Honduras
-
- to 28 Sep 1821
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- 1 Feb 1823 - 21 Aug
1823
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- 21 Aug 1823 - 22
Nov 1824
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- 22 Nov 1824 - 5
Nov 1838
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- 5 Nov 1838 - 18
Jan 1949
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|
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- 16 Feb 1866 - 18
Jan 1949 Merchant Flag
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- 18 Jan 1949 - 27
Jan 2022
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Adopted 27 Jan 2022
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Map of
Honduras |
Hear National Anthem
"Himno Nacional de
Honduras"
(National Antehm of
Hnodruas)
or "Tu bandera es un
lampo de cielo"
(Your Flag is a Heavenly Light)
|
Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 13 Nov 1915 |
Constitution
(20 Jan 1982; in Spanish)
|
Capital:
Tegucigalpa
(Comayagua 1573-1824,
alternate to 30 Oct
1880;
Gracias a Dios
1544-1549;
Trujillo 1525-44,
1549-1573)
|
Currency:
Lempira (HNL);
1847-1926 Honduras Peso
(HNP)
|
National
Holiday: 15 Sep (1821)
Día de Independencia
(Independence Day)
|
Population:
9,182,766 (2018) |
GDP: $46.3
billion (2017)
|
Exports:
$8.67 billion (2017)
Imports: $11.32
billion (2017)
|
Ethnic groups:
mestizo (mixed Amerindian and
European) 86.6%,
Amerindian 5.5%, black
4.3%, white 2.3%, other 1.3% (2000)
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Total Active
Armed Forces: 12,000 (2010)
U.S. Forces: 391 (2023)
Merchant marine: 550 ships
(2018)
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Religions:
Roman Catholic 46%, Protestant 41%,
atheist 1%, other 2%, none 9% (2014)
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International
Organizations/Treaties: ACS,
APM, BCIE, BTWC, CACM, CAFTA, CAP, CCM,
CELAC, CTBT, CWC, EITI (suspended), ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU (suspended), IRENA, ISA, ISO
(correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES,
LAIA (observer), LAP, LU, MIGA, NAM, NDB
(applicant), NPT, NTBT, OAS, OPANAL,
OPCW, OST (signatory), PA
(observer), PCA, SEGIB, SICA,
UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO
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Honduras
Index
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Chronology
30 Jul
1502
Claimed for Spain.
3 May
1524
Settlement begun.
1528 -
1539
Subordinated to New Spain (Mexico).
1539
Part of Guatemala.
1544 -
1560
Part of Captaincy of Gracias (Yucatan,
Chiapas,
Tabasco, Panama, and Central America).
1544 -
1564
Audiencia
de los Confines
1579
Divided into two provinces of
Comayagua and
Tegucigalpa.
1786 -
1812
Intendecia of
Comayagua.
24 Jul
1791
Tegucigalpa consolidated with the
government of
Comayagua to create the province of
Honduras.
28/29 Sep
1821
Independence of provinces of Comayagua
and
Tegucigalpa.
2 Dec
1821
Comayagua incorporated into Mexico.
5 Jan
1822
Tegucigalpa incorporated into Mexico.
28 Mar
1823
Comayagua and Tegucigalpa and
independent again.
16 Sep
1824
State of Honduras
18 Sep
1824
Comayagua merged into Honduras.
22 Nov 1824 - 26 Oct 1838
Constituent state of the Central
American
Federation (see Guatemala).
15 Nov 1838
Independence of
Honduras from the government of
Central America and other states and
governments
is
reaffirmed.
14 Jul
1860
Bay Islands ceded to Honduras by
Britain.
8 May 1862
Republic
of Honduras
11 Feb 1863 - 1 Sep
1972 Swan Islands (Great Swan
and Little Swan Islands)
annexed by the United States.
28 Aug 1895
Spain recognizes the independence of
Honduras.
15 Sep 1896 - 30 Nov 1898 Part
of later aborted attempt at recreating
a
Central American Federation (see
Guatemala).
17 Sep
1896
State of Honduras
30 Nov
1898
Republic of Honduras
21 Mar 1903 - 31 Mar 1903 U.S.
troops deployed in Puerto Cortez.
18 Mar 1907 - 8 Jun
1907 U.S. troops deployed in
Trujillo, Ceiba, Puerto
Cortez, San Pedro Laguna &
Choloma.
27 Mar 1907 - 17 Apr
1907 Nicaragua occupies
Tegucigalpa (having occupied
El Triunfo 20 Feb, and San Bernardo
21 Feb 1907).
28 Mar 1911 - 12 Sep 1919
U.S. protectorate
8 Sep 1919 -
12 Sep 1919 U.S. troops
deployed in Tegucigalpa.
1 Oct 1921
- 7 Feb 1922 State
of Honduras, during a later aborted
attempt
at recreating a Central American
Federation
(see Guatemala).
7
Feb 1922
Republic of Honduras
28 Feb 1924 - 31 Mar
1924 U.S. troops deployed in
Tela, La Ceiba, and Puerto
Cortez.
10 Sep 1924 - 15 Sep 1924 U.S.
troops deployed in La Ceiba.
19 Apr 1925 - 21 Apr 1925 U.S.
troops deployed in La Ceiba.
22 Nov
1971
U.S. recognizes the Swan Islands
(Islas Santanilla)
as
part of Honduras (effective 1 Sep
1972).
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Honduras
(since 1824)
|
Province
of
Honduras
(1525-1821)
|
Comayagua
(1821-1824)
|
Tegucigalpa
(1815-1824)
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Black River
(1749-1787)
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|
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Province of
Comayagua/Honduras
Governors
1525 - 27 Oct
1526
Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón
(d. 1529)
27 Oct 1526 -
1530
Diego López de Salcedo
1530 -
1532
Andrés de Cerezeda (1st time)
(d. c.1540)
1532
Diego Alvítez
1532 -
1535
Andrés de Cerezeda (2nd time) (s.a.)
1535 -
1540
Francisco de Montejo y Alvarez (b. c.1479 -
d. c.1553)
(1st time)
1541 -
1542
Diego Garcia de Celis
1542 -
1544
Francisco de Montejo y Alvarez
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1544 -
1552
Corregidores
1552 -
1555
Juan Pérez de Cabrera
1555 -
1562
Pedro de Salvatierra
1563 -
1667
Alonso Ortiz de
Elgueta
(b. c.1525 - d. c.1580)
(Argueta)
1567 -
1573
Juan de Vargas Carvajal
1573 -
1577
Diego de Herrera
1577 -
1582
Alonso de Contreras Guevara
1582 -
1589
Rodrigo Ponce de León (1st time)
1589 -
1594
Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza (b.
1539? - d. 1600?)
1594 -
1602
Rodrigo Ponce de León (2nd time)
1602 - 1605
Jorge de Alvarado
1605 -
1608
Pedro de Castro
1608 -
1612
Juan Guerra de Ayala
1612 -
1617
García Garabito de León
1617 -
1620
Juan Lobato
1620 -
1625
Juan de Miranda
1625 -
1632
Pedro del Rosal
1632 -
1639
Francisco Martínez de
Ribamontan Santander
1639 -
1641
Francisco de Avila y Lugo
1641 -
1643
Alonso de Silva Salazar
1643 -
1644
Juan de Bustamante Herrera
1644 -
1647
Melchor Alonso Tamayo
1647 -
1650
Baltasar de la Cruz
1650 -
1668
Juan de Zuazo
1668 -
1672
Juan Márquez Cabrera
1673 -
1676
Pedro de Godoy Ponce de León
1676 -
1679
Francisco de Castro y Ayala
1679 -
1682
Lorenzo Ramírez de Guzmán
1682 -
1687
Antonio de Navia Bolaño
(b. c.1649 - d. 1697)
1689 -
1693
Sancho Ordóñez
1693 -
1698
Antonio de Oseguera y Quevedo
1698 -
1702
Antonio de Ayala
1702 - 1705
Antonio de Monfort (1st time)
1705 - 1709
Gregorio de Salinas
Varona (b.
1647/50 - d. 1720)
1709 -
1712
Antonio de Monfort (2nd time)
1712 -
1715
Enrique Longman
1715 -
1717
José Rodezno
1717 -
1727
Diego Gutiérrez de Argüelles
1727 -
1738
Manuel de Castilla y Portugal
1738 -
1741
Francisco de Parga
1741 -
1745
Tomás Hermenegildo de Arana
(b. 1714 - d. 1766)
1745 -
1746
Luis Machado
1746 -
1747
Juan de Vera
1747
Alonso Fernández de
Heredia (d.
1782)
14 Jun 1747 -
1750
Diego de Tablada (interim)
1750 -
1751
Pedro Trucco (interim)
2 Jul 1751 -
1757
Pantaleón Ibáñez Cuevas
1757 -
1759
Fulgencio García de Solís
1759 -
1761
Gabriel Franco (interim)
1761 -
1769
José Sáenz
Bahamonde
(d. 1769)
1769 - 13 May
1770
Juan Antonio González (interim)
13 May 1770 -
1770
Antonio Ferrandis (interim)
1770 -
1775
Bartolomé Pérez Quijano
1775 -
1779
Agustín Pérez Quijano
1779 -
1783
Francisco Aybar (interim)
11 Aug 1783 - 26 Jun 1787 Juan
Nepomuceno de Quesada y (b.
1738 - d. 1798)
Barnuevo
Governor-Intendants
26 Jun 1787 -
1789
Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada y
(s.a.)
Barnuevo
7 May 1789 -
1796
Alejo García Conde
(b. 1751 - d. 1826)
Jun 1796 -
1808
Ramón de Anguiano
(b. 1744 - d.
c.1819)
1804 -
1810
Antonio Norberto Serrano y Polo (b. c.1753 -
d. 1820)
(acting for absent Anguiano)
1810 -
1812
Carlos María Castañón (interim)
Jan 1812 - 4 Feb
1812 José María Píñol y Muñoz
(acting for Castañón)
Alcaldes Mayores
4 Feb 1812 - 1 Mar 1812 Juan
Francisco Marqués y Castejón (b. 1750 - d.
1815)
1 Mar 1812 - Apr
1812 Pedro Gutiérrez
19 Apr 1812 - 15 Jan 1818 Juan
Antonio de Tornos Santa (b.
1767 - d. 1843)
Clara
Cagigal
1818 - 21 Nov
1821
José Gregorio Tinoco de Contreras (b. 1780 -
d. 18..)
21 Nov 1821 - 28 Sep 1821 Juan
Nepomuceno Fernandez Lindo (b. 1790 - d.
1857)
y Zelaya (acting)
Comayagua
8 Dec
1537
Santa María de Comayagua founded by Spain.
28 Sep
1821
Comayagua is proclaimed an independent province
(Comayagua).
2 Dec 1821 - 28 Mar 1823
Incorporation into Mexico.
28 Mar
1823
Independence again (Comayagua).
18 Sep
1824
Merged into Honduras.
Superior Political Chiefs (Jefe
Superior Político)
28 Sep 1821 - 21 Nov 1821 José Gregorio
Tinoco de Contreras (b. 1780 - d. 18..)
21 Nov 1821 - 11 Feb 1824 Juan Nepomuceno
Fernández Lindo (b. 1790 -
d. 1857)
y Zelaya
(interim from 12 Oct 1822)
11 Feb 1824 - 13 Apr 1824 Severino Quiñónez
(interim)
13 Apr 1824 - 18 Sep 1824 Juan José Díaz
(interim)
Tegucigalpa
29 Sep
1578
San Miguel de Tegucigalpa de Heredia founded by Spain.
2 Dec
1815
Tegucigalpa re-established as an alcalde.
22 Nov 1821
Organization of a provincial government in Tegucigalpa
is
approved, resolution of Consultative Junta of Guatemala.
5 Jan 1822 - 28 Mar 1823
Incorporation into Mexico.
28 Mar
1823
Independence again (Tegucigalpa).
16 Sep
1824
Merged into Honduras.
Alcaldes Mayor
2 Dec 1815 - 1817
Simon Gutiérrez (interim)
1817 - 21 Mar 1821
Narcisco
Mallol
(b. 17.. - d. 1821)
29 Sep 1821 - 18 Dec 1821 Esteban Guardiola
Amorós (b. c.1780 - d.
af.1850)
Comandante General
18 Dec 1821 - 3 Feb 1822 Simón
Gutiérrez
(appointed 22 Nov 1821)
Superior Political Chief (Jefe
Superior Político)
3 Feb 1822 - 16 Sep
1824 José Dionisio de la Trinidad de (b.
1781 - d. 1850)
Herrera y Díaz del Valle
Honduras
16 Sep
1824
State of Honduras
18 Sep
1824
Comayagua merged into Honduras.
22 Nov 1824 - 26 Oct 1838 Constituent state
of the Central American Federation
(see under Guatemala)
29 Sep
1865
Republic of Honduras
13 Jun 1921 - 7 Feb 1922
State of Honduras, during a later aborted attempt at
recreating a Central American Federation.
7 Feb 1922
Republic of Honduras
Supreme Chiefs of State
16 Sep 1824 - 10 May 1827 José Dionisio
de la Trinidad de (b. 1781 - d. 1850)
Lib
Herrera y Díaz del Valle
10 May 1827
José Justo Milla Pineda
Arriaga (b. 1794 - d. 1838)
Lib
(acting)
10 May 1827 - 30 Sep 1827 Anacleto
Bendaña Montoya (acting) (b. 1790 -
d.c.1859) Con
30 Sep 1827 - 30 Oct 1827 Miguel Eusebio
Bustamante
(b. 1777 - d. 1869) Lib
Lardizábal (acting)
30 Oct 1827 - 27 Nov 1827 José Jerónimo
de Zelaya Fiallos
(b. 1780 - d. 1869) Con
27 Nov 1827 - 7 Mar 1829 José
Francisco Morazán Quezada (b.
1792 - d. 1842) Lib
(1st time)(acting)
7 Mar 1829 - 2 Dec
1829 Diego Vigil Cocaña
(acting) (b.
1799 - d. 1845) Lib
2 Dec 1829 - 28 Jul 1830
José Francisco Morazán Quezada
(s.a.)
Lib
(2nd time)
28 Jul 1830 - 12 Mar 1831 José Santos
Díaz del
Valle
(b. 1793 - d. 1840) Con
(acting)
12 Mar 1831 - 26 Mar 1832 José María
Antonio de la Cruz (b. 1802 -
d. 1832) Con
Márquez
22 Mar 1832 - 7 Jan 1833 José
Francisco Milla Guevara
(b. 1789 - d. 18..) Con
(acting [for Márquez
to 26 Mar 1832])
7 Jan 1833 - 31 Dec 1836
Joaquín Rivera
Bragas
(b. 1795 - d. 1845) Ind
1 Jan 1837 - 28 May 1837
José María Martínez Salinas
(b. 1780 - d. 18..) Ind
(1st time)(acting)
28 May 1837 - 3 Sep 1838 Justo
Vicente José de Herrera y (b. 1786 -
d. 1856) Con
Díaz del Valle
3 Sep 1838 - 12 Nov 1838
José María Martínez Salinas
(s.a.)
Ind
(2nd time)(acting)
12 Nov 1838 - 10 Jan 1839 José Lino
Matute (acting) (b.
1780 - d. 1854) Con
10 Jan 1839 - 13 Apr 1839
Juan Francisco de Molina (acting) (b. 1778 - d.
1878) Lib
13 Apr 1839 - 15 Apr 1839 Felipe Neri
Medina
Valderas (b.
1797 - d. ....)
y Fernández de Córdova (acting)
15 Apr 1839 - 27 Apr 1839 Juan José
Alvarado
(acting) (b.
1798 - d. 1857)
27 Apr 1839 - 10 Aug 1839 José de la Cruz
Guerrero de Arcos (b. 1799 - d. 1853)
y
Molina (acting)
Presidents
10 Aug 1839 - 20 Aug 1839 Mariano Garrigó
(acting)
(b. 1810 - d. ....)
20 Aug 1839 - 27 Aug 1839 José María
Bustillo (acting) (d. 1855)
27 Aug 1839 - 21 Sep 1839 Council
of Ministers (acting)
- Mónico Bueso Soto
(b. 1810 - d. ....) Con
- Francisco de Aguilar
21 Sep 1839 - 31 Dec 1840 José Francisco
Zelaya y Ayes (b.
1798 - d. 1848) Lib
(acting)
1 Jan 1841 - 31 Dec 1842
Francisco Ferrera (1st
time) (b. 1794 - d.
1851) Con
1 Jan 1843 - 23 Feb 1843 Council
of Ministers (acting)
- Juan Morales
- José Julián Tercero
(d. 1844)
Mil
- Casto José Alvarado (1st time)
(b.c.1820 - d. 1873) Con
23 Feb 1843 - 31 Dec 1844 Francisco
Ferrera (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Con
1 Jan 1845 - 8 Jan
1845 Council of Ministers
(acting)
- Casto José Alvarado
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Con
- Coronado
Chávez
(b. 1807 - d. 1881) Lib
8 Jan 1845 - 31 Dec 1846
Coronado
Chávez
(s.a.)
Lib
1 Jan 1847 - 12 Feb 1847 Council
of Ministers (acting)
- Casto José Alvarado
(3rd time) (s.a.)
Con
- Francisco
Ferrera
(s.a.)
Con
- José Santos Guardiola Bustillo (b. 1816 -
d. 1862) Lib
12 Feb 1847 - 1 Feb 1852 Juan
Nepomuceno Fernández Lindo (b.
1790 - d. 1857) Lib
y Zelaya (provisional 4 Feb - 16 Jul 1848)
1 Feb 1852 - 1 Mar
1852 Francisco Gómez y
Argüelles (b.
1810? - d. 1854) Lib
(acting)
1 Mar 1852 - 18 Oct 1855
José Trinidad Francisco Cabañas
(b. 1805 - d. 1871) Con
Fiallos
18 Oct 1855 - 8 Nov 1855 José
Santiago Bueso Soto (acting) (b. 1815 - d. 1857)
Lib
8 Nov 1855 - 17 Feb 1856
Francisco de Aguilar (acting) (b.
1810 - d. 18..) Lib
17 Feb 1856 - 11 Jan 1862 José Santos
Guardiola Bustillo
(s.a.)
Lib
11 Jan 1862 - 4 Feb 1862 José
Francisco Montes Fonseca (b.c.1830 -
d. 1888) Lib
(1st time)(acting)
4 Feb 1862 - 11 Dec 1862
Victoriano Castellanos
Cortés (b. 1795 - d. 1862)
Lib
(acting)
11 Dec 1862 - 7 Sep 1863 José
Francisco Montes Fonseca (s.a.)
Lib
(2nd time)(acting)
7 Sep 1863 - 31 Dec 1863
José María Medina (1st
time) (b. 1826 - d.
1878) Lib
(acting; in dissidence from 20 Jun 1863)
31 Dec 1863 - 15 Feb 1864 Francisco
Inestroza (acting) (b. 1810 - d.
1864) Con
15 Feb 1864 - 26 Jul 1872 José María
Medina (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Lib
(provisional 29 Sep 1865 - 1 Feb 1866)
26 Mar 1871 - 17 May 1871 Florencio
Xatruch
Villagra
(b. 1811 - d. 1893) Mil
(provisional; in dissidence)
26 Jul 1872 - 13 Jan 1874 Carlos Céleo
Arias
Lope
(b. 1835 - d. 1890) Lib
(provisional; in dissidence from 12 May 1872)
Jul 1872 - Aug
1872 Juan
Antonio Medina
Orellana (b. 1833 -
d. 1885) Con
(provisional; in dissidence)
Jun 1873 -
1873
Ministers (in
dissidence)
- Manuel Colindres Grádiz
(b.
1832 - d. 1893)
- Rafael Padilla
13 Jan 1874 - 8 Jun 1876 Ponciano
Leiva Madrid (1st time) (b. 1821 - d.
1896) Con
(provisional [in dissidence from 23 Nov 1873] to 2 Feb
1875)
16 Dec 1875 - 8 Jun 1876 José María
Medina (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Lib
(provisional; in dissidence)
8 Jun 1876 - 13 Jun 1876
Marcelino Mejía Serrano
Con
(provisional)
13 Jun 1876 - 12 Aug 1876 Crescencio
Gómez Santos Valladares (b. 1833 - d. 1921) Lib
(provisional)
12 Aug 1876
Council of Ministers (acting)
- Marcelino Mejía Serrano
Con
- Manuel Colindres Grádiz
(s.a.)
12 Aug 1876 - 27 Aug 1876 José María Medina (4th
time)
(s.a.)
Lib
(provisional)
27 Aug 1876 - 19 Oct 1883 Marco Aurelio
Soto Martínez
(b. 1846 - d. 1908) Lib
(provisional to 30 May 1877; left country 9 May 1883)
9 May 1883 - 30 Nov 1883 Council
of Ministers (acting)
- Luis Bográn
Barahona
(b. 1849 - d. 1895) Con
- Rafael Ciriaco Alvarado Manzano (b.
1836 - d. 1923) Con
(acting for Soto to 19 Oct 1883)
30 Nov 1883 - 30 Nov 1891 Luis Bográn
Barahona
(s.a.)
Con
30 Nov 1891 - 7 Aug 1893 Ponciano
Leiva Madrid (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Con
9 Feb 1893 - 18 Apr 1893 Rosendo Agüero
Ariza
(b. 1834 - d. 1895) Lib
(acting for Leiva)
18 Apr 1893 - 22 Feb 1894 Domingo
Vásquez Toruño
(b. 1846 - d. 1909) Lib
(acting for Leiva to 7 Aug 1893)
22 Feb 1894 - 1 Feb 1899 José
Policarpo Bonilla Vásquez (b.
1858 - d. 1926) PNH
(provisional [in dissidence from 24 Dec 1893]
to 1 Feb 1895; governor 1 Nov - 29 Nov
1898)
1 Feb 1899 - 1 Feb
1903 Terencio Esteban Sierra Romero
(b. 1839 - d. 1907) PLH
1 Feb 1903 - 18 Feb 1903 Council
of Ministers (acting)
- Trinidad Fiallos Salgado
- Juan Ángel Arias Boquín
(b. 1859 - d. 1927) PLH
- Máximo Betancourt
Rosales
Mil/PLH
- Daniel Vicente Fortín Ordoñez (b.
1870 - d. 1917)
- Manuel Sabino López Lagos
(b. 1868 - d. 19..)
- Francisco
Altschul
(b. 1865 - d. 1936) Mil
18 Feb 1903 - 13 Apr 1903 Juan
Ángel Arias
Boquín
(s.a.)
PLH
13 Apr 1903 - 25 Feb 1907 Manuel Bonilla
Chirinos (1st time) (b. 1849 - d. 1913) Mil/PNH
(in opposition at Amapala 1 Feb - 13 Apr 1903)
25 Feb 1907 - 18 Apr 1907 Provisional
Government Junta
(chair
rotating every 2 weeks,
in the order given)
- Miguel
Ángel Oquelí Bustillo (b. 1856 -
d. 1938) Mil/PLH
- Máximo Betancourt Rosales
(b. c.1868 - d. 1931)Mil/PLH
- José Ignacio Castro
18 Apr 1907 - 28 Mar 1911 Miguel Rafael
Dávila Cuéllar (b.
1856 - d. 1927) PNH
(provisional to 1 Mar 1908)
28 Mar 1911 - 1 Feb 1912 Francisco
Bertrand
Barahona (b.
1866 - d. 1926) PNH
(1st time)(acting)
1 Feb 1912 - 21 Mar 1913
Manuel Bonilla Chirinos (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PNH
21 Mar 1913 - 9 Sep 1919
Francisco Bertrand
Barahona
(s.a.)
PNH
(2nd time)(acting to 1 Feb 1916)
28 Jul 1915 - 1 Feb 1916 Alberto de
Jesus Membreño Márquez (b. 1859 - d.
1921) PNH
(acting for Bertrand Barahona)
9 Sep 1919 - 16 Sep
1919 Salvador Aguirre
(acting)
(b. 1862 - d. 1947) PNH
16 Sep 1919 - 5 Oct 1919 Vicente
Mejía
Colindres
(b. 1878 - d. 1966) PNH
(1st time)(acting)
5 Oct 1919 - 1 Feb
1920 Francisco Bográn Barahona (acting)
(b. 1852 - d. 1926) PLH
1 Feb 1920 - 10 Mar 1924
Rafael Salvador López Gutiérrez (b.
1855 - d. 1924) PLH
(Head of State 1 Oct 1921 - 7 Feb 1922;
provisional from 1 Feb 1924)
9 Feb 1924 - 24 Mar 1924
Tiburcio Carías Andino (1st time) (b. 1876 - d.
1969) PNH
(in dissidence at Lamaní, Comayagua)
10 Mar 1924 - 30 Apr 1924 Council
of Ministers of
the
Provisional Government
-
Francisco Bueso Cuéllar
(b. 1860 - d. 1930?) PLH
- Roque Jacinto López Mejía
(b. 1880 - d. 1942)
- José María Ochoa Velásquez
(b. 1864 - d. 1928) PLH
- Rómulo Ernesto Durón y Gamero
(b. 1865 - d. 1942) PLH
(to 15 Apr 1925)
- José María Sandoval
Burgos (b. 1869 - d.
1951)
(to 28 Mar 1924)
- Marcial Lagos Laínez
(b.
1881 - d. 1947)
-
Alberto Alejandro Rodríguez (b. 1869
- d. 1930)
y Coello (from 28 Mar 1924)
24 Mar 1924 - 28 Apr 1924 Tiburcio Carías
Andino (s.a.)
PNH
(First Chief of the Liberating Revolution;
in dissidence)
30 Apr 1924 - 1 Feb 1925 Vicente
Tosta
Carrasco
(b. 1886 - d. 1930) PLH
(provisional)
1 Feb 1925 - 1 Feb
1929 Miguel Paz
Barahona
(b. 1863 - d. 1937) PNH
1 Feb 1929 - 1 Feb
1933 Vicente Mejía Colindres (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PNH
1 Feb 1933 - 1 Jan
1949 Tiburcio Carías Andino (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PNH
1 Jan 1949 - 5 Dec
1954 Juan Manuel Gálvez
Durón
(b. 1887 - d. 1972) PNH
5 Dec 1954 - 21 Oct 1956
Julio Lozano
Díaz
(b. 1885 - d. 1957) PNH
(Supreme Head of State)
21 Oct 1956 - 21 Dec 1957 Military
Government Junta
- Héctor Caraccioli
Moncada (b.
1922 - d. 1975) Mil
- Roque Jacinto Rodríguez Herrera (b. 1898 - d.
1981) Mil
(to 5 Jul 1957)
- Roberto Gálvez
Barnes
(b. 1925 - d. 1996) Mil
(to 18 Nov 1957)
- Oswaldo Enrique López Arellano (b. 1921 -
d. 2010) Mil
(from 18 Nov 1957)
21 Dec 1957 - 3 Oct 1963 José Ramón
Adolfo Villeda Morales (b. 1908 - d. 1971)
PLH
3 Oct 1963 - 6 Jun
1971 Oswaldo Enrique López
Arellano
(s.a.)
Mil;1965 PNH
(1st time)(Head of Military Government to 6 Jun 1965)
6 Jun 1971 - 4 Dec
1972 Ramón Ernesto Cruz
Uclés
(b. 1903 - d. 1985) PNH
4 Dec 1972 - 22 Apr 1975
Oswaldo Enrique López Arellano
(s.a.)
Mil
(2nd time)(Head of State)
22 Apr 1975 - 7 Aug 1978 Juan
Alberto Melgar
Castro
(b. 1930 - d. 1987) Mil
(Head of State)
7 Aug 1978 - 27 Jan 1982
Policarpo Juan Paz
García
(b. 1932 - d. 2000) Mil
(President of Military Government Junta to
25 Jul 1980, then provisional
President)
27 Jan 1982 - 27 Jan 1986 Roberto Suazo
Córdova
(b. 1927 - d. 2018) PLH
27 Jan 1986 - 27 Jan 1990 José Simón
Azcona del
Hoyo (b.
1927 - d. 2005) PLH
27 Jan 1990 - 27 Jan 1994 Rafael Leonardo
Callejas Romero (b. 1943 - d.
2020) PNH
27 Jan 1994 - 27 Jan 1998 Carlos Roberto
Reina Idiáquez (b. 1926 -
d. 2003) PLH
27 Jan 1998 - 27 Jan 2002 Carlos Roberto
Flores Facussé (b.
1950)
PLH
27 Jan 2002 - 27 Jan 2006 Ricardo Rodolfo
Levy Maduro Joest (b.
1946)
PNH
27 Jan 2006 - 28 Jun 2009 José Manuel
Zelaya
Rosales
(b.
1952)
PLH
(retains international recognition to 27
Jan 2010)
28 Jun 2009 - 27 Jan 2010 Roberto Micheletti Baín
(b. 1948)
PLH
27 Jan 2010 - 27 Jan 2014
Porfirio Lobo Sosa
(b. 1947)
PNH
27 Jan 2014 - 27 Jan 2022 Juan
Orlando Hernández Alvarado (b. 1968)
PNH
27 Jan 2022
-
Iris Xiomara Castro Sarmiento (f) (b. 1959)
Libre
Territorial Disputes:
International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the
delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El
Salvador-Honduras border in 1992 with final settlement
by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American
States survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992
ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime
boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of
Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to
claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned in the ICJ
ruling, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca; Honduras
claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the
coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a
joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala
consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under
the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum;
Honduras may have asserted claims over Serranilla Bank
and Bajo
Nuevo Bank; on 19 Nov 2012 in
regards to Nicaraguan claims over both Bajo Nuevo and
Serranilla Banks the International Court of Justice
(ICJ) upheld Colombia's sovereignty over both banks.
Party abbreviations: Libre =
Libertad y Refundación (Liberty and Refoundation,
democratic socialist, Bolivarianism, split from PLH,
est.26 Jun 2011); PLH =
Partido Liberal de Honduras (Honduran Liberal Party,
liberal, center-left, est.5 Feb 1891); PNH
= Partido Nacional de Honduras (National Party of
Honduras, conservative, nationalist, est.27 Feb 1902); Mil
= Military;
- Former parties:
Ind = Independent; Con
= Conservador (Conservative); Lib
= Liberal
Black River Settlements
1749 - 1787
|
5 Oct
1749
Black River British Settlements on
north coast of modern Honduras.
14 Jul
1786
By the Convention of London the British undertook to
evacuate
all British subjects from the northern coast
of Central
America.
10 Mar
1787
Spanish take Black River, settlers relocate into Belize
(the
evacuation of British settlers is terminated in
Jun 1787, and Spanish settlements are formed on
the Shore
immediately thereafter).
Superintendents of the Shore for Black River
Settlements
(subordinated to the governors of Jamaica)
Jan 1750 - 1754
Robert Hodgson, Sr. (1st time) (d. 1759)
(appointed 8 Oct 1749)
1754
William Galbraith
1754 - 1759
Robert Hodgson, Sr. (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1759 - 1762
Richard Jones (1st time)
1762 - 11 May
1767
Joseph Otway
(d. 1767)
1767 - Jul
1768
Richard Jones (2nd time)(interim)
Jul 1768 -
1775
Robert Hodgson,
Jr.
(b. 1725/30 - d. 1791)
1775 - 29 Aug
1776 John
Ferguson (acting)
29 Aug 1776 - 10 Mar 1787 James
Lawrie
(b. 1722 - d. c.1800)
Bay Islands
1742 - 1782, 1839 - 1860
|
30 Jul
1502
Discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus.
1638 -
1642
First English settlement on Roatán (Ruatan, Ratan)
Island by the
Providence Company.
1642
Spanish disperse English settlers.
1642
Roatán (Ruatan) Island reoccupied by English pirates.
Mar
1650
Spanish destroy English settlements.
23 Jun 1742 - 1752
Port Royal,
on Roatán Island, is re-occupied by the
British.
24 Oct 1779 - 1786
British wood-cutters from
Belize take refuge on Roatán.
16 Mar
1782
Spanish destroy Port Royal.
3 Sep
1783
By Treaty of Versailles, recognized as Spanish
territory
by the U.K.
14 Jul
1786
By Convention of London the British undertook to
evacuate
all British subjects from the northern coast of
Central America.
1787
Abandoned.
1797 -
1797
Brief British occupation.
28 Sep
1821
Claimed as part of independent Honduras (but no
settled).
1836
British settlers begin to arrive in Bay Islands from the
Caymans.
11 Apr 1839
Bay Islands (of Ruatan [Roatán],
Bonacca [Guanaja], Utilla [Utila],
Helene [Santa Elena], Barbarate
[Barbareta], and Morat) claimed
for U.K.
by Belize Superintendent Archibald
Alexander MacDonald
(d. c.1850) aboard H.M.S. Rover.
Nov
1841
U.K. asserts sovereignty over Roatán and Bonnacco, which
is
contested by Honduras.
15 Jun
1852
Colony of the Bay Islands (subordinated to Jamaica)(by
Letters
Patent of 20 Mar 1852).
28 Nov 1859
Bay Islands
and the Mosquito territory in Honduras are ceded
to Honduras by the U.K. in the Treaty of
Comayagua (ratified
14 Jul
1860, effected 1 Jun 1861).
1 Jun
1861
Honduras takes possession (Departemente de
las Islas de la Bahía).
Governors
1638 -
1642
William Claiborne
(b. c.1600 – d. c.1677)
1642 -
1650
....
Commanders
1742 - 1747?
Robert Hodgson, Sr.
(d. 1759)
1747 - 1749
John Caulfield
(d. 1752)
1749 - 1752
....
24 Oct 1779 - Mar
1782 William
Dalrymple
(b. c.1748 - d. 1794)
1783? -
1787
Edward Marcus
Despard
(b. 1751 - d. 1803)
Chief magistrates
1839 - 1841
....
1841 - 1845
....
184. - 1849
Unwins Elwin
1849 -
1850
William Eustace Fitzgibbon (acting)
1850 - 1852
John James Hall
Governors-in-chief
of the Bay Islands
15 Jun 1852 - 1 Jun
1861 the Governors of Jamaica
Lieutenant-Governors
15 Jun 1852 -
1 Jun 1861 the Superintendents of Belize
Presiding magistrates
1852 -
1855
Sir Charles Henry Johnes Cuyler (b. 1826 - d.
1885)
Dec 1855 - 1 Jun 1861
Alexander Wilson Moir
(b. 1825 - d. 1897)
Swan Islands
11 Feb 1863
- 1 Sep 1972
|
17 Aug
1502
Islands sighted by Columbus and names Islas Santa
Ana.
1680
Named Swan Islands for
Captain Charles Swan of the Cygnet.
3 Apr
1857
Claimed for United States by George V. White, Charles
Stearns,
Joseph W. Fabens and Duff Greene.
17 Jun 1857 - 4 Oct 1862 Possession of
Atlantic and Pacific Guano Company
6 Oct 1862 - 13 Oct 1870 Sold to New
York Guano Company.
11 Feb 1863
Swan Islands (Great Swan and Little
Swan Islands) annexed
by the United States
under the Guano Islands Act.
13 Oct 1870 - 18 Dec 1882 Acquired
by John M.S. Williams of New York.
18 Dec 1882 - 4 Dec 1895 Sold to the
Pacific Guano Company.
4 Dec 1895 - 1 Jul 1902
Sold to Warren K. Blodgett.
1 Jul 1902 - 5 Feb 1904
Sold by Blodgett to the Albian
Chemical Export Company.
6 Feb 1904 - 27 Nov 1908 Sold Alonzo
Adams (b. 1838 - d. 1913) who is resident on the
Islands.
1908 -
1927
Wireless Telegraph Company, a subsidiary of United Fruit
Company,
operates a
radio transmission station on the islands.
27 Nov 1908 - 1 May 1922 Conveyed by
Adams to the Swan Islands Commercial Company.
Jun 1914 - 31 Aug 1927 U.S.
Weather Bureau station of the U.S.
Agriculture Department
established.
1 May
1922
Conveyed to the Swan Island Trustees, apparently
Adams' heirs.
15 Nov
1923
Honduras reiterates its claim to the
islands to the U.S.
Aug 1928 -
1932
U.S. Weather Bureau of U.S. Agriculture Department
restored.
Aug 1938 - 1 Sep 1972
U.S. meteorological station re-established under National
Weather
Service (NWS) and later also Federal
Aviation Agency (FAA).
24 Jul 1946 - 11 Jul 1949 U.S. Department of
Agriculture operates a beef quarantine facility
on Swan Island.
22 Nov
1971
U.S. cedes the Swan Islands to Honduras by Treaty
(Islas Santanilla/Islas del Cisne).
1 Sep
1972
Formally restored to Honduras (treaty
ratified by U.S.).
Apr 1989
Honduras
declares the islands a protected wildlife refuge
(Reserva Marina Islas del Cisne).
© Ben Cahoon
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