Timor-Leste (East Timor)
 

to 28 Nov 1975               1967 Proposed colonial flag         9 Apr 1961 - Apr 1961 (in rebellion)               28 Nov 1975 - 7 Dec 1975;      25 Oct 1999 - 19 May 2002 unofficial               7 Dec 1975 - 19 Oct 1999          Timor Timur Province flag to 1999                25 Oct 1999 - 19 May 2002                        Adopted 20 May 2002 Map of East Timor Hear National Anthem  "Pátria" (Fatherland) Text of National Anthem  28 Nov - 7  Dec 1975, Re-adopted 20 May 2002 Constitution (22 Mar 2002) Capital: Dili (Lifau 1653-10 Oct 1769; Cupão 1646-1653; Larantuca 1613-1646; Solor 1571-1613) Currency: US Dollar (USD) National Holiday: 28 Nov (1975) Independence Day Population: 1,108,777 (2008) GDP: $2.71 billion (2008) Exports: $10 million (2005) Imports: $202 million (2004) Ethnic groups: East Timorese 80%, other (mainly Malayo- Polynesian, Indonesian, and West Timorese) 20%, small Chinese minority (1999) Total Armed Forces: 1,332 (2010) ISF Force: 475 (2010) Merchant marine: 1 ship (2008) Religions: Roman Catholic 98%, Muslim 1%, Protestant 1% (2005) International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, ADB, AOSIS, APM, ARF, ASEAN (observer), CPLP, CTBT (signatory), CWC, ESCR, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA (signatory), ISA, ITU, KP, LU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, OPCW, PIF (special observer), UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WMO East Timor Chronology 18 Aug 1515                Arrival of the first Portuguese traders. 25 Jan 1522                Timor visited by ship of Spanish Capt. Ferdinand                               Magellan's fleet. 1533                       First Portuguese settlements. 1571                       Portuguese settlement on Solor Island. 18 Apr 1613 - 1615         Solor Island occupied by the Dutch. 1618 - 1629                Solor occupied by the Dutch. 1636                       Solor annexed by the Dutch. 1642                       Portuguese colony (Portuguese Timor), subordinated                              to Portuguese India (see Goa). Apr 1652                   Dutch seize Cupão (Kupang) which is renamed                              Fort Concordia.  6 Aug 1661                Portugal and Netherlands formally divide Timor                              between them into Dutch West Timor (part of                               Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia) and                              Portuguese East Timor. 1811 - 1816                British occupy Dutch Timor. 20 Sep 1844 - 30 Oct 1850  Subordinated to Macau. 30 Oct 1850 - 15 Sep 1851  Separate colony. 15 Sep 1851 - 23 Sep 1856  Subordinated to Macau. 23 Sep 1856 - 17 Sep 1863  Subordinated to Portuguese India. 20 Apr 1859                Netherlands and Portugal agree on border                               delimitation. Portugal cedes calims to islands                              of Flores, Solor, Pantar and Alor and                               recognize Dutch claim to Maucatar enclave (to                              Portugal in 1904); Dutch cede Maubara to the                              Portuguese and recognize Portuguese claims to                              Oecussi and Noimuti (to Dutch in 1904) enclaves. 17 Sep 1863 - 26 Nov 1866  Separate overseas province. 26 Nov 1866 - 15 Oct 1896  Subordinated to Macau.  1895 - 1912                Revolt led by Dom Boaventura ruler of Manufai. 15 Oct 1896                Separate colony (including the enclave of Ocussi                              Ambeno). 25 Jun 1914                Final international arbitration of enclave and                              boundary disputes.  17 Dec 1941 - 20 Feb 1942  Occupied by Australian and Dutch forces. 20 Feb 1942 - 11 Sep 1945  Occupied by Japan. 11 Jun 1951                Status changed from colony to overseas province.  9 Apr 1961 - Apr 1961     United Republic of Timor proclaimed in Batugad,                              sponsored by Indonesia. 28 Nov 1975                Unilateral declaration of independence                              (Democratic Republic of East Timor).  7 Dec 1975                Occupied by Indonesia (from 17 Dec 1975, renamed                              East Timor). 17 Jul 1976                Annexed by Indonesia (Timor Timur province).                             (not recognized by Portugal; remained recognized                              by United Nations as Portuguese territory). 30 Aug 1999                Referendum votes for independence 78%. 19 Oct 1999                Annexation rescinded by Indonesia. 20 Sep 1999 - 19 May 2002  International administration (from 28 Feb 2000,                              under United Nations administration; UN                               Transitional Admin. in East Timor [UNTAET]). 20 May 2002                Independence (Democratic Republic of East Timor)                             (Portuguese name Timor-Leste often left                               untranslated).

Captains
1571 - 15..                Aires de Saldanha
1586 – 1590                António Viegas
1591                       Gaspar da Silva 
1595 – 1600                António de Andria       
1601 – 1603                Jerônimo Correia da Silva   
1604 - 1605                Sebastião Pinheiro de Abreu
1605                       João André Feio
1611 – 1613                Manuel Alvares 
1617 - 1618                Agostinho Lobato de Abreu 
1618 - 1619                António de Sá
1619                       Gonçalo Proença
1629                       Nuno Álvares Botelho
1632                       Francisco Pereira da Cunha 
1632 – 1634                Estácio Pereira 
1634 – 1642                Francisco Fernandes
1642 – 1645                António Carneiro de Sequeira  
1646 – 1647                João Calaça Tenreiro
1647 - 1649                António de São Jacinto
                             (in Cupão)
1649 - 1652                Francisco Carneiro de Sequeira  
                             (in Cupão)
1652 - 1665                Simão Luís                         (d. 1665)
Captains-major
1665                       Simão Luís                         (s.a.) 
1666 - 1669                António da Hornay (1st time)(acting)
1669 - 1670                Fernão Martins da Ponte (acting)
1671 - 1673                Mateus da Costa (acting)           (d. 1673)
1673                       Manuel da Costa Vieira (acting)
1673 - 1693                António da Hornay (2nd time)(acting)
1680                       João Antunes Portugal
                             (refused by locals)
1693 - 1694                António de Madre de Deus (acting)
1694 - 1696                Francisco da Hornay
1696 - 1697                António de Mesquita Pimentel
1697                       André Coelho Vieira
                             (did not take office)
1697 - 1702                Domingos da Costa (acting)
Governors
20 Feb 1702 - 1704         António Coelho Guerreiro 
1704 - 1705                Pascoal de Mesquita Pimetal (acting)
1705                       Manuel de Santo António (acting)   (d. 1734)
1705 - 1706                Lourenço Lopes (interim) 
1706 - 1708                Manuel Guerreiro de Almeida (acting)
1708 - 1710                Jácome de Morais Sarmento  
1710 - 1714                Manuel de Souto-Maior
1714 - 1715                Manuel Ferreira de Almeida
1715 - 1718                Domingos da Costa (interim)
1718 - 1719                Francisco de Melo e Castro
                             (abandoned post)
1719 - 1722                Frei Manuel de Santo António
                             (acting)
1722 - 1725                António de Albuquerque de Coelho   (b. 1682 - d. 1745)
1725 - 1729                António Moniz de Macedo (1st time)
1729 - 1731                Pedro de Mello
1731 - 1734                Pedro de Rego Barreto da Gama 
                             e Castro
1734 - 1737                António Moniz de Macedo (2nd time)
1737 - 1739                Governing Junta  
                           - João Hornay
                           - Frei Jacinto da Conceicão        (d. 1762)
                             (1st time)  
                           (acting)
1739 - 1741                Manuel Doutel de Figueiredo
                             Sarmento (1st time)
1741                       Manuel Leoniz de Castro
1741 - 1742                Frei Geraldo de São José
1742 - 1746                Francisco Xavier Doutel
1746 - 1750                Manuel Correia de Lacerda          (b. 1679 - d. 1751)
1750 - 1751                Governing Junta  
                           - Frei Jacinto da Conceicão        (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)  
                           - João Hornay
                           (acting)
1751 - 1759                Manuel Doutel de Figueiredo
                             Sarmento (2nd time)
1759 - 1760                Padre Sebastião de Azevedo e Brito
1760 - 1762                Governing Junta  
                           - Frei Jacinto da Conceicão        (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
                           - Vicente Ferreira de Carvalho
                           - José, régulo de Alas             (d. 1762)     
                           (acting)
1762 - 1763                Frei Francisco da Purificacao
                           + Francisco Hornay
                           (acting)
1763 - 1765                Dionísio Gonçalves Galvão e Rebelo (d. 1765)
1765 - 1768                Governing Junta  
                           - Frei António de São Boaventura
                           - João Rodrigues Pereira
                           (acting)
1768 - 1776                António José Teles de Meneses
1776 - 1779                Caetano de Lemos Teles de Meneses  (b. 1739 - d. 1795)
1779 - 1782                Lourenço de Brito Correia
1782 - 1785                José Anselmo de Almeida Soares
1785 - 1788                João Baptista Vieira Godinho       (b. 1742 - d. 1811)
1788 - 1790                Feliciano António Nogueira Lisboa
1790 - 1795                Joaquim Xavier de Morais Sarmento
1795 - 1800                João Baptista Vesquaim
1800 - 1804                José Joaquim de Sousa Veiga
1804 – 14 Apr 1807         João Vicente Soares da Veiga       (b. 1769 - d. 18..)
14 Apr 1807 – 14 Apr 1810  António de Mendonça Côrte-Real     (b. c.1755 - d. 18..)
14 Apr 1810 – 1810         António Botelho Homem Bernardes    (b. 1749 - d. 18..)
                             Pessoa (acting)
1810 –  7 Mar 1812         Governing Junta  
                           - Joaquim António Duarte da Silva  (b. c.1740 - d. 18..)
                               Veloso
                           - Frei José da Anunciação          (d. 1818)
                           - Gregório Rodrigues Pereira
                           (acting)
 7 Mar 1812 – 22 May 1815  Vitorino Freire da Cunha Gusmão
22 May 1815 - 1819         José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo
                             e Sousa                          (d. 1819)
1819 – 13 Mar 1821         Governing Junta  
                           - Gregório Rodrigues Pereira
                           - Frei Bartolomeu Pereira
                           - António Caetano Dinis
                           (acting)
13 Mar 1821 - 1832         Manuel Joaquim de Matos e Góis     (b. c.1781 - d. 1832)
1832 – 16 Apr 1832         Governing Junta  
                           - Francisco Inácio de Seabra
                           - Frei Vicente Ferreira Varela  
                           - José Pereira de Azevedo    
                           (acting)
16 Apr 1832 - 1832         Miguel Carlos da Cunha da Silveira (d. 1832)
                             e Lorena
1832 –  3 Jun 1834         Governing Junta
                           - Francisco Inácio de Seabra 
                           - Frei Vicente Ferreira Varela
                           - José Pereira de Azevedo   
                           (acting)
 3 Jun 1834 – 22 Jan 1839  José Maria Marques
22 Jan 1839 –  7 Feb 1844  Frederico Leão Cabreira de Brito   (b. 1800 - d. 1880)
                             Alvelos Drago Valente
 7 Feb 1844 – 22 Aug 1848  Julião José da Silva Vieira        (b. 1893 - d. 1855)
22 Aug 1848 - 1850         António Olavo Monteiro Tôrres      (d. 1850)
1850 – 23 Jun 1851         Governing Junta
                           - Gregorio Barreto
                           - António Pereira 
                           - Manuel Pereira da Costa
                           - Mariano F. Pias 
                           (acting)
23 Jun 1851 –  8 Sep 1852  José Joaquim Lopes de Lima         (b. c.1797 - d. 1852)
 8 Sep 1852 - 1856         Manuel de Saldanha da Gama
1856 –  8 Sep 1858         Luís Augusto de Almeida Macedo
 8 Sep 1858 – 1861         Afonso de Castro (1st time)        (b. 1824 - d. 1885)
1861 – 1862                Duarte Leão Cabreira               (b. 1811 - d. 1881)
1862 – 11 Apr 1863         Afonso de Castro (2nd time)        (s.a.)
11 Apr 1863 - 1864         José Manuel Pereira de Almeida
1864 - 1865                José Eduardo da Costa Meneses
1865                       Government Council  
1865 - 1869                Francisco Teixeira da Silva        (b. 1826 - d. 1894)
1869 - 1870                António Joaquim Garcia             (b. 1835 - d. 1919)
1870                       Pedro Carlos de Aguiar Craveiro    (b. 1834 - d. ....) 
                             Lopes (did not take office)
1870 – 1871                João Clímaco de Carvalho (interim)
1871 – 30 Aug 1873         Manuel de Castro Sampaio 
30 Aug 1873 –  1 Nov 1876  Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo    (b. c.1830 - d. 18..) 
                             Branco (1st time)
 1 Nov 1876 – 1878         Joaquim António da Silva Ferrão
1878 –  3 Jul 1878         José Alves da Costa
 3 Jul 1878 –  1 Oct 1880  Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo    (s.a.)
                             Branco (2nd time)
 1 Oct 1880 – 31 Dec 1881  Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho  (b. 1836 - d. 1905)
31 Dec 1881 – 1882         José dos Santos Vaquinas
1882 - 1883                Bento da França Pinto de Oliveira  (b. 1833 - d. 1889)
1883                       Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa 
                             (1st time)
1883                       Francisco de Paula da Luz 
1883 - 1885                João Maria Pereira
1885                       Cipriano Forjaz (1st time)(interim)
1885 -  3 Mar 1887         Alfredo de Lacerda Maia            (b. 1850 - d. 1887)
1887                       António Joaquim Garcia (interim) 
1887                       Adriano Augusto de Barros e Rego   (b. 1877 - d. 1966) 
                             (interim)
1887 - 1888                António Francisco da Costa
1888 - 1889                Raphael Jácome Lopes de Andrade    (b. 1851 - d. 1900)
1889 - 1890                Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa 
                             (2nd time)
1890 - 1894                Cipriano Forjaz (2nd time)(interim)
1894                       Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa 
                             (3rd time)
1894 - 1908                José Celestino da Silva            (b. 1849 - d. 1911)
1895 - 1912                Boaventura of Manufai
                             (in rebellion)
1908                       Jaime Augusto Vieira da Rocha      (b. c.1880 - d. 19..)
                             (acting)
1908 - 1909                Eduardo Augusto Marques            (b. 1867 - d. 1944)
1909 - 1910                Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro  (b. 1868 - d. 1952)
                             (1st time)
1910 - 30 Nov 1910         Alfredo Cardoso Soveral Martins
1910                       Anselmo Augusto Coelho de Carvalho
                             (interim)
1910 - 1911                José Carrazedo de Sousa das
                             Viana e Andrade (interim)
1911 - 1913                Filomeno da Cámara Melo Cabral     (b. 1873 - d. 1934)
                             (1st time)
1913 - 1914                Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro  (s.a.)
                             (2nd time) (interim)
1914 - 1917                Filomeno da Câmara Melo Cabral     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1917                       José Machado Duarte Júnior (interim)
1917                       César Augusto da Rocha Abreu
                             (interim)
1917 - 1919                Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco
                             (1st time)(interim)
1919 – 1919                Manuel José de Meneses Fernandes
                             Costa (1st time)(interim)     
1919 - 1920                Manuel Paulo de Sousa Gentil       (b. 1870 - d. 1937)
1920 - 1921                Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco
                             (2nd time)(interim)
1921                       José de Paiva Gomes (1st time)
1921                       Manuel José de Meneses Fernandes
                             Costa (2nd time)(interim)     
1921                       Humberto José dos Santos Leitão
                             (1st time)(interim)
1921 - 1923                José de Paiva Gomes (2nd time)
1923 - 1924                Humberto José dos Santos Leitão
                             (2nd time)(interim)
1924 – Jul 1926            Raimundo Enes Meira                (b. 1866 - d. 1937)
Jul 1926 – 30 Sep 1926     Eduardo Rodrigues Areosa Feio      (b. 1887 - d. 19..)
                             (president of Governing Council) 
30 Sep 1926 - 1928         Teófilo Duarte                     (b. 1898 - d. 1958)
1928 – 1929                Abel Teixeira da Costa Tavares
                             (1st time)(acting)   
1929 - 1930                Cesário Augusto de Almeida Viana
1930                       Abel Teixeira da Costa Tavares
                             (2nd time)(acting)
1930 - 1933                Antonio Baptista Justo
1933                       Miguel Xavier dos Mártires Dias
1933 – 1934                José Luís Fontoura de Sequeira     (b. c.1905)
                             (acting)
1934 - 1936                Raúl d'Antas Manso Preto Mendes    (b. 1893 - d. 1944)
                             Cruz
1936 – 1937                Eduardo Bernardo Lápido Loureiro
                             (acting)
1937 - 1940                Álvaro Eugénio Neves de Fontoura   (b. 1891 - d. 1975)
1940                       António Jacinto Magro (interim)
1940 -  8 Dec 1945         Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de        (b. 1893 - d. af.1956)
                             Carvalho 
                            (considered himself a prisoner during allied rule
                             Dec 1941-Feb 1942; confined by Japanese Feb 1942-1945)
Allied Commanders
17 Dec 1941 - 20 Feb 1942  William Watt Leggatt               (b. 1894 - d. 1968) 
                             (commander of Australian forces)
17 Dec 1941 - 20 Feb 1942  Nico Leonard Willem van Straten    (b. 1897 - d. 1968)
                             (commander of Dutch forces)
Japanese Commanders
20 Feb 1942 - Sep 1942     Sadashichi Doi                     (b. 1889 - d. 1960)
Sep 1942 - 22 Nov 1944     Yuitsu Tsuchihashi                 (b. 1891 - d. 1975)
22 Nov 1944 - 12 Sep 1945  Kunitaro Yamada
Governors
 8 Dec 1945 - 1950         Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas
1950                       António da Cunha Aragão (acting)
1950                       Arnaldo Dionísio Carneiro de Sousa
                             e Meneses
31 Dec 1950 - 14 Jul 1958  César Maria de Serpa Rosa          (b. 1899 - d. 1968)
14 Jul 1958 - 22 Jun 1959  Manuel Albuquerque Gonçalves de
                             Aguiar (acting)
22 Jun 1959 - Apr 1963     Filipe José Freire Temudo Barata   (b. 1918 - d. 2003)
 9 Apr 1961 - Apr 1961     Maoclão (in rebellion)
Apr 1963 - 1963            Francisco Antonio Pires Barata
                             (acting)    
1963 - 1968                José Alberty Correia
1968 - 1972                José Nogueira Valente Pires        (b. 1914 - d. 2010)
1972 - 15 Jul 1974         Fernando Alves Aldeia
15 Jul 1974 – 14 Nov 1974  Nívio Herdade (acting)
14 Nov 1974 - 27 Nov 1975  Mário Lemos Pires                  (b. 1930 - d. 2009) 
                             (from 11 Aug 1975, on Atauro Island)
Presidents (from 7 Dec 1975 in rebellion against Indonesian rule)
28 Nov 1975 - Sep 1978     Francisco Xavier do Amaral         (b. 1937 - d. 2012)  FRETILIN
Sep 1978 - 31 Dec 1978     Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (interim)  (b. 1952 - d. 1978)  FRETILIN
President of the Provisional Government
17 Dec 1975 - 17 Jul 1976  Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo            (b. 1913 - d. 1988)  APODETI
Governors
1976 - 1978                Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo            (s.a.) 
1978 - 1982                Guilherme Maria Gonçalves          (b. 1919 - d. 1999)
18 Sep 1982 - 18 Sep 1992  Mário Viegas Carrascalão           (b. 1937)
18 Sep 1992 - 25 Oct 1999  Abilio José Osório Soares          (b. 1947 - d. 2007)
UN Administrators
25 Oct 1999 - 16 Nov 1999  Ian Martin (U.K.) (acting)         (b. 1946)
17 Nov 1999 - 19 May 2002  Sérgio Vieira de Mello (Brazil)    (b. 1948 - d. 2003)
Presidents
20 May 2002 - 20 May 2007  Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão             (b. 1946)            Non-party
                             (José Alexandre Gusmão)
20 May 2007 - 20 May 2012  José Manuel Ramos-Horta            (b. 1949)            Non-party
11 Feb 2008 - 13 Feb 2008  Vicente da Silva Guterres          (b. 1955)            UDC/CNRT
                             (acting for incapacitated Ramos-Horta)
13 Feb 2008 - 17 Apr 2008  Fernando "La Sama" de Araújo       (b. 1963)            PD
                             (acting for incapacitated Ramos-Horta)
20 May 2012 -              Taur Matan Ruak                    (b. 1956)            Non-party
                             (Jose Maria Vasconcelos)      

Prime minister
28 Nov 1975 -  7 Dec 1975  Nicolau dos Reis Lobato            (s.a.)               FRETILIN
Chief minister
20 Sep 2001 - 20 May 2002  Mari Bim Amude Alkatiri            (b. 1949)            FRETILIN
Prime ministers
20 May 2002 - 26 Jun 2006  Mari Bim Amude Alkatiri            (s.a.)               FRETILIN
26 Jun 2006 - 19 May 2007  José Manuel Ramos-Horta            (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (acting as cabinet coordinator to 10 Jul 2006)
19 May 2007 -  8 Aug 2007  Estanislau da Conceição da Silva   (b. 1952)            FRETILIN
 8 Aug 2007 -              Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão             (s.a.)               CNRT

Democratic Republic of East Timor (in rebellion)

Presidents of National Council of Maubere Resistance (CNRM) 
 1 Jan 1988 - 27 Apr 1998  Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão             (s.a.)               Non-party
Presidents of National Council for Timorese Resistance (CNRT) 
27 Apr 1998 -  9 Jun 2001  Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão             (s.a.)               Non-party
                            (Indonesian prisoner 20 Nov 1992 - Feb 1999)
Nov 1992 -  7 Sep 1999     José Manuel Ramos-Horta            (s.a.)               Non-party
                            (special representative to 27 Apr 1998,
                             then vice-president)
                            (in Australia and U.S. exile to 1 Dec 1999)

Commanders-in-Chief of FALINTIL
20 Aug 1975 - 31 Dec 1978  Nicolau dos Reis Lobato            (s.a.)               FRETILIN
Mar 1981 - 20 Apr 1992     Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão             (s.a.)        FRETILIN/Non-party
                            (from 20 Nov 1992 Indonesian prisoner)
Nov 1992 - Apr 1993        Manecas Ma'Huno                                         Non-party
Apr 1993 - 11 Mar 1998     Nino Konis Santana                 (b. 1959 - d. 1998)  Non-party
11 Mar 1998 - 31 Jan 2001  Taur Matan Ruak                    (s.a.)               Non-party
                             (Jose Maria Vasconcelos)
 

Commander of International Force in East Timor (INTERFET)
20 Sep 1999 - 28 Feb 2000  Peter Cosgrave (Australia)         (b. 1947)
Commanders of United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)
28 Feb 2000 - Jul 2000     Jaime de los Santos (Philippines)  (b. 1946)
19 Jul 2000 - 31 Aug 2001  Boonsrang Niumpradit (Thailand)    (b. 1948)
 1 Sep 2001 - 20 May 2002  Winai Phattiyakul (Thailand)       (b. 1948)
Commanders UN Mission of Support to East Timor (UNMISET)
20 May 2002 - Aug 2002     Winai Phattiyakul (Thailand)       (s.a.)
Aug 2002 - Aug 2003        Huck Gim Tan (Singapore)           (b. 1955)
Aug 2003 - 20 May 2005     Khairuddin Mat Yusof (Malaysia)    (b. 1949)
Commanders of International Stabilisation Force in East Timor (ISF)
25 May 2006 - 26 Oct 2006  Michael "Mick" Slater (Australia)
26 Oct 2006 -  1 Aug 2007  Mal Rerden (Australia)             (b. 1958)
 1 Aug 2007 - 30 Jan 2008  John M.B. Hutcheson (Australia)    (b. 1963)
31 Jan 2008 - 30 Jul 2008  James Baker (Australia)
30 Jul 2008 - 16 Jan 2009  Mark Holmes (Australia)
16 Jan 2009 - 23 Oct 2009  W.T.B. "Bill" Sowry (Australia)
23 Oct 2009 - 25 Feb 2010  Stuart C. Mayer (Australia)
25 Feb 2010 -  9 Oct 2010  Simon Stuart (Australia)           (b. 1968)
 9 Oct 2010 - 27 Jun 2011  Michael "Mick" Reilly (Australia)
27 Jun 2011 -              Luke Foster (Australia)

 
 

FRETILIN flag

FALINTIL flag

CNRT flag

Territorial Disputes: Timor-Leste-Indonesia Boundary Committee has resolved all but a small portion of the land boundary, but discussions on maritime boundaries are stalemated over sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Pulau Batek/Fatu Sinai in the north and alignment with Australian claims in the south; many refugees who left Timor-Leste in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; Australia and Timor-Leste agreed in 2005 to defer the disputed portion of the boundary for 50 years and to split hydrocarbon revenues evenly outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty.

Party abbreviations: APODETI = Associação Para a Integração de Timor em Indonésia (Association for the Integration of Timor in Indonesia, pro-Indonesia); CNRT = Congresso Nacional da Reconstrução de Timor (National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, reformist, est.28 Mar 2007); FRETILIN = Frente Revolucionária do Timor Leste Independente (Revolutionary Front of  Independent East Timor, socialist, Timor nationalist); PD = Partido Democrático (Democratic Party); PDC = União Democrata-Cristão de Timor (Christian Democratic Union of Timor); UDT = União Democrática Timorense (Timorese Democratic Union); 

- Former parties: CNRT = Conselho Nacional para a de Resistência Timorese (National Council for Timorese Resistance, est. 1 Jan 1988 as a multi-party national platform of the Timorese resistance, 27 Apr 1998 it was replaced by the CNRT, which subsequently was disbanded on 9 Jun 2001); FALINTIL = Forças Armadas de Libertação Nacional de Timor Leste (Armed Forces of National Liberation of East Timor, est. 20 Aug 1975 as the military arm of the FRETILIN party. When CNRT was established in 1988, the FALINTIL was declared their non-partisan military branch. Disbanded on 1 Feb 2001 to become the core of the new East Timor National Defense force)

©2002  Ben Cahoon