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Morocco
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Note: During the period covered by this
record, there are numerous "pretenders" being proclaimed
rulers, in part because of the multiplicity of historic
capitals. Their names
appear here, with each one being indicated as "in
rebellion."
Sultans¹
6 Jun 1666 - 9 Apr 1672 `Ali I
ar-Rashid
(b. 1631 - d. 1672)
(actually from 3 Aug 1664)
Apr
1672
Muhammad I
14 Apr 1672 - 21 Mar 1727 Abu´n Nasr Isma`il
"as-Samin" (b. 1645/46 -
d. 1727)
(in rebellion from 27 Mar 1672)
1672 -
1684
al-Harrani ibn Muhammad ash-Sharif
(in rebellion)
1672 -
1684
Abu´l Abbas Ahmad I ibn Mahraz
(in rebellion)
16 Sep 1704 - 7 Jul 1705 al-`Alam
ibn Isma`ill al-Samin
(in rebellion)
22 Mar 1727 - 13 Mar 1728 Abu´l Abbas Ahmad II
"adh-Dhahabi"
(1st
time)
(b. c.1677 - d. 1729)
13 Mar 1728 - 18 Jul 1728 `Abd al-Malik
18 Jul 1728 - 5 Mar 1729 Abu´l Abbas Ahmad
II "adh-Dhahabi"
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
5 Mar 1729 - 28 Sep 1734 `Abd Allah (1st
time)
(b. 1694 - d. 1757)
28 Sep 1734 - 14 Feb 1736 `Ali II "al-A`raj"
14 Feb 1736 - 8 Aug 1736 `Abd Allah (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
8 Aug 1736 - 19 Jun 1738 Muhammad II "ibn
al-`Arabiyya"
19 Jun 1738 - Feb 1740
al-Mustadi (1st
time)
(d. 1759)
Feb 1740 - 13 Jun 1741
`Abd Allah (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
13 Jun 1741 - 24 Nov 1741 Zayn al-`Abidin
ibn Isma`ill
al-Samin
24 Nov 1741 - 3 Feb 1742 `Abd
Allah (4th
time)
(s.a.)
3 Feb 1742 - May 1743 al-Mustadi
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
May 1743 - 1747
`Abd Allah (4th
time)
(s.a.)
1747 - Oct 1748
al-Mustadi (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
1748 - Oct 1748
Muhammad III
"al-Khatib"
(b. c.1710 - d. 1790)
(1st time)
Oct 1748 - 10 Nov 1757 `Abd
Allah (5th
time)
(s.a.)
10 Nov 1757 - 9 Apr 1790 Muhammad III
"al-Khatib"
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
10 Dec 1790 - Jan 1795 Hisham
(1st
time)
(d. 1799/1800)
(in Marrakech only)
11 Apr 1790 - 23 Feb 1792 Yazid (in Fas
only)
(b. 1750 - d. 1792)
1790 - 1792
`Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad
(in rebellion)
11 Mar 1792 - 28 Nov 1822 Abu´r-Rabi
Sulayman
(b. 1760 - d. 1822)
(to Jan 1795 in Fas only)
1792 -
1799
Maslama ibn Muhammad
(in rebellion in northeast)
Oct 1795 - 29 Nov 1797 Hisham
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
(in rebllion in Marrakech)
1805
Muhammad Darhazi
(in rebellion in Wazan)
1811 -
1816
Abu Bakr Amha'us
(Berber leader, in rebellion in central Atlas)
10 Nov 1820 - 15 Mar 1821 Ibrahim ibn
Yazid
(in rebellion in Fas and Tatuan)
1820 -
1822
Sa`id (in rebellion)
15 Mar 1821 -
1821
Sa`id ibn Yazid (in rebellion)
30 Nov 1822 - 28 Aug 1859 Abu al-Fadl `Abd
ar-Rahman
(b. 1778 - d. 1859)
1822
`Abd as-Salam (in rebellion)
1832
Muhammad ibn Tayyib
(in rebellion in Fas)
28 Aug 1859 - 16 Sep 1873 Muhammad
IV
(b. 1803 - d. 1873)
1859
`Abd ar-Rahman (in rebellion)
16 Sep 1873 - 9 Jun 1894 Hasan
I
(b. 1827/28 - d. 1894)
1873
`Abd al-Kabir
(in rebellion in Miknasa)
9 Jun 1894 - 4 Jan 1908 `Abd
al-`Aziz
(b. 1878 - d. 1943)
1895
Muhammad (V) (in rebellion)
(b. c.1875 - d. af.1909)
3 Apr 1903 - 22 Aug 1909 Muhammad (V) (in
rebellion in Taza)(b. c.1865 - d. 1909)
5 May 1907 - 24 Nov 1907 `Abd al-Hafiz
(1st
time)
(b. 1875 - d. 1937)
(in rebellion)
4 Jan 1908 - 12 Aug 1912 `Abd al-Hafiz
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
25 Apr 1911 -
1911
az-Za'in
(d. af.1926)
(in rebellion in Miknasa)
Apr 1911 -
1911
al-Kabir ibn `Abd al-`Aziz
(in rebellion)
1911
`Arafa ibn Muhammad (in rebellion)
13 Aug 1912 - 17 Nov 1927
Yusuf
(b. 1882 - d. 1927)
18 Aug 1912 - 6 Sep 1912 Ahmad al-Hayba
(in rebellion) (b. c.1870 - d.
1919)
18 Nov 1927 - 20 Aug 1953 Muhammad V (1st
time)
(b. 1909 - d. 1961)
20 Aug 1953 - 30 Oct 1955 Muhammad (VI) ibn
`Arafa
(b. 1889 - d. 1976)
30 Oct 1955 - 6 Nov 1955 Council of
Throne
- Mohamed bin `Abd
as-Salam (b.
1854? - d. 1957)
al-Muqri (El Mokri)
- M'barek
al-Bekkai
(b. 1907 - d. 1961)
- Tahar Ouassou
Loudyi
(b. 1917)
- Mohamed
Sbihi
(b. 1884 - d. 19..)
6 Nov 1955 - 14 Aug 1957 Muhammad V (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Kings¹
14 Aug 1957 - 26 Feb 1961 Muhammad
V
(s.a.)
26 Feb 1961 - 23 Jul 1999 Hassan
II
(b. 1929 - d. 1999)
23 Jul 1999
-
Muhammad
VI
(b. 1963)
Grand Viziers
1792 -
18..
Mohamed bin 'Utman
1820 -
1822
Abu `Abd Allah Mohamed
bin (b.
1797 - d. 1877)
Ahmad Akansus
1822 -
1831
Abu `Abd Allah Mohamed bin Idris (b. c.1784
- d. 1847)
bin Mohamed al-Azamuri al'Amrani
al-Fasi (1st time)
1831 -
1835
....
1835 -
1847
Abu `Abd Allah Mohamed bin Idris (s.a.)
bin Mohamed al-Azamuri al'Amrani
al-Fasi (2nd time)
c.1848
al-Mukhtar al-Jama'i
1854 -
185.
Mohamed al-Saffar
1859 -
1878
Musas bin
Ahmad
(d. 1878)
1879 -
1886
Mohamed bin al-Arbi
al-Jama'i (d. 1886)
1886 - 10 Jul
1894 al
Mati al-Jama'i
10 Jul 1894 - 17 May 1900 Sidi Ba Ahmad bin
Musa
(b. 1841/42 - d. 1900)
May 1900 - Jul
1900 al-Muhtar
bin 'Abd Allah bin Hamid
1901 -
1906
Mohamed al-Mufaddal bin
Mohamed al-Garit (acting)
1906 -
1907
al-Amin al-Haji 'Umar Tazi
1907 -
1908
Mohamed bin `Abd
as-Salam
(s.a.)
al-Muqri (1st time)
May 1908 - Dec
1908 `Abd
al-Karim bin
Sulayman
(d. 1908)
(acting)
Dec 1908 - 26 May 1911
al-Mandani al-Glawi al-Fiqi
Dec 1911 -
1913
Mohamed bin Abd
as-Salam
(s.a.)
al-Muqri (2nd time)
7 Nov 1913 -
1917
Sidi Mohamed bin Mohamed al-Gabbus
29 Aug 1917 - 19 Oct 1955 Muhammad bin
Abd-Salam
(s.a.)
al-Muqri (3rd time)
19 Oct 1955 - 22 Nov 1955 Fatmi Ben Slimane
Pasha
Prime ministers
7 Dec 1955 - 12 May 1958 M'barek
Bekkai
(s.a.)
Non-party
12 May 1958 - 16 Dec 1958 Ahmed
Balafrej
(b. 1908 - d. 1990) PI
16 Dec 1958 - 20 May 1960 Abdallah
Ibrahim
(b. 1918 - d. 2005) PI/UNFP
20 May 1960 - 26 Feb 1961 Muhammad
V
(s.a.)
Non-party
20 May 1961 - 13 Nov 1963 Hassan II (1st
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
13 Nov 1963 - 7 Jun 1965 Ahmed
Bahnini
(b. 1909 - d. 1971) FDCI
7 Jun 1965 - 7 Jul 1967 Hassan II
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
7 Jul 1967 - 6 Oct 1969 Mohamed
Benhima bin
Taiyib
(b. 1924 - d. 1992) Non-party
6 Oct 1969 - 6 Aug 1971 Ahmed
Laraki
(b.
1931)
Non-party
6 Aug 1971 - 2 Nov 1972 Mohamed
Karim Lamrani (1st time) (b.
1919)
Non-party
2 Nov 1972 - 22 Mar 1979 Ahmed
Osman
(b.
1930)
RNI
22 Mar 1979 - 30 Nov 1983 Maati
Bouabid
(b. 1927 - d. 1996) UC
30 Nov 1983 - 30 Sep 1986 Mohamed Karim Lamrani
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
30 Sep 1986 - 11 Aug 1992 Azzedine
Laraki
(b. 1929 - d. 2010) Non-party
11 Aug 1992 - 25 May 1994 Mohamed Karim Lamrani
(3rd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
25 May 1994 - 4 Feb 1998 Abdellatif
Filali
(b. 1928 - d. 2009) Non-party
4 Feb 1998 - 9 Oct 2002 Abderrahmane
Youssoufi
(b.
1924)
USFP
9 Oct 2002 - 19 Sep 2007 Driss
Jettou
(b.
1945)
Non-party
19 Sep 2007 - 29 Nov 2011 Abbas El
Fassi
(b. 1940) PI
29 Nov 2011
-
Abdelilah
Benkirane
(b. 1954) PJD
¹The sultans and kings also held the title of Amir al-Mu´minin (Commander of the Faithful).
Territorial Disputes: Claims and administers Western Sahara whose sovereignty remains unresolved - UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since Sep 1991, but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters, both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling, the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco is a dormant dispute.
Party abbreviations: PI = Hizb
Al-Istiqlal/Parti d'Independence (Independence
Party "Istiqlal", nationalist,
center-right, est.1944); PJD = Hizb al-Adalah
wal-Tanmiyah
/Parti de la Justice et du Développement
(Justice and Development Party, islamic conservative,
est.1967 as Mouvement Populaire
Démocratique et Constitutionnel [Popular
Democratic and Constitutional Movement]); RNI
= Rassemblement National des Indépendents
(National Rally of Independents, center-right,
est.1978); UC = El-Etihad El-Dostouri/Union
Constitutionelle (Constitutional Union,
liberal-conservative, est.1983); USFP = Union
Socialiste des Forces Populaires (Socialist Union of
Popular Forces, social-democratic, former UNFP,
est.1975);
- Former parties: FDIC = Front
pour de la Défense des Institutions Constitutionnelles
(Front for Defense of Constitutional Institutions,
comprising MP, PSD, Constitutional Democratic Party,
pro-monarch, 1963-65); UNFP
= Union Nationale des Forces Populaires (National Union
of Popular Forces, est.1959, in 1975 became USFP)
French Morocco
-
- 13 Mar 1919 - 18 Feb 1956 Civil Ensign
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4 Aug 1907 - 28 Apr 1912 Louis Hubert Lyautey (b. 1854 - d. 1934)
French Residents-general
28 Apr 1912 - 25 Aug 1925 Louis Hubert Lyautey (s.a.)
12 Dec 1916 - 7 Apr 1917 Henri Gouraud (b. 1879 - d. 1949)
(acting for Lyautey)
4 Oct 1925 - 1 Jan 1929 Théodore Steeg (b. 1868 - d. 1950)
2 Jan 1929 - 14 Sep 1933 Lucien Saint (b. 1867 - d. 1938)
14 Sep 1933 - 22 Mar 1936 Auguste Henri Ponsot (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
22 Mar 1936 - 16 Sep 1936 Marcel Peyrouton (b. 1887 - d. 1983)
16 Sep 1936 - 5 Jun 1943 Hippolyte Noguès (b. 1876 - d. 1971)
5 Jun 1943 - 21 Jun 1943 Jacques Meyrier (acting) (b. 1892 - d. 1962)
21 Jun 1943 - 4 Mar 1946 Gabriel Puaux (b. 1883 - d. 1970)
4 Mar 1946 - 14 May 1947 Eirik Labonne (b. 1888 - d. 1971)
14 May 1947 - 28 Aug 1951 Alphonse Pierre Juin (b. 1888 - d. 1967)
28 Aug 1951 - 20 May 1954 Augustin Léon Guillaume (b. 1895 - d. 1983)
20 May 1954 - 20 Jun 1955 Francis Lacoste (b. 1905 - d. 1993)
20 Jun 1955 - 31 Aug 1955 Gilbert Yves Édmond Grandval (b. 1904 - d. 1981)
31 Aug 1955 - 11 Nov 1955 Pierre Boyer de Latour (b. 1896 - d. 1976)
11 Nov 1955 - 2 Mar 1956 André Louis Dubois (b. 1903 - d. 1998)
Spanish Morocco
-
![[Flag of Spanish Morocco
1937-1956 Merchant Flag]](ma_39s.gif)
- 7 Jan 1937 - 7 Apr 1956 Merchant Flag
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(also governors-general of Spanish West Africa 29 Aug 1934 - 20 Jul 1946)
3 Apr 1913 - 15 Aug 1913 Felipe Alfau y Mendoza (b. 1845 - d. 1937)
17 Aug 1913 - 9 Jul 1915 José Marina Vega (b. 1850 - d. 1926)
9 Jul 1915 - 18 Nov 1918 Francisco Gómez Jordana (1st time) (b. 1876 - d. 1944)
27 Jan 1919 - 13 Jul 1922 Dámaso Berenguer y Fauste (b. 1873 - d. 1953)
15 Jul 1922 - 22 Jan 1923 Ricardo Burguete Lana (b. 1871 - d. 1938)
16 Feb 1923 - 14 Sep 1923 Lópe Silvela y Casado (b. 1865 - d. 1928)
25 Sep 1923 - 16 Oct 1924 Luis de Aizpuru y Mondéjar (b. 1857 - d. 1939)
16 Oct 1924 - 2 Nov 1925 Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, (b. 1870 - d. 1930)
marqués de Estella
2 Nov 1925 - Nov 1928 Jorje Sanjurjo Sacanell Buenrostro, (b. 1872 - d. 1936)
(from 26 May 1926) marqués de Monte
Malmusi (from 1 Oct 1927, marqués
del Riff)(1st time)
Nov 1928 - 19 Apr 1931 Francisco Gómez Jordana (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Apr 1931 - 20 Jun 1931 Jorje Sanjurjo Sacanell Buenrostro, (s.a.)
marqués del Riff (2nd time)
20 Jun 1931 - May 1933 Luciano López Ferrer (b. 1869 - d. 1945)
May 1933 - 23 Jan 1934 Juan Moles Ormella (1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1945)
23 Jan 1934 - Mar 1936 Manuel Rico Arello (b. 1887 - d. 1936)
Mar 1936 - May 1936 Juan Moles Ormella (2nd time) (s.a.)
May 1936 - 18 Jul 1936 Arturo Álvarez-Buylla (acting) (b. 1895 - d. 1937)
18 Jul 1936 - Jul 1936 Eduardo Sáenz de Buruaga (b. 1893 - d. 1963)
Jul 1936 - 2 Oct 1936 Francisco Franco Bahmonde (b. 1892 - d. 1975)
2 Oct 1936 - Mar 1937 Luis Orgaz y Yoldi (1st time) (b. 1881 - d. 1946)
Aug 1937 - 12 Aug 1939 Juan Luis Beigbeder Atienza (b. 1888 - d. 1957)
16 Aug 1939 - 12 May 1941 Carlos Asensio Cabanillas (b. 1896 - d. 1969)
12 May 1941 - 4 Mar 1945 Luis Orgaz y Yoldi (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Mar 1945 - 24 Mar 1951 José Enrique Varela Iglesias (b. 1891 - d. 1951)
24 Mar 1951 - 7 Apr 1956 Rafael García Valiño y Marcén (b. 1898 - d. 1975)
Representatives of the Sultan in the Spanish Zone
(styled Khalifa of Teutan)
19 Apr 1913 - 9 Nov 1923 Mulay Muhammad
al-Mahdi bin Ismail (d. 1923)
9 Nov 1923 - 9 Nov 1925 Vacant
9 Nov 1925 - 16 Mar 1941 Mulay Hassan bin
al-Mahdi (1st time)(b. 1912 - d. 1984)
16 Mar 1941 - Oct 1945
Vacant
Oct 1945 - 7 Apr 1956
Mulay Hassan bin al-Mahdi (2nd time)(s.a.)
Rif Republic
-
- 1921 - 27 May 1926
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(18 Sep 1921) |
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Riffan (MARR) |
Independence Day |
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Organizations/Treaties: None |
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18 Sep
1921
Independence of the Rif proclaimed (al-Rif).
1 Feb
1923
Rif Republic (Dawlat al-Jumhuriyya al-Rifiyya).
27 May
1926
Dissolved by Franco-Spanish forces.
Emir (style Amir al-Rif)
18 Sep 1921 - 1 Feb 1923 Abd
el-Krim
(b. 1882 - d. 1963)
(Sayyidi Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi)
Head of State (style Ra'is al-Dawla)
1 Feb 1923 - 27 May 1926 Abd
el-Krim
(s.a.)
Prime minister
Jul 1923 - 27 May 1926 ben
Hajj Hatmi
Tangier
-
![[Flag of Morocco]](ma.gif)
- 17 Nov 1915 - 1940, 1945 - 29 Oct 1956
- Tangier National and Civil Ensign
-
-
![[Merchant
Flag Tangier International Zone 1953-1957]](mar_tang.gif)
- 20 Jun 1953 - 11 Apr 1957
- Tangier Merchant Ensign
-
- 4 Jun 1668 Tangier was declared a free city by charter, with a mayor.
- 6 Feb 1684 Re-incorporated into Morocco.
- 30 Mar 1912 City of Tangier an international protectorate.
- 1 Jun 1925
International administration begins
(representing
Britain, Spain, France [and later, Portugal, Italy,
Belgium,
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(1 Jun 1925) |
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Tangier Franco (MATF) |
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2,225 (1677) |
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Imports: $ 2.59 billion MF (1953) |
Defense was Responsibility of Signatory Powers |
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| International Organizations/Treaties 1925-1956: UPU | |||
789 Part of Morocco.
1421 Emirate of Tangier
28 Aug 1471 Portuguese possession.
15 Jul 1580 - 1 Dec 1640 Tangier along with Portugal a Spanish possession.
29 Jan 1662 Ceded to England.
the Netherlands, Sweden, United States, and from 1945
Soviet Union]) administration attached to French Morocco
(Tangier International Zone).
14 Jun 1940 Occupied by Moroccan troops under Spanish command.
4 Nov 1940 - 11 Oct 1945 Incorporated into Spanish Morocco.
29 Oct 1956 Incorporated into Morocco.
18 Apr 1960 Re-integrated with Morocco financially; international
status formally abolished.
1421 - 1437 Salih ibn Salih
1437 - 28 Aug 1471 Abdul Hasan 'Ali al-Mandari
Governors
1471 D. João
1471 - 1484 Rui (Rodrigo) Afonso de Melo,
conde de Olivença
1484 - 1487 Manuel de Melo
6 Aug 1486 - 9 Jun 1489 João de Meneses, conde de Tarouca (b. c.1460 - d. 1522)
1487 - 1489 Fernando (Fernão) Martins
Mascarenhas (acting)
1489 - 1490 Manuel Pessanha
1490 - 1501 Lopo Vaz de Azevedo
1501 - 1503 Rodrigo de Castro (Monsanto) (b. c.1440 - d. 1503?)
1502 - 1508 João de Meneses
1508 - 1521 Duarte de Meneses (1st time)
1522 - 1524 Henrique de Meneses (acting)
1524 - 1531 Duarte de Meneses (2nd time)
1531 - 1533 Álvaro de Abranches
1533 - 1536 Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto
4 Oct 1536 - 1539 Duarte de Meneses (3rd time)
1539 - 1546 João de Meneses
1546 - 1547 Francisco Botelho
1547 - 25 Jun 1550 Pedro de Meneses (d. 1550)
25 Jun 1550 - 1552 João Álvares de Azevedo (acting)
1552 - 1553 Luís de Loureiro (d. 1553)
1553 – Fernando de Meneses
1553 Pedro Garcia
1553 Pedro Álvares Correia
1553 Diogo Lopes de França (1st time)
1553 - 1564 Bernardim de Carvalho
1564 Diogo Lopes da França (2nd time)
(interim)
1 Apr 1564 - 1566 Lourenço Pires de Távora
1564 - 1566 Diogo Lopes da França (3rd time)
(interim)
1566 - 1572 João de Meneses, o Craveiro
1572 - 1573 Rui de Sousa de Carvalho (d. 1573)
1573 - Jul 1574 Diogo Lopes da Franca (3rd time)
(interim)
Jul 1574 - 25 Oct 1574 António de Portugal, prior do (b. 1531 - d. 1595)
Crato
Oct 1574 - 1577 Duarte de Meneses (1st time) (b. 1537 - d. 1588)
1577 Pedro da Silva (1st time)(interim)(d. 1578)
1577 - 1578 Duarte de Meneses (2nd time) (s.a.)
1578 Pedro da Silva (2nd time)(interim)(s.a.)
1578 - 1581 Jorge de Mendonça Cação
1581 - 1590 Francisco de Almeida
1590 Belchior de Franca (interim)
1590 - 1591 Simão Lopes de Mendonça (interim)
1591 - 1599 Aires de Saldanha
1599 - 1605 António Pereira Lopes de Berredo
1605 - 1610 Nuno de Mendonça
1610 - 1614 Afonso de Noronha
1614 Luís de Meneses
1614 - 1615 Luís de Noronha (interim)
1615 - 1616 João Coutinho
1616 - 1617 André Dias da Franca (1st time)
(interim)
1617 - 1621 Pedro Manuel
1621 - 1622 André Dias de Franca (2nd time)
(acting)
1622 - 1624 Jorge de Mascarenhas, marquês (b. 1597 - d. 1652)
de Montalvão
1624 - 1628 Miguel de Noronha,
conde de Linhares
1628 Glaaz Fernandes da Silveira
(interim)
1628 - 1637 Fernando de Mascarenhas, conde (b. c.1610 - d. 1651)
de Torre
1637 André Dias da Franca (3rd time)
(interim)
1637 - 1643 Rodrigo de Silveira,
conde de Sarzedas
1643 - 1645 André Dias da Franca (4th time)
+ Baltasar Martins de Lordelo
+ Francisco Lopes Tavares
+ Francisco Banha de Sequeira
1645 - 1649 Gastão Coutinho
1649 - 1653 Luís Lobo da Silveira
1653 - 1656 Rodrigo de Lencastre
1656 - 1661 Fernando de Meneses,
conde de Ericeira
1661 - 29 Jan 1662 Luís de Almeida, conde de (b. c.1610 - d. 1671)
Avintes
29 Jan 1662 - 1663 Henry Mordaunt, (b. 1621 - d. 1697)
Earl of Peterborough
1663 - 4 May 1664 Andrew Rutherford, Earl of Teviot (d. 1664)
4 May 1664 - 1664 Tobias Bridge (acting)
1664 - Apr 1665 John Fitzgerald
Apr 1665 - 1666 John Belasyse, Baron Belasyse (b. 1614 - d. 1689)
1666 - 1668 Sir Henry Norwood (d. 1689)
1669 - 1670 John Middleton, Earl of (b. c.1619 - d. 1674)
Middleton (1st time)
1670 - 1672 Sir Hugh Cholmley (acting) (d. 1688)
1672 - Jun 1674 John Middleton, Earl of (s.a.)
Middleton (2nd time)
1674 - 1675 Budget Meakin (acting)
1675 - 1680 William O'Brien, Earl of (b. 1640 - d. 1692)
Inchiquin
1675 - 1680 Sir Palmes Fairborne (b. 1644 - d. 1680)
(acting [for often absent Earl Inchiquin to 1680])
1 Oct 1680 - 17 Oct 1680 Charles FitzCharles, Earl of (b. 1657 - d. 1680)
Plymouth
Oct 1680 - 1681 Edward Sackville (acting)
1681 - Aug 1683 Sir Percy Kirke (b. c.1646 - d. 1691)
Aug 1683 - 5 Feb 1684 George Legge, Baron Dartmouth (b. 1648 - d. 1691)
Mayors
21 Aug 1668 - 1669 John Bland (1st time) (d. 1680)
16 Nov 1669 - 1670 Samuel Taylor
3 Nov 1670 - 1671 John Bland (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Nov 1671 - c.1673 William Staines (Staynes)
167. - 167. John White
1675 - 18 Oct 1683 William "Tangier" Smith (b. 1655 - d. 1705)
Administrators
24 Aug 1926 - 19 Aug 1929 Paul Alberge (France)
19 Aug 1929 - 1 Aug 1940 Joseph Le Fur (France)
1 Aug 1940 - 4 Nov 1940 Manuel Amieva Escandón (Spain) (b. 1889 - d. 1960)
Spanish military governor
14 Jun 1940 - 3 Nov 1940 Antonio Yuste
Governors-general
3 Nov 1940 - 1941 Antonio Yuste
1941 - 18 Nov 1942 Uriarte
18 Nov 1942 - 11 Oct 1945 Pothous
Administrators
11 Oct 1945 - 18 Jun 1948 Luis António de Magalhães Correia (b. 1873 - d. 1960)
(Portugal)
15 Aug 1948 - 9 Apr 1951 Jonkheer H.F.L.K. van Vredenburch (b. 1905 - d. 1981)
(Netherlands)
9 Apr 1951 - 21 Jun 1954 José Luís Archer (Portugal) (b. 1901 - d. 1979)
21 Jun 1954 - 31 Dec 1954 Étienne de Croÿ, prince de (b. 1898 - d. 1990)
Croÿ-Roeulx (Belgium)
4 Jan 1955 - 5 Jul 1956 Robert van de Kerckhove (b. 1890 - d. 1974)
d'Hallebast (Belgium)
Presidents of the Legislative Assembly
(and Representatives of the Sultan of Morcco)
1923 - 16 Mar
1941
Muhammad at-Tazi Bu Ashran (1st time)
16 Mar 1941 - 11 Oct 1945 Post
abolished
Oct 1945 -
1954
Muhammad at-Tazi Bu Ashran (2nd time)
1954 - 8 Jul
1956
Ahmad at-Tazi
Ifni
-
![[Spain 1945-1977]](es-1945.gif)
- to 4 Jan 1969
-
- 26 Apr 1860 Port of Sidi Ifni ceded by Morocco to Spain by Treaty of
- Tetuán; not occupied.
- 3 Nov 1884 Part of Spanish West Africa (see Western Sahara).
- 12 Nov 1912 Ifni protectorate.
- 6/9 Apr 1934 Ifni effectively occupied.
- Sep 1936 Spanish Nationalist forces take control of Ifni.
- 20 Jul 1946 United with Río de Oro as (Infi Territory of) Spanish West Africa
- (see Western Sahara).
- 10 Jan 1958 Ifni a Spanish overseas province.
- 30 Jun 1969 Spain retrocedes Infni to Morcco (retroactive to 4 Jan 1969).
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Governors of Ifni
(subordinated to Spanish High Commissioners for Morocco to 1956)
29 Aug 1934 - 12 Jan 1958 the governors
of Spanish Sahara
Governors-delegate
6/9 Apr 1934 - 20 Jul 1934 Osvaldo Fernando Capaz
Montes (b.
1874 - d. 1936)
(military governor)
1934 - 4 May 1936
Benigno Martínez Portillo
(d. 1936)
(military governor to 29 Aug 1934)
12 May 1936 - 20 Jul 1936 Carlos Pedemonte Sabin
(d.
c.1936)
20 Jul 1936 - 15 Aug 1936 Juan Montero Cabañas
15 Aug 1936 - 15 Oct 1937 Rafael Molero Pimentel
16 Oct 1937 - 1952 Juan
Fernández Aceytuno Montero
c.1952 - 11 Aug 1957 José Martín
Álvarez-Chas de Berbén (b. 1918 - d. 1957)
c.1957
Troncoso Palleiro
c.1957
Francisco Mena Díaz
Governors-general
11 Jan 1958 - 12 Feb 1959 Mariano
Gómez Zamalloa y Quirce (b. 1897 -
d. 1973)
12 Feb 1959 - 15 Nov 1961 Pedro Latorre
Alcubierre
(b. 1900 - d. 1995)
15 Nov 1961 - 3 May 1963 Joaquín
Agulla y Jiménez-Coronado (b. 1902 - d.
1971)
3 May 1963 - 5 Nov 1965 Adolfo
Artalejo Campos
(d. 1965)
5 Nov 1965 - 20 Jun 1967 Marino Trovo
Larrasquito
20 Jun 1967 - 30 Jun 1969 José Miguel Vega
Rodríguez
(b. 1913 - d. 1992)
Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña
- 1478 - 1526 Spanish settlement of Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña located
- on Moroccan Atlantic coast near Sidi Ifni (abandoned 1485-96)
- (subordinated to Canary Islands).
Alcaídes of Santa Cruz de
la Mar Pequeña
1478 - Jun 1485
Diego García de Herrera
(d. 1485)
1485 - 1496
abandoned
1496 -
1517
the governors of Grán
Canaria
10 Aug 1517 - 5 Sep 1519 Hernán Darias de
Saavedra
(de
facto)
5 Sep 1519 - 28 Mar 1522 Luis de Zapata (to
1521)
+ Francisco de Vargas
+ Cristóbal Bivas (from 1521)
28 Mar 1522 - 4 Aug 1525 Juan de
Chaves
(d. 1525)
+ Diego Vargas
Aug 1525 -
1526 the
governor of Grán Canaria
+ Diego Vargas (to ... 1525)
+ Luis de Aday (interim)
(19 Apr - 8 May 1526)
Lieutenants of the Alcaíde
at Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña
1478 -
1479
Alonso de Cabrera
1479 - 1485?
Jofre de Tenorio
1485 - 1496
abandoned
1496 - 1497
Diego Ramirez
11 Dec 1497 - Dec 1498 Rodrigo
de Narvaez
1498? -
1501
Alonso de Valenzuela
1504 - 1508?
Juan Fernandes Portugués
c.1508
Diego
de Cabrera
15.. - Aug
1517
Hernando de Baeza
c.1519
Cristóbal Bivas (Vivas)
13 Nov 1522 -
1524
Pedro Hernandez de Lugo
1524 -
1526
Luis de Aday
1506
Mazagan (El Jadida) claimed for Portugal.
1514
Portuguese possession.
18 Jul 1580 - 1 Dec 1640 Mazagan along
with Portugal a Spanish possession.
11 Mar
1769
Mazagan re-incorporated into Morocco.
Captains-major
1514 - 1517
Martim Afonso de Melo
1517 – 1520
Alvaro de Noronha
1520 - 1529
António Leite (1st time)
1529 - 1536?
....
1536? - 1537?
Manuel de Sande
1537?
António Leite (2nd
time)
1537 - 1541
João Gomes
1541 - 1548
Luís de Loureiro
(d.
1553)
1548 - 1551
Tristão de Ataíde
1551 - 1561
Álvaro de Carvalho (1st time)
1561 - 1562
Rui de Sousa de Carvalho (1st time)
(d. 1574)
1562
Álvaro de Carvalho
(2nd time)
1562
Rui de Sousa de
Carvalho (2nd time) (s.a.)
1562 - 1564
Francisco de Barros de Paiva
1564 - 1572
Rui de Sousa de Carvalho (3rd
time) (s.a.)
1572 - 1574
Pedro Álvares de Carvalho
1574
Bernardim de Carvalho
1574 - 1577
Gil Fernandes de Carvalho (1st time)
1577 - 1578
Francisco de Figueiredo (interim)
1578
Martim Correia da
Silva
1578 - 1581
João de Mendonça Furtado
(d. 1581)
1581 - 1582
Pêro de Mendonça Furtado
1582 - 1586
Francisco de Mendonça Furtado
1586
Gil Fernandes de
Carvalho (2nd time)
1586 - 1607
Diogo Lopes de Carvalho
Governors
1607 - 1610
Manuel Mascarenhas
7 Sep 1610 - 1615
Henrique Correia da Silva
1615 -
1619
Jorge Mascarenhas, marquês
(b. 1597 - d.
1652)
de Montalvão
1619 - 1624
Brás Teles de Meneses
15 Mar 1624 - Jun
1627 Gonçalo Coutinho
26 Jun 1627 - 7 Jun 1631 Francisco
de Almeida
7 Jun 1631 - 1635
João da Silva Telo de Meneses,
conde de Aveiras
1635 - Mar 1640
Francisco de Mascarenhas,
conde de Castelho Novo
Mar 1640 - Jun
1640
Luísa Antónia de Velasco (f)
+ Nuno da Cunha da Costa
(acting)
25 Jun 1640 - 1642
Martim
Correia da Silva (interim)
1642 - Nov
1645
Rui de Moura Teles
10 Nov 1645 - May 1648 João
Luís de Vasconcelos e Meneses
(b. 1600 - d. 1649)
May 1648 - Jul
1648
Junta
- António Dinis Barbosa
- Gonçalo Barreto
- Gaspar Rodrigues
1648 - 1649
Nuno da Cunha da Costa (1st time)
1649
Francisco de Noronha
(1st time)
1649 - 1650
Nuno da Cunha da Costa (2nd time)
1650 - 1654
Francisco de
Noronha (2nd time)
29 Jan 1654 - 1658
Alexandre de
Sousa Freire
1658 -
1661
Francisco de Mendonça Furtado
1661 - 1667
Cristóvão de Melo
(b.
c.1625 - d. ....)
1667 - 27 Nov
1671
Martinho Mascarenhas, conde de
Santa
Cruz
Nov 1671 - 1677
Marco de Noronha
Feb 1677 - 1681
Cristóvão de Almada
(b. 1632 - d.
1713)
1681 - 1687
Bernardim de Sousa de Távora Tavares
1687 - 1691
Manuel de
Sousa de Castro
1691 -
1692
Domingos de Matos
1692 -
1695
João de Saldanha de Albuquerque
Governors and Captains-general
1695 -
1698
Luís de Saldanha da Gama
1698 - 9 Oct
1702
Sancho de Faro e Sousa,
conde de Vimieiros
9 Oct 1702 - Sep
1705 Manuel de Sousa
Tavares de Távora
1 Oct 1705 - 27 Jul 1713 Francisco
de Melo e Castro
27 Jul 1713 -
1719
Manuel Rolim de Moura
(d. 1738)
1719 -
1724
Duarte Sodré Pereira
1724
António José de Miranda Henriques
(b. c.1695 - d. 17..)
1724 -
1734
João Jacques de Magalhães
1734 - 4 Aug 1745
Bernardo Pereira de Berredo
Aug 1745 - 1752
António Álvares da Cunha
1752 - 1757
José Leite de Sousa
(b. c.1715 - d. ....)
1757 - Sep 1763
José Joaquim Vasques da Cunha
Sep 1763 - 11 Mar
1769 Dinis
Gregório de Melo e
Castro (d. 1793)
Mendonça
Aguz
1506 - 1525 Portuguese rule at Aguz (Souira Guedima).
Captains1506 - 1507 Diogo de Azambuja (b. 1432 - d. 1518)
c.1510 - c.1516 Francisco Mendes
15.. - c.1522 Diogo de Azambuja, Jr.
152. - 1525 Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto
Alcácer Ceguer (Qsar es-Seghir)
23 Oct 1458 - 1550 Portuguese rule at Alcácer Ceguer (El Qsar es Seghir).
Captains
1458 - 1464 Duarte de Meneses, conde de Viana (d. 1464)
1464 - 1480 Henrique de Meneses
1480 - 1488 Rodrigo (Rui) Vaz Pereira
1488 - 1501 Martim de Sousa e Távora
1501 - 1512? Rodrigo de Sousa
151. - 151. António de Sousa
15.. - 15.. Martinho de Sousa e Távora (b. c.1450 - d. ....)
1521? - 1523? Pedro de Sousa, conde de Prado
c.1530 - 1531 Francisco de Carvalho
1531 - 1545 Pedro Álvares de Carvalho
1545 - 1549 Alvaro de Carvalho
15.. - 1550 Bernardim de Carvalho
1550? Rui Dias de Sousa
Arzila (Arcila)
24 Aug
1471
Portuguese rule at Arzila (Asilah).
Aug 1550 -
1577
Restored to Morocco.
1577
Portuguese rule restored.
18 Jul 1580
Arzila along with Portugal a Spanish
possession.
1589
Restored to Morocco.
Captains
1471 - 1479
Henrique de Meneses
1480 - 1481
Lopo Dias de Azevedo
1482 -
1486
João de Meneses
1486 - 1488?
Álvaro de Faria
1488? - 1495
Vasco Coutinho, conde de Redondo
(b. 14.. - d. 1522)
(1st time)(interim to 1490)
1495?
Rodrigo Coutinho
1495
João de Meneses (1st
time)(interim)
1495 - 1501
Vasco Coutinho, conde de
Redondo (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1501 - 1502
João Coutinho (1st
time)(interim)
1502 - 1505
João de Meneses (2nd
time)(interim)
1505 - 1508
Vasco Coutinho, conde de Redondo
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1508
Jorge Barreto
1508 - 1513
Vasco Coutinho, conde de Redondo
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1513
João Coutinho (2nd
time)(interim)
1513 - 1514
Vasco Coutinho, conde de
Redondo (s.a.)
(4th time)
1514 - 1523
João Coutinho (3rd
time)(interim)
1523
Manuel de Meneses (interim)
1523
Fernão Caldeira (interim)
1523 - 1525
João Coutinho (4th time)(interim)
1525 - Oct 1529
António da Silveira (substitute)
1529 - 1538
João Coutinho (5th time)(interim)
1538 - 1544?
Manuel Mascarenhas
1544 - 1546
Sebastião de Vargas
1546 - 1549
Francisco Coutinho, conde de Redondo
1549 - Aug 1550
Luís de Loureiro
(d.
1553)
Aug 1550 -
1577
Moroccan rule
1577 - 1578
Duarte de Meneses
1578
Pedro
de Mesquita
1578 - 1580?
Pedro de Silva
1580 - 158.
Vasco Fernandes Homem
3 Sep
1513
Portuguese rule in Azamor (Azemmour).
30 Oct
1541
Restored to Morocco.
3 Sep 1513 - 1513 Jaime de Bragança
1513 - 1514 Rui Barreto
May 1514 - Sep 1514 João Soares (acting)
2 Sep 1514 - 1516 Pedro de Sousa
1516 Nuno Gato (acting)
1516 - Dec 1517 Simão Correia
30 Dec 1517 - 1525 Álvaro de Noronha (b. c.1475 - d. 15..)
Jun 1525 - 1529 Jorge Viegas
10 Sep 1529 - 1530 António Leite (1st time)
1530 - 1534 Pedro de Mascarenhas
1534 - 1535 Lançarote de Freitas (interim)
1535 - 1537 Álvaro de Abranches
1537 - 1541 António Leite (2nd time)
1541 - 1542 Fernando de Noronha
Larache
20 Nov 1610 Larache (El Araich) a Spanish possession, named Castillo
de Nuestra Señora de Europa, popularly called Las Cigüeñas.
6 Dec 1689 Retaken by Morocco.
Governors
1610 - 1614 Gaspar de Valdés (b. 1561 - d. 1639)
1614 - 1618 Pedro Rodríguez de Sanistéban y (b. c.1555/53 - d. c.1628)
y Dávalos,(1st time)
1618 - 1622 Francisco Carrillo de Santoyo
(acting)
1622 - 1623 Pedro Rodríguez de Santisteban y (s.a.)
Dávalos, marqués de Cropani
(2nd time)
1623 Pedro Francisco de Sanisteban (d. c.1636)
5 Oct 1623 - Sep 1627 Juan Jaraquemada y Codina (b. c.1563 - d. 1627)
1627 - 1 Aug 1628 Diego de Vera Ordóñez (acting) (d. 1648)
1 Aug 1628 - 1630 Alonso de Alvarado y Velasco, (b. c.1579 - d. 1632)
conde de Villamor
18 Jul 1630 - 1631 Sebastián Granero de Alarcón (b. c.1569 - 1639/40)
y Pérez Coronado (1st time)
1631 - 1633 Fernando de Navarrete (acting)
1633 - 1637 Sebastián Granero de Alarcón (s.a.)
y Pérez Coronado (2nd time)
1637 - 1641 Luis de Sotomayor (b. c.1584 - d. 1649)
1641 - 1644 Cristobál de Unzueta Labrit y
Nuñez de Prado
4 Apr 1644 - 1649 Diego de Moreda y Munilla (b. c.1601 - d. 1657)
1649 - 1652 Alfonso Palomino Rajadel (acting)
1652 - 1655 Diego de Vera (2nd time)
1 Sep 1655 - 1664 Benito Figueroa y Barrantes y (d. 1670)
de la Puerta
1664 - 1668 Juan Alvarado Bracamonte
y Saravia
1668 - 1677 Juan de Barbosa (b. c.1613 - d. ....)
22 Jun 1677 - 1679 Diego Pacheco y Arce (b. c.1621 - d. c.1710)
1679 - 1683 Lorenzo de Ripalda y Ayanz (acting)
1683 - 1689 Fernando de Villerías y Medrano
1515
Briefly
occupied by Portugal and renamed São João
da Mamora.
Aug 1614
Spanish rule, named San
Miguel de Ultramar.
30 Apr 1681
Re-taken by Morocco, later named Mehdiya.
Governors
Dec 1614 - 1622
Cristóbal Lechuga
(b. 1556 - d.
1622)
Sep 1622 - 1626
Diego de Escobedo y Gallego
(b. c.1562 - d. c.1632)
1626 - 1629
Francisco de Murga y Ortiz de Orue
(d. 1634)
1629 - 1636
Toribio de Herrera y Gutiérrez
(b. c.1589 - d. 1636)
1636 - 1647
Fernando Dorado de Astorga
(d. c.1666)
1647 - 1656
José de Medrano de los Rios
1656 - 1667
Alonso Prieto de Valencia y Angulo
1667 - 5 Mar 1671
Diego Lopez Gallardo
1671 - 19 Dec 1671
Juan Torres de Vivar (1st time)
19 Dec 1671 - 11 May 1672 Pedro
Cajés (1st time)(acting)
11 May 1672 - Oct 1673
Juan Torres de Vivar (2nd time)
1673 - 1680
Pedro Cajés (2nd time)
1680 - 1681
Juan de Peñalosa y Estrada
Aug 1506
Castello Real de Mogador (Essaouira)
built.
Nov 1510
Re-taken by Morocco.
Aug 1506 - 1510 Diogo de Azambuja, Sr.
27 Jun 1507 - 1510 Francisco de Miranda
(acting for Azambuja)
1510 - May 1510 Pedro de Azevedo
May 1510 - Nov 1510 Nicolão de Sousa
Safim
1488 - Oct 1541 Portuguese rule at Safim (Safi).
Captains
1488 - 1506
no administration
1508 - 1509
Diogo de Azambuja, Sr.
1509 - 1510
Pedro de Azevedo
1510 - 19 May 1516
Nuno Fernandes de Ataíde
1516
Nuno Gato (interim)
1516 – 1520
Nuno Mascarenhas
1520 – 1522
Francisco Lopes Girão (1st time
(acting)
1522 – 9 Oct 1525
Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto
9 Oct 1525 – 1529
Garcia de Melo
1529 - 1534
Francisco Lopes Girão (2nd time)
(acting)
Mar 1534 – May 1534
Luis de Loureiro (1st time)
(d. 1553)
May 1534 – Sep 1534 Garcia
de Noronha
Sep 1534 – 1535
Jorge de Noronha
1535 – 1541
Rodrigo de Castro
1541 - 1542
Luis de Loureiro (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué
1505 - 12 Mar 1541 Portuguese rule at Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué (Agadir).
Governors
1505 - 1512
João Lopes de Sequeira
(holder of the factory)
1513 - 1517
Francisco de Castro (1st time)
1517
Pêro Leitão (interim)
1517 - 1521
Francisco de Castro (2nd time)
1521 - 1523
Simão Gonçalves da Costa (interim)
1523 - 1525
António Leitão de Gambôa (1st
time) (d. 1529)
1525 - 1528
Luís Sacoto
1528 - Feb 1529
António Leitão de Gambôa (2nd
time) (s.a.)
Feb 1529 - Jul 1529
António Rodrigues de Parada (interim)
1529 - 1533
Simão Gonçalves da Costa
1533 - 1534
Simão Gonçalves da Câmara (interim)
1534
Rui Dias de Aguiar (interim)
1534
Guterre de
Monroy (1st time)
(d. 1548)
1534 - 1538
Luís de Loureiro
(d. 1553)
1538 - 1541
Guterre de Monroy (2nd
time) (s.a.)
© Ben Cahoon