Kenya
 

15 Dec 1889 - 1895  British East Africa            1895 - 1963 British East Africa Governor's flag                                 1895 - 1921                            1921 - 12 Dec 1963                   Adopted 12 Dec 1963    Map of Kenya  Hear National Anthem "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"  (Oh God of All Creation)  Text of National Anthem Adopted 1963 Constitution (27 Aug 2010) -------------------------------- Former Constitution (12 Dec 1963 - 27 Aug 2010) Capital: Nairobi (Mombasa 1888-1895) Currency: Kenyan Shilling (KES)  National Holiday: 12 Dec (1963) Independence Day Population: 37,953,840 (2008) GDP: $61.83 billion (2008) Exports: $4.72 billion (2008) Imports: $9.48 billion (2008) Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 21%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 11%, Gusii 6%, Meru 5%, other (other African, Asian, European, and Arab) 19% (2004) Total Active Armed Forces: 24,120 (2006) Merchant marine: 1 ship (2008) Religions: Christian 79.3% (of which Roman Catholic 22%, African Christian 20.8%, Protestant 20.1%), Muslim 7.3%, nonreligious, traditional beliefs and other 13.4% (2000) International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfDB, APM, AU, BTWC, C, CCM (signatory), CEN-SAD, COMESA, CTBT, CWC, EAC, EADB, ESCR, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Kenya Index Chronology 27 May 1885 -  1 Jul 1890  German protectorate over Witu; contested by                               Britain. 25 May 1887                Sultan of Zanzibar grants coastal areas to the                               British East Africa Association.  3 Sep 1888                East Africa colony of the Imperial British                              East Africa Company.  1 Jul 1895                British East Africa Protectorate; including                              the coastal domains of Zanzibar which are also                               under U.K. protectorate (and are relinquished                              to Kenya upon it's independence). 23 Jul 1920                Kenya Colony and Protectorate. 15 Jul 1924                Jubaland (or Trans-Juba) ceded by Britain to                              Italy; part of Italian Somalia). 15 Jul 1940 - 24 Feb 1941  Italian occupation of Moyale and Buna.   1 Jun 1963                Self-rule achieved. 12 Dec 1963                Independence from Britain (Kenya). 12 Dec 1964                Republic of Kenya Native states  Historical Maps of Kenya

President of the British East Africa Association
(from 3 Sep 1888, Chairman of Imperial British East Africa Company)
25 May 1887 - 1889         Sir William Mackinnon              (b. 1823 - d. 1893)
Administrators
 3 Sep 1888 - May 1890     George Sutherland Mackenzie        (b. 1844 - d. 1910)
                             (1st time) 
May 1890 - Feb 1891        Francis Walter de Winton           (b. 1835 - d. 1901)
Feb 1891 - 1891            George Sutherland Mackenzie        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
1891 - Sep 1891            Ernest James Lennox Berkeley       (b. 1857 - d. 1932)
                             (acting)
Sep 1891 - 1892            Lloyd Williams Matthews            (b. 1851 - d. 1901)
Feb 1892 - 1893            Sir Gerald Herbert Portal          (b. 1858 - d. 1897)
1893 - Jul 1895            John R.W. Pigott (acting)
Commissioners
 1 Jul 1895 -  7 Oct 1900  Arthur Henry Hardinge              (b. 1859 - d. 1933)
                             (from 1897, Sir Arthur Henry Hardinge) 
 7 Oct 1900 - 30 Dec 1900  C.H. Craufurd (acting)
30 Dec 1900 - 20 May 1904  Sir Charles Norton Eliot           (b. 1862 - d. 1931)
20 May 1904 -  1 Aug 1904  Frederick Jackson (1st time)       (b. 1859 - d. 1929)
                             (acting)
 1 Aug 1904 -  1 Oct 1905  Sir Donald William Stewart         (b. 1860 - d. 1905)
 1 Oct 1905 - 12 Dec 1905  Frederick Jackson (2nd time)       (s.a.)
                             (acting)
12 Dec 1905 - 31 Dec 1905  Sir James Hayes Sadler             (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
Governors
31 Dec 1905 - 12 Apr 1909  Sir James Hayes Sadler             (s.a.)
12 Apr 1909 - 16 Sep 1909  Charles Calvert Bowring (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1945)
                             (acting)
16 Sep 1909 - 17 Jul 1912  Sir Edouard Percy Cranwill         (b. 1867 - d. 1932)
                             Girouard 
17 Jul 1912 -  4 Oct 1912  Charles Calvert Bowring (2nd time) (s.a.)
                             (acting)
 4 Oct 1912 - 14 Apr 1917  Sir Henry Conway Belfield          (b. 1855 - d. 1923)
14 Apr 1917 -  1 Feb 1919  Sir Charles Calvert Bowring        (b. 1872 - d. 1945) 
                             (3rd time)(acting)
 1 Feb 1919 - 28 Aug 1922  Sir Edward Northey                 (b. 1868 - d. 1953)
31 Aug 1922 - 10 Feb 1925  Sir Robert Thorne Coryndon         (b. 1870 - d. 1925)
10 Feb 1925 -  3 Oct 1925  Edward Denham (acting)             (b. 1876 - d. 1938)
 3 Oct 1925 - 27 Sep 1930  Sir Edward William Macleay Grigg   (b. 1879 - d. 1955)
27 Sep 1930 - 13 Feb 1931  Sir Henry Monck-Mason Moore        (b. 1887 - d. 1964)
                             (1st time) (acting)
13 Feb 1931 - 22 Dec 1936  Sir Joseph Aloysius Byrne          (b. 1874 - d. 1942)
22 Dec 1936 -  6 Apr 1937  Armigel de Vins Wade (acting)      (b. 1880 - d. 1966)
 6 Apr 1937 - 30 Sep 1939  Sir Robert Brooke-Popham           (b. 1878 - d. 1953)
30 Sep 1939 -  9 Jan 1940  Walter Harragin (acting)           (b. 1890 - d. 1966)
 9 Jan 1940 - 25 Oct 1944  Sir Henry Monck-Mason Moore        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (acting)
25 Oct 1944 - 12 Dec 1944  Gilbert McCall Rennie (acting)     (b. 1895 - d. 1981)
12 Dec 1944 - 21 Jun 1952  Sir Philip Euen Mitchell           (b. 1890 - d. 1964)
21 Jun 1952 - 29 Sep 1952  Henry S. Potter (acting)           (b. 1904 - d. 1976)
29 Sep 1952 - 14 Oct 1959  Sir Evelyn Baring                  (b. 1903 - d. 1973)
14 Oct 1959 - 23 Oct 1959  Walter Fleming Coutts (acting)     (b. 1912 - d. 1988)
23 Oct 1959 - 17 Nov 1962  Sir Patrick Muir Renison           (b. 1911 - d. 1965)
17 Nov 1962 -  4 Jan 1963  Sir Eric Griffith-Jones (acting)   (b. 1913 - d. 1979)
 4 Jan 1963 - 12 Dec 1963  Malcolm John MacDonald             (b. 1901 - d. 1981)
Queen¹
12 Dec 1963 - 12 Dec 1964  the Queen of the United Kingdom
Governor-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)
12 Dec 1963 - 12 Dec 1964  Malcolm John MacDonald             (s.a.)
Presidents
12 Dec 1964 - 22 Aug 1978  Jomo Kenyatta                      (b. 1891 - d. 1978)  KANU
22 Aug 1978 - 30 Dec 2002  Daniel Toroitich arap Moi          (b. 1924)            KANU
                             (acting to 14 Oct 1978)
30 Dec 2002 -  9 Apr 2013  Emilio Mwai Kibaki                 (b. 1931)        DP/NRC;2007 PNU
 9 Apr 2013 -              Uhuru Kenyatta                     (b. 1961)            TNA

Leader of Government Business
Apr 1961 -  6 Apr 1962     Ronald Gideon Ngala                (b. 1923 - d. 1972)  KADU
Prime ministers
 1 Jun 1963 - 12 Dec 1964  Jomo Kenyatta                      (s.a.)               KANU
12 Dec 1964 - 17 Apr 2008  Post abolished
17 Apr 2008 -  9 Apr 2013  Raila Amolo Odinga                 (b. 1945)            ODM
 9 Apr 2013                Post abolished

Chairmen of the Board of Directors of Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC)
 3 Sep 1888 - 29 May 1893  Sir William Mackinnon              (s.a.)
1893 - 30 Oct 1895         Sir Arnold Burrowes Kemball        (b. 1830 - d. 1908)

   ¹Full style:
(a) 12 Dec 1963 - 1963/64: "By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith";
(b) 1963/64 - 12 Dec 1964: "Queen of Kenya and of Her other Realms and Territories, 
Head of the Commonwealth."

Territorial Disputes: Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in Feb 2005; Kenya provides shelter to almost a quarter of a million refugees, including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; the boundary that separates Kenya's and Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the "Ilemi Triangle," which Kenya has administered since colonial times.

Party abbreviations: DP = Democratic Party (conservative, part of NRC); KANU = Kenya African National Union (Kenyan nationalist, authoritarian, sole party 1969-82, only legal party 1982-91); NRC = National Rainbow Coalition (centerist, anti-KANU opposition coalition); ODM = Orange Democratic Movement of Kenya (reformist, opposition); PNU = Party of National Unity (pro-Kibaki coalition); TNA = The National Alliance (democratic alliance, 2008 split from PNU, from 2012 pro-Uhuru Kenyatta, est.2000);
- Former parties: KADU = Kenya African Democratic Union (1960-64, merged into KANU)