardi (b. 1971)
Ind
17 Sep 2017 - 2 Apr 2018 Mercedes Aráoz
Fernández (f)
(s.a.)
PPK
2 Apr 2018 - 11 Mar 2019
César Villanueva Arévalo (2nd time)(s.a.)
APP
11 Mar 2019 - 30 Sep 2019 Salvador Alejandro Jorge
del Solar (b. 1970)
Ind
Labarthe
30 Sep 2019 - 15 Jul 2020
Vicente Antonio Zeballos Salinas (b.
1963)
Ind
15 Jul 2020 - 6 Aug 2020 Pedro
Álvaro Cateriano Bellido (s.a.)
Ind
(2nd time)
6 Aug 2020 - 11 Nov 2020 Walter Roger Martos
Ruíz
(b. 1957 - d. 2025) Ind
11 Nov 2020 - 18 Nov 2020 Ántero Flores-Aráoz
Esparza (b.
1942) Ind
18 Nov 2020 - 29 Jul 2021 Violeta Bermúdez
Valdivia (f) (b.
1961)
Ind
29 Jul 2021 - 6 Oct 2021 Guido Bellido
Ugarte
(b.
1979)
PNPL
6 Oct 2021 - 1 Feb 2022
Mirtha Esther Vásquez Chuquilín (f)(b.
1975)
Ind/FA
1 Feb 2022 - 8 Feb 2022 Héctor Valer
Pinto
(b. 1959) Ind
8 Feb 2022 - 25 Nov 2022 Aníbal Torres
Vásquez
(b. 1942) Ind
25 Nov 2022 - 10 Dec 2022 Betssy Betzabet Chávez
Chino (f) (b.
1989)
PNPL
10 Dec 2022 - 21 Dec 2022 Pedro Miguel Angulo
Arana
(b. 1960)
Ind
21 Dec 2022 - 6 Mar 2024 Luis Alberto
Otárola Peñaranda (b.
1967)
PNP
6 Mar 2024 - 14 May 2025 Gustavo Lino
Adrianzén Olaya (b.
1966)
Ind
14 May 2025 - 14 Oct 2025 Eduardo Arana Ysa
(b.
1965)
Ind
14 Oct 2025
-
Ernesto Julio Álvarez
Miranda (b. 1961)
Non-party
|
|
![[Flag of modern Inca
People (Peru, Bolivia, Chile)]](inca.gif "[Flag of
modern Inca People (Peru, Bolivia, Chile)]")
¹Presidential
vacancies:
(b) 3-9 Apr 1863: After the death of President Miguel
de San Román y Meza (s.a.) on 3 Apr 1863, the
functions of President devolved on the First Vice
President Juan Antonio Pezet y Rodríguez de la Piedra
(s.a.), who had left on tour to Europe; the Second
Vice President Pedro Nolasco Diez Canseco y Corbacho
(s.a.) resided in Arequipa and returned to the
capital, Lima, where he assumed executive authority on
9 Apr 1863, pending the return of Pezet;
(c) 15-17 Nov 2020: The resignation of Manuel Arturo
Merino de Lama (s.a.) from the office of President was
accepted by a resolution of the Congress (passed on 15
Nov 2020) which declared the office vacant and called
for the election of a President of the Congress who,
as constitutional successor, would assume the
presidency of the Republic. Francisco Rafael Sagasti
Hochhausler (s.a.) was elected President of the
Congress on 16 Nov 2020 and took oath of office as
President on 17 Nov 2020.
Territorial Disputes: Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines which favor Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru rejects Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border.
Party abbreviations: AP
= Acción Popular (People's Action, center-right,
nationalist, est.7 Jul 1956); APP
= Alianza Para el Progreso (Alliance for Progress,
populist, liberal conservative, center-right, est.8 Dec
2001); APRA = Alianza Popular
Revolucionaria Americana "Partido Aprista" (American
Popular Revolutionary Alliance, "Aprista
Party", social democratic, center-left, banned
1931-45 & 1948-56, est.7 May 1924); FA =
Frente Amplio por Justicia, Vida y Libertad "Frente
Amplio" (Broad Front for Justice, Life and
Liberty "Broad Front", leftist coalition, democratic
socialist, decentralization, anti-Fujimori, est.21 Jun
2013); Ind =
Independiente (Independent); Mor =
Partido Morado (Purple Party, reformist, social liberal,
progressive, est.16 Oct 2016); MRNA
= Movimiento Independiente Regional "Nueva
Amazonía" (Regional Independent Movement "New
Amazon", democratic decentralist, Amazonía
and San Martin regionalist, est.1983);
PDSP = Partido Democrático
'Somos Perú' (Democratic Party "We Are Peru",
christian democratic, decentralization, est.11 Sep
1997); PHP = Partido
Movimiento Humanista Peruano (Peruvian Humanist
Movement Party, reformist, humanist, center-left, est.29
Jun 2001); PNP =
Partido Nacionalista Peruano (Peruvian
Nationalist Party, socialist, nationalist, est.3 Oct
2005); PNPL = Partido Político Nacional Perú
Libre (Free Peru National Political Party,
socialist, Marxist-Leninist, social conservative,
anti-imperialist, federalist, Mariáteguism,
anti-Fujimorism, 13 Aug 2008-1 Feb 2013 named Movimiento
Político Regional "Perú Libre" ['Free Peru'
Political Regional Movement], 1 Feb 2013-2016 named
Perú Libertario [Libertarian Peru], est.15
Jan 2016); Mil = Military;
- Former parties:
AEP = Alianza Electoral Perú 2000 (Electoral
Alliance Peru 2000, pro-Fujimori coalition incl.
C'90-NM, 1999-2001); CC =
Coalición Conservadora (Conservative Coalition,
conservative electoral coalition, incl. Acción
Republicana, Partido Nacionalista, UR, 1939-1945); C'90
= Cambio '90 (Change 1990, center-right,
Fujimori personalist, 1995-2000 in
coalition with NM, 1990-2013); Cons
= Partido Constitucional (Constitutional Party,
constitutional conservative, 1884-1896); DC
= Partido Demócrata Cristiano (Christian Democratic
Party, social christian, est.17 Jan 1956);
FD = Frente Democrático "FREDEMO"
(Democratic Front, conservative coalition, 1989-1990); FDN
= Frente Democrático Nacional
(National Democratic Front, Partido Pueblo [APRA]-based
democratic, coalition, 1944-1948); MDP
= Movimiento Democrático de Pradista (Pradista [later
Peruvian] Democratic Movement, liberal, 1956-1981); PC
= Partido Civilista (Civil Party, moderate conservative,
anti-militarist, founded as Sociedad Electoral
de Independientes, 1871-1930); NM
= Nueva Mayoriá (New Majority, conservative, Fujimori
personalist, 1995-2000 in coalition with
C'90, 1992-Jul 2012); PD
= Partido Democráta (Democratic Party, liberal,
1884-1914); PDR
= Partido Democrático Reformista
(Democratic Reformist Party, 1920-1930);
PL = Partido Liberal (Liberal
Party, liberal conservative, split from PD, 1901-1923);
PPK = Peruanos Por el Kambio (Peruvians for
Change, center-right, P. Kuczynski personalist, 15 Oct
2014-2 Mar 2019, merged into Contigo 2019-2021);
PN = Partido Nacional (National
Party, est.1882); PND = Partido
Nacional Democrático; PP
= Perú Posible (Possible Peru, A. Toldedo personalist,
liberal, center-left, 1994-2016); PRP
= Partido Restaurador del Perú (Peruvian Restoring
Party, Manuel Odría personalist, 1950-1962); UR
= Unión Revolucionaria (Revolutionary Union, corporatist
fascist, anti-communist, 1931-1945)
© Ben Cahoon