Aruba
 

1636 - 15 Dec 1959

15 Dec 1959 - 18 Mar 1976

Adopted 18 Mar 1976

Map of Aruba Hear National Anthem "Wilhelmous van Nassouwe" (William of Nassau) Hear Local Anthem "Aruba Dushi Tera" (Aruba Precious Country) Adopted 18 Mar 1976 Constitution (1 Jan 1986; in Dutch) Capital: Oranjestad (c.1772-Feb 1827 Horses' Bay;  1636-c.1772 Commanders Bay) Currency: Aruban Guilder/Florin (AWG) National Holiday: 18 Mar (1976) Anthem and Flag Day Population: 107,635 (2011)  GDP: $2.72 billion (2011) Exports: $4.3 billion (2011) Imports: $4.7 billion (2011) Ethnic Groups: mixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80%, other (Dutch, Spanish, and or black) 20% (1998) Total Police Force: 250 (2006) Defense is the Responsibility of The Netherlands Merchant marine: None (2011) Religions: Christian 96.2% (Roman Catholic 81.9%, Protestant 7.3%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%), Spiritist 1%, nonreligious 1.4%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish, and other 1.4%, (2000) International Organizations/Treaties: ACS (associate), Caricom (observer), DLU (candidate), ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITUC, LAP, UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WMO Aruba Chronology 26 Jul 1499                Discovered and claimed for Spain by Alonso de Ojeda                              and named Oro Hubo. 1502                       Part of New Andalucia (from 1524, New Granada). 15 Nov 1526                First record mention as Oruba. 10 May 1636                Aruba a Dutch colony (subordinate to Curaçao). 1636 - 1792                Under Dutch West India Company administration. 1647 - 1664                Part of New Netherland colony (see New York). 30 Jan 1648                Spain recognizes Dutch possession of Aruba.  1799 - 1802                British protectorate. Oct 1804  (1 week)         British occupation. 12 Feb 1805 - 20 Nov 1805  British occupation. 11 Jan 1806 - 11 Mar 1816  British occupation. 1828                       Bonaire, Aruba, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius,                               Sint Maarten and Dutch Guiana united as                               the Dutch West Indies; with the governor                              of Dutch Guiana as the governor-general                              (see Suriname). 27 Jan 1848                Islands united under the name of Curaçao and                              Dependencies (from 20 Sep 1948, renamed                              Netherlands Antilles). 29 Dec 1954                Netherlands Antilles an autonomous part of                               the Netherlands. 11 May 1940 - 16 Jan 1942  British protectorate. 16 Jan 1942 - 1945         U.S. protectorate. 25 Mar 1977                Referendum Aruba 82% of voters support independence                              and withdrawal from the Netherlands Antilles. 12 Mar 1983                Autonomy granted; to be followed by independence                               within ten years.  1 Jan 1986                Separation from Netherlands Antilles, Aruba an                              autonomous country of The Netherlands. Jun 1990                   Movement toward full independence (that was to                              occurr on 1 Jan 1996) halted at Aruba's request.

Commanders
1660?                      Hendrick Martens
1667?                      N. Williams
1676? - 21 Dec 1680        Joseph Flaccius (1st time)         (b. 16.. - d. 1715)
1680                       Willem Kien (acting)
1680? - 1681               Johannes Bontemantel
1681 - Oct 1715            Joseph Flaccius (2nd time)         (s.a.)
1717? - 1719               Hermanus Koolman
1719 - 1721                Willem Palmers
1721 - 1722                Pieter Pieterszoon van Kempen
1722 - 1726                Willem Janszoon (1st time)
1726 - 1730                Isaak Obbens
1730 - 1739                Willem Janszoon (2nd time)
1739 - 1754                Daniel Nieuwkerk                   (d. 1754)
1754 - 1756                Lourens Croes (acting)             (b. 1707 - d. 1758) 
1756 - 1768                Jan van der Biest I                (b. c.1700 - d. 1768) 
1768 - 1780                Gillis Poppe (acting to 1772)
1780 - 1791                Harmen van der Biest               (b. 1725 - d. ....)
1791 - 1792                Jacobus Pellicorne Porrier
1792 - 1803                Borchard Specht                    (b. c.1740 - d. 18..) 
1799                       Edward Hamilton 
                             (British commander)
May 1800                   Henry Anderson (British commander)
Sep 1800                   Watkins (British commander)
1803 - 1804                Pieter Specht
Oct 1804  (1 week)         Mahling (Maling)(British commander)
                             (1st time)
1804 - 1805                Johan Craneveldt
1805 -  8 Oct 1805         Bruin Govertsz Quant (1st time)    (b. c.1760 - d. 18..)
 8 Oct 1805 - 20 Nov 1805  W. Doran
20 Nov 1805                Patrick Balfour
Nov 1805                   Pedro Luis Brion (acting)
Nov 1805 - 15 Jan 1806     Bruin Govertsz Quant (2nd time)    (s.a.)
12 Feb 1805 - 20 Nov 1805  Mahling (Maling)(British commander)
                             (2nd time)
15 Jan 1806 - 1806         Joseph Franke (acting)
1806                       Samuel Bartholomeus van            (b. 17.. - d. 1817)
                             den Broek (Commissioner)
                             (1st time)(acting)
1806                       Jan van der Biest II (1st time)
1806 - 18..                Samuel Bartholomeus van            (s.a.)
                             den Broek (Commissioner)
                             (2nd time)(acting)
10 Apr 1806 - 15 Apr 1806  Francisco de Miranda (1st time)    (b. 1750 - d. 1816)
                             (military commander)
19 Aug 1806 - 25 Sep 1806  Francisco de Miranda (2nd time)    (s.a.)
                             (military commander)
10 Nov 1810 - 181.         John Harrison Church 
181.                       Hartmann?
181. - 11 Mar 1816         I. van der Biest
                             (British civil commander)
11 Mar 1816 -  1 Jul 1819  Lodewijk Christoph Boyé
1819 -  1 Jan 1822         Jan van der Biest II (2nd time)
                             (acting)
 1 Jan 1822 - 1826         Jacob Thielen I 
1826 - 1827                Simon Plats
1827 - 1833                Johan Frederik Waters Gravenhorst  (b. 1800 - d. 18..)
                             (acting to 1829)  
Directors
1833 - 1837                Johan Frederik Waters Gravenhorst  (s.a.)
1837                       Gerard Jan van Spall               (b. 1795 - d. 1853)
1839 - 1848                Jacobus Jarman, Jr.
Lieutenant governors (gezaghebbers)
1848 - 1859                Jacobus Jarman, Jr.
1859                       Borchard Specht (acting)
1859                       Michaël de Veer (1st time)(acting)
1859 - 1860                Herman François Gerardus Wagner    (b. 1822 - d. 1904)
1860 - 1863                Michaël de Veer (2nd time)
1863 - 1866                Edouard Dénis Ernest van den       (b. 1831 - d. 1908)
                             Bossche 
1866 - 1871                Jan Helenus Ferguson               (b. 1826 - d. 1908)
1871 - 1876                Willem Melanchton Bennebroek
                             Gravenhorst
1876 - 1883                Jan Hendrik Rudeloff Beaujon       (b. 1838 - d. 1930)
1883 - 1888                David Gäerste Willemszoon          (b. 1841 - d. 1898)
1885                       E.L. Zeppenfeldt
                             (acting for Willemszoon)
1885 - 1886                P.J.C. Lampe (acting for Willemszoon)
1888 - 1897                Jacob Thielen II (1st time)        (b. 1834 - d. 1915)
1897                       J.G. Lampe (acting)
1897 - 1899                Johannes Adriaan de Veer           (b. 1853 - d. 1899)
1899 - 1901                Jacob Thielen II (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
1901 - 1909                Gerard Raven Zeppenfeldt           (b. 1863 - d. 19..)
1911 - 1920                Hendrik Johannes Beaujon           (b. 1870 - d. 19..)
1920 - 1928                Jan Frederik Quast                 (b. 1875 - d. 1953)
1928 - 1945                Isaac Wagemaker                    (b. 1884 - d. 19..)
1931                       J.N. van der Veen Zeppenfeldt
                             (acting for Wagemaker)
1934 - 1934                J.H. Perret Gentil
                             (acting for Wagemaker)
1938                       M.B. Bartels Daal
                             (acting for Wagemaker)
1945 - 1957                Lindoro Cristoffel Kwartsz         (b. 1873 - d. 1959)
1947                       A.M. Schütte (acting for Kwartsz)
1948                       H.B.C. Schotborgh
                             (acting for Kwartsz)
1949 - 1950                H.A. Hessling (acting for Kwartsz)
1951                       Fr.A. Jas (acting for Kwartsz)
1952                       P.G. Hooghoudt (acting for Kwartsz)
1957                       P. Croes (acting)
1957 - 1958                K.H. de Boer (acting)
1958 - 1959                E. Arends (acting)
1959                       Oscar Siegfried Henriquez (acting) (b. 1926)
                             (1st time)
1959                       Otto R.A. Beaujon (acting)         (b. 1915 - d. 1984)
1959 - 1964                Frederik J.C. Beaujon              (b. 1906 - d. 1964)
1964 - 1973                Oscar Siegfried Henriquez          (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1973 - 1979                Francisco J. "Jossy" Tromp         (b. 1925)
1979 - 1982                Francisco D. Figaroa               (b. 1927 - d. 1993)
1982                       Remy R. Zaandam (acting)           (b. 1936)
1982 - 1983                Euladio D. Nicolaas (acting)       (b. 1941)
1983 -  4 Oct 1985         Pedro Bislip                       (b. 1937 - d. 2007)
1985 - 31 Dec 1985         Frans Wernet (acting)              (b. 1929 - d. 1995)
Governors
 1 Jan 1986 - 12 Mar 1992  Felipe Tromp                       (b. 1917 - d. 1995)
12 Mar 1992 - 11 May 2004  Olindo Koolman                     (b. 1942)
11 May 2004 -              Fredis Refunjol                    (b. 1950)

Leaders of the government (unofficial post)
1954 - 1973?               ....                                                    PPA
1973? - 1977?              Gilberto "Betico" F. Croes         (b. 1938 - d. 1986)  MEP
1977? - 1979?              ....                                                    PPA
1979? - 31 Dec 1985        Gilberto "Betico" F. Croes         (s.a.)               MEP
Prime ministers
 1 Jan 1986 -  9 Feb 1989  Jan Hendrik "Henny" Albert Eman    (b. 1944)            AVP 
                             (1st time) 
 9 Feb 1989 - 29 Jul 1994  Nelson Orlando Oduber (1st time)   (b. 1947)            MEP
29 Jul 1994 - 30 Oct 2001  Jan Hendrik "Henny" Albert Eman    (s.a.)               AVP 
                             (2nd time) 
30 Oct 2001 - 30 Oct 2009  Nelson Orlando Oduber (2nd time)   (s.a.)               MEP 
30 Oct 2009 -              Michiel "Mike" Godfried Eman       (b. 1961)            AVP

Allied Military Commanders Aruba
(subordinated to Commanders of All Allied Forces Aruba and Curaçao)
11 May 1940 - 16 Jan 1942  .... (U.K.)
16 Jan 1942 - 11 Feb 1942  Frank Andrews (U.S.)
11 Feb 1942 - 1942         Jones (U.S.)
31 Mar 1942 - Jun 1942     Jesse B. Oldendorf (U.S.)           (b. 1887 - d. 1947)
Jun 1942 - 1945            .... (U.S.)

Party abbreviations: AVP = Arubaanse Volkspartij/Partido di Pueplo Arubano (Aruban People's Party, christian-democratic, est.1942); MEP = Movimiento Electoral di Pueblo (People's Electoral Movement, social-democratic, est.1971); PPA = Partido Patriótico Arubano (Aruban Patriotic Party, est.1949)