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Slovakia (Slovak Republic)
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![[Slovakia flag, 1848,
1939-1945]](sk_1848.gif "[Slovakia flag,
1848, 1939-1945]")
![[semi-official flag of
Czechoslovakia 1918-1920]](cz-1918.gif "[semi-official flag of
Czechoslovakia 1918-1920]")
![[Flag of
Czechoslovakia 1920-1992]](cz-sk.gif "[Flag of Czechoslovakia
1920-1992]")
![[Slovakia
Flag]](sk.gif "[Slovakia Flag]")
Rulers
c.800 - c.825
....
c.825 - 833
Pribina (Privina)
(b.
c.800 - d. 861)
President of Slovak People's Republic
11 Dec 1918 - 29 Dec 1918 Viktor Dvorčák
(Győző Dvorcsák) (b. 1878 - d.
1943)
(in rebellion, Košice)
Chairman of the Worker's Council of Pozsony
31 Dec 1918 - 1 Jan 1919 Gábor
Mészáros
(b. 1896 - d. 1920)
MSzDP
(in rebellion, in Pozsony [Bratislava])
Czechoslovak Commander of the Regional Military
Command in Slovakia (in Košice)
29 Dec 1918 - 6 Jun 1919
František Schöbl (in Košice)
(b. 1868 - d. 1937) Mil
Hungarian Commander (of the III
Corps, in Košice)
6 Jun 1919 - 16 Jun 1919 Jenő
Landler
(b. 1875 - d. 1928) MSzP
Hungarian Political Officer (in Košice)
6 Jun 1919 - 16 Jun 1919 Ferenc
(Franz) Münnich
(b. 1886 - d. 1967) MSzP
Revolutionary Executive Committee of Slovak
Conciliar ("Soviet") Republic
16 Jun 1919 - 20 Jun 1919 Committee
members
- Samuel Čapó (Csapó)
(b. 1883 -
d. 1947) MSzP
- Ján Vavrica
(b. 1891 - d. 1938)
MSzP
- L'udovít Jakab
(b. 1887 - d. 1957) MSzP
- Jozef Varecha
(b. 1885 - d.af.1945)MSzP
- Antonín Janoušek
(b. 1877 -
d. 1941) MSzP
- Štefan Stehlík
(b. 1888 - d.
1952) MSzP
- Štefan Mokráň
(b.
1887 - d. 1971) MSzP
- Ernest
Pór
(b. 1889 - d. 1937) MSzP
- František Fehér
(b. 1885 - d. 1952) MSzP
- Gustáv Fleischer
(b. 1871 -
d. 1956) MSzP
- Jozef Czápai (Cápay)
(b. 1892 - d. 1927) MSzP?
(in rebellion, in
Košice)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Governing Council
20 Jun 1919 - 7 Jul 1919 Antonín
Janoušek
(s.a.)
MSzP
(in rebellion, in Prešov)
Czechoslovak Commander of the Regional
Military in Slovakia
7 Jul 1919 - 30 Oct 1919
František Schöbl (in Žilina)
(b. 1868 - d. 1937) Mil
Czechoslovak Provincial Commander
9 Mar 1939 - 11 Mar 1939 Lev
Prchala
(b. 1892 - d. 1963) Mil
Presidents
14 Mar 1939 - 3 Apr 1945 Jozef
Tiso
(b. 1887 - d. 1947) HSLS-SSNJ
(acting to 26 Oct 1939; from 22 Oct
1942 also styled Vodca
[Leader]; in
Kremsmünster, Austria exile to 8 May 1945)
1 Jan 1993 - 2
Mar 1993 Vladimír Mečiar (1st time)(acting) (b.
1942)
HzDS
2 Mar 1993 - 2
Mar 1998 Michal Kováč
(b. 1930 - d. 2016) HzDS
2 Mar 1998 - 30 Oct
1998 Vladimír Mečiar (2nd time)(acting)
(s.a.)
HzDS
5 Aug 1998 - 29 Oct 1998 Ivan
Gašparovič
(b.
1941)
HzDS
(acting jointly with Mečiar)
30 Oct 1998 - 15 Jun 1999 Mikuláš
Dzurinda (acting)
(b.
1955)
KDH
29 Oct 1998 - 15 Jun 1999 Jozef Migaš
(b.
1954)
SDL
(acting jointly with Dzurinda)
15 Jun 1999 - 15 Jun 2004 Rudolf
Schuster
(b.
1934)
SOP
15 Jun 2004 - 15 Jun 2014 Ivan Gašparovič
(b. 1941)
LS-HzDS;2014 SDS
15 Jun 2014 - 15 Jun 2019 Andrej
Kiska
(b. 1963)
Non-party
15 Jun 2019 - 15 Jun 2024 Zuzana Čaputová (f)
(b.
1973)
Non-party
15 Jun 2024 -
Peter
Pellegrini
(b.
1975)
Hlas–SD
Presidents of the Government of the Slovak Region
7 Oct 1938
- 9 Mar 1939 Jozef Tiso (1st
time)
(s.a.)
HSLS-SSNJ
9 Mar 1939 - 11 Mar 1938
Jozef
Sivák
(b. 1886 - d. 1959) HSLS-SSNJ
11 Mar 1939 - 13 Mar 1939 Jozef Tiso
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
HSLS-SSNJ
13 Mar 1939 - 14 Mar 1939 Karol
Sidor
(b. 1901 - d. 1953) HSLS-SSNJ
Prime ministers (chairmen of
the government)
14 Mar 1939 - 27 Oct 1939 Jozef Tiso (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
HSLS-SSNJ
27 Oct 1939 - 5 Sep 1944 Vojtech
Lazár "Béla" Tuka
(b. 1880 - d.
1946) HSLS-SSNJ
5 Sep 1944 - 3 Apr
1945 Štefan
Tiso
(b. 1897 - d. 1959) HSLS-SSNJ
(in Kremsmünster,
Austria exile to 8 May 1945)
1 Jan 1993 - 16 Mar 1994 Vladimír
Mečiar (1st
time)
(s.a.)
HzDS
16 Mar 1994 - 13 Dec 1994 Jozef
Moravčík
(b.
1945)
Non-party
13 Dec 1994 - 30 Oct 1998 Vladimír
Mečiar (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
HzDS
30 Oct 1998 - 4 Jul 2006 Mikuláš
Dzurinda
(s.a.)
KDH;2000 SDKU
4 Jul 2006 - 9 Jul
2010 Robert Fico (1st time)
(b.
1964)
SMER-SD
9 Jul 2010 - 4 Apr
2012 Iveta Radičová (f)
(b. 1956)
SDKU-DS
4 Apr 2012 - 22 Mar 2018
Robert Fico (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Smer-SD
22 Mar 2018 - 21 Mar 2020 Peter
Pellegrini
(s.a.)
Smer-SD
21 Mar 2020 - 1 Apr 2021 Igor Matovič
(b. 1973)
OLaNO
1 Apr 2021 - 15 May 2023 Eduard
Heger
(b. 1976) OLaNO;7-3-23 Dem
15 May 2023 - 25 Oct 2023 Ľudovít
Ódor
(b.
1976)
Non-party
25 Oct 2023
-
Robert Fico (3rd
time)
(s.a.)
Smer-SD
(incapacitated from 15 May 2024)
15 May 2024 - 10 Jul 2024 Robert Kaliňák (acting
for Fico) (b.
1971)
Smer-SD
Commanders of Soviet Forces
Operating in Slovakia and Subcarpathia
(Ruthenia)
6 Aug 1944 - 24 Mar 1945
Ivan Yefimovich Petrov
(b. 1896 - d. 1958) Mil
25 Apr 1945 - Jul 1945
Andrey Anreyevich
Yeremenko (b.
1892 - d. 1970) Mil
Commanders of German Occupation Forces
31 Aug 1944 - 14 Sep 1944 Gottlob
Christian Berger
(b. 1896 - d. 1975) Mil
14 Sep 1944 - 4 Apr 1945 Hermann
Höfle
(b. 1911 - d. 1962) Mil
German Envoys and Ministers
Plenipotentiary
30 Jun 1939 - 29 Jul 1940
Hans Bernard
(b. 1892 -
d. 1960) NSDAP
29 Jul 1940 - 19 Jan 1941 Manfred
Freiherr von Killinger (b.
1886 - d. 1944) NSDAP
19 Jan 1941 - 4 Apr 1945 Hans
Elard
Ludin
(b. 1905 - d. 1947) NSDAP
Territorial Disputes: Bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continued in 2006 between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules.
Party abbreviations: Dem = Demokrati
(Democrats, liberal conservative, center-right, pro-EU,
named Modrá koalícia [Blue Coalition] to 7 Mar 2023,
split from OLaNO, est.27 Jan 2023); Hlas-SD =
Hlas - Sociálna Demokracia ('Voice' - Social Democracy,
center-left, social conservative, social democratic,
pro-European, split from Smer-SD, est.11 Sep 2020); KDH
= Krest' anskodemokratické Hnutie (Christian Democratic
Movement, christian-democratic, center-right, pro-EU,
est.23 Feb 1990); OLaNO = Obyčajní L'udia a
Nezávislé Osobnosti (Ordinary People and Independent
Personalities, conservative, christian-democratic,
populist, pro-EU, est.28 Oct 2011); SDKU-DS
= Slovenská Demokratická a Krest'anská Únia
- Demokratická Strana (Slovak
Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party,
christian-democratic, liberal conservative, formerly
SDKU and DS, est.21 Jan 2006); SDS
= Strana Demokratického Slovenska (Democratic Party of
Slovakia, former LS-HzDS, est.5 Mar 2014);
Smer-SD
= Smer-Sociálna Demokracia ('Direction'-Social
Democracy, social democratic, to to 1 Jan 2005 known
as Smer [Tretia Cesta] or Direction [Third Way],
center-left, social conservative, social democratic,
soft Euroscepticism, Russophile, split from SDL, est.8
Nov 1999); Mil =
Military;
- Former
parties: DU = Demokratická Únia
(Democratic Union, liberal, 25 Mar 1995-26 Sep 2000,
merged into SDKU); HzDS =
Hnutie za Demokratické Slovensko (Movement for a
Democratic Slovakia, conservative, populist, 5 Mar
1991-14 Jun 2003, renamed LS-HzDS); HSLS-SSNJ
= Hlinkova Slovenská L'udová Strana - Strana Slovenskej
Národnej Jednoty (Hlinka's Slovak People's Party - Party
of Slovak National Unity, Slovak nationalist,
fascist, only legal party from 1 Oct 1939,
former HSLS, 8 Nov 1938 - 4 Apr 1945);
LS-HzDS =
L'udová Strana–Hnutie za demokratické Slovensko (People's
Party-Movement for a Democratic Slovakia, conservative,
populist, former HzDS, 14 Jun 2003-11 Jan 2014,
renamed SDS); MSzDP =
Magyar Szociáldemokrata Párt (Hungarian Social
Democratic Party, social-democratic, 7 Dec
1890-12 Jun 1948); MSzP
= Magyar Szocialista Párt (Hungarian Socialist
Party, democratic socialist, merger of MSzDP
and Hungarian Communist Party, 21
Mar 1919-1 Aug 1919);
NSDAP =
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National
Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi fascist,
authoritarian, German nationalist, xenophobic,
1920-1945); SDK =
Slovenská Demokratická Koalícia (Slovak Democratic
Coalition, comprising Democratic Party, Social
Democratic Party of Slovakia, Slovak Green Party, DU,
and KDH, 4 Jul 1998-Aug 2002); SDKU
= Slovenská Demokratická a Krest'anská Únia
(Slovak Democratic and Christian Union,
christian-democratic, 18 Feb 2000 - 21 Jan 2006, merged
into SDKU-DS); SDL
= Strana Demokratickej L'avice (Party of the Democratic
Left, social democratic, split from KSS, 26 Jan 1991-31
Dec 2004, merged into SMER-SD); SNS
= Slovenská Národná Strana (Slovak
National Party, Slovak nationalist, 1871-15 Dec 1938,
merged into HSLS-SSNJ); SOP =
Strana Občianskeho Porozumenia (Party of Civic
Understanding, centrist, 1998-1 Apr 2003); VPN
= Verejnost' Proti Násiliu (Public Against Violence, conservative,
former KSS dissidents, to Apr 1991 Slovak
partner of Czech-based OF, 20 Nov 1989-1992, renamed
Občianska Demokratická Únia [Civic Democratic Union])
Slovakia within Czechoslovakia
|
![[Slovakia
Tricolor]](sk_39.gif "[Slovakia Tricolor]")
28 Oct
1918
Declared to be part of Czechoslovakia.
30 Oct
1918
Slovak National Council (Slovenská
národná rada) claims to
be the only representative of the Slovak people in
Hungary
and it declares union with Czechoslovakia.
1 Jul 1928
Slovak Land (Slovenská krajina), within
Czechoslovakia.
23 Nov
1938
Autonomy within Czechoslovakia (Slovak Region
[Slovenská krajina]).
9 Mar 1939 - 11 Mar
1939 Czechoslovak occupation, autonomous
government dismissed
and detained.
14 Mar 1939 - 4 Apr 1945 Independence
(Slovak Republic)(Slovenská republika)(see
above).
6 Sep 1944 - 27 Oct 1944 Anti-fascist
uprising centered at Banská Bystrica.
4 Apr 1945
Slovakia (Slovenská),
autonomous within Czechoslovakia.
1 Jul
1956
Autonomy extended.
1 Jan
1969
Slovak Socialist Republic (Slovenská socialistická
republika)
(within Czechoslovakia).
1 Mar
1990
Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika)(within
Czechoslovakia).
17 Jul 1992
Declaration of sovereignty.
1 Jan
1993
Independence (see Slovak Republic above).
Chairmen of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Slovakia (KSS)
17 Sep 1944 - 12 Aug 1945 Karol Šmidke
(b. 1897 - d. 1952)
12 Aug 1945 - 19 Oct 1951 Viliam
Široký
(b. 1902 - d. 1971)
Secretary General of the Communist
Party of Slovakia
12 Aug 1945 - 19 Oct 1951 Štefan
Bašt'ovanský
(b. 1910 - d.
1952)
First Secretaries of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of
Slovakia
19 Oct 1951 - 15 Jun 1953 Viliam
Široký
(s.a.)
15 Jun 1953 - 4 Apr 1963 Karol
Jozef Bacílek
(b. 1896 - d.
1974)
4 Apr 1963 - 23 Jan 1968
Alexander Dubček
(b. 1921 - d. 1992)
23 Jan 1968 - 28 Aug 1968 Vasil
Bil'ak
(b. 1917 - d. 2014)
28 Aug 1968 - 4 May 1969 Gustáv
Husák
(b. 1913 - d. 1991)
4 May 1969 - 6
Feb 1970 Štefan
Sádovský
(b. 1928 - d. 1984)
6 Feb 1970 - 14 Apr 1988 Jozef
Lenárt
(b. 1923 - d. 2004)
14 Apr 1988 - 6 Dec 1989 Ignác
Janák
(b. 1930 - d. 2016)
Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Central
Committee of the
Communist Party of Slovakia
6 Dec 1989 - 17 Dec 1989 Pavol Bolvanský
(acting) (b. 1940)
(chairman of the Action Committee)
17 Dec 1989 - 20 Jan 1990 Ján Široký
(b. 1944)
20 Jan 1990 - 20 Oct 1990 Peter Weiss
(b. 1952)
("leading role" of party abolished 30 Nov 1989)
President of the Slovak National Council
24 Oct 1918 - 23 Jan 1919 Matúš Dula
(b. 1846 - d.
1926) SNS
(in Vienna, then Turčiansky Svätý Martin,
from 3 Nov 1918 in Prague)
Chairman of the
Commissioners
6 Nov 1918 - 14 Nov 1918 Vavro Ján Šrobár
(in Prague)
(b. 1867 - d.
1950) SNS
Czechoslovak Military Commanders
in Slovakia
1 Jan 1919 - 13 Jun 1919 Luigi
Giuseppe Piccione
(b. 1866 - d. 1942) Mil
(commander of supreme command of Czechoslovak
forces in Slovakia)
13 Jun 1919 - 10 Oct 1919 Eugčne Desiré Antoine
Mittelhauser (b. 1873 - d. 1949) Mil
(commander of the western army group)
Ministers Plenipotentiary for the
Administration of Slovakia
1 Jan 1919 - 26 May 1920 Vavro Ján
Šrobár
(s.a.)
SNS
26 May 1920 - 16 Sep 1920 Ivan Dérer
(b. 1884 - d. 1973) CSSD
16 Sep 1920 - 7 Oct 1922 Martin
Mičura
(b. 1883 - d. 1946) Non-party
7 Oct 1922 - 1 Jul 1928 Jozef
Kállay
(b. 1881 - d. 1939) Non-party
Land Presidents of the Slovak
Land
1 Jul 1928 - 31 Dec 1930
Ján Drobný
(b. 1881 - d. 1948) HSLS
1 Jan 1931 - 12 Oct 1938 Jozef
Országh
(b. 1883 - d. 1949) RSZM
12 Oct 1938 - 14 Mar 1939 Julián Šimko
(b. 1886 - d. 1956)
HSLS-SSNJ
Ministers for Slovakia
6 Oct 1938 - 1 Dec
1938 Jozef
Tiso
(b. 1887 - d. 1947) HSLS-SSNJ
1 Dec 1938 - 14 Mar 1939
Karol
Sidor
(b. 1901 - d. 1953) HSLS-SSNJ
14 Mar 1939 - 4 Apr 1945 Vacant
Presidents of the Slovak National Council
6 Sep 1944 - 27 Oct 1944 Karol
Šmidke (1st
time)
(s.a.)
KSS
+
Vavro Ján Šrobár
(s.a.)
DS
27 Oct 1944 - 4 Apr 1945 Vacant
4 Apr 1945 - 26 Feb 1948 Jozef
Lettrich
(b. 1905 - d. 1968) DS
14 Sep 1945 - 14 Jul 1950 Karol Šmidke
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
KSC
(acting 26 Feb - 12 Mar 1948)
26 Feb 1948 - 12 Mar 1948 Ivan Horváth
(acting)
(b. 1904 - d. 1960) KSC
+ Andrej Cvinček
(acting)
(b. 1880 - d. 1949) DS
(to 27 Feb 1948)
14 Jul 1950 - 15 Jun 1958 František
Kubač
(b. 1887 - d. 1958) KSC
15 Jun 1958 - 23 Jun 1958 Irena Ďurišová
(f)
(b. 1918 - d. 1999)
KSC
+ Jozef Mjartan
(b. 1900 -
d. 1983) SSO
+ František Déneš
(b. 1902 - d. 1979)
KSC
+ Michal Žákovič
(b.
1916 - d. 1990) SSL
(acting)
23 Jun 1958 - 14 Jul 1960 L'udovít Benada
(1st
time)
(b. 1899 - d. 1973) KSC
14 Jul 1960 - 28 Jul 1962 Rudolf Strechaj
(b. 1914 - d. 1952) KSC
28 Jul 1962 - 31 Oct 1962 L'udovít Benada
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
KSC
+ Vasil Bil'ak
(s.a.)
KSC
+ Michal Sabolčík
(b. 1924 - d.
1995) KSC
(acting)
31 Oct 1962 - 20 Sep 1963 Jozef Lenárt
(s.a.)
KSC
20 Sep 1963 - 29 Dec 1968 Michal Chudík
(b. 1914 - d. 2005) KSC
14 Mar 1968 - 16 Mar 1975 Ondrej Klokoč
(b. 1911 - d. 1975) KSC
(acting to 27 Jun 1968)
26 Mar 1975 - 7 Jul 1975 Ján
Štencl
(b. 1912 - d. 1997) KSS
+ Štefan
Fábry
(b. 1911 - d.
1992) KSS
+ Jozef Gajdošík
(b. 1921 - d. 1981) SSO
+ Herbert Ďurkovič
(b. 1928 - d. 2007) KSS
(acting)
7 Jul 1975 - 30 Nov 1989 Viliam Šalgovič
(b. 1919 - d. 1990) KSC
30 Nov 1989 - 26 Jun 1990 Rudolf
Schuster
(b. 1934)
KSC;1990 Ind
26 Jun 1990 - 23 Jun 1992 František
Mikloško
(b.
1947)
KDH
23 Jun 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Ivan
Gašparovič
(b.
1941)
HzDS
Prime ministers (chairmen
of the government)
7 Oct 1938 - 9 Mar
1939 Jozef Tiso (1st
time)
(s.a.)
HSLS-SSNJ
9 Mar 1939 - 11 Mar 1938 Jozef
Sivák
(b. 1886 - d. 1959) HSLS-SSNJ
11 Mar 1939 - 13 Mar 1939 Jozef Tiso (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
HSLS-SSNJ
13 Mar 1939 - 14 Mar 1939 Karol
Sidor
(s.a.)
HSLS-SSNJ
Czechoslovak Provincial
Commander
9 Mar 1939 - 11 Mar 1939 Lev
Prchala
(b. 1892 - d. 1963) Mil
Chairmen of the Board of Commissioners
5 Sep 1944 - 17 Sep 1945
Gustáv Husák (1st time) (acting)
(s.a.)
KSC
17 Sep 1945 - 14 Aug 1946 Karol
Šmidke
(s.a.)
KSC
14 Aug 1946 - 4 May 1950
Gustáv Husák (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
KSC
4 May 1950 - 7 Sep
1951 Karol Bacílek
(s.a.)
KSC
7 Sep 1951 - 31 Jan 1953
Július Ďuriš
(b. 1904 - d. 1986) KSC
31 Jan 1953 - 10 Jul 1960 Rudolf
Strechaj
(s.a.)
KSC
10 Jul 1960 - 2 Jan 1969 Vacant
Premiers
2 Jan 1969 - 4 May
1969 Štefan
Sádovský
(s.a.)
KSC
4 May 1969 - 12 Oct 1988
Peter
Colotka
(b. 1925 - d. 2019) KSC
12 Oct 1988 - 22 Jun 1989 Ivan
Knotek
(b. 1936 - d. 2020) KSC
22 Jun 1989 - 8 Dec 1989
Pavel
Hrivnák
(b. 1931 - d. 1995) KSC
8 Dec 1989 - 27 Jun 1990
Milan Čič
(b. 1932 - d. 2012) KSC;1990 Ind
27 Jun 1990 - 23 Apr
1991 Vladimír Mečiar (1st
time)
(s.a.)
HzDS
23 Apr 1991 - 24 Jun 1992 Ján
Čarnogurský
(b.
1944)
KDH
24 Jun 1992 - 31 Dec 1992 Vladimír Mečiar
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
HzDS
29 Oct 1944 - Apr 1945 Aleksey Nikitich Asmolov (b. 1906 - d. 1981) Mil
Slovak National Council in Exile
President of the Slovak (from
28 Jan 1940, Czecho-Slovak) National
Council
22 Nov 1939 - 14 Feb 1940 Milan
Hodža
(b. 1878 - d. 1944) SNS
(in Paris exile, banned 14 Feb 1940)
Party abbreviations: CSSD
= Česká Strana Sociálně Demokratická (Czech
Social Democratic Party, social-democratic, 1893-27 Jun
1948, merged into KSC, re-est.25 Mar 1990 named
Československá Sociální Demokracie [Czechoslovak
Social Democracy] to 1993); DS
= Demokratická Strana (Democratic Party, non-communist,
Sep 1944-Mar 1948, renamed SSO, re-est.10 Dec
1989-21 Jan 2006, merged into SDKU-DS); HzDS
= Hnutie za Demokratické Slovensko (Movement for a
Democratic Slovakia, conservative, populist, 5 Mar
1991-14 Jun 2003, renamed LS-HzDS); Ind =
Independent; KDH =
Krest'anskodemokratické Hnutie (Christian Democratic
Movement, christian-democratic, est.17 Feb 1990);
KSS = Komunistická Strana
Slovenska (Communist Party of Slovakia, communist, Mar
1939-20 Oct 1990, part of KSC 28 Sep 1948-20 Oct 1990,
renamed SDL); SSO = Strana
Slovenskej Obrody (Party of Slovak Revival, former DS,
Mar 1948 - 10 Dec 1989, renamed DS); VPN
= Verejnost' Proti Násiliu (Public Against Violence, conservative,
former KSS dissidents, to Apr 1991
Slovak partner of Czech-based OF, 20 Nov
1989-1992, renamed Občianska
Demokratická Únia [Civic Democratic Union]); Mil
= Military;
- Former parties: HSLS
= Hlinkova Slovenská L'udová Strana (Hlinka's
Slovak People's Party, to 1925 named Slovenská
L'udová Strana [Slovak People's Party],
pro-autonomy within Czechoslovakia, 1906-8 Nov 1938,
renamed HSLS-SSNJ);
HSLS-SSNJ = Hlinkova Slovenská L'udová
Strana - Strana Slovenskej Národnej Jednoty (Hlinka's
Slovak People's Party - Party of Slovak National Unity,
Slovak nationalist, fascist, only
legal party from 1 Oct 1939, former HSLS, 8 Nov
1938 - 4 Apr 1945); KSC
= Komunistická Strana Československa
(Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Marxist-Leninist
communist, Feb 1948-30 Nov 1989 leading party, 14 May
1921-31 Dec 1992); RSCV
= Republikánská Strana Československého
Venkova/Republikánska Strana Československého Vidieka
(Czechoslovak Rural Republican Party, agrarian,
conservative, 30 Apr 1919-29 Jun 1922, merged into
RSZML); RSZML
= Republikánska Strana Pol'nohospodárského
a Malorol'níckeho L'udu "Agrárna"/Republikánská Strana
Zemědělského a Malorolnického Lidu "Agrárníci"
(Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants "Agrarians",
center-right, agrarian party, 29 Jun 1922 - 22 Nov 1938,
merged into Strana Národní Jednoty [Party of National
Unity] SNJ); SNS = Slovenská
Národná Strana (Slovak National Party, Slovak
nationalist, 1871-15 Dec 1938, merged into HSLS-SSNJ);
SSL = Strana Slobody (Freedom Party,
mainly Roman Catholic, split from DS, 1 Apr 1946 - 1990)
Zips (Spiš)
| Map of Zips |
Capital: Lubowla (Stará L'ubovňa/Ólubló/ Altlublau) |
Population:
N/A |
8 Nov 1412 Hungary pledges to Poland 16 towns in the Zips region (in Polish:
Spisz; in Hungarian: Szepes; in Slovak: Spiš) region (Lubowla
[L'ubovňa], Podolíniec [Podolín], Gniazda [Hniezdne], Biała
Spiska [Spišská Belá], Lubica [L'ubica], Matejowce [Matiašovce],
Nowa Wieś Spiska [Spišská Nová Ves], Poprad, Spiska Sobota
[Spišská Sobota], Wierzbów [Vrbov], Straże, Ruszkinowce, Wielka,
Spiskie Podgrodzie [Spišský Podhradie], Spiskie Włochy [Spišské
Vlachy], and Twarożne [Tvarožná]) in exchange for a large loan
by Treaty of Lubowla between Władysław II, King of Poland, and
Sigismund of Luxemburg, King of Hungary (Starostwo Spiskie
[Eldership of Zips]). The seat of Polish captain (starost) is
Lubowla (Stará L'ubovňa).
10 Jan 1569 Part of Lesser Poland province (Prowincja małopolska), Crown of the
Kingdom of Poland in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Mar 1769 - Apr 1769 Occupied by the army of the Bar Confederation (Konfederacja barska)
Apr 1769 Occupied by Russian troops.
19 Apr 1769 - 5 Nov 1772 Occupied by Hungary. Zips is formally ceded to Hungary in the
First Partition of Poland 5 Aug 1772 (recognized by Poland 30
Sep 1773). The original 1412 loan is never re-paid.
5 Nov 1772 Re-incorporated into Hungary (part of Province of 16 Szepes Towns
[XVI. Szepesi Városok Provinciája/Provinz der 16 Zipser Städte]
5 Jun 1778-1 Nov 1785 and Oct 1791-1876 with autonomy. Part of
the County of Zips [Szepes vármegye/Komitat Zips] 5 Nov 1772-5
Jun 1778, 1 Nov 1785-Oct 1791 and from 1876, dis-establishment
of autonomy).
30 Oct 1918 Part of the Slovak portion of Czechoslovakia (recognized by
Hungary by the Treaty of Trianon 4 Jun 1920).
6 Nov 1918 - 7 Dec 1918 Polish troops invaded Spiš.
Jun 1919 - Jan 1920 Polish troops occupy Northern Spiš.
28 Jul 1920 "Polish Zips" area (Nowa Biała, Jurgów, Niedzica, etc.) ceded to
Poland by Czechoslovakia (territories exchanged 12 Mar 1924).
1 Nov 1938 - 21 Nov 1939 Poland annexes Suchá Hora, Hladovka, Javorina area, Lesnica and
a small area around Skalité from Czechoslovakia.
14 Mar 1939 - 24 Jan 1945 Part of the Slovak Republic.
21 Nov 1939 - 17 Jul 1945 Slovakia occupies the "Polish Zips" areas.
24 Jan 1945 Stará Ľubovňa liberated and again part of Czechoslovakia.
May 1945 - Oct 1946 Zipser Germans are expelled from the region.
1 Jan 1993 Part of independent Slovak Republic (from 1996, part of the Prešov
Region).
Captains of the Dominion of Lubowla and Eldership of Spisz (in Polish: Starosta Spiskie)
1667? – 1700 Książę Stanisław Herakliusz (b. 1642 - d. 1702)
Lubomirski
1700 – 1745 Książę Teodor Józef Konstanty (b. 1683 - d. 1745)
Lubomirski
1745 – 1757 Andrzej Moszczeński (Moszczyński) (b. 1717 - d. 1783)
1757 – 1763 Heinrich Graf von Brühl (b. 1700 - d. 1763)
1763 – 1764 Carl Adolf Graf von Brühl (b. 1742 - d. 1802)
1764 – 1769 Kazimierz Poniatowski (b. 1721 - d. 1800)
© Ben Cahoon