Guam
-
![[Spanish War Ensign
(1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif "[Spanish War
Ensign (1785-1931)]")
- to 21 Jun 1898
|
-
![[US flag]](us.gif "[US flag]")
- 21 Jun 1898 - 10
Dec 1941;
- from 21 Jul 1944
|
-
![[Japan]](jp.gif "[Japan]")
- 10 Dec 1941 - 10
Aug 1944
|
-
![[Guam
flag 1917-1948 (U.S.)]](gm1934.gif "[Guam
flag 1917-1948 (U.S.)]")
- 4 Jul 1917 - 10
Dec 1941;
- 10 Aug 1944 - 9 Feb
1948
|
-
![[Flag of
Guam (U.S.)]](gu.gif "[Flag of Guam
(U.S.)]")
- Adopted 9 Feb 1948
-
|
|
| Map
of Guam |
Hear National Anthem
"The Star Spangled
Banner" |
Hear Local Anthem
"Fanohge Chamoru"
(Stand Ye Guamanians)
Adopted 2 May 1952
(Written 1919; Chamorro
lyrics from 1974) |
Guam
Organic Act
(1 Jul 1950)
--------------------------
U.S.
Constitution |
Capital:
Hagåtña (Hagatna)
(Agana 1898 - 25 Mar 1998;
Akashi 1941-1944;
San Ignacio de Agadña
1668-1898)
|
Currency:
US Dollar (USD);
1941-44 Japanese Military
Yen (XJPM)
|
National
Holiday: 4 Jul (1776)
U.S. Independence
Day
-------------------------------------
Local Holidays:
1st Monday Mar (1521)
Discovery (Magellan) Day
------------------------
21 Jul
(1944)
Liberation Day
|
Population:
169,532 (2024)
|
|
GDP: $6.91
billion (2022)
|
Exports:
$186 million (2021)
Imports: $3.6
billion (2021)
|
Ethnic groups:
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander 46.1% (Chamorro 32.8%,
Chuukese 6.7%, Palauan 1.4%, Pohnpeian
1.4%, Yapese 1%, other Native Hawaiian
and other Pacific Islander 2.8%),
Asian 35.5% (Filipino 29.1%, Korean
2.2%, Japanese 1.4%, Chinese (except
Taiwanese) 1.3%, other Asian 1.5%),
White 6.8%, African descent or
African-American 0.9%, Indigenous
0.1%, other 0.6%, mixed 10% (2020)
|
Total Active
Armed Forces: 6,363 (2023)
Police Force: 350 (2023)
Defense is
the Responsibility of the U.S.
Merchant marine:
3 ships (2023)
|
Religions:
Christian (predominantly Roman
Catholic) 94.2%, folk religions 1.5%,
Buddhist 1.1%, other 1.6%,
unaffiliated 1.7% (2020)
|
| International
Organizations/Treaties:
AOSIS (observer), Interpol (subbureau),
IOC, PC, PIF (associate), UNPO, UPU |
|
Guam
Index
|
Chronology
6 Mar
1521 Guahan
(Guam) sighted by Fernando de
Magallanes
(Fernão de
Magalhães)(b. c.1480 - d. 1521) and
claimed for Spain, later as
part of the Islas de
Los Ladrones (or 17 Mar 1521,
according to Ginés
de
Mafra another chronicler of the
expedition).
22 Jan
1565
Guahan (Guam) re-claimed as a Spanish
possession by
Miguel López de Legazpi (b. 1502 - d.
1572), named
Isla
de San José.
16 Jun
1668
Spanish colony of the Islas Marianas
(Mariana
Islands); subordinated New
Spain (see Mexico)
to
29
Sep 1817.
29 Sep 1817 - 1899
Subordinated to the Philippines.
21 Jun
1898
U.S. territory (Guam).
21 Jun 1898 - 30 Jun
1950 Administered by U.S. Navy
(interrupted 1941-1944).
10 Dec 1941 - 10 Aug
1944 Japanese occupation
(renamed Ōmiya-jima ["Great
Shrine Island"]; Guam-to was
also in use, and
Agana is renamed Akashi ["Bright
Stone"]).
10 Aug 1944 - 30 May
1946 U.S. military occupation
(invasion begun on 21 Jul).
1 Jul 1950
Administered by U.S. Department of
Interior.
4 Nov 1969
Guam votes 58% against
reintegration with Northern
Marianas.
4 Sep
1976
Status referendum votes 58% for
status quo with
improvements, statehood 24%, status
quo 9%, and
independence 6%.
4 Aug
1979
Referendum votes 81.8% to 18.2%
against a Territory
of
Guam Constitution.
30 Jan
1982
Status referendum results in a
plurality for
commonwealth 49%, with statehood 26%,
status quo
10%,
free association 4%, and independence
4% (a
4 Sep 1982 runoff chose commonwealth
72.8% over
statehood 27.2% as the preferred
status).
|
Hagatna
(Agana)
Mayors
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| |
|
Governors
16 Jun 1668 - 2 Apr 1672 Padre Diego Luís
de San Vitores (b. 1627 - d. 1672)
2 Apr 1672 - 13 Jun 1672 Francisco Solano
(d. 1672)
13 Jun 1672 - 2 Feb 1674 Francisco Ezquerra
(d. 1674)
2 Feb 1674 - 16 Jun 1674 Pierre Coomans
(d. 1684)
Military commanders
16 Jun 1668 - 2 May 1672 Juan de Santa
Cruz
2 May 1672 - 16 Jun 1674 Juan de
Santiago
Governors (of the Mariana Islands)
16 Jun 1674 - 10 Jun 1676 Damián de Esplana (1st
time) (d. 1694)
10 Jun 1676 - 21 Jun 1678 Francisco de Irisarri y
Vivar
(acting)
21 Jun 1678 - 5 Jun 1680 Juan Antonio de
Salas
5 Jun 1680 - 15 Jun 1681 José de Quiroga y
Losada (1st time)(b. 1636 - d. 1720)
(acting)
15 Jun 1681 - 3 Nov 1683 Antonio de Saravia
(d. 1683)
3 Nov 1683 - Feb 1686 Damián
de Esplana (2nd time) (s.a.)
Feb 1686 - Sep 1689 José de
Quiroga y Losada (2nd time)(s.a.)
Sep 1689 - 16 Aug 1694 Damián
de Esplana (3rd time) (s.a.)
16 Aug 1694 - 26 Jul 1696 José de Quiroga y
Losada (3rd time)(s.a.)
26 Jul 1696 - 15 Sep 1700 José Madrazo (interim)
15 Sep 1700 - 1 Sep 1704 Francisco Medrano
y Asiain
(interim)
1 Sep 1704 - 1706
Antonio Villamor y Vadillo
(interim)
1706 - 1 Sep 1709
Manuel Argüelles y Valdés
(1st
time)(acting)
1 Sep 1709 - 21 Nov 1720 Juan Antonio
Pimentel
(b. 1644? - d. 17..)
21 Nov 1720 - 4 Apr 1725 Luis Antonio
Sánchez de Tagle
4 Apr 1725 - 28 Sep 1725 Juan de Ojeda
(acting)
28 Sep 1725 - 12 Feb 1730 Manuel Argüelles y
Valdés
(2nd time)
12 Feb 1730 - 1 Nov 1730 Pedro Lasso de la
Vega
1 Nov 1730 - 25 Aug 1734 Diego Félix de
Balboa (interim)
25 Aug 1734 - 2 Apr 1740 Francisco
Cárdenas
Pacheco
(d. 1740)
2 Apr 1740 - 21 Sep 1746 Miguel Fernández
de Cárdenas
21 Sep 1746 - 8 Sep 1749 Domingo Gómez de
la Sierra
8 Sep 1749 - 6 Nov 1756 Enrique de
Olavide y Michelena
(1st time)
6 Nov 1756 - 20 Nov 1759 Andrés del Barrio
y Rábago
20 Nov 1759 - 9 Jun 1768 José de Soroa y
Lorca
9 Jun 1768 - 15 Sep 1771 Enrique de
Olavide y Michelena
(2nd time)
15 Sep 1771 - 15 Jun 1774 Mariano Tobías
(d. 1794)
15 Jun 1774 - 6 Jun 1776 Antonio Apodaca
(interim)
6 Jun 1776 - 21 Aug 1786 Felipe de Ceraín
21 Aug 1786 - 2 Sep 1794 José Arleguí
y Leóz
(b. 1741/42 - d. ....)
2 Sep 1794 - 12 Jan 1802 Manuel Muro
(b. c.1750 - d. 18..)
12 Jan 1802 - 18 Oct 1806 Vicente Blanco
18 Oct 1806 - 26 Jul 1812 Alejandro Parreño
26 Jul 1812 - 15 Aug 1822 José de Medinilla y
Pineda
(1st time)
15 Aug 1822 - 15 May 1823 José Montilla
(interim)
15 May 1823 - 1 Aug 1826 José Ganga
Herrero
1 Aug 1826 - 26 Sep 1831 José de Medinilla
y Pineda
(2nd time)
26 Sep 1831 - 1 Oct 1837 Francisco Ramón
de Villalobos (b. 1796 - d.
1862)
1 Oct 1837 - 1 Oct 1843 José
Casillas
Salazar
(d. 1884)
1 Oct 1843 - 4 Apr 1848 Gregorio
Santa
Maria
(d. 1848)
7 Apr 1848 - 8 Sep 1848 Félix Calvo
y Noriega (acting)
8 Sep 1848 - 16 May 1855 Pablo Pérez
16 May 1855 - 28 Jan 1866 Felipe María de la
Corte y Ruano (b. 1819 - d. 1892)
Calderón
28 Jan 1866 - 17 Aug 1871 Francisco Moscoso y
Lara
17 Aug 1871 - 24 Mar 1873 Luis de Ibáñez y
García
24 Mar 1873 - 14 Jan 1875 Eduardo Beaumont y
Calafat (b. 1827 - d. 1885)
14 Jan 1875 - 15 Aug 1880 Manuel Bravo y Barrera
15 Aug 1880 - 18 Mar 1884 Francisco Brochero y
Parreño
18 Mar 1884 - 3 Aug 1884 Ángel
de Pazos y Vela Hidalgo (b. 1831 -
d. 1884)
3 Aug 1884 - 1 Nov 1884 Antonio
Borredá y Alares (acting)
1 Nov 1884 - 22 Jul 1885 Francisco Olive y
García
22 Jul 1885 - 21 Apr 1890 Enrique Solano
Llanderal
(b. 1848 - d. 1906)
21 Apr 1890 - 14 Aug 1891 Joaquín Vara de Rey y
Rubio (b. 1841 - d.
1898)
14 Aug 1891 - 23 Aug 1892 Luis Santos
Fontordera
(b. 1850 - d. 1911)
23 Aug 1892 - 1 Sep 1893 Vicente Gómez
Hernández
(d. 1893)
1 Sep 1893 - 31 Oct 1893 Juan Godoy del
Castillo (acting)
31 Oct 1893 - 24 Dec 1895 Emilio Galisteo y
Brunenque
24 Dec 1895 - 15 Feb 1897 Jacobo Marina Vega
(b. 1847 - d. 19..)
15 Feb 1897 - 17 Apr 1897 Ángel Nieto y de
Molina
de (b.
1859 - d. 1904)
Esquinas (acting)
17 Apr 1897 - 21 Jun 1898 Juan Marina y Vega
(b. 1846 - d. 1909)
Commissioners
21 Jun 1898 - Jun 1898 Henry
Glass (U.S. Naval commander) (b. 1844 - d. 1908)
23 Jun
1898
Francisco Portusach
Martínez (b. 1864 -
d. 1919)
(acting)
23 Jun 1898 - 31 Dec 1898 José Sixto (Sisto) y
Rodríguez (b. 1862? - d. 19..)
(1st time) (acting)
31 Dec 1898 - 1 Jan 1899 Venancio Roberto
(acting)
1 Jan 1899 - 23 Jan 1899 José Sixto (Sisto)
y Rodríguez (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
23 Jan 1899 - 1 Feb 1899 Edward David
Taussig (acting) (b. 1847
- d. 1921)
1 Feb 1899 - 20 Apr 1899 Joaquín Pérez y
Cruz (acting) (b. 1860? - d. c.1939)
Governors
20 Apr 1899 - 7 Aug 1899 William Pritchard
Coe (acting) (b. 1857 - d. 1909)
7 Aug 1899 - 30 Aug 1899 Louis A. Kaiser
(acting) (b. 1870 -
d. 1939)
30 Aug 1899 -
1900
Richard Phillips
Leary
(b. 1842 - d. 1901)
30 Aug 1899 -
1900
William Edwin
Safford
(b. 1859 - d. 1926)
(acting for Leary)
19 Jul 1900 -
1901
Seaton Schroeder (1st
time) (b. 1849
- d. 1922)
11 Aug 1901 - 1 Nov 1901 William Swift
(b. 1848 - d. 1919)
2 Nov 1901 - 6 Feb 1903 Seaton
Schroeder (2nd
time) (s.a.)
6 Feb 1903 - 11 Jan 1904 William Elbridge
Sewell (b. 1851
- d. 1904)
11 Jan 1904 - 28 Jan 1904 Frank H. Schofield
(acting) (b. 1869 - d.
1942)
28 Jan 1904 - 16 May 1904 Raymond Stone (acting)
(b. 1873 - d.
1956)
16 May 1904 - 2 Nov 1905 George Leland
Dyer
(b. 1849 - d. 1914)
2 Nov 1905 - 3 Dec 1906 Luke McNamee
(1st time)(acting) (b. 1871 - d. 1951)
3 Dec 1906 - 3 Oct 1907 Templin
Morris Potts
(b. 1855 - d. 1927)
3 Oct 1907 - 28 Dec 1907 Luke McNamee (2nd
time)(acting) (s.a.)
28 Dec 1907 - 5 Nov 1910 Edward John Dorn
(b. 1854 - d. 1937)
5 Nov 1910 - 21 Jan 1911 Frank Barrows
Freyer (acting) (b. 1878 -
d. 1930)
21 Jan 1911 - 30 Jan 1912 George Robert
Salisbury (b.
1855 - d. 1950)
30 Jan 1912 - 23 Sep 1913 Robert Edward
Coontz
(b. 1864 - d. 1935)
23 Sep 1913 - 28 Mar 1914 Alfred Walton Hinds
(acting) (b. 1874 - d. 1957)
28 Mar 1914 - 29 Apr 1916 William John
Maxwell
(b. 1859 - d. 1934)
29 Apr 1916 - 8 May 1916 William Pigott
Cronan (acting) (b. 1879 - d. 1929)
8 May 1916 - 30 May 1916 Edward E. Simpson
(acting)
30 May 1916 - 15 Nov 1918 Roy Campbell Smith
(b. 1858 - d. 1940)
15 Nov 1918 - 22 Nov 1919 William Wirt Gilmer
(1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1955)
22 Nov 1919 - 21 Dec 1919 William Adams Hodgman
(acting) (b. 1884 - d. 1967)
21 Dec 1919 - 7 Jul 1920 William Wirt
Gilmer (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Jul 1920 - 27 Feb 1921 Ivan Cyrus
Wettengel
(b. 1876 - d. 1935)
27 Feb 1921 - 7 Feb 1922 James Sutherland
Spore (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1937)
7 Feb 1922 - 8 Dec 1922 Adelbert
Althouse (1st time) (b. 1869 - d.
1954)
8 Dec 1922 - 14 Dec 1922 John Paul Miller
(acting)
14 Dec 1922 - 4 Aug 1923 Adelbert Althouse
(2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Aug 1923 - 26 Aug 1924 Henry Bertrand
Price
(b. 1869 - d. 1941)
26 Aug 1924 - 7 Apr 1926 Alfred Winsor
Brown (acting) (b. 1885 -
d. 1938)
7 Apr 1926 - 11 Jun 1929 Lloyd Stowell
Shapley
(b. 1875 - d. 1969)
11 Jun 1929 - 15 May 1931 Willis Winter
Bradley
(b. 1884 - d. 1954)
15 May 1931 - 21 Jun 1933 Edmund Spence
Root
(b. 1881 - d. 1961)
21 Jun 1933 - 27 Mar 1936 George Andrew
Alexander
(b. 1902 - d. 1969)
27 Mar 1936 - 8 Feb 1938 Benjamin Vaughan
McCandlish (b.
1886 - d. 1975)
8 Feb 1938 - 20 Apr 1940 James Thomas
Alexander (b.
1888 - d. 1952)
20 Apr 1940 - 10 Dec 1941 George Johnson
McMillin
(b. 1889 - d. 1983)
(Japanese prisoner 10 Dec 1941 - 20 Aug 1945)
Japanese Military governors
10 Dec 1941 - 14 Jan 1942 Tomitarō Horii
(b. 1890 - d. 1942)
(55th Infantry Division)
14 Jan 1942 - Jun 1942 Hiroshi Hayashi
(54th Naval Guard Unit)
Jun 1942 - 20 Mar 1944 Yatuka
Sugimoto
(b.
c.1890 - d. 1944)
(54th Naval Guard Unit)
20 Mar 1944 - 28 Jul 1944 Takeshi Takashina
(b. 1891 - d. 1944)
(29th Division)
28 Jul 1944 - 11 Aug 1944 Hideyoshi Obata
(b. 1890 - d. 1944)
(31st Army)
Japanese Civil administrators
Jan 1942 - Jun
1942 Yamano
Yūkichi
Jun 1942 - 1 Mar 1944
Homura Teiichi
(b. 1887? - d. 19..)
U.S. Military governor
21 Jul 1944 - 30 May 1946 Henry Louis
Larsen
(b. 1890 - d. 1962) Mil
(island commander to 15 Aug 1944)
Governors
30 May 1946 - 27 Sep 1949 Charles Alan
Pownall
(b. 1887 - d. 1975) Mil
27 Sep 1949 - 20 Feb 1953 Carlton S.
Skinner
(b. 1913 - d. 2004) Dem
20 Feb 1953 - 23 Apr 1953 Randall "Pat" S.
Herman (acting)
23 Apr 1953 - 19 May 1956 Ford Quint
Elvidge
(b. 1892 - d. 1980) Rep
19 May 1956 - 2 Oct 1956 William T.
Corbett (acting) (b. 1902 -
d. 1971) Rep
2 Oct 1956 - 14 Nov 1959 Richard Barrett
Lowe
(b. 1902 - d. 1972) Rep
14 Nov 1959 - 9 Jul 1960 Marcellus Graeme
Boss (acting) (b. 1901 - d. 1967)
Rep
9 Jul 1960 - 20 May 1961 Joseph F.
Flores
(b. 1900 - d. 1981) Rep
20 May 1961 - 20 Jan 1963 William "Bill" Patlov
Daniel (b. 1915 - d.
2006) Dem
20 Jan 1963 - 30 Jun 1969 Manuel Flores Leon
Guerrero (b.
1914 - d. 1985) Dem
(acting for Daniel from 20 Sep 1962)
1 Jul 1969 - 6 Jan 1975 Carlos Garcia
Camacho
(b. 1924 - d. 1979) Jan 1971;Rep
6 Jan 1975 - 1 Jan 1979 Ricardo
Jerome Bordallo (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 1990) Dem
1 Jan 1979 - 3 Jan 1983 Paul
McDonald
Calvo
(b.
1934)
Rep
3 Jan 1983 - 5 Jan 1987 Ricardo
Jerome Bordallo (2nd time)
(s.a.)
Dem
5 Jan 1987 - 2 Jan 1995 Joseph
Franklin
Ada
(b.
1943)
Rep
2 Jan 1995 - 6 Jan 2003 Carl Tommy
Cruz
Gutierrez
(b.
1941)
Dem
6 Jan 2003 - 3 Jan 2011
Felix Perez
Camacho
(b.
1957)
Rep
3 Jan 2011 -
7 Jan 2019
Eddie Baza Calvo
(b. 1961)
Rep
7 Jan 2019 -
Lourdes "Lou" Leon Guerrero
(f) (b.
1950)
Dem
Party abbreviations: Dem = Democratic
Party (liberal, center-left, est.1829); Rep =
Republican Party (conservative, center-right, est.1854);
Mil = Military
© Ben Cahoon
|
