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Uzbekistan
 
[Russia
                                    flag]
1865 - Nov 1917
[Flag of
                                    Soviet Union 1923-1991]
30 Dec 1922 - 25 Dec 1991
[Flag of
                                    Uzbek SSR 1952-1991 (USSR)]
31 Aug 1991 - 18 Nov 1991
[Flag of
                                    Uzbekistan]
Adopted 18 Nov 1991


Map of Uzbekistan Hear National Anthem
"O'zbekiston Respublikasining
 Davlat Madhiyasi" (National
 Anthem of the Republic of
 Uzbekistan)
Text of National Anthem
Adopted 10 Dec 1992
Constitution
 (8 Dec 1992)
Capital: Tashkent
(Toshkent)
Currency: Uzbekistani Som
(UZS); 1993-94 Uzbekistan Coupon Som (UZC); 1991-93
Russian Ruble (RUR)  
National Holiday: 1 Sep (1991)
O'zbekiston Respublikasi
Mustaqilligi kuni
(Independence Day)
Population: 30,565,411 (2019)
GDP: $223 billion (2017) Exports: $11.48 billion (2017)
Imports: $11.42 billion (2017)
Ethnic groups: Uzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian
 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 4.4% (2017)
Total Active Armed Forces: 67,000 (2010)
Merchant marine: None (2018)
Religions: Muslim (mostly Sunni) 76.2%, nonreligious 18.1%,
Russian Orthodox 0.8%, Jewish 0.2%, other 4.7% (2000)
International Organizations/Treaties: ADB, AIIB, APA, BRICS (partner), BTWC, CICA, CIS, CSTO (suspended), CTBT, CWC, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA (observer), ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, OTS, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Uzbekistan
Index
Chronology

17 Jun 1865                Russians occupy Tashkent (ceded by Kokand Jan 1868).
23 Jul 1867 - 1917         Russian Turkestan a Governorate-general of Turkestan
                             Kray; as of 1917 it covered Fergana, Samarkand,
                             Semirechye, Syr-Darya and Transcaspian oblasti
                             (see below).
30 Jun 1868                Bukhara a Russian protectorate.
24 Aug 1873                Khorazm (Khiva) a Russian protectorate.
19 Feb 1876                Kokand incorporated into Russia.
13 Nov 1917                Bolshevik rule in Tashkent.
30 Apr 1918                Turkestan A.S.S.R. formed.
27 Oct 1924                Turkestan A.S.S.R., Bukharan S.S.R. and Khorazmian
                             S.S.R. dissolved and Uzbek S.S.R. established (as
                             part of Soviet Union).
 5 Dec 1924                Uzbek Socialist Soviet Republic inaugurated.
13 May 1925                Accession to the Soviet Union confirmed by the
                             Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union
(see under
                             Russia)
.

 5 Dec 1936                Uzbek Soviet Socialist Soviet Republic
 5 Dec 1936                Kara-Kalpak A.S.S.R joined to the Uzbek S.S.R.
21 Oct 1989                Uzbek is designated as the state language.
20 Jun 1990                Uzbek declaration of state sovereignty.
31 Aug 1991                Republic of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Respublikasi).
26 Dec 1991                Independence effective (U.S.S.R. dissolved).

Uzbek S.S.R.
(1924-1991)
Karakalpakstan
Bukhara
(1681-1924)
Kokand
(1710-1876, 1917-1922)
Khorazm
(Khiva)

(1698-1924)
Russian
Turkestan

(1865-1917)
Turkestan
A.S.S.R.

(1918-1924)
Historical Maps
of Uzbekistan
 


Presidents

24 Mar 1990 -  2 Sep 2016  Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov       (b. 1938 - d. 2016)PDPU;2007 OLD
                             (Islom Abdug'aniyevich Karimov)
 2 Sep 2016 -  8 Sep 2016  Nigmatilla Tulkinovich Yuldashev   (b. 1962)            OMT
                             (Nig'matilla To'lqinovich Yo'ldoshev)
                             (acting)
 8 Sep 2016 -              Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyayev    (b. 1957)           OMT;9-16-16
                             (Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev)                     OLD
                             (acting to 14 Dec 2016)

Prime ministers
 8 Jan 1992 - 21 Dec 1995  Abdulkhashim Mutalovich Mutalov    (b. 1947)            PDPU
                            
(Abdulhoshim Mutalovich Mutalov)
21 Dec 1995 - 11 Dec 2003  Utkir Tukhtamuradovich Sultanov    (b. 1939 - d. 2015)  PDPU

                            
(O'tkir To'xtamurodovich Sultonov)
11 Dec 2003 - 14 Dec 2016  S
havkat Miromonovich Mirziyayev    (s.a.)            FMPD;2008 OMT
14 Dec 2016 -              Abdulla Nigmatovich Aripov         (b. 1961)            OLD
                             (Abdulla Nig'matovich Aripov)

Territorial Disputes: Prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; a joint treaty was signed between Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in 2000 recognizing the post-independence border as the official border between the two countries, ending a decade of disputes and establishing the border's current shape; delimitation of approximately 15% or 200 km of border with Kyrgyzstan has been hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas. Formerly there were several enclaves along the Kyrgzystan-Uzbekistan border: one Kyrgyz enclave in Uzbekistan (Barak), and four Uzbek enclaves within Kyrgyzstan (Sokh, Shohimardon, Jani-Ayil/Jhangail and Chong-Kara/Qalacha), in accordance with the terms of a bilateral agreement, Barak was absorbed by Uzbekistan, with Kyrgyzstan receiving an equivalent parcel of Uzbekistan's Andijon province in exchange on 15 Apr 2024, in accordance with May 2023 approval of demarcations by the Nov 2022 Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan ratification of the final treaty delimiting their border.

Party abbreviations: OLD = O'zbekiston Liberal Demokratik Partiyasi "O'zlidep" (Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party "UzLiDeP", center-right, populist, est.15 Nov 2003); OMT = O'zbekistan Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi (Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party, conservative, nationalist, est.1995); PDPU = O'zbekiston Xalq Demokratik Partiyasi (People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, conservative, nationalist, former CPU, est.1991);
- Former parties: FMDP = Fidokorlar Milliy Demokratik Partiyasi (Self-Sacrifice National Democratic Party, merged 2008 with OMT); KPU-B = Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov) Uzbekistan/Kommunistik Partiyasi (Bolsheviklar) O'zbekiston (Communist Party [Bolsheviks] of Uzbekistan, 12 Feb 1925-13 Oct 1952, renamed KPU)



Bukhara

 
[Bukhara
                          flag c.1500-c.1785]
c.1500 - c.1785
[Emirate of Bukhara flag to 1920]
c.1785? - 2 Sep 1920
[Flag of
                          Bukharan People's Soviet Republic,
                          1920/21-1923]
Oct 1920/23 Sep 1921? - 14 Sep 1923
[Flag of
                          Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, 1923-1924]
14 Aug 1923 - 27 Oct 1924


Map of Bukhara
Hear National Anthem
"Internatsional"
(International)
(de facto, possibly)
(1920-1924)

Former National Anthem
(to 1920)
Constitutions
(18 Aug 1922 - 1924;
23 Sep 1921 - 1922;
 in Russian)

Capital: Bukhara Currency: 1768-1920
Bukhara Tenga (BKHT);
1920-24 Bukhara Ruble
(BKSR)

National Holiday:
2 Sep (1920)

Anniversary of Bukharan Revolution

Population: 2,236,400 (1924);
3,600,000
(1914 est.)
GDP: N/A
Exports: 10 million Soviet
Rubles (1923/24)

Imports: 8 million Soviet
Rubles (1923/24)

Ethnic groups: Uzbek 56%, Tajik 30%, Turkmen 11%,
other 3% (1920 est.)

Total Armed Forces: 15,900 (Aug 1920, emirate);
Bukharan Red Army: 6,000 (1921)
Merchant marine: None
Religions: Sunni Muslim 95%, Shi’a Muslim 4%,
other 1% (1914 est.)

International Organizations/Treaties (1877-1924): None

1500                       Khanate of Transoxiana (Mawara’ an-Nahr), capital Samarkand.
1561                       Bukhara becomes capital, gives name to state by 1583.
Sep 1740 – 1747            Under Persian suzerainty.

1758                       Independence of Kokand recognized.
1785                       Emirate of Bukhara (Bokhara) 

30 Jun 1868                Russian protectorate (to Nov 1917); Samarkand and its province
                             annexed by
Russia.
1877                       Bukhara extends its control over mountainous regions in the
                             upper Panj River Valley and annexed the former principalities
                             of the western Pamir in 1895.
25 Mar 1918                Independence confirmed by Russian S.F.S.R.
 2 Sep 1920                Soviet Russian troops occupy Bukhara city.
Sep 1920 – 1926            "Basmachi" rebellion in the eastern Bukhara in the name of the
                             Emir of Bukhara (attempting to take Bukhara city on Mar 1922).
 8 Oct 1920                Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi/
                            
Bukharskaya Narodnaya Sovetskaya Respublika).
 4 Mar 1921                Union agreement with Russian S.F.S.R., the sovereignty of Bukhara
                             confirmed.
19 Sep 1924                Bukharan Socialist Soviet Republic (Buxoro Sotsialistik Sovet
                             Respublikasi/Bukharskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya
                             Respublika
).
27 Oct 1924                Accession to Soviet Union, divided between Uzbek S.S.R. (including
                             Tajik A.S.S.R.) and Turkmen S.S.R.

Chairmen of the Communist Party of Bukhara
27 Jun 1919 -  6 Oct 1920  Nadzhib Khusainov                  (b. 1885 - d. 1937)
 6 Oct 1920 - 23 Feb 1921  Aslamkhodzha Umarkhodzhayev  
23 Feb 1921 -  3 Jul 1921  Saidulla Tursunkhodzhayev          (b. 1891 - d. 1938)
Executive Secretaries of the Communist Party of Bukhara
 5 Jul 1921 – 10 Jan 1922  Abdurashid Mukamilov
1922 – Jun 1923            Mukhtar Saidzhanov                 (b. 1893 – d. 1938)
 4 Jul 1923 - Dec 1923     Abdullo Rakhimbayev                (b. 1896 - d. 1938)
Dec 1923 – 15 Nov 1924     Akhmetbek Mavlyanbekov             (b. 1897 – d. 1938)

Khans
Feb 1681 - Sep 1702        Subhan Quli Khan                   (b. 1625 - d. 1702)
1702 - 1711                `Ubayd Allah Khan II               (b. 1675 - d. 1711)
Mar 1711 - 1747            Abu al-Fa´id Khan                  (b. 1687 - d. 1747)
1722 – 1731                Rajab Muhammad Khan
                             (in opposition, in Samarkand)

1747 - 1751                `Abd al-Mu´min Khan                (b. 1738 - d. 1751)
1747 - Dec 1756            Muhammad Rahim Biy Manghit -Regent (b. 1713 - d. 1758)
                            
(title Ataliq, from Mar 1753 also Amir)
1751 - 1754                `Ubayd Allah Khan
III              (d. 1754)
1754 - 1756                Shir Ghazi Khan
Dec 1756 - 24 Mar 1758     Muhammad Rahim Khan                (s.a.)
                            
(= Muhammad Rahim Biy Manghit)
1758                       Fazil Tura Khan                    (b. 1752 – d. 17..)
1758 – 1785                Abu al-Ghazi Khan                  (b. 17.. - d. 1801)
1758 - 1785                Muhammad Daniyal Biy -Regent       (b. 1730 - d. 1785)
                             (titles Ataliq, Amir)

Emirs
1785 - 13 Dec 1799         Shah Murad Biy "Ma
´sum"            (b. 1749 - d. 1799)
Dec 1799 - Oct 1826        Sayyid Haydar Tura Khan            (b. 1775 - d. 1826) 
Oct 1826 - Dec 1826        Sayyid Husayn Khan                 (b. 1797 - d. 1826)
Dec 1826 - Apr 1827        `Umar Khan                         (b. 1801 - d. 1829)
Apr 1827 - Oct 1860        Nasr Allah Bahadur Khan            (b. 1806 - d. 1860)
Oct 1860 - 12 Nov 1885     Sayyid Muzaffar ad-Din Bahadur Khan(b. 1819 - d. 1885)
12 Nov 1885 -  3 Jan 1911  Sayyid `Abd al-Ahad Bahadur Khan   (b. 1859 - d. 1911)
 3 Jan 1911 -  2 Sep 1920  Sayyid Muhammad `Alim Khan         (b. 1881 - d. 1944)
                            (in opposition in eastern Bukhara, mostly in Dushanbe,
                             to 5 Mar 1921; from 5 Mar 1921 in Afghanistan exile;
                             [in May 1921 public activity prohibited by Afghanistan])

Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee
 2 Mar 1918 – 25 Mar 1918  Fayzulla Khodzhayev                (b. 1896 - d. 1938)  YBRP
                             (Fayzullo Xojaoghli)
                             (in rebellion in Kagan)
Chairmen of the
Provisional Revolutionary Committee
30 Aug 1920 -  9 Sep 1920  Ahmedzhan Abdusaidov "Hamdi"       (b. 1889 – d. 1937)  BKP
                            (in Tashkent exile 10-30 Aug 1920; in
                             rebellion in Charjuy to 2 Sep 1920)
 9 Sep 1920 - 14 Sep 1920  Alimdzhan Akchurin                 (b. 1895 - d.af.1923)BKP
Chairman of the
Central Revolutionary Committee
14 Sep 1920 -  8 Oct 1920  Mirza Abdulkadyr Mukhitdinov       (b. 1892 - d. 1934)  BKP
                             (Abdulqodir Muhiddinoghli)
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee
 8 Oct 1920 – 22 Sep 1921  Mirza Abdulkadyr Mukhitdinov       (s.a.)               BKP
23 Sep 1921 –  8 Dec 1921  Usmankhodzha Pulat Khodzhayev      (b. 1887 – d. 1968)  BKP 
                             (Usmonxoja Polat Xojaoghli)
 
8 Dec 1921 - 18 Aug 1922  Muindzhan Aminov                   (b. 1890 - d.af.1923)BKP
                             (Muinjon Aminoghli)
                             (deputy chairman to 3 Jan 1922,
                             acting 3 Jan - 12 Apr 1922)

19 Aug 1922 - 18 Nov 1924  Hasan Parsakhodzhayev              (b. 1867 - d. 1937)  BKP


Chief ministers (
Quli Qushbegi)
1756 - 1785                Muhammad Dawlat                    (b. 1712 - d. 1785)
1785 - 1812                Utkur Sufi Biy                     (b. 1742 - d. 1812)
1812 - 1837                Muhammad Hakim Biy                 (b. 1768 - d. 1840)
1837 - 1860                Mirza Aziz Biy                     (d. 1860)
1860 - 1870                Muhammad Yakub Biy
1870 - Nov 1889            Muhammad Biy                       (b. 1808 – d. 1889)
1889 - Jan 1910            Astan Quli Biy
                    (b. 1860 – d. 1923)
Jan 1910 - Apr 1917        Mirza Nasr Allah Biy               (b. c.1860 - d. 1918)
22 Apr 1917 - Mar 1918     Nizam ad-Din Khoja Urganji         (b. 1871 - d. 1921)
Mar 1918 -  2 Sep 1920     Usman Bek
Chairman of the Council of People's Ministers (Nazirs)

14 Sep 1920 - 19 Nov 1924  Fayzulla Khodzhayev                (s.a.)               BKP

Russian Political Agents (from 30 Mar 1917, Residents) in Bukhara
14 Jan 1886 -  9 Apr 1890  Nikolay Valeryevich Charykov       (b. 1855 – d. 1930)
 9 Apr 1890 - 31 Jul 1895  Pavel Mikhaylovich Lessar          (b. 1851 – d. 1905)
31 Jul 1895 - 11 Apr 1902  Vladimir Ivanovich Ignatyev        (b. 1853 – d. 1902)
14 Apr 1902 - 1911         Yakov Yakovlyevich Lyutsh (Lütsch) (b. 1854 – d. af.1921)
1911 - 1913                Aleksandr Sergeyevich Somov        (b. 1859 - d. 1928)
1913 - Oct 1916            Aleksandr Konstantinovich Belyayev (b. 1870 – d. 1960)
Oct 1916 - Apr 1917        Aleksandr Yakovlevich Miller       (b. 1868 – d. 1940)
Apr 1917 - Nov 1917        Sergey Vissarionovich Chirkin      (b. 1879 – d. 1943)

Party abbreviations: BKP = Buxoro Kommunistik Partiyasi/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Bukhary (Communist Party of Bukhara, communist, Sep 1918-1924, banned to 1920, from 1920 state party); YBRP = Yosh Buxorolik Inqilobchilan Partiyasi (Young Bukharan Revolutionary Party, anti-monarchist, reformist, 1917 – 11 Sep 1920, banned to 1920, merged into BKP)



Kokand (Khuqand)(Fergana)

[Khanate of
                          Khuqand (Kokand) to 1876]
to 1876
[Kokand
                          Autonomous State 1917-1918]
10 Dec 1917 - 19 Feb 1918
Capital: Kokand
(Khuqand)
(Tepakurgan 1710-1732)
Population:
1,500,000 (1850 est.,
Kokand khanate);
2,134,000 (1914,
Fergana oblast)
Turkestan Anthem
"Turkiston Muxtoriyati Madhiyasi
(Turkestan
Autonomy Anthem)
(1917-1918)

1504                       Bukhara (then known as Transoxiana) annexes the Fergana Valley
                             (in 1571 Bukharan rule re-established, but from 1626 the valley
                             is again de-facto independent under several local Beks).

1710                       Rule consolidated by Beks of Aksy, afterwards styled Beks of
                             Fergana (Farghana).

1732                       Capital established at Kokand (Khuqand), gives name to state.
1758                       Independence of Kokand recognized by Bukhara (under suzerainty
                             of China until 1798).

1806                       Khanate of Kokand (Qo'qon Xonligi).
Apr 1842 - Jun 1842        Annexed by Bukhara.
May 1862 - 1876            Vassal of Bukhara (interrupted 1863 – Jul 1865).

17 Jun 1865                Tashkent occupied by Russia.
Jan 1868                   Russian protectorate, Tashkent ceded to Russia.
19 Feb 1876                Incorporated into Russia.
10 Dec 1917 – 19 Feb 1918  Turkestan Autonomy (Turkiston Muxtoriyati) proclaimed at
                             Kokand by Turkestan All-Muslim Congress, as part of federal
                             Russian Republic in opposition to the Bolshevik rule in
                             Turkestan.
20 Dec 1917                Bolshevik rule in Skobelev (modern Fergana), the capital of
                             Fergana oblast.

Mar 1918 – 1923            "Basmachi" rebellion in Fergana (establishment of political
                             authority attempted on 22 Oct 1919, with participation of
                             anti-Bolshevik Russian "Peasants' Army" on 3 May 1920).
30 Apr 1918                Part of Turkestan A.S.S.R.
27 Oct 1924                Incorporated into Uzbek S.S.R.

Beks (there are very conflicting lists of dates 1730's - 1770's)
1710 - 1721                Shah Rukh Biy                      (b. c.1680 – d. 1721)
1721 - 1739                `Abd ar-Rahim Biy                  (b. c.1700 – d. 1739)
1739 - 1746                `Abd al-Karim Biy                  (b. c.1701 – d. 1746)
1746                       `Abd ar-Rahman Biy                 (d. 175.)
1746 - 1751                Irdana Biy (1st time)              (b. c.1720 – d. 1770)

1751 – 1752                Nizam ad-Din Baba Biy              (d. 1752)
1751 – 1770                Irdana Biy (2nd time)              (s.a.)
1770  (3 months)           Sulayman Biy
                      (d. 1770)
1770 - 1798                Narbuta Biy                        (b. 1749 - d. 1798)
1798 - 1806                Muhammad `Alim Biy                 (b. 1774 - d. 1809)
Khans
1806 – 1809                Muhammad `Alim Khan                (s.a.)
1809 - Jan 1821            Sayyid Muhammad `Umar Khan         (b. 1787 - d. 1821)

                             (styled Amir al-Muslimin from 1814)
1821 - Apr 1842            Sayyid Muhammad `Ali Khan          (b. 1808 - d. 1842)
1821 – 1827                Haq Quli Bek –Regent               (d. 1827)
                             (title: Minbashi, possibly Ataliq)
Apr 1842                   Mahmud Khan                        (d. 1842)
                             (not formally installed)
Apr 1842 - Jun 1842        Annexed by Bukhara
Jun 1842 - May 1845        Sayyid Muhammad Shir `Ali Khan     (b. 1792 – d. 1845)

May 1845 - Jun 1845        Murad Khan                         (b. 1812 – d. 1845)
1845 – 1846                Sarimsak Khan                      (d. 1847)
                             (in opposition, in Tashkent)
Jun 1845 – 1858            Sayyid Muhammad Khudayar Khan      (b. 1832 – d. 1881)
                             (1st time)
Jun 1845 – Oct 1852        Musulman Qul –Regent               (b. 1794 – d. 1852)
                             (title: Minbashi, possibly Ataliq)
1851 (several days)        `Abd Allah Bek
                             (occupies the capital)
1858 - Mar 1862            Sayyid Muhammad Malla Beg Khan     (b. 1838 – d. 1862)
Mar 1862 - May 1862        Shah Murad Khan                    (b. 1847 – d. 1862)
Mar 1862 - May 1862       
`Alim Bek –Regent                  (b. 1799 – d. 1862)
                             (title: Ataliq)

May 1862 - Jul 1863        Sayyid Muhammad Khudayar Khan      (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
Jul 1863 - Jul 1865        Muhammad Sultan Sayyid Khan        (b. 1851 - d. 1865)
                             (1st time)
Jul 1863 - May 1865       
`Alim Qul –Regent                  (b. 1831 – d. 1865)
                             (title: Ataliq)
Jul 1865 (2 weeks)         Haydar Bek (Khuday Qul, Bil Bahchi)
                             (occupies the capital)
Jul 1865 - Aug 1875        Sayyid Muhammad Khudayar Khan      (s.a.)
                             (3rd time)
Aug 1875 - Oct 1875        Nasir ad-Din Khan (1st time)       (b. 1850 - d. 1877)
Oct 1875 -  3 Feb 1876     Muhammad Pulad Khan                (b. 1844 – d. 1876)
 3 Feb 1876 - 19 Feb 1876  Nasir ad-Din Khan (2nd time)       (s.a.)
Russian Governors of Fergana Oblast
17 Mar 1876 - 29 Mar 1877  Mikhail Dmitriyevich Skobelev      (b. 1843 - d. 1882)
29 Mar 1877 - 16 Nov 1883  Aleksandr Konstantinovich Abramov  (b. 1836 - d. 1886)
 7 Dec 1883 -  8 Oct 1887  Nikolay Aleksandrovich Ivanov      (b. 1842 - d. 1904)
 8 Oct 1887 - 12 Jul 1893  Nikolay Ivanovich Korol'kov        (b. 1837 - d. 1906)
12 Jul 1893 -  9 Jun 1898  Aleksandr Nikolayevich Povalo-     (b. 1834 - d. 1903)
                             Shveykovskiy
16 Jul 1898 -  1 Jun 1901  Andrey Petrovich Chaykovskiy       (b. 1841 - d. 1920)
17 Jun 1901 - 23 Dec 1904  Georgiy Alekseyevich Arandarenko   (b. 1846 - d. 1908)
23 Dec 1904 - 10 Aug 1907  Vasiliy Ivanovich Pokotilo         (b. 1856 - d. 1919)
 6 Oct 1907 - 21 Mar 1911  Vladimir Nikolayevich Susanin      (b. 1855 - d. 1917)
21 Mar 1911 - Jul 1916     Aleksandr Ivanovich Gippius        (b. 1855 - d. af.1917)
31 Aug 1916 - 1917         Pavel Pavlovich Ivanov-Rinov       (b. 1869 - d. af.1926)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government of Turkestan Autonomy

10 Dec 1917 – 25 Dec 1917  Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpayev           (b. 1897 - d. 1937)  PSR
25 Dec 1917 - 19 Feb 1918  Mustafa Chokayev                   (b. 1890 – d. 1941)  MC
                             (Mustafo Choqayoghli)
19 Feb 1918 – 22 Feb 1918  Mukhamed Khodzhayev "Kichik Ergash"(b. 1885 – d. 1918)  Mil
                             (commander of Turkestan Autonomy militia)
Amir al-Muslimin (overall "Basmachi" commander in Fergana)
Mar 1918 – 1920            Ergashbey Berdiyev "Katta Ergash"  (b. 1880 – d. 1920)
Chairman of the Provisional Government of Fergana Autonomy
22 Oct 1919 –  6 Mar 1920  Madamin Akhmetbekov "Madamin Bek"  (b. 1892 – d. 1920)  Mil
                            (refused authority of "Katta Ergash";
                             claimed loyalty to Kolchak, the Supreme Ruler of Russia)
Chairman of the Provisional Government of Turkestan Turkic Independent Islamic Republic
 3 May 1920 – Dec 1922     Shermukhamed Bek "Kurshermat"      (b. 1893 – d. 1970)  Mil
                             (from Jul 1920, also titled Amir al-Muslimin)
Amir al-Muslimin
Jan 1923 – 1923            Islam Palwan                       (b. 1882 – d. 1923)


Party abbreviations: MC = Shuroi Islomiya (Muslim Council, moderate Muslim autonomist, 1917-1918); PSR = Partiya Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Socialists-Revolutionaries, "SRs", democratic socialist, agrarian socialist, split Aug 1917 into Left and Right wings, from 1919 banned in Turkestan ASSR, 1902-1922); Mil = Military


Tashkent

1503                       Part of Transoxiana (later Bukhara).
1598                       Ceded by Bukhara to the Kazakh Khanate.
1604 – 1605                Occupied by the Karakalpaks.
1723 – 1755                Under the Dzungarian suzerainty, Kazakh rule continues.
1741 – 1742                Occupied by Kokand (again 1744-45, 1749-50).
1781 – 1784                Subject to Bukhara, the Kazakh rule ends.
1784                       An independent "khwaja" city-state.
1808                       Annexed by Kokand.
17 Jun 1865                Occupied by Russia (ceded by Kokand on Jan 1868).

Khans (at times subject to the senior Khans of Kazakh Khanate)
17.. – 1712                Rustem Muhammad Khan               (d. 1712)
171. – 1719               
`Abd Allah Khan                    (b. 167. - d. 1719)
1720 – Apr 1740            Zholbars Khan                      (b. c.1690 – d. 1740)
1740 – 1741                Abu al-Ghazi Khan

Rulers (title: Wali)
1784 – 1801                Muhammad Yunus Khwaja              (b. c.1756 – d. 1805)
1801 – 1805                Muhammad Khwaja                    (d. 1805)
1805 – 1807                Sultan Khwaja
1807 – 1808                Hamid Khwaja



Khorazm (Khiva)
 
[Khanate
                          of Khiva (Khorazm) flag c.1873-1918]
c.1873 - 1918
[Flag of Khiva
                          (Khorazm) 1918-1920]
1918 - 23? Jan 1920
[Khiva (Khorazm)
                          flag 1920]
23? Jan 1920 - 30 Apr 1920
[Flag of
                          Khorazmian People's Soviet Republic
                          1920-1922]
30 Apr 1920 - 23 Jul 1922
[Flag of Khorazmian People's
                          Soviet Republic 1922-1923]
23 Jul 1922 - 23 Oct 1923
[Flag of
                          Khorazmian Socialist Soviet Republic
                          1923-1924]
23 Oct 1923 - 27 Oct 1924
Map of Khorazam Hear National Anthem
"Internatsional"
(International)
(de facto, possibly)
(1920-1924)

Former National Anthem
(c.1873-1920)
Constitutions
(23 May 1921 - 1923;
30 Apr 1920 - 1921;
in Russian)
Capital: Khiva
(Urganch to 1557,1558-1603;
 Khiva 1557-1558;
Junaid: Bedirkent 1918-20)
Currency: 1918-20 Khiva
 Tenga (KHVT)
; 1920-23
Soviet Khiva Ruble
(SUVT); 1873-1918
Russian Ruble (RUES)
National Holiday:
2? Feb (1920)
Anniversary of Khorazmian
Revolution

Population: 640,100 (1924);
800,000
(1914 est.)
GDP: N/A
Exports: 16 million Russian
Rubles (1913)

Imports: 10 million Russian
 Rubles (1913)

Ethnic groups: Uzbek 65%, Turkmen 27%, Kara-Kalpak 4%, Kazakh 3%, other 1% (1920 est.)
Total Armed Forces: 2,000 (Dec 1919,
 under Junaid Khan);
Khorazmian Red Army: 1,200 (1921)
Merchant marine: None
Religions: Sunni Muslim 99%, other 1% (1914 est.)
International Organizations/Treaties (1873-1924): None

1511                       Khanate of Khorazm ("Karasm")(Xarazm/Xorazm/Xorezm).
1511 - 1804                Under the Arabshai (Yadigarid Shibanid) dynasty rule.
Dec 1740 - Jul 1747        Under Persian suzerainty.

Sep 1770 - Mar 1804        De-facto rule by the tribal leaders, styled Inaq: Muhammad Amin
                             Biy (b. c.1730 – d. 1790), and then Muhammad
`Awaz Biy
                             (b. c.1750 – d. 1804)
c.1804                     Gradually known to foreigners and also locally as Khanate of
                             Khiva (Xiva xonligi), official name remains Khorazm.

1804 -  1 Feb 1920         Under the Qungrat (Khongirad) dynasty.
24 Aug 1873
               Russian Protectorate (to Nov 1917); all territories on the right
                             bank
of the Amu Darya River annexed to Russia.
Jan 1918                   Turkmen tribal leader Muhammad Qurban "Junaid Khan" and his
                             detachment capture Khorazm, establishing his rule (while formally
                             maintaining the Khan in nominal power).
 
9 Apr 1919                Independence confirmed by Russian S.F.S.R.
 1 Feb 1920                Soviet Russian troops occupy Khiva.
26 Apr 1920                Khorazmian People's Soviet Republic (Xorazm Xalq Sovet
                             Respublikasi/Khorezmskaya Narodnaya Sovetskaya Respublika
).
Aug 1920 – 1925            "Basmachi" rebellion against the Soviet republic by Junaid Khan
                             (briefly lays siege to Khiva in 19-24 Jan 1924).
13 Sep 1920                Union agreement with Russian S.F.S.R., the sovereignty of Khorazm
                             confirmed.
20 Oct 1923                Khorazmian Socialist Soviet Republic (Xorazm Sotsialistik Sovet
                             Respublikasi/Khorezmskaya
Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya
                             Respublika
).
27 Oct 1924                Accession to Soviet Union; divided between Uzbek S.S.R., Turkmen
                             S.S.R., and Russian S.F.S.R. (Kara-Kalpak A.O.).

Chairmen of the Communist Party of Khorazm
 4 Apr 1920 -  3 Jun 1920  Alimdzhan Akchurin                (b. 1895 - d. af.1923)
 4 Jun 1920 - Dec 1920     Mulla Dzhumaniyaz Sultanmuradov
Dec 1920 - 29 May 1921     Makhmud Musayev (acting)
                            (head of Political Administration of Khorazmian Red Army)

Executive Secretaries of the Communist Party of Khorazm
29 May 1921 - 12 Nov 1921  Mukhamedzhan Tazetdinov  
12 Nov 1921 - 17 Dec 1921  Berdi Gadzhiev  
17 Dec 1921 - 22 Jul 1923  Gaifi Sharafutdinov
22 Jul 1923 - 22 Sep 1923  Mukhamed Sharipov (acting) 
22 Sep 1923 - 15 Jun 1924  Karimdzhan Adinayev               (b. 1897 – d. 1938)
15 Jun 1924 – 27 Oct 1924  Iskhak Khansuvarov                (b. 1896 – d. af.1934)

Khans
1698 - 1702                Shah Niyoz Khan                   (d. 1702)
1702 - 1704                Shah Bakht Khan                   (d. 1704)
                             (in some sources `Arab Muhammad Khan II
)
1704                       Sayyid `Ali Khan                  (d. 1704)
1704 - 1708                Musa Khan                         (d. 1708)
1708 - 1714                Yadigar Khan I                    (d. 1714)
                             (in some sources Haji Muhammad Khan II,
                             name probably adopted before end of reign)
Mar 1714 – Dec 1727        Shir Ghazi Khan                   (d. 1727)
1714 – 1715                Ishim Muhammad Khan               (d. af.1725)
                            (in opposition in Qonghirot)
                            (1679-af.1725 also Karakalpak Khan;
                             in some sources Arank Khan)
1721 – 1736                Shah Timur Khan                   (d. 1736)
                             (in opposition in Qonghirot)

1728 (several days)        Sarigh Ayghir Khan Mamay          (d. 1728)
1728 (6 weeks)             Bahadur Khan                      (d. 1771)
1728 - Nov 1740            Ilbars Khan II                    (d. 1740)

Nov 1740 (1 week)          Abu al-Gha´ir Khan                (b. 1693 – d. 1748)
                            (also khan in Kazakh Younger Zhuz 1718-1748)
Dec 1740 – Jun 1741        Muhammad Tahir Khan               (d. 1741)
Jun 1741 – 1742            Nur
`Ali Khan I                   (b. 1714 – d. 1790)
                            (also khan in Kazakh Younger Zhuz 1748-1786)
1742 – Jul 1747           
`Abu al-Ghazi Khan II `Abu        (d. 1747)
                            
al-Muhammad
Jul 1747 - Nov 1757        Gha´ip Khan                       (b. c.1730 - d. 1790)
Nov 1757 - Mar 1758       
`Abd Allah Khan I Qarabay         (d. af.1810)
Mar 1758 - 1764            Timur Ghazi Khan                  (b. c.1744 - d. 1764)
Aug 1764 - Feb 1766        Tawke Khan Khudaydad
1766 – 1768                Shah Ghazi Khan                   (b. c.1747 – d. 1768)
1768 – 1769                Abu al-Ghazi III                  (d. 1815)
1769                       Nur
`Ali Khan II
1769 - Sep 1770            Janghir Khan
Sep 1770 - Oct 1770        Bolekey Khan                      (d. 1808)
1770 – 1771               
`Abd Allah Khan II Aqim (1st time)(d. af.1790)
c.1771                    
`Abd al-Aziz Khan
c.1772                     Artuq Ghazi Khan
c.1772 - c.1773           
`Abd Allah Khan II Aqim (2nd time)(s.a.)
c.1773 - 1775              Yadigar Khan II (1st time)
1775 - 1779                Abu al-Fa
´id Khan                 (d. 1779)
1779 - 1781                Yadigar Khan II (2nd time)
1781 - 1783                Pulad Khan
1783 - 1790                Yadigar Khan II (3rd time)
1790 - Sep 1802           
`Abu al-Ghazi Khan IV             (b. 1750 - d. 1806) 
Sep 1802 - Nov 1806        `Abu al-Ghazi Khan V (1st time)   (b. 1784 - d. 1805) 
Nov 1804 - Jul 1806        Muhammad Iltazar Khan             (b. 1760 - d. 1806) 

Jul 1806 - Dec 1806        `Abu al-Ghazi Khan V (2nd time)   (s.a.) 
Dec 1806 - 1825            Muhammad Rahim Bahadur Khan I     (b. 1775 - d. 1825)
1825 - 22 Nov 1842         Allah Quli Bahadur Khan           (b. 1794 - d. 1842)
22 Nov 1842 - 30 Jan 1846  Muhammad Rahim Quli Khan          (b. 1804 - d. 1846)
30 Jan 1846 - Mar 1855     `Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin       (b. 1817 - d. 1855)
                             Bahadur Khan
Mar 1855 -  1 Sep 1855     `Abd Allah Khan III               (d. 1855)
Sep 1855 - Feb 1856        Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur    (b. 1837 - d. 1856)
                             Khan
1856                       Sayyid Mahmud Khan
                             (not formally installed)

Apr 1856 - Sep 1864        Sayyid Muhammad Khan              (b. 1823 - d. 1864)
1858 – Aug 1859            Muhammad Fena´ Khan               (d. 1859)
                             (in opposition, in Qonghirot)
10 Sep 1864 - Sep 1910     Sayyid Muhammad Rahim Bahadur     (b. 1845? - d. 1910)

                             Khan II "Feruz"
Sep 1910 -  1 Oct 1918     Asfandiyar Jurji Bahadur Khan     (b. 1871 - d. 1918)

 1 Oct 1918 -  1 Feb 1920  Sayyid `Abd Allah Khan IV         (b. 1870 - d. 1933)
Commander-in-chief of Khivan troops
(title Serdar Karim) (de facto ruler)
Jan 1918 - Jan 1920        Muhammad Qurban "Junaid Khan
"     (b. c.1860 - d. 1938) 
                            (continues in rebellion to 1925, in Persia 
                             exile Feb – Aug 1920, Jan 1921 – Jul 1923)

Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee-Provisional Government
 2 Feb 1920 - 26 Apr 1920  Mulla Dzhumaniyaz Sultanmuradov                        YKRP
                             (Jumaniyoz Sulton Murodoghli)
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Assembly (Kurultoy) of People's Representatives
26 Apr 1920 -  6 Mar 1921  Palvanniyaz Khodzhi Yusupov       (b. 1861 – d. 1936)  KPK
                             (Polvon Niyoz Xoji Yusuf)                             
 6 Mar 1921 - 15 May 1921  Dzhabbarbergen Kuchkarov                               KPK
                             (Jabborbergan Qoch Qoroghli)
                             (chairman of Provisional Revolutionary Committee;
                             continues as supreme authority to 23 May 1921)
15 May 1921 - 23 May 1921  Khudaybergen Divanov              (b. 1879 – d. 1940)  KPK
                             (Xudoybergan Divonoghli)                             
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee
23 May 1921 –  5 Sep 1921  Madrakhim Allabergenov            (d. 1921)            KPK
                             (Madrahim Ollobergan)
 5 Sep 1921 - 27 Nov 1921  Mulla Ata-Maksum Madrakhimov      (d. 1921)            KPK
                             (Ata-Maqsum Madrahimoghli)
27 Nov 1921 - 23 Jul 1922  Yangibay Muradov                                       KPK
                             (Yangiboy Murodoghli) 
23 Jul 1922 - 20 Oct 1922  Abdulla Khodzhayev "Khadzhi Baba"                      KPK
                             (Abdullo Abdurahmon Xojaoghli)
                             (1st time)
20 Oct 1922 – 26 Mar 1923  Atadzhan Safayev                                       KPK
Mar 1923 – 20 Oct 1923     Abdulla Khodzhayev "Khadzhi Baba"                      KPK
                             (2nd time)
20 Oct 1923 – 26 Mar 1924  Karim Safayev (Karim Safaroghli)  (b. 1891 – d. 19..)  KPK
17 Jan 1924 – 19 Feb 1924  Mukhamed Abdusalyamov                                  KPK
                            (chairman of Provisional Revolutionary Committee;
                             acting for absent
Safayev)
26 Mar 1924 – 17 Sep 1924  Sultan-Kary Dzhumaniyazov (1st time)                   KPK
                            (Sulton-Kari Jumaniyoz)
17 Sep 1924 – 27 Oct 1924  Nedirbay Aytakov                  (b. 1894 – d. 1938)  KPK
Oct 1924 - 23 Nov 1924     Sultan-Kary Dzhumaniyazov (2nd time)                   KPK

Chief ministers (Divanbegi)
c.1870 - 1873              Muhammad Murad "Matmurad" Bek     (b. 1830 – d. 1902)
                            
(1st time)
1873 - 1880                Muhammad Rasul Mirza
1880 - 1902                Muhammad Murad "Matmurad" Bek     (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1902 - 1910               
`Abd Allah Jan
1910 - 17 Aug 1913         Sayyid Islam Khwaja               (b. 18.. - d. 1913)
1913 - 1917                Husayn Muhammad Bek               (b. 1871 – d. 1918)
                             (also chairman of council of ministers 8 May - Jun 1917)
1917 -  2 Feb 1920         ....
Chairmen of the Council of People's Ministers (Nazirs)

26 Apr 1920 -  5 Jun 1920  Mulla Dzhumaniyaz Sultanmuradov                        KPK
 5 Jun 1920 -  6 Mar 1921  Palvanniyaz Khodzhi Yusupov       (s.a.)               KPK
 6 Mar 1921 - 23 Mar 1921  Vacant
23 Mar 1921 - 27 Nov 1921  Menglykhodzha Ibniyaminov         (b. 1898 – d. 1938)  KPK
                             (Menglixoja Ibniyaminoghli)
27 Nov 1921 - 22 Jul 1922  Abdulla Khodzhayev "Khadzhi Baba"                      KPK
22 Jul 1922 - 20 Oct 1923  Babadzhan Atadzhanov              (b. 1878 – d. 1938)  KPK
24 Oct 1923 - Mar 1924     Saidulla Tursunkhodzhayev         (b. 1891 - d. 1938)  KPK
                             (chairman of the Economy Council)
26 Mar 1924 – 30 Nov 1924  Bekdzhan Nazarov                  (b. 1895 – d. 1937)  KPK

Russian Commissar of the Provisional Government in Khiva
Jul 1917 – Nov 1917        Ivan Matveyevich Zaytsev          (b. 1879 – d. 1934)  Mil

Party abbreviations: KPK = Xorazm Kommunistik Partiyasi/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Khorezma (Communist Party of Khorazm, communist, 1920-1924, state party); YKRP = Yosh Xivalik Inqilobchilan Partiyasi (Young Khivan Revolutionary Party, anti-monarchist reformists, 1917 – 8 Apr 1920, banned to 1920, merged into CPK); Mil = Military



Karakalpakstan (Qaraqalpaqstan)

 
[Kara-Kalpak
                          ASSR flag 1934-1937 (Russian S.F.S.R.)]
25 Dec 1934 - 29 Sep 1937
[Kara-Kalpak ASSR flag 1937-1941
                          (Uzbek S.S.R.)]
29 Sep 1937 - 1941
[Kara-Kalpak
                          ASSR flag 1941-1952 (Uzbek S.S.R.)]
1941 - 29 Aug 1952
[Flag of Uzbek SSR
                          1952-1991 (USSR)]
29 Aug 1952 - 31 Aug 1981
[Kara-Kalpak
                          ASSR flag 1981-1992 (Uzbek SSR)]
31 Aug 1981 - 14 Dec 1992
[Republic of
                          Karakalpakstan flag (Uzbekistan)]
Adopted 14 Dec 1992
Map of  Karakalpakstan
Hear Regional Anthem
"Qaraqalpaqstan
 Ryespublikasi’ni’n’
 ma’mlyekyetlik gimni"
(S
tate Anthem of the
 Republic of Karakalpakstan)
Text of  Regional Anthem
Adopted 24 Dec 1993
Constitution
(9 Apr 1993; in Russian)
(29 May 1978;
29 Sep 1937)

Capital: Nukus (No'kis)
(Turtkul 1924-1939)

Currency (from 1993):
Uzbekistani Som
(UZS)
Region Holiday: 9 Apr (1993)
Day of Constitution of
 Republic of Karakalpakstan
Population: 1,817,500 (2017)

c.1598                     Karakalpaks recorded under that name for the first time, subject
                             to Bukhara; formerly the easternmost part of the Nogay Horde.
1604 – 1605                Occupy Tashkent, the first khan recorded, afterwards subject to
                             the Kazakhs (to 1743) and mainly settled at the Lower Syr-Darya
                             River.
1757                       Annexed to Khanate of Khorazm, majority settled at the Amu-Darya
                             River.
1855 – 1856                Karakalpak rebellion in Chimbay, khanate proclaimed (there were
                             many Karakalpak rebellions, but only once was a khan elected).
12 Aug 1873                Annexed to Russia.
Jan 1918                   Bolshevik rule in Turtkul (Dec 1917-Jan 1918 local Russian troops
                             claimed loyalty to Turkestan Autonomy).

30 Apr 1918 - 27 Oct 1924  Part of Turkestan A.S.S.R.

14 Aug 1919 – 18 Feb 1920  Rebellion by Russian Cossacks and Kara-Kalpaks, a provisional
                             government established in Chimbay in opposition to Bolsheviks.
1920                       Amu Darya oblast of the Turkestan A.S.S.R.
27 Oct 1924                Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast (Kara-Kalpakskaya avtonomnaya
                             oblast'
) established (within Kazakh
A.S.S.R. inside the Russian
                             S.F.S.R.).

16 Feb 1925                Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast inaugurated.
20 Jul 1930 -  5 Dec 1936  Separated from Kazakh A.S.S.R. (within the Russian S.F.S.R.).
20 Mar 1932                Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (within 
                             the Russian S.F.S.R.)
 5 Dec 1936                Renamed Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist (Qoraqalpoq Avtonom
                             Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi/Kara-kalpakskaya Avtonomnaya
                             Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika
)(transferred to

                             the Uzbek S.S.R.)
 
7 Feb 1964                Renamed Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Qoraqalpoq
                             Avtonom Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi/Karakalpakskaya
                             Avtonomnaya
Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika)
.

14 Dec 1990                Kara-Kalpak declaration of state sovereignty (Karakalpak Soviet
                             Republic [Qoraqalpoq Sovet Respublikasi/Karakalpakskaya
                             Sovetskaya Respublika
]).

21 Dec 1991                Republic of Karakalpakstan (Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikası/
                             Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi).
26 Dec 1991                Part of independent Uzbekistan.
 8 Dec 1992                Republic of Karakalpakstan (Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikası/
                             Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi) autonomous within Uzbekistan)
,
                             confirmed by treaty of 9 Jan 1993.

Executive Secretaries of the Organizing Bureau of the Russian Communist Party
(Bolsheviks) for the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast

Oct 1924 - Apr 1925        Allayar Karazovich Dosnazarov      (b. 1896 - d. 1937)
                             (of the Organizational Bureau of the Communist Party)
Apr 1925 - Oct 1925        Abu Yerzhanovich Kudabayev         (b. 1899 – d. 1938) 
Executive Secretaries of the Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party
(Bolsheviks)(from 21 Dec 1925,
All-Union Communist Party [Bolsheviks]) for
the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast

Oct 1925 - Sep 1927        Abu Yerzhanovich Kudabayev         (s.a.)
Sep 1927 - May 1930        Pyotr Ivanovich Varlamov           (b. 1899 - d. 1942)
May 1930 - 1931            Timofey Ivanovich Churbanov        (b. 1895 - d. 19..)
First Secretaries of the Kara-Kalpak Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist
Party (Bolsheviks)
1931 - Apr 1933            Timofey Ivanovich Churbanov        (s.a.)
Apr 1933 - Apr 1937        Islam Sadyk-ogly Aliyev            (b. 1897 - d. 1938)
First Secretaries of the Kara-Kalpak Regional Committee of the Communist Party
(Bolsheviks) of Uzbekistan
1937 - Apr 1941            Kurbanbay Khalikeyev               (b. 1905 - d. 1976)
Apr 1941 - Oct 1946        Sabyr Kamalov                      (b. 1910 - d. 1990)
Oct 1946 - 1949            Pirzhan Seitov (1st time)          (b. 1909 - d. 1984)
1949 - 1950                Tursun Kambarov                    (b. 1912 - d. 1986)
1950 - Jan 1952            Pirzhan Seitov (2nd time)          (s.a.)
Jan 1952 - 13 Oct 1952     Arzy Makhmudov                     (b. 1910 - d. 1970)
First Secretaries of the Kara-Kalpak Regional Committee of Communist Party of Uzbekistan

13 Oct 1952 - 1956         Arzy Makhmudov                     (s.a.)
1956 - Mar 1963            Nasyr Makhmudov                    (b. 1913 - d. 1987)
Mar 1963 - 13 Aug 1984     Kallibek Kamalov                   (b. 1926)
13 Aug 1984 - 26 Jul 1989  Kakimbek Salykov                   (b. 1932 - d. 2013)
26 Jul 1989 - 18 Jan 1991  Sagyndyk Davletiyarovich           (b. 1948)
                             Niyetullayev
First Secretary of the Karakalpak Republican Committee of Communist Party of Uzbekistan
18 Jan 1991 - 14 Sep 1991  Davletbay Nuratdinovich Shamshetov (b. 1948 - d. 1998) 

Khans
1679 - af.1725             Ishim Muhammad Khan
                             (
also khan of Khorazm 1714 – 1715)
bf.1731 – af.1743          Gha
´ip Khan
1747 - 1757                Baybori (Baybolat) Khan            (d. 1757)
1855 - 1856                Muhammad Jarlik Tura Khan          (d. 1856)
                             (in rebellion)
Head of Amudarya Provisional Government
Aug 1919 – Feb 1920        Mikhail Filchev                                         Mil
Chairman of the Kara-Kalpak Provisional Revolutionary Committee

17 Oct 1924 - 12 Feb 1925  Abu Yerzhanovich Kudabayev         (s.a.)               RKP
Chairmen of the Executive Committee (from 30 May 1932, Central Executive Committee)

12 Feb 1925 - Apr 1925     Abu Yerzhanovich Kudabayev         (s.a.)               RKP    
Apr 1925 - Mar 1929        Kasym Avezov                       (b. 1897 - d. 1938)  VKP
Mar 1929 - 1933            Koptleu Nurmukhamedovich           (b. 1903 - d. 1938)  VKP
                             Nurmukhamedov
1933 - 24 Jul 1938         Nurum Saparov                      (d. 1946)          VKP;1937 KPU-B
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
24 Jul 1938 - 1941         Pirimbet Beknazarov                                     KPU-B
1941 - 1955                Mateke Dzhumanazarov (1st time)    (b. 1906 - d. 1966)KPU-B;1952 KPU
1955 - 1956                Nawruz Zhapakov                    (b. 1914 - d. 1975)  KPU
1956 - Nov 1960            Mateke Dzhumanazarov (2nd time)    (s.a.)               KPU
Nov 1960 - 1978            Davlet Yeshimbetov                 (b. 1913 - d. 19..)  KPU
1978 - Feb 1985            Kamal Rzayev                       (b. 1932)            KPU
Feb 1985 - 1990            Tursun Allambergenovna                                  KPU
                            
Yeshimbetova (f)
Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet 

1990 - Feb 1991            Tursun Allambergenovna                                  KPU
                            
Yeshimbetova (f)
Feb 1991 - Nov 1991        Davletbay Nuratdinovich Shamshetov (s.a.)               KPU

President
Nov 1991 - Jun 1992        Davletbay Nuratdinovich Shamshetov (s.a.)               XM
Chairmen of Parliament (Jokargy Kenes)
Jun 1992 - 17 Jul 1997     Ubbiniyaz Ashirbekov               (b. 1944)            PDPU
17 Jul 1997 -  3 May 2002  Timur Kamalovich Kamalov           (b. 1938 - d. 2013)
 3 May 2002 - 31 Jul 2020  Musa Tazhetdinovich Yerniyazov     (b. 1947 - d. 2020)
31 Jul 2020 -  2 Oct 2020  Atabek Ilkhamovich Davletov        (b. 1975)

                             (acting)

 2 Oct 2020 - 26 Aug 2022 
Murat Kallimbekovich Kamalov       (b. 1955)            OEP
26 Aug 2022 -              Amanbai Tleubayevich Orynbayev     (b. 1979)            OEP


Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars 

30 May 1932 - 1935         Kasym Avezov                       (s.a.)               VKP    
1935 - 1938                Dzhumabay Kurbanov                 (b. 1906 - d. 1941)VKP;1937 KPU-B
1938 - 1941                Khodzhabay Niyetullayev                                 KPU-B
1941 -  2 Apr 1946         Pirzhan Seitov (1st time)          (s.a.)               KPU-B
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers 
 2 Apr 1946 - 1952         Navruz Zhapakov (1st time)         (b. 1914 - d. 1975)  KPU-B
1952 - 15 Jul 1954         Dzholimbet Seitniyazov                                  KPU
15 Jul 1954 - 1956         Pirzhan Seitov (2nd time)          (s.a.)               KPU
1956 - 31 Mar 1959         Navruz Zhapakov (2nd time)         (s.a.)               KPU
31 Mar 1959 - 16 Mar 1963  Kallibek Kamalov                   (s.a.)               KPU
16 Mar 1963 - 15 Jul 1981  Yerezhep Aytmuratov                (b. 1929)            KPU
15 Jul 1981 - Oct 1985     Marat Dzhumaniyazovich Yusupov                          KPU
Oct 1985 - Oct 1988        Damir Salikhovich Yadgarov         (b. 1937)            KPU
Oct 1988 - Jul 1989        Sagyndyk Davletiyarovich           (s.a.)               KPU
                             Niyetullayev
Jul 1989 - Jan 1992        Amin Khamrayevich Tojiyev (1st time)                    KPU to 1991
                            
(Tadzhiyev)
Jan 1992 - 1995            Rejepbay Yuldashev                
(b. 1953)
Feb 1995 - Dec 1995        Bakhrom Jumaniyazov
Dec 1995 - Oct 1998        Saparbay Avezmatov                 (b. 1950)
Oct 1998 -  7 Oct 2002     Amin Khamrayevich Tojiyev (2nd time)                    PDPU
 7 Oct 2002 -  3 Mar 2006  Tursunbay Tleuboyevich 
                             Tangirbergenov 
 3 Mar 2006 - 20 Oct 2016  Bakhadir Yangibayevich Yangibayev  (b. 1960)
                             (Yangiboyev) 
20 Oct 2016 - 17 Dec 2022 
Kakhraman Ramatullayevich Sariyev  (b. 1980)
17 Dec 2022 -              Farkhod Urazbayevich Ermanov       (b. 1958)
 
Party abbreviation: KPU = O'zbekiston Kommunistik Partiyasi/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Uzbekistana (Communist Party of Uzbekistan, Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, 13 Oct 1952-1991, formerly KPU-B); OEP = O'zbekiston Ekologik Partiyasi (Uzbekistan Ecological Party, est.2019); PDPU = O'zbekiston Xalq Demokratik Partiyasi (People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, conservative, nationalist, former CPU, est.1991);
- Former parties: KPU-B = Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov) Uzbekistan/Kommunistik Partiyasi (Bolsheviklar) O'zbekiston (Communist Party [Bolsheviks] of Uzbekistan, Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, 12 Feb 1925-13 Oct 1952, renamed KPU); RKP = Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, former RSDRP-B, 8 Mar 1918-31 Dec 1925, renamed All-Union Communist Party [Bolsheviks]); VKP = Vsesoyuznaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(All-Union Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, former RKP, 31 Dec 1925-13 Oct 1952, renamed Communist Party of the Soviet Union); XM = Xalyq Mapi (People's Will, Karakalpak autonomist, 1990-1992)



Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
 
[Flag of Uzbek
                          SSR 1925-1927 (USSR)]
22 Jul 1925 - 1927
[Flag of Uzbek
                          SSR 1927-1929 (USSR)]
1927 - 9 May 1929
[Flag of Uzbek
                          SSR 1929-1931 (USSR)]
9 May 1929 - 28 Feb 1931
[Flag of Uzbek
                          SSR 1931-1934 (USSR)]
28 Feb 1931 - 1934
[Flag of Uzbek
                          SSR 1934-1935 (USSR)]
1934 - 17 Jan 1935
[Flag of Uzbek
                          SSR 1935-1937 (USSR)]
17 Jan 1935 - 14 Feb 1937
[Flag of Uzbek
                          SSR 1937-1939 (USSR)]
14 Feb 1937 - 1939
[Flag of Uzbek
                          SSR 1939-1941 (USSR)]
1939 - 16 Jan 1941
[Flag of Uzbek
                          SSR 1941-1952 (USSR)]
16 Jan 1941 - 29 Aug 1952
[Flag of Uzbek SSR
                          1952-1991 (USSR)]
29 Aug 1952 - 30 Sep 1991


Capital: Tashkent
(Samarkand 1925-1930,
Bukhara 1924-1925)

Hear SSR Anthem
"O'zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi"
(State Anthem of

the Uzbek SSR)
(1947-10 Dec 1992)
Constitution
(19 Apr 1978;
14 Feb 1937;
30 Mar 1927)
Population: 16,658,000 (1989)

27 Oct 1924                Uzbek Socialist Soviet Republic (O'zbekiston Sotsialistik Sovet
                             Respublikasi/Uzbekskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya
                             Respublika
)(1929-1940 Uzbek Latin spelling: Ɵzʙekistan Ьçtьmaьj
                            
Şora Çymhyrijəti) established as part of the Soviet Union.
 5 Dec 1924                Uzbek Socialist Soviet Republic inaugurated.

13 May 1925                Accession to the Soviet Union confirmed by the Congress of
                             Soviets of the Soviet Union
(see under Russia).
 5 Dec 1936                Renamed
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Soviet Republic (O'zbekiston Sovet
                             Sotsialistik Respublikasi/Uzbekskaya Sovetskaya
                             Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika
).
21 Oct 1989                Uzbek is designated as the state language.
31 Aug 1991                Republic of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Respublikasi).

First Secretary of the Organizational Bureau of the Uzbekistan Communist (Bolshevik) Party
 5 Nov 1924 - Feb 1925     Vladimir Ivanovich Ivanov          (b. 1893 - d. 1938)
First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
of Uzbekistan

12 Feb 1925 - 21 Sep 1927  Vladimir Ivanovich Ivanov          (s.a.)
1927 - Apr 1929            Kuprian Osipovich Kirkizh          (b. 1886 - d. 1932)
Apr 1929 - 11 Jun 1929     Nikolay Fyodorovich Gikalo         (b. 1897 - d. 1938)
Jun 1929 - Dec 1929        Isaak Abramovich Zelenskiy         (b. 1890 - d. 1938)
Dec 1929 - 21 Sep 1937     Akmal Ikramovich Ikramov           (b. 1898 - d. 1938)
21 Sep 1937 - 27 Sep 1937  Pavel Yakovlev (acting)
27 Sep 1937 - 13 Oct 1952  Usman Yusupovich Yusupov           (b. 1900 - d. 1966)
                            
(Usmon Yusupovich Yusupov)
First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan
13 Oct 1952 -  7 Apr 1953  Usman Yusupovich Yusupov           (s.a.)
 
7 Apr 1953 - 22 Dec 1955  Amin Irmatovich Niyazov            (b. 1903 - d. 1973)

                            (Amin Ermatovich Niyozov)
22 Dec 1955 - 28 Dec 1957  Nuritdin Akramovich Mukhitdinov    (b. 1917 - d. 2008)

28 Dec 1957 - 15 Mar 1959  Sabyr Kamalovich Kamalov           (b. 1910 - d. 1990)
15 Mar 1959 - 31 Oct 1983  Sharof Rashidovich Rashidov        (b. 1917 - d. 1983)
                            (Sharof Rashidovich Rashidov)
 3 Nov 1983 - 12 Jan 1988  Inamdzhan Buzrukovich              (b. 1930 - d. 2017)

                             Usmankhodzhayev 
                            (Inomjon Buzrukovich Usmonxo'jayev)
12 Jan 1988 - 23 Jun 1989  Rafik Nishanovich Nishanov         (b. 1926 - d. 2023)

                            (Rafiq Nishonovich Nishonov)
23 Jun 1989 -  3 Nov 1991  Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov       (b. 1938 - d. 2016)
                            (Islom Abdug'aniyevich Karimov)

Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee
31 Oct 1924 - 17 Feb 1925  Fayzulla Ubaydullayevich           (b. 1896 - d. 1938)  KPU-B
                             Khodzhayev (Khojaoghli) 
                            (Fayzullo Ubaydulloyevich Xo'jayev)
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee

17 Feb 1925 - 19 Jul 1938  Yuldash Ahunbabayevich Akhunbabayev(b. 1885 - d. 1943)  KPU-B
                            (Yo'ldosh Oxunboboyevich Oxunboboyev)
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
19 Jul 1938 - 21 Jul 1938  Usman Yusupovich Yusupov           (s.a.)               KPU-B
                           
(Usmon Yusupovich Yusupov)
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
21 Jul 1938 - 28 Feb 1943  Yuldash Ahunbabayevich Akhunbabayev(s.a.)               KPU-B
28 Feb 1943 - 21 Mar 1943  Pashsha Makhmudova (f) (acting)    (b. 1918 - d. 2006)  KPU-B
                            (Poshsha Mahmudova)
21 Mar 1943 - 17 Mar 1947  Abduvali Muminov                   (b. 1902 - d. 1965)  KPU-B

                            (Abduvali Mo'minov) 
17 Mar 1947 - 21 Aug 1950  Amin Irmatovich Niyazov            (s.a.)               KPU-B
                           
(Amin Ermatovich Niyozov)
21 Aug 1950 - 24 Mar 1959  Sharof Rashidovich Rashidov        (s.a.)            KPU-B;1952 KPU
                           
(Sharof Rashidovich Rashidov)
24 Mar 1959 - 25 Sep 1970  Yagdar Sadykovna Nasriddinova (f)  (b. 1920 - d. 2006)  KPU
                            (
Yodgor Sodiqovna Nasriddinova)
25 Sep 1970 - 20 Dec 1978  Nazar Matkarimovich Matchanov      (b. 1923 - d. 2010)  KPU
                            (Nazar Matkarimovich Matchonov)
20 Dec 1978 - 20 Dec 1983  Inamdzhan Buzrukovich              (s.a.)               KPU
                             Usmankhodzhayev
                            (Inomjon Buzrukovich Usmonxo'jayev)
20 Dec 1983 -  5 Dec 1986  Akil Umurzakovich Salimov          (b. 1928 - d. 2014)  KPU
                           
(Oqil Umrzoqovich Salimov)
 
5 Dec 1986 -  9 Apr 1988  Rafik Nishanovich Nishanov         (s.a.)               KPU
                           
(Rafiq Nishonovich Nishonov)
 9 Apr 1988 -  6 Mar 1989  Pulat Kirgizbayevich Khabibullayev (b. 1936 - d. 2010)  KPU
                           
(Po'lat Qirg'izboyevich Habibullayev)
 6 Mar 1989 - 24 Mar 1990  Mirzolim Ibragimovich Ibragimov    (b. 1928 - d. 2014)  KPU
                            (Mirzaolim Ibrohimovich Ibrohimov)

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
17 Feb 1925 - 17 Jun 1937  Fayzulla Ubaydullayevich           (s.a.)               KPU-B
                             Khodzhayev
26 Jul 1937 -  1 Oct 1937  Abdullah Karim Karimov             (b. 1896 - d. 1940)  KPU-B
 2 Oct 1937 - Jul 1938     Sultan Segizbayevich Segizbayev    (b. 1899 - d. 1938)  KPU-B
23 Jul 1938 - 15 Mar 1946  Abdudzhabar Abdudzhabarovich       (b. 1907 - d. 1975)  KPU-B
                             Abdurrakhmanov
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
15 Mar 1946 - 24 Apr 1950  Abdudzhabar Abdudzhabarovich       (s.a.)               KPU-B
                             Abdurrakhmanov
24 Apr 1950 - 18 May 1951  Abdurrazak Mavlyanov               (b. 1908 - d. 1978)  KPU-B
18 May 1951 -  7 Apr 1953  Nuritdin Akramovich Mukhitdinov    (s.a.)               KPU-B;1952
                             (1st time)                                            KPU
 7 Apr 1953 - 18 Dec 1954  Usman Yusupovich Yusupov           (s.a.)               KPU
18 Dec 1954 - 22 Dec 1955  Nuritdin Akramovich Mukhitdinov    (s.a.)               KPU
                             (2nd time)
22 Dec 1955 - 30 Dec 1957  Sabyr Kamalovich Kamalov           (s.a.)               KPU
30 Dec 1957 - 16 Mar 1959  Mansur Siyayevich Mirza-Akhmedov   (b. 1909 - d. 1971)  KPU
16 Mar 1959 - 27 Sep 1961  Arif Alimovich Alimov              (b. 1912 - d. 2005)  KPU
27 Sep 1961 - 25 Feb 1971  Rahmankul Kurbanovich Kurbanov     (b. 1912 - d. 2012)  KPU
25 Feb 1971 -  3 Dec 1984  Narmakhonmadi Dzhurayevich         (b. 1928 - d. 2011)  KPU
                             Khudayberdyev
 3 Dec 1984 - 21 Oct 1989  Gayrat Khamidullayevich Kadyrov    (b. 1939)            KPU
21 Oct 1989 - 24 Mar 1990  Mirakhat Mipkhadziyevich           (b. 1941)            KPU
                             Mirkasimov 
24 Mar 1990 -  1 Nov 1990  Shakurulla Rakhmatovich Mirzaidov  (b. 1938 - d. 2012)  KPU

Party abbreviation: KPU = O'zbekiston Kommunistik Partiyasi/Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Uzbekistana (Communist Party of Uzbekistan, Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, former KPU-B, 13 Oct 1952-1991);
- Former parties: KPU-B = Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (B
ol'shevikov) Uzbekistan/Kommunistik Partiyasi (Bolsheviklar) O'zbekiston (Communist Party [Bolsheviks] of Uzbekistan, Marxist-Leninist communist, state party, Nov 1924-13 Oct 1952, renamed KPU); RKP = Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks], communist, former RSDRP-B, from 1919 only legal party in Turkestan ASSR, 8 Mar 1918-31 Dec 1925, renamed All-Union Communist Party [Bolsheviks])



Russian Turkestan

[Russian flag]

23 Jul 1867 - 1917         Russian Turkestan a Governorate-general of Turkestan
                             Kray; as of 1917 it covered Fergana, Samarkand,
                             Semirechye, Syr-Darya and Transcaspian oblasti.

Governors-general of Turkestan Kray
(in Tashkent)
26 Jul 1867 - 16 May 1882  Konstantin Petrovich fon Kaufman   (b. 1818 - d. 1882)
 6 Jun 1882 - 13 Feb 1884  Mikhail Grigoryevich Chernyayev    (b. 1828 - d. 1898)
13 Feb 1884 -  9 Nov 1889  Nikolay Ottonovich fon Rozenbakh   (b. 1836 - d. 1901)
 9 Nov 1889 - 29 Mar 1898  Baron Aleksandr Borisovich Vrevskiy(b. 1834 - d. 1910)
 9 Apr 1898 - 14 Jan 1901  Sergey Mikhaylovich Dukhovskoy     (b. 1838 - d. 1901)
 5 Feb 1901 - 28 Apr 1904  Nikolay Aleksandrovich Ivanov      (b. 1842 - d. 1904)
 5 Jul 1904 -  7 Dec 1905  Nikolay Nikolayevich Tevyashyov    (b. 1841 - d. 1905)
                             (Tevyashev)
11 Dec 1905 - 28 Aug 1906  Dean Ivanovich Subbotich           (b. 1852 - d. 1920)
                             (= Dejan Subotić)
13 Sep 1906 – 28 Dec 1906  Yevgeniy Osipovich Matsiyevskiy    (b. 1845 - d. 1910)
                             (acting)
28 Dec 1906 - 21 Mar 1908  Nikolay Ivanovich Grodekov         (b. 1843 - d. 1913)
15 May 1908 - 30 Mar 1909  Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko         (b. 1853 - d. 1919)
30 Mar 1909 -  5 Aug 1914  Aleksandr Vasilyevich Samsonov     (b. 1859 - d. 1914)
1910 - 1911                Vasiliy Ivanovich Pokotilo         (b. 1856 - d. 1919)
                             (acting for Samsonov)
 5 Aug 1914 - 11 Sep 1914  Vasiliy Yegorovich Flug (acting)   (b. 1860 - d. 1955)
17 Oct 1914 - Jul 1916     Fyodor Vladimirovich Martson       (b. 1853 - d. 1916)
Jul 1916 -  4 Aug 1916     Mikhail Rodionovich Yerofeyev      (b. 1857 - d. 1941)
                             (acting)
 4 Aug 1916 - 13 Apr 1917  Aleksey Nikolayevich Kuropatkin    (b. 1848 - d. 1925)
Chairmen of Committee for Administration of Turkestan Kray
20 Apr 1917 –  7 Jun 1917  Nikolay Nikolayevich Shchepkin     (b. 1854 - d. 1919)  KDP
Jun? 1917 –  1 Aug 1917    Vladimir Sergeyevich Yelpatyevskiy (b. 1877 - d. 1937)  NSP
                             (acting)
 1 Aug 1917 –  8 Oct 1917  Vladimir Petrovich Nalivkin        (b. 1852 - d. 1919)  RSDRP-M
General-commissar of Turkestan Kray
 8 Oct 1917 – 13 Nov 1917  Pavel Aleksandrovich Korovichenko  (b. 1874 - d. 1917)  PSR



Party abbreviations:
KDP = Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya (Constitutional Democratic Party, "Kadets", Russian liberal, 12 Oct 1905-1920, banned by Bolsheviks from 12 Dec 1917); NSP = Narodno-Sotsialisticheskaya Partiya (People's Socialist Party, center-left, 1905-1920); PSRPartiya Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Socialists-Revolutionaries, "SRs", democratic socialist, agrarian socialist, split Aug 1917 into Left [became PLSR] and Right wings, Jan 1902-1922); RSDRP-MRossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Men'shevikov)(Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party [Mensheviks], split from RSDRP, democratic socialist, Orthodox Marxist, 1 Jan 1912-1922)

Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
 
[Flag of
                          Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Federative
                          Republic, 1919-1921 (Russian S.F.S.R.)]
1918 - 1921
[Flag of
                          Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Soviet
                          Republic, 1921-1924 (Russian S.F.S.R.)]
1921 - 27 Oct 1924
Turkestan ASSR 1922 Map
Capital: Tashkent
-------------------------------
Basic Law
(15 Oct 1918;
24 Sep 1920)
Ethnic groups: Uzbek 41%,
 Kazakh 19%, Kyrgyz 11%,
Russian 9%, Tajik 8%,
 Turkmen 5%, Kara-Kalpak
 1%, Uyghur 1%, other 5%
 (1920 est.)

Population: 5,254,600
(1924)

13 Nov 1917                Bolshevik rule in Tashkent, on 15 Nov 1917 the Council of People's
                             Commissars of Turkestan Kray, described as "Soviet regional
                             association", established.

30 Apr 1918                Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Federative Republic (Turkestanskaya
                             Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Respublika)(within the
                            
Russian S.F.S.R.), confirmed by Russian S.F.S.R. on 8 Mar 1920
                            (in
the confirmation the word "Autonomous" is added to the name).
24 Sep 1920                Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (Turkestanskaya
                             Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika)
(within the
                            
Russian S.F.S.R.), confirmed by Russian S.F.S.R. on 11 Apr 1921
                            (in the confirmation the word "Autonomous" is added to the name).
30 Dec 1922                Turkestan A.S.S.R. part of Soviet Union (within Russian S.F.S.R.)
 
5 Dec 1924                Divided between the Turkmen and Uzbek Socialist Soviet Republics
                             (including Tajik A.S.S.R.) and the Russian S.F.S.R.
                             (including Kara-Kyrgyz A.O. and Kara-Kalpak A.O.)

Chairmen of the Turkestan Regional Committee of the Central Committee
of the
Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
24 Jun 1918 - 23 Sep 1918  Ivan Osipovich Tobolin             (b. 1885 - d. 1941)
Sep 1918 - 31 May 1919     Andrey Fyodorovich Solkin          (b. 1895 - d. 1937)
May 1919 - Oct 1919        Karp Yeliseyevich Sorokin          (b. 1871 - d. 1940)
 7 Oct 1919 - 15 Nov 1919  Pyotr Alekseyevich Kobozev         (b. 1878 - d. 1941)
Nov 1919 – Jan 1920        Solomon Yakovlevich Borover (?)    (b. 1887 - d. af.1928)
                             (secretary) (acting)

25 Jan 1920 - 19 Jul 1920  Saydulla Tursunkhodzhayev          (b. 1891 - d. 1938)
19 Jul 1920 - 12 Sep 1920  Nazir Tyuryakulovich Tyuryakulov   (b. 1893 - d. 1937)
                            
(chairman of Executive Bureau)
Executive Secretaries of the
Turkestan Regional Committee of the
Central Committee of the
Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

Sep 1920 - May 1921        Isaak Grigoryevich Solts           (b. 1892 - d. 1940)
1921                       Viktor Markovich Pozner            (b. 1877 - d. 1957)
1921 - 1922                Akmal Ikramovich Ikramov           (b. 1898 - d. 1938)
1922 - Sep 1922            Nazir Tyuryakulovich Tyuryakulov   (s.a.)
Sep 1922 - May 1923        Moisey Solomonovich Epshtein       (b. 1890 - d. 1938)
May 1923 - Jul 1923        Aleksandr Moiseyevich Rozenblum    (b. 1887 - d. 1956)
Jul 1923 - 26 Feb 1924     Ferdinand Yuryevich Svetlov        (b. 1884 - d. 1943)
                             (Shenfeld)
26 Feb 1924 - 11 Oct 1924  Iosif Mikhaylovich Vareykis        (b. 1894 - d. 1938)

Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee  
30 Apr 1918 -  2 Jun 1918  Pyotr Alekseyevich Kobozev         (s.a.)               RKP
                             (1st time)
 2 Jun 1918 -  5 Oct 1918  Ivan Osipovich Tobolin             (s.a.)               RKP
 5 Oct 1918 - 19 Jan 1919  Vsevold Dmitriyevich Votintsev     (b. 1892 - d. 1919)  RKP
Chairman of the Turkestan Revolutionary Committee
21 Jan 1919 -
31 Mar 1919  Aristarkh Andreyvich Kazakov       (b. 1878 - d. 1963)  RKP
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee  
31 Mar 1919 - Jul 1919     Aristarkh Andreyvich Kazakov       (s.a.
)               RKP
Jul 1919 - Sep 1919        Pyotr Alekseyevich Kobozev         (s.a.)               RKP
                             (2nd time)                
Sep 1919 - Jan 1920        Ivan Andreyevich Apin              (b. 1877 - d. 1938)  RKP
Jan 1920 - Aug 1920        Turar Ryskulovich Ryskulov         (b. 1894 - d. 1938)  RKP
Aug 1920 - May 1921        Abdullo Rakhimbayevich Rakhimbayev (b. 1896 - d. 1938)  RKP
                             (1st time)
May 1921 - Jun 1922        Nazir Tyuryakulovich Tyuryakulov   (s.a.)               RKP
Jun 1922 - Oct 1922        Abdullo Rakhimbayevich Rakhimbayev (s.a.)               RKP
                             (2nd time)
Oct 1922 -  1 Jan 1924     Inagandzhan Khidyr-Aliyev          (b. 1891 - d. 1928)  RKP
 9 Jan 1924 -  5 Dec 1924  Nedirbay Aytakov                   (b. 1894 - d. 1938)  RKP

Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars ("Turksovnarkom")
15 Nov 1917 - Nov 1918     Fyodor Ivanovich Kolesov           (b. 1891 - d. 1940)  RKP
Nov 1918 - 19 Jan 1919     Vladislav Damyanovich Figelskiy    (b. 1889 - d. 1919)  RKP
19 Jan 1919 - 21 Jan 1919  Vacant
21 Jan 1919 – 31 Mar 1919  Aristarkh Andreyvich Kazakov       (s.a.)               RKP
                             (acting)
31 Mar 1919 - 12 Sep 1919  Karp Yeliseyevich Sorokin          (s.a.)               RKP

Sep 1919 –  1 Mar 1920     Artur Martynovich Kaktyn           (b. 1893 – d. 1937)  RKP
                             (chairman of People's Economy Council)
 1 Mar 1920 - May 1920     Yan Ernestovich Rudzutak           (b. 1887 - d. 1938)  RKP
May 1920 - Sep 1920        Isidor Yevstigneyevich Lyubimov    (b. 1882 - d. 1937)  RKP
19 Sep 1920 - Oct 1922     Kaygisyz Serdarovich Atabayev      (b. 1887 - d. 1938)  RKP
Oct 1922 - 12 Jan 1924     Turar Ryskulovich Ryskulov         (s.a.)               RKP
12 Jan 1924 -  5 Dec 1924  Sharustam Islamov                  (b. 1899 - d. 1938)  RKP

Party abbreviation: RKP = Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks], Marxist-Leninist communist, former RSDRP-B, from 1919 only legal party in Turkestan A.S.S.R., 8 Mar 1918-31 Dec 1925, renamed All-Union Communist Party) 






© Ben Cahoon