Laos
-
- 1893 - 8 Apr 1945;
- 23 Apr 1946 - 11
May 1947
|
-
- 8 Apr 1945 - 23
Apr 1946;
- 11 May 1947 - 2 Dec
1975
|
-
- 16 Oct 1945 - 23 Apr
1946;
- Adopted 2 Dec 1975
|
Map
of Laos |
Hear National Anthem
"Pheng Xat Lao"
(Hymn of the Lao People)
|
Text of National Anthem
Adopted 1947
(Lyrics 1975) |
Constitution
(14 Aug 1991)
------------------------------------
Royal
Constitution
(11 May 1947-1975; in
French) |
Capital:
Vientiane
(Royal capital: Luang Phra
Bang 1946-1975) |
Currency:
Lao Kip (LAK);
1976-79 Liberation Kip (LAL);
1955-76 Old Kip (LAO);
1887-1955 French Indochina
Piastre (ICFP)
|
National
Holiday: 2 Dec (1975)
Republic Day |
Population:
7,234,171 (2018)
|
GDP: $49.34
billion (2017)
|
Exports:
$3.65 billion (2017)
Imports: $4.97
billion (2017)
|
Ethnic
groups: Lao 53.2%, Khmou 11%,
Hmong 9.2%,
Phouthay 3.4%, Tai 3.1%, Makong 2.5%,
Katong 2.2%,
Lue 2%, Akha 1.8%, other 11.6% (2015)
note: the Laos government officially
recognizes 49 ethnic groups,
but the total number of ethnic groups is
estimated to be
well over 200. |
Total Active
Armed Forces: 29,100 (2010)
Merchant marine:
1 ship (2017)
|
Religions:
Buddhist 64.7%, Christian 1.7%, none
31.4%,
other/not stated 2.1% (2015)
|
International
Organizations/Treaties: ADB,
AIIB, APA, ARF, ASEAN, BTWC, CCM, CICA
(observer), CP, CTBT, CWC, EAS, ENMOD,
ESCR, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, Intersputnik, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISA, ISO
(correspondent),
ITU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIF, OPCW,
OST, PCA, RCEP, UN, UNCLOS,
UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO,
UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO
|
Laos
Index
|
Chronology
1353
Kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Khao
161. -
1946
Separate Kingdom (from 1904
Principality) of
Nakhon Champasak.
1707 -
1828
Separate Kingdom of Wiang Chhan.
3 Oct
1893
French protectorate of Laos (Protectorat
français
du
Laos)(Luang-Prabang
protectorate; Haut Laos
and Bas Laos French
colonies until 19 Apr 1899,
then
part of Luang Phra Bang [Luang-Prabang]).
31 Jul
1898
Integration of the budget of Laos into
the general
budget of French Indochina.
19 Apr
1899
Reunion of Upper
Laos (Haut-Laos)
and Lower Laos
(Bas-Laos)
in a single résidence supérieure;
officially incorporated into the
French Union of
Indochina (see Vietnam).
23 Mar
1907
West-bank Champasak and Xaignabouri
provinces
ceded by Siam to French protectorate
of Laos.
16 Jun 1940 - 10 Mar
1945 Administration loyal to
Vichy France.
9 May 1941 - 7
Dec 1946 Xaignabouri
and right-bank of Champasak
provinces
annexed by Thailand.
10 Mar 1945 - 25 Aug
1945 Occupied by Japan (Japanese
troops present since
28 Jul 1941).
8 Apr
1945
Royal proclamation by Luang Phra Bang
declares
end to French protectorate.
15 Sep
1945
Unification of Kingdom of Laos
proclaimed.
23 Sep 1945 - 12 Apr
1946 Allied (Chinese) occupation
north of 16th
parallel and British occupation below
it.
23 Apr
1946
France re-establishes protectorate (in
Luang Phra
Bang from 13 May 1946).
27 Aug
1946
France recognizes unification of
Kingdom of Laos
(Royaume du Laos).
27 Oct 1946 - 11 May
1957 Member of the French
Union (Union Française).
19 Jul
1949
French associated state.
22 Oct
1953
Independence proclaimed (Kingdom of
Laos).
21 Jul
1954
Independence recognized by France.
2 Dec
1975
Lao People's Democratic Republic (Sathalanalat
Paxathipatai
Paxaxôn Lao).
|
Laos
(from 1945)
|
Luang Phra
Bang
(Lan Xang)
(1637-1946)
|
Wiang Chhan
(1707-1828)
|
Champasak
(1700-1946)
|
Xiang Khuang
(1687-1888)
|
Historical
Maps
of
Laos
|
|
|
|
|
Luang Phra Bang (Lan
Xang)
c.1707 - 1893
|
Map
of Luang Phra Bang
|
Capital: Luang Phra
Bang
(Luang-Prabang 1893-1945)
(Xiang Dong Xiang Thong
to 1561; Vientiane 1561-1695)
|
Population: N/A
|
....
Müang Xiang Dong Xiang Tong
... - ...
Thai occupation.
889 - ....
Part of Khmer (Cambodian) empire.
1185 - 1191
Under Khmer suzerainty.
1353
Kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Khao
1478 -
1479
Occupied by Vietnam.
1574 -
1603
Burmese vassal.
1575 -
1591
Occupied by Burma.
1707
Kingdom of Luang Phra Bang (officially Lan Xang Hom
Khao).
Mar 1765 -
1772
Under Burmese suzerainty.
1772 -
1795
Under Thai suzerainty.
1788 -
1792
Thai occupation.
179. - 2 Jun
1794
Thai occupation.
1795 -
1828
Vassal of Vietnam.
3 Oct
1893
French protectorate; part of French Indochina (see Vietnam).
21 Aug
1941
Wiang Chhan and Xiang Khuang incorporated into Luang
Phra Bang.
10 Mar 1945 - 25 Aug 1945 Japanese
occupation.
8 Apr
1945
Royal proclamation declares end of French protectorate.
25 Aug
1945
French troops liberate Luang Phra Bang.
15 Sep
1945
Part of Kingdom of Laos.
Kings
1575 -
1575
Nokeo-Koumane (1st
time)
(d. 1596)
1575 -
1591
Burmese occupation
1591 -
1596
Nokeo-Koumane (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1596 -
1621
Vorouvong Sa
II
(b. 1585 - d. 1622)
1621 -
1622
Ouphagnauvarath
I
(b. 1597 - d. 1622)
1623 -
1627
Phothisarath
II
(b. 1552 - d. 1627)
1627 -
1633
Mom
Keo
(d. 1633)
1633 -
1637
Ton Khan (Ouphagnauvarath
II) (d. 1637)
1637 -
1638
Vickhsai
(d. 1638)
1638 -
1690
Sulingvongsa
(b. 1618 - d. 1690)
1690 -
1695
Tian
Thala
(d. 1696)
1695 -
1698
Nan
Tharat
(d. 1698)
1698 -
1706
Setthathirath
II
(b. 1685 - d. 1735)
(to 1735 in Wiang Chhan)
1707 -
1713
Kingkitsarath
(d. 1713)
1713 -
1723
Ong
Kham
(d. 1759)
(in Chiang Mai 1727-1759)
1723 -
1749
Thao Ang (=
Inthason)
(d. 1749)
1749 (8
months)
Inthaphom (= Intharavongsa)
(d. 1776)
1749 -
1768
Sotika-Koumane
(b. bf.1734 - d. 1771)
1768 -
1788
Suryavong
II
(b. 1751? - d. 1791)
1788 -
1792
Thai occupation
3 Feb 1792 -
179.
Anurutha (1st
time)
(b. 1735 - d. 1819)
179. - 2 Jun 1794
Thai occupation
2 Jun 1794 - 31 Dec 1819 Anurutha
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
31 Dec 1819 - 7 Mar 1837
Manthaturath
(b. 1772 - d. 1837)
(regent for Anurutha 1817 - 31 Dec 1819; lives as a
monk in Bangkok 1825-26, leaving Luang Phra Bang to
be administered by Thai officials)
1825 -
1826
.... -Thai official
1837 -
1838
Unkeo -Regent
(d. 1850)
1838 - 23 Sep
1850
Sukha-Söm
(b. 1797 - d. 1850)
23 Sep 1850 - 1 Oct 1868
Chantha-Kuman
(b. 1799 - d. 1868)
1 Oct 1868 - 15 Dec 1895
Unkham
(b. 1811 - d. 1895)
15 Dec 1895 - 25 Mar 1904
Sakkarin
(b. 1840 - d. 1904)
(regent for Unkham Apr 1888 - 15 Dec 1895)
26 Mar 1904 - 15 Sep 1945 Sisavang Vong
(1st
time)
(b. 1885 - d. 1959)
(also king of Laos from 12 Oct 1945)
15 May 1946 - 27 Aug 1946 Sisavang Vong
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Prime minister
21 Aug 1941 - 10 Oct 1945 Prince Phetsarath
Rattanavongga (b. 1890 - d.
1959) Non-party
French Vice-consul
1887 - 5 Jun
1894
Auguste Jean-Marie
Pavie
(b. 1847 - d. 1925)
Commissioner-general
(subordinated to the Governor-general of
French Indochina)
5 Jun 1894 - Apr
1895 Auguste Jean-Marie
Pavie
(s.a.)
Commandant-supérieur
of
Bas-Laos (in Khong, Champasak)
1 Jun 1895 - 30 Apr 1899 Marie
Auguste Armand Tournier (b. 1852 -
d. 1930)
Commandant-supérieurs
of
Haut-Laos (in Luang Prabang)
1 Jun 1895 - 10 Mar 1897 Joseph Vacle
(1st time) (interim) (b. 1857 - d. 1907)
10 Mar 1897 - 11 Oct 1898 Louis Paul Luce
(interim) (b.
1856 - d. 1931)
11 Oct 1898 - Apr 1899
Joseph Vacle (2nd time) (interim) (s.a.)
Resident-supérieurs
(subordinated to the Governors-general of
French Indochina)
Sep 1895 - Mar
1896 Léon
Jules Pol
Boulloche
(b. 1859 - d. 1922)
11 Feb 1899 - 12 Feb 1903 Marie Auguste
Armand Tournier (s.a.)
(acting to 30 Apr 1899)
12 Feb 1903 - 11 May 1906 Georges Marie
Joseph Mahé (b. 1860 -
d. 1926)
(1st time) (interim)
11 May 1906 - 1 Apr 1907 Louis
Saturnin Édouard Laffont
(b. 1853 - d. 1930)
(interim)
1 Apr 1907 - 9 Jan 1912 Georges
Marie Joseph Mahé
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
24 Aug 1910 - 27 Jul 1911 Antoine Georges
Amédeé Ernest (b. 1863 -
d. 1941)
Outrey (acting for Mahé)
9 Jan 1912 - 4 Jul
1913 Louis Antoine Aubry de la Noë
(b. 1862 - d. 1942)
(interim)
4 Jul 1913 - 9 Oct 1913 Claude
Léon Lucien Garnier (b.
1863 - d. 19..)
(1st
time) (acting)
9 Oct 1913 - Feb
1914 Jean Édouard Bourcier
(b. 1870 - d. 1941)
Saint-Chaffray (interim)
31 May 1914 - 3 May 1918 Claude Léon
Lucien Garnier (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
3 May 1918 - 21 Mar 1931 Jules
Georges Théodore Bosc (b.
1871 - d. 1959)
26 Apr 1921 - Jan 1923
Joël Daroussin
(interim)
(b. 1870 - d. 1951)
(acting
for Bosc)
7 May 1925 - Jan
1926 Jean-Jacques Dauplay
(interim) (b. 1878 - d. 1943)
(acting for Bosc)
21 May 1928 - 12 Dec 1928 Paul Raimond Octane Le
Boulanger (b. 1884 - d. 1931)
(interim) (acting for Bosc)
21 Mar 1931 - 12 May 1931 Paul Raimond Octane Le
Boulanger (s.a.)
(1st time) (interim)
25 Mar
1931
Pierre André Michel Pagès
(b. 1893 - d. 1980)
(did not take office)
12 May 1931 - 4 Jun 1931 Yves Charles
Châtel
(b. 1865 - d. 1944)
11 Jun 1931 - 21 Nov 1931 Paul Raimond
Octane Le Boulanger (s.a.)
(2nd time) (interim)
21 Nov 1931 - 11 Feb 1932 Jules Nicolas
Thiebaut (interim) (b. 1884 - d. 1935)
11 Feb 1932 - 16 Dec 1933 Aristide
Eugène Le Fol
(b. 1878 - d. 1967)
16 Dec 1933 - 1 Jan 1934 Adrien Anthony
Maurice Roques (b. 1891 - d. 1977)
(1st time) (acting)
1 Jan 1934 - 10 Jul 1934 Louis
Frédéric Eckert (interim) (b. 1878 -
d. 19..)
10 Jul 1934 - 4 Aug 1934 Adrien
Anthony Maurice Roques (s.a.)
(2nd time) (acting)
4 Aug 1934 - 5 Apr 1938 Eugène
Henri Roger
Eutrope
(b. 1881 - d. 1953)
25 Nov 1934 - 13 Oct 1935 Frédéric Claire
Guillaume Louis (b. 1883 - d. 1959)
Marty (interim)
5 Apr 1938 - 16 Nov 1940 André Touzet
(b. 1883 - d. 1956)
16 Nov 1940 - 29 Dec 1941 Adrien Anthony
Maurice Roques (s.a.)
(3rd time) (interim)
29 Dec 1941 - 10 Mar 1945 Louis Antoine
Marie Brasey (b. 1891 - d.
1957)
(Japanese prisoner 10 Mar - 9 Jun 1945)
Japanese Commander 38th Division, in
Vientiane
10 Mar 1945 - Aug 1945
Masanori Sako
Japanese Supreme Counsellor
(in Luang Prabang)
5 Apr 1945 - 22 Aug 1945 Kazuo Ishibashi
Mil
(Japanese 21st Army, 2nd Div. Correspondence Corps)
Wiang Chhan (Viang Chan)
to 1828
|
1707
Kingdom of Wiang Chhan resulting from the split of
the Kingdom of Lan Xang.
1778 - 1781
Occupied by Thailand.
1781 - 12 Nov
1828
Vassal of Thailand.
12 Nov
1828
Annexation by Siam (see Thailand).
17 Oct
1887
French colony (Vientiane - French deformation of
Wiang Chhan).
1941
Incorporation into
Kingdom of Luang Phra Bang.
10 Mar 1945 - 27 Aug 1945 Occupied by Japan.
Kings
1707 -
1730
Setthathirath
II
(b. 1685 - d. 1730)
1730 -
1767
Ong Long
(d.
1767)
1767 -
1778
Ong Bun (1st
time)
(b. 1730 - d. 1781)
1778 -
1780
Phraya Supho -Thai governor
(d. 1780)
1780 - Nov
1781
Ong Bun (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
21 Nov 1781 - Jan 1795
Nanthasen
(d. 1795)
2 Feb 1795 - 7 Feb 1805
Intharavong Setthathirath
III (b. 17.. - d. 1805)
(crowned on 23 Jul 1795)
7 Feb 1805 - 12 Nov 1828
Anuvong
(b. 1767 - d. 1829)
Champasak (Nakhon Champasak)
c.1713 - 27 Aug 1946
|
Map
of Champasak
|
Capital: Pakse
[Pakxe]
(Champassak [Bassac]
1863-1908; Nakhon
Champasak 1791-1863;
Nakhon Champa Nakhaburisi
1713-1791)
|
161.
Kingdom of Nakhon Kala Champaknaburisi founded.
1713
Name changed to Nakhon Champa Nakhaburisi.
1791
Name changed to Nakhon Champasak.
1778 - 19 Sep 1904
Vassal state
of Thailand.
1811 -
1813
Thai occupation.
1819 -
1821
Thai occupation.
1851 -
1856
Thai occupation.
1860 -
1863
Thai occupation.
19 Sep 1904
French protectorate.
22 Nov
1904
Principality under French protectorate (Champassak).
9 May 1941 - 17 Nov 1946 Right-bank
of Champasak annexed by Thailand.
15 Sep
1945
Part of Kingdom of Laos.
27 Aug
1946
Principality extinguished.
Kings
1700 -
1713?
Nan Rath
1713 -
1738
Nokasat
(b. c.1693 - d. 1738)
1738 -
1791
Saya
Kuman
(b. 1710 - d. 1791)
(regent for Nokasat 1725-38)
1791
Xiang Keo
1791 -
1811
Fai
Na
(d. 1811)
1811 (3
days)
No
Muong
(d. 1811)
1811 -
1813
Cha
Nou
(d. 1813)
1813 - 1821
Ma
Noi
(d. 1821)
(fled to Thailand in 1820)
1821 -
1827
Rajabud Yo -Thai governor
(d. 1827)
1827 -
1840
Hui (Huy)
(b. 1780 - d. 1840)
1840 - 1850
Nak (regent for Hui to
1840) (b. 1774 - d.
1850)
1851 -
1852
Süa -Regent
(d. 1852)
1850 - 1853
Buwana -Thai governor
(d.
1853)
1853 - 1855
Suriya -Regent
(d.
1855)
1856 -
1858
Kham
Nhai
(b. 1830 - d. 1858)
1858 -
1860
Chu -Regent
1862 - 28 Jul
1900
Kham
Suk
(b. 1838 - d. 1900)
(governor to 1863)
28 Jul 1900 - 22 Nov 1904 Bua Laphan Ratsadany
(b. 1874 - d. 1945)
Princes
22 Nov 1904 - Nov 1945 Bua
Laphan Ratsadany
(s.a.)
Nov 1945 - 26 Aug 1946
Boun
Oum
(b. 1912 - d. 1980)
Xiang Khuang
698
Müang Maharatanaburirom Phommachakkhati
Simahanakkharatakkasela Nakhon Xiang Khuang Rajathani
state founded in the Plain of Jars.
889 -
1368
Part of Khmer (Cambodian) empire.
1478 -
....
Vassal of Vietnam.
1568 -
1598
Vassal of Pegu (Burma).
1772 -
1835
Under Thai suzerainty.
1835
Annexed by Thailand.
18..
Annexed by Vietnam.
1848
Restored as a vassal state of Vietnam.
1851
Sovereignty restored.
1875
Annexed by Thailand.
1876
Sovereignty restored.
1887
Made a vassal state of Thailand.
1888 - 3 Oct 1893
Annexed by Thailand.
3 Oct
1893
Made a French colonial (Muang Phuan) possession
as
part of Laos.
15 Sep
1945
Part of Kingdom of Laos.
Kings (rath, chao xiwit)
1687 -
1688
Chao Kham
Lan
(d. 1688)
1688 -
1690
Chao Kham
Phuttha
(d. 1690)
1690 -
1694
Chao Kham
Sattha
(d. 1694)
1694
Chao Bun Lang
Thai
(d. 1694)
1694 -
1698
Chao Bun
Lot
(d. 1698)
1698 -
1712
Chao Kham Bun Khong
1712 -
1714
Phraña Kham Thewo -Regent
(d. 1714)
(= Phraña Thammatewo)
1714 -
1740
Chao Bun Chan
1740 -
1751
Chao Kham Un Müang
1751 -
1753
Chao Ong Lo (1st time)
1753 (3
months)
Chao Ong Bun
1753 -
1779
Chao Ong Lo (2nd time)
1779 -
1781
Chao Ong Si Phom
1781 -
1782
Chao No Müang
1782 -
1802
Chao Som Phu
1802 -
1803
Chao Xiang
1803 -
1831
Chao Suthakasuvannakuman
(= Chao Noi)
1831 -
1835
Chao San -Regent
1835 - 1848
Annexed to Thailand, then Vietnam
1848 -
1865
Phra Chao Issarasettha (= Chao Po)
1865 -
1874
Chao Üng
1875 -
1876
Annexed to Thailand
1876 -
1887
Chao Khanti
1887 -
1888
Thao Xiang Phet -Regent
1888 -
1899
Kham Ngon
Laos
15 Sep
1945
Unification of Kingdom of Laos proclaimed.
22 Oct
1953
Independence.
2 Dec
1975
Lao People's Democratic Republic
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the
Lao People's Party
(from Feb 1972, Lao People's Revolutionary Party)
22 Mar 1955 - 29 Mar 1991 Kaysone
Phomvihane
(b. 1920 - d. 1992)
Presidents of the Central Committee of
the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
29 Mar 1991 - 21 Nov 1992 Kaysone
Phomvihane
(s.a.)
25 Nov 1992 - 21 Mar 2006 Khamtai
Siphandon
(b. 1924)
General Secretaries of the Central
Committee of the Lao People's
Revolutionary Party
21 Mar 2006 - 22 Jan 2016 Choummaly
Sayasone
(b. 1936)
22 Jan 2016 - 15 Jan 2021
Boungnang
Vorachith
(b. 1937)
15 Jan 2021
-
Thongloun Sisoulith
(b. 1945)
King (Rath)¹
15 Sep 1945 - 20 Oct 1945 Sisavang Vong (1st
time)
(b. 1885 - d. 1959)
Head of State
20 Oct 1945 - 23 Apr 1946 Prince Phetsarath
Rattanavongga (b. 1890 - d.
1959) LI
Kings (Rath)¹
23 Apr 1946 - 29 Oct 1959 Sisavang Vong (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(king of Luang Phra Bang 15 May - 27 Aug 1946)
28 Nov 1946 - 25 Oct 1949 Prince
Phetsarath Rattanavongga
(s.a.)
LI
(Head of State, in Bangkok
exile)
21 Aug 1959 - 2 Dec 1975
Savang
Vatthana
(b. 1907 - d. 1978?)
(regent to 4 Nov 1959)
Presidents
3 Dec 1975 - 15 Aug 1991
Prince
Souphanouvong
(b. 1912 - d. 1995) PPPL
31 Oct 1986 - 15 Aug 1991 Phoumi
Vongvichit
(b. 1909 - d. 1994) PPPL
(acting for Souphanouvong)
15 Aug 1991 - 21 Nov 1992
Kaysone
Phomvihane
(s.a.)
PPPL
25 Nov 1992 - 24 Feb 1998 Nouhak
Phoumsavan
(b. 1914 - d. 2008) PPPL
24 Feb 1998 - 8 Jun 2006
Khamtai
Siphandon
(s.a.)
PPPL
8 Jun 2006 - 19 Apr 2016
Choummaly
Sayasone
(s.a.)
PPPL
19 Apr 2016 - 22 Mar 2021
Boungnang Vorachith
(s.a.)
PPPL
22 Mar 2021
-
Thongloun
Sisoulith
(s.a.)
PPPL
- Prime ministers (Sep 1982-14 Aug 1991, Chairmen
of the Council of Ministers)
- 15 Sep 1945 - 20 Oct 1945
Prince Phetsarath Rattanavongga
(s.a.)
Non-party
- 20 Oct 1945 - 23 Apr 1946
Prince Phaya
Khammao
(b. 1911 - d. 1984) LI
-
(chairman of Provisional Government; continues
-
in Bangkok, Thailand
exile to 25 Oct 1949)
- 23 Apr 1946 - 15 Mar 1947
Prince
Kindavong
(b. 1900 - d. 1951) Non-party
- 15 Mar 1947 - 25 Mar 1948
Prince
Souvannarath
(b. 1893 - d. 1960) Non-party
- 25 Mar 1948 - 24 Feb 1950
Prince Boun Oum (1st
time)
(b. 1912 - d. 1962) Non-party
- 24 Feb 1950 - 15 Oct 1951 Phoui
Sananikone (1st
time) (b.
1903 - d. 1983) PS
- 21 Nov 1951 - 20 Oct 1954
Prince Souvanna Phouma (1st time) (b. 1901 - d.
1984) NPP
- 25 Nov 1954 - 21 Mar 1956 Katay
Don
Sasorith
(b. 1904 - d. 1959) NPP
- 21 Mar 1956 - 17 Aug 1958
Prince Souvanna Phouma (2nd time)
(s.a.)
NPP
- 17 Aug 1958 - 31 Dec 1959 Phoui
Sananikone (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
RPL
- 31 Dec 1959 - 7 Jan 1960
Sounthone
Pathammavong
(b. 1911 - d. 1985) Mil/CDIN
-
(Army Chief of Staff)
- 7 Jan 1960 - 3
Jun 1960 Kou
Abhay
(b. 1892 - d. 1964) Non-party
- 3 Jun 1960 - 15 Aug
1960 Prince
Somsanith
(b. 1913 - d. 1975) CDIN
- 30 Aug 1960 - 13 Dec 1960
Prince Souvanna Phouma (3rd time) (s.a.)
RLP
-
(from 10 Dec 1960, in Cambodia exile and at Ban
Khangkhai,
recognized by the Communist
states to 31 Dec 1961)
- 11 Dec 1960 - 13 Dec
1960 Quinim Pholsena (not
recognized) (b. 1915 - d. 1963) SPK
- 13 Dec 1960 - 23 Jun
1962 Prince Boun Oum (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Non-party
- 23 Jun 1962 - 2 Dec
1975 Prince Souvanna Phouma (4th time)
(s.a.)
NLPK
- 8 Dec 1975
- 15 Aug 1991 Kaysone
Phomvihane
(s.a.)
PPPL
- 15 Aug 1991 - 24 Feb 1998 Khamtai
Siphandon
(s.a.)
PPPL
- 24 Feb 1998 -
27 Mar 2001 Sisavath
Keobounphanh
(b. 1928 - d. 2020) PPPL
- 27 Mar 2001
- 8 Jun 2006 Boungnang
Vorachith
(s.a.)
PPPL
- 8
Jun 2006 - 23 Dec 2010 Bouasone
Bouphavanh
(b. 1954)
PPPL
- 23 Dec 2010 - 19
Apr 2016 Thongsing
Thammavong
(b. 1944)
PPPL
- 19 Apr 2016 - 22
Mar 2021 Thongloun Sisoulith
(s.a.)
PPPL
- 22 Mar 2021 - 30 Dec 2022
Phankham
Viphavanh
(b. 1951)
PPPL
- 30 Dec 2022
-
Sonexay
Siphandone
(b.
1966)
PPPL
-
-
- Commander of the Chinese
(Nationalist) 93rd Division
23 Sep 1945 - Mar 1946 Lu
Guoquan (Lu Kuo-ch'üan)
(b. 1903 - d. 1983)
(=
Zheng Chong)
- French Commissioners of the French
Republic in Laos
- (subordinated to the High
Commissioners of France in Indochina)
- 29 Aug 1945 - 6 Apr
1946 Hans Imfeld (acting to 23 Sep 1945)(b.
1902 - d. 1947)
- 6 Apr 1946 - 29 Jul 1947
Jean Léon François Marie
de (b. 1907
- d. 1951)
Raymond
29 Jul 1947 - 20 Mar 1948
Maurice Marie Auguste Michaudel (b. 1901 -
d. 1975)
(interim)
20 Mar 1948 - 8 Aug 1949
Alfred Gabriel Joseph Valmary (b.
1901 - d. 1970)
(interim)
8 Aug 1949 - 27 Apr 1953 Robert
Louis Aimable
Régnier (b. 1897 -
d. 1962)
High Commissioner of
the French Republic in Laos
27 Apr 1953 - 22 Oct 1953
Miguel Joaquim de Pereyra
(b. 1903 - d. 1979)
High Representatives
of the French Republic in Laos
22 Oct 1953 - 6 Jan 1954 Miguel
Joaquim de
Pereyra
(s.a.)
6 Jan 1954 - 4 Mar 1955 Michel Georges
Eugène Bréal (b. 1896 - d.
1973)
¹The full style of the ruler was: Samdach
Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan Xang Hom Khao Luang
Prabang Parama Sidha Khattiya Suriya Varman Brhat Maha
Sri.
Territorial Disputes: Southeast
Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check
the spread of avian flu; talks continue on completion of
demarcation with Thailand but disputes remain over
islands in the Mekong River; Cambodia and Laos have a
longstanding border demarcation dispute; concern among
Mekong River Commission members that China's
construction of eight dams on the Upper Mekong River and
construction of more dams on its tributaries will affect
water levels, sediment flows, and fisheries; Cambodia
and Vietnam are concerned about Laos' extensive plans
for upstream dam construction for the same reasons.
Party abbreviations: PPPL = Phak
Paxaxôn Pativat Lao (Revolutionary People's Party of
Laos, part of mainly Vietnamese Indochinese Communist
Party [DCSD] founded 1930 by Ho Chi Minh, a Committee
for Laos, known 1950-1955 as Neo Lao Issara [Free Lao
Front] which on 22 Mar 1955 became Phak
Passason Lao [Lao People's Party] [PPL]; renamed PPPL
Feb 1972, dictatorial, communist, only Legal Party since
1975, est.1936); Mil =
Military;
- Former parties:
CDIN = Comité pour la Défense
des Interêts Nationaux/Khana Kammakan
Pongkan Phongphanyot Haeng Xat (Committee for
Defense of National Interests, rightist, anti-communist,
military backed, 1958-1965); LI
= Lao Issara (Free Lao, nationalist, anti-communist,
1945-1949); NLPK = Lao Pen
Kang (Lao Neutralist Front, neutralist, 1961-1975); NPP
= Parti National Progressif/Phak Xat Kaona (National
Progressive Party, 1950-1958, merged into RLP);
PS = Phak Seri (Independent
Party, NPP opposition, 1950-1958, merged into
RLP); RLP
= Rassemblement du Peuple Laotien/Lao Laum Lao (Rally of
the Lao People, formed by NPP and IP, 1958-1975); SPK
= Santhiphap Pen Kang (Peace Through Neutrality,
leftist, 1955-1963)
© Ben Cahoon
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