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Republic of Korea
(South Korea)
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![[Korean flag detail c.1883]](kr-old.gif)
![[Japanese Resident General, 1905-1910]](kr_jpgov.gif)
![[Japan]](jp.gif)
![[Korea, 1948-1950 flag]](kr-1952.gif)
![[South Korean flag]](kr.gif)
Note: Emperors are listed with their personal name followed by their temple name (myoho, by which rulers are generally referred to), posthumous style (si), and era name (nyonho). Era names, the adoption of which was a very strong indication of sovereignty vis-à-vis Imperial China, were not adopted before 1 Jan 1896.
Kings¹
18 Sep 1674 - 12 Jul 1720 Yi Sun
(b. 1660 - d. 1720)
myoho: Sukchong / si: Hyon-ui taewang
12 Jul 1720 - 11 Oct 1724 Yi Kyon
(b. 1688 - d. 1724)
myoho: Kyongjong / si: Tokmun taewang
11 Oct 1724 - 22 Apr 1776 Yi Kum
(b. 1694 - d. 1776)
myoho: Yongjong, later Yongjo
si: Hyonhyo taewang, Chihyong taewang
22 Apr 1776 - 18 Aug 1800 Yi Sun
(b. 1752 - d. 1800)
myoho: Chongjong, later Chongjo
si: Changhyo taewang, Munsong taewang
18 Aug 1800 - 13 Dec 1834 Yi Kwang
(b. 1790 - d. 1834)
myoho: Sunjo / si: Songhyo taewang, Yondok taewang
18 Aug 1800 - 1804
Queen Kim Jonsung -Regent
(b. 1769 - d. 1805)
13 Dec 1834 - 25 Jul 1849 Yi Hwan
(b. 1827 - d. 1849)
myoho: Honjong / si: Chulhyo taewang, Ch'egon taewang
13 Dec 1834 - Dec 1834 Queen Kim Sun-wo
Wang-ho -Regent
(1st time)
28 Jul 1849 - 16 Jan 1864 Yi Chung
(b. 1831 - d. 1864)
myoho: Ch'oljong / si: Yonghyo taewang, Huilyun taewang
1849 - 1850
Queen Kim Sun-wo Wang-ho -Regent
(2nd time)
21 Jan 1864 - 12 Oct 1897 Yi Hyong
(b. 1852 - d. 1919)
myoho: Kojong
nyonho 1 Jan 1896 - 14 Oct 1897: Konyang
21 Jan 1864 - 22 Dec 1873 Hung-son Taewon-gun -Regent
(b. 1820 - d. 1898)
21 Jan 1864 - 1866
Cho Sin-chong -Regent
Dec 1873 - 1894
Mun Ch'i-rok -Regent
(b. 1849 - d. 1895)
Emperors¹
12 Oct 1897 - 20 Jul 1907 Yi Hyong
(s.a.)
myoho: Kojong
nyonho 14 Oct 1897 - 20 Jul 1907: Kwangmu
20 Jul 1907 - 29 Aug 1910 Yi Ch'ok
(b. 1874 - d. 1926)
myoho: Sunjong
nyonho 20 Jul 1907 - 29 Aug 1910: Lyunghui
Residents-general
21 Dec 1905 - 14 Jun 1909 Marquess Hirobumi Ito
(b. 1841 - d. 1909)
(from 21 Sep 1907, Duke Hirobumi Ito)
14 Jun 1909 - 30 May 1910 Viscount Arasuke Sone
(b. 1849 - d. 1910)
30 May 1910 - 1 Oct 1910 Viscount Masatake Terauchi
(b. 1852 - d. 1919)
Governors-general
1 Oct 1910 - 9 Oct 1916 Viscount Masatake Terauchi
(s.a.)
(from 21 Apr 1911, Count Masatake Terauchi)
16 Oct 1916 - 12 Aug 1919 Count Yoshimichi Hasegawa
(b. 1850 - d. 1924)
12 Aug 1919 - 10 Dec 1927 Makoto Saito (1st time)
(b. 1858 - d. 1936)
(from 1925, Viscount Makoto Saito)
14 Apr 1927 - 1 Dec 1927 Kazushige Ugaki (1st time)
(b. 1868 - d. 1956)
(acting for Saito)
10 Dec 1927 - 17 Aug 1929 Hanzo Yamanashi
(b. 1865 - d. 1944)
17 Aug 1929 - 17 Jun 1931 Viscount Makoto Saito (2nd time)
(s.a.)
17 Jun 1931 - 5 Aug 1936 Kazushige Ugaki (2nd time)
(s.a.)
5 Aug 1936 - 15 Jun 1942 Jiro Minami
(b. 1874 - d. 1957)
15 Jun 1942 - 22 Jul 1944 Kuniaki Koiso
(b. 1880 - d. 1950)
25 Jul 1944 - 12 Sep 1945 Nobuyuki Abe
(b. 1875 - d. 1953)
President of the Korean People's Republic (not recognized)
6 Sep 1945 - 12 Sep 1945 Syngman Rhee (Lee Seung-Man) (b. 1875
- d. 1965)
(absent, did not take office)
6 Sep 1945 - 12 Sep 1945 Yeo Unhyeong (Yo Un-hyong)
(b. 1885 - d. 1947)
(acting)
U.S. Commander-in-chief (USAMGIK)
9 Sep 1945 - 15 Aug 1948 John Reed Hodge
(b. 1893 - d. 1963)
U.S. Military governors
12 Sep 1945 - Dec 1945 Archibald V. Arnold
(b. 1889 - d. 1973)
Dec 1945 - 11 Sep 1947 Archer L. Lerch
(b. 1894 - d. 1947)
Oct 1947 - 15 Aug 1948 William F. Dean
(b. 1899 - d. 1981)
Presidents
15 Aug 1948 - 3 May 1960 Syngman Rhee
(s.a.)
LP
28 Jun 1950 - 29 Sep 1950 Yi Sung Yup
(b. 1905 - d. 1953) CND
(chairman of Seoul Provisional People's Committee;
under North Korean occupation)
3 May 1960 - 15 Jun 1960 Ho Chong (1st time) (acting)
(b. 1896 - d. 1988) LP
15 Jun 1960 - 26 Jun 1960 Kwak Sang Hoon (acting)
(b. 1896 - d. 1979) DP
26 Jun 1960 - 13 Aug 1960 Ho Chong (2nd time) (acting)
(s.a.)
LP
13 Aug 1960 - 24 Mar 1962 Yun Po Sun
(b. 1897 - d. 1990) DP
24 Mar 1962 - 26 Oct 1979 Park Chung Hee
(b. 1917 - d. 1979) Mil; 1963
(acting to 17 Dec 1963; de facto leader as chairman of the
DRP
Supreme Council for National Reconstruction from 3
Jul 1961)
26 Oct 1979 - 16 Aug 1980 Choi Kyu Hah
(b. 1919 - d. 2006) DRP
(acting to 6 Dec 1979)
16 Aug 1980 - 1 Sep 1980 Park Choong Hoon (acting)
(b. 1919 - d. 2001) Mil
1 Sep 1980 - 25 Feb 1988 Chun Doo Hwan
(b. 1931)
Mil;1981 DJP
25 Feb 1988 - 25 Feb 1993 Roh Tae Woo
(b. 1932)
DJP;1990 MDD
25 Feb 1993 - 25 Feb 1998 Kim Young Sam
(b. 1927)
MDD;1995 SHD
25 Feb 1998 - 25 Feb 2003 Kim Dae Jung
(b. 1925)
SJKH;2000 MD
25 Feb 2003 - 25 Feb 2008 Roh Moo Hyun
(b. 1946) SMD; Sep
2003
(suspended 12 Mar 2004 - 14 May 2004)
Non-party; May 2004 UD;
Feb 2007 Non-party
12 Mar 2004 - 14 May 2004 Goh Kun
(b. 1938)
Non-party
(acting for suspended Roh)
25 Feb 2008 - Lee
Myung Bak
(b. 1941) HD
Chief ministers (title youngwijong [1884-84 chonglidaeshin
or prime minister])
1873 - 1876 Lee Choe Ung
1873 - 1874
Min Sungho (acting for Yi)
(d. 1874)
1876 - 1881
Pak Kyu Su
1881 - 1884
Shin Hun
Dec 1884 - 5 Dec 1884 Hong Yon Sik
7 Dec 1884 - 1888
Kim Hong Jip (1st time)
(d. 1896)
1888 - Jul 1894
Shum Suntek
23 Jul 1894 - Apr 1895 Kim Hong Jip (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Prime ministers (title wijongdaeshin)
Apr 1895 - Jun 1895 Pak
Yong Hyo
Jun 1895 - Oct 1895 Pak
Che Sun
Oct 1895 - Feb 1896 Kim
Hong Jip
(s.a.)
12 Feb 1896 - 1896
Han Kyu Sol (1st time)
1896 - 1897
Lee Won Yong (1st time) (b. 1858 - d. 1926)
1897 - 1898
Yong Yong Sun (1st time)
1898
Yu Kui Hwai (acting)
(d. 1902)
1899 - 1901
Shin Ki Sun
1901 - 1903
Yong Yong Sun (2nd time)
1904 - 1905 Lee Kum Myong
1905
Han Kyu Sol (2nd time)
1905 - 1907
Pak Che Sun (1st time)
1907 - 1909
Lee Won Yong (2nd time) (s.a.)
1909 - Jul 1910
Pak Che Sun (2nd time)
29 Jul 1910 - 29 Aug 1910 Lee Won Yong (3rd time) (s.a.)
Chairman of the Provisional Council
15 Aug 1945 - 6 Sep 1945 Yeo Unhyeong (Yo Un-hyong)
(s.a.)
Premier of the Korean People's Republic (not recognized)
6 Sep 1945 - 15 Sep 1945 Heo Heon (Ho Hon) (b. 1885 - d. 1951) CKD
Chief Civil Administrators
1945 - 1947? Brainard E. Prescoff
Feb 1947 - 15 Aug 1948 Ahn Jae Hong
(b. 1891 - d. 1965)
Chairmen of the Interim Legislative Assembly
12
Dec 1946 - 3 Mar 1948 Kim Kyu Sik
(b. 1881 - d. 1950)
3 Mar
1948 - 31 May 1948 Syngman Rhee
(s.a.)
LP
Speaker of the Constituent Assembly
31
May 1948 - 15 Aug 1948 Syngman Rhee
(s.a.)
LP
Prime ministers
1 Aug 1948 - 21 Apr 1950 Lee Bum Suk
(b. 1900 - d. 1972) Non-party
21 Apr 1950 - 23 Nov 1950 Shin Sung Mo (acting)
(b. 1898 - d. 1960) Non-party
23 Nov 1950 - 24 Apr 1952 Chang Myon (1st time)
(b. 1899 - d. 1966) LP
24 Apr 1952 - 6 May 1952 Yi Yun Yong (acting)
(b. 1890 - d. 1975) LP
6 May 1952 - 6 Oct 1952 Chang Taek Sang
(b. 1893 - d. 1969) LP
9 Oct 1952 - 17 Jun 1954 Paik Too Chin (1st time)
(b. 1908 - d. 1993) LP
(acting to 24 Apr 1953)
28 Jun 1954 - 28 Nov 1954 Pyun Yung Tai
(b. 1892 - d. 1969) LP
28 Nov 1954 - 15 Jun 1960 Post abolished
15 Jun 1960 - 18 Aug 1960 Ho Chong
(s.a.)
LP
18 Aug 1960 - 18 May 1961 Chang Myon (2nd time)
(s.a.)
DP; 1960 SD
Chief Cabinet ministers
20 May 1961 - 3 Jul 1961 Chang Do Yung
(b. 1923)
Mil
3 Jul 1961 - 16 Jun 1962 Song Yo Chan
(b. 1918 - d. 1980) Mil
18 Jun 1962 - 10 Jul 1962 Park Chung Hee
(s.a.)
Mil
10 Jul 1962 - 17 Dec 1963 Kim Hyun Chul
(b. 1901 - d. 1989) Non-party
Prime ministers
17 Dec 1963 - 11 May 1964 Choi Doo Sun
(b. 1894 - d. 1974) Non-party
11 May 1964 - 20 Dec 1970 Chung Il Kwon
(b. 1917 - d. 1994) Non-party
20 Dec 1970 - 4 Jun 1971 Paik Too Chin (2nd time)
(s.a.)
DRP
4 Jun 1971 - 19 Dec 1975 Kim Jong Pil (1st time)
(b. 1926)
DRP
19 Dec 1975 - 6 Dec 1979 Choi Kyu Hah
(s.a.)
DRP
(acting to 13 Mar 1976)
12 Dec 1979 - 22 May 1980 Shin Hyon Hwak (1st time)
(b. 1920 - d. 2007)
DRP
22 May 1980 - 2 Sep 1980 Park Choong Hoon (acting)
(s.a.)
Mil
2 Sep 1980 - 4 Jan 1982 Nam Duck Woo
(b. 1924)
DJP
(acting to 22 Sep 1980)
4 Jan 1982 - 25 Jun 1982 Yoo Chang Soon
(b. 1918)
DJP
(acting to 23 Jan 1982)
25 Jun 1982 - 14 Oct 1983 Kim Sang Hyup
(b. 1920 - d. 1995) DJP
(acting to 21 Sep 1982)
14 Oct 1983 - 19 Feb 1985 Chin Iee Chong
(b. 1921)
DJP
(acting to 17 Oct 1983)
19 Feb 1985 - 26 May 1987 Lho Shin Yong
(b. 1930)
DJP
(acting to 16 May 1985)
26 May 1987 - 14 Jul 1987 Lee Han Key (acting)
(b. 1917 - d. 1995) DJP
14 Jul 1987 - 25 Feb 1988 Kim Chung Yul
(b. 1917 - d. 1992) Non-party
(acting to 7 Aug 1987)
25 Feb 1988 - 5 Dec 1988 Lee Hyun Jae
(b. 1929)
Non-party
(acting to 2 Mar 1988)
5 Dec 1988 - 27 Dec 1990 Kang Young Hoon
(b. 1922)
DJP;1990 MDD
(acting to 16 Dec 1988)
27 Dec 1990 - 24 May 1991 Ro Jai Bong
(b. 1936)
MDD
24 May 1991 - 8 Jul 1991 Shin Hyon Hwak (2nd time)
(acting) (s.a.)
Non-party
8 Jul 1991 - 8 Oct 1992 Chung Won Shik
(b. 1928)
Non-party
8 Oct 1992 - 25 Feb 1993 Hyun Soong Jong
(b. 1919)
Non-party
25 Feb 1993 - 17 Dec 1993 Hwang In Sung
(b. 1926)
MDD
17 Dec 1993 - 22 Apr 1994 Lee Hoi Chang
(b. 1935)
MDD
22 Apr 1994 - 17 Dec 1994 Lee Yung Duk
(b. 1926) MDD
17
Dec 1994 - 18 Dec 1995 Lee Hong Koo
(b. 1934)
MDD
18 Dec 1995 - 4 Mar 1997 Lee Soo Sung
(b. 1939)
SHD
4 Mar 1997 - 3 Mar 1998 Goh Kun (1st time)
(s.a.)
SHD
3 Mar 1998 - 13 Jan 2000 Kim Jong Pil (2nd time)
(s.a.)
JMY
(acting to 17 Aug 1998)
13 Jan 2000 - 19 May 2000 Park Tae Joon
(b. 1927)
JMY
19 May 2000 - 22 May 2000 Lee Hun Jai (1st time)(acting)
(b. 1944)
Non-party
22 May 2000 - 11 Jul 2002 Lee Han Dong
(b. 1934)
JMY
(acting to 29 Jun 2000)
11 Jul 2002 - 31 Jul 2002 Chang Sang (f)(acting)
(b. 1939)
Non-party
31 Jul 2002 - 9 Aug 2002 Jeon Yun Churl (acting)
(b. 1939)
Non-party
9 Aug 2002 - 10 Sep 2002 Chang Dae Whan (acting)
(b. 1952)
Non-party
10 Sep 2002 - 26 Feb 2003 Kim Suk Soo
(b. 1932)
Non-party
(acting to 5 Oct 2002)
26 Feb 2003 - 25 May 2004 Goh Kun (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
25 May 2004 - 30 Jun 2004 Lee Hun Jai (2nd time)(acting)
(s.a.)
Non-party
30 Jun 2004 - 14 Mar 2006 Lee Hai Chan
(b. 1952)
UD
14 Mar 2006 - 19 Apr 2006 Han Duck Soo (1st time)(acting)
(b. 1949)
Non-party
19 Apr 2006 - 7 Mar 2007 Han Myung Sook (f)
(b. 1944)
UD
7 Mar 2007 - 2 Apr 2007 Kwon O Kyu
(acting)
(b. 1952) UD
2 Apr 2007 - 29 Feb 2008 Han Duck Soo (2nd time)
(s.a.) Non-party
29 Feb 2008 - Han Seung Soo
(b.
1936) Non-party
Chinese Director-general
Oct 1885 - 17 Apr 1895 Yuan Shi-kai
(b. 1859 - d. 1916) Mil
Commanders of United States and United Nations Forces
8 Jul 1950 - 11 Apr 1951 Douglas MacArthur (U.S.)
(b. 1880 - d. 1964)
11 Apr 1951 - 12 May 1952 Matthew Bunker Ridgway (U.S.)
(b. 1895 - d. 1993)
12 May 1952 - 28 Jul 1953 Mark W. Clark (U.S.)
(b. 1896 - d. 1984)
Provisional Government of
the Republic of Korea in Exile
![[Korea Flag 1883-1910]](kr_1910-22.gif) |
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1 Mar 1919
Independence declared from Japan during March First Movement
(not recognized).
10 Apr 1919 Exile government organized.
15 Sep 1919
Provisional Government of Republic of Korea formed
exile in Shanghai, China in the French Concession
(not internationally recognized).
1937 - 1945
Relocated to Chongqing (Chungking), China.
15 Aug 1945
Dissolved following Japanese surrender.
Chairman of the Provisional Legislative Assembly
10 Apr 1919 - 6 Sep 1919 Lee Dong Nyong (Yi Dongnyeong) (d. 1940)
Presidents
6 Sep 1919 - 23 Mar 1925 Syngman Rhee
(s.a.)
(to 8 Dec 1920 in Washington, DC)
23 Mar 1925
- 1 Nov 1925 Park Eun Sik
(b. 1861 - d. 1925)
1 Nov 1925 - Aug 1927 Post abolished
Chairmen
Aug 1927 - Mar 1933 Lee Dong Nyong (1st time) (s.a.)
Mar 1933 - Jan 1934 Song
Pyung Jo
Jan 1934 - Oct 1935 Yang
Ki Suk
Oct 1935 - Nov 1935 Lee Dong Nyong (2nd time) (s.a.)
Nov 1935 - Nov 1936 Lee
Si Yong
Nov 1936 - Oct 1940 Lee Dong Nyong (3rd time) (s.a.)
Oct 1940 - Aug 1945 Kim
Gu (Kim Ku)
(b. 1876 - d. 1949)
Prime minister
10 Apr 1919 - 23 Apr 1919 Syngman Rhee
(s.a.)
Chief Executive
23 Apr 1919 - 23 Sep 1919 Syngman Rhee
(s.a.)
Prime ministers
13 Apr 1919 - 15 Sep 1919 Lee Dong Nyong (1st time) (s.a.)
23 Sep 1919 - Jan 1921 Lee Tong Hui (Yi Donghwhi)
(b. 1873 - d. 1935)
Jan 1921 - May 1921 Lee Dong Nyong (2nd time) (s.a.)
May 1921 - Sep 1922 Shin
Kyu Sik (Sin Gyu-sik) (b. 1879 - d. 1922)
Sep 1922 - Apr 1924 Lho
Bak Rin (1st time)
Apr 1924 - Dec 1924 Lee Dong Nyong (3rd time) (s.a.)
Dec 1924 - Mar 1925 Park
Eun Sik
(s.a.)
Mar 1925 - Jul 1925 Lho
Bak Rin (2nd time)
1925
Lee Sang Yong (Yi Sang-ryong) (b. 1858 -
d. 1932)
1925
Yang Ki Suk
Dec 1925 - Dec 1926 Hong
Jin (Hong Myeon-hui) (b. 1877 - d. 1946)
Dec
1926 - Apr 1927 Kim
Gu
(s.a.)
Apr 1927 Post abolished
¹The full style of the ruler was:
(a) 27 Mar 1393 - 7 Jan 1895: Seongju Sangteon Cheonha
{untranslatable},
Choseon Kukwang
([Chinese: Zhaoxian guowang] "King of the Choseon State");
(b) 7 Jan 1895 - 12 Oct 1897: Taegunju P'yeha {untranslatable},
Choseon
Kukwang
("King of the Choseon State");
(c) 12 Oct 1897 - 29 Aug 1910: Taehan Hwangje ([Chinese:
Daihan
huangdi] "Emperor of Great Han").
Territorial Disputes: Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km wide Demilitarized Zone has separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic incidents with North Korea in the Yellow Sea over the Northern Limiting Line, which South Korea claims as a maritime boundary; South Korea and Japan claim Liancourt Rocks (Tok-do/Take-shima), occupied by South Korea since 1954.
Party abbreviations: JMY = Jayu Minju Yonmaeng (United
Liberal Democrats, conservative);
HD = Hannara Dang (Grand National Party, conservative);
MD
= Minju Dang (Democratic Party); SMD = Saecheonnyeonminju Dang (Millennium
Democratic Party [in Korean, called simply Democratic Party], center-left,
est. 20 Jan 2000 formerly SJKH);
Mil
= Military;
- Former parties: CND = Choson Nodongdang
(Workers Party of [North] Korea, dictatorial communist); DJP = Democratic
Justice Party (1980-9 Feb 1990 merged with MDD); DP = Democratic
Party (opposition to Syngman Ree and LP); DPR = Reunification Democratic
Party (1981-9 Feb 1990, merged into MDD); DRP = Democratic Republican
Party (govt. party 1963-1980);
LP = Liberal Party (pro-Syngman Ree); MDD = Democratic
Liberal Party (est. 9 Feb 1990 merger of DJP, Reunification Democratic
Party [RDP] and New Democratic Republican Party [RDNP]; Dec 1995 became
New Korea Party [SHD]); RDNP = New Democratic Republican Party (1987-9
Feb 1990, merged into MDD); SD = Sinmindang (New Democratic Party,
formed in Nov 1960 by splinters of DP); SHD = Shin Hankuk Dang (New
Korea Party, center-right, later part of HD); SJKH = Sae Jungchi
Kukmin Hoiee (National Congress for New Politics, personalist, centrist,
from 20 Jan 2000 MD); UD = Yeollin Uri Party (Our Open Party, liberal, 2003-18 Aug 2007)
©2000 Ben Cahoon