Comoros 
 

24 Jun 1886 - 13 Jul 1963	13 Jul 1963 - 12 Nov 1975	12 Nov 1975 - 1 Oct 1978
1 Oct 1978 - 7 Jun 1992	7 Jun 1992 - 3 Oct 1996	3 Oct 1996 - 7 Jan 2002
Adopted 7 Jan 2002

Map of Comoros Hear National Anthem "Udzima wa ya Masiwa" (The Union of the Great Islands) Text of National Anthem Adopted 1978 Constitution (7 Jan 2002; in French) Capital: Moroni (Dzaoudzi 1887-1962; Chingoni 1841-1887) Currency: Comoran Franc (KMF)  National Holiday:  6 Jul (1975) Independence Day Population: 731,775 (2008) GDP: $741 billion (2008)  Exports: $32 million (2006) Imports: $143 million (2006) Ethnic groups: Comorian (a mixture of Bantu, Arab, Malay, and Malagasy peoples) 97.1%, Makoa 1.6%, French 0.4%, Arab 0.1%, other (Antalote, Cafre, Oimatsaha, Sakalava) 0.8% (2000) Total Active Armed Forces: 500 (2007) Merchant marine: 136 ships (2008) Religions: Muslim (mostly Sunni) 98.4%, other 1.6% (2005) International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, APM, AU, CEN-SAD, COMESA, CTBT (signatory), CWC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISESCO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, KP, NAM, NPT, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) Comoros Index Chronology 1503                       Comoros discovered by Portuguese explorers. 25 Mar 1841                France annexes Mayotte (ratified 13 Jun 1843)                              (Mayotte protectorate). 1852                       Andruna added to Mayotte protectorate. 1866                       Anjouan added to Mayotte protectorate. 1886                       Ruler of Bambao unifies the island of Ngazidja. 24 Jun 1886                Ngazidja (Grande Comore), Ndzuwani (Anjouan),                               and Mwali (Mohéli) become French protectorates.  5 Sep 1887                Renamed Protectorate of the Comoros.  9 Apr 1908                Comoros a dependent territory of Madagascar. 25 Jul 1912                Annexed by France; joined with Mayotte as Mayotte                               and dependencies, subordinated to Madagascar                              (ratified 23 Feb 1914). 23 Feb 1914                Comoros subordinated to Madagascar (Comoros                               dependent colony). 16 Jun 1940 - 1942         Administration loyal to Vichy France (from 1942,                              under Free French). 25 Sep 1942 - 13 Oct 1946  British occupation (see Madagascar). 27 Oct 1946                Comoros overseas territory of the France. 22 Dec 1961                Autonomy (State of Comoros).  6 Jul 1975                Independence (State of Comoros)(excluding Mayotte). 31 Dec 1975                France recognizes independence of the Comoros. 24 May 1978                Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros.  3 Aug 1997 - 14 Apr 2002  Secession of Anjouan (Ndzuwani)                              (not internationally recognized). 11 Aug 1997 - 1998         Secession of Mohéli (Mwali)(not internationally                               recognized). 23 Dec 2001                New constitution approved by referendum, creating                              the Union of Comoros. Grande Comore Bambao Itsandra Mitsamihuli Bajini Hambu Washili Hamahame Mbude Hamamvu Mbaku La Dombe Anjouan Moheli

Administrators
25 Mar 1841 -  5 Sep 1887  see under Mayotte
 5 Sep 1887 -  4 May 1888  Paul Louis Maxime Celoron de       (b. 1831 - d. 1889) 
                             Blainville
 4 May 1887 - 1893         Pierre Louis Clovis Papinaud
                             (1st time)
1893 - 30 Mar 1896         Étienne Théodore Lacascade         (b. 1841 - d. 1906) 
30 Mar 1896 -  5 Aug 1897  Auguste Pereton
 5 Aug 1897 -  7 Mar 1899  Alexandre Antoine Mizon            (b. 1853 - d. 1899)  
 7 Mar 1899 - 18 Sep 1900  Pierre Louis Clovis Papinaud       (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
Governors
18 Sep 1900 - 15 Oct 1902  Pierre Hubert Auguste Pascal 
15 Oct 1902 - 28 Feb 1905  Alfred Albert Martineau            (b. 1857 - d. 1941) 
28 Feb 1905 -  3 Mar 1906  Jean Auguste Gaston Joliet         (b. 1842 - d. bf.1912) 
 3 Mar 1906 -  8 Sep 1908  Fernand Foureau                    (b. 1850 - d. 1914) 
Administrators
 8 Sep 1908 -  1 May 1911  Charles Henri Vergnes              (b. 1863 - d. 1935)
 1 May 1911 - 28 Sep 1911  Frédéric Estèbe                    (b. 1863 - d. 1936)
28 Sep 1911 - 21 Feb 1913  Gabriel Samuel Garnier-Mouton      (b. 1864 - d. 19..)
21 Feb 1913 - 23 Feb 1914  Honoré Cartron
23 Feb 1914 - 13 Oct 1946  province of Madagascar
Administrators-superior
24 Oct 1946 - 31 Dec 1948  Eugène Alain Charles Louis Alaniou (b. 1896 - d. 1969)
31 Dec 1948 - Dec 1950     Roger Marie Adolphe Emmanuel Rémy  (b. 1897 - d. 1992)
                             (acting)
Dec 1950 - 21 Apr 1956     Pierre Léonard Alphonse Coudert    (b. 1900 - d. 1970)
21 Apr 1956 - 30 Jun 1959  Georges Victor Maurice Arnaud      (b. 1919 - d. 1971)
                             (acting to 11 Feb 1958)
30 Jun 1959 - 14 Dec 1960  Georges Gabriel Joseph Savignac    (b. 1917 - d. 1987)
                             (acting)
14 Dec 1960 - 27 Feb 1962  Louis Joseph Édouard Saget         (b. 1915)
High Commissioners
27 Feb 1962 - 22 May 1962  Louis Joseph Édouard Saget         (s.a.)
22 May 1962 - 15 Feb 1963  Yves de Daruvar                    (b. 1921)
15 Feb 1963 - 26 Jul 1966  Henri Joseph Marie Bernard         (b. 1920 - d. 2000)
26 Jul 1966 - Nov 1969     Antoine Paduan Colombani           (b. 1919)
Nov 1969 - Jul 1975        Jacques Mouradian                  (b. 1910 - d. 1992)
Presidents
 6 Jul 1975 -  3 Aug 1975  Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane          (b. 1919 - d. 1989)  UDC
                             (President of the Government to 7 Jul 1975, then Head of State)
                             (1st time)
 3 Aug 1975 -  3 Jan 1976  Said Mohamed Jaffar                (b. 1918 - d. 1993)  UNF
                             (chairman National Council of the Revolution to 
                             10 Aug 1975, then chairman National Executive Council)
 3 Jan 1976 - 13 May 1978  Ali Soilih Mtsashiwa               (b. 1937 - d. 1978)  RDPC
                             (Head of State to 28 Oct 1977)
13 May 1978 - 23 May 1978  Said Atthoumani                                         UNF
                             (chairman Politico-Military Directorate)
23 May 1978 -  3 Oct 1978  Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane          (s.a.)               UDC
                             (2nd time)
                           + Mohamed Ahmed                    (b. 1917 - d. 1984)  UDC
                            (co-chairmen [to 22 Jul 1978, 
                             Politico-Military] Directorate)
 3 Oct 1978 - 26 Nov 1989  Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane          (s.a.)               UCP
                             (chairman Directorate to 25 Oct 1978)
                             (3rd time)
26 Nov 1989 - 27 Nov 1989  Haribon Chebani (provisional)                           UCP
27 Nov 1989 - 29 Sep 1995  Said Mohamed Djohar (1st time)     (b. 1918 - d. 2006) UCP;1993 RDR
                             (acting to 20 Mar 1990)
29 Sep 1995 -  2 Oct 1995  Ayouba Combo                                            Mil
                             (coordinator Transitional Military Committee) 
 2 Oct 1995 -  5 Oct 1995  Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim (1st time)(b. 1936 - d. 1998)  UNDC
                           + Said Ali Kemal                   (b. 1938)            CHUMA
                           (acting)
 5 Oct 1995 - 26 Jan 1996  Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed         (b. 1948?)           RDR
                             (interim)
26 Jan 1996 - 25 Mar 1996  Said Mohamed Djohar (2nd time)     (s.a.)               RDR
25 Mar 1996 -  6 Nov 1998  Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim (2nd time)(s.a.)               RND
 6 Nov 1998 - 30 Apr 1999  Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde       (b. 1933 - d. 2004)  Non-party
                             (interim)
30 Apr 1999 - 21 Jan 2002  Azali Assoumani (1st time)         (b. 1959)            Mil
                             (Chief of Staff of the National Development 
                             Army to 6 May 1999, then Head of State)
21 Jan 2002 - 26 May 2002  Hamada Madi "Boléro" (interim)     (b. 1965)            PRC
26 May 2002 - 26 May 2006  Azali Assoumani (2nd time)         (s.a.)               CRC
26 May 2006 -              Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi       (b. 1958)            FNS
 

Vice president of the Government Council
13 Aug 1957 -  1 Jan 1962  Mohamed Ahmed                      (s.a.)               PV
Presidents of the Government Council
 1 Jan 1962 - 16 Mar 1970  Said Mohamed Cheikh                (b. 1904 - d. 1970)  PV
 2 Apr 1970 - 16 Jul 1972  Said Ibrahim Ben Ali               (b. 1911 - d. 1975)  PB
16 Jul 1972 - 26 Dec 1972  Said Mohamed Jaffar                (s.a.)               RDPC
26 Dec 1972 -  6 Jul 1975  Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane          (s.a.)               UDC
Prime ministers
 7 Jan 1976 - 22 Dec 1978  Abdallah Mohamed                   (b. 19.. - d. 2000)  UDC
22 Dec 1978 -  8 Feb 1982  Salim Ben Ali                      (b. 1918? - d. 2002) UCP
 8 Feb 1982 - 31 Dec 1984  Ali Mroudjae                       (b. 1939)            UCP
 7 Jan 1992 - 15 Jul 1992  Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim           (s.a.)               RND
 1 Jan 1993 - 26 May 1993  Ibrahim Abderamane Halidi          (b. 1954)            UDD
26 May 1993 - 19 Jun 1993  Said Ali Mohamed                   (b. 1946)            RND
20 Jun 1993 -  2 Jan 1994  Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane         (b. 1938)            RDR
 2 Jan 1994 - 14 Oct 1994  Mohamed Abdou Madi                 (b. 1956?)           RDR
14 Oct 1994 - 29 Apr 1995  Halifa Houmadi                                          RDR
29 Apr 1995 - 27 Mar 1996  Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed         (s.a.)               RDR 
27 Mar 1996 - 27 Dec 1996  Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde       (s.a.)               Non-party
27 Dec 1996 -  9 Sep 1997  Ahmed Abdou                        (b. 1936)            RND 
 7 Dec 1997 - 30 May 1998  Nourdine Bourhane                  (b. 1958)            Non-party
30 May 1998 - 22 Nov 1998  Vacant
22 Nov 1998 - 30 Apr 1999  Abbas Djoussouf                    (b. 1942)            FNR
30 Apr 1999 -  2 Dec 1999  Vacant 
 2 Dec 1999 - 29 Nov 2000  Bianrifi Tarmidi                                        Non-party
29 Nov 2000 - 15 Apr 2002  Hamada Madi "Boléro"               (s.a.)               PRC
15 Apr 2002                Post abolished

       MLIC Flag

Party abbreviations: CRC = Convention pour le Renouveau des Comores (Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros, pro-central govt., est.2002); FNR = Forum Nationale de Reprise (Forum of National Recovery, pro-federal republic); FNJ = Front National pour la Justice (National Front for Justice, conservative, Islamist); RDR = Rassemblement pour la Démocratie et le Renouveau (Rally for Democracy and Renewal, est.1993); PRC = Parti Républicain des Comores (Republican Party of the Comoros); RND = Rassemblement National pour le Développement (National Rally for Development, conservative traditionalist); UCP = Union Comorienne pour le Progrès (Comoran Union for Progress, "Udzima", only legal party 1978-1990); UNF = Uni National Front (United National Front, anti-Abdallah); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: CHUMA = Islands' Fraternity and Unity Party; FNUK-Unikom = Front National Uni des Komoriens-Union des Komoriens (United National Front of Comorans-Union of Comoros 1979-, anti-Soilih); MLIC = Mouvement pour la Libération des Îles Comores (Comoro Liberation Movement, pro-independence, anti-French);  PB = Parti Blanc (White Party, conservative-progressive, from 1972 RDPC); PV = Parti Vert (Green Party, conservative, from 1972 UDC); RDPC = Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Comorien (Democratic Assembly of the Comoran People, socialist); UDC = Union Démocratique des Comores (Comoros Democratic Union, conservative); UDD = Union des Démocrates pour la Démocratie (Union of Democrats for Democracy); UNDC = Union Nationale pour la Démocratie aux Comores (National Union for Democracy in the Comoros, from 1996 RND) 

1886                       The ruler of Bambao unifies the island (the local rulers
                             retaining their titles) into the State of Ngazidja.
24 Jun 1886                Ngazidja a French protectorate.
 6 Jan 1892                Local sultanates suppressed.
1911                       Annexed by France (officially ratified 23 Feb 1914).
 6 Jul 1975                Part of independent Comoros.
 7 Apr 2002                New constitution approved by referendum, establishing
                             Grande Comore as an autonomous part of the Union of Comoros
                             (Autonomous Island of Grand Comore).

Note: Some rulers of Bambao and of Itsandra acquired the paramount-ruler style tibe. 
These are marked (tibe #), where #  indicates the order in which they held it.

Bambao

Sultans (also styled mfalme [plural wafalme])
.... - ....                 Ngoma Mrahafu
.... - ....                 Mwasi Pirusa
.... - ....                 Fum Mbavu Inkwaba
.... - ....                 Mwenye Mji wa Mwenye Mambo
.... - ....                 Inye wa Mantsi
.... - ....                 Mwenye Mji wa Mwanze
.... - ....                 Tambavu mna Muhame wa Saidi
.... - ....                 Tambavu Inkwaba
.... - ....                 Fum Nau wa Kori Dozi (tibe i)
.... - ....                 Mwenye Mji wa Mvunza Panga
.... - ....                 Mla Nau (tibe ii)
.... - ....                 Fozi Wa
.... - ....                 Suja Oma Inkwaba
.... - ....                 Nyau wa Faume (f)
.... - ....                 Bamba Oma wa Ju Mamba (1st time)
.... - ....                 Ahmed bin Shekhe Ngome (1st time)  (b. c.1793 - d. 1875) 
                              (tibe iv)
.... - ....                 Bamba Oma wa Ju Mamba (2nd time)
.... - ....                 Ahmed bin Shekhe Ngome (2nd time)  (s.a.)
.... - ....                 Saidi Bakari
.... - ....                 Ahmed bin Shekhe Ngome (3rd time)  (s.a.)
.... - ....                 Mwenye Mambo
.... - ....                 Ju Mamba
.... - ....                 Mohamed bin Ahmed (1st time)
18.. - 18..                 Ahmed bin Shekhe Ngome (4th time)  (s.a.)
                              (tibe x)
18.. - 18..                 Abdallah bin Saidi Hamza (1st time)
1874?                       Mohamed bin Ahmed (2nd time)
18.. - 18..                 Mwenye Mji (1st time)
18.. - 18..                 Abdallah bin Saidi Hamza (2nd time)
18.. - 18..                 Saidi Bakari bin Ahmed (1st time)
18.. - 18..                 Mwenye Mji (2nd time)
18.. - 18..                 Abdallah bin Saidi Hamza (3rd time)
18.. - 18..                 Saidi Bakari bin Ahmed (2nd time)
18.. - 1886                 Saidi Ali bin Saidi Omar (tibe xv) (b. c.1856 - d. 1915)

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... - ....                 Fey Owa Mbaya
.... - ....                 Fey Mwenza
.... - ....                 Fey Jumbe
.... - ....                 Ju Mwamba Pirusa
.... - ....                 Zombe Ilingo
.... - ....                 Nguzo wa Inehili
.... - ....                 Tibe wa Kanzu
.... - ....                 Mkongo
.... - ....                 Mna Musa Hibu
.... - ....                 Muhammadi Saidi
.... - ....                 Mvunza Panga
.... - ....                 Fey Beja wa Wabeja (f)
.... - ....                 Fum Nau wa Kori Dozi (tibe i)
.... - ....                 Fey Fumu (1st time) (tibe iii)
.... - ....                 Bwana Fumu (1st time) (tibe v)
.... - ....                 Fey Fumu (2nd time) (tibe vi)
.... - ....                 Bwana Fumu (2nd time) (tibe vii)
.... - ....                 Fey Fumu (3rd time) (tibe viii)
.... - ....                 Fum Mbavu (tibe ix)
.... - ....                 Musa Fumu wa Fey Fumu (1st time)   (d. 1883)
                              (tibe xi)
.... - ....                 Tibe Bamba (1st time) (tibe xii)
.... - ....                 Musa Fumu wa Fey Fumu (2nd time)   (s.a.)
                              (tibe xiii)
.... - ....                 Tibe Bamba (2nd time) (tibe xiv)
.... - ....                 Musa Fumu wa Fey Fumu (3rd time)   (s.a.)
.... - ....                 Tibe Bamba (3rd time) 
.... - ....                 Musa Fumu wa Fey Fumu (4th time)   (s.a.)
.... - ....                 Tibe Bamba (4th time)
.... - ....                 Kalega

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... - ....                  Mahame Msahi
.... - ....                  Fozi wa Mahame
.... - ....                  Mbantsi
.... - ....                  Ju Mambu Madi wa Musa Fumu
.... - ....                  Jumbe Fumu Mfaume wa Domba (1st time)
                             - jointly with following -
.... - ....                  Kori Dazi
.... - ....                  Jumbe Fumu Mfaume wa Domba (2nd time)
.... - ....                  Tambavu wa Jumbe Fumu
.... - ....                  Fozi Wa
.... - ....                  Suja Fumu Mbamba
                             - jointly with following -
.... - ....                  Mba Fumu wa Jumbe Fumu
.... - ....                  Msa Fumu wa Tambwe
                             - jointly with following -
.... - ....                  Jumbe Fumu wa Jumbe Mfumu
.... - ....                  Mbandhi wa Bwana Haji
                             - jointly with following -
.... - ....                  Abdallah bin Ahmed
.... - 1886?                 Bwana Fumu

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... - ....                  Mwenye Bamba I
.... - ....                  Bamba Jumbe
.... - ....                  Tambe Mbafu wa Fum Nau
.... - ....                  Ju Mamba Oma wa Mla Nau
                             - jointly with following -
.... - ....                  Mwambatsi
.... - ....                  Mwenye Bamba II
.... - ....                  Bamba Oma
                             - jointly with the following two -
.... - ....                  Suja Oma wa Tambwe
.... - ....                  Shekani
.... - ....                  Fumu Oma
                             - jointly with following -
.... - 1884                  Oma wa Dari                        (d. 1884)
188. - 188.                  Ja Mhaba (f)
188. - 188.                  Hashimu bin Ahmed (1st time)       (d. 1889)
188. - 188.                  Hadija bint Ahmed (f)
188. - 1886                  Hashimu bin Ahmed (2nd time)       (s.a.)
1889                         Hashimu bin Ahmed (3rd time)       (s.a.)

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... - ....                Beja Mbuyuni
.... - ....                Nau wa Migira
.... - ....                Nau wa Moro
.... - ....                Fumu Nau
.... - ....                Yasi Azi
.... - ....                Demani Mtango
.... - ....                Fumu Jimba wa Idimani
.... - ....                Madi Jimbwa wa Tangwe
                           - jointly with following -
.... - ....                Dari wa Mla Nau
.... - ....                Jumbe Fumu wa Suja Oma Inkwaba
.... - ....                Suja Oma wa Tambwe
.... - ....                Mrunda Mijo
                           - jointly with the following two -
.... - ....                Fey Mwando wa Tambwe
.... - ....                Bamba Oma wa Ju Mamba
.... - ....                Tambwe wa Hinye
.... - ....                Abudu bin Mohamed bin Sultani
                           - jointly with following -
.... - ....                Bamba Oma wa Oma

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... - ....                Mohama Mdume wa Beja
.... - ....                Fey Zinda wa Mawana
.... - ....                Fey Zinda wa Makasara
.... - ....                Tambwe Msa Fumu
                           - jointly with following-
.... - ....                Tambwe wa Habadi
.... - ....                Jumbe Fumu wa Mlala Bwani
c.1760 - ....              Tambwe No Fumu wa Mla Nau          (b. 1735 - d. 1815)
.... - ....                Ju Mwamba Mwenye Majini
.... - ....                Mba Fumu wa Suja Fumu Bamba
                           - jointly with following-
.... - ....                Shekhe Salim
.... - ....                Mavunzanga
.... - ....                Tibe Mle
.... - ....                Abudu

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... - ....                Nye Hila
.... - ....                Haji wa No Fumu
.... - ....                Suja Oma Mshinda Kodo
.... - ....                Jumbe Fumu Madi
.... - ....                Bwana Haji Musa
.... - ....                Simai
.... - ....                Dari Oma
.... - ....                Fumu Oma wa Nasiri
.... - ....                Suja Oma wa Fumu
.... - ....                Mba Fumu wa Bwana Haji
.... - ....                Suja Oma Bwana

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... - ....                Msa Mwinza
.... - ....                Bamba
.... - ....                Lwali
.... - ....                Jumbe Fumu wa Tambwe
.... - ....                Dari Mbamba
.... - ....                Mwandhi Oma wa Jumbe Fumu
.... - ....                Bamba Oma wa Suja Funu
.... - ....                Jumbe Fumu Mna Mango
.... - ....                Bamba wa Madi Jimba
.... - ....                Jumbe Fumu wa Sinai

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... - ....                ....

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... -  ....                Bwana Fumu

Sultans (also styled mfalme)
.... -  ....                Febeja Mambwe

Sultani tibe
1886 - 1911                Saidi Ali bin Saidi Omar           (s.a.)
                            (in exile from 19 Sep 1893 [Diégo-Suarez;
                             from 1897, Réunion])
Presidents
29 May 2002 - 26 May 2007  Abdou Soulé Elbak                  (b. 1954)            FNJ
26 May 2007 - 30 May 2007  Soulé Ahamada Mroivili (substitute)
30 May 2007 - 30 Jun 2007  Soudjay Hamadi (interim)
30 Jun 2007 -              Mohamed Abdoulwahab                (b. 1959)            MP-Union

French Residents
(subordinated to the administrators of Mayotte)
Nov 1886 - Dec 1887        Louis Edmond Weber                 (b. 1855 - d. ....)
Jan 1888 - Nov 1888        Jules Lecorney                     (b. 1860 - d. ....)
Nov 1888 - Nov 1889        Claude Jean Henri Pupier           (b. 1860 - d. ....)
Nov 1889 - Jun 1896        Henry Joseph Léon Humblot          (b. 1852 - d. 1914)
Jun 1896 - Nov 1897        Eugène Louis Frédéric Decazes      (b. 1844 - d. 1913)
Nov 1897 - Apr 1899        Charles Henri Olivier Pobéguin     (b. 1856 - d. 1951)
Apr 1899 - Sep 1899        Emilien Célestin Nicolas du        (b. 1871 - d. ....)
                             Plantier 
Sep 1899 - Dec 1899        Jean Louis Edmond Alby             (b. 1865 - d. ....)
Dec 1899 - Apr 1900        Bellemare
Apr 1900 - Aug 1900        Sallefranque
Aug 1900 - Jul 1901        Gratian
Jul 1901 - Aug 1902        Veisseyre
Aug 1902 - Apr 1903        René Pierre
May 1903 - Sep 1903        Mainguy
Sep 1903 - Oct 1903        Louis Lemaire
Oct 1903 - Apr 1904        Massol
May 1904 - Dec 1904        Feuillard
Jan 1905 - Jun 1907        Carten
Jun 1907 - Jun 1909        Pierre Martin (1st time)
Jun 1909 - May 1911        Ernest Lachat                      (b. 1876 - d. 19..)
May 1911 - 1912            Pierre Martin (2nd time)

Party abbreviation: FNJ = Front National pour la Justice (National Front for Justice, conservative, Islamist); MP-Union - Union Presidential Movement

to 1833	1833 - c.1850	c.1850
c.1850 - 1893; 3 Aug 1997 - 2002;             Re-adopted 10 Mar 2002

Map of Anjouan	Hear Local Anthem	Text of Anthem	Constitution (10 Mar 2002; in French) ------------------------ Former Constitution (25 Feb 1998)
Capital: Mutsamudu (formerly Domoni)	Currency: Comoran Franc (KMF)	Former Holiday: 3 Aug (1997) Independence Day	Population: 265,538 (2008) 188,953 (1991)

Sultans (also styled Phany)
c.1676 - c.1711            Alimah III (f)
c.1711 - 1741              Salim                              (d. 1741)
1741 - 1782                Saidi Ahamd
1782 - 1788                Abdallah I (1st time)
1788 - 1792                Halimah (f)
1792 - 1796                Abdallah I (2nd time)
1796 - 1816                Alawi bin Husain "Mwinye Fani"
1816 - 1832                Abdallah II bin Alawi (1st time)   (d. 1836)
1832 - 1833                Ali bin Salim
1833 - 1836                Abdallah II bin Alawi (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1836 - 1837                Saidi Alawi bin Abdallah           (d. 1842)
1837 - 1852                Salim bin Alawi
1852 -  2 Feb 1891         Saidi Abdallah bin Salim           (d. 1891)
Feb 1891 -  2 Apr 1891     Salim bin Abdallah
 2 Apr 1891 - 14 Apr 1892  Saidi Omar bin Saidi Hasan         (d. 1892)
14 Apr 1892 - 25 Jul 1912  Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar       (b. 18.. - d. 1931)
French Residents (subordinated to the administrators of Mayotte)
 2 Aug 1886 - Nov 1888     Théodore Troupel
Nov 1888 - 30 May 1895     Louis Auguste Bertrand Ormières    (b. 1851 - d. 19..)
1892 - 189.                Jean Baptiste Castaing
                             (acting for Ormières)
President
 5 Aug 1997 -  1 Aug 1999  Foundi Abdallah Ibrahim            (b. 1922?)           MPA
Heads of state 
 1 Aug 1999 -  9 Aug 2001  Said Abeid Abderemane              (b. 1941)            Mil
                             (National Coordinator to 22 Aug 1999)
10 Aug 2001 - 25 Aug 2001  Presidium
                           - Halidi Charif                                         Mil
                           - Mohamed Bacar                    (b. 1962)            Mil
                           - Hassan Ali Toilha                                     Mil
25 Aug 2001 - 14 Apr 2002  Mohamed Bacar                      (s.a.)               Mil
24 Sep 2001 - 25 Sep 2001  Ahmed Aboubacar Foundi
                             (premier chef d'autorité de l'île, in rebellion)
Presidents
14 Apr 2002 - 28 Apr 2007  Mohamed Bacar (1st time)           (s.a.)               MPA
28 Apr 2007 - 11 May 2007  Kaambi Houmadi (interim)
11 May 2007 - 14 Jun 2007  Dhoihirou Halidi (interim)         (b. 1964?)
14 Jun 2007 - 25 Mar 2008  Mohamed Bacar (2nd time)           (s.a.)               MPA
26 Mar 2008 - 31 Mar 2008  Ikililou Dhoinine (provisional)
31 Mar 2008 -  7 Jul 2008  Lailizamane Abdou Cheik (interim)  (b. 1959?)
 7 Jul 2008 -              Moussa Toybou                      (b. 1962)

Prime ministers
 8 Mar 1998 -  7 Jul 1998  Abdou Mohammed Mhindi
19 Jul 1998 - Dec 1998     Chamasse Said Omar                 (b. 1935?) 
Dec 1998 - Jan 1999        Abdou Mohammed Hussain

Party abbreviations: MPA = Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais (Anjouan People's Movement);  Mil = Military

1830 - 1842; 1871	1842 - 1867	1868 - 1871
1871 - 1886	1886 - 1891	1891 - 1904
11 Aug 1997 - 1998, Re-adopted 2002	Alternate Reported 2002-2007

Map of Moheli	Hear Local Anthem	Text of Anthem	Constitution (10 Mar 2002; in French)
Capital: Fomboni	Currency: Comoran Franc (KMF)	Local Holiday: N/A	Population: 41,054 (2008) 24,331 (1991)

Sultans
1830 - 1842                Ramanetaka (later Abderremane)     (d. 1842)
1842 - 1865                Raketaka Jombe Sudy (f)(1st time)  (b. c.1836 - d. 1878)
                             (from 1851, Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane)
1842 - 26 May 1849         Regency
                           - Rovao (f)
                           - Tsivandini (to 1847)
Sep 1865 - 1874            Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara  (b. c.1859 - d. 1874)
Sep 1865 - 1868            Jumbe Fatima bint                  (s.a.)
                             Abderremane (f) -Regent (1st time) 
1868 - Jan 1871            Joseph Lambert, duc                (b. 1824 - d. 1873)
                             d'Imerina -Regent
Jan 1871 - 1874            Jumbe Fatima bint                  (s.a.)
                             Abderremane (f) -Regent (2nd time) 
1874 - 1878                Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane (f)  (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1878 - 1885                Abderremane bin Saidi Hamadi       (b. c.1860 - d. 1885)
                             Makadara
1885 - 1886                Mohammed Shekhe                    (b. c.1830 - d. ....)
1886 - 1888                Marjani bin Abudu Shekhe           (b. c.1851 - d. ....)
1888 - 1909                Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi  (b. 1874 - d. 1964)
                             Makadara (f)(did not take office) 
1888 - 1889                Regents
                           - Fadeli bin Othman
                           - Balia Juma (f)
                           - Abudu Tsivandini
1889 - 1897                Mahmudu bin Mohamed                (b. 1863 - d. 1898)
                             Makadara -Regent
French Residents (subordinated to the French administrators of Mayotte)
1886 - 1887                Louis Hyacinthe Désiré Jules       (b. 1846 - d. 1894)
                             Vincent 
1887 - 1888                Barneaud (1st time)(acting)
1888 - 1889                Edmond Édouard Regnot              (b. 1850 - d. 1891)
1889                       Barneaud (2nd time)(acting)
1889 - 1912                the residents of Anjouan
Presidents
11 Aug 1997 - 1998         Said Mohamed Souef
19 May 2002 - 19 May 2007  Mohamed Said Fazul                 (b. 1960)            UCP
19 May 2007 - 22 May 2007  Vacant
22 May 2007 -  1 Jul 2007  Youssouf El-Farouk (interim)
 1 Jul 2007 -              Mohamed Ali Said

Prime minister
11 Aug 1997 - 1998         Soidri Ahmed

Party abbreviations: UCP = Union Comorienne pour le Progrès (Comoran Union for Progress); Mil = Military