Kenyan Traditional states

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Kenyan Traditional States

Note: This record deals with the two major coastal polities (Pate island, with its successor Witu, and Mombasa) and three major polities of the interior (Masai, Nandi, Wanga). Other known
polities are very minor and the information is very sketchy.

Pate

1203                       Pate sultanate independent from Kilwa Kisiwani
1858                       Former ruler founds Witu sultanate on mainland after
                             several abortive moves.
1870                       Pate state extinguished.

Sultans (styled mfalume in Kiswahili)
1779 - 1809                Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr
1809 - 1813                Ahmad ibn Shaykh
1813 - 1818                Fumo Luti "Kipunga" ibn Fumo Madi
1818 - 18..                Fumo Luti ibn Ahmad
18.. - 1823                Bwana Shaykh ibn Fumo Madi (1st time)
1823 - 18..                Bwana Waziri ibn Bwana Tamu (1st time)
18.. - 18..                Bwana Shaykh ibn Fumo Madi (2nd time)
18.. - 1830                Bwana Waziri ibn Bwana Tamu (2nd time)
1830 - 1840                Fumo Bakari ibn Shaykh
1840 - 1856                Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari
1856 - 1858                Ahmad Simba Balla ibn Fumo Luti
1858 - 1870                Shaykh Muhammad

Witu


27 May 1885 - 1 Jul 1890

Map of Wituland

Capital: Witu

1858                       Former ruler of Pate founds Witu sultanate on mainland
                             after several abortive moves.
8 Apr 1885                25 sq. mile area purchased from Sultan by Denhardt brothers.
27 May 1885                German protectorate declared (Wituland).
18 Jun 1890                British protectorate declared.
1 Jul 1890                Germany renounces its protectorate.

Sultans (styled mfalume in Kiswahili)
1858 - 1888                Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari
1888 - 1890                Fumo Bakari ibn Ahmad
1890 - 1891                Bwana Shaykh ibn Ahmad
1891 - 1893                Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad (1st time)
1893 - 7 Jul 1895         Vacant
7 Jul 1895 - ....     Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad (2nd time)

German Residents
8 Apr 1885 - 1 Jul 1890 Gustav Denhardt (b. 1856 - d. 1917)
+ Clemens Andreas Denhardt (b. 1852 - d. 1928)

Mombasa


31 Jul 1893 - 23 Jul 1920

1502                       Mvita (Kiswahili) or Manbasa (Arabic) sultanate
                             independent from Kilwa Kisiwani.
11 Apr 1593                Portuguese occupation (Fortaleza de Jesus de Mombaça).
11 Apr 1593 - 1 Dec 1640 Mombaça along with Portugal a Spanish possession.
13 Aug 1631 - May? 1632 Swahili occupation. 5 Aug 1632                Portuguese re-occupation.
1638 - 12 Dec 1698         Portuguese colony (subordinated to Goa).
12 Dec 1698                Under Omani sovereignty.
16 Mar 1728 - 26 Nov 1729 Portuguese occupation.
26 Nov 1729                Under Omani sovereignty.
1746                       Independent (disputed by Oman).
9 Feb 1824 - 25 Jul 1826 British protectorate delcared (not recongized by U.K.).
25 Jul 1826                Omani rule restored.
24 Jun 1837                Annexed by Zanzibar.
25 May 1887                Administration relinquished to the British East Africa
                             Association (see under Kenya).
1 Jul 1895                Kenya protectorate (i.e., the coastal strip nominally under
                             Zanzibari sovereignty).12 Dec 1963                Incorporated into independent Kenya.

Captains-major1593 - 1596                Mateus Mendes de Vasconcellos1596 - 1598                António Godinho de Andrade1598 - 1606                Rui Soares de Melo1606 - 1609               Gaspar Pereira1609 - 1610               Pedro Gomes de Abreu 1610 - 1614                Manuel de Melo Pereira1614 - 1620                Simãode Melo Pereira1620 - 1625                Francisco de Sousa Pereira
1625 - 1629                Marçal de Macedo
1629 - 13 Aug 1631         Pedro Leitao de Gamboa    (d. 1631)
13 Aug 1631 - May? 1632    Yusuf bin Hasan -Sultan (d. 1638?) (Jeromino Chingulia) 1632 - 1635    Pedro Rodriuges Botelho
1635 - 1639                Francisco de Seixas Cabreira
                             (1st time)
1639 - 1642                Martim Afonso Manuel
1643 - 1646                Manuel de Sousa Coutinho
1646 - 1648 Diogo de Barros da Silva 1648 - 1651                António da Silva de Meneses
1651 - 1653                Francisco de Seixas Cabreira
                             (2nd time)
1653 - 1658                ....
1658 - 1663                José Botelho da Silva
1663 - 1667                Manuel de Campos
1667 - 1670                João Santos? Cota
1671 - 1673                João Homem da Costa
1673 - 1676                Manuel de Campos Mergulhão
1676 - 1679                Francisco Morais de Faria
1679 - 168.                Manuel Teixeira Franco
168. - 1682                Pedro Taveira Henriques
1682 - 1686      Leandroda Costa 1686 - 1688                João Antunes Portugal
1688 - 1693                Duarte Figueiredo de Melo
1693 - 1694                Pascoal de Abreu Sarmento
1694 - 1696                João Rodrigues Leão
1696 - 1697                Antonio Mogo de Melo
1697 - Jan 1698            Dau, príncipe de Faza
Dec 1697 - Jan 1698 JoséPereira de Brito (did not take office) 1698 - 13 Dec 1698         Leandro Barbosa Souto-maior    (d. 1698)
Governors (Wali [Liwali in Kiswahili])
12 Dec 1698 - Dec 1698     Imam Sa`if ibn Sultan
Dec 1698 - 1728            Nasr ibn Abdallah al-Mazru`i
1728 - 12 Mar 1728         Shaykh Rumba
Captain-major
16 Mar 1728 - 26 Nov 1729  Álvaro Caetano de Castro e Melo
Governors (Wali [Liwali in Kiswahili])
1730 - 1734                Muhammad ibn Said al-Ma'amri
1735 - 1739                Salih ibn Uthman al-Hadermi
1739 - 1745                Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Mazru`i
1746                       `Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru`i
Sultans
1746 - 1755                `Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru`i
1755 - 1773                Masud ibn Naisr al-Mazru`i
1773 - 1782                Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mazru`i
1782 - 1811                Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru`i      (b. 17.. - d. 1814)
1812 - 1823                `Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Mazru`i    (d. 1823)
1823 - 1826                Sulayman ibn `Ali al-Mazru`i
Governors (Wali [Liwali in Kiswahili])
1826 - Mar 1835            Salim ibn Ahmad al-Mazru`i         (d. 1835)
Mar 1835 - 1836            Nasur ibn Ahmad al-Mazru`i
1836 - 1837                Rashid ibn Salim al-Mazru`i        (d. 1839)
1837 - 24 Jun 1837         Khamis ibn Rashid al-Mazru`i       (d. af.1861)
1837 - 1860                Abdallah ibn Hamish al-Mazru`i
1860 - 1873                Mubarrak ibn Rashid al-Mazru`i
1873 - 1 Jul 1895         Rashid ibn Hamish al-Mazru`i

British Commandants
9 Feb 1824 - 13 Feb 1824 William Fitzwilliam Wentworth      (b. 1774 - d. 1857)
                             Owen
13 Feb 1824 - 29 May 1824 John James Reitz (d. 1824)
29 May 1824 - Sep 1824     Phillips (acting)
Sep 1824 - 25 Jul 1826     James B. Emery (acting)

Masai

187.                       Masai clans united.
1888                       Included in British East Africa.
1918                       Chiefdom abolished by the British authorities.

Laibons¹ (after 1904 paramount chiefs)
187. - 1890                Mbatian                            (b. c.1820 - d. 1890)
1890 - 1911                Lenana
1911 - 1918                Segi

¹Both the Laibon and the Orkoiyoi were in origin only chief ritual leaders. Later they also became political and military leaders.

Nandi

184. Nandi clans united.
1888 Included in British East Africa (final submission in 1905).

Orkoiyois¹
184. - 186.                Barsabotwo
18.. - c.1890              Kimnyole
c.1890 - ....              Kuitatee

¹Both the Laibon and the Orkoiyoi were in origin only chief ritual leaders. Later they also became political and military leaders.

Wanga

16.. Kingdom of Wanga founded.
1888 Included in British East Africa.

Kings (title Nabonga)
c.1850 - c.1882 Shiunda (d. c.1882)
c.1882 - 1926 Mumia (b. c.1850 - d. 1948)