Guinea-Bissau
 

to 24 Sep 1973   1967 (proposed colonial flag)   Adopted 24 Sep 1973   Map of Guinea-Bissau Hear National Anthem "Esta é a Nossa Pátrai Bem Amada"  (This is Our Beloved Country) Text of National Anthem Adopted 24 Sep 1974 Constitution (16 May 1984) Capital: Bissau (Boe 1973-1974 [PAIGC]; Bolama 1879-1942) Currency: Communauté Financière Africaine Franc (XOF); 1974-1997 Guinea-Bissau Peso (GWP); 1911-1974 Portuguese Guinea Escudo (GWE) National Holiday: 24 Sep (1973) Independence Day (Dia da Independência da Guiné-Bissau) Population: 1,833,247 (2018) GDP: $3.17 billion (2017) Exports: $328.1 million (2017) Imports: $283.5 million (2017)  Ethnic groups: Fulani 28.5%, Balanta 22.5%, Mandinga 14.7%,  Papel 9.1%, Manjaco 8.3%, Beafada 3.5%, Mancanha 3.1%, Bijago 2.1%, Felupe 1.7%, Mansoanca 1.4%, Balanta Mane 1%, other 1.8%, none 2.2% (2008) Total Active Armed Forces: 6,450 (2010) Merchant marine: 9 ships (2018) Religions: Muslim 45.1%, Christian 22.1%, animist 14.9%,  none 2%, unspecified 15.9% (2008) International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfCFTA, AfDB, AOSIS, APM, AU, BCEAO, BTWC, CCM, CD (observer), CEMAC,  CPLP, CTBT, CWC, ECOWAS, ESCR, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, ICSID (signatory), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA (signatory), ISA, ISESCO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, OIC, OIF, OPCW, OST, UN, UNCTAD, UNCLOS, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Guinea-Bissau Index Chronology 1446                       Portuguese explorer Álvaro Fernandes reaches Cabo                              Vermelho (Cabo Roxo) in modern Guinea-Bissau. 1456                       Sighted and claimed for Portugal by Alvise Cadamosto                              (Alvise da Ca' da Mosto)(b. c.1432 - d. 1488),                              later named Guinea Rivers of Cape Verde (Ríos                              de Guiné do Cabo Verde). 1532                       Portugal claims the Bijagós (Bissagos) Islands in                              modern Guinea-Bissau (not effected). 1588                       Manuel Lopes Cardoso from Cape Verde builds a                              Fort at Cacheu, fFrom 1590 the fort is named                              Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora do Vencimento. 1614                       Cacheu a Portuguese colony (subject to Cape Verde). 1644                       Captaincy of Cacheu (subject to Cape Verde). 1624 - 1630                Dutch occupation of Cacheu. 1675 - 1682                Company of Cacheu, Rivers and Commerce of Guinea                              (Companhia de Cacheu, Rios e Comércio da Guiné)                              founded to administer Cacheu. 1687                       Bissau settlement founded by the Portuguese;                              part of Cacheu to 1696.  3 Jan 1690 - 1703         Company of Cacheu and Cape Verde (Companhia de                              Cacheu e Cabo Verde) replaces the Company of                              Cacheu, Rivers and Commerce of Guinea. 15 Mar 1692                Captaincy of Bissau (subject to Cape Verde). Dec 1707 - Nov 1753        Bissau abandoned. Nov 1753                   Fortaleza de São José Bissau built at Bissau. 1777 - 1786                Company for the Monopoly of Commerce in the Islands                              of Cape Verde, Bissau and Cacheu (Companhia para                              o Monopólio do Comércio nas ilhas de Cabo Verde,                              Bissau e Cacheu). Jun 1792 - 29 Nov 1792     British settlement at Bolama (Beaver's colony). 1834 - 1836                County of Guinea (Comarca de Guiné) of the                              Province of Cape Verde.  7 Dec 1836                District of Guinea (Distrito da Guiné)(composed of                              Bissau and Cacheu) of the Province of Cape Verde.  7 Dec 1852                United government at Bissau. 29 Apr 1878                Slavery abolished in Guinea (by 29 Apr 1858                              Portuguese royal decree). 18 Mar 1879                Bissau and Cacheu separated from Cabo Verde as                              Portuguese Guinea (Guiné Portuguesa). 25 Aug 1887                Convention between Portugal and France on the limits                              of Portuguese Guinea, signed in Paris 12 May 1886. 30 Dec 1926                Colony of Guinea (Colónia da Guiné).              17 Apr 1931 -  6 May 1931  Loyal to the military junta in Madeira, which                               is sometimes styled as República da Atlântida                              (see under Madeira). 11 Jun 1951                Portuguese Guinea overseas province of Portugal                              (Província da Guiné). 23 Jan 1963 - 10 Sep 1974  Guinea-Bissau war of independence. 24 Sep 1973                Independence declared (State of Guinea-Bissau                              [Estado da Guiné-Bissau]). 10 Sep 1974                Independence recognized by Portugal 13 Mar 1977                Republic of Guinea-Bissau (República da Guiné-                              Bissau). Guinea-Bissau (from 1879) Cacheu (1614-1879) Bissau (1696-1879) Bolama (1792-1793) Traditional State N'Gabu

Cacheu

Administrators (Feitor) 
c.1588                     Manuel Lopes Cardoso
29 Dec 1614 - 1615         João Tavares de Sousa
Jul 1615 – Apr 1619        Baltasar Pereira de Castelo-Branco
Jul 1619 – Jul 1620        António Proença
Jul 1620 – 1620            Francisco de Moura                  (d. 1666)
1620 – Sep 1623            Francisco de Távora
Sep 1623 – c.1625          ....
c.1625 – c.1632            Francisco Sodré Pereira
163. - 1634                Francisco Nunes de Andrade
1634                       Domingos Lôbo Reymão
c.1635 - 163.              Manuel Ferreira de Brito            (d. 163.)
163. - 1641                Luís de Magalhães
1641 - 1644                Gonçalo Gambôa de Ayala (1st time)  (d. 1690)
Captains-major (Capitão-Mor de Cacheu)
1644                       Paulo Barradas da Silva (acting)    (d. 1647)
1644                       Manuel Mendes Arnaut
                             (did not take office)
1644 - 1649                Gonçalo Gambôa de Ayala (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1648 – 1649                Belchior Teixeira Cabral
                             (acting for Ayala)
1649 - 1650                Gaspar Vogado (acting)
1650 - 1654                João Carreiro Fidalgo
1655                       Manuel Paços de Figueroa
1655 - 1657                Francisco Pereira da Cunha
1658 - 1662                Manuel Dias Cotrim (Quotrim)
1662 - 1664                António da Fonseca de Ornelas
1664 - 1667?               João de Carvalho Moutinho            (b. 1615 - d. 1686)
1667 - 1670?               Manuel de Almeida
1670? - 167.               Ambrósio Gomes (acting)              (b. 1621 - d. 1679)
c.1671                     Pacheco de Melo
c.1671 - c.1673            Manuel Moniz de Mendonça
c.1674 - 1676              Sebastião Vidigal da Rosa
1676 - 1682                António de Barros Bezerra
                             (1st time)
1682 - 1685                Gaspar da Fonseca Pacheco
1685 - 1686                João Gonçalves de Oliveira
1686 - 1688                António de Barros Bezerra
                             (2nd time)
1688 - 1689                Rodrigo Oliveira da Fonseca
1689 - 1690                José Pinheiro da Câmara
1690 - 1691                Domingos Monteiro de Carvalho        (d. 1691)
1691 –  7 Jan 1692         Santos de Vidigal Castanho           (d. 1707)    
                             (1st time)
 7 Jan 1692 - 15 Mar 1694  José Pinheiro da Câmara
1694 - 1706                Santos de Vidigal Castanho           (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1706 - Jun 1708            Paulo Gomes de Abreu e Lima          (b. 1664 - d. 17..)
1708 - 1715                ....
1710/12                    Manuel Lopes Lobo
171. - 1714                Manuel Ferreira da Fonseca           (d. 1714)
1714 - 171.                João Baptista (interim)
1716 - 1717                Inácio Lopes Ferreira                (d. 1717)
1717 - 1719                António de Barros Bezerra, Jr.       (d. 1737) 
                             (1st time)
c.1720                     João Baptista         
c.Jan 1721 - Jun? 1721     António de Barros Bezerra, Jr.       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
c.Jul 1721 - c.May 1727    Pedro de Barros
c.Jun 1727 - af.Jul 1732   João Perestrelo
1732 - af.Sep 1736         João Pereira de Carvalho
bf.Jan 1737 - c.1740       Damião de Bastos
end? 1740 - c.1744         Manuel Pires Correia (1st time)
c.Jan 1744 - 1747          Dionyzio Carvalho de Abreu
1748 - 1751                João de Távora                       (b. 1703 - d. 1752)
1751 - 1756                Francisco Roque Souto-Maior
                             (1st time)
bf.May 1756 - af.Jul 1758  Manuel Pires Correia (2nd time)
1758 - 1759?               Francisco Roque Souto-Maior
                             (2nd time)
c.Oct 1759 - 1761          Duarte José Rodrigues (acting)
1761 - af.Apr 1765         Filipe José Souto Matos
c.1765 - 1766/69           Sebastião da Cunha Souto-Maior
1766/69 – 1770             Bernardo de Azevedo Coutinho  
1770 - 1774                José Vicente Pereira
1774 - 1780                António Vaz de Araújo (acting)
 2 Jun 1781 - Dec 1783     Pedro Correia de Seabra
17 Dec 1783 -  7 Apr 1784  António Teles de Meneses             (d. 1784)
bf.10 Jan 1784 - Jan 1785  João Pereira Barreto (1st time)
                           + Ambrósio da Costa Alvarenga
                           (acting)
Jan 1785 - Apr 1785        António Teles de Meneses             (d. 1785)
1785 - May 1786            João Pereira Barreto (2nd time)
May 1786 - af.Oct 1788     Luís Pedro de Araújo e Silva
af.1788                    Lopo de Almeida Henriques
May 1793 - 1797            Francisco Joaquim de Almeida
                             Henriques 
Dec 1797 - Mar 1801        Manuel Pinto de Gouveia
1801 - Feb 1803            José Joaquim de Sousa Torvão
Feb 1803 - 1804            Manoel Gonçalves dos Santos (acting)
1804                       João Pereira Barreto Júnior (ating)
1804 - 1811                João António Pinto
16 Feb 1812 - 22 Aug 1814  Joaquim José Rebello de Figueiredo
                             e Góis
22 Aug 1814 - Apr 1815     Triumvirate (in rebellion)
                           - João Pereira Barreto
                           - Manuel Gomes d'Oliveira
                           - António de Miranda Carvalho
Apr 1815 - 1818            João Cabral da Cunha Goodolfim 
                             (1st time)
Dec 1818 -  9 Jul 1819     João Teles de Meneses Drumont        (d. 1819)  
1819 - 1821                José Correia de Barros (acting)
Apr 1821 - 1823            João de Araújo Gomes
Dec 1823 - 1826            João Cabral da Cunha Goodolfim
                             (2nd time)
1826 - 182.                António Torres da Veiga Santos
1829 - 18..                José Joaquim Lopes de Lima           (b. 1797 - d. 1852)
1830 - 183.                João Cabral da Cunha Goodolfim
                             (3rd time)
30 Mar 1834 - 1835         Honório Pereira Barreto (1st time)   (b. 1813 - d. 1859)
Governors of the Place of Cacheu (praça de Cacheu)
(subordinated to Bissau)
c.1835 - 1837              José António Ferreira
Aug 1838 - 18..            Delfim José dos Santos
Oct 1842 - 1844            António dos Santos Chaves
Aug 1844 - 1846            José Xavier do Crato (1st time)      (b. c.1810 - d. 1890)
1846 - 1848                Honório Pereira Barreto (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1848 - c.1849              José Xavier do Crato (2nd time)      (s.a.)
c.1849 - 1852              .....
1852 - c.1854              Honório Pereira Barreto (3rd time)   (s.a.)
1864 - 1865                Joaquim Alberto Marques
c.1868 - c.1871            João Carlos Cordeiro Lôbo de Almeida
                             Neto Fortes

Bissau

Captains-major (Capitão-Mor de Bissau)
15 Mar 1692 - 1694         José Pinheiro da Câmara (1st time)
1694 - 1696                Santos de Vidigal Castanho           (d. 1707)
1696 - 1699                José Pinheiro da Câmara (2nd time)
1699 - 1707                Rodrigo Oliveira da Fonseca 
Dec 1707 – Nov 1753        abandoned 
Nov 1753 - 1757            Nicolau de Pina de Araújo            (d. 1757)
1757 - c.1758              Bento José Nogueira (acting) 
c.1758 - 1759              Manuel Pires Correia
1759 - 17..                Duarte José Róis
1761 - 176.                Cristóvão Fernandes Lopes Godinho
                             Sanches
c.1763 - 17..              Filipe José de Souto-Maior
1766 - 1775                Sebastião da Cunha Souto-Maior
1775 - 1790                Inácio Xavier Baião
                             (acting to 8 Apr 1775)
1790 - 1792?               Alexandre Manuel
1792 -  4 May 1793         Domingos de Veiga Escórcio (1st time)
                             (acting)
 4 May 1793 - Jun 1793     José António Pinto (1st time)
Jun 1793 - Nov 1793        Domingos de Veiga Escórcio (2nd time)
                             (acting)
Nov 1793 - 1799            José António Pinto (2nd time)
1799 - 1800                João das Neves Leão
Jun 1800 - 1802            José Calazans Pereira de Sousa Pinto
Feb 1803 - Jul 1804        António Cardoso de Faria             (d. 1804)
Jul 1804 - Feb 1805        António Cardoso de Figueiredo e Melo
                             (1st time)
18 Feb 1805 - Jul 1811     Manuel Pinto de Gouveia
Jul 1811 - 181.            António Cardoso de Figueiredo e Melo
                             (2nd time)
Dec 1815 - Jan 1823        João Higino Curvo Semedo
Apr 1823 - 1825            Joaquim António de Matos (1st time)  (b. 1788 - d. 1843)
Dec 1825 - May 1826        Domingos Alves de Abreu Picaluga
1826 - 1827                Joaquim António de Matos (2nd time)  (s.a.)
18 Jan 1827 - 1829         Francisco José Muacho
c.1829 – Jul 1830          Caetano José Nozolini (1st time)     (b. 1800 - d. 1850)
Jul 1830 - 1834            Joaquim António de Matos (3rd time)  (s.a.)
1834 – 1835                Caetano José Nozolini (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (sub-prefect of Bissau)
1835                       João José António Frederico          (b. 1799 - d. 1846)
                             (sub-prefect of Bissau)
Governors of Bissau
1835 - 1836                Joaquim António de Matos (4th time)  (s.a.)
                             (acting from Dec 1835)
1836 -  8 Jan 1837         João Eleutério da Rocha Vieira       (d. 1837)
Jan 1837 - Mar? 1837       José António Ferreira de Martins
13 Mar 1837 – 27 Jul 1839  Honório Pereira Barreto (1st time)   (b. 1813 - d. 1859)
                             (interim)
Jul 1839 - 1840            José Gonçalves Barbosa (1st time)
1840 - 1841                Honório Pereira Barreto (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1841 - 1842                José Paulo Machado
1842                       Alois da Rola Dziezaski (1st time)  
1842 - 1843                António Tavares da Veiga Santos
1843                       Antonio José Torres
1843 - 1844                José Maria Coelho
1844 - 1845                Alois da Rôla Dziezaski (2nd time)
1845 - 1847                Joaquim de Azevedo Alpoim
1847 - 1848                Carlos Maximiliano de Sousa          (b. 1811 - d. 1867)
1848 - 1850                Caetano José Nozolini (3rd time)     (s.a.)
1850 - 1851?               Nicolau Monteiro de Macedo (acting)  (b. 1816 - d. 18..)
1851 - 1852?               Alois da Rôla Dziezaski (2nd time)
1852                       Libánio Evangelista dos Santos       (b. c.1815 - d. 18..)
1852 - 1853                José Maria Lôbo de Ávila             (b. 1817 - d. 1889)
1853                       Francisco Alberto de Azevedo (acting)
1853                       Diogo Maria Morais
1853                       José Maria Correia da Silva
1853 – 1854                Honório Pereira Barreto (3rd time)   (s.a.)    
1854                       Pedro Henriques Romão Ferreira
1855 - 1858                Honório Pereira Barreto (4th time)   (s.a.)
19 Apr 1858 - 1858         António Pereira Mousinho de          (b. 1829 - d. 1858)
                             Albuquerque Cota Falcão
1858                       João José Corsino Peres (1st time)
                             (acting)
1858 - 16 Apr 1859         Honório Pereira Barreto (5th time)   (s.a.)
16 Apr 1859 - 25 Feb 1860  João José Corsino Peres (2nd time)
                             (acting)
25 Feb 1860 - 25 Feb 1862  António Cândido Zagallo              (b. c.1820 - d. 1862)
Feb 1862 - 28 Mar 1863     António Maria Maurity (acting)       (b. 1817 - d. 1868)
1863 - 1868                Joaquim Alberto Marquês (1st time)
1864 - 1865                José Xavier de Crato                 (b. c.1810 - d. 1890)
                             (acting for Marques)
1868                       Bernardo José Moreira
1868 - 1869                Manuel Fortunato Meira
1869 – 24 Jan 1871         Álvaro Teles de Menezes Caldeira     (d. 1871)
                             Castelo-Branco e Vasconcelos
Jan 1871 - Jun 1871        José Xavier do Crato (acting)        (s.a.)
30 Jun 1871 - 187.         Joaquim Alberto Marquês (2nd time)
187. - 1877                Joaquim José Lobato de Faria         (b. 1828 - d. 1877)
c.1877 - 1879              António José Cabral Vieira           (b. 18.. - d. 1910)

Bolama

Jun 1792 - 29 Nov 1792     British settlement on Bolama Island (Beaver's colony).
1814 - 1816                British found a factory, but are driven off by a Bijango raid.
1860                       U.K. declares Bolama (Bolola) River annexed to Sierra Leone.
21 Apr 1870                Arbitration by President U.S. Grant awards Bolama to Portugal.
 1 Oct 1870                Restored to Portugal.

Commander of Bolama
Jun 1792 - 29 Nov 1792     Philip Beaver                        (b. 1766 - d. 1813)
Factor of Bolama Factory
1814 - 1816                Joseph Scott
Administrators of Bolama River
Jan 1859 - 186.            David James Lawrence (acting)
bf.1866                    Brownlow Layard   
c.1867                     J.A. Smith
c.1868 -  1 Oct 1870       James Craig Loggie

Secretaries-general of the African Independence Party of Guinea-Bissau

(and to 1980, Cape Verde)(PAIGC)

22 Jul 1973 - 20 Nov 1977  Aristides Maria Pereira              (b. 1923 - d. 2011) 

                            (arrived in Bissau 19 Oct 1974)

20 Nov 1977 - 14 Nov 1980  Luís Severino de Almeida Cabral      (b. 1931 - d. 2009)

14 Nov 1980 -  7 May 1999  João Bernardo Vieira                 (b. 1939 - d. 2009)

                         ("leading role" of the party abolished May 1991)

 

Governors

12 Jul 1879 - 20 Oct 1879  Augusto Frutuoso Figueiredo de Barros(b. 1851 - d. 1921)

20 Oct 1879 – 16 Dec 1881  Agostinho Coelho                     (b. 1828 - d. 1888)
17 Dec 1881 – 17 Mar 1885  Pedro Inácio de Gouveia (1st time)   (b. 1840 - d. 1897)
17 Mar 1885 – 24 Sep 1886  Francisco de Paula Gomes Barbosa     (b. 1849 - d. 1902)
24 Sep 1886 – Nov 1886     José Eduardo de Brito                (b. 1839 - d. 1903)
Nov 1886 – Apr 1887        Augusto César de Moura Cabral        (b. 1848 - d. ....)

                             (1st time) (acting)
 5 Apr 1887 – 30 May 1888  Eusébio Castelo do Vale (acting)
30 May 1888 -  4 Sep 1888  Francisco Teixeira da Silva          (b. 1826 - d. 1894)
 4 Sep 1888 – 22 Feb 1890  Joaquim da Graça Correia e Lança     (b. 1856 - d. 1900)
22 Feb 1890 – 26 Jun 1891  Augusto Rogério Gonçalves dos Santos (b. 1842 - d. ....)

                             (interim)
26 Jun 1891 - 1895         Luís Augusto de Vasconcelos e Sá     (b. 1842 - d. 1926)
24 Apr 1893 – 23 Oct 1893  César Gomes Barbosa (acting for Sá)  (b. 1829 - d. ....)
1895 –  4 Apr 1895         Augusto César de Moura Cabral        (s.a.)

                             (2nd time) (acting)     
 4 Apr 1895 - 24 Jan 1896  Eduardo João da Costa Oliveira       (b. 1847 - d. ....)
24 Jan 1896 – 25 Aug 1897  Pedro Inácio de Gouveia (2nd time)   (s.a.)
25 Aug 1897 – 22 Dec 1897  Augusto César de Moura Cabral        (s.a.)

                             (3rd time) (acting)
22 Dec 1897 – 14 Mar 1900  Álvaro Herculano da Cunha            (b. 1864 - d. 1915)
                             (acting)
Oct 1898 – 17 Jan 1899     Albano Mendes de Magalhães Ramalho   (b. 1869 - d. 1938)

                             (acting for Cunha)
 2 Nov 1899 –  7 Feb 1900  Fernando Augusto Liso de Santana 

                             (acting for Cunha)
14 Mar 1900 – 12 Jul 1900  Joaquim José Duarte Guimarães 

                             (acting)
12 Jul 1900 – 20 May 1903  Joaquim Pedro Vieira Júdice Biker    (b. 1867 - d. 1926)
 5 May 1901 – 1901         António Alves de Oliveira 

                             (acting for Biker)
1901                       Joaquim Côrte Real Pires 

                             (acting for Biker)
1901 -  6 Dec 1901         Amadeu Gonçalves Guimarães 

                             (acting for Biker)
20 May 1903 – 23 Jul 1903  José Mateus Lapa Valente (1st time)  (b. 1851 - d. 19..)

                             (acting)
23 Jul 1903 –  9 Aug 1904  Alfredo Cardoso de Soveral Martins   (b. 1869 - d. 1938)
23 Apr 1904 – 1904         Joaquim Côrte Real Pires 

                             (acting for Martins)
1904                       António Maria Marques Perdigão 

                             (1st time)(acting for Martins)  
 9 Aug 1904 –  2 Feb 1905  José Mateus Lapa Valente (2nd time)  (s.a.)

                             (acting)
 2 Feb 1905 – 13 Aug 1906  Carlos de Almeida Pessanha           (b. 1862 - d. 1907)
Jun 1905 – 13 Feb 1906     José Mateus Lapa Valente             (s.a.)

                             (3rd time)(acting for Pessanha)
13 Aug 1906 – 29 Jun 1909  João Augusto de Oliveira Muzanty     (b. 1872 - d. 1937)
29 Jul 1907 – 18 Nov 1907  Joaquim Côrte Real Pires 

                             (acting for Muzanty)
15 Jul 1908 -  1 Dec 1908  Joaquim José Duarte Guimarães 

                             (acting for Muzanty)
29 Jun 1909 – 16 Aug 1910  Francelino Pimentel                  (b. 1867 - d. 19..)
12 Oct 1909 – 1910         António Maria Marques Perdigão 

                             (2nd time)(acting for Pimentel)   
23 Oct 1910 – 16 Aug 1913  Carlos de Almeida Pereira            (b. 1874 - d. 1948)
17 Mar 1912 – 23 Oct 1912  Sebastião José Pereira

                             (acting for Almeida Pereira)
16 Aug 1913 – 22 Nov 1913  Sebastião José Pereira (2nd time)

                             (acting)  
22 Nov 1913 – Apr 1914     José António de Andrade Sequeira     (b. 1876 - d. 1952)
                             (1st time)
14 Apr 1914 –  7 May 1915  Sebastião José Barbosa (3rd time)

                             (acting)    
 7 May 1915 – 24 Aug 1915  José de Oliveira Duque (1st time)    (b. c.1868 - d. c.1933)
24 Aug 1915 – 25 Aug 1915  Sebastião José Pereira (4th time)

                             (acting)   
25 Aug 1915 – Jun 1916     José António de Andrade Sequeira     (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
Jun 1916 – 10 Jan 1917     Sebastião José Pereira (5th time)

                             (acting)   
10 Jan 1917 – 13 Jul 1917  Manuel Maria Coelho                  (b. 1857 - d. 1943)
13 Jul 1917 –  9 Aug 1918  Carlos Ivo de Sá Ferreira            (b. 1872 - d. 1940)
 9 Aug 1918 – 21 Apr 1919  José de Oliveira Duque (2nd time)    (s.a.)
21 Apr 1919 – 31 May 1919  José Luís Teixeira Marinho           (b. 1880 - d. 1952)
31 May 1919 – 16 Jun 1920  Henrique Alberto de Sousa Guerra     (d. 1959)
16 Jun 1920 – 21 Jun 1921  Sebastião José Pereira (6th time)

                             (acting)   
21 Jun 1921 – 20 Dec 1926  Jorge Frederico Vélez Caroço         (b. 1870 - d. 1966)
 1 Jun 1923 –  5 Apr 1924  Alfredo Vieira (acting for Caroço)
20 Dec 1926 – 10 Apr 1927  António José Pereira Saldanha 

                             (acting)    
10 Apr 1927 - 17 Apr 1931  António Leite de Magalhães           (b. 1879 – d. 1944)

 1 Sep 1928 – Dec 1928     José Manuel de Oliveira de Castro 

                             (acting for Magalhães)
Oct 1929 – Dec 1929        José Alves Ferreira                  (b. 1891 - d. 19..)

                             (acting for Magalhães)
17 Apr 1931 -  8 May 1931  José Alves Ferreira (interim)        (s.a.)
 8 May 1931 – 30 May 1932  João José Soares Zilhão              (b. 1887 - d. 1979)

30 May 1932 – 22 Mar 1933  José de Ascenção Valdez (acting)     (b. 1883 - d. 1947) 

22 Mar 1933 - 1940         Luís António de Carvalho Viegas      (b. 1887 - d. 1965)

10 May 1933 – Sep 1933     José Peixoto Ponces de Carvalho      (b. 1888 - d. 1954)

                             (acting for Viegas)
Aug 1936 – 1936            José Salvação Barreto 

                             (acting for Viegas)
1938 – 1938                Augusto Pereira Brandão 

                             (acting for Viegas)    
1940 - 1941                Armando Augusto Gonçalves de Morais  (b. 1887 - d. 19..)  

                             e Castro (acting)                

 8 May 1941 - 25 Apr 1945  Ricardo Vaz Monteiro                 (b. 1891 - d. 1975)

25 Apr 1945 - 20 Jan 1949  Manuel Maria Sarmento Rodrigues      (b. 1899 - d. 1979)

1948                       Mário Ribeiro da Costa Zanatti       (b. 1896 - d. 1969) 

                             (acting for Rodrigues)
1948 – 1949                Pedro Joaquim da Cunha e Meneses     (b. 1898 - d. 1978)

                             Pinto Cardoso (acting for Rodrigues)  
21 Jun 1949 - 13 Jun 1953  Raimundo António Rodrigues Serrão    (b. 1897 - d. 1988)

13 Jun 1953 –  3 Dec 1954  Fernando Pimentel (acting)
 3 Dec 1953 - 1956         Diogo António José Leite Pereira     (b. 1904 - d. 1973) 

                             de Melo e Alvim

1956 - 1957                Álvaro Rodrigues da Silva Tavares    (b. 1915 - d. 2011)

1957 – 1958                Abel de Castro Roque (acting)

1958 - 1962                António Augusto Peixoto Correia      (b. 1913 - d. 1988)

1962 - 1964                Vasco António Martins Rodrigues      (b. 1917 - d. 1983)

20 May 1964 - 1968         Arnaldo Schulz                       (b. 1910 - d. 1993)

20 May 1968 -  6 Aug 1973  António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (b. 1910 - d. 1996)

30 Aug 1973 - 27 Apr 1974  José Manuel Bettencourt Rodrigues    (b. 1918 - d. 2011)

27 Apr 1974 -  2 May 1974  António Eduardo Domingos Mateus da   (b. 1933 - d. 2021)  MFA

                             Silva (government officer)(acting)

 2 May 1974 -  7 May 1974  Sá Gouveia (acting)

 7 May 1974 - 10 Sep 1974  Carlos Alberto Idães Soares Fabião   (b. 1930 - d. 2006)

                             (government delegate of Junta of National Salvation)

President of the Council of State

24 Sep 1973 - 14 Nov 1980  Luís Severino de Almeida Cabral      (s.a.)               PAIGC

                             (arrived in Bissau 19 Oct 1974)

Presidents of the Council of the Revolution

14 Nov 1980 - 14 May 1984  João Bernardo Vieira (1st time)      (s.a.)               PAIGC

14 May 1984 - 16 May 1984  Carmen Pereira (f) (acting)          (b. 1937 - d. 2016)  PAIGC

                             (president of the National People's Assembly)

President of the Council of State

16 May 1984 - 29 Sep 1994  João Bernardo Vieira (2nd time)      (s.a.)               PAIGC

President

27 Sep 1994 -  7 May 1999  João Bernardo Vieira                 (s.a.)               PAIGC

Supreme Commander of the Military Junta

 7 May 1999 - 14 May 1999  Ansumane Mané                        (b. 1945 - d. 2000)  Mil

Presidents

14 May 1999 - 17 Feb 2000  Malam Bacai Sanhá (1st time)(interim)(b. 1947 - d. 2012)  PAIGC

17 Feb 2000 - 14 Sep 2003  Kumba Ialá                           (b. 1953 - d. 2014)  PRS

14 Sep 2003 - 28 Sep 2003  Veríssimo Correia Seabra (interim)   (b. 1947 - d. 2004)  Mil

28 Sep 2003 -  1 Oct 2005  Henrique Pereira Rosa (interim)      (b. 1946 - d. 2013)  Non-party

 1 Oct 2005 -  2 Mar 2009  João Bernardo Vieira (3rd time)      (s.a.)               PAIGC

 3 Mar 2009 -  8 Sep 2009  Raimundo Perreira (1st time)(interim)(b. 1956)            PAIGC

 8 Sep 2009 -  9 Jan 2012  Malam Bacai Sanhá (2nd time)         (s.a.)               PAIGC

 9 Jan 2012 - 12 Apr 2012  Raimundo Perreira (2nd time)(interim)(s.a.)               PAIGC

12 Apr 2012 - 10 May 2012  Mamadu Ture Kuruma                   (b. 1947)            Mil
                             (chairman of the Military Command)

10 May 2012 - 23 Jun 2014  Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo               (b. 1958 - d. 2020)  PAIGC
                             (transitional)

23 Jun 2014 - 27 Feb 2020  José Mário Vaz                       (b. 1957)     PAIGC;2015 None

27 Jun 2019 - 29 Jun 2019  Cipriano Cassamá (1st time)          (b. 1959)            PAIGC

                             (interim, in opposition)

27 Feb 2020 -              Umaro Sissoco Embaló                 (b. 1972)            Madem

28 Feb 2020 -  1 Mar 2020  Cipriano Cassamá (2nd time)          (s.a.)               PAIGC
                             (interim, in opposition)

Prime ministers

24 Sep 1973 -  7 Jul 1978  Francisco Mendès                     (b. 1939 - d. 1978)  PAIGC

 7 Jul 1978 - 28 Sep 1978  Constantino Teixeira "Tchutcho Akson"(b. 19.. - d. 1988)  PAIGC 

28 Sep 1978 - 14 Nov 1980  João Bernardo Vieira                 (s.a.)               PAIGC

14 May 1982 - 10 Mar 1984  Victor Saúde Maria                   (b. 1939 - d. 1999)  PAIGC

10 Mar 1984 - 27 Dec 1991  Post abolished

27 Dec 1991 - 26 Oct 1994  Carlos Correia (1st time)            (b. 1933 - d. 2021)  PAIGC

26 Oct 1994 -  6 Jun 1997  Manuel Saturnino da Costa            (b. 1942 - d. 2021)  PAIGC

 6 Jun 1997  - 3 Dec 1998  Carlos Correia (2nd time)            (s.a.)               PAIGC

 3 Dec 1998 - 19 Feb 2000  Francisco José Fadul                 (b. 1953)            Non-party

19 Feb 2000 - 19 Mar 2001  Caetano N'Tchama                     (b. 1955 - d. 2007)  PRS

21 Mar 2001 -  9 Dec 2001  Faustino Fudut Imbali (1st time)     (b. 1956)            Non-party

 9 Dec 2001 - 17 Nov 2002  Alamara Ntchina Nhassè               (b. 1957)            PRS

17 Nov 2002 - 14 Sep 2003  Mário Pires                          (b. 1949)            PRS

14 Sep 2003 - 28 Sep 2003  Vacant

28 Sep 2003 - 10 May 2004  António Artur Sanhá                  (b. 1965)            PRS

10 May 2004 -  2 Nov 2005  Carlos Gomes Júnior (1st time)       (b. 1949)            PAIGC

 2 Nov 2005 - 13 Apr 2007  Aristides Gomes (1st time)           (b. 1954)            PAIGC

13 Apr 2007 -  6 Aug 2008  Martinho Ndafa Kabi                  (b. 1957)            PAIGC

 6 Aug 2008 -  2 Jan 2009  Carlos Correia (3rd time)            (s.a.)               PAIGC

 2 Jan 2009 - 10 Feb 2012  Carlos Gomes Júnior (2nd time)       (s.a.)               PAIGC

10 Feb 2012 - 12 Apr 2012  Maria Adiato Djaló Nandigna (f)      (b. 1958)            PAIGC

                             (acting)

12 Apr 2012 - 17 May 2012  Vacant

17 May 2012 -  4 Jul 2014  Rui Duarte de Barros (1st time)      (b. 1960)            Non-party

                             (transitional)
 4 Jul 2014 - 20 Aug 2015  Domingos Simões Pereira              (b. 1963)            PAIGC
20 Aug 2015 - 17 Sep 2015  Baciro Djá (1st time)                (b. 1973)            PAIGC
17 Sep 2015 - 27 May 2016  Carlos Correia (4th time)            (s.a.)               PAIGC
27 May 2016 - 18 Nov 2016  Baciro Djá (2nd time)                (s.a.)               PAIGC
18 Nov 2016 - 31 Jan 2018  Umaro Sissoco Embaló                 (s.a.)               PAIGC
31 Jan 2018 - 16 Apr 2018  Augusto António Artur da Silva       (b. 1956?)           PAIGC
16 Apr 2018 - 29 Feb 2020  Aristides Gomes (2nd time)           (s.a.)               PRID
                             (in opposition 31 Oct - 8 Nov 2019,
                             and 28 Feb - 1 Mar 2020)
31 Oct 2019 -  8 Nov 2019  Faustino Fudut Imbali (2nd time)     (s.a.)               PMP
29 Feb 2020 -  8 Aug 2023  Nuno Gomes Nabiam                    (b. 1966)            APU-PDGB
 8 Aug 2023 - 20 Dec 2023  Geraldo Martins                      (b. 1964?)           PAIGC
20 Dec 2023 -              Rui Duarte de Barros (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Non-party

Territorial Disputes: a longstanding low-grade conflict continues in parts of Casamance, in Senegal across the border; some rebels use Guinea-Bissau as a safe haven. 

Party abbreviations: APU-PDGB = Assembleia do Povo Unido - Partido Democrático da Guiné-Bissau  (Assembly of the People United–Democratic Party of Guinea-Bissau, est.Nov 2014); Madem = Movimento para Alternância Democrática (Movement for Democratic Alternation, democratic socialist, split from PAIGC, est.2018); PAIGC = Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (AfricanIndependence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde, democratic socialist, formerly Marxist-Leninist communist and state party 1974-1991, to 1980 pro-union with Cape Verde, est.19 Sep 1956); PMP = Partido do Manifesto do Povo (Manifest Party of the People, est.2003); PRID = Partido Republicano para a Independência e Desenvolvimento (Republican Party for Independence and Development, split from PAIGC, est.Mar 2008); PRS = Partido da Renovaçao Social (Party for Social Renewal, social-democratic, est.12 Jan 1992); Mil = Military;

- Former parties: MFA = Movimento das Forças Armadas (Movement of Armed Forces, organization of lower-ranked left-leaning military officers, 1973-1976)

c.1250 - ...               Part of Mali.
13..                       Malinke (Mandinka) begin to rule at N'Gabu (or Gabú).
1546                       Autonomy from Mali.
1867                       Fulani rulers replace the Malinke.
1903?                      Suppressed by Portugal.

Rulers
c.1850                     Siibo
18.. - 1867                Mansa Janke Waali
1867 - 1881                Alfa Molo (Molo Egue)
1881 - 1883                Bakari Demba
1883 - 1903?               Alfa Musa Molo