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Cape Verde
 
[Portugal]
                  to 5 Jul 1975 
 
[Cape Verde 1967 Portuguese colonial flag proposal]
          1967 (proposed colonial flag) 
 
[Cape Verde 1972-1992 flag]
              5 Jul 1975 - 22 Sep 1992
 
[Flag of Cape Verde]
                 Adopted 22 Sep 1992
 
Map of Cape Verde
Hear National Anthem
"Cântico da Liberdade"
(Song of Freedom)
Text of National Anthem
Adopted 1996
(1975-96 same as Guinea-Bissau)
Constitution
(25 Sep 1992)
Capital: Praia
(1769-1974 Villa de Praia;
1462-1769 Cidade de Ribeira)
Currency: Cape Verdean
 Escudo (CVE) 
National Holiday: 5 Jul (1975)
Independence Day
 Population: 426,998 (2008)
GDP: $1.63 billion (2008)
Exports: $102 million (2008)
Imports: $887 million (2008)
Ethnic groups: Cape Verdian mestico 69.6%, Fulani 12.2%, Balanta
10%, Mandyako 4.6%, Portuguese white 2%, other 1.6% (2000)
Total Active Armed Forces: 1,200 (2006)
Merchant marine: 8 ships (2008)
 Religions: Roman Catholic 88.1%, Protestant  (mostly
Church of the Nazarene) 3.3%, other Christian 3.7%,
Muslim 2.8%, other 2.1% (2000)
International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfDB, APM, AU, BTWC, CPLP, CTBT, ECOWAS, ENMOD, FAO, G-77, IAEA (applicant), IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory),  ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISA, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, LU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Cape Verde
Chronology
1456                       Discovered by Portuguese Capt. Luigi da Cadamosto
                             and claimed for Portugal.
22 Jan 1462                First Portuguese settlements (Ribeira Grande, São
                             Antão, São Vincente, São Tiago, São Nicolau,
                             Maio, Bôa Vista, Sal, Fogo, and Brava).
1495                       Separate crown colonies (donátarias) known
                             as Dominion of Cape Verde.
15 Jul 1580 -  1 Dec 1640  Islands along with Portugal a Spanish possession.
1587                       Cape Verde Islands a united colony.
1879                       Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau) made a separate
                             colony.
11 Jun 1951                Portuguese overseas province.
19 Dec 1974                Autonomous (Republic of Cape Verde).
 5 Jul 1975                Independence from Portugal.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Secretaries-general of the African Independence Party of 
Guinea (-Bissau) and Cape Verde (PAIGC) 
1963 - 20 Jan 1973         Amílcar Lopes Cabral               (b. 1924 - d. 1973)
22 Jul 1973 - 1980         Aristides Maria Pereira            (b. 1923) 
Secretary of the African Party of Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV)
1980 - 22 Mar 1991         Aristides Maria Pereira            (s.a.) 
                           (one-party rule renounced 17 Feb 1990)

Captains of Santiago (later Northern Santiago)
29 Jan 1462 - 1473         Diogo Afonso                       (d. 1473)
1473                       João Afonso                        (d. 1473)
1473 - 1505                Rodrigo Afonso 
Captains of Ribeira Grande (later Southern Santiago)
19 Sep 1462 - 1496         Antonio de Noli                    (d. 1496) 
 8 Apr 1497 - ....         Branca de Aguiar (f)
1508 - 15..                Sebastião Alvares de Landim 
1515 - 151.                Fernão Mendes 
1517 - 15..                joão Alemão 
16 Aug 1536 - 15..         João Correia de Souza 
1544 - 15..                Antonio Correia de Souza 
1559 - 15..                Manuel de Andrade 
22 Dec 1562 - ....         Constantino de Bragança            (d. 1602)
Captains of Boa Vista (also of Santiago since 1497)
 29 Oct 1497 -  3 Jan 1505  Rodrigo Afonso 
 3 Jan 1505 - 15..         Pero Correia 
15.. - 1542                Antonio Correia 
1542 - 15..                Maria Correia (f)
Captains of Alcatrazes
1484 - ....                João de Santarem 
1504 - 150.                Afonso Ribeiro 
1508 - 15..                Rodrigi Varela 
Captains of Praia
1526 - 1527                André Rodrigues dos Mosquitos 
1527 - 15..                Gomes Balieiro 
21 Jan 1570 - ....         Manuel Correia
Captains of Fogo
1528                       João de Meneses Vasconcellos, 
                             conde de Penela 
20 Apr 1528 - 15..         Afonso de Meneses, conde de Penela 
Captains of Sal, Santa Luzia and Brava Islands
22 Oct 1542 - 15..         Luis Pereira 
12 Jan 1553 - 15..         Martinho Pereira 
Captain of Santo Antão 
13 Jan 1548 - 15..         Gonçalo de Sousa 
Corregedor/Magistrates of the Islands of Cape Verde
1481 - ....                Pero Lourenço 
.... - 1517                Pero de Guimaraes 
1517 - 1521                João Alemão
1521 - 1527                Leonis Correia 
28 Aug 1527 - 1534         Gaspar Correia
1534 - 1536                Estevão de Lagos 
1536 - 1541                André Feio 
1539 - 1541                Simão Afonso 
1541 - 1544                Pero Moniz 
1544 - 1547                Antonio Ferreira 
 1 Oct 1547 - 1550         Pero de Araujo 
1550 - 1556                Jorge Pimentel 
1556 - 1559                Manuel de Andrade
27 Feb 1559 - 1560         Luís Martins de Evangelho
1560 - 1562                Gregorio Martins Caminha 
1562 - 1571                Bernardo de Alpoim 
1571 - 1577                António Velho Tinoco               (b. c.1540 - d. ....)
1577 - 1579                Cristovão Soares de Melo
1579 - 1584                Diogo Dias Magro
1584 - 1588                Gaspar de Andrade 
1588                       Amador Gomes Raposo 
Governors of Cape Verde
 7 Aug 1587 - 1591         Duarte Lôbo da Gama
23 Mar 1591 - 1595         Brás Soares de Melo
18 May 1596 - 1603         Francisco Lôbo da Gama
12 Jan 1603 - 1606         Fernão de Mesquita de Brito
12 Jan 1606 - 1611         Francisco Correia da Silva
1611 - 1614                Francisco Martins de Sequeira
Jun 1614 - 1618            Nicolau de Castilho
1618 - 1622                Francisco de Moura
 3 Apr 1622 - 12 Sep 1622  Francisco de Moura Roulim          (b. 1580 - d. 1622)
1622 -  8 Mar 1624         Manuel Afonso de Guerra, bispo     (d. 1624)
                             (acting)
10 Apr 1624 - 1628         Francisco Vasconcelos da Cunha
1628 - 1632                João Pereira de Corte-Real
1632 - 1636                Frei Cristóvão de Cabral
1636 - 1639                Jorge de Castilho
1639 - 1640                Jerónimo Cavalcanti de
                             Albuquerque
Dec 1640 - 1645            João Serrão da Cunha               (d. 1645)
1645 -  1 Nov 1646         Lourenço Garro, bispo              (b. c.1565 - d. 1646)
1646 - 1648                Council of Government
1648                       Roque de Barros Rêgo ?             (d. 1649)
1648 - 1649                Chamber Senate
12 Jun 1649 -  9 Oct 1650  Gonçalo de Gambôa Ayala
16 Oct 1650 - 1651         Pedro Semedo Cardoso (acting)
24 Dec 1651 - 1653         Jorge de Castilho
                             (or de Mesquita Castello Branco)
21 Apr 1653 - 1658         Pedro Ferraz Barreto
31 Jul 1658 - 1663         Francisco de Figueroa
16 May 1663 - 1667         António Galvão
21 May 1667 - 1671         Manuel da Costa Pessôa             (b. c.1622 - d. 1686)
                             (1st time)
15 May 1671 - 1676         Manuel Pacheco de Melo
30 Jun 1676 - 20 Aug 1676  João Cardoso Pássaro               (d. 1676)
1676 - 1678                Council of Government
Apr 1678 - 1683            Manuel da Costa Pessôa             (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1683 - 1687                Inácio de França Barbosa
20 May 1687 - 24 Apr 1688  Veríssimo Carvalho da Costa
24 Apr 1688 - 1690         Victoriano da Costa, bispo (acting)
1690 - 16 Sep 1690         Diogo Ramires Esquivel             (d. 1690)
1690 - 1692                Council of Government
1692 - 1696                Manuel António Pinheiro da 
                             Câmara
1696 -  7 Jun 1696         António Gomes Mena
1696 - 1698                Council of Government
 4 Nov 1698 - 1702         António Salgado
10 Feb 1702 - 1702         Jorge Cotrim de Mello
                             (did not take office)
12 Apr 1702 - 1707         Gonçalo de Lemos Mascarenhas
27 Oct 1707 - 1710         Rodrigo de Oliveira da Fonseca
19 Aug 1711 - 1715         José Pinheiro da Câmara
20 Apr 1715 - 20 Jun 1715  Manuel Pereira Calheiros e Araújo  (d. 1715)
 6 Apr 1716 - 1719         Serafim Teixeira Sarmento de Sá    (b. 1672 - d. 17..)
 9 Apr 1719 - 1720         Baltazar de Sousa Coutinho
                             (did not take office)
28 Sep 1720 -  4 Jan 1725  António Vieira                     (d. 1725)
24 Jan 1726 - 1728         Francisco Miguel da Nóbrega
                             Vasconcellos
23 Dec 1728 - 30 Apr 1733  Francisco de Oliveira Grans
Mar 1733 - 1734            José da Costa Ribeiro
                           + Mateus Moniz da Silva
                           + Francisco Corrêa Rebello
                           (acting)
23 Mar 1734 - 1737         Bento Gomes Coelho
 1 May 1736 - 28 Feb 1738  José da Fonseca Barbosa            (d. 1738)
1738 - 1741                Chamber Senate 
                           + José da Costa Ribeiro
10 Jun 1741 - 1751         João Zuzarte de Santa Maria
12 Apr 1751 - 1751         António José d'Eça e Faria         (d. 1751)
1751 - 1753                ....
24 Jun 1753 - 1756         Luís António da Cunha d'Eça
1756 - 1761                Manuel António de Sousa e Meneses
 5 Mar 1761 - 1761/3       Marcelino Pereira de Ávila         (d. 1763)
1761/3 - Feb 1764          António de Barros Bezerra
                           + José Romão da Silva
                           (acting)
19 Feb 1764 - 1766         Bartolomeu de Sousa de Brito Tigre
27 Dec 1766 -  4 May 1767  João Jácome Sanches Baena
                             Henriques                        (d. 1767)
1767 - 1769                ....
13 Dec 1769 - 1777         Joaquim Salema Saldanha Lôbo       (d. 1777)
21 May 1777 - 1781         António do Vale de Sousa e Meneses
19 Feb 1781 - 19 Mar 1782  Duarte de Melo da Silva Castro de
                             Almeida
1782 - 1783                Francisco de São Simão, bispo      (d. 1783)
                             (acting)
1783 - 1784                Government Junta
23 Aug 1784 - 1789         António Machado de Faria e Maia
                             (arrived 30 Mar 1785)
 2 Apr 1789 - 1793         Francisco José Teixeira Carneiro
27 Sep 1793 - 10 Sep 1795  José da Silva Maldonado d'Eça      (d. 1795)
Sep 1795 - Jun 1796        Francisco da Silva Pereira
Jun 1796 - 1796            José dos Reis Borges
                           + João Freire de Andrade
 3 Aug 1796 - 29 Nov 1802  Marcelino António Bastos           (d. 1802)
29 Nov 1802 - 1803         Council of Government
                           - Manuel Cruz Monteiro
                           - José Coelho?
                           - Joaquim Nazario da Fonseca Borges
12 May 1803 - 1818         António Coutinho de Lencastre      (b. 1768 - d. 18..) 
 6 Feb 1818 - Mar 1821     António Pussich                    (b. 1760 - d. 18..)
 5 May 1821 - Jan 1823     Junta
                           - Joaquim Silva da Fonseca
                              (chairman)
                           - Manuel Silva da Fonseca
                           - José Cardoso de Almeida Amado
                           - Manuel Alexandre de Meneses
                               Vasconcellos
                           - Antonio José ....
23 May 1821 - 1822         Luis Ignacio Xavier Palmeirim
                             (appointed but not take office?)
 9 May 1822 - 1826         João da Matta Chapuzet
                             (arrived 16 Jan 1823)
 7 Sep 1826 - 1830         Caetano Procopio Godinho de        (b. 1774 - d. 18..) 
                             Vasconcellos e Sá 
25 Aug 1830 - 1831         Duarte da Costa e Sousa de Macedo  (b. 1793 - d. 18..)
1831 - 1834                José Coutinho de Lancastre 
1834 - 1835                Manuel António Martins             (d. 1835)
1835 - 1836                Joaquim Pereira Marinho (1st time)
1836 - 1837                Domingos Corrêia Arouca            (b. 1796 - d. 1861)
1837 - 1839                Joaquim Pereira Marinho (2nd time)
1839 - 1842                João Fontes Pereira de Melo        (b. 1780 - d. 1856)
                             (1st time)
 5 Apr 1842 - 1845         Francisco de Paula Bastos
26 Jun 1845 - 1847         José Miguel de Noronha
28 Jul 1847 - 1851         João Fontes Pereira de Melo        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) 
25 Jun 1851 - 1854         Fortunato José Barreiros           (b. 1797 - d. 1885)
 6 Apr 1854 - 1857         António Maria Barreiros Arrobas    (b. 1824 - d. 1888)
25 Nov 1857 - 1860         Sebastião Lopes de Calheiros e     (b. 1816 - d. 1899)
                             Meneses
1860                       Januário Correia de Almeida        (b. 1829 - d. 1901)
 6 Sep 1860 - 1864         Carlos Joaquim Franco
1864 - 1869                José Guedes de Carvalho da Costa   (b. 1814 - d. 1879)
                             Meneses
11 Feb 1869 - 1876         Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e     (b. 1824 - d. 1916) 
                             Albuquerque
1877                       G.C. Lopes de Macedo
1878                       Vasco Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses (b. 1824 - d. 1905)
1879 - 1881                António de Nascimento Pereira de 
                             Sampaio
1882 - 1886                João Paes de Vasconcellos          (b. 1839 - d. 1895)
1887 - 1889                João Cesário de Lacerda (1st time)
1890                       Augusto Cesário Carlos de Carvalho
1891 - 1896                José Guedes Brandão de Melo        (b. 1854 - d. 1919)
1896 - 1897                Alexandre Alberto da Rocha de      (b. 1846 - d. 1900)
                             Serpa Pinto
1898 - 1900                João Cesário de Lacerda (2nd time)
1901 - 1902                Arnoldo de Novais Guedes Rebelo    (b. 1847 - d. 1917)
1902 - 1903                Francisco de Paula Cid
1903 - 1904                António Alfredo Barjona de Freitas (b. 1860 - d. 1923)
1905 - 1907                Amâncio Alpoim Cerqueira Borges    (b. c.1860 - d. 1912)
                             Cabral
1907 - 1909                Bernardo António da Costa de Sousa (b. 1863 - d. 1947)
                             de Macedo 
1909 - 1910                Martinho Pinto de Queirós          (b. 1847 - d. 1919)
                             Montenegro
1910 - 1911                António de Abreu de Macedo         (b. 1876 - d. 1963)
                             Ramalho Ortigão
1911                       Artur Marinha de Campos
1911 - 1915                Joaquím Pedro Vieira Judice Biker  (b. 1867 - d. 1926)
1915 - 1918                Abel Fontoura da Costa             (b. 1896 - d. 1940)
1918 - 1919                Teófilo Duarte                     (b. 1898 - d. 1958)
1919 - 1921                Manuel Firmino de Almeida Maia     (b. 1881 - d. 1932)
                             Magalhães
1921 - 1922                Filipe Carlos Días de Carvalho     (b. 1868 - d. 1934)
1922 - 1924                .... (acting)
1924 - 1926                Julio Henríques d'Abreu
1927                       João de Almeida                    (b. 1873 - d. 1953)
1927 - 1931                António Álvares Guedes Vaz         (b. 1875 - d. 19..)
1931 - 1941                Amadeu Gomes de Figueiredo
1941 - 1943                José Diogo Ferreira Martins
1943 - 1949                João de Figueiredo
1950 - 1953                Carlos Alberto García Alves
                             Roçadas
1953 - 1957                Manuel Marques de Abrantes Amaral
1957 - 1958                António Augusto Peixoto Correia    (b. 1913)
                             (acting)
1958 - 1962                Silvino Silvério Marques           (b. 1918)
1963 - 1969                Leão Maria Tavares Rosado do       (b. 1920 - d. 2006) 
                             Sacramento Monteiro
13 Mar 1969 - 1974         António Adriano Faria Lopes dos    (b. 1919 - d. 2009)
                             Santos                      
 6 Aug 1974 - 21 Sep 1974  Henrique Afonso da Silva Horta     (b. 1920)
21 Sep 1974 - 30 Dec 1974  Vicente Manuel de Moura Coutinho
                             de Almeida d'Eça                 (b. 1918)
High Commissioner
30 Dec 1974 -  5 Jul 1975  Vicente Manuel de Moura Coutinho   (s.a.)
                             de Almeida d'Eça
Presidents
 8 Jul 1975 - 22 Mar 1991  Aristides Maria Pereira            (s.a.)         PAIGC;1980 PAICV
22 Mar 1991 - 22 Mar 2001  António Manuel Mascarenhas Gomes   (b. 1944)            MPD
                             Monteiro
22 Mar 2001 -              Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires       (b. 1934)            PAICV


Transitional government
31 Dec 1974 -  5 Jul 1975  Vicente Manuel de Moura Coutinho
                             de Almeida d'Eça                 (s.a.)
                           - Manuel Vaz Barroco                                    Mil
                           - Vasco Wilton Pereira                                  Mil
                           - Carlos Reis
                           - Amaro Alexandre da Luz
                           - Manuel Faustino                                       PAIGC
Prime ministers
 8 Jul 1975 -  4 Apr 1991  Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires       (s.a.)         PAIGC;1980 PAICV
 4 Apr 1991 -  5 Oct 2000  Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho  (b. 1949)            MPD
                             Veiga 
29 Jul 2000 -  1 Feb 2001  António Gualberto do Rosário       (b. 1950)            MPD
                             (acting for Veiga to 5 Oct 2000) 
 1 Feb 2001 -              José Maria Pereira Neves           (b. 1960)            PAICV


Party abbreviations: MPD = Movimento para Democracia (Movement for Democracy, centrist);
PAICV = Partido Africano da Independência de Cabo Verde (African Party of Independence of Cape Verde, socialist, only legal party 1980-1990);
- Former parties: PAIGC = Partido Africano da Independência de Guiné e Cabo Verde (African Independence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde, marxist, to 1980 pro-union with Cape Verde; from 1980 Cape Verde branch known as PAICV, only legal party 1975-80) 





©2000  Ben Cahoon