Puerto Rico
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![[Spanish War Ensign (1785-1931)]](es-1785.gif) -
to 1 Jan 1899
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![[US flag]](us.gif) -
Adopted 1 Jan 1899
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![[Flag of Puerto Rico]](pr.gif) -
22 Dec 1895 - 24 Jul 1952 (unofficial),
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Adopted 24 Jul 1952
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![[Flag of Puerto Rico (dark blue) 1895 -1995]](pr_dark.gif) -
22 Dec 1895 - 3 Aug 1995 Variant
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Map
of Puerto Rico
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Hear
National Anthem "The Star Spangled Banner"
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Hear
Local Anthem "La Borinqueña" Adopted 1952 (Lyrics 1977)
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Constitution (25 Jul 1952)
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Capital: San Juan
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Currency: U.S. Dollar (USD)
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National Holiday: 4 Jul (1776) U.S. Independence Day --------------------------------------
Local Holiday: 25 Jul (1952) Commonwealth Day
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Population: 3,989,133 (2011)
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GDP: $64.8 billion (2010)
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Exports: $68.8 billion (2010)
Imports: $41.4 billion (2010)
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Ethnic groups: white (mostly Spanish origin) 76.2%, black 6.9%,
Asian 0.3%, Amerindian 0.2%, mixed 4.4%, other 12% (2007)
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Total Active U.S. Armed Forces: 198 (2006)
Defense is the Responsibility of the U.S.
Merchant marine: 3 ships (2010)
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Religions: Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant
13%,
independent Christian 6%, Jehovah's Witness 2%, nonreligious/atheist 2%, Spiritist 1%, other 2% (2000)
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| International
Organizations/Treaties: CAP (observer), Caricom (observer), Interpol
(subbureau), IOC, ITUC, UNWTO (associate), UPU, WFTU, WHO (associate) |
Puerto Rico
Index
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Chronology
19 Nov 1493
Discovered and claimed for Spain by Christopher
Columbus, named Isla de San Juan Bautista.
12 Aug 1508
Spanish colony; subordinated to Santo
Domingo
(to 1797).
24 Sep 1868 - Oct 1868 Lares Rebellion,
Republic of Puerto Rico.
9 Nov 1897
Autonomy granted.
25 Jul 1898
Occupied by U.S.
10 Dec 1898
Ceded to U.S. by Spain; spelled
Porto Rico until 17 May 1932.
1 Jan 1899
Spain cedes colonial authority to U.S.
(de jure 11 Apr 1899); subordinated to
War Department until 1935; then Department
of the Interior to 1952.
2 Mar 1917
U.S. territory.
25 Jul 1952
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado
de Puerto Rico).
23 Jul 1967 Referendum
votes 60%-39% status quo over statehood. 14 Nov 1993 Referendum votes 48%-46% status quo over statehood.
13 Dec 1998 Referendum votes 50%-46% status quo over statehood. |
Mayors of
San Juan
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Mona Island
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Culebra Island
(1874-1917)
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Vieques Island
(1811-1854)
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Governors
1505
Vicente
Yáñez Pinzón
(b. 1463 - d. 1514)
(did not take office)
1508 - Oct 1509
Juan Ponce de León (1st time) (b. 1460 - d. 1521)
Oct 1509 - Mar 1510
Juan Cerón (1st time)(alcalde mayor)
Mar 1510 - 1511 Juan Ponce de León (2nd time) (s.a.)
1511 - 1513
Juan Cerón (2nd time) 1513 - 1514
Rodrigo Moscoso
1514 Gonzalo de Ovalle
(did not take office)
1514 - 1515
Cristóbal de Mendoza
1515 - 1519
Juan Ponce de León (3rd time) (s.a.)
1519 Sánchez Velázquez
1519 - 1521
Antonio de la Gama (1st time)
1521 - 1523
Pedro Moreno (1st time)
1523 - 1524
Alonso Manso, arzobispo (b. 1460 - d. 1539)
de San Juan
1524 - 1529
Pedro Moreno (2nd time)
1529 - 1530
Antonio de la Gama (2nd time)
1530 - 1536
Francisco Manuel de Landó
1536 - 1537 Vasco de Tiedra
1537 Jerónimo de Ortal
1537 - 1544
Alcaldes
1544
Jerónimo Ledrón de Quinóñes
1544 - 1546
Iñigo López Cervantes
1546 - 1550
Diego de Caraza (1st time)
1550 - 1555
Luis de Vallejo
1555
Alonso Estévez
1555 - 1561
Diego de Caraza (2nd time)
1561 - 1564
Antonio de la Llama Vallejo
1564 - 1568
Francisco Bahamonde de Lugo
1568 - 1574
Francisco de Solís
1575 - 1579
Francisco de Obando y Mejía
1579 Juan Ponce de León II (acting) (b. 1524 - d. 1591)
1580 Jerónimo de Agüero Campuzano
1580 - 1581
Juan de Céspedes
1581 - 1582
Juan López Melgarejo
1582 - 1593
Diego Menéndez de Valdés
1593 - 1597
Pedro Suárez de Coronel (1st time)
1597 - 1598
Antonio de Mosquero
1598 - 1599
Pedro Suárez de Coronel (2nd time)
1599 - 1602
Alonso de Mercado
1602 - 1608
Sancho Ochóa y Castro, conde de
Salvatierra
1608 - 1614
Gabriel de Rojas Párano
1614 - 1620
Felipe de Beaumont y Navarra
1620 - 1625
Juan de Vargas 1625 - 1630
Juan de Haro y Sanvitores
1631 - 1635
Enrique Enríquez de Sotomayor
1635 - 1641
Iñigo de la Mota Sarmiento
1641
Agustín de Silva y Figueroa
1642 - 1643
Juan de Bolaños
1643 - 1648
Fernando de la Riva Agüero y
Setien
1649 - 1655
Diego de Aguilera y Gamboa
1655 - 1660
José Novoa y Moscoso Pérez y
Buitron
1660 - 1664
Juan Pérez de Guzmán y Chagoyen
1664 - 1670
Jerónimo de Velasco
1670 - 1674
Gaspar de Arteaga y Aunoavidao
1674 Diego Roblandillo
1674
Baltasar de Figueroa y Castilla
1675 - 1678
Alonso de Campos y Espinosa
1678 - 1683
Juan de Robles Lorenzana
1683 - 1685
Gaspar Martínez de Andino
1685 - 1690 Juan Francisco Medina (1st time)
1690 - 1695
Gaspar de Arredondo y Valle
(1st time)
1695 - 1697
Juan Francisco Medina (2nd time)
1697 - 1698 Tomas Franco
1698 - 1699
Antonio de Robles Silva
17 Oct 1699 - Jun 1700 Gaspar de Arredondo
y Valle
(2nd time)
Jun 1700 - 23 Jul 1703 Gabriel Gutiérrez
de Riva (b. 16..
- d. 1703)
24 Jul 1703 - 12 Oct 1703 Diego Jiménez de Villarán
(acting)
12 Oct 1703 - 25 Oct 1703 Gaspar de Olivares
+ Andrés Montañez
(alcaldes ordinarios)
25 Oct 1703 - 27 Jul 1705 Francisco Sánchez Calderón
(acting)
27 Jul 1705 - 26 Mar 1706 Pedro de Arroyo Guerrero (acting)
26 Mar 1706 - 24 Dec 1708 Juan López de Morla (acting)
24 Dec 1708 - 18 Jul 1711 Francisco Danío Granados
(1st time)
18 Jul 1711 - 12 Feb 1716 Juan de Rivera
12 Feb 1716 - 30 Aug 1716 José Francisco Carreño
(acting)
30 Aug 1716 - 7 Apr 1720 Alberto Bertodano
7 Apr 1720 - 1724
Francisco Danío Granados (2nd time)
1724
Antonio de Isasi
22 Aug 1724 - 11 Oct 1731 José Antonio de Mendizábal
y Azcue
11 Oct 1731 - 28 Jun 1743 Matías de Abadía
28 Jun 1743 - 29 Oct 1743 Domingo Pérez de Mandares
(acting)
29 Oct 1743 - 31 Dec 1750 Juan José Colomo
Jan 1751 - 8 Jul 1751 Agustín
de Pareja
(d. 1751)
8 Jul 1751 - 1753
Esteban Bravo de Rivero (1st time)
(acting)
1753 - 30 Aug 1757
Felipe Ramírez de Estenos
30 Aug 1757 - 3 Jun 1759 Esteban Bravo de Rivero (2nd
time)
(acting)
Jun 1759 - 7 Mar 1760 Mateo de Guazo
Calderón
(d. 1760)
7 Mar 1760 - 29 Nov 1760 Esteban Bravo de Rivero (3rd
time)
(acting)
29 Nov 1760 - 12 Mar 1766 Ambrosio de Benavides Medina Liñán (b. 1718 - d. 1787)
y Torres 12 Mar 1766 - 22 Oct 1768 Marcos de Vergara
22 Oct 1768 - 29 Jul 1769 José Tentor (acting)
29 Jul 1769 - 2 Jun 1776 Miguel de Muesas
2 Jun 1776 - 9 Apr 1783 José Dufresne
9 Apr 1783 - 27 May 1789 Juan Andrés Dabán y Busterino (b. 1724 - d. 1793)
27 May 1789 - 1789
Francisco Torralbo (1st time)
(acting)
1789 - 8 Jul 1792
Miguel Antonio de Ustáriz
(d. 1792)
8 Jul 1792 - 1794
Francisco Torralbo (2nd time)
(acting)
1794 - 21 Mar 1795
Enrique Grimarest
21 Mar 1795 - 1804
Ramón de Castro y Gutiérrez
Jan 1805 - Jun 1809 Toribio
de Montes
Jun 1809 - May 1820 Salvador
Meléndez y Ruíz
May 1820 - Aug 1820 Juan
Vasco y Pascual
Aug 1820 - Feb 1822 Gonzalo
de Arístegui y Herrera
Feb 1822 - May 1822 José
de Navarro (acting)
May 1822 - Dec 1823 Francisco
González de Linares
Dec 1823 - Jan 1837 Miguel
Luciano de la Torre y (b. 1786 - d. 1843)
Pando, (from 1836) conde de
Torrepando Jan 1837 - Dec 1837 Francisco
Javier de Moreda y
Prieto
Dec 1837 - Oct 1840 Miguel
Lopéz de Baños
Oct 1840 - Apr 1844 Santiago
Méndez de Vigo (b. 1790 - d. 1860)
Apr 1844 - Dec 1847 Rafael
Arístegui y Vélez, (b. 1794 - d. 1863)
conde de Mirasol
Dec 1847 - Dec 1848 Juan
Prim de Prats y González (b. 1814
- d. 1870)
Dec 1848 - Apr 1851 Juan González de la Pezuela y (b. 18.. - d. 1907)
Ceballos, marqués de la Pezuela
Apr 1851 - May 1852 Enrique
de España y Taberner,
marqués de España, barón de
Ramefort
May 1852 - Jan 1855 Fernando de Norzagaray y Escudero (d. 1860) Jan 1855 - Aug 1855 Andrés
García Camba (b. 1793 - d. 1861)
Aug 1855 - Jan 1857 José
de Lemery Ibrarrola Ney y (b. 1811 - d. 1886)
Gonzáles
Jan 1857 - Jul 1860 Fernando
Cotoner y Chacón (b. 1817 - d. 1888)
Jul 1860 - Aug 1861 Sabino
Gamir Maladeñ (acting)
Aug 1861 - Mar 1862 Rafael Echagüe y Bermingham (b. 1815 - d. 1887)
Mar 1862 - Apr 1862 Rafael
Izquierdo y Gutiérrez (b. 1820 - d. 1882)
(acting)
Apr 1862 - Nov 1865 Félix
María de Messina e Iglesias (b. 1798 - d. 1872)
Nov 1865 - Dec 1867 José
María Marchesi y Oleaga (b. 1801 - d. 1879)
Dec 1867 - Dec 1868 Julián
Juan Pavía y Lacy
24 Sep 1868 - Oct 1868 Francisco Ramírez
Medina (b.
c.1828 - d. ...)
(president; in rebellion)
30 Dec 1868 - 21 May 1870 José Laureano Sanz y Posse
(b. 1822 - d. 1898)
(1st time)
May 1870 - Sep 1871 Gabriel
Baldrich i Palau
(b. 1814 - d. 1885)
Sep 1871 - Jul 1872 Ramón
Gómez Pulido
Jul 1872 - Nov 1872 Simón
de la Torre
Nov 1872 - Feb 1873 Joaquín
Enrile Hernán
Feb 1873 - Apr 1873 Juan
Martínez Plowes
Apr 1873 - Jan 1874 Rafael
Primo de Rivera y (b. 18.. - d. 1902)
Sobremonte
1 Feb 1874 - 15 Dec 1875 José
Laureano Sanz y Posse (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Dec 1875 - Oct 1877 Segundo
de la Portilla Gutiérrez
(1st time)
Oct 1877 - Apr 1878 Manuel
de la Serna Hernández y
Pinzón, marqués de Irún
Apr 1878 - Jun 1878 José
Gamir Maladeñ (acting)
Jun 1878 - Jul 1881 Eulogio
Despujol y Dussay, (b. 1834 - d. 1907)
conde de Caspe
Jul 1881 - Nov 1882 Segundo
de la Portilla Gutiérrez
(2nd time)
Nov 1882 - Jul 1884 Miguel
de la Vega Inclán y Palma,
marqués de la Vega Inclán
Jul 1884 - Sep 1884 Carlos
Suances Campos (1st time)
(acting)
Sep 1884 - 1 Nov 1884 Ramón
Fajardo y Izquierdo (b. 1826 - d. 1888) 1 Nov 1884 - 23 Nov 1884 Carlos Suances Campos (2nd
time)
(acting)
23 Nov 1884 - 10 Jan 1887 Luis Dabán y Ramírez
de Arellanó
10 Jan 1887 - 23 Mar 1887 Juan Contreras Martínez
(1st time)
23 Mar 1887 - 11 Nov 1887 Romualdo Palacios González
11 Nov 1887 - 1888
Juan Contreras Martínez (2nd time)
(acting)
1888 - 1890
Pedro Ruíz Dana
1890
José Pascual Bonanza (acting)
1890 - 1893
José Lasso y Pérez
1893 - 1895
Antonio Dabán y Ramírez de
Arrellanó 1895 - 1896
José Gamir
1896
Emilio March (acting)
Governors-general
1896 - Jan 1898
Sabas Marín y González (b. 1828 - d. 1901)
Jan 1898 - 11 Jan 1898 Ricardo de Ortega
y Diez (1st time)(b. 1838 - d. 1917)
(acting)
11 Jan 1898
Andrés González Muñoz
(b. 1840 - d. 1898)
11 Jan 1898 - 3 Feb 1898 Ricardo de Ortega y Diez (2nd
time)(s.a.)
(acting)
3 Feb 1898 - 14 Oct 1898 Manuel Macías Casado
(b. 1845 - d. 1937)
14 Oct 1898 - 18 Oct 1898 Ricardo de Ortega y Diez (3rd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
Military Commandant
25 Jul 1898 - 21 Oct 1898 Nelson Appleton Miles
(b. 1835 - d. 1925)
Governors
21 Oct 1898 - 9 Dec 1898 John Ruller Brooke
(b. 1838 - d. 1926)
9 Dec 1898 - 9 May 1899 Guy Vernor Henry
(b. 1839 - d. 1899)
9 May 1899 - 1 May 1900 George Whitefield Davis
(b. 1839 - d. 1918)
1 May 1900 - 15 Sep 1901 Charles Herbert Allen
(b. 1848 - d. 1934)
15 Sep 1901 - 4 Jul 1904 William Henry Hunt
(b. 1857 - d. 1949)
4 Jul 1904 - 18 Apr 1907 Beekman Winthrop
(b. 1874 - d. 1940)
18 Apr 1907 - 6 Nov 1909 Regis Henry Prost
(b. 1870 - d. 1944)
6 Nov 1909 - 15 Nov 1913 George Radcliffe Colton
(b. 1866 - d. 1916)
15 Nov 1913 - May 1921 Arthur Yager
(b. 1857 - d. 1941)
May 1921
José E. Benedicto (acting)
15 May 1921 - Mar 1923 Emmet Montgomery Reily
(b. 1866 - d. 1954)
Mar 1923 - 6 Apr 1923 Juan Bernardo Huyke (acting) (b. 1880
- d. 1961)
6 Apr 1923 - 1929
Horace Mann Towner
(b. 1855 - d. 1937)
1929
James R. Beverly (1st time)(acting)(b. 1894 - d. 1967)
9 Sep 1929 - Jan 1932 Theodore Roosevelt,
Jr. (b.
1887 - d. 1944)
Jan 1932 - Jul 1933 James
R. Beverly (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
Jul 1933 - Jan 1934 Robert
Hayes Gore
(b. 1886 - d. 1972)
Jan 1934 - 5 Feb 1934 Benjamin Jason
Horton (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1963)
5 Feb 1934 - 25 Jun 1939 Blanton C. Winship
(b. 1869 - d. 1947)
25 Jun 1939 - 11 Sep 1939 José E. Colón (acting)
11 Sep 1939 - 28 Nov 1940 William D. Leahy
(b. 1875 - d. 1959)
28 Nov 1940 - 3 Feb 1941 José Miguel Gallardo
(1st time) (b. 1897 - d. 1976)
(acting)
3 Feb 1941 - 24 Jul 1941 Guy J. Swope (acting)
(b. 1892 - d. 1969)
24 Jul 1941 - 19 Sep 1941 José Miguel Gallardo (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(acting)
19 Sep 1941 - 3 Sep 1946 Rexford Guy Tugwell
(b. 1891 - d. 1979)
3 Sep 1946 - 2 Jan 1949 Jesús Toribio
Piñero
(b. 1897 - d. 1952)
2 Jan 1949 - 2 Jan 1965 José Luis Alberto
Muñoz Marín (b. 1898 - d. 1980)
PPD
2 Jan 1965 - 2 Jan 1969 Roberto Sánchez
Vilella
(b. 1913 - d. 1997) PPD
2 Jan 1969 - 2 Jan 1973 Luis Alberto Ferré
Aguayo (b. 1904 -
d. 2003) PNP
2 Jan 1973 - 2 Jan 1977 Rafael Hernández
Colón (1st time) (b. 1936)
PPD
2 Jan 1977 - 2 Jan 1985 Carlos Antonio Romero
Barceló (b. 1932)
PNP
2 Jan 1985 - 2 Jan 1993 Rafael Hernández
Colón (2nd time) (s.a.)
PPD
2 Jan 1993 - 2 Jan 2001 Pedro Juan Rosselló
González (b. 1944)
PNP
2 Jan 2001 - 2 Jan 2005 Sila María Calderón
(f) (b.
1942)
PPD
2 Jan 2005 - 2 Jan 2009 Aníbal Acevedo Vilá
(b. 1962)
PPD
2 Jan 2009 - Luis Guillermo Fortuño Burset (b. 1960) PNP
Presidents of the Cabinet
11 Feb 1898 - 21 Jul 1898 Francisco Mariano Quiñones
(b. 1830 - d. 1908)
21 Jul 1898 - 6 Feb 1899 Luis Muñoz Rivera
(b. 1859 - d. 1916)
(suspended from 9 Dec 1898)
Party Abbreviations: PNP = Partido Nuevo Progresivo
(New Progressive Party, pro-statehood, affiliated with U.S. Republican Party); PPD = Partido Popular Democrático
(Popular Democratic Party, pro-commonwealth, affiliated with U.S. Democratic Party)
Mona
24 Sep 1494
Discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus (Isla de la Mona).
1515 - 1516 Ownership of island under Fernando II de Aragón.
1516 - 1520 Ownership
of island transferred to Francisco Jiménez Cardenal
Cisneros.
1520
Annexed to Puerto Rico.
1520 - 1524 Ownership passes to Francisco de Barrionuevo.
1578 - 1843
Abandoned.
22 Dec 1919 - 1945
Administered by U.S. Forest Service.
1937 - 1942
Civilian Conservation Corps projects.
1945 - 1955
Leased to U.S. Air Force.
Puerto Rican
Virgin Islands
Culebra
16 Nov 1493 Discovered and claimed for Spain (Isla Pasaje).
1874 - 1875
Attempt to impose formal Spanish administration.
27 Oct 1880
Annexed to Puerto Rico as a dependency.
1902 - 1917
Part of Vieques.
26 Jun 1903 - 1 Jul 1975 U.S. Navy annexes large parts of the island
as Culebra Naval Reservation. 1917
Created a separate island municipality.
Governors
1874 - 1875
Stevens
(d. 1875)
1875 - 27 Oct 1880
Vacant
27 Oct 1880 - 2 Aug 1881 Cayetano Escudero Sanz
Delegates
2 Aug 1881 - 1891?
Cayetano Escudero Sanz
1891 - 1892
Florentino Flaile Moscat
1893 - 1894
Ramiro Matute de Tejada
1895 - 1896
Antonio Moreno y Ramírez
1897 - 1898
Manuel Vázquez Alayón
1899 - 1905
Leopoldo Padrón Rivera
1906 - 1912
Pedro Márquez Morales
1913 - 1916
Alejandro Márquez Laureano
Vieques
19 Nov 1493
Discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus.
.... - 1647 Attempted French settlement.
1688 - Dec 1689
Attempted English settlement under William Pellet (Crab Island).
26 Aug 1717 - 10 Feb 1718 Attempted British settlement under Abraham Howell (Crab Island).
c.1745 - 1751 Attempted British settlement.
1811
Spanish administration begins (previously claimed by
Britain, Denmark and France).
1854
Annexed to Puerto Rico, becoming an island municipality.
10 Dec 1941 - 1 May 2003 2/3 of island under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Navy as part of
Roosevelt Roads Naval Station.
Commanders
1811 - 1828
Juan Roselló
1828 - 1829
Francisco Roselló (d. 1832)
1829 - 1832
José Moyano
1 May 1832 - 8 Jul 1843 Teófilo José Jaime María Le (d. 1843)
Guillou
Mayors (Alcaldes)
1843 - 1852
Francisco Sáenz (Sainz)
1852 - 1854
José Astorga
©2000 Ben Cahoon
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